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How to Become an Air Force Officer
|
1. Enrolling in Officer Training School Post-College
1-1. Check to make sure you meet the qualifications.
To jump right into Officer Training School, you need to have earned a college or postgraduate degree. You also must be between 18 and 39 years old and be a U.S. citizen.
1-2. Submit an online application to get connected with a recruiter.
Go to the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.airforce.com/ and click on "Apply Now." This will take you to an application asking for some personal information about yourself. After submitting the form, you'll be connected with a recruiter who will help you through the rest of the process.
You'll be asked for your name, contact information such as email and home address, and a little bit of information about your education.
You'll be contacted by a recruiter shortly after filling out the application, either by email or phone.
1-3. Study for and pass
The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) is designed to test you on your skills. This includes your knowledge of math, how to communicate efficiently, and several other topics relating to the Air Force. The test is multiple choice and you can take it up to 2 times, so be sure to study and prepare plenty of time in advance.
Your recruiter will give you information on how to sign up for the AFOQT. To help prepare for the test, visit sites such as http://www.militaryaptitudetests.com/afoqt/.
1-4. Go through a physical and mental screening.
Being an Air Force Officer is both mentally and physically demanding, making it necessary for you to be checked beforehand to make sure you’re ready. To complete the screening, you’ll go to a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) where they will assess you.
Your recruiter should work with you to create an appointment for the screening.
1-5. Wait to be sent to Officer Training School after passing all of the requirements.
If you completed the application process and are accepted into the Air Force by the selection board, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program. This will be the program you're in while you wait to be sent to Officer Training School.
It’s recommended that you use this wait time to begin a physical fitness regimen to get in shape for the training program. You should include running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching into your routine.
People in the Delayed Entry Program are encouraged to attend meetings and classes at your local recruiting office.
You can be in the Delayed Entry Program for 365 days at most.
1-6. Go through the 9.5 week training program.
Officer Training School is broken down into 4 phases and takes 9.5 weeks to complete. The 4 phases allow you to work on teamwork, discipline, the fundamentals of leadership, and many other important skills. For a complete list of the concepts worked on in each phase, you can visit https://www.airforce.com/education/military-training/ots.
2. Attending the U.S. Air Force Academy
2-1. Check your eligibility.
To enter into the U.S. Air Force Academy, you must be between 17 and 23 years old and a U.S. citizen. You can’t be married, and you shouldn’t have any dependents.
You don't need to have gone to college to apply to the Air Force Academy, but you do need a high school diploma or GED.
2-2. Find your Admissions Liaison Officer.
Your Admissions Liaison Officer (ALO) is the person who will be helping you through the application process, answering any questions you might have. Your ALO is assigned to you depending on which high school you attend. To find your ALO, go online to the Air Force Academy website and select your high school. When you find your high school on the list, you’ll be given your ALO’s name and email address.
If you don’t attend a high school, you can just search by state.
Your ALO is the person who will conduct your interview, so it’s best to start establishing a strong relationship with them.
2-3. Start your online U.S.
Your online application is where most of the application process will take place. It will guide you through the process, giving you access to the questionnaires, prompts, general information questions, and several other parts of the application. To start your Air Force Academy application, visit https://admissions.usafa.edu/gateway/gateway.aspx.
2-4. Apply for a nomination as soon as possible.
To enter into the Air Force Academy, you must be given an official nomination by a person legally authorized to nominate you. Most candidates aim for Congressional or Vice Presidential nominations, meaning you would seek a nomination from your U.S. Senators and U.S. Representative, or the Vice President of the United States.
The nomination process can take a long time, so it's best to start as soon as you start the application. The nomination is due January 31st.
For more information on how to apply for a nomination, visit https://www.academyadmissions.com/admissions/the-application-process/nominations/.
2-5. Submit a Pre-Candidate Questionnaire by December 31st.
The questionnaire will have questions regarding your class rank, high school GPA, and test scores. These questions, as well as some questions about your activities and personal situation, will be used to decide if you’re a candidate for admission. The Pre-Candidate Questionnaire can be started March 1st of your junior year of high school, and you should submit it by December 31st.
You’ll be asked for your full name, birth date, social security number, and contact information, as well as the name of your high school and the class size.
2-6. Request transcripts
Once you're notified that you’re now in the Candidate phase, you’ll need to request your transcripts and teacher evaluations. You’ll be given a request form to give to your high school counselor so that the Air Force Academy can have access to your high school transcripts. You’ll also need three teacher evaluations.
For high schoolers, your three evaluations must be from your Math teacher, English teacher, and 1 other teacher — the best option would be a Science teacher. The evaluation from your English teacher needs to be from your 11th or 12th grade teacher.
2-7. Take the Candidate Fitness Assessment.
The Candidate Fitness Assessment (CFA) is a Pass/Fail test that you must pass to be considered for admission. Train for the 6 parts of the assessment: Basketball Throw, Pull-Ups/Flexed Arm Hang, Shuttle Run, Crunches, Push-Ups, and 1-Mile Run. You’ll need to find someone to administer the test for you.
Your high school gym teacher or sports coach would be a good examiner. You can also visit the website for help finding a qualified examiner, as well as for tips on how to train for the test.
If you fail the CFA, you'll be notified and may have the opportunity to retake it to get better scores.
2-8. Fill out your extracurricular activities record.
The Air Force Academy will want to find out which extracurriculars you’re involved in, including athletic activities as well as non-athletic activities. The activities you list don’t have to be activities you participate in only at school, but they can only be things that took place from 10th-12th grade.
Choosing activities where you showed leadership will be especially beneficial to your application.
2-9. Provide a writing sample.
As with most other steps, your writing sample is part of your online application. You’ll be given three questions, and you must answer two of them. Try to use these questions to really show who you are as a person, and spend some time thinking about how you’d like to answer them. Make sure you proofread your answers before submitting them.
The questions will have a word minimum of 250 or 400, with a maximum of 3,000 characters.
2-10. Take part in a personal interview with your ALO.
You’ll need to contact your Admissions Liaison Officer to set up your interview. You should think of this interview as a job interview, putting your best foot forward and letting the selection panel get to know you.
Prepare for your interview beforehand by thinking out answers to probable questions.
2-11. Submit the Personal Data Record and Drug/Alcohol Abuse Statement.
You’ll be required to disclose your personal record, such as any citations or arrests you’ve had. The Drug and Alcohol Abuse Certificate can’t be accessed until your ALO opens it for you. After you’ve talked to your ALO, complete this part of the application by reading everything carefully and filling in all of the required boxes.
The instructions for opening the Drug and Alcohol Abuse Statement section can be given by your ALO either in person or over the phone.
2-12. Complete a medical evaluation.
To make sure you’re healthy enough to join the Air Force, you’ll need to schedule a medical examination with the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board. It can take up to four months to complete this process, so be patient.
You need to have completed the Fitness Assessment, Personal Data Record, Activities Record, Teacher Evaluations, and Writing Sample before your name will be forwarded to the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board.
3. Joining Air Force ROTC in College
3-1. Connect with an Air Force ROTC admissions representative.
Your admissions representative will help you navigate the process of finding a college with a great ROTC program and applying. Your admissions representative is assigned by state. To find out who your representative is, visit the "Contact Us" page on the Air Force ROTC website (https://www.afrotc.com/) and then click "Locate a Rep."
3-2. Find a college that offers an ROTC program.
Some colleges or universities are host universities, meaning they offer ROTC programs on their campus, while others are crosstown universities and require their students to take the ROTC classes at a host university. To find out which universities offer Air Force ROTC programs and which might be the best for you, you can use the College Locator on the Air Force ROTC website.
3-3. Apply for a scholarship by submitting an online application and forms.
An application can be found online on the U.S. Air Force ROTC website and it must be turned in between June 1st and December 1st. After you’ve submitted the application, you’ll be able to download several forms that need to be filled out and uploaded by January 12th.
Required forms include the form to acquire your transcript, a physical fitness test, and your test scores.
3-4. Schedule your interview with an Air Force Officer if selected.
If you meet all of the qualifications, you’ll be contacted to begin setting up your interview with an Air Force Officer. Treat this interview as you might a job interview, and prepare for it beforehand.
3-5. Accept the scholarship offer by May 31st, if offered one.
If the selection board decides to offer you a scholarship, you have until the end of May to accept it. Most of this process should take place electronically.
If you aren’t given a scholarship, you’re still able to take ROTC classes during your first year of college.
3-6. Take all physical and medical exams.
Once you accept the scholarship offer, you’re required to take a medical exam and meet specific physical standards. This includes meeting the Air Force’s specific weight and fitness standards, as well as certain health, height, and vision qualifications.
3-7. Meet the qualifications for the first section of Air Force ROTC.
The first section of Air Force ROTC is the General Military Course, which you would complete during your freshman and sophomore years of college. To be part of this program, you need to be enrolled in an accredited college with an ROTC counterpart, be in good physical condition, have good moral character, be 14 years or older, and commit to taking the aerospace studies class as well as the Leadership Lab every semester.
If you’re on scholarship, you need to be a U.S. citizen and be at least 17 years old.
For a list of conditions that may affect your Air Force ROTC membership, visit the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.afrotc.com/scholarships/high-school/requirements/.
3-8. Enroll in the Professional Officer Course upon completion of the General Military Course.
If you complete the General Military Course, you’re able to enroll in the Professional Officer Course after meeting a few requirements. This course is designed for your junior and senior years of college. Your GPA, input from your unit commander, and aptitude test scores will all help determine if you’re eligible for the Professional Officer Course.
Some of the qualifications include being a U.S. citizen, being of legal age or 17 years old with a parent’s consent, being in good academic standing, passing a physical and Air Force Officer Qualifying Test, and taking part in a field training course, among others.
4. Enlisting to Work Towards Becoming an Officer
4-1. Meet all of the basic requirements before enlisting as an Airman.
You should be between 17 and 39 years old to be able to join, as well as a U.S. citizen or permanent, legal resident. You also need to have a high school diploma or have gotten your GED.
4-2. Go online to apply and submit an application.
To show that you’re interested in enlisting, you’ll need to go online and fill out an application with some general information about yourself. Once you submit the online form, an Air Force recruiter will contact you and provide assistance if needed for the rest of the process.
Apply at https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted.
4-3. Take the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.
The ASVAB test helps decide if you’re able to handle the mental demands of the Air Force. It also highlights your strengths, which will help point you in a direction of which career is best for you. You’ll be tested on arithmetic reasoning, work knowledge, paragraph comprehension, and mathematics knowledge.
You can prepare for the ASVAB test by taking practice tests online, found on sites such as http://www.asvabpracticetests.com/.
If you don't pass the test, you can wait one month before retaking it. If you don't pass that one, you can wait an additional month and retake the test a second time. You'll have to wait 6 months to take the test a fourth time.
4-4. Complete a physical and mental screening.
Your recruiter will help set up an appointment at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) so that you can take your physical and mental screening. During this time, you’ll need to give your jobs counselor a list of possible jobs and aptitude areas you’re qualified for or willing to train for. This list will help determine which Air Force career you pursue.
4-5. Go into the Delayed Entry Program to wait for Basic Military Training.
If you pass all of the tests and become a part of the Air Force, you’ll have to wait a little while to be sent to Basic Military Training (BMT). When you’re waiting for your departure date in the Delayed Entry Program (DEP), you should start preparing for training by working out and conditioning.
Create a workout routine that includes running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching.
You can be placed in the Delayed Entry Program for up to a year.
4-6. Obtain your unit commander's approval to begin training as an Officer.
Once you're enlisted as an Airman, you'll work your way up towards becoming an Officer. To be cleared to begin the next phase of training as you prepare to become an Officer, you'll need your unit commander's approval, as well as other qualifications which can be found on the U.S. Air Force website.
Visit https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted-to-officer for more information.
Tips
The U.S. Air Force website, as well as the U.S. Air Force Academy and U.S. Air Force ROTC website, has very helpful information on the entire application process. They have detailed steps for how to get started and many different contacts you can use if you have questions or need assistance.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Enrolling in Officer Training School Post-College\\n1-1. Check to make sure you meet the qualifications.\\nTo jump right into Officer Training School, you need to have earned a college or postgraduate degree. You also must be between 18 and 39 years old and be a U.S. citizen.\\n1-2. Submit an online application to get connected with a recruiter.\\nGo to the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.airforce.com/ and click on \\\"Apply Now.\\\" This will take you to an application asking for some personal information about yourself. After submitting the form, you'll be connected with a recruiter who will help you through the rest of the process.\\nYou'll be asked for your name, contact information such as email and home address, and a little bit of information about your education.\\nYou'll be contacted by a recruiter shortly after filling out the application, either by email or phone.\\n1-3. Study for and pass\\nThe Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) is designed to test you on your skills. This includes your knowledge of math, how to communicate efficiently, and several other topics relating to the Air Force. The test is multiple choice and you can take it up to 2 times, so be sure to study and prepare plenty of time in advance.\\nYour recruiter will give you information on how to sign up for the AFOQT. To help prepare for the test, visit sites such as http://www.militaryaptitudetests.com/afoqt/.\\n1-4. Go through a physical and mental screening.\\nBeing an Air Force Officer is both mentally and physically demanding, making it necessary for you to be checked beforehand to make sure you’re ready. To complete the screening, you’ll go to a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) where they will assess you.\\nYour recruiter should work with you to create an appointment for the screening.\\n1-5. Wait to be sent to Officer Training School after passing all of the requirements.\\nIf you completed the application process and are accepted into the Air Force by the selection board, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program. This will be the program you're in while you wait to be sent to Officer Training School.\\nIt’s recommended that you use this wait time to begin a physical fitness regimen to get in shape for the training program. You should include running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching into your routine.\\nPeople in the Delayed Entry Program are encouraged to attend meetings and classes at your local recruiting office.\\nYou can be in the Delayed Entry Program for 365 days at most.\\n1-6. Go through the 9.5 week training program.\\nOfficer Training School is broken down into 4 phases and takes 9.5 weeks to complete. The 4 phases allow you to work on teamwork, discipline, the fundamentals of leadership, and many other important skills. For a complete list of the concepts worked on in each phase, you can visit https://www.airforce.com/education/military-training/ots.\\n2. Attending the U.S. Air Force Academy\\n2-1. Check your eligibility.\\nTo enter into the U.S. Air Force Academy, you must be between 17 and 23 years old and a U.S. citizen. You can’t be married, and you shouldn’t have any dependents.\\nYou don't need to have gone to college to apply to the Air Force Academy, but you do need a high school diploma or GED.\\n2-2. Find your Admissions Liaison Officer.\\nYour Admissions Liaison Officer (ALO) is the person who will be helping you through the application process, answering any questions you might have. Your ALO is assigned to you depending on which high school you attend. To find your ALO, go online to the Air Force Academy website and select your high school. When you find your high school on the list, you’ll be given your ALO’s name and email address.\\nIf you don’t attend a high school, you can just search by state.\\nYour ALO is the person who will conduct your interview, so it’s best to start establishing a strong relationship with them.\\n2-3. Start your online U.S.\\nYour online application is where most of the application process will take place. It will guide you through the process, giving you access to the questionnaires, prompts, general information questions, and several other parts of the application. To start your Air Force Academy application, visit https://admissions.usafa.edu/gateway/gateway.aspx.\\n2-4. Apply for a nomination as soon as possible.\\nTo enter into the Air Force Academy, you must be given an official nomination by a person legally authorized to nominate you. Most candidates aim for Congressional or Vice Presidential nominations, meaning you would seek a nomination from your U.S. Senators and U.S. Representative, or the Vice President of the United States.\\nThe nomination process can take a long time, so it's best to start as soon as you start the application. The nomination is due January 31st.\\nFor more information on how to apply for a nomination, visit https://www.academyadmissions.com/admissions/the-application-process/nominations/.\\n2-5. Submit a Pre-Candidate Questionnaire by December 31st.\\nThe questionnaire will have questions regarding your class rank, high school GPA, and test scores. These questions, as well as some questions about your activities and personal situation, will be used to decide if you’re a candidate for admission. The Pre-Candidate Questionnaire can be started March 1st of your junior year of high school, and you should submit it by December 31st.\\nYou’ll be asked for your full name, birth date, social security number, and contact information, as well as the name of your high school and the class size.\\n2-6. Request transcripts\\nOnce you're notified that you’re now in the Candidate phase, you’ll need to request your transcripts and teacher evaluations. You’ll be given a request form to give to your high school counselor so that the Air Force Academy can have access to your high school transcripts. You’ll also need three teacher evaluations.\\nFor high schoolers, your three evaluations must be from your Math teacher, English teacher, and 1 other teacher — the best option would be a Science teacher. The evaluation from your English teacher needs to be from your 11th or 12th grade teacher.\\n2-7. Take the Candidate Fitness Assessment.\\nThe Candidate Fitness Assessment (CFA) is a Pass/Fail test that you must pass to be considered for admission. Train for the 6 parts of the assessment: Basketball Throw, Pull-Ups/Flexed Arm Hang, Shuttle Run, Crunches, Push-Ups, and 1-Mile Run. You’ll need to find someone to administer the test for you.\\nYour high school gym teacher or sports coach would be a good examiner. You can also visit the website for help finding a qualified examiner, as well as for tips on how to train for the test.\\nIf you fail the CFA, you'll be notified and may have the opportunity to retake it to get better scores.\\n2-8. Fill out your extracurricular activities record.\\nThe Air Force Academy will want to find out which extracurriculars you’re involved in, including athletic activities as well as non-athletic activities. The activities you list don’t have to be activities you participate in only at school, but they can only be things that took place from 10th-12th grade.\\nChoosing activities where you showed leadership will be especially beneficial to your application.\\n2-9. Provide a writing sample.\\nAs with most other steps, your writing sample is part of your online application. You’ll be given three questions, and you must answer two of them. Try to use these questions to really show who you are as a person, and spend some time thinking about how you’d like to answer them. Make sure you proofread your answers before submitting them.\\nThe questions will have a word minimum of 250 or 400, with a maximum of 3,000 characters.\\n2-10. Take part in a personal interview with your ALO.\\nYou’ll need to contact your Admissions Liaison Officer to set up your interview. You should think of this interview as a job interview, putting your best foot forward and letting the selection panel get to know you.\\nPrepare for your interview beforehand by thinking out answers to probable questions.\\n2-11. Submit the Personal Data Record and Drug/Alcohol Abuse Statement.\\nYou’ll be required to disclose your personal record, such as any citations or arrests you’ve had. The Drug and Alcohol Abuse Certificate can’t be accessed until your ALO opens it for you. After you’ve talked to your ALO, complete this part of the application by reading everything carefully and filling in all of the required boxes.\\nThe instructions for opening the Drug and Alcohol Abuse Statement section can be given by your ALO either in person or over the phone.\\n2-12. Complete a medical evaluation.\\nTo make sure you’re healthy enough to join the Air Force, you’ll need to schedule a medical examination with the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board. It can take up to four months to complete this process, so be patient.\\nYou need to have completed the Fitness Assessment, Personal Data Record, Activities Record, Teacher Evaluations, and Writing Sample before your name will be forwarded to the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board.\\n3. Joining Air Force ROTC in College\\n3-1. Connect with an Air Force ROTC admissions representative.\\nYour admissions representative will help you navigate the process of finding a college with a great ROTC program and applying. Your admissions representative is assigned by state. To find out who your representative is, visit the \\\"Contact Us\\\" page on the Air Force ROTC website (https://www.afrotc.com/) and then click \\\"Locate a Rep.\\\"\\n3-2. Find a college that offers an ROTC program.\\nSome colleges or universities are host universities, meaning they offer ROTC programs on their campus, while others are crosstown universities and require their students to take the ROTC classes at a host university. To find out which universities offer Air Force ROTC programs and which might be the best for you, you can use the College Locator on the Air Force ROTC website.\\n3-3. Apply for a scholarship by submitting an online application and forms.\\nAn application can be found online on the U.S. Air Force ROTC website and it must be turned in between June 1st and December 1st. After you’ve submitted the application, you’ll be able to download several forms that need to be filled out and uploaded by January 12th.\\nRequired forms include the form to acquire your transcript, a physical fitness test, and your test scores.\\n3-4. Schedule your interview with an Air Force Officer if selected.\\nIf you meet all of the qualifications, you’ll be contacted to begin setting up your interview with an Air Force Officer. Treat this interview as you might a job interview, and prepare for it beforehand.\\n3-5. Accept the scholarship offer by May 31st, if offered one.\\nIf the selection board decides to offer you a scholarship, you have until the end of May to accept it. Most of this process should take place electronically.\\nIf you aren’t given a scholarship, you’re still able to take ROTC classes during your first year of college.\\n3-6. Take all physical and medical exams.\\nOnce you accept the scholarship offer, you’re required to take a medical exam and meet specific physical standards. This includes meeting the Air Force’s specific weight and fitness standards, as well as certain health, height, and vision qualifications.\\n3-7. Meet the qualifications for the first section of Air Force ROTC.\\nThe first section of Air Force ROTC is the General Military Course, which you would complete during your freshman and sophomore years of college. To be part of this program, you need to be enrolled in an accredited college with an ROTC counterpart, be in good physical condition, have good moral character, be 14 years or older, and commit to taking the aerospace studies class as well as the Leadership Lab every semester.\\nIf you’re on scholarship, you need to be a U.S. citizen and be at least 17 years old.\\nFor a list of conditions that may affect your Air Force ROTC membership, visit the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.afrotc.com/scholarships/high-school/requirements/.\\n3-8. Enroll in the Professional Officer Course upon completion of the General Military Course.\\nIf you complete the General Military Course, you’re able to enroll in the Professional Officer Course after meeting a few requirements. This course is designed for your junior and senior years of college. Your GPA, input from your unit commander, and aptitude test scores will all help determine if you’re eligible for the Professional Officer Course.\\nSome of the qualifications include being a U.S. citizen, being of legal age or 17 years old with a parent’s consent, being in good academic standing, passing a physical and Air Force Officer Qualifying Test, and taking part in a field training course, among others.\\n4. Enlisting to Work Towards Becoming an Officer\\n4-1. Meet all of the basic requirements before enlisting as an Airman.\\nYou should be between 17 and 39 years old to be able to join, as well as a U.S. citizen or permanent, legal resident. You also need to have a high school diploma or have gotten your GED.\\n4-2. Go online to apply and submit an application.\\nTo show that you’re interested in enlisting, you’ll need to go online and fill out an application with some general information about yourself. Once you submit the online form, an Air Force recruiter will contact you and provide assistance if needed for the rest of the process.\\nApply at https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted.\\n4-3. Take the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\\nThe ASVAB test helps decide if you’re able to handle the mental demands of the Air Force. It also highlights your strengths, which will help point you in a direction of which career is best for you. You’ll be tested on arithmetic reasoning, work knowledge, paragraph comprehension, and mathematics knowledge.\\nYou can prepare for the ASVAB test by taking practice tests online, found on sites such as http://www.asvabpracticetests.com/.\\nIf you don't pass the test, you can wait one month before retaking it. If you don't pass that one, you can wait an additional month and retake the test a second time. You'll have to wait 6 months to take the test a fourth time.\\n4-4. Complete a physical and mental screening.\\nYour recruiter will help set up an appointment at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) so that you can take your physical and mental screening. During this time, you’ll need to give your jobs counselor a list of possible jobs and aptitude areas you’re qualified for or willing to train for. This list will help determine which Air Force career you pursue.\\n4-5. Go into the Delayed Entry Program to wait for Basic Military Training.\\nIf you pass all of the tests and become a part of the Air Force, you’ll have to wait a little while to be sent to Basic Military Training (BMT). When you’re waiting for your departure date in the Delayed Entry Program (DEP), you should start preparing for training by working out and conditioning.\\n\\nCreate a workout routine that includes running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching.\\nYou can be placed in the Delayed Entry Program for up to a year.\\n4-6. Obtain your unit commander's approval to begin training as an Officer.\\nOnce you're enlisted as an Airman, you'll work your way up towards becoming an Officer. To be cleared to begin the next phase of training as you prepare to become an Officer, you'll need your unit commander's approval, as well as other qualifications which can be found on the U.S. Air Force website.\\nVisit https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted-to-officer for more information.\\nTips\\nThe U.S. Air Force website, as well as the U.S. Air Force Academy and U.S. Air Force ROTC website, has very helpful information on the entire application process. They have detailed steps for how to get started and many different contacts you can use if you have questions or need assistance.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are four main ways to become an Air Force Officer. You can apply to go to Officer Training School, attend the Air Force Academy, go through Air Force ROTC in college, or enlist and work your way towards becoming an Officer. Each option has different requirements and advantages. No matter which path you choose, the Air Force has many valuable resources, both online and in person, to help you through the process.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enrolling in Officer Training School Post-College\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check to make sure you meet the qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"To jump right into Officer Training School, you need to have earned a college or postgraduate degree. You also must be between 18 and 39 years old and be a U.S. citizen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Submit an online application to get connected with a recruiter.\", \"描述\": \"Go to the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.airforce.com/ and click on \\\"Apply Now.\\\" This will take you to an application asking for some personal information about yourself. After submitting the form, you'll be connected with a recruiter who will help you through the rest of the process.\\nYou'll be asked for your name, contact information such as email and home address, and a little bit of information about your education.\\nYou'll be contacted by a recruiter shortly after filling out the application, either by email or phone.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study for and pass\", \"描述\": \"The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) is designed to test you on your skills. This includes your knowledge of math, how to communicate efficiently, and several other topics relating to the Air Force. The test is multiple choice and you can take it up to 2 times, so be sure to study and prepare plenty of time in advance.\\nYour recruiter will give you information on how to sign up for the AFOQT. To help prepare for the test, visit sites such as http://www.militaryaptitudetests.com/afoqt/.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go through a physical and mental screening.\", \"描述\": \"Being an Air Force Officer is both mentally and physically demanding, making it necessary for you to be checked beforehand to make sure you’re ready. To complete the screening, you’ll go to a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) where they will assess you.\\nYour recruiter should work with you to create an appointment for the screening.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait to be sent to Officer Training School after passing all of the requirements.\", \"描述\": \"If you completed the application process and are accepted into the Air Force by the selection board, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program. This will be the program you're in while you wait to be sent to Officer Training School.\\nIt’s recommended that you use this wait time to begin a physical fitness regimen to get in shape for the training program. You should include running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching into your routine.\\nPeople in the Delayed Entry Program are encouraged to attend meetings and classes at your local recruiting office.\\nYou can be in the Delayed Entry Program for 365 days at most.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go through the 9.5 week training program.\", \"描述\": \"Officer Training School is broken down into 4 phases and takes 9.5 weeks to complete. The 4 phases allow you to work on teamwork, discipline, the fundamentals of leadership, and many other important skills. For a complete list of the concepts worked on in each phase, you can visit https://www.airforce.com/education/military-training/ots.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attending the U.S. Air Force Academy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your eligibility.\", \"描述\": \"To enter into the U.S. Air Force Academy, you must be between 17 and 23 years old and a U.S. citizen. You can’t be married, and you shouldn’t have any dependents.\\nYou don't need to have gone to college to apply to the Air Force Academy, but you do need a high school diploma or GED.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find your Admissions Liaison Officer.\", \"描述\": \"Your Admissions Liaison Officer (ALO) is the person who will be helping you through the application process, answering any questions you might have. Your ALO is assigned to you depending on which high school you attend. To find your ALO, go online to the Air Force Academy website and select your high school. When you find your high school on the list, you’ll be given your ALO’s name and email address.\\nIf you don’t attend a high school, you can just search by state.\\nYour ALO is the person who will conduct your interview, so it’s best to start establishing a strong relationship with them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start your online U.S.\", \"描述\": \"Your online application is where most of the application process will take place. It will guide you through the process, giving you access to the questionnaires, prompts, general information questions, and several other parts of the application. To start your Air Force Academy application, visit https://admissions.usafa.edu/gateway/gateway.aspx.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for a nomination as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"To enter into the Air Force Academy, you must be given an official nomination by a person legally authorized to nominate you. Most candidates aim for Congressional or Vice Presidential nominations, meaning you would seek a nomination from your U.S. Senators and U.S. Representative, or the Vice President of the United States.\\nThe nomination process can take a long time, so it's best to start as soon as you start the application. The nomination is due January 31st.\\nFor more information on how to apply for a nomination, visit https://www.academyadmissions.com/admissions/the-application-process/nominations/.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit a Pre-Candidate Questionnaire by December 31st.\", \"描述\": \"The questionnaire will have questions regarding your class rank, high school GPA, and test scores. These questions, as well as some questions about your activities and personal situation, will be used to decide if you’re a candidate for admission. The Pre-Candidate Questionnaire can be started March 1st of your junior year of high school, and you should submit it by December 31st.\\nYou’ll be asked for your full name, birth date, social security number, and contact information, as well as the name of your high school and the class size.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Request transcripts\", \"描述\": \"Once you're notified that you’re now in the Candidate phase, you’ll need to request your transcripts and teacher evaluations. You’ll be given a request form to give to your high school counselor so that the Air Force Academy can have access to your high school transcripts. You’ll also need three teacher evaluations.\\nFor high schoolers, your three evaluations must be from your Math teacher, English teacher, and 1 other teacher — the best option would be a Science teacher. The evaluation from your English teacher needs to be from your 11th or 12th grade teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the Candidate Fitness Assessment.\", \"描述\": \"The Candidate Fitness Assessment (CFA) is a Pass/Fail test that you must pass to be considered for admission. Train for the 6 parts of the assessment: Basketball Throw, Pull-Ups/Flexed Arm Hang, Shuttle Run, Crunches, Push-Ups, and 1-Mile Run. You’ll need to find someone to administer the test for you.\\nYour high school gym teacher or sports coach would be a good examiner. You can also visit the website for help finding a qualified examiner, as well as for tips on how to train for the test.\\nIf you fail the CFA, you'll be notified and may have the opportunity to retake it to get better scores.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Fill out your extracurricular activities record.\", \"描述\": \"The Air Force Academy will want to find out which extracurriculars you’re involved in, including athletic activities as well as non-athletic activities. The activities you list don’t have to be activities you participate in only at school, but they can only be things that took place from 10th-12th grade.\\nChoosing activities where you showed leadership will be especially beneficial to your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Provide a writing sample.\", \"描述\": \"As with most other steps, your writing sample is part of your online application. You’ll be given three questions, and you must answer two of them. Try to use these questions to really show who you are as a person, and spend some time thinking about how you’d like to answer them. Make sure you proofread your answers before submitting them.\\nThe questions will have a word minimum of 250 or 400, with a maximum of 3,000 characters.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Take part in a personal interview with your ALO.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to contact your Admissions Liaison Officer to set up your interview. You should think of this interview as a job interview, putting your best foot forward and letting the selection panel get to know you.\\nPrepare for your interview beforehand by thinking out answers to probable questions.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Submit the Personal Data Record and Drug/Alcohol Abuse Statement.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll be required to disclose your personal record, such as any citations or arrests you’ve had. The Drug and Alcohol Abuse Certificate can’t be accessed until your ALO opens it for you. After you’ve talked to your ALO, complete this part of the application by reading everything carefully and filling in all of the required boxes.\\nThe instructions for opening the Drug and Alcohol Abuse Statement section can be given by your ALO either in person or over the phone.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Complete a medical evaluation.\", \"描述\": \"To make sure you’re healthy enough to join the Air Force, you’ll need to schedule a medical examination with the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board. It can take up to four months to complete this process, so be patient.\\nYou need to have completed the Fitness Assessment, Personal Data Record, Activities Record, Teacher Evaluations, and Writing Sample before your name will be forwarded to the Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Joining Air Force ROTC in College\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Connect with an Air Force ROTC admissions representative.\", \"描述\": \"Your admissions representative will help you navigate the process of finding a college with a great ROTC program and applying. Your admissions representative is assigned by state. To find out who your representative is, visit the \\\"Contact Us\\\" page on the Air Force ROTC website (https://www.afrotc.com/) and then click \\\"Locate a Rep.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a college that offers an ROTC program.\", \"描述\": \"Some colleges or universities are host universities, meaning they offer ROTC programs on their campus, while others are crosstown universities and require their students to take the ROTC classes at a host university. To find out which universities offer Air Force ROTC programs and which might be the best for you, you can use the College Locator on the Air Force ROTC website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for a scholarship by submitting an online application and forms.\", \"描述\": \"An application can be found online on the U.S. Air Force ROTC website and it must be turned in between June 1st and December 1st. After you’ve submitted the application, you’ll be able to download several forms that need to be filled out and uploaded by January 12th.\\nRequired forms include the form to acquire your transcript, a physical fitness test, and your test scores.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Schedule your interview with an Air Force Officer if selected.\", \"描述\": \"If you meet all of the qualifications, you’ll be contacted to begin setting up your interview with an Air Force Officer. Treat this interview as you might a job interview, and prepare for it beforehand.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Accept the scholarship offer by May 31st, if offered one.\", \"描述\": \"If the selection board decides to offer you a scholarship, you have until the end of May to accept it. Most of this process should take place electronically.\\nIf you aren’t given a scholarship, you’re still able to take ROTC classes during your first year of college.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take all physical and medical exams.\", \"描述\": \"Once you accept the scholarship offer, you’re required to take a medical exam and meet specific physical standards. This includes meeting the Air Force’s specific weight and fitness standards, as well as certain health, height, and vision qualifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Meet the qualifications for the first section of Air Force ROTC.\", \"描述\": \"The first section of Air Force ROTC is the General Military Course, which you would complete during your freshman and sophomore years of college. To be part of this program, you need to be enrolled in an accredited college with an ROTC counterpart, be in good physical condition, have good moral character, be 14 years or older, and commit to taking the aerospace studies class as well as the Leadership Lab every semester.\\nIf you’re on scholarship, you need to be a U.S. citizen and be at least 17 years old.\\nFor a list of conditions that may affect your Air Force ROTC membership, visit the U.S. Air Force website at https://www.afrotc.com/scholarships/high-school/requirements/.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Enroll in the Professional Officer Course upon completion of the General Military Course.\", \"描述\": \"If you complete the General Military Course, you’re able to enroll in the Professional Officer Course after meeting a few requirements. This course is designed for your junior and senior years of college. Your GPA, input from your unit commander, and aptitude test scores will all help determine if you’re eligible for the Professional Officer Course.\\nSome of the qualifications include being a U.S. citizen, being of legal age or 17 years old with a parent’s consent, being in good academic standing, passing a physical and Air Force Officer Qualifying Test, and taking part in a field training course, among others.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enlisting to Work Towards Becoming an Officer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet all of the basic requirements before enlisting as an Airman.\", \"描述\": \"You should be between 17 and 39 years old to be able to join, as well as a U.S. citizen or permanent, legal resident. You also need to have a high school diploma or have gotten your GED.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go online to apply and submit an application.\", \"描述\": \"To show that you’re interested in enlisting, you’ll need to go online and fill out an application with some general information about yourself. Once you submit the online form, an Air Force recruiter will contact you and provide assistance if needed for the rest of the process.\\nApply at https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\", \"描述\": \"The ASVAB test helps decide if you’re able to handle the mental demands of the Air Force. It also highlights your strengths, which will help point you in a direction of which career is best for you. You’ll be tested on arithmetic reasoning, work knowledge, paragraph comprehension, and mathematics knowledge.\\nYou can prepare for the ASVAB test by taking practice tests online, found on sites such as http://www.asvabpracticetests.com/.\\nIf you don't pass the test, you can wait one month before retaking it. If you don't pass that one, you can wait an additional month and retake the test a second time. You'll have to wait 6 months to take the test a fourth time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a physical and mental screening.\", \"描述\": \"Your recruiter will help set up an appointment at a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) so that you can take your physical and mental screening. During this time, you’ll need to give your jobs counselor a list of possible jobs and aptitude areas you’re qualified for or willing to train for. This list will help determine which Air Force career you pursue.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go into the Delayed Entry Program to wait for Basic Military Training.\", \"描述\": \"If you pass all of the tests and become a part of the Air Force, you’ll have to wait a little while to be sent to Basic Military Training (BMT). When you’re waiting for your departure date in the Delayed Entry Program (DEP), you should start preparing for training by working out and conditioning.\\n\\nCreate a workout routine that includes running, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching.\\nYou can be placed in the Delayed Entry Program for up to a year.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Obtain your unit commander's approval to begin training as an Officer.\", \"描述\": \"Once you're enlisted as an Airman, you'll work your way up towards becoming an Officer. To be cleared to begin the next phase of training as you prepare to become an Officer, you'll need your unit commander's approval, as well as other qualifications which can be found on the U.S. Air Force website.\\nVisit https://www.airforce.com/how-to-join/process/enlisted-to-officer for more information.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The U.S. Air Force website, as well as the U.S. Air Force Academy and U.S. Air Force ROTC website, has very helpful information on the entire application process. They have detailed steps for how to get started and many different contacts you can use if you have questions or need assistance.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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wikihow
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5,918 |
How to Become an Air Force Pilot
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1. Meeting the Basic Requirements
1-1. Meet the basic age and citizenship requirements.
In order to join the U.S. Air Force, you should first become a commissioned officer, and then a pilot. For this, you must be between 18 and 28 years old. You also must be a native-born or naturalized U.S. citizen.
1-2. Qualify for the weight and height requirements.
Ideally, you should have a standing height of 64 inches (160 cm) to 77 inches (200 cm), and a sitting height of 34 inches (86 cm) to 40 inches (100 cm). You must be within the ideal weight range for your height based on the chart available at https://careers.airforce.com/height-weight/. You should be at least 5 pounds (2.3 kg) under the maximum weight based on your height.
For instance, if the maximum weight is 186 pounds (84 kg), you need to be at 181 pounds (82 kg) or less (with a minimum of 128 pounds (58 kg)).
1-3. Meet the criteria for healthy vision.
As sight is the key sense to successfully maneuvering aircraft, the U.S. Air Force pays a great amount of attention to vision requirements. In order to apply, you must have normal color vision, and meet refraction, accommodation, and astigmatism requirements.
Your uncorrected distant vision should not exceed 20/200, and your uncorrected near vision should not exceed 20/40.
Both your distant and near vision should correct to 20/20 or better.
1-4. Check your medical history.
If you had hay fever, asthma, or allergies after age 12, you won’t be eligible to apply to the Air Force. Similarly, any kind of corrective eye surgery might be a disqualifier as well.
1-5. Have a clear criminal record.
It’s very important to have an almost clear criminal record in order to qualify for the Air Force. Even having a lot of traffic-related law violations within a year can impact your eligibility. Of course, contact your recruiter if you have any questions.
2. Completing Different Training Programs
2-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree before applying to become an officer.
You may choose to go to college before joining the Air Force. There is no requirement as in what you should study in college, but taking technical or engineering-related classes may help with the knowledge you’ll need in training. Your GPA is very important as part of the selection process, so make sure you study hard for your classes.
When you take rigorous coursework that's relevant to a prestigious program you want to be accepted into, you're more likely to stand out and be accepted as a candidate. You'll seem prepared for all the demands of your chosen field.
2-2. Join the Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (AFROTC) in college if you want a head start.
Instead of waiting to finish an undergraduate and/or graduate program, you can join AFROTC during college, and get started on your military training early on.
AFROTC offers three- and four-year scholarships for those who want to go to a college of their choice before joining the Air Force. To be eligible, you must have a high school GPA of 3.0 or above, and high test scores on SAT or ACT.
If you fully apply yourself when you're in a special undergraduate program, the transfer process to a graduate program will be a lot more seamless.
2-3. Attend the Air Force Academy (AFA) if you want to attend a military academy.
Instead of going to a non-military college, apply to AFA for a multidimensional education that includes academics, military training, and athletics. Similar to AFROTC scholarships, admission to AFA requires many factors, including very good high school grades, along with high SAT or ACT scores.
You may also wish to be selective about your extracurriculars. Certain sports or volunteer activities may boost your chances of coming across as the best candidate for your program.
2-4. Skip college and enlist as an Airman right after high school to speed things up.
You can decide to enlist immediately after earning your high school diploma or GED, which will allow you to earn credits at the community college of the Air Force while learning a job integral to your future as a pilot. If you want to get your hands dirty early on and train faster, this might be the right choice for you.
Apply through the U.S. Air Force website at http://www.airforce.com/apply-now.
Enlisting as an Airman will take you through a process of tests, screenings, and Basic Military Training (BMT) before following the next steps and applying for officership.
2-5. Take the Air Force Qualifying Test (AFQT) after earning a bachelor’s degree.
In order to become an Air Force Officer, you must first pass the AFQT, which is a multiple-choice test consisting of verbal and math questions for specific areas of interest. You’re only allowed to take this test twice, so it’s very important that you study well and prepare in advance.
You should also take the Test of Basic Aviation Skills (TBAS) that will result in a Pilot Selection Candidate Method (PSCM) score.
2-6. Go through physical and mental screening.
After taking AFQT, your local recruiter will contact you for an appointment at a nearby Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for a screening. This will be an examination for the physical and moral requirements set by the Air Force, the Department of Defense, and federal law.
2-7. Pass the Selection Board.
Once you pass the screening, you’ll need to be reviewed by the Officer Training School Selection Board or Air Force Recruiting Services in order to determine if you’re a good fit to become an officer. The review process consists of objective factors such as test results and GPA, as well as subjective factors set forth by the board.
2-8. Prepare for Officer Training by starting to work out 6 weeks in advance.
Once you’ve passed all the requirements and are accepted into the Air Force, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program (DEP). This means that you’ll have a departure date for Officer Training School or Commissioned Officer Training, which are both physically intense programs. During this waiting period, you should be working on your physical conditioning in order to prepare in advance.
It’s best to start working on physical conditioning at least 6 weeks before your departure date. Work out for 3 to 5 times a week to gain endurance and strength.
2-9. Complete the Officer Training School.
You should complete a nine-and-a-half week program at the Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, which is organized into four phases intended to mentally and physically challenge you. These phases are indoctrination, development, application, and transition.
In the last phase, you’ll transition from training environments into the operational Air Force. At the end, you will graduate from the Officer Training program.
3. Completing Further Training to Become a Pilot
3-1. Pass an Air Force Physical to be Pilot Qualified (PQ).
This is a physical screening, mainly focused on vision. Once you pass the vision requirements, you will attend the Initial Flight Screening (IFS) in Pueblo, Colorado, where you will fly 25 hours in the Diamond Aircraft DA-20 for a duration of 40 days.
At the end of the training, you’ll do a test ride to show your competency in about 20 basic flight maneuvers.
3-2. Attend the 1-year-long Air Force Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT).
All of the past examinations, grades, and ratings will culminate in an “order of merit” score, which will determine if you’re eligible to join the SUPT. Once you gain a slot, you’ll complete a 52-week-long program with three phases: academics, primary aircraft training, and advanced aircraft training.
Once you successfully complete the Phase 3 of SUPT, you will be awarded the official title of “Pilot” and receive your silver pilot wings.
3-3. Commit to a 10-year active duty service.
Since the SUPT costs close to $1,000,000 per student covered by the Air Force, each pilot is expected to incur a 10-year active duty service commitment when they finish the training and pin the silver wings. This means that you’ll be committed to working for the Air Force for the next decade.
3-4. Complete additional training and move to your permanent duty station.
As a new pilot, you will need to complete additional training programs such as water survival or Survival Evasion Resistance and Escape training. Afterwards, you’ll go to your Replacement Training Unit (RTU) for 3 to 6 months of additional training. Then you will be able to move on to your permanent duty station.
Tips
Get in shape. The trainings will be much, much easier if you are in good physical shape. Review the Air Force physical fitness standards for help in structuring a workout routine to whip yourself into shape.
Discipline and diligence are essential in the U.S. Air Force (AF). Before you consider this career option, make sure you’re prepared for years of rigorous mental and physical work.
Remember, the AF considers a "whole person" concept when reviewing potential applications for pilot selection. This means that while your scores (GPA, AFOQT, etc.) may count for a portion, they will also be reviewing your leadership experience, community service experience, and other qualifications that help promote you as a leader.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Meet the basic age and citizenship requirements.\\nIn order to join the U.S. Air Force, you should first become a commissioned officer, and then a pilot. For this, you must be between 18 and 28 years old. You also must be a native-born or naturalized U.S. citizen.\\n1-2. Qualify for the weight and height requirements.\\nIdeally, you should have a standing height of 64 inches (160 cm) to 77 inches (200 cm), and a sitting height of 34 inches (86 cm) to 40 inches (100 cm). You must be within the ideal weight range for your height based on the chart available at https://careers.airforce.com/height-weight/. You should be at least 5 pounds (2.3 kg) under the maximum weight based on your height.\\nFor instance, if the maximum weight is 186 pounds (84 kg), you need to be at 181 pounds (82 kg) or less (with a minimum of 128 pounds (58 kg)).\\n1-3. Meet the criteria for healthy vision.\\nAs sight is the key sense to successfully maneuvering aircraft, the U.S. Air Force pays a great amount of attention to vision requirements. In order to apply, you must have normal color vision, and meet refraction, accommodation, and astigmatism requirements.\\nYour uncorrected distant vision should not exceed 20/200, and your uncorrected near vision should not exceed 20/40.\\nBoth your distant and near vision should correct to 20/20 or better.\\n1-4. Check your medical history.\\nIf you had hay fever, asthma, or allergies after age 12, you won’t be eligible to apply to the Air Force. Similarly, any kind of corrective eye surgery might be a disqualifier as well.\\n1-5. Have a clear criminal record.\\nIt’s very important to have an almost clear criminal record in order to qualify for the Air Force. Even having a lot of traffic-related law violations within a year can impact your eligibility. Of course, contact your recruiter if you have any questions.\\n2. Completing Different Training Programs\\n2-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree before applying to become an officer.\\nYou may choose to go to college before joining the Air Force. There is no requirement as in what you should study in college, but taking technical or engineering-related classes may help with the knowledge you’ll need in training. Your GPA is very important as part of the selection process, so make sure you study hard for your classes.\\nWhen you take rigorous coursework that's relevant to a prestigious program you want to be accepted into, you're more likely to stand out and be accepted as a candidate. You'll seem prepared for all the demands of your chosen field.\\n2-2. Join the Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (AFROTC) in college if you want a head start.\\nInstead of waiting to finish an undergraduate and/or graduate program, you can join AFROTC during college, and get started on your military training early on.\\nAFROTC offers three- and four-year scholarships for those who want to go to a college of their choice before joining the Air Force. To be eligible, you must have a high school GPA of 3.0 or above, and high test scores on SAT or ACT.\\nIf you fully apply yourself when you're in a special undergraduate program, the transfer process to a graduate program will be a lot more seamless.\\n2-3. Attend the Air Force Academy (AFA) if you want to attend a military academy.\\nInstead of going to a non-military college, apply to AFA for a multidimensional education that includes academics, military training, and athletics. Similar to AFROTC scholarships, admission to AFA requires many factors, including very good high school grades, along with high SAT or ACT scores.\\nYou may also wish to be selective about your extracurriculars. Certain sports or volunteer activities may boost your chances of coming across as the best candidate for your program.\\n2-4. Skip college and enlist as an Airman right after high school to speed things up.\\nYou can decide to enlist immediately after earning your high school diploma or GED, which will allow you to earn credits at the community college of the Air Force while learning a job integral to your future as a pilot. If you want to get your hands dirty early on and train faster, this might be the right choice for you.\\nApply through the U.S. Air Force website at http://www.airforce.com/apply-now.\\nEnlisting as an Airman will take you through a process of tests, screenings, and Basic Military Training (BMT) before following the next steps and applying for officership.\\n2-5. Take the Air Force Qualifying Test (AFQT) after earning a bachelor’s degree.\\nIn order to become an Air Force Officer, you must first pass the AFQT, which is a multiple-choice test consisting of verbal and math questions for specific areas of interest. You’re only allowed to take this test twice, so it’s very important that you study well and prepare in advance.\\nYou should also take the Test of Basic Aviation Skills (TBAS) that will result in a Pilot Selection Candidate Method (PSCM) score.\\n2-6. Go through physical and mental screening.\\nAfter taking AFQT, your local recruiter will contact you for an appointment at a nearby Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for a screening. This will be an examination for the physical and moral requirements set by the Air Force, the Department of Defense, and federal law.\\n2-7. Pass the Selection Board.\\nOnce you pass the screening, you’ll need to be reviewed by the Officer Training School Selection Board or Air Force Recruiting Services in order to determine if you’re a good fit to become an officer. The review process consists of objective factors such as test results and GPA, as well as subjective factors set forth by the board.\\n2-8. Prepare for Officer Training by starting to work out 6 weeks in advance.\\nOnce you’ve passed all the requirements and are accepted into the Air Force, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program (DEP). This means that you’ll have a departure date for Officer Training School or Commissioned Officer Training, which are both physically intense programs. During this waiting period, you should be working on your physical conditioning in order to prepare in advance.\\nIt’s best to start working on physical conditioning at least 6 weeks before your departure date. Work out for 3 to 5 times a week to gain endurance and strength.\\n2-9. Complete the Officer Training School.\\nYou should complete a nine-and-a-half week program at the Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, which is organized into four phases intended to mentally and physically challenge you. These phases are indoctrination, development, application, and transition.\\nIn the last phase, you’ll transition from training environments into the operational Air Force. At the end, you will graduate from the Officer Training program.\\n3. Completing Further Training to Become a Pilot\\n3-1. Pass an Air Force Physical to be Pilot Qualified (PQ).\\nThis is a physical screening, mainly focused on vision. Once you pass the vision requirements, you will attend the Initial Flight Screening (IFS) in Pueblo, Colorado, where you will fly 25 hours in the Diamond Aircraft DA-20 for a duration of 40 days.\\nAt the end of the training, you’ll do a test ride to show your competency in about 20 basic flight maneuvers.\\n3-2. Attend the 1-year-long Air Force Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT).\\nAll of the past examinations, grades, and ratings will culminate in an “order of merit” score, which will determine if you’re eligible to join the SUPT. Once you gain a slot, you’ll complete a 52-week-long program with three phases: academics, primary aircraft training, and advanced aircraft training.\\nOnce you successfully complete the Phase 3 of SUPT, you will be awarded the official title of “Pilot” and receive your silver pilot wings.\\n3-3. Commit to a 10-year active duty service.\\nSince the SUPT costs close to $1,000,000 per student covered by the Air Force, each pilot is expected to incur a 10-year active duty service commitment when they finish the training and pin the silver wings. This means that you’ll be committed to working for the Air Force for the next decade.\\n3-4. Complete additional training and move to your permanent duty station.\\nAs a new pilot, you will need to complete additional training programs such as water survival or Survival Evasion Resistance and Escape training. Afterwards, you’ll go to your Replacement Training Unit (RTU) for 3 to 6 months of additional training. Then you will be able to move on to your permanent duty station.\\nTips\\nGet in shape. The trainings will be much, much easier if you are in good physical shape. Review the Air Force physical fitness standards for help in structuring a workout routine to whip yourself into shape.\\nDiscipline and diligence are essential in the U.S. Air Force (AF). Before you consider this career option, make sure you’re prepared for years of rigorous mental and physical work.\\nRemember, the AF considers a \\\"whole person\\\" concept when reviewing potential applications for pilot selection. This means that while your scores (GPA, AFOQT, etc.) may count for a portion, they will also be reviewing your leadership experience, community service experience, and other qualifications that help promote you as a leader.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Is your dream to become a pilot in the United States Air Force? Do you want to be flying aircraft with a mission to defend your country? Becoming an Air Force pilot involves a long and exciting journey filled with rigorous training programs, as well as plenty of time above the clouds. Keep your good grades up in high school and college, get a bachelor’s degree, get in great physical shape, and complete the necessary tests and training programs in order to receive your silver wings!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the basic age and citizenship requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In order to join the U.S. Air Force, you should first become a commissioned officer, and then a pilot. For this, you must be between 18 and 28 years old. You also must be a native-born or naturalized U.S. citizen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Qualify for the weight and height requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Ideally, you should have a standing height of 64 inches (160 cm) to 77 inches (200 cm), and a sitting height of 34 inches (86 cm) to 40 inches (100 cm). You must be within the ideal weight range for your height based on the chart available at https://careers.airforce.com/height-weight/. You should be at least 5 pounds (2.3 kg) under the maximum weight based on your height.\\nFor instance, if the maximum weight is 186 pounds (84 kg), you need to be at 181 pounds (82 kg) or less (with a minimum of 128 pounds (58 kg)).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet the criteria for healthy vision.\", \"描述\": \"As sight is the key sense to successfully maneuvering aircraft, the U.S. Air Force pays a great amount of attention to vision requirements. In order to apply, you must have normal color vision, and meet refraction, accommodation, and astigmatism requirements.\\nYour uncorrected distant vision should not exceed 20/200, and your uncorrected near vision should not exceed 20/40.\\nBoth your distant and near vision should correct to 20/20 or better.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check your medical history.\", \"描述\": \"If you had hay fever, asthma, or allergies after age 12, you won’t be eligible to apply to the Air Force. Similarly, any kind of corrective eye surgery might be a disqualifier as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have a clear criminal record.\", \"描述\": \"It’s very important to have an almost clear criminal record in order to qualify for the Air Force. Even having a lot of traffic-related law violations within a year can impact your eligibility. Of course, contact your recruiter if you have any questions.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Different Training Programs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree before applying to become an officer.\", \"描述\": \"You may choose to go to college before joining the Air Force. There is no requirement as in what you should study in college, but taking technical or engineering-related classes may help with the knowledge you’ll need in training. Your GPA is very important as part of the selection process, so make sure you study hard for your classes.\\nWhen you take rigorous coursework that's relevant to a prestigious program you want to be accepted into, you're more likely to stand out and be accepted as a candidate. You'll seem prepared for all the demands of your chosen field.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join the Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (AFROTC) in college if you want a head start.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of waiting to finish an undergraduate and/or graduate program, you can join AFROTC during college, and get started on your military training early on.\\nAFROTC offers three- and four-year scholarships for those who want to go to a college of their choice before joining the Air Force. To be eligible, you must have a high school GPA of 3.0 or above, and high test scores on SAT or ACT.\\nIf you fully apply yourself when you're in a special undergraduate program, the transfer process to a graduate program will be a lot more seamless.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend the Air Force Academy (AFA) if you want to attend a military academy.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of going to a non-military college, apply to AFA for a multidimensional education that includes academics, military training, and athletics. Similar to AFROTC scholarships, admission to AFA requires many factors, including very good high school grades, along with high SAT or ACT scores.\\nYou may also wish to be selective about your extracurriculars. Certain sports or volunteer activities may boost your chances of coming across as the best candidate for your program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Skip college and enlist as an Airman right after high school to speed things up.\", \"描述\": \"You can decide to enlist immediately after earning your high school diploma or GED, which will allow you to earn credits at the community college of the Air Force while learning a job integral to your future as a pilot. If you want to get your hands dirty early on and train faster, this might be the right choice for you.\\nApply through the U.S. Air Force website at http://www.airforce.com/apply-now.\\nEnlisting as an Airman will take you through a process of tests, screenings, and Basic Military Training (BMT) before following the next steps and applying for officership.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the Air Force Qualifying Test (AFQT) after earning a bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become an Air Force Officer, you must first pass the AFQT, which is a multiple-choice test consisting of verbal and math questions for specific areas of interest. You’re only allowed to take this test twice, so it’s very important that you study well and prepare in advance.\\nYou should also take the Test of Basic Aviation Skills (TBAS) that will result in a Pilot Selection Candidate Method (PSCM) score.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go through physical and mental screening.\", \"描述\": \"After taking AFQT, your local recruiter will contact you for an appointment at a nearby Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for a screening. This will be an examination for the physical and moral requirements set by the Air Force, the Department of Defense, and federal law.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass the Selection Board.\", \"描述\": \"Once you pass the screening, you’ll need to be reviewed by the Officer Training School Selection Board or Air Force Recruiting Services in order to determine if you’re a good fit to become an officer. The review process consists of objective factors such as test results and GPA, as well as subjective factors set forth by the board.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Prepare for Officer Training by starting to work out 6 weeks in advance.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve passed all the requirements and are accepted into the Air Force, you’ll go into the Delayed Entry Program (DEP). This means that you’ll have a departure date for Officer Training School or Commissioned Officer Training, which are both physically intense programs. During this waiting period, you should be working on your physical conditioning in order to prepare in advance.\\nIt’s best to start working on physical conditioning at least 6 weeks before your departure date. Work out for 3 to 5 times a week to gain endurance and strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Complete the Officer Training School.\", \"描述\": \"You should complete a nine-and-a-half week program at the Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, which is organized into four phases intended to mentally and physically challenge you. These phases are indoctrination, development, application, and transition.\\nIn the last phase, you’ll transition from training environments into the operational Air Force. At the end, you will graduate from the Officer Training program.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Further Training to Become a Pilot\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass an Air Force Physical to be Pilot Qualified (PQ).\", \"描述\": \"This is a physical screening, mainly focused on vision. Once you pass the vision requirements, you will attend the Initial Flight Screening (IFS) in Pueblo, Colorado, where you will fly 25 hours in the Diamond Aircraft DA-20 for a duration of 40 days.\\nAt the end of the training, you’ll do a test ride to show your competency in about 20 basic flight maneuvers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend the 1-year-long Air Force Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training (SUPT).\", \"描述\": \"All of the past examinations, grades, and ratings will culminate in an “order of merit” score, which will determine if you’re eligible to join the SUPT. Once you gain a slot, you’ll complete a 52-week-long program with three phases: academics, primary aircraft training, and advanced aircraft training.\\nOnce you successfully complete the Phase 3 of SUPT, you will be awarded the official title of “Pilot” and receive your silver pilot wings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Commit to a 10-year active duty service.\", \"描述\": \"Since the SUPT costs close to $1,000,000 per student covered by the Air Force, each pilot is expected to incur a 10-year active duty service commitment when they finish the training and pin the silver wings. This means that you’ll be committed to working for the Air Force for the next decade.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete additional training and move to your permanent duty station.\", \"描述\": \"As a new pilot, you will need to complete additional training programs such as water survival or Survival Evasion Resistance and Escape training. Afterwards, you’ll go to your Replacement Training Unit (RTU) for 3 to 6 months of additional training. Then you will be able to move on to your permanent duty station.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Get in shape. The trainings will be much, much easier if you are in good physical shape. Review the Air Force physical fitness standards for help in structuring a workout routine to whip yourself into shape.\\n\", \"Discipline and diligence are essential in the U.S. Air Force (AF). Before you consider this career option, make sure you’re prepared for years of rigorous mental and physical work.\\n\", \"Remember, the AF considers a \\\"whole person\\\" concept when reviewing potential applications for pilot selection. This means that while your scores (GPA, AFOQT, etc.) may count for a portion, they will also be reviewing your leadership experience, community service experience, and other qualifications that help promote you as a leader.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,919 |
How to Become an Airbnb Photographer
|
1. Get experience in interior photography.
Interior photography is a little bit different than other photography.
Make sure you have knowledge about staging sets, light coming in from windows, and how to edit interior shots. With those skills, you can build your portfolio and be a great Airbnb photographer!
Airbnb will ask the hosts to stage their set, but you may have to do some rearranging depending on your lighting needs.
2. Create an online portfolio.
Compile your best shots on your personal website or portfolio page.
Make sure you highlight your interior, architectural, and editorial work so Airbnb can tell that you’re right for the job. It’s up to you how many photos to include, but try to give a wide range of your skillset.
Airbnb specifies that Instagram and Facebook portfolios will not be accepted, so make sure you’re using a professional website.
3. Buy a camera, lens, and tripod.
All your equipment has to be professional-grade.
Airbnb’s photography listing asks you to have a professional-grade DSLR/Mirrorless camera with Full-frame or APS-C sensor and resolution of 16+mp, an ultra-wide zoom lens with a focal length range that includes 16-20mm (Full-frame) 10-12mm (APS-C), and a professional-grade tripod.
As long as your equipment meets that criteria, the brand, model, and make of your camera and lens is up to you.
4. Get access to high speed internet.
You’ll be uploading photos to Airbnb’s website to get paid.
Make sure you have reliable internet access that can upload high resolution files on a consistent basis. The photos will go through a vetting process before they’re accepted, which is why it’s important to keep the resolution high.
You might also have to send and receive emails, get feedback, and chat with other Airbnb employees online.
5. Have reliable transportation around your area.
Most listings will be within a few miles of your home.
Make sure you can get to job locations in a timely manner and take your camera equipment with you. Airbnb may cover some of your transportation fees if you need them to.
Keep in mind that you’ll be lugging around a camera, lens, and tripod to every job (which can be tough without a car or public transportation).
6. Submit an application online.
Airbnb will review your portfolio and your online information.
The application asks you questions about your experience, your skillset, what kind of equipment you own, and where you live. You can submit your application online to start the process of freelancing for Airbnb.
Airbnb doesn’t specify how long their application process takes, so it could be a few weeks before you hear back.
To submit your application online, visit the website.
Tips
While the pay can vary, most jobs are a flat-rate of $50 to $100.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Get experience in interior photography.\\nInterior photography is a little bit different than other photography.\\nMake sure you have knowledge about staging sets, light coming in from windows, and how to edit interior shots. With those skills, you can build your portfolio and be a great Airbnb photographer!\\nAirbnb will ask the hosts to stage their set, but you may have to do some rearranging depending on your lighting needs.\\n2. Create an online portfolio.\\nCompile your best shots on your personal website or portfolio page.\\nMake sure you highlight your interior, architectural, and editorial work so Airbnb can tell that you’re right for the job. It’s up to you how many photos to include, but try to give a wide range of your skillset.\\nAirbnb specifies that Instagram and Facebook portfolios will not be accepted, so make sure you’re using a professional website.\\n3. Buy a camera, lens, and tripod.\\nAll your equipment has to be professional-grade.\\nAirbnb’s photography listing asks you to have a professional-grade DSLR/Mirrorless camera with Full-frame or APS-C sensor and resolution of 16+mp, an ultra-wide zoom lens with a focal length range that includes 16-20mm (Full-frame) 10-12mm (APS-C), and a professional-grade tripod.\\nAs long as your equipment meets that criteria, the brand, model, and make of your camera and lens is up to you.\\n4. Get access to high speed internet.\\nYou’ll be uploading photos to Airbnb’s website to get paid.\\nMake sure you have reliable internet access that can upload high resolution files on a consistent basis. The photos will go through a vetting process before they’re accepted, which is why it’s important to keep the resolution high.\\nYou might also have to send and receive emails, get feedback, and chat with other Airbnb employees online.\\n5. Have reliable transportation around your area.\\nMost listings will be within a few miles of your home.\\nMake sure you can get to job locations in a timely manner and take your camera equipment with you. Airbnb may cover some of your transportation fees if you need them to.\\nKeep in mind that you’ll be lugging around a camera, lens, and tripod to every job (which can be tough without a car or public transportation).\\n6. Submit an application online.\\nAirbnb will review your portfolio and your online information.\\nThe application asks you questions about your experience, your skillset, what kind of equipment you own, and where you live. You can submit your application online to start the process of freelancing for Airbnb.\\nAirbnb doesn’t specify how long their application process takes, so it could be a few weeks before you hear back.\\nTo submit your application online, visit the website.\\nTips\\nWhile the pay can vary, most jobs are a flat-rate of $50 to $100.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re a photographer and you’re looking to make a little extra money on the side, becoming an Airbnb photographer might be the gig for you. With this freelance job, you can go to people’s Airbnb sites and take professional photos to use for listings and posts. It’s flexible, independent work that you can do on your own time—all you have to do is apply online.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get experience in interior photography.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Interior photography is a little bit different than other photography.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you have knowledge about staging sets, light coming in from windows, and how to edit interior shots. With those skills, you can build your portfolio and be a great Airbnb photographer!\\nAirbnb will ask the hosts to stage their set, but you may have to do some rearranging depending on your lighting needs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create an online portfolio.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Compile your best shots on your personal website or portfolio page.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you highlight your interior, architectural, and editorial work so Airbnb can tell that you’re right for the job. It’s up to you how many photos to include, but try to give a wide range of your skillset.\\nAirbnb specifies that Instagram and Facebook portfolios will not be accepted, so make sure you’re using a professional website.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Buy a camera, lens, and tripod.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"All your equipment has to be professional-grade.\", \"描述\": \"Airbnb’s photography listing asks you to have a professional-grade DSLR/Mirrorless camera with Full-frame or APS-C sensor and resolution of 16+mp, an ultra-wide zoom lens with a focal length range that includes 16-20mm (Full-frame) 10-12mm (APS-C), and a professional-grade tripod.\\nAs long as your equipment meets that criteria, the brand, model, and make of your camera and lens is up to you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get access to high speed internet.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You’ll be uploading photos to Airbnb’s website to get paid.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you have reliable internet access that can upload high resolution files on a consistent basis. The photos will go through a vetting process before they’re accepted, which is why it’s important to keep the resolution high.\\nYou might also have to send and receive emails, get feedback, and chat with other Airbnb employees online.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have reliable transportation around your area.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Most listings will be within a few miles of your home.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you can get to job locations in a timely manner and take your camera equipment with you. Airbnb may cover some of your transportation fees if you need them to.\\nKeep in mind that you’ll be lugging around a camera, lens, and tripod to every job (which can be tough without a car or public transportation).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Submit an application online.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Airbnb will review your portfolio and your online information.\", \"描述\": \"The application asks you questions about your experience, your skillset, what kind of equipment you own, and where you live. You can submit your application online to start the process of freelancing for Airbnb.\\nAirbnb doesn’t specify how long their application process takes, so it could be a few weeks before you hear back.\\nTo submit your application online, visit the website.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"While the pay can vary, most jobs are a flat-rate of $50 to $100.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,920 |
How to Become an Aircraft Mechanic
|
1. Acquiring Work Experience as a Civilian
1-1. Go to school.
There are 170 Aviation Maintenance Technician schools in the US, that are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Programs usually last 12 to 24 months, and most require a high school degree or a GED.
Graduation qualifies you to sit for the FAA exams required for certification.
Graduates often earn higher salaries than mechanics who get their experience through apprenticeship or the military.
1-2. Work as an apprentice.
If you do not have a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), you can still work on avionics equipment in a limited capacity. You'll need 18 months of practical, on-the-job experience for each type of certificate (power plant or airframes), or 30 months total to get both certificates.
You will be allowed to work only under direct supervision of someone who has an FAA mechanic's license.
You'll be required to produce proof of the work you did – pay stubs, and a letter from your employer – before you can take the FAA tests.
You will not be authorized to approve planes, engines, appliances, or parts to be returned to service. Someone with a license will need to sign off on that.
Without a license, you will be restricted to basic mechanical work, and will not advance to higher levels in the business.
1-3. Prepare yourself for a challenging work environment.
Avionics mechanics can earn very good salaries, and the work tends to be interesting and varied. However, there are pros and cons that you should be aware of if you are considering this career path.
You'll be using sophisticated equipment and potentially dangerous power tools.
New mechanics are usually expected to work weekends and nights, because work is needed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The better shifts go to mechanics with seniority.
You'll be working in environments where the noise levels are extremely high.
The work is very physical and involves climbing, crawling, and carrying heavy parts.
You will work against tight deadlines – the planes need to be ready on time, every time. This can be very stressful for some people.
2. Acquiring Work Experience through the Armed Forces
2-1. Choose an approved job speciality.
Your practical experience in the military is only applicable to certification if it's one of the specific jobs that has been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). You'll need to contact your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for a list of these jobs, because the list changes without notice. Your military recruiter should also be familiar with specific job listings for FAA certification requirements.
Each branch of the military has its own job codes. There are more than 50 MOS codes for the Air Force that describe jobs that are reported as being FAA-approved work experience.
The US Army has around 20 specific MOS job codes that qualify, including: 15N10/30 (Avionics Mechanic, Airframe experience), 15M10/30 (UH-1 Helicopter Repairer, Airframe and Powerplant experience), and 15B10/30 (Aircraft Powerplant Repairer, Powerplant experience).
2-2. Contact a military recruiter.
If you believe you meet the basic requirements for US military eligibility, you can get in touch with your local recruitment office at military.com. Basic military requirements are:
Be a US citizen or resident alien.
You'll need to be at least 18, or 17 with permission from your legal guardian.
Most jobs require a high school diploma (there are a few that will allow a GED, but not many.)
You'll need to be in good physical and mental condition, and pass medical examinations.
You will need to pass two separate drug tests.
For the Air Force, you must also have an AFQT score of at least 50, be between 17 and 27 years old, and have no more than two dependents.
For the Army, you must be between 17 and 34, have no more than two dependents, and have a minimum AFQT score of 31.
For the Marines, you must be between the ages of 17 and 29, and have a minimum score of 32 on the AFQT. Women are allowed to serve in all jobs except combat positions.
For the Navy, you must be between 17 an 34, and have a minimum AFQT score of 50. Women are allowed to sign up for any job except the Navy Seals and positions on submarines.
2-3. Work as an aircraft mechanic in the military.
Jobs vary in each branch of the US military, so you will need to speak to a recruiter to get specific details about aircraft mechanic positions. Each branch of the military has its own basic requirements for enlisting.
Certain occupations have additional requirements beyond the basics, such as a certain score on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.
You may need to demonstrate aptitude in math, science, and technology to convince a recruiter you'd do well as an avionics mechanic (through test scores or your school transcript).
2-4. Get an official letter from your superior.
When you leave the service, you'll need to get a letter from your boss listing the types of aircraft and engines you worked on, and how many hours of practical experience you received. Training time does not count toward practical experience hours, only actual hours worked.
3. Obtaining Aircraft Mechanic Certification
3-1. Pass the oral and practical examinations.
Once you have obtained the required amount of practical training, you will need to pass three tests administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
A Designated Mechanic Examiner will test your practical skills.
The Examiner will also administer an oral exam – you'll answer his questions in person, while he takes notes.
There are 43 different technical topics that you'll need to be familiar with in order to pass these tests.
For a single certificate exam (airframe or power plant), expect the test to last about 8 hours.
3-2. Pass the written exam.
You will need to go to your local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) office and submit proof that you have all the required experience for certification. If the FAA inspector determines that you are eligible to take the written exam, you can schedule your exam at one of the approved computer testing centers. There are testing centers in most large towns and cities in the US.
Study very carefully for your written exam. If you fail any part of the test, you'll need to wait at least 30 days before taking it again.
The 30-day wait requirement may be waived if you can show proof that you've gotten additional training in the area you failed.
Every section of the written exam must be passed within 24 months of your first attempt.
3-3. Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
You can get a license in a power plant rating, an airframe rating, or both. you are a US citizen and want to work as an aircraft mechanic in the United States, you must meet certain basic standards. You will need a mechanic's certificate to work as an aircraft mechanic.
You must be 18 years of age, or older.
You must be able to speak, write, read, and comprehend English.
You must have 18 months of practical experience with airframes or power plants, or 30 months of practical experience working on both power plants and airframes at the same time.
You must pass the required practical, oral, and written exams.
3-4. Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirement if you are not a US citizen.
If you aren't a US citizen, you can still qualify for a mechanic's certificate if you meet all of the US citizen standards, along with some additional requirements.
You'll need to prove that you need a mechanic's certificate to work on US-registered civil aircraft.
You will need to show your non-US passport to the examiner.
Your employer will need to write a letter explaining exactly what aircraft mechanical work you performed for him, and for how long.
You will need a letter from the foreign equivalent of the FAA listing your qualifying work experience, or a letter to this effect from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
All papers must be dated and signed, and must be the original document – no copies are allowed.
You'll need to pay a fee to have your documents reviewed by FAA officials.
English-language requirements are occasionally waived if you will not be working within the US. In this situation, your license would limit you to work outside the US.
3-5. Get a repairman certificate, if you are already on the job.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also issues repairman certificates, which restrict the bearer to specific tasks (such as repairing a specific type of engine or engine component, for a specific type of aircraft). The work is performed for commercial operators, FAA-approved repair stations, or air carriers that have been approved to do this kind of work. The requirements for a repairman certificate are:
Your employer will need to recommend you for a repairman certificate before you can apply.
You'll need to be 18 or older.
You must be able to write, read, understand, and speak the English language.
You will need work experience that qualifies you to perform maintenance on aircraft or parts.
You must already be employed on a specific job that requires qualifications by an FAA-certified Repair Station, air carrier, or commercial operator.
You will need 18 months of on-the-job experience in the specific job that you will be doing with your repairman certificate, or you will need to complete a school training course at an FAA-approved facility.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acquiring Work Experience as a Civilian\\n1-1. Go to school.\\nThere are 170 Aviation Maintenance Technician schools in the US, that are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Programs usually last 12 to 24 months, and most require a high school degree or a GED.\\nGraduation qualifies you to sit for the FAA exams required for certification.\\nGraduates often earn higher salaries than mechanics who get their experience through apprenticeship or the military.\\n1-2. Work as an apprentice.\\nIf you do not have a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), you can still work on avionics equipment in a limited capacity. You'll need 18 months of practical, on-the-job experience for each type of certificate (power plant or airframes), or 30 months total to get both certificates.\\nYou will be allowed to work only under direct supervision of someone who has an FAA mechanic's license.\\nYou'll be required to produce proof of the work you did – pay stubs, and a letter from your employer – before you can take the FAA tests.\\nYou will not be authorized to approve planes, engines, appliances, or parts to be returned to service. Someone with a license will need to sign off on that.\\nWithout a license, you will be restricted to basic mechanical work, and will not advance to higher levels in the business.\\n1-3. Prepare yourself for a challenging work environment.\\nAvionics mechanics can earn very good salaries, and the work tends to be interesting and varied. However, there are pros and cons that you should be aware of if you are considering this career path.\\nYou'll be using sophisticated equipment and potentially dangerous power tools.\\nNew mechanics are usually expected to work weekends and nights, because work is needed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The better shifts go to mechanics with seniority.\\nYou'll be working in environments where the noise levels are extremely high.\\nThe work is very physical and involves climbing, crawling, and carrying heavy parts.\\nYou will work against tight deadlines – the planes need to be ready on time, every time. This can be very stressful for some people.\\n2. Acquiring Work Experience through the Armed Forces\\n2-1. Choose an approved job speciality.\\nYour practical experience in the military is only applicable to certification if it's one of the specific jobs that has been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). You'll need to contact your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for a list of these jobs, because the list changes without notice. Your military recruiter should also be familiar with specific job listings for FAA certification requirements.\\nEach branch of the military has its own job codes. There are more than 50 MOS codes for the Air Force that describe jobs that are reported as being FAA-approved work experience.\\nThe US Army has around 20 specific MOS job codes that qualify, including: 15N10/30 (Avionics Mechanic, Airframe experience), 15M10/30 (UH-1 Helicopter Repairer, Airframe and Powerplant experience), and 15B10/30 (Aircraft Powerplant Repairer, Powerplant experience).\\n2-2. Contact a military recruiter.\\nIf you believe you meet the basic requirements for US military eligibility, you can get in touch with your local recruitment office at military.com. Basic military requirements are:\\nBe a US citizen or resident alien.\\nYou'll need to be at least 18, or 17 with permission from your legal guardian.\\nMost jobs require a high school diploma (there are a few that will allow a GED, but not many.)\\nYou'll need to be in good physical and mental condition, and pass medical examinations.\\nYou will need to pass two separate drug tests.\\nFor the Air Force, you must also have an AFQT score of at least 50, be between 17 and 27 years old, and have no more than two dependents.\\nFor the Army, you must be between 17 and 34, have no more than two dependents, and have a minimum AFQT score of 31.\\nFor the Marines, you must be between the ages of 17 and 29, and have a minimum score of 32 on the AFQT. Women are allowed to serve in all jobs except combat positions.\\nFor the Navy, you must be between 17 an 34, and have a minimum AFQT score of 50. Women are allowed to sign up for any job except the Navy Seals and positions on submarines.\\n2-3. Work as an aircraft mechanic in the military.\\nJobs vary in each branch of the US military, so you will need to speak to a recruiter to get specific details about aircraft mechanic positions. Each branch of the military has its own basic requirements for enlisting.\\nCertain occupations have additional requirements beyond the basics, such as a certain score on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\\nYou may need to demonstrate aptitude in math, science, and technology to convince a recruiter you'd do well as an avionics mechanic (through test scores or your school transcript).\\n2-4. Get an official letter from your superior.\\nWhen you leave the service, you'll need to get a letter from your boss listing the types of aircraft and engines you worked on, and how many hours of practical experience you received. Training time does not count toward practical experience hours, only actual hours worked.\\n3. Obtaining Aircraft Mechanic Certification\\n3-1. Pass the oral and practical examinations.\\nOnce you have obtained the required amount of practical training, you will need to pass three tests administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).\\nA Designated Mechanic Examiner will test your practical skills.\\nThe Examiner will also administer an oral exam – you'll answer his questions in person, while he takes notes.\\nThere are 43 different technical topics that you'll need to be familiar with in order to pass these tests.\\nFor a single certificate exam (airframe or power plant), expect the test to last about 8 hours.\\n3-2. Pass the written exam.\\nYou will need to go to your local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) office and submit proof that you have all the required experience for certification. If the FAA inspector determines that you are eligible to take the written exam, you can schedule your exam at one of the approved computer testing centers. There are testing centers in most large towns and cities in the US. \\nStudy very carefully for your written exam. If you fail any part of the test, you'll need to wait at least 30 days before taking it again.\\nThe 30-day wait requirement may be waived if you can show proof that you've gotten additional training in the area you failed.\\nEvery section of the written exam must be passed within 24 months of your first attempt.\\n3-3. Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).\\nYou can get a license in a power plant rating, an airframe rating, or both. you are a US citizen and want to work as an aircraft mechanic in the United States, you must meet certain basic standards. You will need a mechanic's certificate to work as an aircraft mechanic. \\nYou must be 18 years of age, or older.\\nYou must be able to speak, write, read, and comprehend English.\\nYou must have 18 months of practical experience with airframes or power plants, or 30 months of practical experience working on both power plants and airframes at the same time.\\nYou must pass the required practical, oral, and written exams.\\n3-4. Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirement if you are not a US citizen.\\nIf you aren't a US citizen, you can still qualify for a mechanic's certificate if you meet all of the US citizen standards, along with some additional requirements.\\nYou'll need to prove that you need a mechanic's certificate to work on US-registered civil aircraft.\\nYou will need to show your non-US passport to the examiner.\\nYour employer will need to write a letter explaining exactly what aircraft mechanical work you performed for him, and for how long.\\nYou will need a letter from the foreign equivalent of the FAA listing your qualifying work experience, or a letter to this effect from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).\\nAll papers must be dated and signed, and must be the original document – no copies are allowed.\\nYou'll need to pay a fee to have your documents reviewed by FAA officials.\\nEnglish-language requirements are occasionally waived if you will not be working within the US. In this situation, your license would limit you to work outside the US.\\n3-5. Get a repairman certificate, if you are already on the job.\\nThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also issues repairman certificates, which restrict the bearer to specific tasks (such as repairing a specific type of engine or engine component, for a specific type of aircraft). The work is performed for commercial operators, FAA-approved repair stations, or air carriers that have been approved to do this kind of work. The requirements for a repairman certificate are:\\nYour employer will need to recommend you for a repairman certificate before you can apply.\\nYou'll need to be 18 or older.\\nYou must be able to write, read, understand, and speak the English language.\\nYou will need work experience that qualifies you to perform maintenance on aircraft or parts.\\nYou must already be employed on a specific job that requires qualifications by an FAA-certified Repair Station, air carrier, or commercial operator.\\nYou will need 18 months of on-the-job experience in the specific job that you will be doing with your repairman certificate, or you will need to complete a school training course at an FAA-approved facility.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"To start a career as an Aviation Maintenance technician (AMT), you'll need specialized training, and you'll need to be certified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). To become certified, you'll need 18 to 30 months of practical work experience at an FAA-approved facility, and you'll have to pass practical and written exams. You can work in the armed forces as an aircraft mechanic without a license, but once you leave the service you'll need to obtain FAA certification unless you plan to work under direct supervision of a licensed aircraft mechanic.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquiring Work Experience as a Civilian\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to school.\", \"描述\": \"There are 170 Aviation Maintenance Technician schools in the US, that are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Programs usually last 12 to 24 months, and most require a high school degree or a GED.\\nGraduation qualifies you to sit for the FAA exams required for certification.\\nGraduates often earn higher salaries than mechanics who get their experience through apprenticeship or the military.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work as an apprentice.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not have a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), you can still work on avionics equipment in a limited capacity. You'll need 18 months of practical, on-the-job experience for each type of certificate (power plant or airframes), or 30 months total to get both certificates.\\nYou will be allowed to work only under direct supervision of someone who has an FAA mechanic's license.\\nYou'll be required to produce proof of the work you did – pay stubs, and a letter from your employer – before you can take the FAA tests.\\nYou will not be authorized to approve planes, engines, appliances, or parts to be returned to service. Someone with a license will need to sign off on that.\\nWithout a license, you will be restricted to basic mechanical work, and will not advance to higher levels in the business.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare yourself for a challenging work environment.\", \"描述\": \"Avionics mechanics can earn very good salaries, and the work tends to be interesting and varied. However, there are pros and cons that you should be aware of if you are considering this career path.\\nYou'll be using sophisticated equipment and potentially dangerous power tools.\\nNew mechanics are usually expected to work weekends and nights, because work is needed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The better shifts go to mechanics with seniority.\\nYou'll be working in environments where the noise levels are extremely high.\\nThe work is very physical and involves climbing, crawling, and carrying heavy parts.\\nYou will work against tight deadlines – the planes need to be ready on time, every time. This can be very stressful for some people.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acquiring Work Experience through the Armed Forces\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose an approved job speciality.\", \"描述\": \"Your practical experience in the military is only applicable to certification if it's one of the specific jobs that has been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). You'll need to contact your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for a list of these jobs, because the list changes without notice. Your military recruiter should also be familiar with specific job listings for FAA certification requirements.\\nEach branch of the military has its own job codes. There are more than 50 MOS codes for the Air Force that describe jobs that are reported as being FAA-approved work experience.\\nThe US Army has around 20 specific MOS job codes that qualify, including: 15N10/30 (Avionics Mechanic, Airframe experience), 15M10/30 (UH-1 Helicopter Repairer, Airframe and Powerplant experience), and 15B10/30 (Aircraft Powerplant Repairer, Powerplant experience).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contact a military recruiter.\", \"描述\": \"If you believe you meet the basic requirements for US military eligibility, you can get in touch with your local recruitment office at military.com. Basic military requirements are:\\nBe a US citizen or resident alien.\\nYou'll need to be at least 18, or 17 with permission from your legal guardian.\\nMost jobs require a high school diploma (there are a few that will allow a GED, but not many.)\\nYou'll need to be in good physical and mental condition, and pass medical examinations.\\nYou will need to pass two separate drug tests.\\nFor the Air Force, you must also have an AFQT score of at least 50, be between 17 and 27 years old, and have no more than two dependents.\\nFor the Army, you must be between 17 and 34, have no more than two dependents, and have a minimum AFQT score of 31.\\nFor the Marines, you must be between the ages of 17 and 29, and have a minimum score of 32 on the AFQT. Women are allowed to serve in all jobs except combat positions.\\nFor the Navy, you must be between 17 an 34, and have a minimum AFQT score of 50. Women are allowed to sign up for any job except the Navy Seals and positions on submarines.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work as an aircraft mechanic in the military.\", \"描述\": \"Jobs vary in each branch of the US military, so you will need to speak to a recruiter to get specific details about aircraft mechanic positions. Each branch of the military has its own basic requirements for enlisting.\\nCertain occupations have additional requirements beyond the basics, such as a certain score on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\\nYou may need to demonstrate aptitude in math, science, and technology to convince a recruiter you'd do well as an avionics mechanic (through test scores or your school transcript).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an official letter from your superior.\", \"描述\": \"When you leave the service, you'll need to get a letter from your boss listing the types of aircraft and engines you worked on, and how many hours of practical experience you received. Training time does not count toward practical experience hours, only actual hours worked.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Aircraft Mechanic Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the oral and practical examinations.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have obtained the required amount of practical training, you will need to pass three tests administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).\\nA Designated Mechanic Examiner will test your practical skills.\\nThe Examiner will also administer an oral exam – you'll answer his questions in person, while he takes notes.\\nThere are 43 different technical topics that you'll need to be familiar with in order to pass these tests.\\nFor a single certificate exam (airframe or power plant), expect the test to last about 8 hours.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the written exam.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to go to your local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) office and submit proof that you have all the required experience for certification. If the FAA inspector determines that you are eligible to take the written exam, you can schedule your exam at one of the approved computer testing centers. There are testing centers in most large towns and cities in the US. \\nStudy very carefully for your written exam. If you fail any part of the test, you'll need to wait at least 30 days before taking it again.\\nThe 30-day wait requirement may be waived if you can show proof that you've gotten additional training in the area you failed.\\nEvery section of the written exam must be passed within 24 months of your first attempt.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).\", \"描述\": \"You can get a license in a power plant rating, an airframe rating, or both. you are a US citizen and want to work as an aircraft mechanic in the United States, you must meet certain basic standards. You will need a mechanic's certificate to work as an aircraft mechanic. \\nYou must be 18 years of age, or older.\\nYou must be able to speak, write, read, and comprehend English.\\nYou must have 18 months of practical experience with airframes or power plants, or 30 months of practical experience working on both power plants and airframes at the same time.\\nYou must pass the required practical, oral, and written exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a mechanic's license from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirement if you are not a US citizen.\", \"描述\": \"If you aren't a US citizen, you can still qualify for a mechanic's certificate if you meet all of the US citizen standards, along with some additional requirements.\\nYou'll need to prove that you need a mechanic's certificate to work on US-registered civil aircraft.\\nYou will need to show your non-US passport to the examiner.\\nYour employer will need to write a letter explaining exactly what aircraft mechanical work you performed for him, and for how long.\\nYou will need a letter from the foreign equivalent of the FAA listing your qualifying work experience, or a letter to this effect from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).\\nAll papers must be dated and signed, and must be the original document – no copies are allowed.\\nYou'll need to pay a fee to have your documents reviewed by FAA officials.\\nEnglish-language requirements are occasionally waived if you will not be working within the US. In this situation, your license would limit you to work outside the US.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a repairman certificate, if you are already on the job.\", \"描述\": \"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also issues repairman certificates, which restrict the bearer to specific tasks (such as repairing a specific type of engine or engine component, for a specific type of aircraft). The work is performed for commercial operators, FAA-approved repair stations, or air carriers that have been approved to do this kind of work. The requirements for a repairman certificate are:\\nYour employer will need to recommend you for a repairman certificate before you can apply.\\nYou'll need to be 18 or older.\\nYou must be able to write, read, understand, and speak the English language.\\nYou will need work experience that qualifies you to perform maintenance on aircraft or parts.\\nYou must already be employed on a specific job that requires qualifications by an FAA-certified Repair Station, air carrier, or commercial operator.\\nYou will need 18 months of on-the-job experience in the specific job that you will be doing with your repairman certificate, or you will need to complete a school training course at an FAA-approved facility.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,921 |
How to Become an Airline Gate Agent
|
1. Researching Job Opportunities
1-1. Learn what an airline gate agent's duties are.
Their primary responsibilities include working with customers, especially with tagging and handling carry-on baggage that must be checked, scanning tickets, and boarding and deplaning aircraft. But they also often double as check-in counter agents and can find themselves also working at the baggage claim office in smaller airports.
1-2. Find the right airline for you.
Go online and look at different companies and types of airlines to find which would be the best fit for you. Here are some examples of things to look for in your initial search:
Look at international carriers if you have an interest in traveling out of the country.
Figure out if you want to work for a budget or luxury airline. The differences may include the destinations flown to and the comfort in the plane itself (seat size, leg room, tray table size).
Find the size of the airline that will be best for you. Some airlines have tens of thousands of employees (United, Lufthansa, Qatar) while others, such as local carriers, can be quite small. The larger airlines usually fly to more destinations and tend to have international routes, but smaller airlines can offer a more “family feel” and can give you the opportunity to check-in repeat customers and make friends.
Research any specific airlines that you may have a set interest in.
1-3. Look for an airline gate agent position.
If you want to stay in your current location, you should check for positions at your local airport and at the airlines operating there. If you have a specific location in mind then search at the closest airports to it. Also, use a search engine that specializes in aviation jobs such as http://us.aviationjobsearch.com/.
2. Building the Right Skills for the Job
2-1. Make sure you have the basic requirements for the position.
In general, gate agents must be at least 18 years old, have graduated high school (or completed an equivalent program) and have a valid driver's license.
These basic requirements may differ from airline to airline so be sure to read all job positions carefully.
2-2. Make sure you can lift heavy objects.
At times you will be helping customers carry their luggage onto scales or conveyer belts. Luggage can exceed 50 pounds so make sure your health and stamina are ready for lifting that much weight.
2-3. Learn customer service skills.
As an airline gate agent you may have to deal with upset customers over a number of issues relating to flights, baggage and ticketing information. If you don’t have much customer service experience, read about ways to expand on these skills. Do the following to gain an even greater understanding of what your customer service role will be:
Go to your local airport and watch the exchanges between the customer and the ticket service agent. Jot down any notes you find helpful and observe what the agent does in a stressful situation.
If you are traveling by plane, observe the gate agent at the gate itself while waiting for the flight to board. Look closely at any interaction they have with passengers and if they are free, go ask them for any tips on the position.
Roleplay with your friends some customer-airline gate agent interactions.
2-4. Be prepared to work irregular hours.
Many airlines run on an around the clock, 365 days-a-year work schedule. An airline gate agent may be required to work odd shifts including late nights, early mornings, weekends, and holidays.
3. Obtaining the Airline Gate Agent Job
3-1. Apply for the job.
Some airlines allow you to apply for jobs directly on their websites. Other airlines may prefer that you mail an application and your resume, or drop them off at the local airport. Here are some tips for the application process:
Make sure your resume is catered as best it can be to the airline gate agent position.
If you are applying in person, be respectful and dress in a business casual manner.
Convey your experience and interests clearly in your cover letter.
3-2. Prepare for your interview.
Before the interview learn all you can about the airline itself and the specific position. Be prepared to answer questions about dealing with customers angry about delays, overbooked flights, or lost baggage. Also, have answers prepared for the following broad questions:
What makes you interested in this position?
What are your strengths?
What are your weaknesses?
Explain a time where you had to use customer service skills.
3-3. Complete a training program.
After you have been hired as a gate agent, you will have to complete a training program prepared by your airline that teaches you the specifics of being an airline gate agent for your employer. You may also be required to take additional training prepared by the FAA and your local airport. When you have successfully completed your training program, you will be ready for your first day at the gate.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Researching Job Opportunities\\n1-1. Learn what an airline gate agent's duties are.\\nTheir primary responsibilities include working with customers, especially with tagging and handling carry-on baggage that must be checked, scanning tickets, and boarding and deplaning aircraft. But they also often double as check-in counter agents and can find themselves also working at the baggage claim office in smaller airports.\\n1-2. Find the right airline for you.\\nGo online and look at different companies and types of airlines to find which would be the best fit for you. Here are some examples of things to look for in your initial search:\\nLook at international carriers if you have an interest in traveling out of the country.\\nFigure out if you want to work for a budget or luxury airline. The differences may include the destinations flown to and the comfort in the plane itself (seat size, leg room, tray table size).\\nFind the size of the airline that will be best for you. Some airlines have tens of thousands of employees (United, Lufthansa, Qatar) while others, such as local carriers, can be quite small. The larger airlines usually fly to more destinations and tend to have international routes, but smaller airlines can offer a more “family feel” and can give you the opportunity to check-in repeat customers and make friends.\\nResearch any specific airlines that you may have a set interest in.\\n1-3. Look for an airline gate agent position.\\nIf you want to stay in your current location, you should check for positions at your local airport and at the airlines operating there. If you have a specific location in mind then search at the closest airports to it. Also, use a search engine that specializes in aviation jobs such as http://us.aviationjobsearch.com/.\\n2. Building the Right Skills for the Job\\n2-1. Make sure you have the basic requirements for the position.\\nIn general, gate agents must be at least 18 years old, have graduated high school (or completed an equivalent program) and have a valid driver's license.\\nThese basic requirements may differ from airline to airline so be sure to read all job positions carefully.\\n2-2. Make sure you can lift heavy objects.\\nAt times you will be helping customers carry their luggage onto scales or conveyer belts. Luggage can exceed 50 pounds so make sure your health and stamina are ready for lifting that much weight.\\n2-3. Learn customer service skills.\\nAs an airline gate agent you may have to deal with upset customers over a number of issues relating to flights, baggage and ticketing information. If you don’t have much customer service experience, read about ways to expand on these skills. Do the following to gain an even greater understanding of what your customer service role will be:\\nGo to your local airport and watch the exchanges between the customer and the ticket service agent. Jot down any notes you find helpful and observe what the agent does in a stressful situation.\\nIf you are traveling by plane, observe the gate agent at the gate itself while waiting for the flight to board. Look closely at any interaction they have with passengers and if they are free, go ask them for any tips on the position.\\nRoleplay with your friends some customer-airline gate agent interactions.\\n2-4. Be prepared to work irregular hours.\\nMany airlines run on an around the clock, 365 days-a-year work schedule. An airline gate agent may be required to work odd shifts including late nights, early mornings, weekends, and holidays.\\n3. Obtaining the Airline Gate Agent Job\\n3-1. Apply for the job.\\nSome airlines allow you to apply for jobs directly on their websites. Other airlines may prefer that you mail an application and your resume, or drop them off at the local airport. Here are some tips for the application process:\\nMake sure your resume is catered as best it can be to the airline gate agent position.\\nIf you are applying in person, be respectful and dress in a business casual manner.\\nConvey your experience and interests clearly in your cover letter.\\n3-2. Prepare for your interview.\\nBefore the interview learn all you can about the airline itself and the specific position. Be prepared to answer questions about dealing with customers angry about delays, overbooked flights, or lost baggage. Also, have answers prepared for the following broad questions:\\nWhat makes you interested in this position?\\nWhat are your strengths?\\nWhat are your weaknesses?\\nExplain a time where you had to use customer service skills.\\n3-3. Complete a training program.\\nAfter you have been hired as a gate agent, you will have to complete a training program prepared by your airline that teaches you the specifics of being an airline gate agent for your employer. You may also be required to take additional training prepared by the FAA and your local airport. When you have successfully completed your training program, you will be ready for your first day at the gate.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Airline industry jobs have great perks, not the least of which is free or deeply-discounted travel to any destination in your employer's route network. You don’t have to be a pilot or flight attendant to gain these amazing perks. An airline gate agent position is based in an airport and requires little to no travel. If a job that requires travel is not for you, but the travel benefits sound enticing, becoming an airline gate agent may be the right fit.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Researching Job Opportunities\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn what an airline gate agent's duties are.\", \"描述\": \"Their primary responsibilities include working with customers, especially with tagging and handling carry-on baggage that must be checked, scanning tickets, and boarding and deplaning aircraft. But they also often double as check-in counter agents and can find themselves also working at the baggage claim office in smaller airports.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the right airline for you.\", \"描述\": \"Go online and look at different companies and types of airlines to find which would be the best fit for you. Here are some examples of things to look for in your initial search:\\nLook at international carriers if you have an interest in traveling out of the country.\\nFigure out if you want to work for a budget or luxury airline. The differences may include the destinations flown to and the comfort in the plane itself (seat size, leg room, tray table size).\\nFind the size of the airline that will be best for you. Some airlines have tens of thousands of employees (United, Lufthansa, Qatar) while others, such as local carriers, can be quite small. The larger airlines usually fly to more destinations and tend to have international routes, but smaller airlines can offer a more “family feel” and can give you the opportunity to check-in repeat customers and make friends.\\nResearch any specific airlines that you may have a set interest in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for an airline gate agent position.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to stay in your current location, you should check for positions at your local airport and at the airlines operating there. If you have a specific location in mind then search at the closest airports to it. Also, use a search engine that specializes in aviation jobs such as http://us.aviationjobsearch.com/.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building the Right Skills for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have the basic requirements for the position.\", \"描述\": \"In general, gate agents must be at least 18 years old, have graduated high school (or completed an equivalent program) and have a valid driver's license.\\nThese basic requirements may differ from airline to airline so be sure to read all job positions carefully.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you can lift heavy objects.\", \"描述\": \"At times you will be helping customers carry their luggage onto scales or conveyer belts. Luggage can exceed 50 pounds so make sure your health and stamina are ready for lifting that much weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn customer service skills.\", \"描述\": \"As an airline gate agent you may have to deal with upset customers over a number of issues relating to flights, baggage and ticketing information. If you don’t have much customer service experience, read about ways to expand on these skills. Do the following to gain an even greater understanding of what your customer service role will be:\\nGo to your local airport and watch the exchanges between the customer and the ticket service agent. Jot down any notes you find helpful and observe what the agent does in a stressful situation.\\nIf you are traveling by plane, observe the gate agent at the gate itself while waiting for the flight to board. Look closely at any interaction they have with passengers and if they are free, go ask them for any tips on the position.\\nRoleplay with your friends some customer-airline gate agent interactions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to work irregular hours.\", \"描述\": \"Many airlines run on an around the clock, 365 days-a-year work schedule. An airline gate agent may be required to work odd shifts including late nights, early mornings, weekends, and holidays.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtaining the Airline Gate Agent Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for the job.\", \"描述\": \"Some airlines allow you to apply for jobs directly on their websites. Other airlines may prefer that you mail an application and your resume, or drop them off at the local airport. Here are some tips for the application process:\\nMake sure your resume is catered as best it can be to the airline gate agent position.\\nIf you are applying in person, be respectful and dress in a business casual manner.\\nConvey your experience and interests clearly in your cover letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your interview.\", \"描述\": \"Before the interview learn all you can about the airline itself and the specific position. Be prepared to answer questions about dealing with customers angry about delays, overbooked flights, or lost baggage. Also, have answers prepared for the following broad questions:\\nWhat makes you interested in this position?\\nWhat are your strengths?\\nWhat are your weaknesses?\\nExplain a time where you had to use customer service skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a training program.\", \"描述\": \"After you have been hired as a gate agent, you will have to complete a training program prepared by your airline that teaches you the specifics of being an airline gate agent for your employer. You may also be required to take additional training prepared by the FAA and your local airport. When you have successfully completed your training program, you will be ready for your first day at the gate.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,922 |
How to Become an Airline Pilot
|
1. Becoming a Private Pilot
1-1. Graduate from high school with courses in math and science.
Although there are no high school course requirements for becoming an airline pilot, generally courses in math and science will be most helpful for your future career. Enroll in advanced placement classes if they are offered by your school.
Consider taking part in extracurricular activities related to flying. In the UK, for instance, you could join the Air Training Corps (ATC), a volunteer-military youth organization for people under the age of 18.
1-2. Earn a 4-year college degree to fly for a large commercial airline.
A bachelor's degree or equivalent is required to become a pilot for a major airline. It's preferable to get a bachelor of science with an emphasis in aviation, but your degree doesn't necessarily have to be aviation related.
Some regional airlines only require a 2-year degree.
Certain colleges and universities, such as the University of North Dakota, offer flight training in concurrence with academic classes.
1-3. Obtain a first-class medical certificate.
Make an appointment with a certified aviation medical examiner. A doctor will review your medical history and conduct a physical examination to ensure that you’re both physically and mentally capable of operating an airplane.
Contrary to popular belief, you can still become a professional pilot if you wear glasses or contacts, as long as your vision is correctable to 20/20.
In the United States, you must visit the office of a certified Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). A list of AMEs in your community can be found here: https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/medical_certification/
1-4. Enroll in an accredited flight school or training program to gain flight experience.
Training generally comes in two forms: integrated and modular. Integrated training programs are more expensive, but allow you to complete your training more quickly—generally 14-18 months. Modular programs allow you to pay as you go and are better if you want to train part-time, potentially taking breaks between modules.
If you’re in the United States, completing classes at an FAA-approved flight school can reduce the amount of flight experience required for a pilot’s license.
1-5. Consider military flight training for a subsidized option.
Enrolling in flight school and acquiring the required number of flight hours can be an incredibly expensive process. If you enlist in the military, however, your flight training will be subsidized. The flip side, of course, is that you must agree to a multi-year commitment to the armed forces (10 years, in the United States).
The Air Force, Navy, Army, and Coast Guard offer flight training if you are a U.S. citizen.
Job prospects are generally good for those leaving the military to become an airline pilot.
1-6. Get a student pilot’s license to fly a plane on your own.
Apply for a student pilot’s license through the official aviation board in your country. These licenses are free to apply for, but you may need your instructor sign-off to prove your skills.
You can start taking flying lessons before you’ve applied for a student pilot certificate, but you’ll need one to operate a plane by yourself. A private pilot’s license, your next step, requires a certain amount of solo flying hours.
You can often apply for a student pilot certificate at the same time as your medical certificate.
1-7. Take a written exam to start earning your private pilot’s license.
The written exam can be taken at any time before the practical exam—some instructors and flight schools require it to be completed successfully before you start flying. The test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions.
However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that you complete a solo cross-country flight before taking the written exam.
1-8. Pass a practical flight exam and obtain your private pilot’s license.
To take your practical exam, you must have completed 40 total hours of flight time. Those 40 hours must include a minimum of 10 hours flying solo, of which 5 must be a solo cross-country flight, and 20 hours with an instructor. The flight exam is administered by an FAA examiner and usually lasts 1-2 hours. You must provide your own plane for the exam.
Once you’ve completed this process, you’re officially a licensed pilot. You will be comfortable with the fundamentals of flying a single-engine plane.
You cannot receive payment for your services when you hold this license.
2. Earning an Airline Transport Pilot's License
2-1. Add an instrument rating to fly in inclement weather.
An instrument rating requires 50 hours of cross-country flight time while serving as the pilot in command. You also need 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument flight experience to qualify. To prove your flight hours, your instructor will review your pilot logbook and set up an appointment with a dedicated pilot examiner. Then, you’ll be asked to plan a cross-country flight using instrument flight rules (which you may or may not actually fly), as well as an oral exam and flight test.
This rating allows you to pilot a plane during periods of low visibility, guided solely by the airplane’s instruments.
2-2. Earn a commercial pilot’s license to be paid to fly.
To qualify for an FAA Commercial Pilot License, applicants must be at least 18 years old and have at least 250 hours of flight experience. Like your private pilot license, you’ll need to pass a written and flight exam. The commercial certificate requires 250 flight hours (including 100 hours as pilot in command, 50 hours cross-country, and 10 hours of dual instruction in a complex aircraft).
The written exam for a commercial license contains 100 multiple choice questions. You will be given 3 hours to complete the test, and the minimum score is 70%.
The practical exam must be administered by an FAA-approved examiner, a list of which can be searched here: http://av-info.faa.gov/DesigneeSearch.asp.
2-3. Add a multi-engine rating to legally fly a twin engine aircraft.
To work as an airline pilot, you must acquire a multi-engine rating to fly planes with two engines. You’ll need an endorsement from your instructor and will also have to take a practical test that includes a detailed verbal test.
The oral exam can be administered by the instructor and includes questions about weight and balance, aircraft systems, and minimum controllable airspeed.
No written test is required.
2-4. Earn your airline transport pilot’s license.
To apply for this license, you must 23 years or older and have at least 1,500 hours of flying experience (that includes both night and instrument flying). You’ll also be required to pass written and flight examinations.
The written exam is multiple choice and addresses subjects like flight planning and monitoring, radio navigation, meteorology, and air law.
The practical exam is administered by either an FAA Inspector or an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner. It’s divided into two sections: an oral exam and a test flight.
This license allows you to operate as the captain (or the “pilot in command”) of a commercial aircraft.
3. Gaining Experience
3-1. Apply for jobs with regional airlines.
To work for a major airline, you will typically need 3,000 hours total flight time including at least 1,500 hours multi-engine, and at least 1,000 hours as pilot in command of a turbine-powered aircraft. To gain that experience, you can start by working at a regional airline, which often requires only 1,500 hours of flight time.
Many pilots start out at smaller airlines where they can gain experience flying on scheduled flights in a variety of weather conditions. Then, they use that experience to get higher paying jobs at bigger airlines.
3-2. Complete your certified flight instructor rating to work at a flight school.
Some flight schools offer you flight hours in exchange for working as an instructor there. This is a very common route to earning the hours needed to fly for a major airline since it allows you to earn money and while building up your flight hours.
Similarly, find a job as an instructor at a simulator company. Even if they cannot pay you a salary, see if you can trade your instructor hours for hours using the simulator and gaining experience to use in future job interviews.
3-3. Volunteer as a pilot to gain experience while helping others.
Safety pilots, for instance, keep an eye out while another pilot is wearing a view-limiting device that simulates low-visibility weather conditions. You can donate your time while also earning flight hours. Or, if you are in the U.S., you can work with the Civil Air Patrol (CAP)—the official civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force. It conducts search-and-rescue missions and educational flights for younger cadets using a feel of smaller aircraft.
Some CAP flights require a private pilot’s license at minimum, while others have more stringent requirements.
3-4. Find “low-time” pilot jobs in your community for additional hours.
Options include scenic flights, glider towing, aerial photography, towing banners, and pipeline patrol. These jobs may be hard to find when the market is bad for pilots, since other, more experienced pilots may be looking for work.
These jobs can usually be found via word-of-mouth or contacting businesses in your area that you think might be hiring part-time pilots.
4. Working at an Airline
4-1. Apply to airlines as soon as you meet the minimum requirements.
Prepare a one-page professional pilot resume. The resume should be broken down into sections with your contact information, ratings and flight hours, experience and chronological job history and any awards or accomplishments.
Ask other pilots who have direct knowledge of your flying skills to write letters of recommendation.
4-2. Prepare for the interview by researching the airline.
Figure out what types of planes they operate, as well as their hub cities. Look them up online to see if there’s been any recent news about the company. Also, make sure your logbook is complete and you have an accurate record of your flight time.
Check professional pilot websites where pilots share airline specific interview experiences.
You may want to bring copies of records such as college transcripts, military records, and licenses to the interview.
If the airline conducts a simulator check, rent a simulator at your local airport or flight school to brush up. Some companies offer airline-specific interview simulator preparation, although this specialty interview prep can be pricey.
4-3. Complete your initial training once hired.
Onboarding for airline pilots typically includes a week of company training, 3-6 weeks of ground school and simulator training, and 25 hours of initial operating experience (including a check ride with an FAA aviation safety inspector).
Once trained, you'll be required to complete regular training and simulator checks. These usually occur once or twice a year.
4-4. Start working at the airline as a flight engineer.
Depending on the type of aircraft, new airline pilots start as first officers or flight engineers. Although some airlines favor applicants who already have a flight engineer’s license, they may provide flight engineer training for those who have only the commercial license.
4-5. Advance to first officer after 1-5 years.
In the airlines, advancement is usually predetermined by seniority provisions stated in union contracts. After a period of 1-5 years, you will likely be promoted to the role of first office.
A first officer (also known as the co-pilot) is the second-in-command to the captain.
4-6. Become a captain after 5-15 years on the job.
Gaining seniority will also help you acquire preferred flight assignments. Your time with the airline will determine when you fly, if you fly on weekends, or if you'll be in the air during Christmas or other holidays.
Any time you change airlines, by choice or because you've been laid off or your airline has gone out of business, you will be starting at the bottom again at your new airline in terms of your position, schedule, and pay—regardless of experience.
Warnings
Flying as a career is a stressful job. A pilot's ultimate responsibility—the safety of their passengers and cargo—means making a lot of personal sacrifices. You’ll be expected to undergo constant training and evaluation, drug and alcohol testing, background checks, and long hours.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a Private Pilot\\n1-1. Graduate from high school with courses in math and science.\\nAlthough there are no high school course requirements for becoming an airline pilot, generally courses in math and science will be most helpful for your future career. Enroll in advanced placement classes if they are offered by your school.\\nConsider taking part in extracurricular activities related to flying. In the UK, for instance, you could join the Air Training Corps (ATC), a volunteer-military youth organization for people under the age of 18.\\n1-2. Earn a 4-year college degree to fly for a large commercial airline.\\nA bachelor's degree or equivalent is required to become a pilot for a major airline. It's preferable to get a bachelor of science with an emphasis in aviation, but your degree doesn't necessarily have to be aviation related.\\nSome regional airlines only require a 2-year degree.\\nCertain colleges and universities, such as the University of North Dakota, offer flight training in concurrence with academic classes.\\n1-3. Obtain a first-class medical certificate.\\nMake an appointment with a certified aviation medical examiner. A doctor will review your medical history and conduct a physical examination to ensure that you’re both physically and mentally capable of operating an airplane.\\nContrary to popular belief, you can still become a professional pilot if you wear glasses or contacts, as long as your vision is correctable to 20/20.\\nIn the United States, you must visit the office of a certified Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). A list of AMEs in your community can be found here: https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/medical_certification/\\n1-4. Enroll in an accredited flight school or training program to gain flight experience.\\nTraining generally comes in two forms: integrated and modular. Integrated training programs are more expensive, but allow you to complete your training more quickly—generally 14-18 months. Modular programs allow you to pay as you go and are better if you want to train part-time, potentially taking breaks between modules.\\nIf you’re in the United States, completing classes at an FAA-approved flight school can reduce the amount of flight experience required for a pilot’s license.\\n1-5. Consider military flight training for a subsidized option.\\nEnrolling in flight school and acquiring the required number of flight hours can be an incredibly expensive process. If you enlist in the military, however, your flight training will be subsidized. The flip side, of course, is that you must agree to a multi-year commitment to the armed forces (10 years, in the United States).\\nThe Air Force, Navy, Army, and Coast Guard offer flight training if you are a U.S. citizen.\\nJob prospects are generally good for those leaving the military to become an airline pilot.\\n1-6. Get a student pilot’s license to fly a plane on your own.\\nApply for a student pilot’s license through the official aviation board in your country. These licenses are free to apply for, but you may need your instructor sign-off to prove your skills.\\nYou can start taking flying lessons before you’ve applied for a student pilot certificate, but you’ll need one to operate a plane by yourself. A private pilot’s license, your next step, requires a certain amount of solo flying hours.\\nYou can often apply for a student pilot certificate at the same time as your medical certificate.\\n1-7. Take a written exam to start earning your private pilot’s license.\\nThe written exam can be taken at any time before the practical exam—some instructors and flight schools require it to be completed successfully before you start flying. The test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions.\\nHowever, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that you complete a solo cross-country flight before taking the written exam.\\n1-8. Pass a practical flight exam and obtain your private pilot’s license.\\nTo take your practical exam, you must have completed 40 total hours of flight time. Those 40 hours must include a minimum of 10 hours flying solo, of which 5 must be a solo cross-country flight, and 20 hours with an instructor. The flight exam is administered by an FAA examiner and usually lasts 1-2 hours. You must provide your own plane for the exam.\\nOnce you’ve completed this process, you’re officially a licensed pilot. You will be comfortable with the fundamentals of flying a single-engine plane.\\nYou cannot receive payment for your services when you hold this license.\\n2. Earning an Airline Transport Pilot's License\\n2-1. Add an instrument rating to fly in inclement weather.\\nAn instrument rating requires 50 hours of cross-country flight time while serving as the pilot in command. You also need 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument flight experience to qualify. To prove your flight hours, your instructor will review your pilot logbook and set up an appointment with a dedicated pilot examiner. Then, you’ll be asked to plan a cross-country flight using instrument flight rules (which you may or may not actually fly), as well as an oral exam and flight test.\\nThis rating allows you to pilot a plane during periods of low visibility, guided solely by the airplane’s instruments.\\n2-2. Earn a commercial pilot’s license to be paid to fly.\\nTo qualify for an FAA Commercial Pilot License, applicants must be at least 18 years old and have at least 250 hours of flight experience. Like your private pilot license, you’ll need to pass a written and flight exam. The commercial certificate requires 250 flight hours (including 100 hours as pilot in command, 50 hours cross-country, and 10 hours of dual instruction in a complex aircraft).\\nThe written exam for a commercial license contains 100 multiple choice questions. You will be given 3 hours to complete the test, and the minimum score is 70%.\\nThe practical exam must be administered by an FAA-approved examiner, a list of which can be searched here: http://av-info.faa.gov/DesigneeSearch.asp.\\n2-3. Add a multi-engine rating to legally fly a twin engine aircraft.\\nTo work as an airline pilot, you must acquire a multi-engine rating to fly planes with two engines. You’ll need an endorsement from your instructor and will also have to take a practical test that includes a detailed verbal test. \\nThe oral exam can be administered by the instructor and includes questions about weight and balance, aircraft systems, and minimum controllable airspeed.\\nNo written test is required.\\n2-4. Earn your airline transport pilot’s license.\\nTo apply for this license, you must 23 years or older and have at least 1,500 hours of flying experience (that includes both night and instrument flying). You’ll also be required to pass written and flight examinations.\\nThe written exam is multiple choice and addresses subjects like flight planning and monitoring, radio navigation, meteorology, and air law.\\nThe practical exam is administered by either an FAA Inspector or an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner. It’s divided into two sections: an oral exam and a test flight.\\nThis license allows you to operate as the captain (or the “pilot in command”) of a commercial aircraft.\\n3. Gaining Experience\\n3-1. Apply for jobs with regional airlines.\\nTo work for a major airline, you will typically need 3,000 hours total flight time including at least 1,500 hours multi-engine, and at least 1,000 hours as pilot in command of a turbine-powered aircraft. To gain that experience, you can start by working at a regional airline, which often requires only 1,500 hours of flight time.\\nMany pilots start out at smaller airlines where they can gain experience flying on scheduled flights in a variety of weather conditions. Then, they use that experience to get higher paying jobs at bigger airlines.\\n3-2. Complete your certified flight instructor rating to work at a flight school.\\nSome flight schools offer you flight hours in exchange for working as an instructor there. This is a very common route to earning the hours needed to fly for a major airline since it allows you to earn money and while building up your flight hours.\\nSimilarly, find a job as an instructor at a simulator company. Even if they cannot pay you a salary, see if you can trade your instructor hours for hours using the simulator and gaining experience to use in future job interviews.\\n3-3. Volunteer as a pilot to gain experience while helping others.\\nSafety pilots, for instance, keep an eye out while another pilot is wearing a view-limiting device that simulates low-visibility weather conditions. You can donate your time while also earning flight hours. Or, if you are in the U.S., you can work with the Civil Air Patrol (CAP)—the official civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force. It conducts search-and-rescue missions and educational flights for younger cadets using a feel of smaller aircraft. \\nSome CAP flights require a private pilot’s license at minimum, while others have more stringent requirements.\\n3-4. Find “low-time” pilot jobs in your community for additional hours.\\nOptions include scenic flights, glider towing, aerial photography, towing banners, and pipeline patrol. These jobs may be hard to find when the market is bad for pilots, since other, more experienced pilots may be looking for work. \\nThese jobs can usually be found via word-of-mouth or contacting businesses in your area that you think might be hiring part-time pilots.\\n4. Working at an Airline\\n4-1. Apply to airlines as soon as you meet the minimum requirements.\\nPrepare a one-page professional pilot resume. The resume should be broken down into sections with your contact information, ratings and flight hours, experience and chronological job history and any awards or accomplishments. \\nAsk other pilots who have direct knowledge of your flying skills to write letters of recommendation.\\n4-2. Prepare for the interview by researching the airline.\\nFigure out what types of planes they operate, as well as their hub cities. Look them up online to see if there’s been any recent news about the company. Also, make sure your logbook is complete and you have an accurate record of your flight time. \\nCheck professional pilot websites where pilots share airline specific interview experiences.\\nYou may want to bring copies of records such as college transcripts, military records, and licenses to the interview.\\nIf the airline conducts a simulator check, rent a simulator at your local airport or flight school to brush up. Some companies offer airline-specific interview simulator preparation, although this specialty interview prep can be pricey.\\n4-3. Complete your initial training once hired.\\nOnboarding for airline pilots typically includes a week of company training, 3-6 weeks of ground school and simulator training, and 25 hours of initial operating experience (including a check ride with an FAA aviation safety inspector).\\nOnce trained, you'll be required to complete regular training and simulator checks. These usually occur once or twice a year.\\n4-4. Start working at the airline as a flight engineer.\\nDepending on the type of aircraft, new airline pilots start as first officers or flight engineers. Although some airlines favor applicants who already have a flight engineer’s license, they may provide flight engineer training for those who have only the commercial license.\\n4-5. Advance to first officer after 1-5 years.\\nIn the airlines, advancement is usually predetermined by seniority provisions stated in union contracts. After a period of 1-5 years, you will likely be promoted to the role of first office.\\nA first officer (also known as the co-pilot) is the second-in-command to the captain.\\n4-6. Become a captain after 5-15 years on the job.\\nGaining seniority will also help you acquire preferred flight assignments. Your time with the airline will determine when you fly, if you fly on weekends, or if you'll be in the air during Christmas or other holidays.\\nAny time you change airlines, by choice or because you've been laid off or your airline has gone out of business, you will be starting at the bottom again at your new airline in terms of your position, schedule, and pay—regardless of experience.\\nWarnings\\nFlying as a career is a stressful job. A pilot's ultimate responsibility—the safety of their passengers and cargo—means making a lot of personal sacrifices. You’ll be expected to undergo constant training and evaluation, drug and alcohol testing, background checks, and long hours.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you dream of soaring through the skies at high altitudes and getting paid for it? If so, being an airline pilot might be the perfect job for you! There are actually a few different paths you can take to become a pilot, and we've outlined each one below to help you get started. Keep reading to learn how you can make your piloting dreams a reality and \\\"land\\\" your first piloting job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Private Pilot\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate from high school with courses in math and science.\", \"描述\": \"Although there are no high school course requirements for becoming an airline pilot, generally courses in math and science will be most helpful for your future career. Enroll in advanced placement classes if they are offered by your school.\\nConsider taking part in extracurricular activities related to flying. In the UK, for instance, you could join the Air Training Corps (ATC), a volunteer-military youth organization for people under the age of 18.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a 4-year college degree to fly for a large commercial airline.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor's degree or equivalent is required to become a pilot for a major airline. It's preferable to get a bachelor of science with an emphasis in aviation, but your degree doesn't necessarily have to be aviation related.\\nSome regional airlines only require a 2-year degree.\\nCertain colleges and universities, such as the University of North Dakota, offer flight training in concurrence with academic classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain a first-class medical certificate.\", \"描述\": \"Make an appointment with a certified aviation medical examiner. A doctor will review your medical history and conduct a physical examination to ensure that you’re both physically and mentally capable of operating an airplane.\\nContrary to popular belief, you can still become a professional pilot if you wear glasses or contacts, as long as your vision is correctable to 20/20.\\nIn the United States, you must visit the office of a certified Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). A list of AMEs in your community can be found here: https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/medical_certification/\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an accredited flight school or training program to gain flight experience.\", \"描述\": \"Training generally comes in two forms: integrated and modular. Integrated training programs are more expensive, but allow you to complete your training more quickly—generally 14-18 months. Modular programs allow you to pay as you go and are better if you want to train part-time, potentially taking breaks between modules.\\nIf you’re in the United States, completing classes at an FAA-approved flight school can reduce the amount of flight experience required for a pilot’s license.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider military flight training for a subsidized option.\", \"描述\": \"Enrolling in flight school and acquiring the required number of flight hours can be an incredibly expensive process. If you enlist in the military, however, your flight training will be subsidized. The flip side, of course, is that you must agree to a multi-year commitment to the armed forces (10 years, in the United States).\\nThe Air Force, Navy, Army, and Coast Guard offer flight training if you are a U.S. citizen.\\nJob prospects are generally good for those leaving the military to become an airline pilot.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get a student pilot’s license to fly a plane on your own.\", \"描述\": \"Apply for a student pilot’s license through the official aviation board in your country. These licenses are free to apply for, but you may need your instructor sign-off to prove your skills.\\nYou can start taking flying lessons before you’ve applied for a student pilot certificate, but you’ll need one to operate a plane by yourself. A private pilot’s license, your next step, requires a certain amount of solo flying hours.\\nYou can often apply for a student pilot certificate at the same time as your medical certificate.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take a written exam to start earning your private pilot’s license.\", \"描述\": \"The written exam can be taken at any time before the practical exam—some instructors and flight schools require it to be completed successfully before you start flying. The test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions.\\nHowever, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that you complete a solo cross-country flight before taking the written exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Pass a practical flight exam and obtain your private pilot’s license.\", \"描述\": \"To take your practical exam, you must have completed 40 total hours of flight time. Those 40 hours must include a minimum of 10 hours flying solo, of which 5 must be a solo cross-country flight, and 20 hours with an instructor. The flight exam is administered by an FAA examiner and usually lasts 1-2 hours. You must provide your own plane for the exam.\\nOnce you’ve completed this process, you’re officially a licensed pilot. You will be comfortable with the fundamentals of flying a single-engine plane.\\nYou cannot receive payment for your services when you hold this license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earning an Airline Transport Pilot's License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add an instrument rating to fly in inclement weather.\", \"描述\": \"An instrument rating requires 50 hours of cross-country flight time while serving as the pilot in command. You also need 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument flight experience to qualify. To prove your flight hours, your instructor will review your pilot logbook and set up an appointment with a dedicated pilot examiner. Then, you’ll be asked to plan a cross-country flight using instrument flight rules (which you may or may not actually fly), as well as an oral exam and flight test.\\nThis rating allows you to pilot a plane during periods of low visibility, guided solely by the airplane’s instruments.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a commercial pilot’s license to be paid to fly.\", \"描述\": \"To qualify for an FAA Commercial Pilot License, applicants must be at least 18 years old and have at least 250 hours of flight experience. Like your private pilot license, you’ll need to pass a written and flight exam. The commercial certificate requires 250 flight hours (including 100 hours as pilot in command, 50 hours cross-country, and 10 hours of dual instruction in a complex aircraft).\\nThe written exam for a commercial license contains 100 multiple choice questions. You will be given 3 hours to complete the test, and the minimum score is 70%.\\nThe practical exam must be administered by an FAA-approved examiner, a list of which can be searched here: http://av-info.faa.gov/DesigneeSearch.asp.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add a multi-engine rating to legally fly a twin engine aircraft.\", \"描述\": \"To work as an airline pilot, you must acquire a multi-engine rating to fly planes with two engines. You’ll need an endorsement from your instructor and will also have to take a practical test that includes a detailed verbal test. \\nThe oral exam can be administered by the instructor and includes questions about weight and balance, aircraft systems, and minimum controllable airspeed.\\nNo written test is required.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Earn your airline transport pilot’s license.\", \"描述\": \"To apply for this license, you must 23 years or older and have at least 1,500 hours of flying experience (that includes both night and instrument flying). You’ll also be required to pass written and flight examinations.\\nThe written exam is multiple choice and addresses subjects like flight planning and monitoring, radio navigation, meteorology, and air law.\\nThe practical exam is administered by either an FAA Inspector or an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner. It’s divided into two sections: an oral exam and a test flight.\\nThis license allows you to operate as the captain (or the “pilot in command”) of a commercial aircraft.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs with regional airlines.\", \"描述\": \"To work for a major airline, you will typically need 3,000 hours total flight time including at least 1,500 hours multi-engine, and at least 1,000 hours as pilot in command of a turbine-powered aircraft. To gain that experience, you can start by working at a regional airline, which often requires only 1,500 hours of flight time.\\nMany pilots start out at smaller airlines where they can gain experience flying on scheduled flights in a variety of weather conditions. Then, they use that experience to get higher paying jobs at bigger airlines.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete your certified flight instructor rating to work at a flight school.\", \"描述\": \"Some flight schools offer you flight hours in exchange for working as an instructor there. This is a very common route to earning the hours needed to fly for a major airline since it allows you to earn money and while building up your flight hours.\\nSimilarly, find a job as an instructor at a simulator company. Even if they cannot pay you a salary, see if you can trade your instructor hours for hours using the simulator and gaining experience to use in future job interviews.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Volunteer as a pilot to gain experience while helping others.\", \"描述\": \"Safety pilots, for instance, keep an eye out while another pilot is wearing a view-limiting device that simulates low-visibility weather conditions. You can donate your time while also earning flight hours. Or, if you are in the U.S., you can work with the Civil Air Patrol (CAP)—the official civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force. It conducts search-and-rescue missions and educational flights for younger cadets using a feel of smaller aircraft. \\nSome CAP flights require a private pilot’s license at minimum, while others have more stringent requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find “low-time” pilot jobs in your community for additional hours.\", \"描述\": \"Options include scenic flights, glider towing, aerial photography, towing banners, and pipeline patrol. These jobs may be hard to find when the market is bad for pilots, since other, more experienced pilots may be looking for work. \\nThese jobs can usually be found via word-of-mouth or contacting businesses in your area that you think might be hiring part-time pilots.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Working at an Airline\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to airlines as soon as you meet the minimum requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Prepare a one-page professional pilot resume. The resume should be broken down into sections with your contact information, ratings and flight hours, experience and chronological job history and any awards or accomplishments. \\nAsk other pilots who have direct knowledge of your flying skills to write letters of recommendation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the interview by researching the airline.\", \"描述\": \"Figure out what types of planes they operate, as well as their hub cities. Look them up online to see if there’s been any recent news about the company. Also, make sure your logbook is complete and you have an accurate record of your flight time. \\nCheck professional pilot websites where pilots share airline specific interview experiences.\\nYou may want to bring copies of records such as college transcripts, military records, and licenses to the interview.\\nIf the airline conducts a simulator check, rent a simulator at your local airport or flight school to brush up. Some companies offer airline-specific interview simulator preparation, although this specialty interview prep can be pricey.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your initial training once hired.\", \"描述\": \"Onboarding for airline pilots typically includes a week of company training, 3-6 weeks of ground school and simulator training, and 25 hours of initial operating experience (including a check ride with an FAA aviation safety inspector).\\nOnce trained, you'll be required to complete regular training and simulator checks. These usually occur once or twice a year.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start working at the airline as a flight engineer.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the type of aircraft, new airline pilots start as first officers or flight engineers. Although some airlines favor applicants who already have a flight engineer’s license, they may provide flight engineer training for those who have only the commercial license.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Advance to first officer after 1-5 years.\", \"描述\": \"In the airlines, advancement is usually predetermined by seniority provisions stated in union contracts. After a period of 1-5 years, you will likely be promoted to the role of first office.\\nA first officer (also known as the co-pilot) is the second-in-command to the captain.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Become a captain after 5-15 years on the job.\", \"描述\": \"Gaining seniority will also help you acquire preferred flight assignments. Your time with the airline will determine when you fly, if you fly on weekends, or if you'll be in the air during Christmas or other holidays.\\nAny time you change airlines, by choice or because you've been laid off or your airline has gone out of business, you will be starting at the bottom again at your new airline in terms of your position, schedule, and pay—regardless of experience.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Flying as a career is a stressful job. A pilot's ultimate responsibility—the safety of their passengers and cargo—means making a lot of personal sacrifices. You’ll be expected to undergo constant training and evaluation, drug and alcohol testing, background checks, and long hours.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,923 |
How to Become an Airline Pilot (Europe)
|
1. Steps
1-1. Gain the right qualifications.
This does apply for people paying for their training, but for people who are looking for scholarships and sponsorships from airlines. The qualifications that will stand out on your CV in the airline industry are in subjects like Physics, Mathematics and English. Although mainly a qualification in Physics is required, other relevant qualifications push you through the tough competition in achieving these sponsorships. But as the airline world is slowly turning to technology these days, a qualification in IT or Electronics won't hurt.
1-2. Use the correct language.
The worldwide airline language is English. If you are not an English speaker, you will need to start learning if you want to become a pilot. So, if you cannot read this article, start learning now.
1-3. Get some flight training.
If you are applying for a sponsorship and get through all the stages, the sponsor will sort everything out for you. Sponsorship schemes usually collaborate with flight training providers, so nothing to worry about there. And the training is usually completely free in this case. But if you are funding your own training, you will be looking to pay from around £50'000 to £100'000. The cost of flight training is very high, but if you have a strong ambition for piloting, you won't be questioning the price. But in most cases, the more you pay, the more well-reputed the training provider, which means an increase in your chances through the competition. Training in Europe will get you an EASA Licence. This is the licence you will need if you would like to fly for a European Airline. If you are looking to fly for an American Airline, then you should be looking for an FAA Licence.
1-4. Work on your interview skills.
Whether with flight training providers or with airlines, interviews are very important. In order to get the best out of your interview, you need lots of practice. Filming yourself or practicing with a friend/relative are both great practicing techniques. Consider looking into speaking with an experienced interviewer. They will provide you with useful information on how to conquer your interviews. And always remember to look your best when attending interviews, as interviewers have likely never seen you before and you don't want to ruin your first impressions.
1-5. Fill your CV with as much essential information as possible.
Showing you have an interest in flying is a great sign. This could be from sailplane gliding to building model aircraft. Anything related to flying gives your CV a little shine to it.
1-6. Have some good alternative skills.
Airlines want pilots with the right skills. Good communication, team-work, and organisation are the main set of skills one should have. The skills you have are important, it is not just the licence and the CV you hold that get you through.
1-7. Research.
Research is key when applying for a job. When it comes to the interview, the airline expects you to know quite a bit about them and their history. This also shows that you are well-organised and prepared for the interview.
1-8. Remember to never turn your back.
If you hold a firm career ambition in Airline Piloting, the worst thing you can do is give up. There is always a way around things, even if it is hard to do so. Life is full of difficult challenges, but one should never give up on them. Never say never.
Tips
Modular training is a lot cheaper, and involves only paying for the training you do, when you do it. It can take longer than integrated training but you can go at your own pace and fly and much or as little as you like each week.
In the UK Modular training is cheaper than Integrated training.
Integrated training is where you pay money up front to a training organisation, and have a flying schedule/lesson timetable.
Warnings
Modular training is less risky because if the flying school you are training with goes bankrupt, you can pick up where you left off with another and you won't have lost any money.
Paying for your own training is sometimes a risky choice, as you cannot get a refund. If, for what ever reason, the training provider goes bankrupt, they will kick all of the trainee's out with no refund. This is why you should always look for a safe provider with a long standing, financially strong company. This is one of the reason why training with the best is so high. It is because they are financially secure. So make sure you research quite a bit on the training provider you would like to train with.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Gain the right qualifications.\\nThis does apply for people paying for their training, but for people who are looking for scholarships and sponsorships from airlines. The qualifications that will stand out on your CV in the airline industry are in subjects like Physics, Mathematics and English. Although mainly a qualification in Physics is required, other relevant qualifications push you through the tough competition in achieving these sponsorships. But as the airline world is slowly turning to technology these days, a qualification in IT or Electronics won't hurt.\\n1-2. Use the correct language.\\nThe worldwide airline language is English. If you are not an English speaker, you will need to start learning if you want to become a pilot. So, if you cannot read this article, start learning now.\\n1-3. Get some flight training.\\nIf you are applying for a sponsorship and get through all the stages, the sponsor will sort everything out for you. Sponsorship schemes usually collaborate with flight training providers, so nothing to worry about there. And the training is usually completely free in this case. But if you are funding your own training, you will be looking to pay from around £50'000 to £100'000. The cost of flight training is very high, but if you have a strong ambition for piloting, you won't be questioning the price. But in most cases, the more you pay, the more well-reputed the training provider, which means an increase in your chances through the competition. Training in Europe will get you an EASA Licence. This is the licence you will need if you would like to fly for a European Airline. If you are looking to fly for an American Airline, then you should be looking for an FAA Licence.\\n1-4. Work on your interview skills.\\nWhether with flight training providers or with airlines, interviews are very important. In order to get the best out of your interview, you need lots of practice. Filming yourself or practicing with a friend/relative are both great practicing techniques. Consider looking into speaking with an experienced interviewer. They will provide you with useful information on how to conquer your interviews. And always remember to look your best when attending interviews, as interviewers have likely never seen you before and you don't want to ruin your first impressions.\\n1-5. Fill your CV with as much essential information as possible.\\nShowing you have an interest in flying is a great sign. This could be from sailplane gliding to building model aircraft. Anything related to flying gives your CV a little shine to it.\\n1-6. Have some good alternative skills.\\nAirlines want pilots with the right skills. Good communication, team-work, and organisation are the main set of skills one should have. The skills you have are important, it is not just the licence and the CV you hold that get you through.\\n1-7. Research.\\nResearch is key when applying for a job. When it comes to the interview, the airline expects you to know quite a bit about them and their history. This also shows that you are well-organised and prepared for the interview.\\n1-8. Remember to never turn your back.\\nIf you hold a firm career ambition in Airline Piloting, the worst thing you can do is give up. There is always a way around things, even if it is hard to do so. Life is full of difficult challenges, but one should never give up on them. Never say never.\\nTips\\nModular training is a lot cheaper, and involves only paying for the training you do, when you do it. It can take longer than integrated training but you can go at your own pace and fly and much or as little as you like each week.\\nIn the UK Modular training is cheaper than Integrated training.\\nIntegrated training is where you pay money up front to a training organisation, and have a flying schedule/lesson timetable.\\nWarnings\\nModular training is less risky because if the flying school you are training with goes bankrupt, you can pick up where you left off with another and you won't have lost any money.\\nPaying for your own training is sometimes a risky choice, as you cannot get a refund. If, for what ever reason, the training provider goes bankrupt, they will kick all of the trainee's out with no refund. This is why you should always look for a safe provider with a long standing, financially strong company. This is one of the reason why training with the best is so high. It is because they are financially secure. So make sure you research quite a bit on the training provider you would like to train with.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are many articles online on How To Become An Airline Pilot, but most of them are American versions and those articles follow different rules.\\nThis article will give you an insight on how to become one on the European perspective, as there are different rules and regulations.\\n\\nSo, if you are from Europe, or would like to fly in Europe, this article is for you. Read on, and you may find the answer for becoming an Airline Pilot in Europe!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain the right qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"This does apply for people paying for their training, but for people who are looking for scholarships and sponsorships from airlines. The qualifications that will stand out on your CV in the airline industry are in subjects like Physics, Mathematics and English. Although mainly a qualification in Physics is required, other relevant qualifications push you through the tough competition in achieving these sponsorships. But as the airline world is slowly turning to technology these days, a qualification in IT or Electronics won't hurt.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the correct language.\", \"描述\": \"The worldwide airline language is English. If you are not an English speaker, you will need to start learning if you want to become a pilot. So, if you cannot read this article, start learning now.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get some flight training.\", \"描述\": \"If you are applying for a sponsorship and get through all the stages, the sponsor will sort everything out for you. Sponsorship schemes usually collaborate with flight training providers, so nothing to worry about there. And the training is usually completely free in this case. But if you are funding your own training, you will be looking to pay from around £50'000 to £100'000. The cost of flight training is very high, but if you have a strong ambition for piloting, you won't be questioning the price. But in most cases, the more you pay, the more well-reputed the training provider, which means an increase in your chances through the competition. Training in Europe will get you an EASA Licence. This is the licence you will need if you would like to fly for a European Airline. If you are looking to fly for an American Airline, then you should be looking for an FAA Licence.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work on your interview skills.\", \"描述\": \"Whether with flight training providers or with airlines, interviews are very important. In order to get the best out of your interview, you need lots of practice. Filming yourself or practicing with a friend/relative are both great practicing techniques. Consider looking into speaking with an experienced interviewer. They will provide you with useful information on how to conquer your interviews. And always remember to look your best when attending interviews, as interviewers have likely never seen you before and you don't want to ruin your first impressions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Fill your CV with as much essential information as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Showing you have an interest in flying is a great sign. This could be from sailplane gliding to building model aircraft. Anything related to flying gives your CV a little shine to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Have some good alternative skills.\", \"描述\": \"Airlines want pilots with the right skills. Good communication, team-work, and organisation are the main set of skills one should have. The skills you have are important, it is not just the licence and the CV you hold that get you through.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Research.\", \"描述\": \"Research is key when applying for a job. When it comes to the interview, the airline expects you to know quite a bit about them and their history. This also shows that you are well-organised and prepared for the interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Remember to never turn your back.\", \"描述\": \"If you hold a firm career ambition in Airline Piloting, the worst thing you can do is give up. There is always a way around things, even if it is hard to do so. Life is full of difficult challenges, but one should never give up on them. Never say never.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Modular training is a lot cheaper, and involves only paying for the training you do, when you do it. It can take longer than integrated training but you can go at your own pace and fly and much or as little as you like each week.\\n\", \"In the UK Modular training is cheaper than Integrated training.\\n\", \"Integrated training is where you pay money up front to a training organisation, and have a flying schedule/lesson timetable.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Modular training is less risky because if the flying school you are training with goes bankrupt, you can pick up where you left off with another and you won't have lost any money.\\n\", \"Paying for your own training is sometimes a risky choice, as you cannot get a refund. If, for what ever reason, the training provider goes bankrupt, they will kick all of the trainee's out with no refund. This is why you should always look for a safe provider with a long standing, financially strong company. This is one of the reason why training with the best is so high. It is because they are financially secure. So make sure you research quite a bit on the training provider you would like to train with.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,924 |
How to Become an Alaska Bush Pilot
|
1. Steps
1-1. Log 500 hours of flight time.
To fly as pilot-in-command under FARs Part 135 requires a minimum of 500 hours of flight time. Of that 500 hours, 100 hours has to be cross-country time. And of that 100 hours, 25 hours has to be night cross-country time.
How does the FAA define cross country time? The explanation below was originally posted by the Office of the Chief Counsel, FAA: "Cross country flight time is defined as time acquired during a flight that includes a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure, not the original point of any flight leg. There is no requirement that any specific leg must be 50 nm. Moreover, a cross-country flight may include several legs that are less than a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure. Nevertheless, at least one leg of the cross-country flight, however long by itself, must include a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure."
In other words, each cross-country flight used to meet the aeronautical experience requirements under 14 CFR 61.1(b)(3) must include one leg that includes a landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure.
1-2. Be aware that different companies have different requirements.
The reality is that there are some Alaska operators who will hire a pilot with just the Part 135 minimums of 500 hours. But, most Alaska operators require 1000 hours or more in a new hire. Many of them also prefer to see some Alaska time or equivalent i.e. mountain time and/or Pacific Northwest time. For the most part, insurance companies are responsible for these pilot-employment requirements.
1-3. Build time by giving flight instruction.
If you're a low-time commercial pilot and want to build flight hours toward an eventual Alaska flying job, the best way is to give flight instruction.
There are several flight schools in Alaska. A couple of them specialize in bush flying techniques. The others are geared toward gaining the desired licenses and ratings. With CFI or CFI-I certification, you could land a job with an Alaska flight school. This is a great way to build up some Alaska time. If you decide to acquire CFI or CFI-I certification from an Alaska-based flight school, there is the possibility that the school would hire you to give flight instruction.
Teaching at an Anchorage-based flight school might be the best route toward your getting a regular flying job. The reason being, that the Anchorage area has the biggest aviation community in the state and you would get to know people who would be in a position to help you find that job when you have logged enough flight time. You would also learn a bunch more than you already know by giving instruction. And as you got to know more fellow aviators, you might also learn a lot about which companies are really cool to work for and which ones may not be so cool.
1-4. Start your first Alaska flying job in Bethel.
The town of Bethel is one of the Alaska locations where pilots new to Alaska obtain their first flying job. There is a fairly high turnover of pilots in Bethel because it is not an ideal place to live for most pilots. Nevertheless, Bethel is the main aviation hub for more than 50 Eskimo villages within the greater Yukon-Kuskokwim delta area. Flying out of Bethel is busier during the winter months than in the summer and is consequently a year-round job. Most of the flights in and out of Bethel are not tourism-related, but primarily provide mail/ cargo delivery and transportation for villagers travelling to and from other villages. During the summer months many villagers are employed in other parts of Alaska i.e. commercial fishing, mining operations, and other Alaska industries.
1-5. Take the additional actions necessary if you're a foreign pilot.
Pilots from countries other than the USA would be required to have Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial license and a work visa to be legally employed as a pilot in Alaska or anywhere else in the US. Under current FAA regulations, a JAA pilot license of any level (private, commercial, or ATP) will convert only to a FAA private pilot certificate. To convert a JAA commercial license or ATP license to the equivalent FAA license requires passing FAA written, oral and practical test.
1-6. Begin a serious job search with face-to-face interviews and trim your cover letter and resume to one page.
When the time comes to begin a serious job search, the most effective way is face-to-face meetings with Chief Pilots, owners, or Directors of Operations (whoever does the hiring of pilots). In a face-to-face interview for an Alaska flying job, you should dress neatly, but not in a suit and tie. This would require a trip to Alaska if you're living elsewhere and would require some careful planning to optimize your time and expense. Anchorage or Fairbanks would be the best places for launching a face-to-face job hunt.
If you are unable to plan a trip to Alaska, then the next best method is by sending out cover letters and resumes. A one-page cover letter should be tailored specifically to each company you're contacting. If possible it should include words indicating that you know quite a lot about the company.
1-7. Be prepared for interviews by doing your homework first.
Company websites are good sources of information. Your one-page-only resume can be more generic but you might consider tailoring your "Objective" to each individual company. Do some research on effective resume writing.
Alaska air taxi operators are mostly interested in your flying experience and in any previous employment as a pilot. So, unless you think it is truly relevant to a prospective employer, your previous work history that is not related to flying is best excluded or at least minimized. An exception to that might be citing exceptional skills in dealing with customers. A college degree is not as important for a bush flying job as flying experience.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Log 500 hours of flight time.\\nTo fly as pilot-in-command under FARs Part 135 requires a minimum of 500 hours of flight time. Of that 500 hours, 100 hours has to be cross-country time. And of that 100 hours, 25 hours has to be night cross-country time.\\nHow does the FAA define cross country time? The explanation below was originally posted by the Office of the Chief Counsel, FAA: \\\"Cross country flight time is defined as time acquired during a flight that includes a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure, not the original point of any flight leg. There is no requirement that any specific leg must be 50 nm. Moreover, a cross-country flight may include several legs that are less than a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure. Nevertheless, at least one leg of the cross-country flight, however long by itself, must include a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure.\\\"\\nIn other words, each cross-country flight used to meet the aeronautical experience requirements under 14 CFR 61.1(b)(3) must include one leg that includes a landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure.\\n1-2. Be aware that different companies have different requirements.\\nThe reality is that there are some Alaska operators who will hire a pilot with just the Part 135 minimums of 500 hours. But, most Alaska operators require 1000 hours or more in a new hire. Many of them also prefer to see some Alaska time or equivalent i.e. mountain time and/or Pacific Northwest time. For the most part, insurance companies are responsible for these pilot-employment requirements.\\n1-3. Build time by giving flight instruction.\\nIf you're a low-time commercial pilot and want to build flight hours toward an eventual Alaska flying job, the best way is to give flight instruction.\\nThere are several flight schools in Alaska. A couple of them specialize in bush flying techniques. The others are geared toward gaining the desired licenses and ratings. With CFI or CFI-I certification, you could land a job with an Alaska flight school. This is a great way to build up some Alaska time. If you decide to acquire CFI or CFI-I certification from an Alaska-based flight school, there is the possibility that the school would hire you to give flight instruction.\\nTeaching at an Anchorage-based flight school might be the best route toward your getting a regular flying job. The reason being, that the Anchorage area has the biggest aviation community in the state and you would get to know people who would be in a position to help you find that job when you have logged enough flight time. You would also learn a bunch more than you already know by giving instruction. And as you got to know more fellow aviators, you might also learn a lot about which companies are really cool to work for and which ones may not be so cool.\\n1-4. Start your first Alaska flying job in Bethel.\\nThe town of Bethel is one of the Alaska locations where pilots new to Alaska obtain their first flying job. There is a fairly high turnover of pilots in Bethel because it is not an ideal place to live for most pilots. Nevertheless, Bethel is the main aviation hub for more than 50 Eskimo villages within the greater Yukon-Kuskokwim delta area. Flying out of Bethel is busier during the winter months than in the summer and is consequently a year-round job. Most of the flights in and out of Bethel are not tourism-related, but primarily provide mail/ cargo delivery and transportation for villagers travelling to and from other villages. During the summer months many villagers are employed in other parts of Alaska i.e. commercial fishing, mining operations, and other Alaska industries.\\n1-5. Take the additional actions necessary if you're a foreign pilot.\\nPilots from countries other than the USA would be required to have Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial license and a work visa to be legally employed as a pilot in Alaska or anywhere else in the US. Under current FAA regulations, a JAA pilot license of any level (private, commercial, or ATP) will convert only to a FAA private pilot certificate. To convert a JAA commercial license or ATP license to the equivalent FAA license requires passing FAA written, oral and practical test.\\n1-6. Begin a serious job search with face-to-face interviews and trim your cover letter and resume to one page.\\nWhen the time comes to begin a serious job search, the most effective way is face-to-face meetings with Chief Pilots, owners, or Directors of Operations (whoever does the hiring of pilots). In a face-to-face interview for an Alaska flying job, you should dress neatly, but not in a suit and tie. This would require a trip to Alaska if you're living elsewhere and would require some careful planning to optimize your time and expense. Anchorage or Fairbanks would be the best places for launching a face-to-face job hunt.\\nIf you are unable to plan a trip to Alaska, then the next best method is by sending out cover letters and resumes. A one-page cover letter should be tailored specifically to each company you're contacting. If possible it should include words indicating that you know quite a lot about the company.\\n1-7. Be prepared for interviews by doing your homework first.\\nCompany websites are good sources of information. Your one-page-only resume can be more generic but you might consider tailoring your \\\"Objective\\\" to each individual company. Do some research on effective resume writing.\\nAlaska air taxi operators are mostly interested in your flying experience and in any previous employment as a pilot. So, unless you think it is truly relevant to a prospective employer, your previous work history that is not related to flying is best excluded or at least minimized. An exception to that might be citing exceptional skills in dealing with customers. A college degree is not as important for a bush flying job as flying experience.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're craving a daring career in the wildernes, you might love working as an Alaska bush pilot. You have to meet a lot of requirements to legally operate an air taxi, but we can help you explore the different options to make your dream into a reality!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Log 500 hours of flight time.\", \"描述\": \"To fly as pilot-in-command under FARs Part 135 requires a minimum of 500 hours of flight time. Of that 500 hours, 100 hours has to be cross-country time. And of that 100 hours, 25 hours has to be night cross-country time.\\nHow does the FAA define cross country time? The explanation below was originally posted by the Office of the Chief Counsel, FAA: \\\"Cross country flight time is defined as time acquired during a flight that includes a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure, not the original point of any flight leg. There is no requirement that any specific leg must be 50 nm. Moreover, a cross-country flight may include several legs that are less than a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure. Nevertheless, at least one leg of the cross-country flight, however long by itself, must include a point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure.\\\"\\nIn other words, each cross-country flight used to meet the aeronautical experience requirements under 14 CFR 61.1(b)(3) must include one leg that includes a landing that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm from the original point of departure.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be aware that different companies have different requirements.\", \"描述\": \"The reality is that there are some Alaska operators who will hire a pilot with just the Part 135 minimums of 500 hours. But, most Alaska operators require 1000 hours or more in a new hire. Many of them also prefer to see some Alaska time or equivalent i.e. mountain time and/or Pacific Northwest time. For the most part, insurance companies are responsible for these pilot-employment requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build time by giving flight instruction.\", \"描述\": \"If you're a low-time commercial pilot and want to build flight hours toward an eventual Alaska flying job, the best way is to give flight instruction.\\nThere are several flight schools in Alaska. A couple of them specialize in bush flying techniques. The others are geared toward gaining the desired licenses and ratings. With CFI or CFI-I certification, you could land a job with an Alaska flight school. This is a great way to build up some Alaska time. If you decide to acquire CFI or CFI-I certification from an Alaska-based flight school, there is the possibility that the school would hire you to give flight instruction.\\nTeaching at an Anchorage-based flight school might be the best route toward your getting a regular flying job. The reason being, that the Anchorage area has the biggest aviation community in the state and you would get to know people who would be in a position to help you find that job when you have logged enough flight time. You would also learn a bunch more than you already know by giving instruction. And as you got to know more fellow aviators, you might also learn a lot about which companies are really cool to work for and which ones may not be so cool.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start your first Alaska flying job in Bethel.\", \"描述\": \"The town of Bethel is one of the Alaska locations where pilots new to Alaska obtain their first flying job. There is a fairly high turnover of pilots in Bethel because it is not an ideal place to live for most pilots. Nevertheless, Bethel is the main aviation hub for more than 50 Eskimo villages within the greater Yukon-Kuskokwim delta area. Flying out of Bethel is busier during the winter months than in the summer and is consequently a year-round job. Most of the flights in and out of Bethel are not tourism-related, but primarily provide mail/ cargo delivery and transportation for villagers travelling to and from other villages. During the summer months many villagers are employed in other parts of Alaska i.e. commercial fishing, mining operations, and other Alaska industries.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the additional actions necessary if you're a foreign pilot.\", \"描述\": \"Pilots from countries other than the USA would be required to have Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial license and a work visa to be legally employed as a pilot in Alaska or anywhere else in the US. Under current FAA regulations, a JAA pilot license of any level (private, commercial, or ATP) will convert only to a FAA private pilot certificate. To convert a JAA commercial license or ATP license to the equivalent FAA license requires passing FAA written, oral and practical test.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Begin a serious job search with face-to-face interviews and trim your cover letter and resume to one page.\", \"描述\": \"When the time comes to begin a serious job search, the most effective way is face-to-face meetings with Chief Pilots, owners, or Directors of Operations (whoever does the hiring of pilots). In a face-to-face interview for an Alaska flying job, you should dress neatly, but not in a suit and tie. This would require a trip to Alaska if you're living elsewhere and would require some careful planning to optimize your time and expense. Anchorage or Fairbanks would be the best places for launching a face-to-face job hunt.\\nIf you are unable to plan a trip to Alaska, then the next best method is by sending out cover letters and resumes. A one-page cover letter should be tailored specifically to each company you're contacting. If possible it should include words indicating that you know quite a lot about the company.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for interviews by doing your homework first.\", \"描述\": \"Company websites are good sources of information. Your one-page-only resume can be more generic but you might consider tailoring your \\\"Objective\\\" to each individual company. Do some research on effective resume writing.\\nAlaska air taxi operators are mostly interested in your flying experience and in any previous employment as a pilot. So, unless you think it is truly relevant to a prospective employer, your previous work history that is not related to flying is best excluded or at least minimized. An exception to that might be citing exceptional skills in dealing with customers. A college degree is not as important for a bush flying job as flying experience.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,925 |
How to Become an Alaska Resident
|
1. Establishing Residency
1-1. Move to Alaska.
To become a resident, you need to be physically present in the state, and you must intend to stay in Alaska indefinitely.
1-2. Take a second qualifying step.
Mere physical presence is not enough to establish residency. You also need to take an additional action that shows you intend to make Alaska your permanent home. This second step can include:
signing a contract to move household goods to Alaska. (Employer paid moving contracts do not qualify.)
being employed in Alaska, as proved by employment records.
owning a principal place of residence in Alaska, proved by a home purchase contract or rent receipts. (Employer provided housing does not qualify.)
registering to vote in Alaska.
registering a motor vehicle in Alaska.
1-3. Take the second step early.
If you want to qualify for a PFD, then you must take your second step before January 1 of the year you hope to qualify.
You may register to vote by contacting the Alaska Division of Elections. If registering from within Alaska, you will need to provide a driver’s license, a birth certificate, or some other form of personal identification, such as a passport. If you are registering outside the state, then you will need some document that shows your residency, such as proof of employment in Alaska.
To get an identification card, you will need to take the following documents to the DMV: proof of legal name and date of birth (such as a birth certificate); a secondary document that verifies your first (such as an IRS or state tax form); proof of your principal residence, such as a utility bill or rental documents; a Social Security number; and documents related to a name change (if applicable).
Alaska encourages all residents to get an identification card even if they have a driver’s license. ID cards cost $15.
1-4. Claim Alaskan residency if in the military.
Service members must formally claim Alaska as their residency with the military, and the paperwork must be processed by December 31 of the year before your qualifying year.
For example, if you want to qualify as a resident for 2016, your paperwork must go through by December 31, 2015.
Service members must also take a second qualifying step before July 1 of their qualifying year. The same steps apply to the military as to the general public: register a vehicle, register to vote, obtain a state driver’s license, or purchase or rent an Alaskan home.
The spouse of a service member must take the second qualifying step before January 1 of the qualifying year.
1-5. Preserve the documents that prove you plan to remain in Alaska indefinitely.
You may be required to prove residency, especially if you seek to participate in the Permanent Fund Dividend, which distributes oil revenues to Alaskan residents.
Keep multiple copies of documents in a safe place. A safe deposit box is a great way to preserve records.
If you lose your driver’s license, replace it immediately.
1-6. Sever connections to a prior domicile.
To be an Alaskan resident, you cannot maintain customary ties to another state. Accordingly, you should not:
Register to vote in another state, even as part of registration drives.
Keep a driver’s license from another state.
Pay income taxes as a resident in another state.
1-7. Use your Alaskan residence as your permanent address.
You may maintain a second home in another state, but be sure not to use that address on any official government forms, such as tax returns.
2. Maintaining Residency
2-1. Do not take any steps “inconsistent” with maintaining residency in Alaska indefinitely.
Inconsistent steps are those steps establishing customary ties with a state other than Alaska.
If you register a vehicle in another state or register to vote in another state, you are signaling that you do not consider Alaska to be your permanent home.
2-2. Follow rules for allowable absences.
All residents may be absent for 180 days for whatever reason. Students and members of the military may be physically out of state for extended periods of time. Alaska allows you to maintain your residence provided you follow rules for allowable absences.
Report absences. You must report all absences over 90 days. Failure to report is considered fraud.
Military personnel may be excused for days in excess of 180 if they are serving on active duty or their spouse is.
Students may qualify for a 120 days in addition to the time claimed for being a student in good standing. The student must be attending school full-time. A narrow exception exists if you are in your final year; you may have one semester below full-time provided you are on track to graduate.
Students and military personnel must spend at least 72 consecutive hours in Alaska every two years. You must have proof of your presence, such as boarding passes with your name on it or sales receipts showing that you made purchases in Alaska over a 72-hour period.
2-3. Seek assistance.
If you have questions about maintaining your residency, contact the Dividend Information ofices.
2-4. Continue to live in Alaska for at least 1 year.
You must reside in Alaska for 12 months before you can be considered a legal resident for purposes of the Permanent Fund Dividend.
3. Applying for the Permanent Division Fund
3-1. Visit the website.
You may apply for the Permanent Division Fund at their website. An online application is available January 1.
Each person must fill out an application.
3-2. Get a hard copy.
If you prefer to fill out a printed application, you may get a copy from any of the distribution centers around the state.
3-3. File your application.
The deadline is March 31. Be sure to gather proof of filing.
If you file online, print off the "Congratulations!" page. This contains your PFD confirmation number.
If you mail it, a delivery or proof of mail receipt will suffice.
If you hand-deliver the application, then be sure to ask for a receipt.
3-4. Sign the application.
Even if you file electronically, you must still sign the document. There are two ways: either print a signature page off or sign electronically.
To print a signature page, click on the "Reprint a Signature" tab at the PFD website. The link is on the right.
Enter your applicant details and hit "Search." Then click "Required Item" and then "Document Center."
Print off the signature page after selecting it from "Required Items." Mail the signed page to the "Alaska Department of Revenue, Permanent Fund Dividend Division, P.O. Box 110462, Juneau, AK 99811-042." It may also be faxed to 907-465-3470.
Alternately, you may sign the application electronically. To do so, you must create a myAlaska.gov account.
A myAlaska account is only available if you are an adult who has received the PFD previously.
Step-by-step instructions for electronic signatures are available here.
Tips
As soon as you move to Alaska, go and get your driver's license and register to vote. You can register to vote at the Department of Motor Vehicles while you are getting your license. The date you arrive in Alaska and become a resident is used to determine residency for fishing and hunting licenses in the state, so 12 months after the first proof of residency you can provide is the date that you can apply for a resident hunting or fishing license.
In order to receive a PFD, you must have become a resident prior to January 1 of the first year you plan to qualify for a dividend. The application for a PFD is available online and in many places around the state. You must apply for the PFD by March 31 each year in order to be eligible to receive a PFD.
Warnings
Claiming residency when you are not a resident is considered fraud and will be treated as such under the law.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Establishing Residency\\n1-1. Move to Alaska.\\nTo become a resident, you need to be physically present in the state, and you must intend to stay in Alaska indefinitely.\\n1-2. Take a second qualifying step.\\nMere physical presence is not enough to establish residency. You also need to take an additional action that shows you intend to make Alaska your permanent home. This second step can include:\\nsigning a contract to move household goods to Alaska. (Employer paid moving contracts do not qualify.)\\nbeing employed in Alaska, as proved by employment records.\\nowning a principal place of residence in Alaska, proved by a home purchase contract or rent receipts. (Employer provided housing does not qualify.)\\nregistering to vote in Alaska.\\nregistering a motor vehicle in Alaska.\\n1-3. Take the second step early.\\nIf you want to qualify for a PFD, then you must take your second step before January 1 of the year you hope to qualify.\\nYou may register to vote by contacting the Alaska Division of Elections. If registering from within Alaska, you will need to provide a driver’s license, a birth certificate, or some other form of personal identification, such as a passport. If you are registering outside the state, then you will need some document that shows your residency, such as proof of employment in Alaska.\\nTo get an identification card, you will need to take the following documents to the DMV: proof of legal name and date of birth (such as a birth certificate); a secondary document that verifies your first (such as an IRS or state tax form); proof of your principal residence, such as a utility bill or rental documents; a Social Security number; and documents related to a name change (if applicable). \\nAlaska encourages all residents to get an identification card even if they have a driver’s license. ID cards cost $15.\\n1-4. Claim Alaskan residency if in the military.\\nService members must formally claim Alaska as their residency with the military, and the paperwork must be processed by December 31 of the year before your qualifying year.\\nFor example, if you want to qualify as a resident for 2016, your paperwork must go through by December 31, 2015.\\nService members must also take a second qualifying step before July 1 of their qualifying year. The same steps apply to the military as to the general public: register a vehicle, register to vote, obtain a state driver’s license, or purchase or rent an Alaskan home.\\nThe spouse of a service member must take the second qualifying step before January 1 of the qualifying year.\\n1-5. Preserve the documents that prove you plan to remain in Alaska indefinitely.\\nYou may be required to prove residency, especially if you seek to participate in the Permanent Fund Dividend, which distributes oil revenues to Alaskan residents.\\nKeep multiple copies of documents in a safe place. A safe deposit box is a great way to preserve records.\\nIf you lose your driver’s license, replace it immediately.\\n1-6. Sever connections to a prior domicile.\\nTo be an Alaskan resident, you cannot maintain customary ties to another state. Accordingly, you should not:\\nRegister to vote in another state, even as part of registration drives.\\nKeep a driver’s license from another state.\\nPay income taxes as a resident in another state.\\n1-7. Use your Alaskan residence as your permanent address.\\nYou may maintain a second home in another state, but be sure not to use that address on any official government forms, such as tax returns.\\n2. Maintaining Residency\\n2-1. Do not take any steps “inconsistent” with maintaining residency in Alaska indefinitely.\\nInconsistent steps are those steps establishing customary ties with a state other than Alaska.\\nIf you register a vehicle in another state or register to vote in another state, you are signaling that you do not consider Alaska to be your permanent home.\\n2-2. Follow rules for allowable absences.\\nAll residents may be absent for 180 days for whatever reason. Students and members of the military may be physically out of state for extended periods of time. Alaska allows you to maintain your residence provided you follow rules for allowable absences.\\nReport absences. You must report all absences over 90 days. Failure to report is considered fraud.\\nMilitary personnel may be excused for days in excess of 180 if they are serving on active duty or their spouse is.\\nStudents may qualify for a 120 days in addition to the time claimed for being a student in good standing. The student must be attending school full-time. A narrow exception exists if you are in your final year; you may have one semester below full-time provided you are on track to graduate.\\nStudents and military personnel must spend at least 72 consecutive hours in Alaska every two years. You must have proof of your presence, such as boarding passes with your name on it or sales receipts showing that you made purchases in Alaska over a 72-hour period.\\n2-3. Seek assistance.\\nIf you have questions about maintaining your residency, contact the Dividend Information ofices.\\n2-4. Continue to live in Alaska for at least 1 year.\\nYou must reside in Alaska for 12 months before you can be considered a legal resident for purposes of the Permanent Fund Dividend.\\n3. Applying for the Permanent Division Fund\\n3-1. Visit the website.\\nYou may apply for the Permanent Division Fund at their website. An online application is available January 1.\\nEach person must fill out an application.\\n3-2. Get a hard copy.\\nIf you prefer to fill out a printed application, you may get a copy from any of the distribution centers around the state.\\n3-3. File your application.\\nThe deadline is March 31. Be sure to gather proof of filing.\\nIf you file online, print off the \\\"Congratulations!\\\" page. This contains your PFD confirmation number.\\nIf you mail it, a delivery or proof of mail receipt will suffice.\\nIf you hand-deliver the application, then be sure to ask for a receipt.\\n3-4. Sign the application.\\nEven if you file electronically, you must still sign the document. There are two ways: either print a signature page off or sign electronically.\\nTo print a signature page, click on the \\\"Reprint a Signature\\\" tab at the PFD website. The link is on the right.\\nEnter your applicant details and hit \\\"Search.\\\" Then click \\\"Required Item\\\" and then \\\"Document Center.\\\"\\nPrint off the signature page after selecting it from \\\"Required Items.\\\" Mail the signed page to the \\\"Alaska Department of Revenue, Permanent Fund Dividend Division, P.O. Box 110462, Juneau, AK 99811-042.\\\" It may also be faxed to 907-465-3470.\\nAlternately, you may sign the application electronically. To do so, you must create a myAlaska.gov account.\\nA myAlaska account is only available if you are an adult who has received the PFD previously.\\nStep-by-step instructions for electronic signatures are available here.\\nTips\\nAs soon as you move to Alaska, go and get your driver's license and register to vote. You can register to vote at the Department of Motor Vehicles while you are getting your license. The date you arrive in Alaska and become a resident is used to determine residency for fishing and hunting licenses in the state, so 12 months after the first proof of residency you can provide is the date that you can apply for a resident hunting or fishing license.\\nIn order to receive a PFD, you must have become a resident prior to January 1 of the first year you plan to qualify for a dividend. The application for a PFD is available online and in many places around the state. You must apply for the PFD by March 31 each year in order to be eligible to receive a PFD.\\nWarnings\\nClaiming residency when you are not a resident is considered fraud and will be treated as such under the law.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Alaska residents receive discounted rates on licenses for some of the best fishing and hunting in the United States, and the Alaska government distributes a Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD) to each eligible resident every year. To qualify as a resident, you need to intend to make Alaska your permanent home. Because showing intent is difficult, Alaska will look to see that you have established and maintained “customary ties” with the state.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establishing Residency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Move to Alaska.\", \"描述\": \"To become a resident, you need to be physically present in the state, and you must intend to stay in Alaska indefinitely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take a second qualifying step.\", \"描述\": \"Mere physical presence is not enough to establish residency. You also need to take an additional action that shows you intend to make Alaska your permanent home. This second step can include:\\nsigning a contract to move household goods to Alaska. (Employer paid moving contracts do not qualify.)\\nbeing employed in Alaska, as proved by employment records.\\nowning a principal place of residence in Alaska, proved by a home purchase contract or rent receipts. (Employer provided housing does not qualify.)\\nregistering to vote in Alaska.\\nregistering a motor vehicle in Alaska.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the second step early.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to qualify for a PFD, then you must take your second step before January 1 of the year you hope to qualify.\\nYou may register to vote by contacting the Alaska Division of Elections. If registering from within Alaska, you will need to provide a driver’s license, a birth certificate, or some other form of personal identification, such as a passport. If you are registering outside the state, then you will need some document that shows your residency, such as proof of employment in Alaska.\\nTo get an identification card, you will need to take the following documents to the DMV: proof of legal name and date of birth (such as a birth certificate); a secondary document that verifies your first (such as an IRS or state tax form); proof of your principal residence, such as a utility bill or rental documents; a Social Security number; and documents related to a name change (if applicable). \\nAlaska encourages all residents to get an identification card even if they have a driver’s license. ID cards cost $15.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Claim Alaskan residency if in the military.\", \"描述\": \"Service members must formally claim Alaska as their residency with the military, and the paperwork must be processed by December 31 of the year before your qualifying year.\\nFor example, if you want to qualify as a resident for 2016, your paperwork must go through by December 31, 2015.\\nService members must also take a second qualifying step before July 1 of their qualifying year. The same steps apply to the military as to the general public: register a vehicle, register to vote, obtain a state driver’s license, or purchase or rent an Alaskan home.\\nThe spouse of a service member must take the second qualifying step before January 1 of the qualifying year.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Preserve the documents that prove you plan to remain in Alaska indefinitely.\", \"描述\": \"You may be required to prove residency, especially if you seek to participate in the Permanent Fund Dividend, which distributes oil revenues to Alaskan residents.\\nKeep multiple copies of documents in a safe place. A safe deposit box is a great way to preserve records.\\nIf you lose your driver’s license, replace it immediately.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sever connections to a prior domicile.\", \"描述\": \"To be an Alaskan resident, you cannot maintain customary ties to another state. Accordingly, you should not:\\nRegister to vote in another state, even as part of registration drives.\\nKeep a driver’s license from another state.\\nPay income taxes as a resident in another state.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use your Alaskan residence as your permanent address.\", \"描述\": \"You may maintain a second home in another state, but be sure not to use that address on any official government forms, such as tax returns.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Residency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do not take any steps “inconsistent” with maintaining residency in Alaska indefinitely.\", \"描述\": \"Inconsistent steps are those steps establishing customary ties with a state other than Alaska.\\nIf you register a vehicle in another state or register to vote in another state, you are signaling that you do not consider Alaska to be your permanent home.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow rules for allowable absences.\", \"描述\": \"All residents may be absent for 180 days for whatever reason. Students and members of the military may be physically out of state for extended periods of time. Alaska allows you to maintain your residence provided you follow rules for allowable absences.\\nReport absences. You must report all absences over 90 days. Failure to report is considered fraud.\\nMilitary personnel may be excused for days in excess of 180 if they are serving on active duty or their spouse is.\\nStudents may qualify for a 120 days in addition to the time claimed for being a student in good standing. The student must be attending school full-time. A narrow exception exists if you are in your final year; you may have one semester below full-time provided you are on track to graduate.\\nStudents and military personnel must spend at least 72 consecutive hours in Alaska every two years. You must have proof of your presence, such as boarding passes with your name on it or sales receipts showing that you made purchases in Alaska over a 72-hour period.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek assistance.\", \"描述\": \"If you have questions about maintaining your residency, contact the Dividend Information ofices.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue to live in Alaska for at least 1 year.\", \"描述\": \"You must reside in Alaska for 12 months before you can be considered a legal resident for purposes of the Permanent Fund Dividend.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for the Permanent Division Fund\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit the website.\", \"描述\": \"You may apply for the Permanent Division Fund at their website. An online application is available January 1.\\nEach person must fill out an application.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a hard copy.\", \"描述\": \"If you prefer to fill out a printed application, you may get a copy from any of the distribution centers around the state.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"File your application.\", \"描述\": \"The deadline is March 31. Be sure to gather proof of filing.\\nIf you file online, print off the \\\"Congratulations!\\\" page. This contains your PFD confirmation number.\\nIf you mail it, a delivery or proof of mail receipt will suffice.\\nIf you hand-deliver the application, then be sure to ask for a receipt.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign the application.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you file electronically, you must still sign the document. There are two ways: either print a signature page off or sign electronically.\\nTo print a signature page, click on the \\\"Reprint a Signature\\\" tab at the PFD website. The link is on the right.\\nEnter your applicant details and hit \\\"Search.\\\" Then click \\\"Required Item\\\" and then \\\"Document Center.\\\"\\nPrint off the signature page after selecting it from \\\"Required Items.\\\" Mail the signed page to the \\\"Alaska Department of Revenue, Permanent Fund Dividend Division, P.O. Box 110462, Juneau, AK 99811-042.\\\" It may also be faxed to 907-465-3470.\\nAlternately, you may sign the application electronically. To do so, you must create a myAlaska.gov account.\\nA myAlaska account is only available if you are an adult who has received the PFD previously.\\nStep-by-step instructions for electronic signatures are available here.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As soon as you move to Alaska, go and get your driver's license and register to vote. You can register to vote at the Department of Motor Vehicles while you are getting your license. The date you arrive in Alaska and become a resident is used to determine residency for fishing and hunting licenses in the state, so 12 months after the first proof of residency you can provide is the date that you can apply for a resident hunting or fishing license.\\n\", \"In order to receive a PFD, you must have become a resident prior to January 1 of the first year you plan to qualify for a dividend. The application for a PFD is available online and in many places around the state. You must apply for the PFD by March 31 each year in order to be eligible to receive a PFD.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Claiming residency when you are not a resident is considered fraud and will be treated as such under the law.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,926 |
How to Become an Alaska State Trooper
|
1. Meeting the Minimum Qualifications
1-1. Earn your high school diploma.
Before you can enter the Public Safety Training Academy, you have to complete high school. If you dropped out of school before you graduated, you can earn your GED in order to meet the Academy’s educational qualification.
If you were homeschooled, you’ll have to present your diploma from a home school program that’s recognized or certified by the state where you earned your diploma.
1-2. Become a United States citizen.
If you’re already a US citizen, you’re set. If you’re a permanent resident, you must have plans to become a citizen. The Alaska Department of Public Safety might ask you to demonstrate that intention by providing dates for your citizenship exam.
You don’t have to be an Alaska resident, only a resident of the United States, to become a Trooper.
1-3. Be 21 years old or older.
To enter the Academy, you have to be at least 21 years old. If you’re a few months away from 21, you can still apply – you just won’t be able to enter the Academy until you have your birthday.
1-4. Have a valid driver's license.
Your driver’s license has to be issued in the United States. It doesn’t, however, have to be an Alaska driver’s license.
Your license cannot be expired when you apply to the Academy.
1-5. Demonstrate that you’ve abided by the law.
Because Alaska State Troopers are not only police officers, but public safety officers, too, your legal record has to be basically spotless. There are a number of disqualifying events related to following the law.
You can’t have used marijuana – even if it’s legal in the state where you live – in the last 12 months.
You also can’t have manufactured, transported, purchased, distributed, or sold controlled substances while you served in a position associated with law enforcement.
If you’ve been convicted of a felony related to domestic violence, regardless of whether the decision was ever set aside, you aren’t eligible to be an Alaska State Trooper.
You also can’t have been convicted of a misdemeanor or felony, or be on court-ordered probation.
1-6. Show that you have not been rejected from other police training programs.
To be accepted into the Academy, you have to show that you’ve never been let go from other police departments or training academies. If you were let go at any point during a training academy, you’re not eligible to be a trooper.
This includes having your certification revoked by the Alaska State Police Council.
You also can’t have been disqualified from a formal background check in the 12 months before you applied to the Academy.
2. Submitting Your Application
2-1. Take the Law Enforcement Officer Exam.
The Law Enforcement Officer Exam is a written and physical exam that you sign up for through the Public Safety Testing website (https://www.publicsafetytesting.com/wizard/department/testsets/). Once you sign up to take the exam, you’ll receive study materials electronically.
What is on the exam will vary, but it will be related to the study materials you receive and will test your knowledge of the laws you'll be expected to uphold.
Once you receive your study materials, set a study schedule for yourself. Cover so much of the study guide each day to make sure you get through all of it before the exam.
The exam is only offered a few times a year in a few different locations. You can contact Public Safety Testing through their website to ask them to set an exam nearer to you.
Arrive at the exam location about 30 minutes early so you can register and get settled before the exam begins.
The written exam is administered first, followed by the physical exam. You should set aside 6 to 8 hours on exam day to complete both parts.
On the day of the exam, make sure you bring a government-issued ID with you, plus the Applicant Liability Waiver and Release Agreement that will come in your exam study materials. The waiver should be notarized - if you can't get it notarized before the exam, a notary will be available 10 minutes prior to the exam.
Leave any bags and electronic devices in your car for the written exam. If you've brought clothes to change into for the physical exam, you'll have about 10 minutes to grab them and change. Or you can just wear those clothes to your exam.
You should get your scores within 2 to 3 business days after the exam. If you fail, you can retest every 90 days.
2-2. Create an account on the Government Jobs website.
Once you've passed the Law Enforcement Officers Exam, you’ll need the account to access the application for the Alaska State Troopers. Go the Government Jobs website (https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/alaska?) and click the button at the top of the job posting that says "Create an account." Follow the prompts.
You'll need a valid email address and you'll have to create a password you can remember.
2-3. Fill out the application on the Government jobs website.
You can search the website for careers by state. Type in Alaska, and then scroll through the jobs until you see “State Trooper Recruit/Lateral.”
You can also access the application through Alaska’s Department of Public Safety website. The website will tell you if applications are currently being accepted.
If you already have an active police certification and one year of patrol experience, you’re considered a “State Trooper Lateral,” which means you’re coming into the Troopers from another police department.
2-4. Submit additional documentation.
The hiring process for Alaska State Troopers takes almost a year. This is mostly because they have a very thorough background check process, which requires that you submit documentation beyond your application.
You’ll need your birth certificate, plus court documents showing that your name has changed if applicable.
Your high school transcripts showing the granting of your diploma or your testing results for the GED will need to be submitted. You’ll also need transcripts for all post-secondary education you completed, even if you didn’t earn a degree.
A 10-year work history and a 10-year residential history are also required. You must include every single job and residence you’ve had in the last ten years.
If you’re a former military member, you’ll need your discharge papers for every period of service for every branch of the military in which you served.
If you’re a Naturalized citizen, you’ll need your Naturalization papers and a photograph.
You also need to include the telephone numbers and addresses of your current and former spouses/partners.
3. Completing the Interview and Physical Fitness Exam
3-1. Travel to Anchorage, Alaska.
The interview and physical fitness exam are the last steps in the hiring process before you enter the Academy. If you’re invited to interview, you’ll have to pay your own way to Anchorage, and make plans to stay for 10 to 12 days.
It can take several weeks for you to hear from a recruiter about an interview, so stay patient.
3-2. Perform at least 25 pushups.
When you’re taking the pushup test, a tester will place a 3-inch (7.5 cm) wooden block below your sternum. You have to touch the block with your chest each time you lower yourself down.
You can rest during the test, but only in the “up” position with your arms fully extended and your back straight.
If you move your hands and feet at all to reposition them, the test is considered over.
3-3. Take a 1-minute sit-up test.
You’ll need to perform 27 sit-ups in under a minute to past this portion of the test. Your hips must remain on the floor while your knees are bent with your feet flat on the floor. You can rest in the up position only, when your elbows are touching or extending past your knees.
3-4. Run a timed run.
The predetermined course is always 1.5 miles (2.5 km) long, but it might take place in a different area each time – on a track, down a sidewalk, or a cross-country trail. You have to complete the run in 15 minutes and 12 seconds.
4. Attending the Public Safety Training Academy
4-1. Complete the Alaska Law Enforcement Training program.
The A.L.E.T. program is specifically for Alaska State Trooper recruits or laterals. If you successfully complete the interview and physical fitness exam, you'll be invited to join the program. It’s 15 weeks long, and physically and mentally intense.
4-2. Follow the ALET program training and education schedule.
This includes physical conditioning runs from 5:10 to 7:00 am, and classroom and practical training from 7:50 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday. Throughout this program, you'll learn law enforcement strategy, including legal knowledge, proper procedures, and how to apprehend and arrest someone. You'll also be trained in weapons handling.
If you need testing or driving instruction, this will generally take place on the weekend.
4-3. Attend the Trooper Basic Course.
If you're going to be hired as an Alaska State Trooper, you'll be notified before you graduate from the A.L.E.T. program. If you are, you’ll need to complete another three-week Trooper Basic Course. This focuses on more specialized training, with legal knowledge and procedures related to the things you might see as a Trooper, including how to handle situations in the wilderness.
If you aren't hired as an Alaska State Trooper at this point, you'll need to reapply and go through the entire process again. You can do so during the next recruitment cycle. There are two recruitment cycles per year - one in the spring and one in the fall.
4-4. Get your first assignment.
Your first duty assignment will be in one of three places: Soldotna, Fairbanks, and Palmer. You will be asked what your preference is, but you might not necessarily get it. Each of the three areas will give you a chance to get some experience in larger cities before you're possibly reassigned somewhere smaller.
Your assignments can include elements of highway traffic enforcement, rural law enforcement, statewide drug and alcohol enforcement and statewide major crimes investigations. You'll likely start with highway traffic and rural law enforcement.
Tips
You do not have to have prior police experience to become an Alaska State Trooper recruit.
If you fail the physical fitness test, you’ll need to retake it. You have to wait until the next recruitment period to retest, and you’ll have to travel back to Anchorage to do so.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Minimum Qualifications\\n1-1. Earn your high school diploma.\\nBefore you can enter the Public Safety Training Academy, you have to complete high school. If you dropped out of school before you graduated, you can earn your GED in order to meet the Academy’s educational qualification.\\nIf you were homeschooled, you’ll have to present your diploma from a home school program that’s recognized or certified by the state where you earned your diploma.\\n1-2. Become a United States citizen.\\nIf you’re already a US citizen, you’re set. If you’re a permanent resident, you must have plans to become a citizen. The Alaska Department of Public Safety might ask you to demonstrate that intention by providing dates for your citizenship exam.\\nYou don’t have to be an Alaska resident, only a resident of the United States, to become a Trooper.\\n1-3. Be 21 years old or older.\\nTo enter the Academy, you have to be at least 21 years old. If you’re a few months away from 21, you can still apply – you just won’t be able to enter the Academy until you have your birthday.\\n1-4. Have a valid driver's license.\\nYour driver’s license has to be issued in the United States. It doesn’t, however, have to be an Alaska driver’s license.\\nYour license cannot be expired when you apply to the Academy.\\n1-5. Demonstrate that you’ve abided by the law.\\nBecause Alaska State Troopers are not only police officers, but public safety officers, too, your legal record has to be basically spotless. There are a number of disqualifying events related to following the law.\\nYou can’t have used marijuana – even if it’s legal in the state where you live – in the last 12 months.\\nYou also can’t have manufactured, transported, purchased, distributed, or sold controlled substances while you served in a position associated with law enforcement.\\nIf you’ve been convicted of a felony related to domestic violence, regardless of whether the decision was ever set aside, you aren’t eligible to be an Alaska State Trooper.\\nYou also can’t have been convicted of a misdemeanor or felony, or be on court-ordered probation.\\n1-6. Show that you have not been rejected from other police training programs.\\nTo be accepted into the Academy, you have to show that you’ve never been let go from other police departments or training academies. If you were let go at any point during a training academy, you’re not eligible to be a trooper.\\nThis includes having your certification revoked by the Alaska State Police Council.\\nYou also can’t have been disqualified from a formal background check in the 12 months before you applied to the Academy.\\n2. Submitting Your Application\\n2-1. Take the Law Enforcement Officer Exam.\\nThe Law Enforcement Officer Exam is a written and physical exam that you sign up for through the Public Safety Testing website (https://www.publicsafetytesting.com/wizard/department/testsets/). Once you sign up to take the exam, you’ll receive study materials electronically. \\nWhat is on the exam will vary, but it will be related to the study materials you receive and will test your knowledge of the laws you'll be expected to uphold.\\nOnce you receive your study materials, set a study schedule for yourself. Cover so much of the study guide each day to make sure you get through all of it before the exam.\\nThe exam is only offered a few times a year in a few different locations. You can contact Public Safety Testing through their website to ask them to set an exam nearer to you.\\nArrive at the exam location about 30 minutes early so you can register and get settled before the exam begins.\\nThe written exam is administered first, followed by the physical exam. You should set aside 6 to 8 hours on exam day to complete both parts.\\nOn the day of the exam, make sure you bring a government-issued ID with you, plus the Applicant Liability Waiver and Release Agreement that will come in your exam study materials. The waiver should be notarized - if you can't get it notarized before the exam, a notary will be available 10 minutes prior to the exam.\\nLeave any bags and electronic devices in your car for the written exam. If you've brought clothes to change into for the physical exam, you'll have about 10 minutes to grab them and change. Or you can just wear those clothes to your exam.\\nYou should get your scores within 2 to 3 business days after the exam. If you fail, you can retest every 90 days.\\n2-2. Create an account on the Government Jobs website.\\nOnce you've passed the Law Enforcement Officers Exam, you’ll need the account to access the application for the Alaska State Troopers. Go the Government Jobs website (https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/alaska?) and click the button at the top of the job posting that says \\\"Create an account.\\\" Follow the prompts.\\nYou'll need a valid email address and you'll have to create a password you can remember.\\n2-3. Fill out the application on the Government jobs website.\\nYou can search the website for careers by state. Type in Alaska, and then scroll through the jobs until you see “State Trooper Recruit/Lateral.”\\nYou can also access the application through Alaska’s Department of Public Safety website. The website will tell you if applications are currently being accepted.\\nIf you already have an active police certification and one year of patrol experience, you’re considered a “State Trooper Lateral,” which means you’re coming into the Troopers from another police department.\\n2-4. Submit additional documentation.\\nThe hiring process for Alaska State Troopers takes almost a year. This is mostly because they have a very thorough background check process, which requires that you submit documentation beyond your application.\\nYou’ll need your birth certificate, plus court documents showing that your name has changed if applicable.\\nYour high school transcripts showing the granting of your diploma or your testing results for the GED will need to be submitted. You’ll also need transcripts for all post-secondary education you completed, even if you didn’t earn a degree.\\nA 10-year work history and a 10-year residential history are also required. You must include every single job and residence you’ve had in the last ten years.\\nIf you’re a former military member, you’ll need your discharge papers for every period of service for every branch of the military in which you served.\\nIf you’re a Naturalized citizen, you’ll need your Naturalization papers and a photograph.\\nYou also need to include the telephone numbers and addresses of your current and former spouses/partners.\\n3. Completing the Interview and Physical Fitness Exam\\n3-1. Travel to Anchorage, Alaska.\\nThe interview and physical fitness exam are the last steps in the hiring process before you enter the Academy. If you’re invited to interview, you’ll have to pay your own way to Anchorage, and make plans to stay for 10 to 12 days.\\nIt can take several weeks for you to hear from a recruiter about an interview, so stay patient.\\n3-2. Perform at least 25 pushups.\\nWhen you’re taking the pushup test, a tester will place a 3-inch (7.5 cm) wooden block below your sternum. You have to touch the block with your chest each time you lower yourself down.\\nYou can rest during the test, but only in the “up” position with your arms fully extended and your back straight.\\nIf you move your hands and feet at all to reposition them, the test is considered over.\\n3-3. Take a 1-minute sit-up test.\\nYou’ll need to perform 27 sit-ups in under a minute to past this portion of the test. Your hips must remain on the floor while your knees are bent with your feet flat on the floor. You can rest in the up position only, when your elbows are touching or extending past your knees.\\n3-4. Run a timed run.\\nThe predetermined course is always 1.5 miles (2.5 km) long, but it might take place in a different area each time – on a track, down a sidewalk, or a cross-country trail. You have to complete the run in 15 minutes and 12 seconds.\\n4. Attending the Public Safety Training Academy\\n4-1. Complete the Alaska Law Enforcement Training program.\\nThe A.L.E.T. program is specifically for Alaska State Trooper recruits or laterals. If you successfully complete the interview and physical fitness exam, you'll be invited to join the program. It’s 15 weeks long, and physically and mentally intense.\\n4-2. Follow the ALET program training and education schedule.\\nThis includes physical conditioning runs from 5:10 to 7:00 am, and classroom and practical training from 7:50 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday. Throughout this program, you'll learn law enforcement strategy, including legal knowledge, proper procedures, and how to apprehend and arrest someone. You'll also be trained in weapons handling.\\nIf you need testing or driving instruction, this will generally take place on the weekend.\\n4-3. Attend the Trooper Basic Course.\\nIf you're going to be hired as an Alaska State Trooper, you'll be notified before you graduate from the A.L.E.T. program. If you are, you’ll need to complete another three-week Trooper Basic Course. This focuses on more specialized training, with legal knowledge and procedures related to the things you might see as a Trooper, including how to handle situations in the wilderness.\\nIf you aren't hired as an Alaska State Trooper at this point, you'll need to reapply and go through the entire process again. You can do so during the next recruitment cycle. There are two recruitment cycles per year - one in the spring and one in the fall.\\n4-4. Get your first assignment.\\nYour first duty assignment will be in one of three places: Soldotna, Fairbanks, and Palmer. You will be asked what your preference is, but you might not necessarily get it. Each of the three areas will give you a chance to get some experience in larger cities before you're possibly reassigned somewhere smaller.\\nYour assignments can include elements of highway traffic enforcement, rural law enforcement, statewide drug and alcohol enforcement and statewide major crimes investigations. You'll likely start with highway traffic and rural law enforcement.\\nTips\\nYou do not have to have prior police experience to become an Alaska State Trooper recruit.\\nIf you fail the physical fitness test, you’ll need to retake it. You have to wait until the next recruitment period to retest, and you’ll have to travel back to Anchorage to do so.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being an Alaska State Trooper makes you part of an elite law enforcement agency. This means it's a lengthy process to become one. You’ll need to make sure you meet a series of minimum legal and educational requirements. If you’re asked to interview, you’ll need to travel to Alaska to take a physical fitness test. The Public Safety Academy training lasts for 15 weeks and includes a combination of physical fitness and course work. If you can make it to the end of the 10-month process, you might join the elite ranks of the Alaska State Troopers.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Minimum Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn your high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can enter the Public Safety Training Academy, you have to complete high school. If you dropped out of school before you graduated, you can earn your GED in order to meet the Academy’s educational qualification.\\nIf you were homeschooled, you’ll have to present your diploma from a home school program that’s recognized or certified by the state where you earned your diploma.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a United States citizen.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re already a US citizen, you’re set. If you’re a permanent resident, you must have plans to become a citizen. The Alaska Department of Public Safety might ask you to demonstrate that intention by providing dates for your citizenship exam.\\nYou don’t have to be an Alaska resident, only a resident of the United States, to become a Trooper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be 21 years old or older.\", \"描述\": \"To enter the Academy, you have to be at least 21 years old. If you’re a few months away from 21, you can still apply – you just won’t be able to enter the Academy until you have your birthday.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have a valid driver's license.\", \"描述\": \"Your driver’s license has to be issued in the United States. It doesn’t, however, have to be an Alaska driver’s license.\\nYour license cannot be expired when you apply to the Academy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate that you’ve abided by the law.\", \"描述\": \"Because Alaska State Troopers are not only police officers, but public safety officers, too, your legal record has to be basically spotless. There are a number of disqualifying events related to following the law.\\nYou can’t have used marijuana – even if it’s legal in the state where you live – in the last 12 months.\\nYou also can’t have manufactured, transported, purchased, distributed, or sold controlled substances while you served in a position associated with law enforcement.\\nIf you’ve been convicted of a felony related to domestic violence, regardless of whether the decision was ever set aside, you aren’t eligible to be an Alaska State Trooper.\\nYou also can’t have been convicted of a misdemeanor or felony, or be on court-ordered probation.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Show that you have not been rejected from other police training programs.\", \"描述\": \"To be accepted into the Academy, you have to show that you’ve never been let go from other police departments or training academies. If you were let go at any point during a training academy, you’re not eligible to be a trooper.\\nThis includes having your certification revoked by the Alaska State Police Council.\\nYou also can’t have been disqualified from a formal background check in the 12 months before you applied to the Academy.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Submitting Your Application\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take the Law Enforcement Officer Exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Law Enforcement Officer Exam is a written and physical exam that you sign up for through the Public Safety Testing website (https://www.publicsafetytesting.com/wizard/department/testsets/). Once you sign up to take the exam, you’ll receive study materials electronically. \\nWhat is on the exam will vary, but it will be related to the study materials you receive and will test your knowledge of the laws you'll be expected to uphold.\\nOnce you receive your study materials, set a study schedule for yourself. Cover so much of the study guide each day to make sure you get through all of it before the exam.\\nThe exam is only offered a few times a year in a few different locations. You can contact Public Safety Testing through their website to ask them to set an exam nearer to you.\\nArrive at the exam location about 30 minutes early so you can register and get settled before the exam begins.\\nThe written exam is administered first, followed by the physical exam. You should set aside 6 to 8 hours on exam day to complete both parts.\\nOn the day of the exam, make sure you bring a government-issued ID with you, plus the Applicant Liability Waiver and Release Agreement that will come in your exam study materials. The waiver should be notarized - if you can't get it notarized before the exam, a notary will be available 10 minutes prior to the exam.\\nLeave any bags and electronic devices in your car for the written exam. If you've brought clothes to change into for the physical exam, you'll have about 10 minutes to grab them and change. Or you can just wear those clothes to your exam.\\nYou should get your scores within 2 to 3 business days after the exam. If you fail, you can retest every 90 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create an account on the Government Jobs website.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've passed the Law Enforcement Officers Exam, you’ll need the account to access the application for the Alaska State Troopers. Go the Government Jobs website (https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/alaska?) and click the button at the top of the job posting that says \\\"Create an account.\\\" Follow the prompts.\\nYou'll need a valid email address and you'll have to create a password you can remember.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fill out the application on the Government jobs website.\", \"描述\": \"You can search the website for careers by state. Type in Alaska, and then scroll through the jobs until you see “State Trooper Recruit/Lateral.”\\nYou can also access the application through Alaska’s Department of Public Safety website. The website will tell you if applications are currently being accepted.\\nIf you already have an active police certification and one year of patrol experience, you’re considered a “State Trooper Lateral,” which means you’re coming into the Troopers from another police department.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit additional documentation.\", \"描述\": \"The hiring process for Alaska State Troopers takes almost a year. This is mostly because they have a very thorough background check process, which requires that you submit documentation beyond your application.\\nYou’ll need your birth certificate, plus court documents showing that your name has changed if applicable.\\nYour high school transcripts showing the granting of your diploma or your testing results for the GED will need to be submitted. You’ll also need transcripts for all post-secondary education you completed, even if you didn’t earn a degree.\\nA 10-year work history and a 10-year residential history are also required. You must include every single job and residence you’ve had in the last ten years.\\nIf you’re a former military member, you’ll need your discharge papers for every period of service for every branch of the military in which you served.\\nIf you’re a Naturalized citizen, you’ll need your Naturalization papers and a photograph.\\nYou also need to include the telephone numbers and addresses of your current and former spouses/partners.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing the Interview and Physical Fitness Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Travel to Anchorage, Alaska.\", \"描述\": \"The interview and physical fitness exam are the last steps in the hiring process before you enter the Academy. If you’re invited to interview, you’ll have to pay your own way to Anchorage, and make plans to stay for 10 to 12 days.\\nIt can take several weeks for you to hear from a recruiter about an interview, so stay patient.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform at least 25 pushups.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re taking the pushup test, a tester will place a 3-inch (7.5 cm) wooden block below your sternum. You have to touch the block with your chest each time you lower yourself down.\\nYou can rest during the test, but only in the “up” position with your arms fully extended and your back straight.\\nIf you move your hands and feet at all to reposition them, the test is considered over.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a 1-minute sit-up test.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to perform 27 sit-ups in under a minute to past this portion of the test. Your hips must remain on the floor while your knees are bent with your feet flat on the floor. You can rest in the up position only, when your elbows are touching or extending past your knees.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Run a timed run.\", \"描述\": \"The predetermined course is always 1.5 miles (2.5 km) long, but it might take place in a different area each time – on a track, down a sidewalk, or a cross-country trail. You have to complete the run in 15 minutes and 12 seconds.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attending the Public Safety Training Academy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the Alaska Law Enforcement Training program.\", \"描述\": \"The A.L.E.T. program is specifically for Alaska State Trooper recruits or laterals. If you successfully complete the interview and physical fitness exam, you'll be invited to join the program. It’s 15 weeks long, and physically and mentally intense.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the ALET program training and education schedule.\", \"描述\": \"This includes physical conditioning runs from 5:10 to 7:00 am, and classroom and practical training from 7:50 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday. Throughout this program, you'll learn law enforcement strategy, including legal knowledge, proper procedures, and how to apprehend and arrest someone. You'll also be trained in weapons handling.\\nIf you need testing or driving instruction, this will generally take place on the weekend.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend the Trooper Basic Course.\", \"描述\": \"If you're going to be hired as an Alaska State Trooper, you'll be notified before you graduate from the A.L.E.T. program. If you are, you’ll need to complete another three-week Trooper Basic Course. This focuses on more specialized training, with legal knowledge and procedures related to the things you might see as a Trooper, including how to handle situations in the wilderness.\\nIf you aren't hired as an Alaska State Trooper at this point, you'll need to reapply and go through the entire process again. You can do so during the next recruitment cycle. There are two recruitment cycles per year - one in the spring and one in the fall.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your first assignment.\", \"描述\": \"Your first duty assignment will be in one of three places: Soldotna, Fairbanks, and Palmer. You will be asked what your preference is, but you might not necessarily get it. Each of the three areas will give you a chance to get some experience in larger cities before you're possibly reassigned somewhere smaller.\\nYour assignments can include elements of highway traffic enforcement, rural law enforcement, statewide drug and alcohol enforcement and statewide major crimes investigations. You'll likely start with highway traffic and rural law enforcement.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You do not have to have prior police experience to become an Alaska State Trooper recruit.\\n\", \"If you fail the physical fitness test, you’ll need to retake it. You have to wait until the next recruitment period to retest, and you’ll have to travel back to Anchorage to do so.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,927 |
How to Become an Alchemist
|
1. Breaking Down the Self
1-1. Engage in calcination.
Calcination was, traditionally, the process of breaking a substance down by heating it in a crucible. Psychologically, it can be thought of as breaking down your sense of self in order to change into a stronger, more aware individual. Consider your old self the "lead" that is going to be transformed. Instead of literally heating lead over an open flame, you will be breaking down your sense of self to transmute yourself into your "gold" potential.
Set aside at least 20 minutes every day to reflect on your day and contemplate your life. Any life transformation begins with recognizing that a change is necessary for whatever reason. One of the best ways to reach that conclusion on your own is to practice daily self-reflection.
If you have a hard time focusing at first, that's okay. The important thing is to make a habit of being alone and reflecting on your life each day. The insights will come if you give yourself the time and space to practice.
Whatever method of self-reflection you find most appealing, make a habit of doing it every day.
1-2. Practice dissolution.
Dissolution (derived from the word "dissolve") involves turning a calcinated (broken down) solid into a liquid, typically by dissolving the ashes in water. From a psychological/transformative standpoint, dissolution means immersing yourself in the unconscious regions of your mind. Part of that process requires you to stop repressing buried thoughts and memories. Some people consider this step to require engaging in "flow," the process of engaging in something so wholeheartedly that we lose track of time, forgetting ourselves and our surroundings. Flow (and by extension, dissolution) requires the following actions:
determine what you want to accomplish
concentrate for prolonged periods of time
forget or abandon your own consciousness
experience the feeling that time is passing quickly
look for direct feedback on your self
recognize and maintain a balance between your own abilities and the challenge/task at hand
maintain personal control over the situation you're faced with
find a sense of reward and purpose from the activity at hand
forget (temporarily) your bodily needs
become completely absorbed in the activity at hand
1-3. Enter the separation stage.
In traditional alchemy, separation is the process of filtering the results of dissolution to isolate the individual components and discard the baser, undesirable materials. In terms of personal transformation, separation involves rediscovering who you are at your core - the visionary "gold" of your life that was previously muddied by the baser, "lead"-like elements of your life. It requires a conscious choice of what is worth getting rid of and what is worth reincorporating into your new, refined personality.
Determining your own values can be a helpful way to choose what is worth keeping versus what is worth getting rid of. Try thinking about what characteristics you respect most in someone you admire, and why those characteristics are important. You could also think about what issues or events are most important/meaningful to you in your life.
Writing in a journal is a great way to gain insight and become more self-aware. It allows you to catalog your thoughts and make connections between the way you think and the way you behave.
Recognizing your own negative qualities is probably the most profound realization one can have, but sometimes we need help in realizing our shortcomings. If you ask a few trusted friends to give you an honest assessment, though, you'll probably gain some valuable insight into what aspects of your personality or demeanor could stand to change.
2. Building a New Self
2-1. Practice conjunction.
Alchemically, conjunction involves assembling the saved elements from the separation stage into something new and different. In terms of personal transformation, conjunction requires you to combine the conscious and subconscious minds, as well as elements of the masculine and feminine components of your personality, into something new. That something can be a new system of personal beliefs, a new personality, or a new state of consciousness, but it is essential that that new vision of yourself emerges from the existing parts of you. In other words, don't try to become that which you are not - become the best parts of who you already are.
Try removing yourself from any distractions to a quiet place. Close your eyes and focus solely on the pattern of your breathing. Breathe slowly through your nostrils and into your abdomen, pause, and exhale slowly through the nostrils.
Any time your mind starts to wander while meditating, return your thoughts to your breath. Focus on the sensation of breathing in through your nostrils, the feeling of your abdomen rising and falling, and the sensation of the air escaping back out through your nostrils.
Try visualizing the best version of yourself. Imagine everything going well in your life, and imagine yourself as being fully prepared and in control of everything in your life. Think about what is most important to you and what aspects of yourself you value the most.
2-2. Begin fermentation.
Fermentation traditionally involved using microorganisms (such as bacteria or yeast, for example) to chemically alter a substance. Common applications of fermentation include the use of yeast to convert sugar into alcohol or the use of bacteria to turn milk into cheese. In terms of personal transformation, fermentation requires you to accept inspiration of some type that will energize or enlighten you.
Fermentation is often achieved through various means of focus and transformation. These include (but are not limited to) deep and intense prayer, deep meditation, a conscious desire for some mystical or spiritual union with a higher power, transformative therapy, or altered states of consciousness.
2-3. Proceed to distillation.
Distillation is the process of heating a substance until it turns to vapor, then collecting the condensed vapor as it cools into a liquid. Distillation is sometimes called purifying because it further removes impurities and nonessential components (for example, think about how brandy is distilled from wine by boiling off the water). When it comes to personal transformation, distillation is the "purification" of your personal psychic forces to ensure that nothing remains of the undesirable elements of your old self.
Objective personal introspection is the best way to practice distillation. Distance yourself from all emotions and sentimentality and evaluate what remains of your identity.
Consider your life from the viewpoint of someone else - perhaps a friend or relative who knows you well and has given you valuable advice in the past. What aspects of yourself would that person consider to be the most vital elements of who you are?
2-4. Finalize change with coagulation.
Coagulation occurs when a liquid or gas is permitted to return to a solid state. In transformative terms, coagulation is the final stage of alchemical change - it is marked by a profound sense of confidence and the ability to continue to exist in any aspect of reality.
Upon achieving coagulation, you should experience a sense of rejuvenation and a sense of higher being. This will vary, of course, depending on who has experienced the transformation, but will be accompanied by a new sense of self, regardless of the particulars of your transformation.
Tips
Never give up on learning and seeking to better yourself.
Be patient and forgiving of yourself and others to make real, meaningful transformations in your life.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Breaking Down the Self\\n1-1. Engage in calcination.\\nCalcination was, traditionally, the process of breaking a substance down by heating it in a crucible. Psychologically, it can be thought of as breaking down your sense of self in order to change into a stronger, more aware individual. Consider your old self the \\\"lead\\\" that is going to be transformed. Instead of literally heating lead over an open flame, you will be breaking down your sense of self to transmute yourself into your \\\"gold\\\" potential.\\nSet aside at least 20 minutes every day to reflect on your day and contemplate your life. Any life transformation begins with recognizing that a change is necessary for whatever reason. One of the best ways to reach that conclusion on your own is to practice daily self-reflection.\\nIf you have a hard time focusing at first, that's okay. The important thing is to make a habit of being alone and reflecting on your life each day. The insights will come if you give yourself the time and space to practice.\\nWhatever method of self-reflection you find most appealing, make a habit of doing it every day.\\n1-2. Practice dissolution.\\nDissolution (derived from the word \\\"dissolve\\\") involves turning a calcinated (broken down) solid into a liquid, typically by dissolving the ashes in water. From a psychological/transformative standpoint, dissolution means immersing yourself in the unconscious regions of your mind. Part of that process requires you to stop repressing buried thoughts and memories. Some people consider this step to require engaging in \\\"flow,\\\" the process of engaging in something so wholeheartedly that we lose track of time, forgetting ourselves and our surroundings. Flow (and by extension, dissolution) requires the following actions:\\ndetermine what you want to accomplish\\nconcentrate for prolonged periods of time\\nforget or abandon your own consciousness\\nexperience the feeling that time is passing quickly\\nlook for direct feedback on your self\\nrecognize and maintain a balance between your own abilities and the challenge/task at hand\\nmaintain personal control over the situation you're faced with\\nfind a sense of reward and purpose from the activity at hand\\nforget (temporarily) your bodily needs\\nbecome completely absorbed in the activity at hand\\n1-3. Enter the separation stage.\\nIn traditional alchemy, separation is the process of filtering the results of dissolution to isolate the individual components and discard the baser, undesirable materials. In terms of personal transformation, separation involves rediscovering who you are at your core - the visionary \\\"gold\\\" of your life that was previously muddied by the baser, \\\"lead\\\"-like elements of your life. It requires a conscious choice of what is worth getting rid of and what is worth reincorporating into your new, refined personality.\\nDetermining your own values can be a helpful way to choose what is worth keeping versus what is worth getting rid of. Try thinking about what characteristics you respect most in someone you admire, and why those characteristics are important. You could also think about what issues or events are most important/meaningful to you in your life.\\nWriting in a journal is a great way to gain insight and become more self-aware. It allows you to catalog your thoughts and make connections between the way you think and the way you behave.\\nRecognizing your own negative qualities is probably the most profound realization one can have, but sometimes we need help in realizing our shortcomings. If you ask a few trusted friends to give you an honest assessment, though, you'll probably gain some valuable insight into what aspects of your personality or demeanor could stand to change.\\n2. Building a New Self\\n2-1. Practice conjunction.\\nAlchemically, conjunction involves assembling the saved elements from the separation stage into something new and different. In terms of personal transformation, conjunction requires you to combine the conscious and subconscious minds, as well as elements of the masculine and feminine components of your personality, into something new. That something can be a new system of personal beliefs, a new personality, or a new state of consciousness, but it is essential that that new vision of yourself emerges from the existing parts of you. In other words, don't try to become that which you are not - become the best parts of who you already are.\\nTry removing yourself from any distractions to a quiet place. Close your eyes and focus solely on the pattern of your breathing. Breathe slowly through your nostrils and into your abdomen, pause, and exhale slowly through the nostrils.\\nAny time your mind starts to wander while meditating, return your thoughts to your breath. Focus on the sensation of breathing in through your nostrils, the feeling of your abdomen rising and falling, and the sensation of the air escaping back out through your nostrils.\\nTry visualizing the best version of yourself. Imagine everything going well in your life, and imagine yourself as being fully prepared and in control of everything in your life. Think about what is most important to you and what aspects of yourself you value the most.\\n2-2. Begin fermentation.\\nFermentation traditionally involved using microorganisms (such as bacteria or yeast, for example) to chemically alter a substance. Common applications of fermentation include the use of yeast to convert sugar into alcohol or the use of bacteria to turn milk into cheese. In terms of personal transformation, fermentation requires you to accept inspiration of some type that will energize or enlighten you.\\nFermentation is often achieved through various means of focus and transformation. These include (but are not limited to) deep and intense prayer, deep meditation, a conscious desire for some mystical or spiritual union with a higher power, transformative therapy, or altered states of consciousness.\\n2-3. Proceed to distillation.\\nDistillation is the process of heating a substance until it turns to vapor, then collecting the condensed vapor as it cools into a liquid. Distillation is sometimes called purifying because it further removes impurities and nonessential components (for example, think about how brandy is distilled from wine by boiling off the water). When it comes to personal transformation, distillation is the \\\"purification\\\" of your personal psychic forces to ensure that nothing remains of the undesirable elements of your old self.\\nObjective personal introspection is the best way to practice distillation. Distance yourself from all emotions and sentimentality and evaluate what remains of your identity.\\nConsider your life from the viewpoint of someone else - perhaps a friend or relative who knows you well and has given you valuable advice in the past. What aspects of yourself would that person consider to be the most vital elements of who you are?\\n2-4. Finalize change with coagulation.\\nCoagulation occurs when a liquid or gas is permitted to return to a solid state. In transformative terms, coagulation is the final stage of alchemical change - it is marked by a profound sense of confidence and the ability to continue to exist in any aspect of reality.\\nUpon achieving coagulation, you should experience a sense of rejuvenation and a sense of higher being. This will vary, of course, depending on who has experienced the transformation, but will be accompanied by a new sense of self, regardless of the particulars of your transformation.\\nTips\\nNever give up on learning and seeking to better yourself.\\nBe patient and forgiving of yourself and others to make real, meaningful transformations in your life.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When you hear the word alchemy, you might think of the original definition of the word: trying to transform base metals (like lead) into more valuable metals (such as gold). But alchemy is also a term used to describe transformative life practices and habits people engage in. While science has proven that the traditional definition of alchemy isn't possible, that doesn't mean you can't become a modern-day alchemist according to the new definition. In this article, we'll walk you through how you can become an \\\"alchemist\\\" and acquire a new, higher sense of self.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Breaking Down the Self\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Engage in calcination.\", \"描述\": \"Calcination was, traditionally, the process of breaking a substance down by heating it in a crucible. Psychologically, it can be thought of as breaking down your sense of self in order to change into a stronger, more aware individual. Consider your old self the \\\"lead\\\" that is going to be transformed. Instead of literally heating lead over an open flame, you will be breaking down your sense of self to transmute yourself into your \\\"gold\\\" potential.\\nSet aside at least 20 minutes every day to reflect on your day and contemplate your life. Any life transformation begins with recognizing that a change is necessary for whatever reason. One of the best ways to reach that conclusion on your own is to practice daily self-reflection.\\nIf you have a hard time focusing at first, that's okay. The important thing is to make a habit of being alone and reflecting on your life each day. The insights will come if you give yourself the time and space to practice.\\nWhatever method of self-reflection you find most appealing, make a habit of doing it every day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice dissolution.\", \"描述\": \"Dissolution (derived from the word \\\"dissolve\\\") involves turning a calcinated (broken down) solid into a liquid, typically by dissolving the ashes in water. From a psychological/transformative standpoint, dissolution means immersing yourself in the unconscious regions of your mind. Part of that process requires you to stop repressing buried thoughts and memories. Some people consider this step to require engaging in \\\"flow,\\\" the process of engaging in something so wholeheartedly that we lose track of time, forgetting ourselves and our surroundings. Flow (and by extension, dissolution) requires the following actions:\\ndetermine what you want to accomplish\\nconcentrate for prolonged periods of time\\nforget or abandon your own consciousness\\nexperience the feeling that time is passing quickly\\nlook for direct feedback on your self\\nrecognize and maintain a balance between your own abilities and the challenge/task at hand\\nmaintain personal control over the situation you're faced with\\nfind a sense of reward and purpose from the activity at hand\\nforget (temporarily) your bodily needs\\nbecome completely absorbed in the activity at hand\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter the separation stage.\", \"描述\": \"In traditional alchemy, separation is the process of filtering the results of dissolution to isolate the individual components and discard the baser, undesirable materials. In terms of personal transformation, separation involves rediscovering who you are at your core - the visionary \\\"gold\\\" of your life that was previously muddied by the baser, \\\"lead\\\"-like elements of your life. It requires a conscious choice of what is worth getting rid of and what is worth reincorporating into your new, refined personality.\\nDetermining your own values can be a helpful way to choose what is worth keeping versus what is worth getting rid of. Try thinking about what characteristics you respect most in someone you admire, and why those characteristics are important. You could also think about what issues or events are most important/meaningful to you in your life.\\nWriting in a journal is a great way to gain insight and become more self-aware. It allows you to catalog your thoughts and make connections between the way you think and the way you behave.\\nRecognizing your own negative qualities is probably the most profound realization one can have, but sometimes we need help in realizing our shortcomings. If you ask a few trusted friends to give you an honest assessment, though, you'll probably gain some valuable insight into what aspects of your personality or demeanor could stand to change.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building a New Self\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice conjunction.\", \"描述\": \"Alchemically, conjunction involves assembling the saved elements from the separation stage into something new and different. In terms of personal transformation, conjunction requires you to combine the conscious and subconscious minds, as well as elements of the masculine and feminine components of your personality, into something new. That something can be a new system of personal beliefs, a new personality, or a new state of consciousness, but it is essential that that new vision of yourself emerges from the existing parts of you. In other words, don't try to become that which you are not - become the best parts of who you already are.\\nTry removing yourself from any distractions to a quiet place. Close your eyes and focus solely on the pattern of your breathing. Breathe slowly through your nostrils and into your abdomen, pause, and exhale slowly through the nostrils.\\nAny time your mind starts to wander while meditating, return your thoughts to your breath. Focus on the sensation of breathing in through your nostrils, the feeling of your abdomen rising and falling, and the sensation of the air escaping back out through your nostrils.\\nTry visualizing the best version of yourself. Imagine everything going well in your life, and imagine yourself as being fully prepared and in control of everything in your life. Think about what is most important to you and what aspects of yourself you value the most.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin fermentation.\", \"描述\": \"Fermentation traditionally involved using microorganisms (such as bacteria or yeast, for example) to chemically alter a substance. Common applications of fermentation include the use of yeast to convert sugar into alcohol or the use of bacteria to turn milk into cheese. In terms of personal transformation, fermentation requires you to accept inspiration of some type that will energize or enlighten you.\\nFermentation is often achieved through various means of focus and transformation. These include (but are not limited to) deep and intense prayer, deep meditation, a conscious desire for some mystical or spiritual union with a higher power, transformative therapy, or altered states of consciousness.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Proceed to distillation.\", \"描述\": \"Distillation is the process of heating a substance until it turns to vapor, then collecting the condensed vapor as it cools into a liquid. Distillation is sometimes called purifying because it further removes impurities and nonessential components (for example, think about how brandy is distilled from wine by boiling off the water). When it comes to personal transformation, distillation is the \\\"purification\\\" of your personal psychic forces to ensure that nothing remains of the undesirable elements of your old self.\\nObjective personal introspection is the best way to practice distillation. Distance yourself from all emotions and sentimentality and evaluate what remains of your identity.\\nConsider your life from the viewpoint of someone else - perhaps a friend or relative who knows you well and has given you valuable advice in the past. What aspects of yourself would that person consider to be the most vital elements of who you are?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finalize change with coagulation.\", \"描述\": \"Coagulation occurs when a liquid or gas is permitted to return to a solid state. In transformative terms, coagulation is the final stage of alchemical change - it is marked by a profound sense of confidence and the ability to continue to exist in any aspect of reality.\\nUpon achieving coagulation, you should experience a sense of rejuvenation and a sense of higher being. This will vary, of course, depending on who has experienced the transformation, but will be accompanied by a new sense of self, regardless of the particulars of your transformation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Never give up on learning and seeking to better yourself.\\n\", \"Be patient and forgiving of yourself and others to make real, meaningful transformations in your life.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,928 |
How to Become a True Alpha Male: Leading with Confidence
|
1. Build your strength and physical wellness.
Treat your body well so it will always perform like you need it to.
Focus on being able to do things, rather than looking a certain way. Being an alpha isn't about having a muscular physique or being able to benchpress a certain amount of weight—it's about being strong and healthy.
For example, if you're physically fit, you can help a friend pack up and move without having to take multiple extensive breaks to recover.
Physical wellness extends to substance use as well. A true alpha doesn't go out binge drinking every weekend and come into work late on Monday morning nursing a hangover.
If you take care of yourself, others will be more likely to believe you're capable of taking care of others—and taking care of others is one of the main things a real leader does.
2. Express your feelings to a romantic interest openly.
Approach romantic interests with confidence and respect.
Assertiveness comes from a place of mutual respect. Because you respect yourself and your romantic interest, you're not going to play games or keep them guessing. Instead, you're going to tell them how you feel and let them choose what to do with that information.
If they say "no" or otherwise indicate that they're not interested, a true alpha knows to leave them alone rather than push. You know that rejection is a part of life and you take it in stride.
If they say "yes," on the other hand, you've set the stage for a potentially healthy and respectful relationship to develop.
3. Identify and live by your core values.
Act according to your core values to enhance your reliability and predictability.
An alpha has strong core values. If you haven't figured yours out yet, do some soul searching and make a list of the things that are most important to you. Focus on active values to guide your behavior, such as honesty and responsibility (which are also core alpha traits).
Choose 2 or 3 values that you're going to hold as the most important. With every action you take and every decision you make, ask yourself first if it advances your core values.
For example, if you choose "honesty" as one of your core values, you would strive to always behave honestly. You would avoid cutting corners and acting dishonestly, even if it made things harder for you in the short run.
Always stand up and defend your core values. For example, if one of your core values is "equality," you might speak out when someone makes a sexist or misogynist remark.
4. Cultivate an optimistic outlook.
When you believe in yourself you can better adapt to challenges.
Being optimistic doesn't mean you bury your head in the sand and ignore the harsh realities of the world around you. It simply means that you believe that no matter what happens, everything will ultimately be okay. People know they can count on an alpha to confront challenges straight-on and look for solutions rather than getting caught up in negative thinking.
For example, suppose your work team has just found out about a shipment delay. Some might panic, but an alpha would see an opportunity to transition to something else until the shipment arrived.
Being optimistic also means encouraging others to find a way over the various hurdles and stumbling blocks that appear in their paths.
5. Project confidence through your body language.
Maintain good posture and don't be afraid to take up space.
Practice standing and walking with good posture—keep your chest out and your shoulders back. Keep your arms to your side or behind you and gesture as you speak. This isn't about adopting specific hand gestures, but moving your hands in a way that feels natural and authentic to you.
If you unapologetically own the space where you're sitting or standing, you give off the impression that you're confident and comfortable in your own skin—even if you're not.
If you're working to become an alpha, this is one area where you can "fake it till you make it." If you walk, sit, stand, and speak with confidence, that's what people will see.
6. Treat everyone with dignity and respect.
Connect with people's humanity even if they can't do anything for you.
A true alpha is secure in who they are and knows they don't have to put other people down to build themselves up. Everyone is worthy of the same respect you expect people to pay to you.
Encourage others to improve and succeed and celebrate their victories with them. They'll appreciate your support.
The key here is to be respectful even if you don't stand to gain anything from the interaction. Too many people are only nice when they want something, or believe a person can help them in some way—those people aren't alphas.
7. Express curiosity and empathy toward others.
Seek to learn as much as you can about the lives and experiences of others.
The more you understand about other people, the better you'll be able to lead them. Listen to people's stories and find ways you can relate to them personally.
As you listen, validate the person's feelings so they feel heard and believe they were right to speak to you.
8. Work to improve the world around you.
Do what you can to make your community a better place.
What you specifically do depends on your core values and your skills, but anyone can help improve the place where they live. This might mean getting active in politics, volunteering at a local charity, or mentoring young people in your neighborhood.
If you open your eyes and ears, you'll quickly notice things you can do to help. A true alpha doesn't wait for someone else to start something, they start it themselves!
For example, if the local park is always trashy, you might start trash pickup days once a week. At first, you might be the only one—but once people notice your commitment and consistency, they'll show up.
9. Set achievable and realistic goals for yourself.
Work toward SMART goals for constant self-improvement.
Set "SMART" goals that are specific, measurable, achievable (or attainable), relevant, and time-bound. Alphas tend to be goal-oriented, which means they take an active role in the direction of their life rather than simply coasting through it. Here's what a SMART goal might look like for you if you want to improve your physical fitness through running:
: run in and complete a 5k race
: you'll sign up for a local 5k and participate in it; you can also use fitness apps to measure and monitor your progress toward your goal
: you'll do a "couch to 5k" program to help get in shape before the race
: running a 5k gives you a goal and helps improve your overall fitness, especially your cardiovascular fitness
: sign up for a local 5k in a couple of months
10. Push yourself out of your comfort zone.
Expand your horizons by trying new things and taking on risks.
It's easy to sit back and be content with what you have rather than striving for more—but alphas don't take the easy way out. Challenging yourself to do things that don't come easily helps you grow as a person and build your confidence and self-esteem.
This also means facing your own fears. For example, if you have a fear of public speaking, you might sign up to present projects in front of smaller groups so that you become more comfortable speaking in front of others.
At the same time, this doesn't mean that you never do things that are relaxing or enjoyable. It just means that you know when to push yourself.
11. Practice discipline and self-control.
Focus on what you want to achieve and act in your own best interests.
Part of being an alpha means not allowing compulsions, fixations, or substances to control your thoughts and actions. As an alpha, you try to be in control of yourself as much as you can, which means avoiding vices except rarely and in moderation. You're also able to resist the call of a temptation that will only provide short-term happiness (at best) because you know you'll get more satisfaction from achieving your long-term goals.
For example, you might be tempted to splurge on a new shirt, but you're able to resist because you know that you'll get much more satisfaction out of sticking to your budget.
Don't be afraid to seek professional help if you have a problem controlling substance use or other compulsions on your own. A true alpha recognizes when they need help to get where they want to be in life.
12. Look after your mental health.
Conduct a mental inventory regularly and practice mindfulness.
You've likely heard the phrase "put your own oxygen mask on first." Borrowed from emergency instructions on airplanes, this phrase communicates the value of self-care. As a leader, an alpha is likely responsible for other people—but you can't adequately lead other people unless you can take care of yourself first.
Try journaling if you find that you have a hard time expressing your emotions. It can do wonders to help you better understand how experiences make you feel.
Don't fall prey to the toxic, outdated idea that to be an alpha you have to be "emotionless." A true alpha is in touch with their emotions and listens to them.
If you ever feel like you're struggling mentally or emotionally, don't hesitate to get professional help. A true alpha knows when they need help from others to accomplish their goals.
13. Find comfort and fulfillment in yourself.
Hold yourself responsible for your own happiness.
A real alpha doesn't rely on others to make them happy or prop up their self-esteem. In fact, in many ways, you might say that an alpha doesn't need other people at all. While they absolutely enjoy the company of others, they are a whole and complete person all by themselves.
An alpha also isn't worried about what others think about them. Being an alpha isn't about other people thinking you're an alpha—it's about what you think about yourself.
If you believe in yourself and are confident in your abilities, other people will believe in you too.
14. Respect your romantic partner's boundaries.
Explore what your partner needs to feel safe and loved.
Use open communication to establish boundaries and take responsibility for your actions if you violate them.Being an alpha doesn't mean you're always in charge and your romantic partner should bend to your will. On the contrary, understanding and adapting to your partner's needs is a very alpha thing to do!
For example, one of your partner's boundaries might be "no yelling." If your emotions get too heated and you raise your voice, stop. Immediately apologize and take a few minutes to calm down.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Build your strength and physical wellness.\\nTreat your body well so it will always perform like you need it to.\\nFocus on being able to do things, rather than looking a certain way. Being an alpha isn't about having a muscular physique or being able to benchpress a certain amount of weight—it's about being strong and healthy.\\nFor example, if you're physically fit, you can help a friend pack up and move without having to take multiple extensive breaks to recover.\\nPhysical wellness extends to substance use as well. A true alpha doesn't go out binge drinking every weekend and come into work late on Monday morning nursing a hangover.\\nIf you take care of yourself, others will be more likely to believe you're capable of taking care of others—and taking care of others is one of the main things a real leader does.\\n2. Express your feelings to a romantic interest openly.\\nApproach romantic interests with confidence and respect.\\nAssertiveness comes from a place of mutual respect. Because you respect yourself and your romantic interest, you're not going to play games or keep them guessing. Instead, you're going to tell them how you feel and let them choose what to do with that information.\\nIf they say \\\"no\\\" or otherwise indicate that they're not interested, a true alpha knows to leave them alone rather than push. You know that rejection is a part of life and you take it in stride.\\nIf they say \\\"yes,\\\" on the other hand, you've set the stage for a potentially healthy and respectful relationship to develop.\\n3. Identify and live by your core values.\\nAct according to your core values to enhance your reliability and predictability.\\nAn alpha has strong core values. If you haven't figured yours out yet, do some soul searching and make a list of the things that are most important to you. Focus on active values to guide your behavior, such as honesty and responsibility (which are also core alpha traits).\\nChoose 2 or 3 values that you're going to hold as the most important. With every action you take and every decision you make, ask yourself first if it advances your core values.\\nFor example, if you choose \\\"honesty\\\" as one of your core values, you would strive to always behave honestly. You would avoid cutting corners and acting dishonestly, even if it made things harder for you in the short run.\\nAlways stand up and defend your core values. For example, if one of your core values is \\\"equality,\\\" you might speak out when someone makes a sexist or misogynist remark.\\n4. Cultivate an optimistic outlook.\\nWhen you believe in yourself you can better adapt to challenges.\\nBeing optimistic doesn't mean you bury your head in the sand and ignore the harsh realities of the world around you. It simply means that you believe that no matter what happens, everything will ultimately be okay. People know they can count on an alpha to confront challenges straight-on and look for solutions rather than getting caught up in negative thinking.\\nFor example, suppose your work team has just found out about a shipment delay. Some might panic, but an alpha would see an opportunity to transition to something else until the shipment arrived.\\nBeing optimistic also means encouraging others to find a way over the various hurdles and stumbling blocks that appear in their paths.\\n5. Project confidence through your body language.\\nMaintain good posture and don't be afraid to take up space.\\nPractice standing and walking with good posture—keep your chest out and your shoulders back. Keep your arms to your side or behind you and gesture as you speak. This isn't about adopting specific hand gestures, but moving your hands in a way that feels natural and authentic to you.\\nIf you unapologetically own the space where you're sitting or standing, you give off the impression that you're confident and comfortable in your own skin—even if you're not.\\nIf you're working to become an alpha, this is one area where you can \\\"fake it till you make it.\\\" If you walk, sit, stand, and speak with confidence, that's what people will see.\\n6. Treat everyone with dignity and respect.\\nConnect with people's humanity even if they can't do anything for you.\\nA true alpha is secure in who they are and knows they don't have to put other people down to build themselves up. Everyone is worthy of the same respect you expect people to pay to you.\\nEncourage others to improve and succeed and celebrate their victories with them. They'll appreciate your support.\\nThe key here is to be respectful even if you don't stand to gain anything from the interaction. Too many people are only nice when they want something, or believe a person can help them in some way—those people aren't alphas.\\n7. Express curiosity and empathy toward others.\\nSeek to learn as much as you can about the lives and experiences of others.\\nThe more you understand about other people, the better you'll be able to lead them. Listen to people's stories and find ways you can relate to them personally.\\nAs you listen, validate the person's feelings so they feel heard and believe they were right to speak to you.\\n8. Work to improve the world around you.\\nDo what you can to make your community a better place.\\nWhat you specifically do depends on your core values and your skills, but anyone can help improve the place where they live. This might mean getting active in politics, volunteering at a local charity, or mentoring young people in your neighborhood.\\nIf you open your eyes and ears, you'll quickly notice things you can do to help. A true alpha doesn't wait for someone else to start something, they start it themselves!\\nFor example, if the local park is always trashy, you might start trash pickup days once a week. At first, you might be the only one—but once people notice your commitment and consistency, they'll show up.\\n9. Set achievable and realistic goals for yourself.\\nWork toward SMART goals for constant self-improvement.\\nSet \\\"SMART\\\" goals that are specific, measurable, achievable (or attainable), relevant, and time-bound. Alphas tend to be goal-oriented, which means they take an active role in the direction of their life rather than simply coasting through it. Here's what a SMART goal might look like for you if you want to improve your physical fitness through running:\\n\\n: run in and complete a 5k race\\n: you'll sign up for a local 5k and participate in it; you can also use fitness apps to measure and monitor your progress toward your goal\\n: you'll do a \\\"couch to 5k\\\" program to help get in shape before the race\\n: running a 5k gives you a goal and helps improve your overall fitness, especially your cardiovascular fitness\\n: sign up for a local 5k in a couple of months\\n10. Push yourself out of your comfort zone.\\nExpand your horizons by trying new things and taking on risks.\\nIt's easy to sit back and be content with what you have rather than striving for more—but alphas don't take the easy way out. Challenging yourself to do things that don't come easily helps you grow as a person and build your confidence and self-esteem.\\nThis also means facing your own fears. For example, if you have a fear of public speaking, you might sign up to present projects in front of smaller groups so that you become more comfortable speaking in front of others.\\nAt the same time, this doesn't mean that you never do things that are relaxing or enjoyable. It just means that you know when to push yourself.\\n11. Practice discipline and self-control.\\nFocus on what you want to achieve and act in your own best interests.\\nPart of being an alpha means not allowing compulsions, fixations, or substances to control your thoughts and actions. As an alpha, you try to be in control of yourself as much as you can, which means avoiding vices except rarely and in moderation. You're also able to resist the call of a temptation that will only provide short-term happiness (at best) because you know you'll get more satisfaction from achieving your long-term goals.\\nFor example, you might be tempted to splurge on a new shirt, but you're able to resist because you know that you'll get much more satisfaction out of sticking to your budget.\\nDon't be afraid to seek professional help if you have a problem controlling substance use or other compulsions on your own. A true alpha recognizes when they need help to get where they want to be in life.\\n12. Look after your mental health.\\nConduct a mental inventory regularly and practice mindfulness.\\nYou've likely heard the phrase \\\"put your own oxygen mask on first.\\\" Borrowed from emergency instructions on airplanes, this phrase communicates the value of self-care. As a leader, an alpha is likely responsible for other people—but you can't adequately lead other people unless you can take care of yourself first.\\n\\nTry journaling if you find that you have a hard time expressing your emotions. It can do wonders to help you better understand how experiences make you feel.\\nDon't fall prey to the toxic, outdated idea that to be an alpha you have to be \\\"emotionless.\\\" A true alpha is in touch with their emotions and listens to them.\\nIf you ever feel like you're struggling mentally or emotionally, don't hesitate to get professional help. A true alpha knows when they need help from others to accomplish their goals.\\n13. Find comfort and fulfillment in yourself.\\nHold yourself responsible for your own happiness.\\nA real alpha doesn't rely on others to make them happy or prop up their self-esteem. In fact, in many ways, you might say that an alpha doesn't need other people at all. While they absolutely enjoy the company of others, they are a whole and complete person all by themselves.\\nAn alpha also isn't worried about what others think about them. Being an alpha isn't about other people thinking you're an alpha—it's about what you think about yourself.\\nIf you believe in yourself and are confident in your abilities, other people will believe in you too.\\n14. Respect your romantic partner's boundaries.\\nExplore what your partner needs to feel safe and loved.\\nUse open communication to establish boundaries and take responsibility for your actions if you violate them.Being an alpha doesn't mean you're always in charge and your romantic partner should bend to your will. On the contrary, understanding and adapting to your partner's needs is a very alpha thing to do!\\nFor example, one of your partner's boundaries might be \\\"no yelling.\\\" If your emotions get too heated and you raise your voice, stop. Immediately apologize and take a few minutes to calm down.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You know of the \\\"alpha male\\\" as the leader of the pack, the guy everyone looks up to. A lot of people think these alpha qualities are innate, but the reality is that anyone can become alpha with the right mix of confidence, discipline, positivity, and empathy. Read on to learn everything you need to know to become a strong, independent alpha who everyone looks up to.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build your strength and physical wellness.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Treat your body well so it will always perform like you need it to.\", \"描述\": \"Focus on being able to do things, rather than looking a certain way. Being an alpha isn't about having a muscular physique or being able to benchpress a certain amount of weight—it's about being strong and healthy.\\nFor example, if you're physically fit, you can help a friend pack up and move without having to take multiple extensive breaks to recover.\\nPhysical wellness extends to substance use as well. A true alpha doesn't go out binge drinking every weekend and come into work late on Monday morning nursing a hangover.\\nIf you take care of yourself, others will be more likely to believe you're capable of taking care of others—and taking care of others is one of the main things a real leader does.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Express your feelings to a romantic interest openly.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Approach romantic interests with confidence and respect.\", \"描述\": \"Assertiveness comes from a place of mutual respect. Because you respect yourself and your romantic interest, you're not going to play games or keep them guessing. Instead, you're going to tell them how you feel and let them choose what to do with that information.\\nIf they say \\\"no\\\" or otherwise indicate that they're not interested, a true alpha knows to leave them alone rather than push. You know that rejection is a part of life and you take it in stride.\\nIf they say \\\"yes,\\\" on the other hand, you've set the stage for a potentially healthy and respectful relationship to develop.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identify and live by your core values.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Act according to your core values to enhance your reliability and predictability.\", \"描述\": \"An alpha has strong core values. If you haven't figured yours out yet, do some soul searching and make a list of the things that are most important to you. Focus on active values to guide your behavior, such as honesty and responsibility (which are also core alpha traits).\\nChoose 2 or 3 values that you're going to hold as the most important. With every action you take and every decision you make, ask yourself first if it advances your core values.\\nFor example, if you choose \\\"honesty\\\" as one of your core values, you would strive to always behave honestly. You would avoid cutting corners and acting dishonestly, even if it made things harder for you in the short run.\\nAlways stand up and defend your core values. For example, if one of your core values is \\\"equality,\\\" you might speak out when someone makes a sexist or misogynist remark.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cultivate an optimistic outlook.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"When you believe in yourself you can better adapt to challenges.\", \"描述\": \"Being optimistic doesn't mean you bury your head in the sand and ignore the harsh realities of the world around you. It simply means that you believe that no matter what happens, everything will ultimately be okay. People know they can count on an alpha to confront challenges straight-on and look for solutions rather than getting caught up in negative thinking.\\nFor example, suppose your work team has just found out about a shipment delay. Some might panic, but an alpha would see an opportunity to transition to something else until the shipment arrived.\\nBeing optimistic also means encouraging others to find a way over the various hurdles and stumbling blocks that appear in their paths.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Project confidence through your body language.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain good posture and don't be afraid to take up space.\", \"描述\": \"Practice standing and walking with good posture—keep your chest out and your shoulders back. Keep your arms to your side or behind you and gesture as you speak. This isn't about adopting specific hand gestures, but moving your hands in a way that feels natural and authentic to you.\\nIf you unapologetically own the space where you're sitting or standing, you give off the impression that you're confident and comfortable in your own skin—even if you're not.\\nIf you're working to become an alpha, this is one area where you can \\\"fake it till you make it.\\\" If you walk, sit, stand, and speak with confidence, that's what people will see.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Treat everyone with dignity and respect.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Connect with people's humanity even if they can't do anything for you.\", \"描述\": \"A true alpha is secure in who they are and knows they don't have to put other people down to build themselves up. Everyone is worthy of the same respect you expect people to pay to you.\\nEncourage others to improve and succeed and celebrate their victories with them. They'll appreciate your support.\\nThe key here is to be respectful even if you don't stand to gain anything from the interaction. Too many people are only nice when they want something, or believe a person can help them in some way—those people aren't alphas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Express curiosity and empathy toward others.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seek to learn as much as you can about the lives and experiences of others.\", \"描述\": \"The more you understand about other people, the better you'll be able to lead them. Listen to people's stories and find ways you can relate to them personally.\\nAs you listen, validate the person's feelings so they feel heard and believe they were right to speak to you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Work to improve the world around you.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do what you can to make your community a better place.\", \"描述\": \"What you specifically do depends on your core values and your skills, but anyone can help improve the place where they live. This might mean getting active in politics, volunteering at a local charity, or mentoring young people in your neighborhood.\\nIf you open your eyes and ears, you'll quickly notice things you can do to help. A true alpha doesn't wait for someone else to start something, they start it themselves!\\nFor example, if the local park is always trashy, you might start trash pickup days once a week. At first, you might be the only one—but once people notice your commitment and consistency, they'll show up.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Set achievable and realistic goals for yourself.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work toward SMART goals for constant self-improvement.\", \"描述\": \"Set \\\"SMART\\\" goals that are specific, measurable, achievable (or attainable), relevant, and time-bound. Alphas tend to be goal-oriented, which means they take an active role in the direction of their life rather than simply coasting through it. Here's what a SMART goal might look like for you if you want to improve your physical fitness through running:\\n\\n: run in and complete a 5k race\\n: you'll sign up for a local 5k and participate in it; you can also use fitness apps to measure and monitor your progress toward your goal\\n: you'll do a \\\"couch to 5k\\\" program to help get in shape before the race\\n: running a 5k gives you a goal and helps improve your overall fitness, especially your cardiovascular fitness\\n: sign up for a local 5k in a couple of months\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Push yourself out of your comfort zone.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Expand your horizons by trying new things and taking on risks.\", \"描述\": \"It's easy to sit back and be content with what you have rather than striving for more—but alphas don't take the easy way out. Challenging yourself to do things that don't come easily helps you grow as a person and build your confidence and self-esteem.\\nThis also means facing your own fears. For example, if you have a fear of public speaking, you might sign up to present projects in front of smaller groups so that you become more comfortable speaking in front of others.\\nAt the same time, this doesn't mean that you never do things that are relaxing or enjoyable. It just means that you know when to push yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Practice discipline and self-control.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Focus on what you want to achieve and act in your own best interests.\", \"描述\": \"Part of being an alpha means not allowing compulsions, fixations, or substances to control your thoughts and actions. As an alpha, you try to be in control of yourself as much as you can, which means avoiding vices except rarely and in moderation. You're also able to resist the call of a temptation that will only provide short-term happiness (at best) because you know you'll get more satisfaction from achieving your long-term goals.\\nFor example, you might be tempted to splurge on a new shirt, but you're able to resist because you know that you'll get much more satisfaction out of sticking to your budget.\\nDon't be afraid to seek professional help if you have a problem controlling substance use or other compulsions on your own. A true alpha recognizes when they need help to get where they want to be in life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Look after your mental health.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conduct a mental inventory regularly and practice mindfulness.\", \"描述\": \"You've likely heard the phrase \\\"put your own oxygen mask on first.\\\" Borrowed from emergency instructions on airplanes, this phrase communicates the value of self-care. As a leader, an alpha is likely responsible for other people—but you can't adequately lead other people unless you can take care of yourself first.\\n\\nTry journaling if you find that you have a hard time expressing your emotions. It can do wonders to help you better understand how experiences make you feel.\\nDon't fall prey to the toxic, outdated idea that to be an alpha you have to be \\\"emotionless.\\\" A true alpha is in touch with their emotions and listens to them.\\nIf you ever feel like you're struggling mentally or emotionally, don't hesitate to get professional help. A true alpha knows when they need help from others to accomplish their goals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Find comfort and fulfillment in yourself.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hold yourself responsible for your own happiness.\", \"描述\": \"A real alpha doesn't rely on others to make them happy or prop up their self-esteem. In fact, in many ways, you might say that an alpha doesn't need other people at all. While they absolutely enjoy the company of others, they are a whole and complete person all by themselves.\\nAn alpha also isn't worried about what others think about them. Being an alpha isn't about other people thinking you're an alpha—it's about what you think about yourself.\\nIf you believe in yourself and are confident in your abilities, other people will believe in you too.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Respect your romantic partner's boundaries.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Explore what your partner needs to feel safe and loved.\", \"描述\": \"Use open communication to establish boundaries and take responsibility for your actions if you violate them.Being an alpha doesn't mean you're always in charge and your romantic partner should bend to your will. On the contrary, understanding and adapting to your partner's needs is a very alpha thing to do!\\nFor example, one of your partner's boundaries might be \\\"no yelling.\\\" If your emotions get too heated and you raise your voice, stop. Immediately apologize and take a few minutes to calm down.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,929 |
How to Become an Alternative Model
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1. Developing Your Style
1-1. Don’t change yourself for the wrong reasons.
You should not change your looks or personality to fit into a stereotype. Alternative models often have piercings and tattoos, but you should not alter your appearance just to become a model. You should change hair or acquire body art because you desire them, and/or because they are meaningful to you. Alternative models typically look alternative on a daily basis, rather than dressing up for photo shoots.
If you are under 18, you must have a parent’s permission before getting a piercing or tattoo.
1-2. Decide what type of alternative model you want to be.
There are several categories of alternative models. Some of the categories are similar, but some require completely different looks. Some categories are emo, hipster, punk, Goth, Lolita, burlesque, and for the heavily tattooed, a walking piece of art.
Goth and emo are each distinct styles, but they share many similarities. Goth and emo styles are both known for black clothing, black or brightly colored hair, dark makeup, and a lot of accessories, like chokers and corsets. Punk is a style that is related to Goth and emo, but it is more focused on punk music, like band t-shirts and vests with pins attached.
Hipster style has become very popular in recent years. “Hipsters” often wear flannel shirts, ironic shirts, beanies, and skinny jeans. Men often have beards, and women sometimes dye their hair in pastel shades.
Dita Von Teese is perhaps the most well known celebrity that wears a burlesque style. Burlesque is a style deriving from the 1800s, and it is often associated with stripteases. Velvet clothing, red lipsticks, corsets, garters and stocking, and high heels are associated with burlesque style.
Lolita derives from Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita that was originally popular in Japan, but it is now popular all over the world. It is typically a “cutesy” style that strives for the wearer to appear youthful, like a young girl. The fashion is not just for females either, as there are other genders who like to dress up in Ouija style or just in the elaborate dresses as well.
1-3. Dress to stand out.
Don’t be afraid to dress in a way that doesn’t follow the social norm. Alternative models often model for goth, hipster, and emo brands. You can find these types of clothes at stores like Hot Topic, Vivienne Westwood, Jeremy Scott, and Moi Meme Moitie. Some types of clothes and shoes to wear are:
Big boots. Doc Martens or platform boots.
Gothic Lolita dresses
Black clothing
Pastel clothing
Accessories with skulls and pentagrams.
1-4. Try an unnatural hair color.
It is not necessary to have an unnatural hair color to become an alternative model, but many do. Pastel colors like light, pink lavender, and turquoise are popular right now. You can also try bright colors like blue or hot pink, as well as mixing multiple colors. If hair color isn’t your thing, consider getting an alternative hair cut.
An alternative hair cut could be buzzed, short pin-up style bangs, and spiky hair.
Hair can be colored at home, but it is safer to leave the job to a professional.
Unnatural colors fade quickly, so be prepared to re-dye your hair every few weeks.
1-5. Embrace tattoos and piercings.
Traditional modeling usually frowns upon an alternative style, but alternative models are encouraged to have tattoos, piercings, and body modifications. You should choose the style, location, and for tattoos, the content. It’s okay to have as little or as many as you want. There is no such thing as too many tattoos for an alternative model.
Some areas you can pierce are your ears, nose, septum, lips, and eyebrows. You can also have gauges, which involves putting a hole into your earlobe and stretching it out.
1-6. Be accepting of your body type.
Traditional models typically are required to be thin and youthful, but that is not the case with alternative models. It’s okay to be thin and youthful, but there is room for all kinds of body types. You can be short, thick, older, etc. Do not try to change your body type to become an alternative model. Chances are, there is a place for the body type you currently have.
Only eat healthy and work out to lose weight if you desire to do so for personal reasons.
2. Getting Pictures Taken
2-1. Utilize social media.
You do not have to professional photos taken right away. Social media like Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr are valuable tools to get your name out there. You should create a social media account for your modeling and have a separate personal account. Take selfies or have someone take photos of you and post them. Post regularly and respond to those who make comments.
The photos do not have to look professional at first. Just be sure to have them taken in good lighting and style yourself in a way that makes you feel confident.
Do not give away personal information to anyone who you interact with on social media. If a photographers contacts you, ask to see their website before agreeing to do a shoot.
2-2. Have friends or family take photos of you.
You should practice modeling before hiring a photographer. Posing for pictures helps you become comfortable for the camera, and it is a good way to see if you enjoy modeling. These photos can be posted to social media.
Try modeling some of your favorite clothing in different areas of your backyard, city, or home.
Pose in some pictures, but try out some candid photos of you walking, moving, or posing with other friends.
Review the photos to see which poses turned out the best and appear the most natural.
2-3. Hire a photographer.
Look for photographers in your area. Many photographers will be willing to do a photo shoot for you. But, it is better to search for a photographer that has experience with models, especially alternative models. Hiring a photographer can be costly, so make sure you have money set aside to cover the entire cost of the session.
Look through several photographers’ websites before choosing one. Choose the one whose photos stand out to you the most.
Student photographers will sometimes be willing to do a photo shoot for a lower price. Look for high school and college photographers in your area.
2-4. Have a variety of photos taken.
You should come out of the session with at least one good headshot and photos of you in a variety of angles. It is good to have a straight on photo, photos taken from all sides, and some candid pictures. Take a few changes of clothes with you to the photoshoot.
2-5. Get a comp card made.
A comp card, or composite card, will serve as your business card. It is a marketing tool that agents will take with them when considering you for a job. Photographers typically will be able to make a comp card for you. The front of the card should have your headshot. The back of the comp card should have about four photos. Include a candid photo, and pictures of you from a few different angles.
6”x9” is a good size for a comp card.
3. Searching for Opportunities
3-1. Join a networking site.
There are websites out there for models that help them network, find jobs, and promote their pictures. Pure Storm and Model Mayhem are two well known sites. Sign up for an account on one or both websites. Then, add your information, post pictures, and search for casting calls. These sites will help you build up a portfolio.
You will need to choose a picture for an avatar, add your name, put your location, what you are willing to do, and write about your physical characteristics (tattoos and piercings).
3-2. Create a website.
There are some websites, like Wix, that offer free options for websites, but you will want to buy a domain name eventually. You may want to wait until you have experience to create a website, but it is okay to create one with your photos taken by a photographer when you first start out. You should have a main page, about me, and portfolio section. Most websites will have templates, both free and priced, available, but you can create your own template if you or someone you know is knowledgeable about creating websites.
You should have your contact information either on its own page, or in the about me section. Put your email, but avoid adding your phone number unless you think it’s necessary.
Add a resume and update it as you gain experience.
You can buy a domain name sites like Wix, Squarespace, and GoDaddy.
3-3. Socialize as much as possible.
If you have model friends, socialize with them as much as possible. If you do not, look on websites like Model Mayhem for people to talk to, or for meetups in your area. Making connections is the best way for a new model to find out about jobs and opportunities. Go to concerts, festivals, parties, and events. Make friends not just with other models, but with photographers, stylists, musicians, and actors..
Always be safe when meeting up with people you don’t know. Meet in a crowded area, have your cell phone on you, and bring a friend if possible.
3-4. Be willing to work for free.
Working for free is not ideal, but it is often necessary. This is the best way to build up your portfolio when you don’t have much experience. Take every opportunity you can. Offer your services for fashion shows, photo shoots, events, music videos, etc. Even the smallest jobs add to your portfolio.
3-5. Research agencies that have signed alternative models.
Look for agencies that have and continue to sign alternative models. You can usually see some of the models that are currently signed with the agency. Focusing on agencies that cater to alternative models will increase your chances of finding a place to sign you.
Look at the policy for sending in photos to the agency. Also, look for open call dates.
3-6. Go to open calls.
Open calls give new model a chances to visit agencies in hope of being signed. Look for agencies that host open calls and attend as many as possible. You can attend local open calls, or to travel to attend an open call. Agencies may have different and specific requirements, but you will typically need to at least bring a headshot and comp card. [[
Remember to be professional at open calls to increase your chances of being chosen!
Don’t worry if you do not hear anything back from go-sees at first. It may take attending a lot of go-sees to find an agency willing to sign you. This is not necessarily because of you, but because a lot of people attend go-sees.
Make sure to be on time, dress in the outfit you feel best in, and be able to accept criticism.
3-7. Attend go-sees.
Once you have been signed with an agency, you will need to attend go-sees. Go-sees are meeting that your agent sets up for potential job opportunities. A go-see may be for a fashion show, magazine, music video, or catalog. These are important to attend because this is how you find jobs once signed with an agency.
The requirement for a go-see, such as what you wear and what you bring with you, depends on the agency and who you are meeting with.
Tips
Create a model name for yourself. Many alternative models choose to create a name for their modeling persona that is not their personal name. Google the name you choose to make sure it’s not in use.[22]
X
Research source
It’s okay to model for fun. You don’t have to make a career solely out of modeling.
Decide on what you are comfortable with before you begin modeling. You should know if you’re comfortable with nudity before doing any photo shoots.
Warnings
Do not risk your health to achieve a certain look. Your health is not worth risking over a career.
Leave immediately any situations that make you uncomfortable with photographers, stylists, agents, or anyone else.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Style\\n1-1. Don’t change yourself for the wrong reasons.\\nYou should not change your looks or personality to fit into a stereotype. Alternative models often have piercings and tattoos, but you should not alter your appearance just to become a model. You should change hair or acquire body art because you desire them, and/or because they are meaningful to you. Alternative models typically look alternative on a daily basis, rather than dressing up for photo shoots.\\nIf you are under 18, you must have a parent’s permission before getting a piercing or tattoo.\\n1-2. Decide what type of alternative model you want to be.\\nThere are several categories of alternative models. Some of the categories are similar, but some require completely different looks. Some categories are emo, hipster, punk, Goth, Lolita, burlesque, and for the heavily tattooed, a walking piece of art.\\nGoth and emo are each distinct styles, but they share many similarities. Goth and emo styles are both known for black clothing, black or brightly colored hair, dark makeup, and a lot of accessories, like chokers and corsets. Punk is a style that is related to Goth and emo, but it is more focused on punk music, like band t-shirts and vests with pins attached.\\nHipster style has become very popular in recent years. “Hipsters” often wear flannel shirts, ironic shirts, beanies, and skinny jeans. Men often have beards, and women sometimes dye their hair in pastel shades.\\nDita Von Teese is perhaps the most well known celebrity that wears a burlesque style. Burlesque is a style deriving from the 1800s, and it is often associated with stripteases. Velvet clothing, red lipsticks, corsets, garters and stocking, and high heels are associated with burlesque style.\\nLolita derives from Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita that was originally popular in Japan, but it is now popular all over the world. It is typically a “cutesy” style that strives for the wearer to appear youthful, like a young girl. The fashion is not just for females either, as there are other genders who like to dress up in Ouija style or just in the elaborate dresses as well.\\n1-3. Dress to stand out.\\nDon’t be afraid to dress in a way that doesn’t follow the social norm. Alternative models often model for goth, hipster, and emo brands. You can find these types of clothes at stores like Hot Topic, Vivienne Westwood, Jeremy Scott, and Moi Meme Moitie. Some types of clothes and shoes to wear are:\\nBig boots. Doc Martens or platform boots.\\nGothic Lolita dresses\\nBlack clothing\\nPastel clothing\\nAccessories with skulls and pentagrams.\\n1-4. Try an unnatural hair color.\\nIt is not necessary to have an unnatural hair color to become an alternative model, but many do. Pastel colors like light, pink lavender, and turquoise are popular right now. You can also try bright colors like blue or hot pink, as well as mixing multiple colors. If hair color isn’t your thing, consider getting an alternative hair cut.\\nAn alternative hair cut could be buzzed, short pin-up style bangs, and spiky hair.\\nHair can be colored at home, but it is safer to leave the job to a professional.\\nUnnatural colors fade quickly, so be prepared to re-dye your hair every few weeks.\\n1-5. Embrace tattoos and piercings.\\nTraditional modeling usually frowns upon an alternative style, but alternative models are encouraged to have tattoos, piercings, and body modifications. You should choose the style, location, and for tattoos, the content. It’s okay to have as little or as many as you want. There is no such thing as too many tattoos for an alternative model.\\nSome areas you can pierce are your ears, nose, septum, lips, and eyebrows. You can also have gauges, which involves putting a hole into your earlobe and stretching it out.\\n1-6. Be accepting of your body type.\\nTraditional models typically are required to be thin and youthful, but that is not the case with alternative models. It’s okay to be thin and youthful, but there is room for all kinds of body types. You can be short, thick, older, etc. Do not try to change your body type to become an alternative model. Chances are, there is a place for the body type you currently have.\\nOnly eat healthy and work out to lose weight if you desire to do so for personal reasons.\\n2. Getting Pictures Taken\\n2-1. Utilize social media.\\nYou do not have to professional photos taken right away. Social media like Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr are valuable tools to get your name out there. You should create a social media account for your modeling and have a separate personal account. Take selfies or have someone take photos of you and post them. Post regularly and respond to those who make comments.\\nThe photos do not have to look professional at first. Just be sure to have them taken in good lighting and style yourself in a way that makes you feel confident.\\nDo not give away personal information to anyone who you interact with on social media. If a photographers contacts you, ask to see their website before agreeing to do a shoot.\\n2-2. Have friends or family take photos of you.\\nYou should practice modeling before hiring a photographer. Posing for pictures helps you become comfortable for the camera, and it is a good way to see if you enjoy modeling. These photos can be posted to social media.\\nTry modeling some of your favorite clothing in different areas of your backyard, city, or home.\\nPose in some pictures, but try out some candid photos of you walking, moving, or posing with other friends.\\nReview the photos to see which poses turned out the best and appear the most natural.\\n2-3. Hire a photographer.\\nLook for photographers in your area. Many photographers will be willing to do a photo shoot for you. But, it is better to search for a photographer that has experience with models, especially alternative models. Hiring a photographer can be costly, so make sure you have money set aside to cover the entire cost of the session.\\nLook through several photographers’ websites before choosing one. Choose the one whose photos stand out to you the most.\\nStudent photographers will sometimes be willing to do a photo shoot for a lower price. Look for high school and college photographers in your area.\\n2-4. Have a variety of photos taken.\\nYou should come out of the session with at least one good headshot and photos of you in a variety of angles. It is good to have a straight on photo, photos taken from all sides, and some candid pictures. Take a few changes of clothes with you to the photoshoot.\\n2-5. Get a comp card made.\\nA comp card, or composite card, will serve as your business card. It is a marketing tool that agents will take with them when considering you for a job. Photographers typically will be able to make a comp card for you. The front of the card should have your headshot. The back of the comp card should have about four photos. Include a candid photo, and pictures of you from a few different angles.\\n6”x9” is a good size for a comp card.\\n3. Searching for Opportunities\\n3-1. Join a networking site.\\nThere are websites out there for models that help them network, find jobs, and promote their pictures. Pure Storm and Model Mayhem are two well known sites. Sign up for an account on one or both websites. Then, add your information, post pictures, and search for casting calls. These sites will help you build up a portfolio.\\nYou will need to choose a picture for an avatar, add your name, put your location, what you are willing to do, and write about your physical characteristics (tattoos and piercings).\\n3-2. Create a website.\\nThere are some websites, like Wix, that offer free options for websites, but you will want to buy a domain name eventually. You may want to wait until you have experience to create a website, but it is okay to create one with your photos taken by a photographer when you first start out. You should have a main page, about me, and portfolio section. Most websites will have templates, both free and priced, available, but you can create your own template if you or someone you know is knowledgeable about creating websites.\\nYou should have your contact information either on its own page, or in the about me section. Put your email, but avoid adding your phone number unless you think it’s necessary.\\nAdd a resume and update it as you gain experience.\\nYou can buy a domain name sites like Wix, Squarespace, and GoDaddy.\\n3-3. Socialize as much as possible.\\nIf you have model friends, socialize with them as much as possible. If you do not, look on websites like Model Mayhem for people to talk to, or for meetups in your area. Making connections is the best way for a new model to find out about jobs and opportunities. Go to concerts, festivals, parties, and events. Make friends not just with other models, but with photographers, stylists, musicians, and actors..\\nAlways be safe when meeting up with people you don’t know. Meet in a crowded area, have your cell phone on you, and bring a friend if possible.\\n3-4. Be willing to work for free.\\nWorking for free is not ideal, but it is often necessary. This is the best way to build up your portfolio when you don’t have much experience. Take every opportunity you can. Offer your services for fashion shows, photo shoots, events, music videos, etc. Even the smallest jobs add to your portfolio.\\n3-5. Research agencies that have signed alternative models.\\nLook for agencies that have and continue to sign alternative models. You can usually see some of the models that are currently signed with the agency. Focusing on agencies that cater to alternative models will increase your chances of finding a place to sign you.\\nLook at the policy for sending in photos to the agency. Also, look for open call dates.\\n3-6. Go to open calls.\\nOpen calls give new model a chances to visit agencies in hope of being signed. Look for agencies that host open calls and attend as many as possible. You can attend local open calls, or to travel to attend an open call. Agencies may have different and specific requirements, but you will typically need to at least bring a headshot and comp card. [[\\nRemember to be professional at open calls to increase your chances of being chosen!\\nDon’t worry if you do not hear anything back from go-sees at first. It may take attending a lot of go-sees to find an agency willing to sign you. This is not necessarily because of you, but because a lot of people attend go-sees.\\nMake sure to be on time, dress in the outfit you feel best in, and be able to accept criticism.\\n3-7. Attend go-sees.\\nOnce you have been signed with an agency, you will need to attend go-sees. Go-sees are meeting that your agent sets up for potential job opportunities. A go-see may be for a fashion show, magazine, music video, or catalog. These are important to attend because this is how you find jobs once signed with an agency.\\nThe requirement for a go-see, such as what you wear and what you bring with you, depends on the agency and who you are meeting with.\\nTips\\nCreate a model name for yourself. Many alternative models choose to create a name for their modeling persona that is not their personal name. Google the name you choose to make sure it’s not in use.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIt’s okay to model for fun. You don’t have to make a career solely out of modeling.\\nDecide on what you are comfortable with before you begin modeling. You should know if you’re comfortable with nudity before doing any photo shoots.\\nWarnings\\nDo not risk your health to achieve a certain look. Your health is not worth risking over a career.\\nLeave immediately any situations that make you uncomfortable with photographers, stylists, agents, or anyone else.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In today’s society, you do not have to fit into a physical stereotype to become a model. An alternative model is someone who does not fit into the normal definition of a model. You can become an alternative model if you have unnaturally colored hair, tattoos, and piercings. To become an alternative model, you should develop your personal style, have photos taken, and search for career opportunities.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Style\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t change yourself for the wrong reasons.\", \"描述\": \"You should not change your looks or personality to fit into a stereotype. Alternative models often have piercings and tattoos, but you should not alter your appearance just to become a model. You should change hair or acquire body art because you desire them, and/or because they are meaningful to you. Alternative models typically look alternative on a daily basis, rather than dressing up for photo shoots.\\nIf you are under 18, you must have a parent’s permission before getting a piercing or tattoo.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide what type of alternative model you want to be.\", \"描述\": \"There are several categories of alternative models. Some of the categories are similar, but some require completely different looks. Some categories are emo, hipster, punk, Goth, Lolita, burlesque, and for the heavily tattooed, a walking piece of art.\\nGoth and emo are each distinct styles, but they share many similarities. Goth and emo styles are both known for black clothing, black or brightly colored hair, dark makeup, and a lot of accessories, like chokers and corsets. Punk is a style that is related to Goth and emo, but it is more focused on punk music, like band t-shirts and vests with pins attached.\\nHipster style has become very popular in recent years. “Hipsters” often wear flannel shirts, ironic shirts, beanies, and skinny jeans. Men often have beards, and women sometimes dye their hair in pastel shades.\\nDita Von Teese is perhaps the most well known celebrity that wears a burlesque style. Burlesque is a style deriving from the 1800s, and it is often associated with stripteases. Velvet clothing, red lipsticks, corsets, garters and stocking, and high heels are associated with burlesque style.\\nLolita derives from Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita that was originally popular in Japan, but it is now popular all over the world. It is typically a “cutesy” style that strives for the wearer to appear youthful, like a young girl. The fashion is not just for females either, as there are other genders who like to dress up in Ouija style or just in the elaborate dresses as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dress to stand out.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t be afraid to dress in a way that doesn’t follow the social norm. Alternative models often model for goth, hipster, and emo brands. You can find these types of clothes at stores like Hot Topic, Vivienne Westwood, Jeremy Scott, and Moi Meme Moitie. Some types of clothes and shoes to wear are:\\nBig boots. Doc Martens or platform boots.\\nGothic Lolita dresses\\nBlack clothing\\nPastel clothing\\nAccessories with skulls and pentagrams.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try an unnatural hair color.\", \"描述\": \"It is not necessary to have an unnatural hair color to become an alternative model, but many do. Pastel colors like light, pink lavender, and turquoise are popular right now. You can also try bright colors like blue or hot pink, as well as mixing multiple colors. If hair color isn’t your thing, consider getting an alternative hair cut.\\nAn alternative hair cut could be buzzed, short pin-up style bangs, and spiky hair.\\nHair can be colored at home, but it is safer to leave the job to a professional.\\nUnnatural colors fade quickly, so be prepared to re-dye your hair every few weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Embrace tattoos and piercings.\", \"描述\": \"Traditional modeling usually frowns upon an alternative style, but alternative models are encouraged to have tattoos, piercings, and body modifications. You should choose the style, location, and for tattoos, the content. It’s okay to have as little or as many as you want. There is no such thing as too many tattoos for an alternative model.\\nSome areas you can pierce are your ears, nose, septum, lips, and eyebrows. You can also have gauges, which involves putting a hole into your earlobe and stretching it out.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be accepting of your body type.\", \"描述\": \"Traditional models typically are required to be thin and youthful, but that is not the case with alternative models. It’s okay to be thin and youthful, but there is room for all kinds of body types. You can be short, thick, older, etc. Do not try to change your body type to become an alternative model. Chances are, there is a place for the body type you currently have.\\nOnly eat healthy and work out to lose weight if you desire to do so for personal reasons.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Pictures Taken\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Utilize social media.\", \"描述\": \"You do not have to professional photos taken right away. Social media like Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr are valuable tools to get your name out there. You should create a social media account for your modeling and have a separate personal account. Take selfies or have someone take photos of you and post them. Post regularly and respond to those who make comments.\\nThe photos do not have to look professional at first. Just be sure to have them taken in good lighting and style yourself in a way that makes you feel confident.\\nDo not give away personal information to anyone who you interact with on social media. If a photographers contacts you, ask to see their website before agreeing to do a shoot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have friends or family take photos of you.\", \"描述\": \"You should practice modeling before hiring a photographer. Posing for pictures helps you become comfortable for the camera, and it is a good way to see if you enjoy modeling. These photos can be posted to social media.\\nTry modeling some of your favorite clothing in different areas of your backyard, city, or home.\\nPose in some pictures, but try out some candid photos of you walking, moving, or posing with other friends.\\nReview the photos to see which poses turned out the best and appear the most natural.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hire a photographer.\", \"描述\": \"Look for photographers in your area. Many photographers will be willing to do a photo shoot for you. But, it is better to search for a photographer that has experience with models, especially alternative models. Hiring a photographer can be costly, so make sure you have money set aside to cover the entire cost of the session.\\nLook through several photographers’ websites before choosing one. Choose the one whose photos stand out to you the most.\\nStudent photographers will sometimes be willing to do a photo shoot for a lower price. Look for high school and college photographers in your area.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have a variety of photos taken.\", \"描述\": \"You should come out of the session with at least one good headshot and photos of you in a variety of angles. It is good to have a straight on photo, photos taken from all sides, and some candid pictures. Take a few changes of clothes with you to the photoshoot.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a comp card made.\", \"描述\": \"A comp card, or composite card, will serve as your business card. It is a marketing tool that agents will take with them when considering you for a job. Photographers typically will be able to make a comp card for you. The front of the card should have your headshot. The back of the comp card should have about four photos. Include a candid photo, and pictures of you from a few different angles.\\n6”x9” is a good size for a comp card.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Searching for Opportunities\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a networking site.\", \"描述\": \"There are websites out there for models that help them network, find jobs, and promote their pictures. Pure Storm and Model Mayhem are two well known sites. Sign up for an account on one or both websites. Then, add your information, post pictures, and search for casting calls. These sites will help you build up a portfolio.\\nYou will need to choose a picture for an avatar, add your name, put your location, what you are willing to do, and write about your physical characteristics (tattoos and piercings).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a website.\", \"描述\": \"There are some websites, like Wix, that offer free options for websites, but you will want to buy a domain name eventually. You may want to wait until you have experience to create a website, but it is okay to create one with your photos taken by a photographer when you first start out. You should have a main page, about me, and portfolio section. Most websites will have templates, both free and priced, available, but you can create your own template if you or someone you know is knowledgeable about creating websites.\\nYou should have your contact information either on its own page, or in the about me section. Put your email, but avoid adding your phone number unless you think it’s necessary.\\nAdd a resume and update it as you gain experience.\\nYou can buy a domain name sites like Wix, Squarespace, and GoDaddy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Socialize as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"If you have model friends, socialize with them as much as possible. If you do not, look on websites like Model Mayhem for people to talk to, or for meetups in your area. Making connections is the best way for a new model to find out about jobs and opportunities. Go to concerts, festivals, parties, and events. Make friends not just with other models, but with photographers, stylists, musicians, and actors..\\nAlways be safe when meeting up with people you don’t know. Meet in a crowded area, have your cell phone on you, and bring a friend if possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be willing to work for free.\", \"描述\": \"Working for free is not ideal, but it is often necessary. This is the best way to build up your portfolio when you don’t have much experience. Take every opportunity you can. Offer your services for fashion shows, photo shoots, events, music videos, etc. Even the smallest jobs add to your portfolio.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Research agencies that have signed alternative models.\", \"描述\": \"Look for agencies that have and continue to sign alternative models. You can usually see some of the models that are currently signed with the agency. Focusing on agencies that cater to alternative models will increase your chances of finding a place to sign you.\\nLook at the policy for sending in photos to the agency. Also, look for open call dates.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go to open calls.\", \"描述\": \"Open calls give new model a chances to visit agencies in hope of being signed. Look for agencies that host open calls and attend as many as possible. You can attend local open calls, or to travel to attend an open call. Agencies may have different and specific requirements, but you will typically need to at least bring a headshot and comp card. [[\\nRemember to be professional at open calls to increase your chances of being chosen!\\nDon’t worry if you do not hear anything back from go-sees at first. It may take attending a lot of go-sees to find an agency willing to sign you. This is not necessarily because of you, but because a lot of people attend go-sees.\\nMake sure to be on time, dress in the outfit you feel best in, and be able to accept criticism.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Attend go-sees.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been signed with an agency, you will need to attend go-sees. Go-sees are meeting that your agent sets up for potential job opportunities. A go-see may be for a fashion show, magazine, music video, or catalog. These are important to attend because this is how you find jobs once signed with an agency.\\nThe requirement for a go-see, such as what you wear and what you bring with you, depends on the agency and who you are meeting with.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Create a model name for yourself. Many alternative models choose to create a name for their modeling persona that is not their personal name. Google the name you choose to make sure it’s not in use.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"It’s okay to model for fun. You don’t have to make a career solely out of modeling.\\n\", \"Decide on what you are comfortable with before you begin modeling. You should know if you’re comfortable with nudity before doing any photo shoots.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not risk your health to achieve a certain look. Your health is not worth risking over a career.\\n\", \"Leave immediately any situations that make you uncomfortable with photographers, stylists, agents, or anyone else.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,930 |
How to Become an Amazon Associate
|
1. Creating an Account
1-1. Set up your website or blog.
To apply for the Amazon Associates program, you will need a website address. You will also need to be able to describe basic information about your website.
Consider developing a blog that will target a well-defined, niche audience. You'll need to have a specific plan to attract followers before creating your website.
Be prepared to describe what your website is about, what other advertising or affiliate listings you might have on your site, and what kind of audience your website is targeting.
1-2. Visit the Amazon Affiliate program’s website to create an account.
Visit http://affiliate-program.amazon.com and click “join now for free” in the top right corner of the screen. Sign into your existing Amazon account if you are already an Amazon customer by entering your email address and password. Click “sign in using our secure server” after you’ve finished.
Logging in with your Amazon account will link your Associates account. You can keep them separate, if you prefer, by creating a new Amazon account.
1-3. Click “I am a new customer” to create a new Amazon account.
Enter your name, email address, and choose a password to create a new account. Click “sign in using our secure server” after entering the requested information.
If you are logging in with an existing account, verify that the address and contact information listed for you is correct. Click “select a new address” to make any necessary changes.
1-4. Indicate who is the main contact for the account.
Select the first bubble, labeled “the payee listed above,” to indicate that you are setting the account up for yourself. Select the second bubble, labeled “someone else…,” if you are setting the account up as a representative of a company. Click “next: your website profile” to finish setting up your Associates account.
You will be required to enter the company’s contact information if you are not setting up the account for yourself.
2. Building Your Profile
2-1. List the websites and mobile apps you plan to use as an Associate.
Compile a list of all the websites and mobile apps where you plan to display Amazon Associate links, banners, and ads. You must list at least one website or mobile app. The maximum number of websites or apps you can list is 50.
Amazon is looking for Associates who have websites that are highly trafficked, so it could hurt your chances of being accepted if you list unpopular or obscure websites. Focus on quality over quantity.
Make sure to list your websites or mobile apps in the form of a URL.
2-2. Answer questions about traffic and content to complete your profile.
Describe your website in as much detail as possible to have a better chance of being accepted as an Amazon associate. Follow the prompts to indicate what type of website you have, its subject matter, and how you drive traffic to your site.
Amazon will reject your application if your website does not have at least 50% original content, so make sure to describe what unique information you are providing to readers.
Indicate what kinds of products your website will feature. Consider focusing on higher priced items that feed naturally into the topics featured in your blog. For example, you could list kitchen appliances if you are writing a blog about cooking.
2-3. Wait for a phone call to verify your identity.
List your phone number then wait for an automated phone call. You will be given a PIN number that you will enter into the provided field to verify your identity.
2-4. Read and agree to the contract terms, then click “finish.”
Click on the blue hyperlink to read the Amazon Associates contract terms. Once you’ve read the agreement, check the box to indicate that you agree to the stated terms. Click “finish” to complete your application.
Consider printing or downloading the contract agreement so that you can refer to it later.
3. Waiting for Approval
3-1. Remember your Associates ID number and wait for approval.
Write down your unique Associates ID number that is generated for you once you’ve completed the application. Amazon will contact you within 1 to 3 business days to let you know whether your Associates account has been approved.
Don’t lose your Associates ID number as you may need to verify your account with it occasionally.
3-2. Study tips on how to start making money with your Associates account.
Examine the tips listed below where your Associates ID is displayed. This will give you an idea of how to begin building links to Amazon products on your personal website or mobile app.
Consider how to select products that can be easily integrated with your website's content to generate increased product interest.
3-3. Skim through the Associates Central page and add links to your website.
Browse the Associates Central page to find interesting products to link to your website. You will be permitted to add links as soon as you’ve submitted your application.
Keep in mind that you won’t be paid for any purchases made through your links until your account has been approved.
3-4. Consider sharing product links on social media.
Look for products you know your friends and family will like to share on social media, making sure your affiliate code is in the link. This way, you can earn a little extra on everything sold on Amazon's main page.
To share a product link easily on Twitter, shorten the link first with a service like bit.ly.
3-5. Choose how you'd like to get paid once your application is accepted.
Visit your Associates profile to indicate whether you'd like to receive a direct deposit, a check, or an Amazon gift card as payment for any sales you make. Add different kinds of product links and ads to your website to continue generating revenue.
Explore the different advertisement options available through the Associates Central page.
3-6. Improve your plan and resubmit an application if you are rejected.
Study your notification letter to understand exactly why Amazon rejected your application to the Associates Program. They will generally list several specific reasons that can help you make necessary corrections before resubmitting an application.
If your website did not have enough original content, consider re-thinking the subject of your blog. Choose a subject about which you can write easily and are very familiar with.
If your website does not generate enough traffic for the Associates Program, research and implement strategies to drive more traffic to your website.
Warnings
Affiliate links may not work on some products offered by Amazon merchants. Be sure to keep up with the program’s Terms of Service as Amazon does change policies a few times a year.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating an Account\\n1-1. Set up your website or blog.\\nTo apply for the Amazon Associates program, you will need a website address. You will also need to be able to describe basic information about your website.\\nConsider developing a blog that will target a well-defined, niche audience. You'll need to have a specific plan to attract followers before creating your website.\\nBe prepared to describe what your website is about, what other advertising or affiliate listings you might have on your site, and what kind of audience your website is targeting.\\n1-2. Visit the Amazon Affiliate program’s website to create an account.\\nVisit http://affiliate-program.amazon.com and click “join now for free” in the top right corner of the screen. Sign into your existing Amazon account if you are already an Amazon customer by entering your email address and password. Click “sign in using our secure server” after you’ve finished.\\nLogging in with your Amazon account will link your Associates account. You can keep them separate, if you prefer, by creating a new Amazon account.\\n1-3. Click “I am a new customer” to create a new Amazon account.\\nEnter your name, email address, and choose a password to create a new account. Click “sign in using our secure server” after entering the requested information.\\nIf you are logging in with an existing account, verify that the address and contact information listed for you is correct. Click “select a new address” to make any necessary changes.\\n1-4. Indicate who is the main contact for the account.\\nSelect the first bubble, labeled “the payee listed above,” to indicate that you are setting the account up for yourself. Select the second bubble, labeled “someone else…,” if you are setting the account up as a representative of a company. Click “next: your website profile” to finish setting up your Associates account.\\nYou will be required to enter the company’s contact information if you are not setting up the account for yourself.\\n2. Building Your Profile\\n2-1. List the websites and mobile apps you plan to use as an Associate.\\nCompile a list of all the websites and mobile apps where you plan to display Amazon Associate links, banners, and ads. You must list at least one website or mobile app. The maximum number of websites or apps you can list is 50.\\nAmazon is looking for Associates who have websites that are highly trafficked, so it could hurt your chances of being accepted if you list unpopular or obscure websites. Focus on quality over quantity.\\nMake sure to list your websites or mobile apps in the form of a URL.\\n2-2. Answer questions about traffic and content to complete your profile.\\nDescribe your website in as much detail as possible to have a better chance of being accepted as an Amazon associate. Follow the prompts to indicate what type of website you have, its subject matter, and how you drive traffic to your site.\\nAmazon will reject your application if your website does not have at least 50% original content, so make sure to describe what unique information you are providing to readers.\\nIndicate what kinds of products your website will feature. Consider focusing on higher priced items that feed naturally into the topics featured in your blog. For example, you could list kitchen appliances if you are writing a blog about cooking.\\n2-3. Wait for a phone call to verify your identity.\\nList your phone number then wait for an automated phone call. You will be given a PIN number that you will enter into the provided field to verify your identity.\\n2-4. Read and agree to the contract terms, then click “finish.”\\nClick on the blue hyperlink to read the Amazon Associates contract terms. Once you’ve read the agreement, check the box to indicate that you agree to the stated terms. Click “finish” to complete your application.\\nConsider printing or downloading the contract agreement so that you can refer to it later.\\n3. Waiting for Approval\\n3-1. Remember your Associates ID number and wait for approval.\\nWrite down your unique Associates ID number that is generated for you once you’ve completed the application. Amazon will contact you within 1 to 3 business days to let you know whether your Associates account has been approved.\\nDon’t lose your Associates ID number as you may need to verify your account with it occasionally.\\n3-2. Study tips on how to start making money with your Associates account.\\nExamine the tips listed below where your Associates ID is displayed. This will give you an idea of how to begin building links to Amazon products on your personal website or mobile app.\\nConsider how to select products that can be easily integrated with your website's content to generate increased product interest.\\n3-3. Skim through the Associates Central page and add links to your website.\\nBrowse the Associates Central page to find interesting products to link to your website. You will be permitted to add links as soon as you’ve submitted your application.\\nKeep in mind that you won’t be paid for any purchases made through your links until your account has been approved.\\n3-4. Consider sharing product links on social media.\\nLook for products you know your friends and family will like to share on social media, making sure your affiliate code is in the link. This way, you can earn a little extra on everything sold on Amazon's main page.\\nTo share a product link easily on Twitter, shorten the link first with a service like bit.ly.\\n3-5. Choose how you'd like to get paid once your application is accepted.\\nVisit your Associates profile to indicate whether you'd like to receive a direct deposit, a check, or an Amazon gift card as payment for any sales you make. Add different kinds of product links and ads to your website to continue generating revenue.\\nExplore the different advertisement options available through the Associates Central page.\\n3-6. Improve your plan and resubmit an application if you are rejected.\\nStudy your notification letter to understand exactly why Amazon rejected your application to the Associates Program. They will generally list several specific reasons that can help you make necessary corrections before resubmitting an application.\\nIf your website did not have enough original content, consider re-thinking the subject of your blog. Choose a subject about which you can write easily and are very familiar with.\\nIf your website does not generate enough traffic for the Associates Program, research and implement strategies to drive more traffic to your website.\\nWarnings\\nAffiliate links may not work on some products offered by Amazon merchants. Be sure to keep up with the program’s Terms of Service as Amazon does change policies a few times a year.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The Amazon Associates program allows you to generate revenue by placing links to Amazon products on your personal website. Each time someone purchases a product by clicking on a link from your website, Amazon will give you a small commission. With a few quick tips, you can easily apply to become an Amazon Associate so that you can start generating revenue from your personal website.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating an Account\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set up your website or blog.\", \"描述\": \"To apply for the Amazon Associates program, you will need a website address. You will also need to be able to describe basic information about your website.\\nConsider developing a blog that will target a well-defined, niche audience. You'll need to have a specific plan to attract followers before creating your website.\\nBe prepared to describe what your website is about, what other advertising or affiliate listings you might have on your site, and what kind of audience your website is targeting.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit the Amazon Affiliate program’s website to create an account.\", \"描述\": \"Visit http://affiliate-program.amazon.com and click “join now for free” in the top right corner of the screen. Sign into your existing Amazon account if you are already an Amazon customer by entering your email address and password. Click “sign in using our secure server” after you’ve finished.\\nLogging in with your Amazon account will link your Associates account. You can keep them separate, if you prefer, by creating a new Amazon account.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click “I am a new customer” to create a new Amazon account.\", \"描述\": \"Enter your name, email address, and choose a password to create a new account. Click “sign in using our secure server” after entering the requested information.\\nIf you are logging in with an existing account, verify that the address and contact information listed for you is correct. Click “select a new address” to make any necessary changes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Indicate who is the main contact for the account.\", \"描述\": \"Select the first bubble, labeled “the payee listed above,” to indicate that you are setting the account up for yourself. Select the second bubble, labeled “someone else…,” if you are setting the account up as a representative of a company. Click “next: your website profile” to finish setting up your Associates account.\\nYou will be required to enter the company’s contact information if you are not setting up the account for yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Your Profile\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"List the websites and mobile apps you plan to use as an Associate.\", \"描述\": \"Compile a list of all the websites and mobile apps where you plan to display Amazon Associate links, banners, and ads. You must list at least one website or mobile app. The maximum number of websites or apps you can list is 50.\\nAmazon is looking for Associates who have websites that are highly trafficked, so it could hurt your chances of being accepted if you list unpopular or obscure websites. Focus on quality over quantity.\\nMake sure to list your websites or mobile apps in the form of a URL.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Answer questions about traffic and content to complete your profile.\", \"描述\": \"Describe your website in as much detail as possible to have a better chance of being accepted as an Amazon associate. Follow the prompts to indicate what type of website you have, its subject matter, and how you drive traffic to your site.\\nAmazon will reject your application if your website does not have at least 50% original content, so make sure to describe what unique information you are providing to readers.\\nIndicate what kinds of products your website will feature. Consider focusing on higher priced items that feed naturally into the topics featured in your blog. For example, you could list kitchen appliances if you are writing a blog about cooking.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait for a phone call to verify your identity.\", \"描述\": \"List your phone number then wait for an automated phone call. You will be given a PIN number that you will enter into the provided field to verify your identity.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Read and agree to the contract terms, then click “finish.”\", \"描述\": \"Click on the blue hyperlink to read the Amazon Associates contract terms. Once you’ve read the agreement, check the box to indicate that you agree to the stated terms. Click “finish” to complete your application.\\nConsider printing or downloading the contract agreement so that you can refer to it later.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Waiting for Approval\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remember your Associates ID number and wait for approval.\", \"描述\": \"Write down your unique Associates ID number that is generated for you once you’ve completed the application. Amazon will contact you within 1 to 3 business days to let you know whether your Associates account has been approved.\\nDon’t lose your Associates ID number as you may need to verify your account with it occasionally.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study tips on how to start making money with your Associates account.\", \"描述\": \"Examine the tips listed below where your Associates ID is displayed. This will give you an idea of how to begin building links to Amazon products on your personal website or mobile app.\\nConsider how to select products that can be easily integrated with your website's content to generate increased product interest.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Skim through the Associates Central page and add links to your website.\", \"描述\": \"Browse the Associates Central page to find interesting products to link to your website. You will be permitted to add links as soon as you’ve submitted your application.\\nKeep in mind that you won’t be paid for any purchases made through your links until your account has been approved.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider sharing product links on social media.\", \"描述\": \"Look for products you know your friends and family will like to share on social media, making sure your affiliate code is in the link. This way, you can earn a little extra on everything sold on Amazon's main page.\\nTo share a product link easily on Twitter, shorten the link first with a service like bit.ly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Choose how you'd like to get paid once your application is accepted.\", \"描述\": \"Visit your Associates profile to indicate whether you'd like to receive a direct deposit, a check, or an Amazon gift card as payment for any sales you make. Add different kinds of product links and ads to your website to continue generating revenue.\\nExplore the different advertisement options available through the Associates Central page.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Improve your plan and resubmit an application if you are rejected.\", \"描述\": \"Study your notification letter to understand exactly why Amazon rejected your application to the Associates Program. They will generally list several specific reasons that can help you make necessary corrections before resubmitting an application.\\nIf your website did not have enough original content, consider re-thinking the subject of your blog. Choose a subject about which you can write easily and are very familiar with.\\nIf your website does not generate enough traffic for the Associates Program, research and implement strategies to drive more traffic to your website.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Affiliate links may not work on some products offered by Amazon merchants. Be sure to keep up with the program’s Terms of Service as Amazon does change policies a few times a year.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,931 |
How to Become an Amazon Delivery Driver
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1. Becoming an Amazon Flex Delivery Driver
1-1. Apply for an Amazon Flex position to make deliveries with your own car.
Learning what it means to be an Amazon Flex driver can help you decide if this is the right kind of job for you. Flex drivers are individuals (rather than companies) who want to deliver Amazon packages with their own car. Flex drivers are generally part-time and have the flexibility to make up their own schedules on a daily basis.
If you are looking to become a part-time Amazon delivery driver and have a more flexible schedule, then this may be the right position for you.
Amazon Flex drivers typically make between $18 and $25 per hour, depending on the city and time of year.
1-2. Check if Amazon Flex is hiring in your region.
Refer to the Amazon Flex website to check and see if Amazon is hiring Flex delivery drivers in your region. Once you go to the website online, there will be a list of regions that are currently hiring Flex delivery drivers. If your region does not appear on the list, you can sign up for the waitlist.
To find out which regions are hiring Flex drivers, visit: https://flex.amazon.com/.
Amazon does not provide information about its waitlists for Flex drivers, so you may want to look into other employment options in the meantime.
1-3. Meet the Amazon Flex delivery driver requirements.
Amazon requires that Flex drivers be at least 21 years old, have a Social Security Number, have car insurance, have a valid driver’s license, pass a background check, have a bank account capable of receiving direct deposits, have a qualifying vehicle, and have a smartphone compatible with the Amazon Flex driver app, such as an iPhone or Android phone.
Most cars that are mid-sized four-door sedans or larger will qualify for Amazon Flex.
Once Amazon has determined that you have met all of the employment requirements, you will be able to register as a Flex driver and start earning money.
1-4. Sign up for Amazon Flex online.
If Amazon is hiring Flex drivers in your region, select it from the online list. To sign up, answer a few brief questions, including where you live, what vehicle you drive, and what type of phone you use. If your answers meet Amazon’s basic requirements, you will be asked to download the Amazon Flex app on your smartphone.
1-5. Download the Amazon Flex app to access the Flex driver application.
Use the link provided or go to your smartphone carrier’s app store to download the Amazon Flex smartphone app. Log into your existing Amazon account or create a new account to gain access to the Flex driver job application.
If you are creating a new account, fill out all of the information required by Amazon to start an account, including your name, address, and email address.
1-6. Complete the Amazon Flex driver application.
After you have logged in, use the Flex smartphone app to complete the driver application. The application asks a series of questions designed to let Amazon know if you meet the Flex delivery driver requirements, such as your education background, work history, and driving history. The application will also ask you to verify that your car and smartphone meet the requirements for Flex drivers.
On the application, include all your relevant work experience and emphasize your safe driving record to help you stand out from other applicants.
The information you provide will also be used by Amazon to run a background check, so make sure that all the information you provide is honest and accurate.
Try to avoid embellishing or lying on a resume. For example, say you have five years of experience when you mean five months.
Do not leave off your interests section. It can humanize you and show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.
Do not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader a couple of high-level nuggets they can understand. They know what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.
1-7. Register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.
Once you have finished the application and Amazon has determined that you have met its basic requirements, you can register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver. To register, use the smartphone app to select the service area where you will pick up and deliver Amazon packages. Then, provide your bank account number and routing number so that Amazon can deposit your earnings directly into your bank account.
The smartphone app provides you with the opportunity to watch some videos that will help you learn best practices for delivering with Amazon.
1-8. Schedule your Flex driver blocks to start as Amazon delivery driver.
To officially become an Amazon Flex delivery driver, use the Flex smartphone app to start scheduling the blocks of time during which you will pick up and deliver packages. There are two ways you can do this:
You can schedule delivery blocks by going into the calendar setting in the Flex app and selecting all the delivery blocks during which you are available. You will then receive offers to sign up for delivery blocks based on your availability, and you will accept or decline these offers.
Tap on the Check for Available Blocks tab on the Amazon Flex app to see what blocks are available that day. You can then accept any blocks throughout the day that work for your schedule.
1-9. Start your new job as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.
Once you have scheduled your first delivery blocks, you are ready to start driving deliveries and making money! As a Flex driver, you will likely work in 2- to 4-hour shifts making deliveries for Amazon Prime Now, AmazonFresh, and Amazon Restaurants.
The Flex smartphone app provides locations and driving directions for all your pick-ups and deliveries.
Most AmazonFresh and Amazon Prime Now orders are picked up at a Prime Now Delivery Station and delivered to the residence or business indicated on the app.
For Amazon Restaurants orders, the app indicates a designated Waiting Area for you to begin. Once you arrive at the Waiting Area, select “I’ve Arrived” in the app. The Flex app then provides further instructions on how to pick up and deliver the order.
As a Flex delivery driver, Amazon pays for your entire shift, regardless of how long your deliveries take you. If you sign up for a 3-hour delivery block, for example, and you get done with your deliveries in 2 hours, you still get paid for your 3-hour shift. But, if you do not finish all the deliveries during your block, Amazon does not compensate for the extra time.
2. Delivering for Amazon Logistics
2-1. Apply to become a seasonal or full-time delivery associate.
Check the Amazon website to look into the location of the Amazon warehouses in your area, and consider about how often you want to be a delivery driver for Amazon. Amazon Logistics delivery associates generally make less money than Amazon Flex drivers, so be aware of your financial needs when determining if this is the right position for you.
Amazon Logistics delivery associates typically make between $13 and $19 per hour, depending on the location, time of year, and whether the delivery driver is a seasonal or full-time driver.
As an Amazon Logistics delivery associate, you do not need your own vehicle. Delivery associates are expected to drive an Amazon van weighing up 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg).
Delivery associates must be able to lift heavy packages, and climb in and out of the van with ease.
While associates are given a daily schedule, Amazon expects delivery associates to be flexible to potential schedule changes due to weather, traffic, seasonal demands, and other unanticipated factors.
2-2. Meet the requirements for Amazon Logistics delivery associates.
The requirements may vary depending on the location and type of position, but in general, Amazon requires that delivery associates have a valid driver’s license, speak English, and have a high school diploma or GED. Finally, you must be at least 21 years old.
2-3. Search for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions in your area.
Using the Amazon job search website or a third-party job search engine, search to see if there are any job openings in your area. Because many of the Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are seasonal, check back often to make sure that you don’t miss an opportunity to fill an opening.
To search for Amazon job openings, visit https://www.amazon.jobs/en.
If you see an opening at a warehouse near you, jump on the opportunity quickly, as these positions tend to fill up.
2-4. Fill out the online application.
Once you find an Amazon Logistics delivery associate position that is available in your area, complete the application on Amazon’s website. While the questions on the application will vary depending on the specific position you apply for, in general, delivery associate applications ask that you provide your name, address, education and work history, and driving history.
When filling out the application, make sure that you include all the required information and provide any additional documents, such as a resume or proof of education.
2-5. Go through the interview process.
If you meet the requirements for the position and your application is accepted, you may be contacted for an interview. Your interview can take place in person at Amazon’s local headquarters or warehouse, over the phone, or via video conference.
Take the time to prepare for your job interview so you feel confident that you will pass the interview with flying colors.
While the process varies, interviews for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are generally short, asking only a few questions about interviewees’ work experience and driving history. The interview process focuses more on making sure that potential delivery drivers are aware of everything that the job will entail.
2-6. Accept an offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.
If your interview is successful, Amazon will reach out to you via phone or email to make you an official offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate. You can accept the offer upon receiving it, or, in most cases, you will be able to take a bit of time to consider the offer and respond in a timely manner (usually within a few days).
For seasonal delivery associates, the hourly pay is generally included in the job listing so you will not need to negotiate your salary when you receive the offer. There might be some salary negotiations involved for full-time positions, however, so it might be helpful for you to review how to negotiate a salary.
2-7. Complete the training to become an Amazon delivery driver.
Training for Amazon Logistics delivery associates is generally coordinated by Amazon shift personnel. Training usually includes several ride-alongs with more experienced delivery drivers. After successfully completing the training, you will officially become an Amazon delivery driver.
2-8. Start working as an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.
Amazon Logistics delivery drivers are usually seasonal or full-time drivers who deliver orders that depart from Amazon warehouses to homes, retail locations, and other delivery locations. Your hours and schedule will depend on whether you are a seasonal or full-time driver, as well as the needs of your particular warehouse location.
Tips
Leave all packages in safe locations. Avoid placing them in the middle of driveways or anyplace that would block a door.
Protect packages from further damage during inclement weather. On rainy days, this typically means either placing them where they can stay dry or utilizing a plastic covering.
Familiarize yourself with the location of public restrooms or (for male drivers) wooded areas where you can stop to pee during the course of your route.
Warnings
Watch out for dogs. If an unleashed dog is outside, do not go near. Ask the owner to bring them inside so you can deliver their package.
Make sure that you are following all rules and regulations of Amazon. Be able to back up your progress to any administrator.
When delivering a package, do not walk on the person's grass. It is rude to the homeowner unless they tell you it's okay or if there is no other way for you to deliver their package.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming an Amazon Flex Delivery Driver\\n1-1. Apply for an Amazon Flex position to make deliveries with your own car.\\nLearning what it means to be an Amazon Flex driver can help you decide if this is the right kind of job for you. Flex drivers are individuals (rather than companies) who want to deliver Amazon packages with their own car. Flex drivers are generally part-time and have the flexibility to make up their own schedules on a daily basis.\\nIf you are looking to become a part-time Amazon delivery driver and have a more flexible schedule, then this may be the right position for you.\\nAmazon Flex drivers typically make between $18 and $25 per hour, depending on the city and time of year.\\n1-2. Check if Amazon Flex is hiring in your region.\\nRefer to the Amazon Flex website to check and see if Amazon is hiring Flex delivery drivers in your region. Once you go to the website online, there will be a list of regions that are currently hiring Flex delivery drivers. If your region does not appear on the list, you can sign up for the waitlist.\\nTo find out which regions are hiring Flex drivers, visit: https://flex.amazon.com/.\\nAmazon does not provide information about its waitlists for Flex drivers, so you may want to look into other employment options in the meantime.\\n1-3. Meet the Amazon Flex delivery driver requirements.\\nAmazon requires that Flex drivers be at least 21 years old, have a Social Security Number, have car insurance, have a valid driver’s license, pass a background check, have a bank account capable of receiving direct deposits, have a qualifying vehicle, and have a smartphone compatible with the Amazon Flex driver app, such as an iPhone or Android phone.\\nMost cars that are mid-sized four-door sedans or larger will qualify for Amazon Flex.\\nOnce Amazon has determined that you have met all of the employment requirements, you will be able to register as a Flex driver and start earning money.\\n1-4. Sign up for Amazon Flex online.\\nIf Amazon is hiring Flex drivers in your region, select it from the online list. To sign up, answer a few brief questions, including where you live, what vehicle you drive, and what type of phone you use. If your answers meet Amazon’s basic requirements, you will be asked to download the Amazon Flex app on your smartphone.\\n1-5. Download the Amazon Flex app to access the Flex driver application.\\nUse the link provided or go to your smartphone carrier’s app store to download the Amazon Flex smartphone app. Log into your existing Amazon account or create a new account to gain access to the Flex driver job application.\\nIf you are creating a new account, fill out all of the information required by Amazon to start an account, including your name, address, and email address.\\n1-6. Complete the Amazon Flex driver application.\\nAfter you have logged in, use the Flex smartphone app to complete the driver application. The application asks a series of questions designed to let Amazon know if you meet the Flex delivery driver requirements, such as your education background, work history, and driving history. The application will also ask you to verify that your car and smartphone meet the requirements for Flex drivers.\\nOn the application, include all your relevant work experience and emphasize your safe driving record to help you stand out from other applicants.\\nThe information you provide will also be used by Amazon to run a background check, so make sure that all the information you provide is honest and accurate.\\nTry to avoid embellishing or lying on a resume. For example, say you have five years of experience when you mean five months.\\nDo not leave off your interests section. It can humanize you and show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.\\nDo not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader a couple of high-level nuggets they can understand. They know what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.\\n1-7. Register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.\\nOnce you have finished the application and Amazon has determined that you have met its basic requirements, you can register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver. To register, use the smartphone app to select the service area where you will pick up and deliver Amazon packages. Then, provide your bank account number and routing number so that Amazon can deposit your earnings directly into your bank account.\\nThe smartphone app provides you with the opportunity to watch some videos that will help you learn best practices for delivering with Amazon.\\n1-8. Schedule your Flex driver blocks to start as Amazon delivery driver.\\nTo officially become an Amazon Flex delivery driver, use the Flex smartphone app to start scheduling the blocks of time during which you will pick up and deliver packages. There are two ways you can do this:\\nYou can schedule delivery blocks by going into the calendar setting in the Flex app and selecting all the delivery blocks during which you are available. You will then receive offers to sign up for delivery blocks based on your availability, and you will accept or decline these offers.\\nTap on the Check for Available Blocks tab on the Amazon Flex app to see what blocks are available that day. You can then accept any blocks throughout the day that work for your schedule.\\n1-9. Start your new job as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.\\nOnce you have scheduled your first delivery blocks, you are ready to start driving deliveries and making money! As a Flex driver, you will likely work in 2- to 4-hour shifts making deliveries for Amazon Prime Now, AmazonFresh, and Amazon Restaurants.\\nThe Flex smartphone app provides locations and driving directions for all your pick-ups and deliveries.\\nMost AmazonFresh and Amazon Prime Now orders are picked up at a Prime Now Delivery Station and delivered to the residence or business indicated on the app.\\nFor Amazon Restaurants orders, the app indicates a designated Waiting Area for you to begin. Once you arrive at the Waiting Area, select “I’ve Arrived” in the app. The Flex app then provides further instructions on how to pick up and deliver the order.\\nAs a Flex delivery driver, Amazon pays for your entire shift, regardless of how long your deliveries take you. If you sign up for a 3-hour delivery block, for example, and you get done with your deliveries in 2 hours, you still get paid for your 3-hour shift. But, if you do not finish all the deliveries during your block, Amazon does not compensate for the extra time.\\n2. Delivering for Amazon Logistics\\n2-1. Apply to become a seasonal or full-time delivery associate.\\nCheck the Amazon website to look into the location of the Amazon warehouses in your area, and consider about how often you want to be a delivery driver for Amazon. Amazon Logistics delivery associates generally make less money than Amazon Flex drivers, so be aware of your financial needs when determining if this is the right position for you.\\nAmazon Logistics delivery associates typically make between $13 and $19 per hour, depending on the location, time of year, and whether the delivery driver is a seasonal or full-time driver.\\nAs an Amazon Logistics delivery associate, you do not need your own vehicle. Delivery associates are expected to drive an Amazon van weighing up 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg).\\nDelivery associates must be able to lift heavy packages, and climb in and out of the van with ease.\\nWhile associates are given a daily schedule, Amazon expects delivery associates to be flexible to potential schedule changes due to weather, traffic, seasonal demands, and other unanticipated factors.\\n2-2. Meet the requirements for Amazon Logistics delivery associates.\\nThe requirements may vary depending on the location and type of position, but in general, Amazon requires that delivery associates have a valid driver’s license, speak English, and have a high school diploma or GED. Finally, you must be at least 21 years old.\\n2-3. Search for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions in your area.\\nUsing the Amazon job search website or a third-party job search engine, search to see if there are any job openings in your area. Because many of the Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are seasonal, check back often to make sure that you don’t miss an opportunity to fill an opening.\\nTo search for Amazon job openings, visit https://www.amazon.jobs/en.\\nIf you see an opening at a warehouse near you, jump on the opportunity quickly, as these positions tend to fill up.\\n2-4. Fill out the online application.\\nOnce you find an Amazon Logistics delivery associate position that is available in your area, complete the application on Amazon’s website. While the questions on the application will vary depending on the specific position you apply for, in general, delivery associate applications ask that you provide your name, address, education and work history, and driving history.\\nWhen filling out the application, make sure that you include all the required information and provide any additional documents, such as a resume or proof of education.\\n2-5. Go through the interview process.\\nIf you meet the requirements for the position and your application is accepted, you may be contacted for an interview. Your interview can take place in person at Amazon’s local headquarters or warehouse, over the phone, or via video conference.\\nTake the time to prepare for your job interview so you feel confident that you will pass the interview with flying colors.\\nWhile the process varies, interviews for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are generally short, asking only a few questions about interviewees’ work experience and driving history. The interview process focuses more on making sure that potential delivery drivers are aware of everything that the job will entail.\\n2-6. Accept an offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.\\nIf your interview is successful, Amazon will reach out to you via phone or email to make you an official offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate. You can accept the offer upon receiving it, or, in most cases, you will be able to take a bit of time to consider the offer and respond in a timely manner (usually within a few days).\\nFor seasonal delivery associates, the hourly pay is generally included in the job listing so you will not need to negotiate your salary when you receive the offer. There might be some salary negotiations involved for full-time positions, however, so it might be helpful for you to review how to negotiate a salary.\\n2-7. Complete the training to become an Amazon delivery driver.\\nTraining for Amazon Logistics delivery associates is generally coordinated by Amazon shift personnel. Training usually includes several ride-alongs with more experienced delivery drivers. After successfully completing the training, you will officially become an Amazon delivery driver.\\n2-8. Start working as an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.\\nAmazon Logistics delivery drivers are usually seasonal or full-time drivers who deliver orders that depart from Amazon warehouses to homes, retail locations, and other delivery locations. Your hours and schedule will depend on whether you are a seasonal or full-time driver, as well as the needs of your particular warehouse location.\\nTips\\nLeave all packages in safe locations. Avoid placing them in the middle of driveways or anyplace that would block a door.\\nProtect packages from further damage during inclement weather. On rainy days, this typically means either placing them where they can stay dry or utilizing a plastic covering.\\nFamiliarize yourself with the location of public restrooms or (for male drivers) wooded areas where you can stop to pee during the course of your route.\\nWarnings\\nWatch out for dogs. If an unleashed dog is outside, do not go near. Ask the owner to bring them inside so you can deliver their package.\\nMake sure that you are following all rules and regulations of Amazon. Be able to back up your progress to any administrator.\\nWhen delivering a package, do not walk on the person's grass. It is rude to the homeowner unless they tell you it's okay or if there is no other way for you to deliver their package.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"With the growth of Prime Now, AmazonFresh, and Amazon Restaurants, Amazon frequently hires more delivery drivers. There are several ways to become an Amazon delivery driver, all of which come with their own challenges, benefits, and incentives. You can work for Amazon Flex if you want to use your own vehicle and set your own hours. For a more traditional job, deliver for Amazon Logistics. Either way, you'll need to meet a few basic requirements to qualify for the position.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Amazon Flex Delivery Driver\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for an Amazon Flex position to make deliveries with your own car.\", \"描述\": \"Learning what it means to be an Amazon Flex driver can help you decide if this is the right kind of job for you. Flex drivers are individuals (rather than companies) who want to deliver Amazon packages with their own car. Flex drivers are generally part-time and have the flexibility to make up their own schedules on a daily basis.\\nIf you are looking to become a part-time Amazon delivery driver and have a more flexible schedule, then this may be the right position for you.\\nAmazon Flex drivers typically make between $18 and $25 per hour, depending on the city and time of year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check if Amazon Flex is hiring in your region.\", \"描述\": \"Refer to the Amazon Flex website to check and see if Amazon is hiring Flex delivery drivers in your region. Once you go to the website online, there will be a list of regions that are currently hiring Flex delivery drivers. If your region does not appear on the list, you can sign up for the waitlist.\\nTo find out which regions are hiring Flex drivers, visit: https://flex.amazon.com/.\\nAmazon does not provide information about its waitlists for Flex drivers, so you may want to look into other employment options in the meantime.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet the Amazon Flex delivery driver requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Amazon requires that Flex drivers be at least 21 years old, have a Social Security Number, have car insurance, have a valid driver’s license, pass a background check, have a bank account capable of receiving direct deposits, have a qualifying vehicle, and have a smartphone compatible with the Amazon Flex driver app, such as an iPhone or Android phone.\\nMost cars that are mid-sized four-door sedans or larger will qualify for Amazon Flex.\\nOnce Amazon has determined that you have met all of the employment requirements, you will be able to register as a Flex driver and start earning money.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign up for Amazon Flex online.\", \"描述\": \"If Amazon is hiring Flex drivers in your region, select it from the online list. To sign up, answer a few brief questions, including where you live, what vehicle you drive, and what type of phone you use. If your answers meet Amazon’s basic requirements, you will be asked to download the Amazon Flex app on your smartphone.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Download the Amazon Flex app to access the Flex driver application.\", \"描述\": \"Use the link provided or go to your smartphone carrier’s app store to download the Amazon Flex smartphone app. Log into your existing Amazon account or create a new account to gain access to the Flex driver job application.\\nIf you are creating a new account, fill out all of the information required by Amazon to start an account, including your name, address, and email address.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete the Amazon Flex driver application.\", \"描述\": \"After you have logged in, use the Flex smartphone app to complete the driver application. The application asks a series of questions designed to let Amazon know if you meet the Flex delivery driver requirements, such as your education background, work history, and driving history. The application will also ask you to verify that your car and smartphone meet the requirements for Flex drivers.\\nOn the application, include all your relevant work experience and emphasize your safe driving record to help you stand out from other applicants.\\nThe information you provide will also be used by Amazon to run a background check, so make sure that all the information you provide is honest and accurate.\\nTry to avoid embellishing or lying on a resume. For example, say you have five years of experience when you mean five months.\\nDo not leave off your interests section. It can humanize you and show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.\\nDo not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader a couple of high-level nuggets they can understand. They know what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have finished the application and Amazon has determined that you have met its basic requirements, you can register as an Amazon Flex delivery driver. To register, use the smartphone app to select the service area where you will pick up and deliver Amazon packages. Then, provide your bank account number and routing number so that Amazon can deposit your earnings directly into your bank account.\\nThe smartphone app provides you with the opportunity to watch some videos that will help you learn best practices for delivering with Amazon.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Schedule your Flex driver blocks to start as Amazon delivery driver.\", \"描述\": \"To officially become an Amazon Flex delivery driver, use the Flex smartphone app to start scheduling the blocks of time during which you will pick up and deliver packages. There are two ways you can do this:\\nYou can schedule delivery blocks by going into the calendar setting in the Flex app and selecting all the delivery blocks during which you are available. You will then receive offers to sign up for delivery blocks based on your availability, and you will accept or decline these offers.\\nTap on the Check for Available Blocks tab on the Amazon Flex app to see what blocks are available that day. You can then accept any blocks throughout the day that work for your schedule.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Start your new job as an Amazon Flex delivery driver.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have scheduled your first delivery blocks, you are ready to start driving deliveries and making money! As a Flex driver, you will likely work in 2- to 4-hour shifts making deliveries for Amazon Prime Now, AmazonFresh, and Amazon Restaurants.\\nThe Flex smartphone app provides locations and driving directions for all your pick-ups and deliveries.\\nMost AmazonFresh and Amazon Prime Now orders are picked up at a Prime Now Delivery Station and delivered to the residence or business indicated on the app.\\nFor Amazon Restaurants orders, the app indicates a designated Waiting Area for you to begin. Once you arrive at the Waiting Area, select “I’ve Arrived” in the app. The Flex app then provides further instructions on how to pick up and deliver the order.\\nAs a Flex delivery driver, Amazon pays for your entire shift, regardless of how long your deliveries take you. If you sign up for a 3-hour delivery block, for example, and you get done with your deliveries in 2 hours, you still get paid for your 3-hour shift. But, if you do not finish all the deliveries during your block, Amazon does not compensate for the extra time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Delivering for Amazon Logistics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to become a seasonal or full-time delivery associate.\", \"描述\": \"Check the Amazon website to look into the location of the Amazon warehouses in your area, and consider about how often you want to be a delivery driver for Amazon. Amazon Logistics delivery associates generally make less money than Amazon Flex drivers, so be aware of your financial needs when determining if this is the right position for you.\\nAmazon Logistics delivery associates typically make between $13 and $19 per hour, depending on the location, time of year, and whether the delivery driver is a seasonal or full-time driver.\\nAs an Amazon Logistics delivery associate, you do not need your own vehicle. Delivery associates are expected to drive an Amazon van weighing up 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg).\\nDelivery associates must be able to lift heavy packages, and climb in and out of the van with ease.\\nWhile associates are given a daily schedule, Amazon expects delivery associates to be flexible to potential schedule changes due to weather, traffic, seasonal demands, and other unanticipated factors.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meet the requirements for Amazon Logistics delivery associates.\", \"描述\": \"The requirements may vary depending on the location and type of position, but in general, Amazon requires that delivery associates have a valid driver’s license, speak English, and have a high school diploma or GED. Finally, you must be at least 21 years old.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Using the Amazon job search website or a third-party job search engine, search to see if there are any job openings in your area. Because many of the Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are seasonal, check back often to make sure that you don’t miss an opportunity to fill an opening.\\nTo search for Amazon job openings, visit https://www.amazon.jobs/en.\\nIf you see an opening at a warehouse near you, jump on the opportunity quickly, as these positions tend to fill up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill out the online application.\", \"描述\": \"Once you find an Amazon Logistics delivery associate position that is available in your area, complete the application on Amazon’s website. While the questions on the application will vary depending on the specific position you apply for, in general, delivery associate applications ask that you provide your name, address, education and work history, and driving history.\\nWhen filling out the application, make sure that you include all the required information and provide any additional documents, such as a resume or proof of education.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go through the interview process.\", \"描述\": \"If you meet the requirements for the position and your application is accepted, you may be contacted for an interview. Your interview can take place in person at Amazon’s local headquarters or warehouse, over the phone, or via video conference.\\nTake the time to prepare for your job interview so you feel confident that you will pass the interview with flying colors.\\nWhile the process varies, interviews for Amazon Logistics delivery associate positions are generally short, asking only a few questions about interviewees’ work experience and driving history. The interview process focuses more on making sure that potential delivery drivers are aware of everything that the job will entail.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Accept an offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.\", \"描述\": \"If your interview is successful, Amazon will reach out to you via phone or email to make you an official offer to become an Amazon Logistics delivery associate. You can accept the offer upon receiving it, or, in most cases, you will be able to take a bit of time to consider the offer and respond in a timely manner (usually within a few days).\\nFor seasonal delivery associates, the hourly pay is generally included in the job listing so you will not need to negotiate your salary when you receive the offer. There might be some salary negotiations involved for full-time positions, however, so it might be helpful for you to review how to negotiate a salary.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Complete the training to become an Amazon delivery driver.\", \"描述\": \"Training for Amazon Logistics delivery associates is generally coordinated by Amazon shift personnel. Training usually includes several ride-alongs with more experienced delivery drivers. After successfully completing the training, you will officially become an Amazon delivery driver.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Start working as an Amazon Logistics delivery associate.\", \"描述\": \"Amazon Logistics delivery drivers are usually seasonal or full-time drivers who deliver orders that depart from Amazon warehouses to homes, retail locations, and other delivery locations. Your hours and schedule will depend on whether you are a seasonal or full-time driver, as well as the needs of your particular warehouse location.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Leave all packages in safe locations. Avoid placing them in the middle of driveways or anyplace that would block a door.\\n\", \"Protect packages from further damage during inclement weather. On rainy days, this typically means either placing them where they can stay dry or utilizing a plastic covering.\\n\", \"Familiarize yourself with the location of public restrooms or (for male drivers) wooded areas where you can stop to pee during the course of your route.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Watch out for dogs. If an unleashed dog is outside, do not go near. Ask the owner to bring them inside so you can deliver their package.\\n\", \"Make sure that you are following all rules and regulations of Amazon. Be able to back up your progress to any administrator.\\n\", \"When delivering a package, do not walk on the person's grass. It is rude to the homeowner unless they tell you it's okay or if there is no other way for you to deliver their package.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,932 |
How to Become an Anesthesiologist
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1. Preparing for Med School
1-1. Get your high school diploma or equivalent.
You’ll need to do one of these things to get into college or university. Take high school courses in biology, chemistry, and physics to prepare for a pre-med major in college. Challenge yourself by taking hard courses and getting good grades to impress both college and medical school admissions officers.
Enroll in AP science courses if you live in the US or Canada or GCSE or A Level courses in the UK.
1-2. Attend a high school summer medical program if you can.
Look for these programs through universities, like Georgetown or the University of Texas, Austin. You can also find them at some hospitals that have research facilities. Find a program that includes hands-on lab training so you can experience the actual work that doctors do. Attend a program that focuses on research if you want to pursue your own research project.
While these aren't required, they are very educational and can do a lot to show that you are a serious and passionate candidate when you apply to college.
1-3. Volunteer at a hospital.
Get to know the field by volunteering at a hospital or medical clinic while you’re in high school or college. Talk to the doctors and medical school students you meet about preparing for a career in medicine. Continue volunteering as long as you can through high school and college to impress medical school admissions officers with your commitment.
1-4. Take college entrance exams.
Choose whichever test is preferred at the colleges you want to apply to. Prepare for the tests using official study materials if you can acquire them. For example, in the US, get official SAT prep materials from the College Board. Consider taking an exam prep course to improve your score.
Retake the test to improve your score if necessary. This may only be an option with some exams.
1-5. Complete a bachelor's degree in pre-med or a related field.
If you live in a country like the US where medicine is a post-baccalaureate degree, you’ll need to complete college before pursuing a medical degree. Look for pre-health or dedicated pre-med programs at the college or university you attend.
Take courses in organic and inorganic chemistry, biology, biochemistry, physics.
Make sure your science courses all have a lab component.
Consider doing classes in public health, ethics, and statistics.
Consult your advisor about actual requirements for graduation.
1-6. Prepare for medical school entrance exams.
Take exam prep courses. Set aside dedicated time to study for the exams during the academic year and in the summer. Do practice exams and read about any changes to the test so you’re best prepared for the questions.
For example, in the US, you’ll take the MCAT. In the UK, you’ll take the BMAT, GAMSAT, UKCAT, or HPAT, depending on the university where you plan to enroll.
Find MCAT practice materials on Khan Academy, through the Association of American Medical Colleges, and in Official MCAT publications. These include a guidebook, sample tests, and flashcards.
2. Going to Med School
2-1. Find a medical school.
Look for accredited programs that offer the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Choose either path to become a fully credentialed physician qualified to become an anesthesiologist. Pick your school based on criteria that are important to you, like geographical location, student body and faculty diversity, financing, and matriculation data. For example, you might want to find a program that graduates the majority of students within four years.
2-2. Consider enrolling in a BA/BS and MD program if you live in the US.
Look for universities that offer programs that combine undergraduate study with medical school. Find an accelerated program that will reduce your overall time in college and med school, like the program at Howard University. Be prepared for required summer school if you attend an accelerated program.
Prepare for these programs by excelling on your ACT or SAT exams, getting very good grades in high school, demonstrating a commitment to a career in medicine, like through volunteer work.
Many programs are very exclusive and only accept a handful of applicants each year.
2-3. Learn the fundamentals of medicine in your first two years.
Take courses like physiology, pathology, microbiology, and neuroscience. These courses will have a lab component. Continue taking courses in your second two years, and also gain hands-on training through rotations in hospitals and clinics.
3. Specializing in Anesthesiology
3-1. Complete a four-year anesthesiology residency.
This is necessary if you live in Canada or the US, or wish to practice in Canada or the US. Receive clinical training working in hospitals during your residency. You’ll also provide supervised medical care to patients.
Find your residency through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP), which matches medical school graduates with residency programs.
Supplement your education by completing an additional one-year fellowship after your four-year residency. Focus on a specialized field like cardiac or pediatric anesthesiology.
3-2. Find out the requirements for licensing or certification in your country.
Demonstrate you are fit to practice medicine and prescribe medications through licensure or certification. Determine if this is through a national entity, or if it depends on the state or province where you live. Also look into any required exams.
In the UK and other commonwealth countries, you’ll need to be registered. Obtain registration through the General Medical Council.
Pass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and/or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) to as part of the licensing process in the US. Apply for licensing in the state where you wish to work.
Take the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part I and Part II and receive the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) before applying for your license in the province where you plan to work.
3-3. Contact your licensing board in the US or Canada.
Ask for complete information about the process so you can provide all needed information as soon as you apply. Compile a CV or other list showing all aspects of your training in anesthesiology, including information about your medical school studies, licensing exam results, your residency, and any fellowships. Follow up in person with the licensing board, especially offering to connect them with your medical school or residency program to speed up the process.
3-4. Become board certified.
If you wish to practice in the US, this is recommended but not required. Demonstrate your expertise in anesthesiology and commitment to the field through certification. Take the required board certification exam offered by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) or the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology (AOBA) both offer board certification exams.
Prepare for the exams by going to the ABA or AOBA websites and searching for the links to the Pearson VUE exam tutorials and practice tests.
3-5. Find work as an anesthesiologist.
Look for employment in hospitals, outpatient surgical centers, private and group practices, urgent care centers, or academic medical centers. You can also become a medical officer in the military. Be prepared to work long and irregular hours, sometimes over 60 hours a week.
With ever-growing populations, there will continue to be an increased demand for anesthesiologists and other medical professionals.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:12",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Med School\\n1-1. Get your high school diploma or equivalent.\\nYou’ll need to do one of these things to get into college or university. Take high school courses in biology, chemistry, and physics to prepare for a pre-med major in college. Challenge yourself by taking hard courses and getting good grades to impress both college and medical school admissions officers. \\nEnroll in AP science courses if you live in the US or Canada or GCSE or A Level courses in the UK.\\n1-2. Attend a high school summer medical program if you can.\\nLook for these programs through universities, like Georgetown or the University of Texas, Austin. You can also find them at some hospitals that have research facilities. Find a program that includes hands-on lab training so you can experience the actual work that doctors do. Attend a program that focuses on research if you want to pursue your own research project.\\nWhile these aren't required, they are very educational and can do a lot to show that you are a serious and passionate candidate when you apply to college.\\n1-3. Volunteer at a hospital.\\nGet to know the field by volunteering at a hospital or medical clinic while you’re in high school or college. Talk to the doctors and medical school students you meet about preparing for a career in medicine. Continue volunteering as long as you can through high school and college to impress medical school admissions officers with your commitment.\\n1-4. Take college entrance exams.\\nChoose whichever test is preferred at the colleges you want to apply to. Prepare for the tests using official study materials if you can acquire them. For example, in the US, get official SAT prep materials from the College Board. Consider taking an exam prep course to improve your score.\\nRetake the test to improve your score if necessary. This may only be an option with some exams.\\n1-5. Complete a bachelor's degree in pre-med or a related field.\\nIf you live in a country like the US where medicine is a post-baccalaureate degree, you’ll need to complete college before pursuing a medical degree. Look for pre-health or dedicated pre-med programs at the college or university you attend.\\nTake courses in organic and inorganic chemistry, biology, biochemistry, physics.\\nMake sure your science courses all have a lab component.\\nConsider doing classes in public health, ethics, and statistics.\\nConsult your advisor about actual requirements for graduation.\\n1-6. Prepare for medical school entrance exams.\\nTake exam prep courses. Set aside dedicated time to study for the exams during the academic year and in the summer. Do practice exams and read about any changes to the test so you’re best prepared for the questions.\\nFor example, in the US, you’ll take the MCAT. In the UK, you’ll take the BMAT, GAMSAT, UKCAT, or HPAT, depending on the university where you plan to enroll.\\nFind MCAT practice materials on Khan Academy, through the Association of American Medical Colleges, and in Official MCAT publications. These include a guidebook, sample tests, and flashcards.\\n2. Going to Med School\\n2-1. Find a medical school.\\nLook for accredited programs that offer the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Choose either path to become a fully credentialed physician qualified to become an anesthesiologist. Pick your school based on criteria that are important to you, like geographical location, student body and faculty diversity, financing, and matriculation data. For example, you might want to find a program that graduates the majority of students within four years.\\n2-2. Consider enrolling in a BA/BS and MD program if you live in the US.\\nLook for universities that offer programs that combine undergraduate study with medical school. Find an accelerated program that will reduce your overall time in college and med school, like the program at Howard University. Be prepared for required summer school if you attend an accelerated program.\\nPrepare for these programs by excelling on your ACT or SAT exams, getting very good grades in high school, demonstrating a commitment to a career in medicine, like through volunteer work.\\nMany programs are very exclusive and only accept a handful of applicants each year.\\n2-3. Learn the fundamentals of medicine in your first two years.\\nTake courses like physiology, pathology, microbiology, and neuroscience. These courses will have a lab component. Continue taking courses in your second two years, and also gain hands-on training through rotations in hospitals and clinics.\\n3. Specializing in Anesthesiology\\n3-1. Complete a four-year anesthesiology residency.\\nThis is necessary if you live in Canada or the US, or wish to practice in Canada or the US. Receive clinical training working in hospitals during your residency. You’ll also provide supervised medical care to patients.\\nFind your residency through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP), which matches medical school graduates with residency programs.\\nSupplement your education by completing an additional one-year fellowship after your four-year residency. Focus on a specialized field like cardiac or pediatric anesthesiology.\\n3-2. Find out the requirements for licensing or certification in your country.\\nDemonstrate you are fit to practice medicine and prescribe medications through licensure or certification. Determine if this is through a national entity, or if it depends on the state or province where you live. Also look into any required exams.\\nIn the UK and other commonwealth countries, you’ll need to be registered. Obtain registration through the General Medical Council.\\nPass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and/or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) to as part of the licensing process in the US. Apply for licensing in the state where you wish to work.\\nTake the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part I and Part II and receive the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) before applying for your license in the province where you plan to work.\\n3-3. Contact your licensing board in the US or Canada.\\nAsk for complete information about the process so you can provide all needed information as soon as you apply. Compile a CV or other list showing all aspects of your training in anesthesiology, including information about your medical school studies, licensing exam results, your residency, and any fellowships. Follow up in person with the licensing board, especially offering to connect them with your medical school or residency program to speed up the process.\\n3-4. Become board certified.\\nIf you wish to practice in the US, this is recommended but not required. Demonstrate your expertise in anesthesiology and commitment to the field through certification. Take the required board certification exam offered by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) or the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology (AOBA) both offer board certification exams. \\nPrepare for the exams by going to the ABA or AOBA websites and searching for the links to the Pearson VUE exam tutorials and practice tests.\\n3-5. Find work as an anesthesiologist.\\nLook for employment in hospitals, outpatient surgical centers, private and group practices, urgent care centers, or academic medical centers. You can also become a medical officer in the military. Be prepared to work long and irregular hours, sometimes over 60 hours a week.\\nWith ever-growing populations, there will continue to be an increased demand for anesthesiologists and other medical professionals.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Anesthesiologists are responsible for providing pain relief to patients and monitoring patients' vital signs during surgery. Anesthesiology is a prestigious and lucrative field of medicine that requires a great deal of education and expertise. Begin preparing for your career as early as possible. Ideally, you’ll do pre-med courses in college, but even if you graduate with a liberal arts degree, you can still attend medical school and become a board-certified anesthesiologist.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Med School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your high school diploma or equivalent.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to do one of these things to get into college or university. Take high school courses in biology, chemistry, and physics to prepare for a pre-med major in college. Challenge yourself by taking hard courses and getting good grades to impress both college and medical school admissions officers. \\nEnroll in AP science courses if you live in the US or Canada or GCSE or A Level courses in the UK.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend a high school summer medical program if you can.\", \"描述\": \"Look for these programs through universities, like Georgetown or the University of Texas, Austin. You can also find them at some hospitals that have research facilities. Find a program that includes hands-on lab training so you can experience the actual work that doctors do. Attend a program that focuses on research if you want to pursue your own research project.\\nWhile these aren't required, they are very educational and can do a lot to show that you are a serious and passionate candidate when you apply to college.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Volunteer at a hospital.\", \"描述\": \"Get to know the field by volunteering at a hospital or medical clinic while you’re in high school or college. Talk to the doctors and medical school students you meet about preparing for a career in medicine. Continue volunteering as long as you can through high school and college to impress medical school admissions officers with your commitment.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take college entrance exams.\", \"描述\": \"Choose whichever test is preferred at the colleges you want to apply to. Prepare for the tests using official study materials if you can acquire them. For example, in the US, get official SAT prep materials from the College Board. Consider taking an exam prep course to improve your score.\\nRetake the test to improve your score if necessary. This may only be an option with some exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete a bachelor's degree in pre-med or a related field.\", \"描述\": \"If you live in a country like the US where medicine is a post-baccalaureate degree, you’ll need to complete college before pursuing a medical degree. Look for pre-health or dedicated pre-med programs at the college or university you attend.\\nTake courses in organic and inorganic chemistry, biology, biochemistry, physics.\\nMake sure your science courses all have a lab component.\\nConsider doing classes in public health, ethics, and statistics.\\nConsult your advisor about actual requirements for graduation.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare for medical school entrance exams.\", \"描述\": \"Take exam prep courses. Set aside dedicated time to study for the exams during the academic year and in the summer. Do practice exams and read about any changes to the test so you’re best prepared for the questions.\\nFor example, in the US, you’ll take the MCAT. In the UK, you’ll take the BMAT, GAMSAT, UKCAT, or HPAT, depending on the university where you plan to enroll.\\nFind MCAT practice materials on Khan Academy, through the Association of American Medical Colleges, and in Official MCAT publications. These include a guidebook, sample tests, and flashcards.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Going to Med School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a medical school.\", \"描述\": \"Look for accredited programs that offer the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Choose either path to become a fully credentialed physician qualified to become an anesthesiologist. Pick your school based on criteria that are important to you, like geographical location, student body and faculty diversity, financing, and matriculation data. For example, you might want to find a program that graduates the majority of students within four years.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider enrolling in a BA/BS and MD program if you live in the US.\", \"描述\": \"Look for universities that offer programs that combine undergraduate study with medical school. Find an accelerated program that will reduce your overall time in college and med school, like the program at Howard University. Be prepared for required summer school if you attend an accelerated program.\\nPrepare for these programs by excelling on your ACT or SAT exams, getting very good grades in high school, demonstrating a commitment to a career in medicine, like through volunteer work.\\nMany programs are very exclusive and only accept a handful of applicants each year.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn the fundamentals of medicine in your first two years.\", \"描述\": \"Take courses like physiology, pathology, microbiology, and neuroscience. These courses will have a lab component. Continue taking courses in your second two years, and also gain hands-on training through rotations in hospitals and clinics.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Specializing in Anesthesiology\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete a four-year anesthesiology residency.\", \"描述\": \"This is necessary if you live in Canada or the US, or wish to practice in Canada or the US. Receive clinical training working in hospitals during your residency. You’ll also provide supervised medical care to patients.\\nFind your residency through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP), which matches medical school graduates with residency programs.\\nSupplement your education by completing an additional one-year fellowship after your four-year residency. Focus on a specialized field like cardiac or pediatric anesthesiology.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find out the requirements for licensing or certification in your country.\", \"描述\": \"Demonstrate you are fit to practice medicine and prescribe medications through licensure or certification. Determine if this is through a national entity, or if it depends on the state or province where you live. Also look into any required exams.\\nIn the UK and other commonwealth countries, you’ll need to be registered. Obtain registration through the General Medical Council.\\nPass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and/or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) to as part of the licensing process in the US. Apply for licensing in the state where you wish to work.\\nTake the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part I and Part II and receive the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) before applying for your license in the province where you plan to work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact your licensing board in the US or Canada.\", \"描述\": \"Ask for complete information about the process so you can provide all needed information as soon as you apply. Compile a CV or other list showing all aspects of your training in anesthesiology, including information about your medical school studies, licensing exam results, your residency, and any fellowships. Follow up in person with the licensing board, especially offering to connect them with your medical school or residency program to speed up the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become board certified.\", \"描述\": \"If you wish to practice in the US, this is recommended but not required. Demonstrate your expertise in anesthesiology and commitment to the field through certification. Take the required board certification exam offered by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) or the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology (AOBA) both offer board certification exams. \\nPrepare for the exams by going to the ABA or AOBA websites and searching for the links to the Pearson VUE exam tutorials and practice tests.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find work as an anesthesiologist.\", \"描述\": \"Look for employment in hospitals, outpatient surgical centers, private and group practices, urgent care centers, or academic medical centers. You can also become a medical officer in the military. Be prepared to work long and irregular hours, sometimes over 60 hours a week.\\nWith ever-growing populations, there will continue to be an increased demand for anesthesiologists and other medical professionals.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,933 |
How to Become an Animator
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1. Getting the Proper Skills Training
1-1. Consider obtaining formal education.
Although there are always exceptions, it will be easier to find a job as an animator if you obtain a bachelor's or associate's degree from a university or technical college that has a good record in the field.
You want to look for an educational institution that offers courses in 2-D and 3-D animation. Although some students in animation choose to major in art, finding a program with a degree in animation specifically is even better.
To help you select a school, look up listings and reviews of animation schools. For example, the Animation Career Review lists top schools for private game design. It also has listings of the top animation schools by region.
You might be able to choose a two-year or online program instead. The Animation Career Review is one place you can check for animation school programs. The site has a detailed listing of schools that offer animation related degrees. You should look for schools that offer majors in the specific types of animation you are interested in. For example, if you want to be an animator of video games, you should choose a school offering majors in things like "gaming design" and "3D modeling for games."
1-2. Pinpoint changing trends in the field.
As technology changes, and consumers demand more sophisticated imagery, certain areas of the field offer more job opportunities than others. Study the field, so you understand where its growth areas are and how your skills best fit.
Reading trade publications that specialize in animation fields is a great way to embrace trends and have a better understanding of the industry.
Cartoonists (2-D animators) are not as in demand these days as technical animators who use computers to create imagery. Just consider how movie animation has changed from the days of Mickey Mouse to the digital complexity of Toy Story.
1-3. Consider specializing.
You should probably specialize in one aspect of the field that you are best at and love most. Don't try to do everything at once. Find your animation niche, whether it's drawing by hand or using computers to create complex special effects. If you love to draw and are good at it, maybe 2-D is the way to go. If you have a mind for math and love using computers, 3-D is the best bet.
Universities and other training programs offer specialties in areas like game design, computer animation, graphic design, visual art, motion graphics, and entertainment animation.
People sometimes figure out which specialty fits them best when they are already in school. Don't put too much pressure on yourself to specialize right away. However, by the end of your schooling, it's good to demonstrate a focus.
Specializing will help you pick the right degree program and courses. You will need different courses to be an animator for Hollywood films than you would need to be an animator for gaming. Some universities have degree programs designed along various specialties.
Mastering the fundamentals should not be forgotten, however. If you can show employers you also have a strong basis of the fundamentals, you will be more marketable.
1-4. Get computer skills.
This is extremely important. You should demonstrate artistic creativity, however you will be far more marketable as an animator these days if you also learn computer programs commonly used by animators. It's essential.
Common programs used by animators include website design software (like Dreamweaver), software used for graphics and photo imaging (like Creative Suite), 2-D and 3-D animation software (such as Studio Max, Maya, Flash, and After Effects), and video editing software (such as Premiere or Final Cut Pro).
These computer programs can be very expensive. However, many college programs offer discounts for students.
1-5. Learn traditional art.
Animators aren't just technological robots. They need to have an understanding of artistic concepts and be able to draw. This is true for people going into 3-D animation, also.
Traditional art training helps an animator create poses and stage shots.
Good animators will understand how to draw by hand, how to space the drawings properly to create the motion they want, and how to create motion in their characters. In the field, this is called being a "draftsman."
There are jobs for animators who draw only by hand, but it's a tougher field these days. Still, taking some courses in art will make most people a better animator. Some animation-oriented companies like Pixar actually say they put as much emphasis on artistic ability as computer skills for all animators.
1-6. Obtain well-rounded skills.
There are other courses and experiences you may need to be a good animator that can be found outside the specific degree programs that focus on animation training.
Some big studios look for animators with acting experience. They believe it helps them better capture life and movement in their characters. Remember, they want to hire you to create personality and storyline - to recreate life, essentially.
Courses in science and, especially geometry, are valued by animators. Animators must be creative and visual, but they also need to have an understanding of geometry.
If taking a formal course or class isn’t available to you, no worries! Learn new skills by scouring YouTube and other creative platforms, and start practicing.
1-7. Gain professional experience.
Build your resume with actual work experience. This is true while you are still in college. Start then (or even in high school if you can). Animators need to demonstrate professional experience, not just a college degree, to get their first job.
Many animation companies offer apprenticeships and internships for animation students looking to build their resumes to get their first job. Sometimes, these are unpaid.
Consider volunteering. This can be a good way to build up your resume. You may have to work for free for a while, but the work will help you get a job. Many non-profit organizations would love to have an animator help them with projects.
You can put volunteer work on your resume and in your portfolio. Companies won't care much that you weren't paid to do it. The critical thing is to show people what you have done and can do in a very concrete way.
Entry-level animation jobs usually require one year professional experience at least, and you will probably need about 5 years experience to obtain a more advanced position.
2. Learning what Animators Do
2-1. Study the job descriptions for animators.
You need to have a clear understanding of the job and its many specialties, so you can make sure you have matching skills. All animators bring characters or images to life on screen by creating a sense of motion, but they work in different fields.
Some animators create pictures that are used by motion picture studios and advertising agencies. Others create storyboards that are used by television and movie directors to plan their filming. These storyboards illustrate what will be seen on screen, such as where actors will stand. There are many different roles that people can play in the animation process.
Animators create special effects that appear in movies, television shows, and video games. Animators also work as modelers, in computer animation, as painters, as game designers, and as technical directors.
Consider freelancing. Sometimes animators freelance on the side in different areas of the field.
2-2. Learn the personality traits needed by animators.
Employers look for "hard" skills like the ability to use computer programs. They also consider "soft" skills, which are the personality traits that many animators need to have.
It can take many weeks to create a 10-second animation. If you don't have the patience for such an endeavor, this might not be the best field for you. Don't expect to learn the skills of animation in a couple of weeks, either. The field requires a great deal of technical training.
Animation is fun, and many animators grew up enjoying animated video games or movies. Imagine being asked to create a fight between two Transformers! If you enjoy animation as a consumer of media, this might be a good career field for you.
Animators are perceptive and good observers of life and human nature. This is because they will be asked to recreate facial expressions and the way that people move. They need to have the ability to create story lines, not just characters.
Animators need to work well with other people. It's rare for an animator's role not to involve teamwork. There are many, many steps in the entire animation process.
Check to see if you have some of these skills by talking a Myers Briggs or Clifton Strengths test.
2-3. Master the required steps to create animation.
The animation process can be broken down into different sections. It involves a lot more than simply putting a pen to paper (or finger on a computer mouse). By mastering these stages, you can better choose which role you want to play.
Pre-production. In this stage, the animator conceptualizes the final product. An animator might create a storyboard that includes sketches of each frame and helps develop and visualize the storyline. The drawings in a storyboard often contain text describing the movements of the characters.
Sometimes animators will shoot reference videos in pre-production. For example, if they are going to create a character throwing a baseball, they might want to shoot and study a video of a person throwing a baseball.
Model sheets show characters' facial expressions. These specific drawings allow animators to keep the characters' personalities consistent. Then, the visuals department creates animatics, which are simple mock ups of the visual animation. An animator will also decide on a few key poses, which are the core positions of the character.
Production. Layout artists create 3-D versions of the storyboard drawings. Basically, they bring them to life. Some forms of animation use modelers who shape the drawings into life. Textures provide the tiny details that make animation seem real, such as cracks in sidewalks. Rigging means the characters' bones and motion is further defined on screen. Some forms of animation use motion capture, which means an actor or actress' motion is captured and then matched to the animation drawings.
Post-production. There are three basic components of post-production: Compositing brings together all of the previous elements in production into one seamless storyline. Sound editing adds sound effects and lip-syncing to the animated drawings. Video editing is a process to create proper flow and storyline by rearranging images if necessary.
Research the different levels, skills, steps, and styles of animation on YouTube. Then, start practicing yourself.
2-4. Study the differences between animation types.
Most animation is either 2-D or 3-D. To understand the difference, recall that traditional cartoons like Aladdin were 2-D and movies like Toy Story were done in 3-D and show more complex dimensions.
To be a 2-D animator, you would draw everything you see frame-by-frame. You draw key poses. Then you draw every movement in between. Artistic ability by hand is important for all animators, but it's more important with 2-D animation. Animation usually uses about 24 frames a second. Slower movements can use 12 frames a second. In stop animation, where characters are still, you don't use many frames.
3-D animators move characters like puppets on the computer. 3-D animators create a model of the character. The animator can grab controls using a computer to create nuanced movement by the character. 3-D animation requires a knowledge of graphs and curves and basic geometry. 3-D animators rarely use stop animation. They have to always keep the character in motion or it will look like a mistake.
3. Creating a Portfolio
3-1. Create a demo reel.
It's common in the field for employers to want to see your work on a demo reel. A demo reel is a video in which short examples of different animation scenes you've created plays on the screen. Some companies prefer demo reels that highlight a short segment of your best piece instead of multiple examples of your work.
You might want to alter your demo reel for various positions to highlight the style and training needed for that specific job. Different companies prefer different looks.
Demo reels for beginners should be about 2 minutes, but no longer than 4 minutes for animators with more experience. Select your best work for the reel, not every single thing you've done.Start and end with the best work.
Some employers want to see a DVD of the demo reel, but others will accept a link to the demo reel on your website. Some companies, like Pixar, tell applicants they will send them information on what they want to see in a portfolio and demo reel when they apply.
Use original sound in pieces that have dialogue, but avoid adding distracting music to the reel. You can use music, but just make sure it complements the animation instead of overpowering it. Some employers will turn down the music when watching your animation anyway.
Number each shot. The number will usually appear on the top right of the screen when each new animation segment appears on the demo reel.
Include a title card. This frame should have your name and contact information on it, as well as the job you're applying for. The title card should appear at the beginning and at the end of the demo reel.
Top animation companies are looking for creative ideas in a demo reel in addition to technical skills. Don't just do what everyone else is doing. Be willing to take chances. One animator said he wanted to use a diving shot, but instead chose a diving shot in which the character slipped and fell, to differentiate his reel from other reels with diving shots.
Upload the reel to You Tube, Vimeo, and your website.
3-2. Provide a demo reel breakdown.
Most companies will want a summary of what you did on screen written in text form that they can easily refer to when judging your work.
The numbers on the demo reel should match the numbers on the demo reel breakdown.
Tell the person watching exactly what you did. For example, if you have a ball on screen, explain whether you shaded the ball.
3-3. Write a cover letter and resume.
These are two traditional job-seeking documents that many animation companies will want you to submit with your demo reel.
The cover letter should introduce yourself and your demo reel. You want to sell yourself in the cover letter.
The resume should list your education and training and places of employment that are relevant to the position, as well as any awards you have received and specific skills you possess.
3-4. Develop an online portfolio site to showcase your work.
You will need to pull your best work into a portfolio to apply for an animation job. People will want to see examples of what you have done, not just be told what you have done. A portfolio is not optional. It's expected.
Include a biography section. You need to give employers a sense of you are as a professional.
Provide longer samples of your work.
Make sure there is a contact section.
Creation a section for your demo reel and resume.
Study examples of real portfolio sites by professional animators. You can find many of these online, and they will give you a better understanding of the norms in the field and what the competition is doing.
Tips
Practice makes perfect! Try to practice as much as you can.
Having a drawing tablet can help. If you can't afford one, that's okay, too.
Be persistent. Some companies, like Pixar, recommend that rejected applicants continue trying every 6 months for new positions.
Warnings
Trolls are lurking online. Don't listen to them. You can't please everybody.
Your first animation probably won't be your best, so don't get discouraged. Don't create and submit a demo reel until you have a good array of strong work.
Don't use music you don't own. You may get in trouble if you do.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Proper Skills Training\\n1-1. Consider obtaining formal education.\\nAlthough there are always exceptions, it will be easier to find a job as an animator if you obtain a bachelor's or associate's degree from a university or technical college that has a good record in the field.\\nYou want to look for an educational institution that offers courses in 2-D and 3-D animation. Although some students in animation choose to major in art, finding a program with a degree in animation specifically is even better.\\nTo help you select a school, look up listings and reviews of animation schools. For example, the Animation Career Review lists top schools for private game design. It also has listings of the top animation schools by region. \\nYou might be able to choose a two-year or online program instead. The Animation Career Review is one place you can check for animation school programs. The site has a detailed listing of schools that offer animation related degrees. You should look for schools that offer majors in the specific types of animation you are interested in. For example, if you want to be an animator of video games, you should choose a school offering majors in things like \\\"gaming design\\\" and \\\"3D modeling for games.\\\"\\n1-2. Pinpoint changing trends in the field.\\nAs technology changes, and consumers demand more sophisticated imagery, certain areas of the field offer more job opportunities than others. Study the field, so you understand where its growth areas are and how your skills best fit.\\nReading trade publications that specialize in animation fields is a great way to embrace trends and have a better understanding of the industry.\\nCartoonists (2-D animators) are not as in demand these days as technical animators who use computers to create imagery. Just consider how movie animation has changed from the days of Mickey Mouse to the digital complexity of Toy Story.\\n1-3. Consider specializing.\\nYou should probably specialize in one aspect of the field that you are best at and love most. Don't try to do everything at once. Find your animation niche, whether it's drawing by hand or using computers to create complex special effects. If you love to draw and are good at it, maybe 2-D is the way to go. If you have a mind for math and love using computers, 3-D is the best bet.\\nUniversities and other training programs offer specialties in areas like game design, computer animation, graphic design, visual art, motion graphics, and entertainment animation.\\nPeople sometimes figure out which specialty fits them best when they are already in school. Don't put too much pressure on yourself to specialize right away. However, by the end of your schooling, it's good to demonstrate a focus.\\nSpecializing will help you pick the right degree program and courses. You will need different courses to be an animator for Hollywood films than you would need to be an animator for gaming. Some universities have degree programs designed along various specialties.\\nMastering the fundamentals should not be forgotten, however. If you can show employers you also have a strong basis of the fundamentals, you will be more marketable.\\n1-4. Get computer skills.\\nThis is extremely important. You should demonstrate artistic creativity, however you will be far more marketable as an animator these days if you also learn computer programs commonly used by animators. It's essential.\\nCommon programs used by animators include website design software (like Dreamweaver), software used for graphics and photo imaging (like Creative Suite), 2-D and 3-D animation software (such as Studio Max, Maya, Flash, and After Effects), and video editing software (such as Premiere or Final Cut Pro). \\nThese computer programs can be very expensive. However, many college programs offer discounts for students.\\n1-5. Learn traditional art.\\nAnimators aren't just technological robots. They need to have an understanding of artistic concepts and be able to draw. This is true for people going into 3-D animation, also.\\nTraditional art training helps an animator create poses and stage shots. \\nGood animators will understand how to draw by hand, how to space the drawings properly to create the motion they want, and how to create motion in their characters. In the field, this is called being a \\\"draftsman.\\\"\\nThere are jobs for animators who draw only by hand, but it's a tougher field these days. Still, taking some courses in art will make most people a better animator. Some animation-oriented companies like Pixar actually say they put as much emphasis on artistic ability as computer skills for all animators.\\n1-6. Obtain well-rounded skills.\\nThere are other courses and experiences you may need to be a good animator that can be found outside the specific degree programs that focus on animation training.\\nSome big studios look for animators with acting experience. They believe it helps them better capture life and movement in their characters. Remember, they want to hire you to create personality and storyline - to recreate life, essentially.\\nCourses in science and, especially geometry, are valued by animators. Animators must be creative and visual, but they also need to have an understanding of geometry.\\nIf taking a formal course or class isn’t available to you, no worries! Learn new skills by scouring YouTube and other creative platforms, and start practicing.\\n1-7. Gain professional experience.\\nBuild your resume with actual work experience. This is true while you are still in college. Start then (or even in high school if you can). Animators need to demonstrate professional experience, not just a college degree, to get their first job.\\nMany animation companies offer apprenticeships and internships for animation students looking to build their resumes to get their first job. Sometimes, these are unpaid.\\nConsider volunteering. This can be a good way to build up your resume. You may have to work for free for a while, but the work will help you get a job. Many non-profit organizations would love to have an animator help them with projects.\\nYou can put volunteer work on your resume and in your portfolio. Companies won't care much that you weren't paid to do it. The critical thing is to show people what you have done and can do in a very concrete way.\\nEntry-level animation jobs usually require one year professional experience at least, and you will probably need about 5 years experience to obtain a more advanced position.\\n2. Learning what Animators Do\\n2-1. Study the job descriptions for animators.\\nYou need to have a clear understanding of the job and its many specialties, so you can make sure you have matching skills. All animators bring characters or images to life on screen by creating a sense of motion, but they work in different fields.\\nSome animators create pictures that are used by motion picture studios and advertising agencies. Others create storyboards that are used by television and movie directors to plan their filming. These storyboards illustrate what will be seen on screen, such as where actors will stand. There are many different roles that people can play in the animation process.\\nAnimators create special effects that appear in movies, television shows, and video games. Animators also work as modelers, in computer animation, as painters, as game designers, and as technical directors.\\nConsider freelancing. Sometimes animators freelance on the side in different areas of the field.\\n2-2. Learn the personality traits needed by animators.\\nEmployers look for \\\"hard\\\" skills like the ability to use computer programs. They also consider \\\"soft\\\" skills, which are the personality traits that many animators need to have.\\nIt can take many weeks to create a 10-second animation. If you don't have the patience for such an endeavor, this might not be the best field for you. Don't expect to learn the skills of animation in a couple of weeks, either. The field requires a great deal of technical training.\\nAnimation is fun, and many animators grew up enjoying animated video games or movies. Imagine being asked to create a fight between two Transformers! If you enjoy animation as a consumer of media, this might be a good career field for you.\\nAnimators are perceptive and good observers of life and human nature. This is because they will be asked to recreate facial expressions and the way that people move. They need to have the ability to create story lines, not just characters.\\nAnimators need to work well with other people. It's rare for an animator's role not to involve teamwork. There are many, many steps in the entire animation process.\\nCheck to see if you have some of these skills by talking a Myers Briggs or Clifton Strengths test.\\n2-3. Master the required steps to create animation.\\nThe animation process can be broken down into different sections. It involves a lot more than simply putting a pen to paper (or finger on a computer mouse). By mastering these stages, you can better choose which role you want to play.\\nPre-production. In this stage, the animator conceptualizes the final product. An animator might create a storyboard that includes sketches of each frame and helps develop and visualize the storyline. The drawings in a storyboard often contain text describing the movements of the characters.\\nSometimes animators will shoot reference videos in pre-production. For example, if they are going to create a character throwing a baseball, they might want to shoot and study a video of a person throwing a baseball. \\nModel sheets show characters' facial expressions. These specific drawings allow animators to keep the characters' personalities consistent. Then, the visuals department creates animatics, which are simple mock ups of the visual animation. An animator will also decide on a few key poses, which are the core positions of the character.\\nProduction. Layout artists create 3-D versions of the storyboard drawings. Basically, they bring them to life. Some forms of animation use modelers who shape the drawings into life. Textures provide the tiny details that make animation seem real, such as cracks in sidewalks. Rigging means the characters' bones and motion is further defined on screen. Some forms of animation use motion capture, which means an actor or actress' motion is captured and then matched to the animation drawings.\\nPost-production. There are three basic components of post-production: Compositing brings together all of the previous elements in production into one seamless storyline. Sound editing adds sound effects and lip-syncing to the animated drawings. Video editing is a process to create proper flow and storyline by rearranging images if necessary.\\nResearch the different levels, skills, steps, and styles of animation on YouTube. Then, start practicing yourself.\\n2-4. Study the differences between animation types.\\nMost animation is either 2-D or 3-D. To understand the difference, recall that traditional cartoons like Aladdin were 2-D and movies like Toy Story were done in 3-D and show more complex dimensions. \\nTo be a 2-D animator, you would draw everything you see frame-by-frame. You draw key poses. Then you draw every movement in between. Artistic ability by hand is important for all animators, but it's more important with 2-D animation. Animation usually uses about 24 frames a second. Slower movements can use 12 frames a second. In stop animation, where characters are still, you don't use many frames.\\n3-D animators move characters like puppets on the computer. 3-D animators create a model of the character. The animator can grab controls using a computer to create nuanced movement by the character. 3-D animation requires a knowledge of graphs and curves and basic geometry. 3-D animators rarely use stop animation. They have to always keep the character in motion or it will look like a mistake.\\n3. Creating a Portfolio\\n3-1. Create a demo reel.\\nIt's common in the field for employers to want to see your work on a demo reel. A demo reel is a video in which short examples of different animation scenes you've created plays on the screen. Some companies prefer demo reels that highlight a short segment of your best piece instead of multiple examples of your work.\\nYou might want to alter your demo reel for various positions to highlight the style and training needed for that specific job. Different companies prefer different looks.\\nDemo reels for beginners should be about 2 minutes, but no longer than 4 minutes for animators with more experience. Select your best work for the reel, not every single thing you've done.Start and end with the best work.\\nSome employers want to see a DVD of the demo reel, but others will accept a link to the demo reel on your website. Some companies, like Pixar, tell applicants they will send them information on what they want to see in a portfolio and demo reel when they apply. \\nUse original sound in pieces that have dialogue, but avoid adding distracting music to the reel. You can use music, but just make sure it complements the animation instead of overpowering it. Some employers will turn down the music when watching your animation anyway.\\nNumber each shot. The number will usually appear on the top right of the screen when each new animation segment appears on the demo reel.\\nInclude a title card. This frame should have your name and contact information on it, as well as the job you're applying for. The title card should appear at the beginning and at the end of the demo reel.\\nTop animation companies are looking for creative ideas in a demo reel in addition to technical skills. Don't just do what everyone else is doing. Be willing to take chances. One animator said he wanted to use a diving shot, but instead chose a diving shot in which the character slipped and fell, to differentiate his reel from other reels with diving shots.\\nUpload the reel to You Tube, Vimeo, and your website.\\n3-2. Provide a demo reel breakdown.\\nMost companies will want a summary of what you did on screen written in text form that they can easily refer to when judging your work.\\nThe numbers on the demo reel should match the numbers on the demo reel breakdown.\\nTell the person watching exactly what you did. For example, if you have a ball on screen, explain whether you shaded the ball.\\n3-3. Write a cover letter and resume.\\nThese are two traditional job-seeking documents that many animation companies will want you to submit with your demo reel.\\nThe cover letter should introduce yourself and your demo reel. You want to sell yourself in the cover letter.\\nThe resume should list your education and training and places of employment that are relevant to the position, as well as any awards you have received and specific skills you possess.\\n3-4. Develop an online portfolio site to showcase your work.\\nYou will need to pull your best work into a portfolio to apply for an animation job. People will want to see examples of what you have done, not just be told what you have done. A portfolio is not optional. It's expected.\\nInclude a biography section. You need to give employers a sense of you are as a professional.\\nProvide longer samples of your work.\\nMake sure there is a contact section.\\nCreation a section for your demo reel and resume.\\nStudy examples of real portfolio sites by professional animators. You can find many of these online, and they will give you a better understanding of the norms in the field and what the competition is doing.\\nTips\\nPractice makes perfect! Try to practice as much as you can.\\nHaving a drawing tablet can help. If you can't afford one, that's okay, too.\\nBe persistent. Some companies, like Pixar, recommend that rejected applicants continue trying every 6 months for new positions.\\nWarnings\\nTrolls are lurking online. Don't listen to them. You can't please everybody.\\nYour first animation probably won't be your best, so don't get discouraged. Don't create and submit a demo reel until you have a good array of strong work.\\nDon't use music you don't own. You may get in trouble if you do.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're creative, good at using computers, and love animation, being an animator might just be the perfect job for you! Professional animators are in high demand by motion picture studios, advertisers, video game developers, and more. In this article, we'll walk you through everything you need to know about becoming an animator, from acquiring the right skills and credentials to landing your first job. Let's get started!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Proper Skills Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider obtaining formal education.\", \"描述\": \"Although there are always exceptions, it will be easier to find a job as an animator if you obtain a bachelor's or associate's degree from a university or technical college that has a good record in the field.\\nYou want to look for an educational institution that offers courses in 2-D and 3-D animation. Although some students in animation choose to major in art, finding a program with a degree in animation specifically is even better.\\nTo help you select a school, look up listings and reviews of animation schools. For example, the Animation Career Review lists top schools for private game design. It also has listings of the top animation schools by region. \\nYou might be able to choose a two-year or online program instead. The Animation Career Review is one place you can check for animation school programs. The site has a detailed listing of schools that offer animation related degrees. You should look for schools that offer majors in the specific types of animation you are interested in. For example, if you want to be an animator of video games, you should choose a school offering majors in things like \\\"gaming design\\\" and \\\"3D modeling for games.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pinpoint changing trends in the field.\", \"描述\": \"As technology changes, and consumers demand more sophisticated imagery, certain areas of the field offer more job opportunities than others. Study the field, so you understand where its growth areas are and how your skills best fit.\\nReading trade publications that specialize in animation fields is a great way to embrace trends and have a better understanding of the industry.\\nCartoonists (2-D animators) are not as in demand these days as technical animators who use computers to create imagery. Just consider how movie animation has changed from the days of Mickey Mouse to the digital complexity of Toy Story.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider specializing.\", \"描述\": \"You should probably specialize in one aspect of the field that you are best at and love most. Don't try to do everything at once. Find your animation niche, whether it's drawing by hand or using computers to create complex special effects. If you love to draw and are good at it, maybe 2-D is the way to go. If you have a mind for math and love using computers, 3-D is the best bet.\\nUniversities and other training programs offer specialties in areas like game design, computer animation, graphic design, visual art, motion graphics, and entertainment animation.\\nPeople sometimes figure out which specialty fits them best when they are already in school. Don't put too much pressure on yourself to specialize right away. However, by the end of your schooling, it's good to demonstrate a focus.\\nSpecializing will help you pick the right degree program and courses. You will need different courses to be an animator for Hollywood films than you would need to be an animator for gaming. Some universities have degree programs designed along various specialties.\\nMastering the fundamentals should not be forgotten, however. If you can show employers you also have a strong basis of the fundamentals, you will be more marketable.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get computer skills.\", \"描述\": \"This is extremely important. You should demonstrate artistic creativity, however you will be far more marketable as an animator these days if you also learn computer programs commonly used by animators. It's essential.\\nCommon programs used by animators include website design software (like Dreamweaver), software used for graphics and photo imaging (like Creative Suite), 2-D and 3-D animation software (such as Studio Max, Maya, Flash, and After Effects), and video editing software (such as Premiere or Final Cut Pro). \\nThese computer programs can be very expensive. However, many college programs offer discounts for students.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn traditional art.\", \"描述\": \"Animators aren't just technological robots. They need to have an understanding of artistic concepts and be able to draw. This is true for people going into 3-D animation, also.\\nTraditional art training helps an animator create poses and stage shots. \\nGood animators will understand how to draw by hand, how to space the drawings properly to create the motion they want, and how to create motion in their characters. In the field, this is called being a \\\"draftsman.\\\"\\nThere are jobs for animators who draw only by hand, but it's a tougher field these days. Still, taking some courses in art will make most people a better animator. Some animation-oriented companies like Pixar actually say they put as much emphasis on artistic ability as computer skills for all animators.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Obtain well-rounded skills.\", \"描述\": \"There are other courses and experiences you may need to be a good animator that can be found outside the specific degree programs that focus on animation training.\\nSome big studios look for animators with acting experience. They believe it helps them better capture life and movement in their characters. Remember, they want to hire you to create personality and storyline - to recreate life, essentially.\\nCourses in science and, especially geometry, are valued by animators. Animators must be creative and visual, but they also need to have an understanding of geometry.\\nIf taking a formal course or class isn’t available to you, no worries! Learn new skills by scouring YouTube and other creative platforms, and start practicing.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Gain professional experience.\", \"描述\": \"Build your resume with actual work experience. This is true while you are still in college. Start then (or even in high school if you can). Animators need to demonstrate professional experience, not just a college degree, to get their first job.\\nMany animation companies offer apprenticeships and internships for animation students looking to build their resumes to get their first job. Sometimes, these are unpaid.\\nConsider volunteering. This can be a good way to build up your resume. You may have to work for free for a while, but the work will help you get a job. Many non-profit organizations would love to have an animator help them with projects.\\nYou can put volunteer work on your resume and in your portfolio. Companies won't care much that you weren't paid to do it. The critical thing is to show people what you have done and can do in a very concrete way.\\nEntry-level animation jobs usually require one year professional experience at least, and you will probably need about 5 years experience to obtain a more advanced position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learning what Animators Do\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study the job descriptions for animators.\", \"描述\": \"You need to have a clear understanding of the job and its many specialties, so you can make sure you have matching skills. All animators bring characters or images to life on screen by creating a sense of motion, but they work in different fields.\\nSome animators create pictures that are used by motion picture studios and advertising agencies. Others create storyboards that are used by television and movie directors to plan their filming. These storyboards illustrate what will be seen on screen, such as where actors will stand. There are many different roles that people can play in the animation process.\\nAnimators create special effects that appear in movies, television shows, and video games. Animators also work as modelers, in computer animation, as painters, as game designers, and as technical directors.\\nConsider freelancing. Sometimes animators freelance on the side in different areas of the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn the personality traits needed by animators.\", \"描述\": \"Employers look for \\\"hard\\\" skills like the ability to use computer programs. They also consider \\\"soft\\\" skills, which are the personality traits that many animators need to have.\\nIt can take many weeks to create a 10-second animation. If you don't have the patience for such an endeavor, this might not be the best field for you. Don't expect to learn the skills of animation in a couple of weeks, either. The field requires a great deal of technical training.\\nAnimation is fun, and many animators grew up enjoying animated video games or movies. Imagine being asked to create a fight between two Transformers! If you enjoy animation as a consumer of media, this might be a good career field for you.\\nAnimators are perceptive and good observers of life and human nature. This is because they will be asked to recreate facial expressions and the way that people move. They need to have the ability to create story lines, not just characters.\\nAnimators need to work well with other people. It's rare for an animator's role not to involve teamwork. There are many, many steps in the entire animation process.\\nCheck to see if you have some of these skills by talking a Myers Briggs or Clifton Strengths test.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Master the required steps to create animation.\", \"描述\": \"The animation process can be broken down into different sections. It involves a lot more than simply putting a pen to paper (or finger on a computer mouse). By mastering these stages, you can better choose which role you want to play.\\nPre-production. In this stage, the animator conceptualizes the final product. An animator might create a storyboard that includes sketches of each frame and helps develop and visualize the storyline. The drawings in a storyboard often contain text describing the movements of the characters.\\nSometimes animators will shoot reference videos in pre-production. For example, if they are going to create a character throwing a baseball, they might want to shoot and study a video of a person throwing a baseball. \\nModel sheets show characters' facial expressions. These specific drawings allow animators to keep the characters' personalities consistent. Then, the visuals department creates animatics, which are simple mock ups of the visual animation. An animator will also decide on a few key poses, which are the core positions of the character.\\nProduction. Layout artists create 3-D versions of the storyboard drawings. Basically, they bring them to life. Some forms of animation use modelers who shape the drawings into life. Textures provide the tiny details that make animation seem real, such as cracks in sidewalks. Rigging means the characters' bones and motion is further defined on screen. Some forms of animation use motion capture, which means an actor or actress' motion is captured and then matched to the animation drawings.\\nPost-production. There are three basic components of post-production: Compositing brings together all of the previous elements in production into one seamless storyline. Sound editing adds sound effects and lip-syncing to the animated drawings. Video editing is a process to create proper flow and storyline by rearranging images if necessary.\\nResearch the different levels, skills, steps, and styles of animation on YouTube. Then, start practicing yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the differences between animation types.\", \"描述\": \"Most animation is either 2-D or 3-D. To understand the difference, recall that traditional cartoons like Aladdin were 2-D and movies like Toy Story were done in 3-D and show more complex dimensions. \\nTo be a 2-D animator, you would draw everything you see frame-by-frame. You draw key poses. Then you draw every movement in between. Artistic ability by hand is important for all animators, but it's more important with 2-D animation. Animation usually uses about 24 frames a second. Slower movements can use 12 frames a second. In stop animation, where characters are still, you don't use many frames.\\n3-D animators move characters like puppets on the computer. 3-D animators create a model of the character. The animator can grab controls using a computer to create nuanced movement by the character. 3-D animation requires a knowledge of graphs and curves and basic geometry. 3-D animators rarely use stop animation. They have to always keep the character in motion or it will look like a mistake.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Creating a Portfolio\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a demo reel.\", \"描述\": \"It's common in the field for employers to want to see your work on a demo reel. A demo reel is a video in which short examples of different animation scenes you've created plays on the screen. Some companies prefer demo reels that highlight a short segment of your best piece instead of multiple examples of your work.\\nYou might want to alter your demo reel for various positions to highlight the style and training needed for that specific job. Different companies prefer different looks.\\nDemo reels for beginners should be about 2 minutes, but no longer than 4 minutes for animators with more experience. Select your best work for the reel, not every single thing you've done.Start and end with the best work.\\nSome employers want to see a DVD of the demo reel, but others will accept a link to the demo reel on your website. Some companies, like Pixar, tell applicants they will send them information on what they want to see in a portfolio and demo reel when they apply. \\nUse original sound in pieces that have dialogue, but avoid adding distracting music to the reel. You can use music, but just make sure it complements the animation instead of overpowering it. Some employers will turn down the music when watching your animation anyway.\\nNumber each shot. The number will usually appear on the top right of the screen when each new animation segment appears on the demo reel.\\nInclude a title card. This frame should have your name and contact information on it, as well as the job you're applying for. The title card should appear at the beginning and at the end of the demo reel.\\nTop animation companies are looking for creative ideas in a demo reel in addition to technical skills. Don't just do what everyone else is doing. Be willing to take chances. One animator said he wanted to use a diving shot, but instead chose a diving shot in which the character slipped and fell, to differentiate his reel from other reels with diving shots.\\nUpload the reel to You Tube, Vimeo, and your website.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Provide a demo reel breakdown.\", \"描述\": \"Most companies will want a summary of what you did on screen written in text form that they can easily refer to when judging your work.\\nThe numbers on the demo reel should match the numbers on the demo reel breakdown.\\nTell the person watching exactly what you did. For example, if you have a ball on screen, explain whether you shaded the ball.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write a cover letter and resume.\", \"描述\": \"These are two traditional job-seeking documents that many animation companies will want you to submit with your demo reel.\\nThe cover letter should introduce yourself and your demo reel. You want to sell yourself in the cover letter.\\nThe resume should list your education and training and places of employment that are relevant to the position, as well as any awards you have received and specific skills you possess.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop an online portfolio site to showcase your work.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to pull your best work into a portfolio to apply for an animation job. People will want to see examples of what you have done, not just be told what you have done. A portfolio is not optional. It's expected.\\nInclude a biography section. You need to give employers a sense of you are as a professional.\\nProvide longer samples of your work.\\nMake sure there is a contact section.\\nCreation a section for your demo reel and resume.\\nStudy examples of real portfolio sites by professional animators. You can find many of these online, and they will give you a better understanding of the norms in the field and what the competition is doing.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Practice makes perfect! Try to practice as much as you can.\\n\", \"Having a drawing tablet can help. If you can't afford one, that's okay, too.\\n\", \"Be persistent. Some companies, like Pixar, recommend that rejected applicants continue trying every 6 months for new positions.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Trolls are lurking online. Don't listen to them. You can't please everybody.\\n\", \"Your first animation probably won't be your best, so don't get discouraged. Don't create and submit a demo reel until you have a good array of strong work.\\n\", \"Don't use music you don't own. You may get in trouble if you do.\\n\"]}]}}",
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wikihow
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How to Become an Antiques Dealer
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1. Getting Started in Dealing Antiques
1-1. Find your own niche.
If you want to enter into the world of being an antiques dealer, the competition can be thick. You'll want to balance working with antiques that you know will yield profit with antiques you are passionate and knowledgeable about. While many dealers have a wide array of offerings, to be most effective, you'll need to find a niche specialization. The most common, though not exclusive, types of antiques that dealers work with include:
Furniture
Rugs
Sterling Silverware
Pottery
Jewelry
Coins
Toys
Artwork
Glass work
Automobiles
1-2. Take your finances into consideration when finding a niche.
In order to become an antiques dealer, you'll need to build up an inventory. While your interests and expertise should play a big role in how you decide what you want to acquire and sell, your start-up funds will also play a big role. You can take out small business loans to acquire inventory but this is not a sound strategy for antiques. You'll be better off taking your time and using your own money you are able to spare from life expenses.
For example, if you want to sell antique cars, the initial investment will be considerably larger than if you are looking to sell vintage toys or rugs. You can get small-business loans to cover inventory acquisition, but this can be risky because market prices fluctuate so greatly, quickly undercutting your profit margins. Also, many antique dealers gain their inventories over time through smart, economical purchases, so a large start-up capital is not as necessary.
1-3. Gain expertise in the field.
If you want to become an antiques dealer, you're going to need to learn how to recognize good buys and their potential for re-sale. There is no actual license for antique appraising, however, some locations may have certain regulations to familiarize yourself with, such as laws about antiquities or selling antiques made of regulated goods like ivory. Many times the difference between a viable antique dealer and those that fail is their ability to research and find the best deals.
Network. Talk to local antiques dealers, those at conferences and workshops, and even fellow shoppers. This is a great way to get tips of the trade and get real-world education. Most antique dealers are open to sharing their experiences and knowledge.
Buy and read books on antiques. You should use a price book for accurate market prices. However, antique books can help you recognize authentic products from frauds. Find reputable book publishers and producers that have been churning out works on antiques for years.
1-4. Join antiques dealer associations.
This is a great way to stay abreast in the industry, network, and constantly learn. Some major associations include: Antiques Dealers' Association, The National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America, The Antiques & Collectibles National Association. These can offer avenues to build your inventory, second opinions on appraisals, leads on finding certain and coveted items and more. You will likely have to pay membership dues, but the payoffs are well worth it.
There should also be regional and state associations, too. These will not be as large but could offer meetings that are closer to you and help you understand your regional market.
1-5. Undergo formal education and training.
The Appraiser's Association offers a number of programs throughout the country that can serve as education for budding dealers. Some of the most prominent examples include the Comprehensive Appraisal Studies Program (CASP) offers an intensive program every year that meets five days a week. Also, major auction houses like Sotheby's and Christy's offer training ever year.
Connoisseurship Programs are offered yearly throughout the year through the Appraiser's Association and offers lectures and seminars, complete with certificates for completion. This is offered in a circuit each year in various parts of the country.
Recorded programs are used to provide education that is not limited to a certain area or classroom setting. This can provide many of the lecture series available online or through DVD sets.
You can also focus on a college degree that will help you, such as one that specializes in fine arts, art history, or history. A big part of being an antiques dealer is being able to understand the providence of the items you will acquire, their context and craftsmanship. Knowing about history can help have a more discerning eye.
Conferences are a great way to learn and network. The most prominent antique dealer conference is held nationally each year by the Appraiser's Association. Here you can begin to learn what it takes to buy and sell your own antiques by getting the inside track of values and selling trends in the industry. You can also use this as a place to network and gain continuing education.
1-6. Gain hands-on experience through internships and apprenticeships.
These are usually not paid positions, but if there is an antiques shop in your area that has been around and successful for a while, you can approach the person in charge about the opportunity to work under them. This is a great way to see inside the industry without having the same investments and risks.
2. Starting Your Career as an Antiques Dealer
2-1. Find a job in the antiques industry.
When you decide you want to work as an antiques dealer, you'll need to find an entry-level path to get started. You may not be able to have your own business right away, as this takes money and experience, but you can choose jobs that will help set you up for success later down the road.
Get a job in antiques shop as a general worker.
Work at an auction house as a porter, clerk, cataloger, valuer or auctioneer.
2-2. Build your inventory through thrift shopping.
Once you've gained some experience working in antiques and the knowledge you'll need to succeed, you'll need to start building your stock to sell. Knowing where to find antiques and what to look for is an important part of being a successful dealer. Between shopping around, Craigslist browsing, and garage sale hunting, you'll have plenty of opportunities; and always try to be there first.
Look through rummage sales. These can held by churches, individuals looking to get rid of things, or organizations. Looking through these objects can reveal some diamonds in the rough.
Keep an eye out for estate sales. These are estate liquidations held by family members. These are usually ran by estate houses that tend to price the items at market value, or even more expensive, so finding bargains isn't real common. However, sometimes as the sale comes to a close the estate house will look to move the rest of their inventory and slash prices.
2-3. Use markets and shops to build your inventory.
While looking through garage sales and second hand goods can make for a great way to build inventory, looking through the inventories of fellow antique dealers can also yield great finds.
Flea markets. While flea markets used to be more like garage sales, they've become a place to buy new and imported goods. Check online for event calendars, local ads, and other antiques publications to see where flea markets are popping up. You can haggle with vendors usually to try and get the best deal possible.
2-4. Shop antiques shops and shows.
Many people think it is impossible to make a profit buying items that are already listed by other dealers, but you can find great under the radar items sometimes. For example, sometimes a dealer may be selling something outside their area of expertise and they may underprice the item, or lower prices to empty inventory or make a quick sale.
Craigslist and online auction sites like eBay are also fantastic place to find these sales by reputable antique dealers, as well as for sale by owner ads. As with anything in line you'll want to exercise caution that you're getting exactly what you think, and safely.
3. Turning Your Passion Into a Career
3-1. Find a profitable market.
There are so many antiquities considered to be valuable that you should start by finding a few categories that appeal to you, or preferably, antiques which you already have some familiarity with. Gather a thorough understanding of timelines associated with that particular vertical items (i.e. pianos, guitars, coffee tables, china, decanters, matchbox cars, you name it...) and find out which items in that genre are valuable, to whom they are valuable, and why they are valued.
Stay current in what is trendy. Visit online forums, talk to consumers, and pick the brain of successful dealers. This will keep your sales cutting edge.
3-2. Look to turn a profit.
Networking and using the above search methods are all important in locating antiques and trying to turn a profit. All of these routes should lead to cost-effective sales.
Keep in mind standards qualities. Much like diamonds, the subtle variances in condition, wear, and restorations can mean the difference between hundreds, and hundreds of thousands of dollars! The biggest key to success is knowing what you have or what you've found. This will make it so your products are valuable and more likely to yield you a profit.
A good price guide is very important. This will help you know not only what you are buying, but also the fair market price when you go to resell.Some of the most famous are Miller's Antiques and Kovels’ Antiques and Collectibles Price Guide.
You can also use your knowledge and skills in antiques to help make extra money on the side that will, in turn, help you gain funds. Many antique dealers do side work like: restoration, upholstery, insurance services, and estate appraisals. Even if you aren't selling products right away, you can make money by appraising antiques for others with the right knowledge and reputation.
3-3. Decide your method of dealing.
There is no need for a brick and mortar business, unless you have an abundance of wealth, antiques, and a client base. You will need to pay rent, electricity and a number of overheads that will cut into your profit margin. Selling and turning a profit is all about the art of negotiation and knowing your market.
Consignment is also a great way to make a profit and get a solid footing in the antique industry. You will work on behalf of individuals who are attempting to sell items.You will give them part of the profit but will not typically need to come up with up-front capital to acquire this inventory.
3-4. Deal at shows or flea markets.
You can sell your inventory at a more low-cost venue like a flea market or antique show. This will only require you to pay the cost of renting a table. You may have to deal with hagglers, but if you choose a venue with other antique dealers you may find a great clientele base.
Think about selling online. One advantage of selling in modern times is the availability of online markets like E-Bay. List your products online to reach a wider audience. Invest in a good camera so that you can provide high quality, detailed photos of your products.
3-5. Market yourself for success.
Advertising can really help market your products, increase your visibility, and build a successful business. While newspaper and magazine advertising can be useful, this can cost thousands of dollars long-term and they are far from the only way to build up a customer base.
Develop a mailing list. Sometimes antique shops or dealers will have client mailing lists they may be willing to share. If you can get your hands on one of these, you can develop a mailing list of customers to send ads and newsletters.
Create a strong internet presence. You will need a professional looking website, but also ways to direct traffic to it. You may have to hire a SEO (search engine optimization) specialist that will make it so your page isn't buried in Google search results. If you are one of the first sites that come up when antique dealers are searched for in your area, this can be a major boon to business.
3-6. Try to keep a short turnaround for products.
Try to move items between 90-180 days after purchase. If you have merchandise in your stock that is over 180 days old, you should reduce the price to get rid of it before adding to your stock any further. This is a good way to not get bogged down with an overstocked inventory. Each of those items sitting in stock are profit you're not making and an investment sitting stagnant. Keep your inventory fresh and profits moving.
Tips
One man's treasure, is another man's treasure too! Be stringent in negotiating, and get what you deserve on an item.
Take the item / initial antique you've chosen and get information directly from a brick and mortar antiques dealer! People are willing to share information, and will more than likely love to have their ego's stroked as the expert. Keep that in mind.
Be sure to enjoy the antiques you find / sell, and treasure the time you have to admire them. Most things certainly aren't made like they used to be!
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Started in Dealing Antiques\\n1-1. Find your own niche.\\nIf you want to enter into the world of being an antiques dealer, the competition can be thick. You'll want to balance working with antiques that you know will yield profit with antiques you are passionate and knowledgeable about. While many dealers have a wide array of offerings, to be most effective, you'll need to find a niche specialization. The most common, though not exclusive, types of antiques that dealers work with include:\\nFurniture\\nRugs\\nSterling Silverware\\nPottery\\nJewelry\\nCoins\\nToys\\nArtwork\\nGlass work\\nAutomobiles\\n1-2. Take your finances into consideration when finding a niche.\\nIn order to become an antiques dealer, you'll need to build up an inventory. While your interests and expertise should play a big role in how you decide what you want to acquire and sell, your start-up funds will also play a big role. You can take out small business loans to acquire inventory but this is not a sound strategy for antiques. You'll be better off taking your time and using your own money you are able to spare from life expenses.\\nFor example, if you want to sell antique cars, the initial investment will be considerably larger than if you are looking to sell vintage toys or rugs. You can get small-business loans to cover inventory acquisition, but this can be risky because market prices fluctuate so greatly, quickly undercutting your profit margins. Also, many antique dealers gain their inventories over time through smart, economical purchases, so a large start-up capital is not as necessary.\\n1-3. Gain expertise in the field.\\nIf you want to become an antiques dealer, you're going to need to learn how to recognize good buys and their potential for re-sale. There is no actual license for antique appraising, however, some locations may have certain regulations to familiarize yourself with, such as laws about antiquities or selling antiques made of regulated goods like ivory. Many times the difference between a viable antique dealer and those that fail is their ability to research and find the best deals.\\nNetwork. Talk to local antiques dealers, those at conferences and workshops, and even fellow shoppers. This is a great way to get tips of the trade and get real-world education. Most antique dealers are open to sharing their experiences and knowledge.\\nBuy and read books on antiques. You should use a price book for accurate market prices. However, antique books can help you recognize authentic products from frauds. Find reputable book publishers and producers that have been churning out works on antiques for years.\\n1-4. Join antiques dealer associations.\\nThis is a great way to stay abreast in the industry, network, and constantly learn. Some major associations include: Antiques Dealers' Association, The National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America, The Antiques & Collectibles National Association. These can offer avenues to build your inventory, second opinions on appraisals, leads on finding certain and coveted items and more. You will likely have to pay membership dues, but the payoffs are well worth it.\\nThere should also be regional and state associations, too. These will not be as large but could offer meetings that are closer to you and help you understand your regional market.\\n1-5. Undergo formal education and training.\\nThe Appraiser's Association offers a number of programs throughout the country that can serve as education for budding dealers. Some of the most prominent examples include the Comprehensive Appraisal Studies Program (CASP) offers an intensive program every year that meets five days a week. Also, major auction houses like Sotheby's and Christy's offer training ever year.\\nConnoisseurship Programs are offered yearly throughout the year through the Appraiser's Association and offers lectures and seminars, complete with certificates for completion. This is offered in a circuit each year in various parts of the country.\\nRecorded programs are used to provide education that is not limited to a certain area or classroom setting. This can provide many of the lecture series available online or through DVD sets.\\nYou can also focus on a college degree that will help you, such as one that specializes in fine arts, art history, or history. A big part of being an antiques dealer is being able to understand the providence of the items you will acquire, their context and craftsmanship. Knowing about history can help have a more discerning eye.\\nConferences are a great way to learn and network. The most prominent antique dealer conference is held nationally each year by the Appraiser's Association. Here you can begin to learn what it takes to buy and sell your own antiques by getting the inside track of values and selling trends in the industry. You can also use this as a place to network and gain continuing education.\\n1-6. Gain hands-on experience through internships and apprenticeships.\\nThese are usually not paid positions, but if there is an antiques shop in your area that has been around and successful for a while, you can approach the person in charge about the opportunity to work under them. This is a great way to see inside the industry without having the same investments and risks.\\n2. Starting Your Career as an Antiques Dealer\\n2-1. Find a job in the antiques industry.\\nWhen you decide you want to work as an antiques dealer, you'll need to find an entry-level path to get started. You may not be able to have your own business right away, as this takes money and experience, but you can choose jobs that will help set you up for success later down the road.\\nGet a job in antiques shop as a general worker.\\nWork at an auction house as a porter, clerk, cataloger, valuer or auctioneer.\\n2-2. Build your inventory through thrift shopping.\\nOnce you've gained some experience working in antiques and the knowledge you'll need to succeed, you'll need to start building your stock to sell. Knowing where to find antiques and what to look for is an important part of being a successful dealer. Between shopping around, Craigslist browsing, and garage sale hunting, you'll have plenty of opportunities; and always try to be there first.\\nLook through rummage sales. These can held by churches, individuals looking to get rid of things, or organizations. Looking through these objects can reveal some diamonds in the rough.\\nKeep an eye out for estate sales. These are estate liquidations held by family members. These are usually ran by estate houses that tend to price the items at market value, or even more expensive, so finding bargains isn't real common. However, sometimes as the sale comes to a close the estate house will look to move the rest of their inventory and slash prices.\\n2-3. Use markets and shops to build your inventory.\\nWhile looking through garage sales and second hand goods can make for a great way to build inventory, looking through the inventories of fellow antique dealers can also yield great finds.\\nFlea markets. While flea markets used to be more like garage sales, they've become a place to buy new and imported goods. Check online for event calendars, local ads, and other antiques publications to see where flea markets are popping up. You can haggle with vendors usually to try and get the best deal possible.\\n2-4. Shop antiques shops and shows.\\nMany people think it is impossible to make a profit buying items that are already listed by other dealers, but you can find great under the radar items sometimes. For example, sometimes a dealer may be selling something outside their area of expertise and they may underprice the item, or lower prices to empty inventory or make a quick sale.\\nCraigslist and online auction sites like eBay are also fantastic place to find these sales by reputable antique dealers, as well as for sale by owner ads. As with anything in line you'll want to exercise caution that you're getting exactly what you think, and safely.\\n3. Turning Your Passion Into a Career\\n3-1. Find a profitable market.\\nThere are so many antiquities considered to be valuable that you should start by finding a few categories that appeal to you, or preferably, antiques which you already have some familiarity with. Gather a thorough understanding of timelines associated with that particular vertical items (i.e. pianos, guitars, coffee tables, china, decanters, matchbox cars, you name it...) and find out which items in that genre are valuable, to whom they are valuable, and why they are valued.\\nStay current in what is trendy. Visit online forums, talk to consumers, and pick the brain of successful dealers. This will keep your sales cutting edge.\\n3-2. Look to turn a profit.\\nNetworking and using the above search methods are all important in locating antiques and trying to turn a profit. All of these routes should lead to cost-effective sales.\\nKeep in mind standards qualities. Much like diamonds, the subtle variances in condition, wear, and restorations can mean the difference between hundreds, and hundreds of thousands of dollars! The biggest key to success is knowing what you have or what you've found. This will make it so your products are valuable and more likely to yield you a profit.\\nA good price guide is very important. This will help you know not only what you are buying, but also the fair market price when you go to resell.Some of the most famous are Miller's Antiques and Kovels’ Antiques and Collectibles Price Guide.\\nYou can also use your knowledge and skills in antiques to help make extra money on the side that will, in turn, help you gain funds. Many antique dealers do side work like: restoration, upholstery, insurance services, and estate appraisals. Even if you aren't selling products right away, you can make money by appraising antiques for others with the right knowledge and reputation.\\n3-3. Decide your method of dealing.\\nThere is no need for a brick and mortar business, unless you have an abundance of wealth, antiques, and a client base. You will need to pay rent, electricity and a number of overheads that will cut into your profit margin. Selling and turning a profit is all about the art of negotiation and knowing your market.\\nConsignment is also a great way to make a profit and get a solid footing in the antique industry. You will work on behalf of individuals who are attempting to sell items.You will give them part of the profit but will not typically need to come up with up-front capital to acquire this inventory.\\n3-4. Deal at shows or flea markets.\\nYou can sell your inventory at a more low-cost venue like a flea market or antique show. This will only require you to pay the cost of renting a table. You may have to deal with hagglers, but if you choose a venue with other antique dealers you may find a great clientele base.\\nThink about selling online. One advantage of selling in modern times is the availability of online markets like E-Bay. List your products online to reach a wider audience. Invest in a good camera so that you can provide high quality, detailed photos of your products.\\n3-5. Market yourself for success.\\nAdvertising can really help market your products, increase your visibility, and build a successful business. While newspaper and magazine advertising can be useful, this can cost thousands of dollars long-term and they are far from the only way to build up a customer base.\\nDevelop a mailing list. Sometimes antique shops or dealers will have client mailing lists they may be willing to share. If you can get your hands on one of these, you can develop a mailing list of customers to send ads and newsletters.\\nCreate a strong internet presence. You will need a professional looking website, but also ways to direct traffic to it. You may have to hire a SEO (search engine optimization) specialist that will make it so your page isn't buried in Google search results. If you are one of the first sites that come up when antique dealers are searched for in your area, this can be a major boon to business.\\n3-6. Try to keep a short turnaround for products.\\nTry to move items between 90-180 days after purchase. If you have merchandise in your stock that is over 180 days old, you should reduce the price to get rid of it before adding to your stock any further. This is a good way to not get bogged down with an overstocked inventory. Each of those items sitting in stock are profit you're not making and an investment sitting stagnant. Keep your inventory fresh and profits moving.\\nTips\\nOne man's treasure, is another man's treasure too! Be stringent in negotiating, and get what you deserve on an item.\\nTake the item / initial antique you've chosen and get information directly from a brick and mortar antiques dealer! People are willing to share information, and will more than likely love to have their ego's stroked as the expert. Keep that in mind.\\nBe sure to enjoy the antiques you find / sell, and treasure the time you have to admire them. Most things certainly aren't made like they used to be!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming an antiques dealer can be a rewarding and even profitable career. It's great for history lovers, those who enjoy rummaging for bargains, and those with a keen eye for details. Whether you want to sell them on the side, or make it your career, dealing in antiques can be a great rewarding past-time.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Started in Dealing Antiques\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find your own niche.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to enter into the world of being an antiques dealer, the competition can be thick. You'll want to balance working with antiques that you know will yield profit with antiques you are passionate and knowledgeable about. While many dealers have a wide array of offerings, to be most effective, you'll need to find a niche specialization. The most common, though not exclusive, types of antiques that dealers work with include:\\nFurniture\\nRugs\\nSterling Silverware\\nPottery\\nJewelry\\nCoins\\nToys\\nArtwork\\nGlass work\\nAutomobiles\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take your finances into consideration when finding a niche.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become an antiques dealer, you'll need to build up an inventory. While your interests and expertise should play a big role in how you decide what you want to acquire and sell, your start-up funds will also play a big role. You can take out small business loans to acquire inventory but this is not a sound strategy for antiques. You'll be better off taking your time and using your own money you are able to spare from life expenses.\\nFor example, if you want to sell antique cars, the initial investment will be considerably larger than if you are looking to sell vintage toys or rugs. You can get small-business loans to cover inventory acquisition, but this can be risky because market prices fluctuate so greatly, quickly undercutting your profit margins. Also, many antique dealers gain their inventories over time through smart, economical purchases, so a large start-up capital is not as necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain expertise in the field.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to become an antiques dealer, you're going to need to learn how to recognize good buys and their potential for re-sale. There is no actual license for antique appraising, however, some locations may have certain regulations to familiarize yourself with, such as laws about antiquities or selling antiques made of regulated goods like ivory. Many times the difference between a viable antique dealer and those that fail is their ability to research and find the best deals.\\nNetwork. Talk to local antiques dealers, those at conferences and workshops, and even fellow shoppers. This is a great way to get tips of the trade and get real-world education. Most antique dealers are open to sharing their experiences and knowledge.\\nBuy and read books on antiques. You should use a price book for accurate market prices. However, antique books can help you recognize authentic products from frauds. Find reputable book publishers and producers that have been churning out works on antiques for years.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join antiques dealer associations.\", \"描述\": \"This is a great way to stay abreast in the industry, network, and constantly learn. Some major associations include: Antiques Dealers' Association, The National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America, The Antiques & Collectibles National Association. These can offer avenues to build your inventory, second opinions on appraisals, leads on finding certain and coveted items and more. You will likely have to pay membership dues, but the payoffs are well worth it.\\nThere should also be regional and state associations, too. These will not be as large but could offer meetings that are closer to you and help you understand your regional market.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Undergo formal education and training.\", \"描述\": \"The Appraiser's Association offers a number of programs throughout the country that can serve as education for budding dealers. Some of the most prominent examples include the Comprehensive Appraisal Studies Program (CASP) offers an intensive program every year that meets five days a week. Also, major auction houses like Sotheby's and Christy's offer training ever year.\\nConnoisseurship Programs are offered yearly throughout the year through the Appraiser's Association and offers lectures and seminars, complete with certificates for completion. This is offered in a circuit each year in various parts of the country.\\nRecorded programs are used to provide education that is not limited to a certain area or classroom setting. This can provide many of the lecture series available online or through DVD sets.\\nYou can also focus on a college degree that will help you, such as one that specializes in fine arts, art history, or history. A big part of being an antiques dealer is being able to understand the providence of the items you will acquire, their context and craftsmanship. Knowing about history can help have a more discerning eye.\\nConferences are a great way to learn and network. The most prominent antique dealer conference is held nationally each year by the Appraiser's Association. Here you can begin to learn what it takes to buy and sell your own antiques by getting the inside track of values and selling trends in the industry. You can also use this as a place to network and gain continuing education.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Gain hands-on experience through internships and apprenticeships.\", \"描述\": \"These are usually not paid positions, but if there is an antiques shop in your area that has been around and successful for a while, you can approach the person in charge about the opportunity to work under them. This is a great way to see inside the industry without having the same investments and risks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Career as an Antiques Dealer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job in the antiques industry.\", \"描述\": \"When you decide you want to work as an antiques dealer, you'll need to find an entry-level path to get started. You may not be able to have your own business right away, as this takes money and experience, but you can choose jobs that will help set you up for success later down the road.\\nGet a job in antiques shop as a general worker.\\nWork at an auction house as a porter, clerk, cataloger, valuer or auctioneer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build your inventory through thrift shopping.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've gained some experience working in antiques and the knowledge you'll need to succeed, you'll need to start building your stock to sell. Knowing where to find antiques and what to look for is an important part of being a successful dealer. Between shopping around, Craigslist browsing, and garage sale hunting, you'll have plenty of opportunities; and always try to be there first.\\nLook through rummage sales. These can held by churches, individuals looking to get rid of things, or organizations. Looking through these objects can reveal some diamonds in the rough.\\nKeep an eye out for estate sales. These are estate liquidations held by family members. These are usually ran by estate houses that tend to price the items at market value, or even more expensive, so finding bargains isn't real common. However, sometimes as the sale comes to a close the estate house will look to move the rest of their inventory and slash prices.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use markets and shops to build your inventory.\", \"描述\": \"While looking through garage sales and second hand goods can make for a great way to build inventory, looking through the inventories of fellow antique dealers can also yield great finds.\\nFlea markets. While flea markets used to be more like garage sales, they've become a place to buy new and imported goods. Check online for event calendars, local ads, and other antiques publications to see where flea markets are popping up. You can haggle with vendors usually to try and get the best deal possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Shop antiques shops and shows.\", \"描述\": \"Many people think it is impossible to make a profit buying items that are already listed by other dealers, but you can find great under the radar items sometimes. For example, sometimes a dealer may be selling something outside their area of expertise and they may underprice the item, or lower prices to empty inventory or make a quick sale.\\nCraigslist and online auction sites like eBay are also fantastic place to find these sales by reputable antique dealers, as well as for sale by owner ads. As with anything in line you'll want to exercise caution that you're getting exactly what you think, and safely.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Turning Your Passion Into a Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a profitable market.\", \"描述\": \"There are so many antiquities considered to be valuable that you should start by finding a few categories that appeal to you, or preferably, antiques which you already have some familiarity with. Gather a thorough understanding of timelines associated with that particular vertical items (i.e. pianos, guitars, coffee tables, china, decanters, matchbox cars, you name it...) and find out which items in that genre are valuable, to whom they are valuable, and why they are valued.\\nStay current in what is trendy. Visit online forums, talk to consumers, and pick the brain of successful dealers. This will keep your sales cutting edge.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look to turn a profit.\", \"描述\": \"Networking and using the above search methods are all important in locating antiques and trying to turn a profit. All of these routes should lead to cost-effective sales.\\nKeep in mind standards qualities. Much like diamonds, the subtle variances in condition, wear, and restorations can mean the difference between hundreds, and hundreds of thousands of dollars! The biggest key to success is knowing what you have or what you've found. This will make it so your products are valuable and more likely to yield you a profit.\\nA good price guide is very important. This will help you know not only what you are buying, but also the fair market price when you go to resell.Some of the most famous are Miller's Antiques and Kovels’ Antiques and Collectibles Price Guide.\\nYou can also use your knowledge and skills in antiques to help make extra money on the side that will, in turn, help you gain funds. Many antique dealers do side work like: restoration, upholstery, insurance services, and estate appraisals. Even if you aren't selling products right away, you can make money by appraising antiques for others with the right knowledge and reputation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide your method of dealing.\", \"描述\": \"There is no need for a brick and mortar business, unless you have an abundance of wealth, antiques, and a client base. You will need to pay rent, electricity and a number of overheads that will cut into your profit margin. Selling and turning a profit is all about the art of negotiation and knowing your market.\\nConsignment is also a great way to make a profit and get a solid footing in the antique industry. You will work on behalf of individuals who are attempting to sell items.You will give them part of the profit but will not typically need to come up with up-front capital to acquire this inventory.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Deal at shows or flea markets.\", \"描述\": \"You can sell your inventory at a more low-cost venue like a flea market or antique show. This will only require you to pay the cost of renting a table. You may have to deal with hagglers, but if you choose a venue with other antique dealers you may find a great clientele base.\\nThink about selling online. One advantage of selling in modern times is the availability of online markets like E-Bay. List your products online to reach a wider audience. Invest in a good camera so that you can provide high quality, detailed photos of your products.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Market yourself for success.\", \"描述\": \"Advertising can really help market your products, increase your visibility, and build a successful business. While newspaper and magazine advertising can be useful, this can cost thousands of dollars long-term and they are far from the only way to build up a customer base.\\nDevelop a mailing list. Sometimes antique shops or dealers will have client mailing lists they may be willing to share. If you can get your hands on one of these, you can develop a mailing list of customers to send ads and newsletters.\\nCreate a strong internet presence. You will need a professional looking website, but also ways to direct traffic to it. You may have to hire a SEO (search engine optimization) specialist that will make it so your page isn't buried in Google search results. If you are one of the first sites that come up when antique dealers are searched for in your area, this can be a major boon to business.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try to keep a short turnaround for products.\", \"描述\": \"Try to move items between 90-180 days after purchase. If you have merchandise in your stock that is over 180 days old, you should reduce the price to get rid of it before adding to your stock any further. This is a good way to not get bogged down with an overstocked inventory. Each of those items sitting in stock are profit you're not making and an investment sitting stagnant. Keep your inventory fresh and profits moving.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"One man's treasure, is another man's treasure too! Be stringent in negotiating, and get what you deserve on an item.\\n\", \"Take the item / initial antique you've chosen and get information directly from a brick and mortar antiques dealer! People are willing to share information, and will more than likely love to have their ego's stroked as the expert. Keep that in mind.\\n\", \"Be sure to enjoy the antiques you find / sell, and treasure the time you have to admire them. Most things certainly aren't made like they used to be!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,935 |
How to Become an Apartment Building Superintendent
|
1. Steps
1-1. Educate yourself.
You need a minimum of a high school diploma as well as a working knowledge of mechanical and electrical maintenance. This training is often offered at vocational training schools or through community colleges. Some colleges offer degrees in property management, and building owners will often choose the college graduate over others with less formal training.
1-2. Learn handyman skills.
Apartment building managers are normally expected to make small repairs such as replacing broken tiles, patching small holes in a wall, replacing broken windows and painting. Other jobs could be unclogging pipes, replacing plugs on electrical appliances, routine maintenance on heating and air conditioning units like changing filters and cleaning. If the building has a laundry room, washer and dryer repair skills would also be needed.
1-3. Hone your people skills.
An apartment superintendent needs to work with many people from all walks of life. The superintendent must be diplomatic, but able to settle disputes between tenants so both parties are satisfied and coordinate repair work schedules to the best advantage of the tenants while still providing the contractor with adequate access to the job site.
1-4. Learn organizational skills.
An apartment superintendent must be organized. Routine maintenance tasks must be performed on schedule, but the schedule must be flexible enough to allow for emergencies. Some routine chores you will encounter are listed here.
Perform various cleaning tasks in public areas. This includes vacuuming and/or scrubbing lobbies, stairs, elevators and hallways.
Outside maintenance such as grass cutting, weeding, tree trimming, window washing and leaf collecting are all tasks that the apartment building supervisor would be expected to handle. The building owner will expect all of these chores and more to be handled on a regular basis and to receive scheduled reports from the superintendent.
Tips
Serving an apprenticeship with a professional janitorial service company can be invaluable experience, especially when working in a very large apartment building. The professionals have worked for years in time-management research to allow them to complete the largest amount of work in the shortest amount of time.
When making your resume, try to get personal references that emphasize your honesty and dependability. These could come from your former employer or perhaps the leader of your church. Building owners often give their apartment superintendents access to bank accounts with huge sums of money going through them in the form of rents and payouts to outside contractors.
Warnings
Keep receipts and other paperwork regarding free or discounted rent and utilities to report at tax time. It is usually considered as part of your earnings.
An apartment building superintendent is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with little time off.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Educate yourself.\\nYou need a minimum of a high school diploma as well as a working knowledge of mechanical and electrical maintenance. This training is often offered at vocational training schools or through community colleges. Some colleges offer degrees in property management, and building owners will often choose the college graduate over others with less formal training.\\n1-2. Learn handyman skills.\\nApartment building managers are normally expected to make small repairs such as replacing broken tiles, patching small holes in a wall, replacing broken windows and painting. Other jobs could be unclogging pipes, replacing plugs on electrical appliances, routine maintenance on heating and air conditioning units like changing filters and cleaning. If the building has a laundry room, washer and dryer repair skills would also be needed.\\n1-3. Hone your people skills.\\nAn apartment superintendent needs to work with many people from all walks of life. The superintendent must be diplomatic, but able to settle disputes between tenants so both parties are satisfied and coordinate repair work schedules to the best advantage of the tenants while still providing the contractor with adequate access to the job site.\\n1-4. Learn organizational skills.\\nAn apartment superintendent must be organized. Routine maintenance tasks must be performed on schedule, but the schedule must be flexible enough to allow for emergencies. Some routine chores you will encounter are listed here.\\nPerform various cleaning tasks in public areas. This includes vacuuming and/or scrubbing lobbies, stairs, elevators and hallways.\\nOutside maintenance such as grass cutting, weeding, tree trimming, window washing and leaf collecting are all tasks that the apartment building supervisor would be expected to handle. The building owner will expect all of these chores and more to be handled on a regular basis and to receive scheduled reports from the superintendent.\\nTips\\nServing an apprenticeship with a professional janitorial service company can be invaluable experience, especially when working in a very large apartment building. The professionals have worked for years in time-management research to allow them to complete the largest amount of work in the shortest amount of time.\\nWhen making your resume, try to get personal references that emphasize your honesty and dependability. These could come from your former employer or perhaps the leader of your church. Building owners often give their apartment superintendents access to bank accounts with huge sums of money going through them in the form of rents and payouts to outside contractors.\\nWarnings\\nKeep receipts and other paperwork regarding free or discounted rent and utilities to report at tax time. It is usually considered as part of your earnings.\\nAn apartment building superintendent is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with little time off.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An apartment building superintendent is in charge of the overall maintenance of the building. The superintendent takes care of routine maintenance, keeps the public areas clean, handles minor repairs and is in charge of hiring and supervising outside contractors brought in for bigger jobs he can't handle. The superintendent often gets the free use of an apartment complete with utilities. Many often get a salary on top of this although typically it is not a large sum. Many apartment building owners prefer to hire couples as their apartment managers, especially for larger buildings, but there is no reason a single person would not be hired as long as this person has the proper training and background.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Educate yourself.\", \"描述\": \"You need a minimum of a high school diploma as well as a working knowledge of mechanical and electrical maintenance. This training is often offered at vocational training schools or through community colleges. Some colleges offer degrees in property management, and building owners will often choose the college graduate over others with less formal training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn handyman skills.\", \"描述\": \"Apartment building managers are normally expected to make small repairs such as replacing broken tiles, patching small holes in a wall, replacing broken windows and painting. Other jobs could be unclogging pipes, replacing plugs on electrical appliances, routine maintenance on heating and air conditioning units like changing filters and cleaning. If the building has a laundry room, washer and dryer repair skills would also be needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hone your people skills.\", \"描述\": \"An apartment superintendent needs to work with many people from all walks of life. The superintendent must be diplomatic, but able to settle disputes between tenants so both parties are satisfied and coordinate repair work schedules to the best advantage of the tenants while still providing the contractor with adequate access to the job site.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn organizational skills.\", \"描述\": \"An apartment superintendent must be organized. Routine maintenance tasks must be performed on schedule, but the schedule must be flexible enough to allow for emergencies. Some routine chores you will encounter are listed here.\\nPerform various cleaning tasks in public areas. This includes vacuuming and/or scrubbing lobbies, stairs, elevators and hallways.\\nOutside maintenance such as grass cutting, weeding, tree trimming, window washing and leaf collecting are all tasks that the apartment building supervisor would be expected to handle. The building owner will expect all of these chores and more to be handled on a regular basis and to receive scheduled reports from the superintendent.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Serving an apprenticeship with a professional janitorial service company can be invaluable experience, especially when working in a very large apartment building. The professionals have worked for years in time-management research to allow them to complete the largest amount of work in the shortest amount of time.\\n\", \"When making your resume, try to get personal references that emphasize your honesty and dependability. These could come from your former employer or perhaps the leader of your church. Building owners often give their apartment superintendents access to bank accounts with huge sums of money going through them in the form of rents and payouts to outside contractors.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Keep receipts and other paperwork regarding free or discounted rent and utilities to report at tax time. It is usually considered as part of your earnings.\\n\", \"An apartment building superintendent is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with little time off.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,936 |
How to Become an Apple Product Tester
|
1. Participating in the Beta Software Program
1-1. Visit the Beta Software program page online.
You will need a web browser to access the registration page. The Beta Software program is open to Mac, iPhone, and Apple TV owners. Visit the registration page at https://beta.apple.com/sp/betaprogram/.
The program allows you to test updates to Apple’s operating system (iOS) before it is released to the public.
This program is open to anyone with an Apple device and ID.
1-2. Log into the program page with your Apple account.
If you own an Apple device, you most likely have an account already. Click the “Sign up” button on the page, then type in your Apple ID and password.
If you don’t have an account, click “create one now” on the login page or go to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.
1-3. Enroll your device in the program.
After you log in, Apple’s website will ask you for information on Apple devices you own. Apple needs to know some basic information, such as your device’s model number. You only have to tell them about any devices you plan on using for testing.
1-4. Back your device up before downloading new software.
Beta software is unstable, and sometimes this can lead to some big headaches on your end. You have a few ways of storing your device’s contents in case something goes wrong. The easiest way is to upload your data to iCloud through your device’s settings menu.
On a Mac, use the preinstalled Time Machine program to back up your data.
You can also use iTunes to back up most iOS devices.
If you do not back up your device, you may end up losing important data, such as pictures and phone numbers stored on your device.
1-5. Install software updates on your registered device.
Check the Beta Software page from time to time for updates. Make sure you are logged into the Apple account you signed up with earlier. Set up any software updates on your device, since these updates are what you will be testing for Apple.
All you will have to do is click on the download option. Click on any icon that appears after the update finishes downloading.
1-6. Send feedback through the Feedback Assistant as you use your device.
Once the software update installs, not much will change on your device. You may find some new features to play around with, but mostly you use your device as you normally would. When you find bugs or broken features, use the Feedback Assistant app to send a message to Apple.
The app is included with any software updates you receive from Apple.
You can access the Feedback Assistant through other apps. Simply open the app’s help menu and press “Send Feedback.”
2. Testing Software through Apple Seed
2-1. Visit the Apple Seed page online.
Visit the Apple Seed page through a web browser to read about the program and sign up for it. This program is different from the Beta Software program because you get exclusive access to new, unreleased software programs and features. Access the program here at https://appleseed.apple.com/sp/welcome.
For example, if Apple wanted to release a new messenger application, you might test it through this program.
2-2. Sign in with your Apple account.
Click the blue “Sign In” button to begin applying for the program. On the next page, type in your Apple ID along with your password. If you don’t have an ID yet, you will need to create 1 now.
Create an ID by going to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.
2-3. Complete your user profile on the program website.
After you log in with your account, you will need to provide some personal information. Apple will request information such as your age, your interests, and a description of the room you work in.
Apple uses this information to select the applicants most suited to the program they want to test.
2-4. Read and sign the confidentiality agreement.
All programs tested in the program are meant to be kept secret. To enforce this, Apple makes you sign a confidentiality agreement, which you will see after you finish your profile. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click the acknowledge button to finish this part.
You are not allowed to tell anyone about the programs you test.
2-5. Wait for an invitation to test a product.
The waiting game begins after you finish your application. Getting an invitation depends on what products Apple has available and how suited you are to testing them. This isn’t guaranteed, so you may need to wait an indefinite amount of time.
While you wait, you can learn more about testing. The more you know about operating digital devices, the likelier you are to be chosen as a tester.
Remember to update your Apple Seed profile to keep it current.
2-6. Test programs and submit feedback to Apple.
Keep your eyes peeled for an email from Apple. This will be your invitation, and it will tell you what you need to do next. Download the program they give you, use it often, and then report back to Apple. They will take your feedback into account as they prepare the software for general release.
Apple will give you questionnaires and bug reports to complete. They also give you access to a discussion forum online.
If you want to be chosen for future testing, make sure you give all the feedback Apple wants.
Tips
Hardware testing isn’t available to the public. If you want to test iPhones, for example, you will need to work for Apple in Cupertino, California.
All product testing is voluntary. Signing up is free, but you also don’t get paid for it.
Always back up your information before downloading new software. Software in beta testing is unstable and can affect your device.
Warnings
All product testing is confidential. If you leak information, you may get in legal trouble with Apple. Also, expect to be removed from the testing program permanently.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Participating in the Beta Software Program\\n1-1. Visit the Beta Software program page online.\\nYou will need a web browser to access the registration page. The Beta Software program is open to Mac, iPhone, and Apple TV owners. Visit the registration page at https://beta.apple.com/sp/betaprogram/.\\nThe program allows you to test updates to Apple’s operating system (iOS) before it is released to the public.\\nThis program is open to anyone with an Apple device and ID.\\n1-2. Log into the program page with your Apple account.\\nIf you own an Apple device, you most likely have an account already. Click the “Sign up” button on the page, then type in your Apple ID and password.\\nIf you don’t have an account, click “create one now” on the login page or go to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.\\n1-3. Enroll your device in the program.\\nAfter you log in, Apple’s website will ask you for information on Apple devices you own. Apple needs to know some basic information, such as your device’s model number. You only have to tell them about any devices you plan on using for testing.\\n1-4. Back your device up before downloading new software.\\nBeta software is unstable, and sometimes this can lead to some big headaches on your end. You have a few ways of storing your device’s contents in case something goes wrong. The easiest way is to upload your data to iCloud through your device’s settings menu.\\nOn a Mac, use the preinstalled Time Machine program to back up your data.\\nYou can also use iTunes to back up most iOS devices.\\nIf you do not back up your device, you may end up losing important data, such as pictures and phone numbers stored on your device.\\n1-5. Install software updates on your registered device.\\nCheck the Beta Software page from time to time for updates. Make sure you are logged into the Apple account you signed up with earlier. Set up any software updates on your device, since these updates are what you will be testing for Apple.\\nAll you will have to do is click on the download option. Click on any icon that appears after the update finishes downloading.\\n1-6. Send feedback through the Feedback Assistant as you use your device.\\nOnce the software update installs, not much will change on your device. You may find some new features to play around with, but mostly you use your device as you normally would. When you find bugs or broken features, use the Feedback Assistant app to send a message to Apple.\\nThe app is included with any software updates you receive from Apple.\\nYou can access the Feedback Assistant through other apps. Simply open the app’s help menu and press “Send Feedback.”\\n2. Testing Software through Apple Seed\\n2-1. Visit the Apple Seed page online.\\nVisit the Apple Seed page through a web browser to read about the program and sign up for it. This program is different from the Beta Software program because you get exclusive access to new, unreleased software programs and features. Access the program here at https://appleseed.apple.com/sp/welcome.\\nFor example, if Apple wanted to release a new messenger application, you might test it through this program.\\n2-2. Sign in with your Apple account.\\nClick the blue “Sign In” button to begin applying for the program. On the next page, type in your Apple ID along with your password. If you don’t have an ID yet, you will need to create 1 now.\\nCreate an ID by going to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.\\n2-3. Complete your user profile on the program website.\\nAfter you log in with your account, you will need to provide some personal information. Apple will request information such as your age, your interests, and a description of the room you work in.\\nApple uses this information to select the applicants most suited to the program they want to test.\\n2-4. Read and sign the confidentiality agreement.\\nAll programs tested in the program are meant to be kept secret. To enforce this, Apple makes you sign a confidentiality agreement, which you will see after you finish your profile. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click the acknowledge button to finish this part.\\nYou are not allowed to tell anyone about the programs you test.\\n2-5. Wait for an invitation to test a product.\\nThe waiting game begins after you finish your application. Getting an invitation depends on what products Apple has available and how suited you are to testing them. This isn’t guaranteed, so you may need to wait an indefinite amount of time.\\nWhile you wait, you can learn more about testing. The more you know about operating digital devices, the likelier you are to be chosen as a tester.\\nRemember to update your Apple Seed profile to keep it current.\\n2-6. Test programs and submit feedback to Apple.\\nKeep your eyes peeled for an email from Apple. This will be your invitation, and it will tell you what you need to do next. Download the program they give you, use it often, and then report back to Apple. They will take your feedback into account as they prepare the software for general release.\\nApple will give you questionnaires and bug reports to complete. They also give you access to a discussion forum online.\\nIf you want to be chosen for future testing, make sure you give all the feedback Apple wants.\\nTips\\nHardware testing isn’t available to the public. If you want to test iPhones, for example, you will need to work for Apple in Cupertino, California.\\nAll product testing is voluntary. Signing up is free, but you also don’t get paid for it.\\nAlways back up your information before downloading new software. Software in beta testing is unstable and can affect your device.\\nWarnings\\nAll product testing is confidential. If you leak information, you may get in legal trouble with Apple. Also, expect to be removed from the testing program permanently.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re a fan of Apple, there is no better way to get involved than to always test new Apple products before they are released to the general public. ALWAYS. Unfortunately, hardware testing, like for iPhones and iPads, is restricted to employees at Apple headquarters, but software testing is open to the general public. You can sign up for Apple’s Beta Software program or Apple Seed project online. Once you get accepted as a product tester, you get to try new programs and features in exchange for valuable feedback.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Participating in the Beta Software Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit the Beta Software program page online.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a web browser to access the registration page. The Beta Software program is open to Mac, iPhone, and Apple TV owners. Visit the registration page at https://beta.apple.com/sp/betaprogram/.\\nThe program allows you to test updates to Apple’s operating system (iOS) before it is released to the public.\\nThis program is open to anyone with an Apple device and ID.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Log into the program page with your Apple account.\", \"描述\": \"If you own an Apple device, you most likely have an account already. Click the “Sign up” button on the page, then type in your Apple ID and password.\\nIf you don’t have an account, click “create one now” on the login page or go to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll your device in the program.\", \"描述\": \"After you log in, Apple’s website will ask you for information on Apple devices you own. Apple needs to know some basic information, such as your device’s model number. You only have to tell them about any devices you plan on using for testing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Back your device up before downloading new software.\", \"描述\": \"Beta software is unstable, and sometimes this can lead to some big headaches on your end. You have a few ways of storing your device’s contents in case something goes wrong. The easiest way is to upload your data to iCloud through your device’s settings menu.\\nOn a Mac, use the preinstalled Time Machine program to back up your data.\\nYou can also use iTunes to back up most iOS devices.\\nIf you do not back up your device, you may end up losing important data, such as pictures and phone numbers stored on your device.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Install software updates on your registered device.\", \"描述\": \"Check the Beta Software page from time to time for updates. Make sure you are logged into the Apple account you signed up with earlier. Set up any software updates on your device, since these updates are what you will be testing for Apple.\\nAll you will have to do is click on the download option. Click on any icon that appears after the update finishes downloading.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Send feedback through the Feedback Assistant as you use your device.\", \"描述\": \"Once the software update installs, not much will change on your device. You may find some new features to play around with, but mostly you use your device as you normally would. When you find bugs or broken features, use the Feedback Assistant app to send a message to Apple.\\nThe app is included with any software updates you receive from Apple.\\nYou can access the Feedback Assistant through other apps. Simply open the app’s help menu and press “Send Feedback.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Testing Software through Apple Seed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit the Apple Seed page online.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the Apple Seed page through a web browser to read about the program and sign up for it. This program is different from the Beta Software program because you get exclusive access to new, unreleased software programs and features. Access the program here at https://appleseed.apple.com/sp/welcome.\\nFor example, if Apple wanted to release a new messenger application, you might test it through this program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign in with your Apple account.\", \"描述\": \"Click the blue “Sign In” button to begin applying for the program. On the next page, type in your Apple ID along with your password. If you don’t have an ID yet, you will need to create 1 now.\\nCreate an ID by going to https://appleid.apple.com/#!&page=signin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your user profile on the program website.\", \"描述\": \"After you log in with your account, you will need to provide some personal information. Apple will request information such as your age, your interests, and a description of the room you work in.\\nApple uses this information to select the applicants most suited to the program they want to test.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Read and sign the confidentiality agreement.\", \"描述\": \"All programs tested in the program are meant to be kept secret. To enforce this, Apple makes you sign a confidentiality agreement, which you will see after you finish your profile. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click the acknowledge button to finish this part.\\nYou are not allowed to tell anyone about the programs you test.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait for an invitation to test a product.\", \"描述\": \"The waiting game begins after you finish your application. Getting an invitation depends on what products Apple has available and how suited you are to testing them. This isn’t guaranteed, so you may need to wait an indefinite amount of time.\\nWhile you wait, you can learn more about testing. The more you know about operating digital devices, the likelier you are to be chosen as a tester.\\nRemember to update your Apple Seed profile to keep it current.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Test programs and submit feedback to Apple.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your eyes peeled for an email from Apple. This will be your invitation, and it will tell you what you need to do next. Download the program they give you, use it often, and then report back to Apple. They will take your feedback into account as they prepare the software for general release.\\nApple will give you questionnaires and bug reports to complete. They also give you access to a discussion forum online.\\nIf you want to be chosen for future testing, make sure you give all the feedback Apple wants.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Hardware testing isn’t available to the public. If you want to test iPhones, for example, you will need to work for Apple in Cupertino, California.\\n\", \"All product testing is voluntary. Signing up is free, but you also don’t get paid for it.\\n\", \"Always back up your information before downloading new software. Software in beta testing is unstable and can affect your device.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"All product testing is confidential. If you leak information, you may get in legal trouble with Apple. Also, expect to be removed from the testing program permanently.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,937 |
How to Become an Archaeologist
|
1. Meeting the Requirements
1-1. Get a high school diploma.
You'll need a high school diploma to become an archaeologist because it will allow you to further your education. In high school, you should work to do well in school and pay special attention to relevant subjects, such as science and history. Extracurricular activities can also help you further your interest in archeology; see if your high school has a science club or another club that allows you to explore your interest in the study of archaeology. Ideally, you may be able to find a club that has a travel or a "field research" component.
1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.
A college diploma is necessary if you want to be an archaeologist. Most people who become archaeologists study anthropology, but you can also study something that is closely related, such as geography or history. Studying these subjects will give you a stronger understanding of your chosen career path. If you stop with the bachelor's degree, then you will be able to work as a field or laboratory technician or assistant after some work experience, but if you want to conduct your own research and lead crews, then you'll need to continue your education.
You will, however, need a master's degree to advance past entry-level positions as an archaeologist.
1-3. Decide if you want to get a master's degree or a Ph.D.
If you want to advance in the field of archeology, then you should pursue a master's degree or a Ph.D. Regardless of which path you take, your study will include the fields of ancient history, geology, geography, English composition, and human physiology. As you move further in your career, you can also be on the lookout for internships or other ways to gain experience as you gain knowledge.
You also need to choose whether you want to study the Romans and Greeks, which will require you to work out of Classics departments if you work in a university setting. If you study other cultures, you will most likely work out of an anthropology department.
Getting an advanced degree can also help open up more opportunities for you in the field of archaeology. It can be difficult to find work in the field, and having an advanced degree can help you become a professor, a museum curator, or an archivist, just to name a few exciting related professions.
1-4. Get a master's degree.
A master's degree program typically lasts about two years and includes a field research component. While you pursue this degree, you will typically be required to do at least 4-6 weeks of field research, during which time you will take a course which will teach you to dig like a real archaeologist, and will likely require you to live in a tent and get a taste of the life of a real archaeologist.
1-5. Alternately, get a Ph.D.
A Ph.D. will be essential for positions that require advanced technical knowledge or leadership skills and they are often needed to apply for work outside of your country of origin. A Ph.D. program takes, at least, several years of study past a master's degree and requires a written dissertation. Ph.D. students also spend around 12-30 months in the field doing research for their dissertation.
1-6. Possess the qualities needed to be an archaeologist.
If you want to be an archaeologist, then it would benefit you to possess or to work to develop the qualities of a successful archaeologist. Remember that archaeology is not a solitary pursuit and that you will greatly benefit from knowing how to work in teams. Here are some of the qualities you'll need to have to succeed:
The ability to work with others. Whether you're leading a crew or just joining one, being able to either take or give orders and to work in a collaborative environment would help you pursue this career field.
Investigative skills. The investigative skills you need to succeed in this career field go beyond your work in the field. To succeed as an archaeologist, you'll need to be able to do extensive research and learn to apply the knowledge you've gained to the field.
Critical-thinking skills. You should also be able to think critically to develop an understanding of the laboratory experiments and observations you have made in the field.
Analytical skills. You will also need to know how to use the scientific method and how to analyze your data in order to further your goals.
Writing skills. Contrary to popular belief, archaeologists don't spend all of their time in the field. They can often be found writing about their findings in a report and publishing their results in public interest publications and scholarly journals.
1-7. Learn cultural sensitivity.
If you work in foreign countries, you need to be aware of local customs and expectations. Any time you visit a foreign location, the locals will see you as an ambassador from your country or school, and will make generalized judgments based on your behavior. Make sure to be open-minded and respectful and to represent yourself and your country well.
2. Getting the Experience
2-1. Be prepared to work hard to find a job.
Though the employment of anthropologists and archaeologists combined is projected to grow 21% from 2012 to 2022, the job outlook isn't as sunny as it may appear. This is a small occupation, with only about 1,400 new jobs growing in the next ten years, so you must be prepared to work very hard to gain the necessary experience to achieve your goals. That said, people don't become archaeologists for the glory or for the salary; they do it because of their fascination with ancient artifacts and their love for learning about how people lived thousands of years ago. If you are truly passionate about your career, then your hard work will lead you down the right path.
The average salary for archaeologists and anthropologists is around $57,000 a year.
2-2. Volunteer.
Though your ideal scenario will involve you finding work in the field right away, the truth of the matter is that when it comes to finding work as an archaeologist, supply often exceeds demand. Volunteering is a great way to gain some experience, to network by building connections, and to get known in the field as someone people want to work with. Don't be discouraged if you can't find paid work; you will be able to find exciting work in pre and post-excavation phases of a project, as well as the investigation stage, and you'll be able to find paid work before you know it.
Keep in mind that volunteering is a strong component of the career. Even more experienced archaeologists often volunteer in other ways, such as serving on archaeological committees, editing journals, or organizing events.
In order to find volunteering work, you should check with your state's archaeological society. It may have an annual field school that you can attend. You can also check out Passport in Time, a program that connects volunteers with archaeologists in a variety of National Forest Service projects. You can also check out the yearly Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin that is published by The Archaeological Institute of America.
2-3. Find work as a contractor for survey project.
It'll be fairly difficult to get hired as a full-time employee once you gain your advanced degree as an archaeologist. First, you'll need to gain some more work experience. The most common way to do this is to find an entry-level job for your career path, which is also known as a "Shovel Bum." These jobs typically involve working for a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firm as a contractor, working for an hourly wage until the job you have been hired to do has been completed.
You can learn about these jobs through word of mouth or through online resources, such as the Career Services site of the Archaeological Institute of America.
If you just completed a master's or a doctoral program, you can ask your professors or classmates to keep you in the loop if they hear about any job openings.
2-4. Get picked up as a crew chief.
After you've put in your hours as a contractor out in the field, you can begin to look for work as a crew chief, which will allow you to have a full-time salaried position with benefits. The best way to stand out in the application process to work as a crew chief is to not only be a hard working and reliable field worker, but to also specialize within a field of archaeology so that your experience and knowledge will be more valued than that of the average applicant's.
2-5. Specialize in a field.
Specializing will allow you to gain further knowledge of one specific area of study and to become a valuable asset to future archaeological digs. You can specialize by doing further research in a field, learning to use the specific tools to require study of a field, and by training under experts in the field. Some specializations within the field of archaeology include pottery, osteology (the study of bones), numismatics (the study of coins) and lithics (stone tools).
Depending on which area of study you want to specialize in, you may want to learn the ancient languages which were spoken in the area. For example, if you want to become an Egyptologist, you may want to consider learning Arabic and the ancient languages (Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Coptic).
If you choose to specialize in Classical Studies (ancient Rome and Greece) you may want to learn Italian, and learning Latin and Ancient Greek will be a must. If you choose to go to South America, you may want to learn Spanish and the language(s) of the specific culture(s) you are studying.
2-6. Advance in your field through publication.
If you want to move up in the world as an archeologist, then you have to work on publishing your work in established, peer-reviewed journals. You should make a habit of regularly submitting your written work about your findings to scholarly journals. Once you publish your work, you will develop your reputation and may be able to take your career to a different place, such as being a professor or working in another administrative position in the field.
2-7. Advance in your field by taking on more responsibilities during excavations.
Another way to move further in your career is to take on more leadership positions during excavations. As you gain experience, you can become something like the trench supervisor, which will require you to organize and manage all aspects of the excavation, from the ground up. This will require you to work longer hours, but you will be able to advance in your career and gain more extensive knowledge of the entire digging process.
2-8. Consider working in a related field.
After you've cut your teeth as a traditional archaeologist, or just after you've realized you may want work that requires less travel and more steady hours, you may begin to think about using your archaeology degree in a related field that will still allow you to use your love for archaeology while working more regular hours. Here are some other options you may consider:
College professor. Many archaeologists have the ultimate goal of finding a tenured position at a university. This will allow them to have full-time work and benefits. They'll teach throughout the year and spend the summers or some semesters working on excavations. This helps create more balance in their lives and makes their position feel a bit more stable than contracting.
Museum curator. Museum curators work full-time to preserve and maintain exhibits related to work found in their fields. Their work can include conducting research, publishing results, giving public presentations, and preparing displays.
Private sector archaeologist. Instead of working for a public university or another public institution, archaeologists may work for the private sector, which may include excavating sites that are legally mandated to be excavated before their destruction.
Managing and protecting archaeological sites. Instead of excavating sites, your work will focus on protecting and maintaining them, which can include anything from helping run guided tours of the area to making sure the area is closed off from the public.
3. Going on the Job
3-1. Be prepared for a significant amount of travel.
No one said an archaeologist had an easy schedule. If you're committed to the work, then you should be ready to spend a lot of time away from home. You can go on digs that take you away from your family for months, or even longer. Be prepared for this element of the job. Archaeologists say that finding a balance between family and work can be quite challenging; however, keep in mind that you can find a career path that requires you to work more stable, regular hours instead of spending your time on archaeological digs.
3-2. Be prepared to spend a lot of time outdoors.
If you want to be an archaeologist, then you have to actually like spending time outdoors. You have to be okay with living in tents for months, never quite feeling clean, and dealing with elements such as rattlesnakes, intense heat, or bodily discomfort. This is all part of the fun of getting to work in an exciting, new location, and you should be prepared for this part of the job if you're really committed.
3-3. Get ready to face the elements.
Though you may not be Indiana Jones, you should be prepared to regularly face dangerous creatures such as rattlesnakes, spiders, and bears. You may also find yourself unknowingly entering drug growing or manufacturing areas while you're on survey. You'll need to be prepared with a cool mind and to stay calm in these events.
3-4. Wake up early.
Most archaeologists have to get up as early as 4 or 5 am to begin their work day. They begin working often in the dark, when they can't always see everything before them. This is because they want to put in a good eight hours of work and need to escape much of the late afternoon heat. Several food breaks are plugged into the daily schedule of an archaeologist, so you will have short bursts of relaxation throughout the day.
You may either be staying in tents on site, or far enough away that you'll need a bus to take you to and from the site.
3-5. Stay physically fit.
Field work can be grueling. You may need to rough it in uncomfortable terrain and weather for several weeks at a time in remote locations. If you're committed to this career path, then you'll have to stay in shape, through regular exercise that includes cardio and strength training. Your work will require you to build up the endurance to spend around 8 hours a day digging in the sun, so it is important to stay strong. You may not think the physical aspect of an archaeologist's life looks grueling, but it is more demanding than it may seem from photographs.
3-6. Carefully excavate a site.
An excavation is far more than a search for artifacts. An excavation is actually a carefully planned destruction of a site. Archaeologists know that once a site is dug up, it can never be returned to its old state again, so its destruction must be carefully mapped and planned every step of the way. Crew members typically dig up the floor of an excavation just 5–10 centimeter (2.0–3.9 in) at a time, taking care to record every layer that they uncover, since they can never return the site back to its previous state again.
You must be familiar with the excavation plan before you begin your work day.
You will dig using shovels, trowels, brushes, and other tools that you are given.
3-7. Dig up artifacts.
Many people are under the misconception that archaeologists dig up dinosaur bones. In fact, they dig up artifacts, but not bones; bones are dug up by paleontologists. While you're working on your site, you should be able to uncover some artifacts, such as arrowheads or pottery. You must follow a careful procedure for documenting and then storing your findings carefully. It's important to use your tools correctly in order to ensure that the artifacts are preserved for further study and care.
Some crew members even draw and photograph the floors and walls to keep a record of the layers as they are removed.
Some also photograph artifacts that are found and map their location relative to the rest of the excavation unit
Some technicians collect data by using GPS receivers to map out the site and the site's boundaries digitally
3-8. Take careful notes.
As you work on an excavation site, you may be required to take notes, making sure to record every little thing you find, even if it may seem insignificant at the time. You'll have to note everything about the way the object you found looks, where you found it, the soil composition of the area where it was found, surrounding objects, and anything else that stands out to you. Think of yourself as a detective, unearthing mysteries that are hundreds, or even thousands of years old.
3-9. Analyze your data in the lab.
You may think that being an archeologist is all about unearthing new artifacts, but there is actually a lot of analysis that is required aside from your dig. Once you've done the field work, you'll have to sort, clean, and catalogue your findings. Then, you'll need to organize your data and finalize your written reports. Though being in the field can be seen as the fun part of the job, you'll also need to do the paperwork, just as you would in any other field.
Most archaeologists spend more time in the lab analyzing data than going on digs. However, this part of the career, which allows you to piece together everything you have unearthed, can be just as exciting and rewarding as the career itself.
Tips
Keep a journal to record your findings and adventures. Write about anything that intrigues you.
Though there are new jobs available all the time, you may want to consider getting a Ph.D. When you go to look for a job it will help you find and get a better job. Also, if you have a Ph.D, when/if you retire from field work you could find a job as a University Professor (which requires you to have a Ph.D)
In the movie Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull, Indy tells a student of his that if he wants to be a good archaeologist, he has to get out of the library. In order to handle this career, you have to have a strong desire for adventure and discovery!
Warnings
You need to be very fit. Though on TV field work does not look too difficult, working 8 hours in the sun every day can tire you out quite quickly.
Real archaeology is not like Indiana Jones. About 70% of your time will be spent in a library studying.
A career in archaeology does pay. Most archaeologists are professors, museum staff, or government consultants. These jobs can be hard to obtain, so you may have to think outside the box when it comes to finding a job. archaeology has to do with with history, it also helps in ancient civilization
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Requirements\\n1-1. Get a high school diploma.\\nYou'll need a high school diploma to become an archaeologist because it will allow you to further your education. In high school, you should work to do well in school and pay special attention to relevant subjects, such as science and history. Extracurricular activities can also help you further your interest in archeology; see if your high school has a science club or another club that allows you to explore your interest in the study of archaeology. Ideally, you may be able to find a club that has a travel or a \\\"field research\\\" component.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor's degree.\\nA college diploma is necessary if you want to be an archaeologist. Most people who become archaeologists study anthropology, but you can also study something that is closely related, such as geography or history. Studying these subjects will give you a stronger understanding of your chosen career path. If you stop with the bachelor's degree, then you will be able to work as a field or laboratory technician or assistant after some work experience, but if you want to conduct your own research and lead crews, then you'll need to continue your education.\\nYou will, however, need a master's degree to advance past entry-level positions as an archaeologist.\\n1-3. Decide if you want to get a master's degree or a Ph.D.\\nIf you want to advance in the field of archeology, then you should pursue a master's degree or a Ph.D. Regardless of which path you take, your study will include the fields of ancient history, geology, geography, English composition, and human physiology. As you move further in your career, you can also be on the lookout for internships or other ways to gain experience as you gain knowledge.\\nYou also need to choose whether you want to study the Romans and Greeks, which will require you to work out of Classics departments if you work in a university setting. If you study other cultures, you will most likely work out of an anthropology department.\\nGetting an advanced degree can also help open up more opportunities for you in the field of archaeology. It can be difficult to find work in the field, and having an advanced degree can help you become a professor, a museum curator, or an archivist, just to name a few exciting related professions.\\n1-4. Get a master's degree.\\nA master's degree program typically lasts about two years and includes a field research component. While you pursue this degree, you will typically be required to do at least 4-6 weeks of field research, during which time you will take a course which will teach you to dig like a real archaeologist, and will likely require you to live in a tent and get a taste of the life of a real archaeologist.\\n1-5. Alternately, get a Ph.D.\\nA Ph.D. will be essential for positions that require advanced technical knowledge or leadership skills and they are often needed to apply for work outside of your country of origin. A Ph.D. program takes, at least, several years of study past a master's degree and requires a written dissertation. Ph.D. students also spend around 12-30 months in the field doing research for their dissertation.\\n1-6. Possess the qualities needed to be an archaeologist.\\nIf you want to be an archaeologist, then it would benefit you to possess or to work to develop the qualities of a successful archaeologist. Remember that archaeology is not a solitary pursuit and that you will greatly benefit from knowing how to work in teams. Here are some of the qualities you'll need to have to succeed:\\n\\nThe ability to work with others. Whether you're leading a crew or just joining one, being able to either take or give orders and to work in a collaborative environment would help you pursue this career field.\\nInvestigative skills. The investigative skills you need to succeed in this career field go beyond your work in the field. To succeed as an archaeologist, you'll need to be able to do extensive research and learn to apply the knowledge you've gained to the field.\\nCritical-thinking skills. You should also be able to think critically to develop an understanding of the laboratory experiments and observations you have made in the field.\\nAnalytical skills. You will also need to know how to use the scientific method and how to analyze your data in order to further your goals.\\nWriting skills. Contrary to popular belief, archaeologists don't spend all of their time in the field. They can often be found writing about their findings in a report and publishing their results in public interest publications and scholarly journals.\\n1-7. Learn cultural sensitivity.\\nIf you work in foreign countries, you need to be aware of local customs and expectations. Any time you visit a foreign location, the locals will see you as an ambassador from your country or school, and will make generalized judgments based on your behavior. Make sure to be open-minded and respectful and to represent yourself and your country well.\\n2. Getting the Experience\\n2-1. Be prepared to work hard to find a job.\\nThough the employment of anthropologists and archaeologists combined is projected to grow 21% from 2012 to 2022, the job outlook isn't as sunny as it may appear. This is a small occupation, with only about 1,400 new jobs growing in the next ten years, so you must be prepared to work very hard to gain the necessary experience to achieve your goals. That said, people don't become archaeologists for the glory or for the salary; they do it because of their fascination with ancient artifacts and their love for learning about how people lived thousands of years ago. If you are truly passionate about your career, then your hard work will lead you down the right path.\\nThe average salary for archaeologists and anthropologists is around $57,000 a year.\\n2-2. Volunteer.\\nThough your ideal scenario will involve you finding work in the field right away, the truth of the matter is that when it comes to finding work as an archaeologist, supply often exceeds demand. Volunteering is a great way to gain some experience, to network by building connections, and to get known in the field as someone people want to work with. Don't be discouraged if you can't find paid work; you will be able to find exciting work in pre and post-excavation phases of a project, as well as the investigation stage, and you'll be able to find paid work before you know it.\\nKeep in mind that volunteering is a strong component of the career. Even more experienced archaeologists often volunteer in other ways, such as serving on archaeological committees, editing journals, or organizing events.\\nIn order to find volunteering work, you should check with your state's archaeological society. It may have an annual field school that you can attend. You can also check out Passport in Time, a program that connects volunteers with archaeologists in a variety of National Forest Service projects. You can also check out the yearly Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin that is published by The Archaeological Institute of America.\\n2-3. Find work as a contractor for survey project.\\nIt'll be fairly difficult to get hired as a full-time employee once you gain your advanced degree as an archaeologist. First, you'll need to gain some more work experience. The most common way to do this is to find an entry-level job for your career path, which is also known as a \\\"Shovel Bum.\\\" These jobs typically involve working for a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firm as a contractor, working for an hourly wage until the job you have been hired to do has been completed.\\nYou can learn about these jobs through word of mouth or through online resources, such as the Career Services site of the Archaeological Institute of America.\\nIf you just completed a master's or a doctoral program, you can ask your professors or classmates to keep you in the loop if they hear about any job openings.\\n2-4. Get picked up as a crew chief.\\nAfter you've put in your hours as a contractor out in the field, you can begin to look for work as a crew chief, which will allow you to have a full-time salaried position with benefits. The best way to stand out in the application process to work as a crew chief is to not only be a hard working and reliable field worker, but to also specialize within a field of archaeology so that your experience and knowledge will be more valued than that of the average applicant's.\\n2-5. Specialize in a field.\\nSpecializing will allow you to gain further knowledge of one specific area of study and to become a valuable asset to future archaeological digs. You can specialize by doing further research in a field, learning to use the specific tools to require study of a field, and by training under experts in the field. Some specializations within the field of archaeology include pottery, osteology (the study of bones), numismatics (the study of coins) and lithics (stone tools).\\nDepending on which area of study you want to specialize in, you may want to learn the ancient languages which were spoken in the area. For example, if you want to become an Egyptologist, you may want to consider learning Arabic and the ancient languages (Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Coptic).\\nIf you choose to specialize in Classical Studies (ancient Rome and Greece) you may want to learn Italian, and learning Latin and Ancient Greek will be a must. If you choose to go to South America, you may want to learn Spanish and the language(s) of the specific culture(s) you are studying.\\n2-6. Advance in your field through publication.\\nIf you want to move up in the world as an archeologist, then you have to work on publishing your work in established, peer-reviewed journals. You should make a habit of regularly submitting your written work about your findings to scholarly journals. Once you publish your work, you will develop your reputation and may be able to take your career to a different place, such as being a professor or working in another administrative position in the field.\\n2-7. Advance in your field by taking on more responsibilities during excavations.\\nAnother way to move further in your career is to take on more leadership positions during excavations. As you gain experience, you can become something like the trench supervisor, which will require you to organize and manage all aspects of the excavation, from the ground up. This will require you to work longer hours, but you will be able to advance in your career and gain more extensive knowledge of the entire digging process.\\n2-8. Consider working in a related field.\\nAfter you've cut your teeth as a traditional archaeologist, or just after you've realized you may want work that requires less travel and more steady hours, you may begin to think about using your archaeology degree in a related field that will still allow you to use your love for archaeology while working more regular hours. Here are some other options you may consider:\\nCollege professor. Many archaeologists have the ultimate goal of finding a tenured position at a university. This will allow them to have full-time work and benefits. They'll teach throughout the year and spend the summers or some semesters working on excavations. This helps create more balance in their lives and makes their position feel a bit more stable than contracting.\\nMuseum curator. Museum curators work full-time to preserve and maintain exhibits related to work found in their fields. Their work can include conducting research, publishing results, giving public presentations, and preparing displays.\\nPrivate sector archaeologist. Instead of working for a public university or another public institution, archaeologists may work for the private sector, which may include excavating sites that are legally mandated to be excavated before their destruction.\\nManaging and protecting archaeological sites. Instead of excavating sites, your work will focus on protecting and maintaining them, which can include anything from helping run guided tours of the area to making sure the area is closed off from the public.\\n3. Going on the Job\\n3-1. Be prepared for a significant amount of travel.\\nNo one said an archaeologist had an easy schedule. If you're committed to the work, then you should be ready to spend a lot of time away from home. You can go on digs that take you away from your family for months, or even longer. Be prepared for this element of the job. Archaeologists say that finding a balance between family and work can be quite challenging; however, keep in mind that you can find a career path that requires you to work more stable, regular hours instead of spending your time on archaeological digs.\\n3-2. Be prepared to spend a lot of time outdoors.\\nIf you want to be an archaeologist, then you have to actually like spending time outdoors. You have to be okay with living in tents for months, never quite feeling clean, and dealing with elements such as rattlesnakes, intense heat, or bodily discomfort. This is all part of the fun of getting to work in an exciting, new location, and you should be prepared for this part of the job if you're really committed.\\n3-3. Get ready to face the elements.\\nThough you may not be Indiana Jones, you should be prepared to regularly face dangerous creatures such as rattlesnakes, spiders, and bears. You may also find yourself unknowingly entering drug growing or manufacturing areas while you're on survey. You'll need to be prepared with a cool mind and to stay calm in these events.\\n3-4. Wake up early.\\nMost archaeologists have to get up as early as 4 or 5 am to begin their work day. They begin working often in the dark, when they can't always see everything before them. This is because they want to put in a good eight hours of work and need to escape much of the late afternoon heat. Several food breaks are plugged into the daily schedule of an archaeologist, so you will have short bursts of relaxation throughout the day.\\nYou may either be staying in tents on site, or far enough away that you'll need a bus to take you to and from the site.\\n3-5. Stay physically fit.\\nField work can be grueling. You may need to rough it in uncomfortable terrain and weather for several weeks at a time in remote locations. If you're committed to this career path, then you'll have to stay in shape, through regular exercise that includes cardio and strength training. Your work will require you to build up the endurance to spend around 8 hours a day digging in the sun, so it is important to stay strong. You may not think the physical aspect of an archaeologist's life looks grueling, but it is more demanding than it may seem from photographs.\\n3-6. Carefully excavate a site.\\nAn excavation is far more than a search for artifacts. An excavation is actually a carefully planned destruction of a site. Archaeologists know that once a site is dug up, it can never be returned to its old state again, so its destruction must be carefully mapped and planned every step of the way. Crew members typically dig up the floor of an excavation just 5–10 centimeter (2.0–3.9 in) at a time, taking care to record every layer that they uncover, since they can never return the site back to its previous state again.\\nYou must be familiar with the excavation plan before you begin your work day.\\nYou will dig using shovels, trowels, brushes, and other tools that you are given.\\n3-7. Dig up artifacts.\\nMany people are under the misconception that archaeologists dig up dinosaur bones. In fact, they dig up artifacts, but not bones; bones are dug up by paleontologists. While you're working on your site, you should be able to uncover some artifacts, such as arrowheads or pottery. You must follow a careful procedure for documenting and then storing your findings carefully. It's important to use your tools correctly in order to ensure that the artifacts are preserved for further study and care.\\nSome crew members even draw and photograph the floors and walls to keep a record of the layers as they are removed.\\nSome also photograph artifacts that are found and map their location relative to the rest of the excavation unit\\nSome technicians collect data by using GPS receivers to map out the site and the site's boundaries digitally\\n3-8. Take careful notes.\\nAs you work on an excavation site, you may be required to take notes, making sure to record every little thing you find, even if it may seem insignificant at the time. You'll have to note everything about the way the object you found looks, where you found it, the soil composition of the area where it was found, surrounding objects, and anything else that stands out to you. Think of yourself as a detective, unearthing mysteries that are hundreds, or even thousands of years old.\\n3-9. Analyze your data in the lab.\\nYou may think that being an archeologist is all about unearthing new artifacts, but there is actually a lot of analysis that is required aside from your dig. Once you've done the field work, you'll have to sort, clean, and catalogue your findings. Then, you'll need to organize your data and finalize your written reports. Though being in the field can be seen as the fun part of the job, you'll also need to do the paperwork, just as you would in any other field.\\nMost archaeologists spend more time in the lab analyzing data than going on digs. However, this part of the career, which allows you to piece together everything you have unearthed, can be just as exciting and rewarding as the career itself.\\nTips\\nKeep a journal to record your findings and adventures. Write about anything that intrigues you.\\nThough there are new jobs available all the time, you may want to consider getting a Ph.D. When you go to look for a job it will help you find and get a better job. Also, if you have a Ph.D, when/if you retire from field work you could find a job as a University Professor (which requires you to have a Ph.D)\\nIn the movie Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull, Indy tells a student of his that if he wants to be a good archaeologist, he has to get out of the library. In order to handle this career, you have to have a strong desire for adventure and discovery!\\nWarnings\\nYou need to be very fit. Though on TV field work does not look too difficult, working 8 hours in the sun every day can tire you out quite quickly.\\nReal archaeology is not like Indiana Jones. About 70% of your time will be spent in a library studying.\\nA career in archaeology does pay. Most archaeologists are professors, museum staff, or government consultants. These jobs can be hard to obtain, so you may have to think outside the box when it comes to finding a job. archaeology has to do with with history, it also helps in ancient civilization\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Archaeology is the study of human cultures from around the world and throughout time. This is done by studying artifacts to learn about the people who left them behind. Though being an archaeologist may not be as exciting as it was for Indiana Jones, if you find the idea of unearthing an arrowhead that hasn't been touched for 900 years as exciting as being chased by a boulder, then this may be the perfect career path for you. If you think you have what it takes it become an archaeologist, read on to find out how to get started in this career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need a high school diploma to become an archaeologist because it will allow you to further your education. In high school, you should work to do well in school and pay special attention to relevant subjects, such as science and history. Extracurricular activities can also help you further your interest in archeology; see if your high school has a science club or another club that allows you to explore your interest in the study of archaeology. Ideally, you may be able to find a club that has a travel or a \\\"field research\\\" component.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"A college diploma is necessary if you want to be an archaeologist. Most people who become archaeologists study anthropology, but you can also study something that is closely related, such as geography or history. Studying these subjects will give you a stronger understanding of your chosen career path. If you stop with the bachelor's degree, then you will be able to work as a field or laboratory technician or assistant after some work experience, but if you want to conduct your own research and lead crews, then you'll need to continue your education.\\nYou will, however, need a master's degree to advance past entry-level positions as an archaeologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to get a master's degree or a Ph.D.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to advance in the field of archeology, then you should pursue a master's degree or a Ph.D. Regardless of which path you take, your study will include the fields of ancient history, geology, geography, English composition, and human physiology. As you move further in your career, you can also be on the lookout for internships or other ways to gain experience as you gain knowledge.\\nYou also need to choose whether you want to study the Romans and Greeks, which will require you to work out of Classics departments if you work in a university setting. If you study other cultures, you will most likely work out of an anthropology department.\\nGetting an advanced degree can also help open up more opportunities for you in the field of archaeology. It can be difficult to find work in the field, and having an advanced degree can help you become a professor, a museum curator, or an archivist, just to name a few exciting related professions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"A master's degree program typically lasts about two years and includes a field research component. While you pursue this degree, you will typically be required to do at least 4-6 weeks of field research, during which time you will take a course which will teach you to dig like a real archaeologist, and will likely require you to live in a tent and get a taste of the life of a real archaeologist.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Alternately, get a Ph.D.\", \"描述\": \"A Ph.D. will be essential for positions that require advanced technical knowledge or leadership skills and they are often needed to apply for work outside of your country of origin. A Ph.D. program takes, at least, several years of study past a master's degree and requires a written dissertation. Ph.D. students also spend around 12-30 months in the field doing research for their dissertation.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Possess the qualities needed to be an archaeologist.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be an archaeologist, then it would benefit you to possess or to work to develop the qualities of a successful archaeologist. Remember that archaeology is not a solitary pursuit and that you will greatly benefit from knowing how to work in teams. Here are some of the qualities you'll need to have to succeed:\\n\\nThe ability to work with others. Whether you're leading a crew or just joining one, being able to either take or give orders and to work in a collaborative environment would help you pursue this career field.\\nInvestigative skills. The investigative skills you need to succeed in this career field go beyond your work in the field. To succeed as an archaeologist, you'll need to be able to do extensive research and learn to apply the knowledge you've gained to the field.\\nCritical-thinking skills. You should also be able to think critically to develop an understanding of the laboratory experiments and observations you have made in the field.\\nAnalytical skills. You will also need to know how to use the scientific method and how to analyze your data in order to further your goals.\\nWriting skills. Contrary to popular belief, archaeologists don't spend all of their time in the field. They can often be found writing about their findings in a report and publishing their results in public interest publications and scholarly journals.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Learn cultural sensitivity.\", \"描述\": \"If you work in foreign countries, you need to be aware of local customs and expectations. Any time you visit a foreign location, the locals will see you as an ambassador from your country or school, and will make generalized judgments based on your behavior. Make sure to be open-minded and respectful and to represent yourself and your country well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to work hard to find a job.\", \"描述\": \"Though the employment of anthropologists and archaeologists combined is projected to grow 21% from 2012 to 2022, the job outlook isn't as sunny as it may appear. This is a small occupation, with only about 1,400 new jobs growing in the next ten years, so you must be prepared to work very hard to gain the necessary experience to achieve your goals. That said, people don't become archaeologists for the glory or for the salary; they do it because of their fascination with ancient artifacts and their love for learning about how people lived thousands of years ago. If you are truly passionate about your career, then your hard work will lead you down the right path.\\nThe average salary for archaeologists and anthropologists is around $57,000 a year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"Though your ideal scenario will involve you finding work in the field right away, the truth of the matter is that when it comes to finding work as an archaeologist, supply often exceeds demand. Volunteering is a great way to gain some experience, to network by building connections, and to get known in the field as someone people want to work with. Don't be discouraged if you can't find paid work; you will be able to find exciting work in pre and post-excavation phases of a project, as well as the investigation stage, and you'll be able to find paid work before you know it.\\nKeep in mind that volunteering is a strong component of the career. Even more experienced archaeologists often volunteer in other ways, such as serving on archaeological committees, editing journals, or organizing events.\\nIn order to find volunteering work, you should check with your state's archaeological society. It may have an annual field school that you can attend. You can also check out Passport in Time, a program that connects volunteers with archaeologists in a variety of National Forest Service projects. You can also check out the yearly Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin that is published by The Archaeological Institute of America.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find work as a contractor for survey project.\", \"描述\": \"It'll be fairly difficult to get hired as a full-time employee once you gain your advanced degree as an archaeologist. First, you'll need to gain some more work experience. The most common way to do this is to find an entry-level job for your career path, which is also known as a \\\"Shovel Bum.\\\" These jobs typically involve working for a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firm as a contractor, working for an hourly wage until the job you have been hired to do has been completed.\\nYou can learn about these jobs through word of mouth or through online resources, such as the Career Services site of the Archaeological Institute of America.\\nIf you just completed a master's or a doctoral program, you can ask your professors or classmates to keep you in the loop if they hear about any job openings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get picked up as a crew chief.\", \"描述\": \"After you've put in your hours as a contractor out in the field, you can begin to look for work as a crew chief, which will allow you to have a full-time salaried position with benefits. The best way to stand out in the application process to work as a crew chief is to not only be a hard working and reliable field worker, but to also specialize within a field of archaeology so that your experience and knowledge will be more valued than that of the average applicant's.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Specialize in a field.\", \"描述\": \"Specializing will allow you to gain further knowledge of one specific area of study and to become a valuable asset to future archaeological digs. You can specialize by doing further research in a field, learning to use the specific tools to require study of a field, and by training under experts in the field. Some specializations within the field of archaeology include pottery, osteology (the study of bones), numismatics (the study of coins) and lithics (stone tools).\\nDepending on which area of study you want to specialize in, you may want to learn the ancient languages which were spoken in the area. For example, if you want to become an Egyptologist, you may want to consider learning Arabic and the ancient languages (Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Coptic).\\nIf you choose to specialize in Classical Studies (ancient Rome and Greece) you may want to learn Italian, and learning Latin and Ancient Greek will be a must. If you choose to go to South America, you may want to learn Spanish and the language(s) of the specific culture(s) you are studying.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Advance in your field through publication.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to move up in the world as an archeologist, then you have to work on publishing your work in established, peer-reviewed journals. You should make a habit of regularly submitting your written work about your findings to scholarly journals. Once you publish your work, you will develop your reputation and may be able to take your career to a different place, such as being a professor or working in another administrative position in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Advance in your field by taking on more responsibilities during excavations.\", \"描述\": \"Another way to move further in your career is to take on more leadership positions during excavations. As you gain experience, you can become something like the trench supervisor, which will require you to organize and manage all aspects of the excavation, from the ground up. This will require you to work longer hours, but you will be able to advance in your career and gain more extensive knowledge of the entire digging process.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Consider working in a related field.\", \"描述\": \"After you've cut your teeth as a traditional archaeologist, or just after you've realized you may want work that requires less travel and more steady hours, you may begin to think about using your archaeology degree in a related field that will still allow you to use your love for archaeology while working more regular hours. Here are some other options you may consider:\\nCollege professor. Many archaeologists have the ultimate goal of finding a tenured position at a university. This will allow them to have full-time work and benefits. They'll teach throughout the year and spend the summers or some semesters working on excavations. This helps create more balance in their lives and makes their position feel a bit more stable than contracting.\\nMuseum curator. Museum curators work full-time to preserve and maintain exhibits related to work found in their fields. Their work can include conducting research, publishing results, giving public presentations, and preparing displays.\\nPrivate sector archaeologist. Instead of working for a public university or another public institution, archaeologists may work for the private sector, which may include excavating sites that are legally mandated to be excavated before their destruction.\\nManaging and protecting archaeological sites. Instead of excavating sites, your work will focus on protecting and maintaining them, which can include anything from helping run guided tours of the area to making sure the area is closed off from the public.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Going on the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for a significant amount of travel.\", \"描述\": \"No one said an archaeologist had an easy schedule. If you're committed to the work, then you should be ready to spend a lot of time away from home. You can go on digs that take you away from your family for months, or even longer. Be prepared for this element of the job. Archaeologists say that finding a balance between family and work can be quite challenging; however, keep in mind that you can find a career path that requires you to work more stable, regular hours instead of spending your time on archaeological digs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to spend a lot of time outdoors.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be an archaeologist, then you have to actually like spending time outdoors. You have to be okay with living in tents for months, never quite feeling clean, and dealing with elements such as rattlesnakes, intense heat, or bodily discomfort. This is all part of the fun of getting to work in an exciting, new location, and you should be prepared for this part of the job if you're really committed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get ready to face the elements.\", \"描述\": \"Though you may not be Indiana Jones, you should be prepared to regularly face dangerous creatures such as rattlesnakes, spiders, and bears. You may also find yourself unknowingly entering drug growing or manufacturing areas while you're on survey. You'll need to be prepared with a cool mind and to stay calm in these events.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wake up early.\", \"描述\": \"Most archaeologists have to get up as early as 4 or 5 am to begin their work day. They begin working often in the dark, when they can't always see everything before them. This is because they want to put in a good eight hours of work and need to escape much of the late afternoon heat. Several food breaks are plugged into the daily schedule of an archaeologist, so you will have short bursts of relaxation throughout the day.\\nYou may either be staying in tents on site, or far enough away that you'll need a bus to take you to and from the site.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay physically fit.\", \"描述\": \"Field work can be grueling. You may need to rough it in uncomfortable terrain and weather for several weeks at a time in remote locations. If you're committed to this career path, then you'll have to stay in shape, through regular exercise that includes cardio and strength training. Your work will require you to build up the endurance to spend around 8 hours a day digging in the sun, so it is important to stay strong. You may not think the physical aspect of an archaeologist's life looks grueling, but it is more demanding than it may seem from photographs.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Carefully excavate a site.\", \"描述\": \"An excavation is far more than a search for artifacts. An excavation is actually a carefully planned destruction of a site. Archaeologists know that once a site is dug up, it can never be returned to its old state again, so its destruction must be carefully mapped and planned every step of the way. Crew members typically dig up the floor of an excavation just 5–10 centimeter (2.0–3.9 in) at a time, taking care to record every layer that they uncover, since they can never return the site back to its previous state again.\\nYou must be familiar with the excavation plan before you begin your work day.\\nYou will dig using shovels, trowels, brushes, and other tools that you are given.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Dig up artifacts.\", \"描述\": \"Many people are under the misconception that archaeologists dig up dinosaur bones. In fact, they dig up artifacts, but not bones; bones are dug up by paleontologists. While you're working on your site, you should be able to uncover some artifacts, such as arrowheads or pottery. You must follow a careful procedure for documenting and then storing your findings carefully. It's important to use your tools correctly in order to ensure that the artifacts are preserved for further study and care.\\nSome crew members even draw and photograph the floors and walls to keep a record of the layers as they are removed.\\nSome also photograph artifacts that are found and map their location relative to the rest of the excavation unit\\nSome technicians collect data by using GPS receivers to map out the site and the site's boundaries digitally\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take careful notes.\", \"描述\": \"As you work on an excavation site, you may be required to take notes, making sure to record every little thing you find, even if it may seem insignificant at the time. You'll have to note everything about the way the object you found looks, where you found it, the soil composition of the area where it was found, surrounding objects, and anything else that stands out to you. Think of yourself as a detective, unearthing mysteries that are hundreds, or even thousands of years old.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Analyze your data in the lab.\", \"描述\": \"You may think that being an archeologist is all about unearthing new artifacts, but there is actually a lot of analysis that is required aside from your dig. Once you've done the field work, you'll have to sort, clean, and catalogue your findings. Then, you'll need to organize your data and finalize your written reports. Though being in the field can be seen as the fun part of the job, you'll also need to do the paperwork, just as you would in any other field.\\nMost archaeologists spend more time in the lab analyzing data than going on digs. However, this part of the career, which allows you to piece together everything you have unearthed, can be just as exciting and rewarding as the career itself.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep a journal to record your findings and adventures. Write about anything that intrigues you.\\n\", \"Though there are new jobs available all the time, you may want to consider getting a Ph.D. When you go to look for a job it will help you find and get a better job. Also, if you have a Ph.D, when/if you retire from field work you could find a job as a University Professor (which requires you to have a Ph.D)\\n\", \"In the movie Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull, Indy tells a student of his that if he wants to be a good archaeologist, he has to get out of the library. In order to handle this career, you have to have a strong desire for adventure and discovery!\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"You need to be very fit. Though on TV field work does not look too difficult, working 8 hours in the sun every day can tire you out quite quickly.\\n\", \"Real archaeology is not like Indiana Jones. About 70% of your time will be spent in a library studying.\\n\", \"A career in archaeology does pay. Most archaeologists are professors, museum staff, or government consultants. These jobs can be hard to obtain, so you may have to think outside the box when it comes to finding a job. archaeology has to do with with history, it also helps in ancient civilization\\n\"]}]}}",
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5,938 |
How to Become an Architect
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1. Prepare to Become an Architect
1-1. Understand the profession.
Architecture involves more than an aptitude for drawing or basic carpentry. In fact, to call yourself an architect, you must first earn a license from a U.S. licensing board. This process involves earning a degree from an accredited program, gaining real-world experience, and passing a national exam. After earning a license, architects are involved in each phase of the process of creating a new structure—from conceiving an idea for the structure's design to communicating the plans to clients, overseeing the construction process, and ensuring the final structure will protect the public’s safety. Architects have the following talents and skills:
Creative. Architects come up with original ideas for creating well-designed structures that complement their surroundings and meet their functional purpose. Every seemingly simple structure we encounter was dreamed up by an architect aiming for the sweet spot between beauty and functionality.
Science-minded. Architecture is both an art and a science. In addition to designing buildings with elegance and beauty in mind, architects must understand how the different components of a building work together to create a sturdy, safe environment. An understanding of math and physics is essential.
Great communicators. Architects must be able to effectively share their vision of a structure with those who will be constructing it. They are excellent at giving presentations, describing ideas clearly, and communicating with clients.
1-2. Decide what type of architect you want to be.
Some architects work for firms and see projects through from conception to completion. Others use their talents and skills in different parts of the industry.
Landscape architects have a background in plant sciences as well as architecture, and focus on how outdoor spaces play a complementary role.
Some architects focus only on design, making sure the plans for a building follow building codes and meet the expectations of the client.
Construction firms often hire architects as project managers who oversee the construction of structures.
Some architects may focus on certain types of buildings, such as high-security facilities, hospitals, or schools. They may also work on the restoration of old buildings.
1-3. Talk to architects.
As you're deciding whether you want to become an architect, talk with licensed professionals to get a sense of what it takes to have a career in architecture.
Contact architecture firms in your area and ask if you can set up informational interviews. Ask for architecture program recommendations and other advice.
Find a part-time job or internship at an architecture firm to get an even better sense of what the field is like.
2. Fulfill Educational and Training Requirements
2-1. Major in architecture.
Research colleges and universities with strong architecture programs. Make sure the program you choose is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB).
Some schools offer five-year programs that allow you to combine your bachelor's and master's degrees without the need to apply to separate programs.
Art, math, environmental design, and other relevant majors are also appropriate choices to prepare you for a career in architecture. Just make sure you've taken the courses required to apply to graduate programs.
2-2. Get a graduate degree in architecture from a program accredited by the NAAB.
If you did not enter a five-year combined bachelor's and master's program, you will need a master's in architecture after completing your undergraduate degree. Programs can focus on areas such as innovation, modern design, restoration, or even environmentally-friendly design. Research programs that meet your needs and personality.
2-3. Complete the Architectural Experience Program (AXP) administered by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB).
Each state requires that potential architects gain professional experience before they are granted licensure. In most states, this requirement can be met by completing the AXP. Through the AXP, you'll learn how to safely and competently handle the scenarios you’ll face as an architect. With broad experience areas that reflect the current phases of practice, the program prepares you for everything from site design to project management.
You can begin gaining experience toward the AXP after graduating high school. Time spent working in an architecture firm or volunteering for a design nonprofit may count toward the AXP.
2-4. Pass all divisions of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).
The ARE is currently available in two versions, ARE 4.0 and ARE 5.0, and assesses whether the licensure candidate has the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill the role of an architect.
ARE 4.0 contains seven divisions and will be offered until June 30, 2018. ARE 5.0 features six divisions organized around the progression of a typical architecture project.
Consider taking a seminar or study course to prepare for the ARE.
Many valuable study resources can also be found at ncarb.org.
3. Getting Licensed as an Architect
3-1. Obtain your initial license.
Contact the architecture registration board in the state where you will be practicing to find out the requirements you must meet for initial licensure, in addition to completing AXP and passing the ARE.
3-2. Get NCARB certification.
Once you have your initial license, you can apply for an NCARB Certificate. This credential shows that you have met the highest professional standards possible, and allows you to work with clients across states and countries.
3-3. Start practicing.
Depending on your educational path and personal interests, join a firm that focuses on a residential building, commercial building, or both. Consider operating as a consultant as a way to get your feet wet.
Tips
The educational, training and licensure requirements specified apply to architects practicing in the United States. Different requirements apply to those practicing outside the US.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepare to Become an Architect\\n1-1. Understand the profession.\\nArchitecture involves more than an aptitude for drawing or basic carpentry. In fact, to call yourself an architect, you must first earn a license from a U.S. licensing board. This process involves earning a degree from an accredited program, gaining real-world experience, and passing a national exam. After earning a license, architects are involved in each phase of the process of creating a new structure—from conceiving an idea for the structure's design to communicating the plans to clients, overseeing the construction process, and ensuring the final structure will protect the public’s safety. Architects have the following talents and skills:\\nCreative. Architects come up with original ideas for creating well-designed structures that complement their surroundings and meet their functional purpose. Every seemingly simple structure we encounter was dreamed up by an architect aiming for the sweet spot between beauty and functionality.\\nScience-minded. Architecture is both an art and a science. In addition to designing buildings with elegance and beauty in mind, architects must understand how the different components of a building work together to create a sturdy, safe environment. An understanding of math and physics is essential.\\nGreat communicators. Architects must be able to effectively share their vision of a structure with those who will be constructing it. They are excellent at giving presentations, describing ideas clearly, and communicating with clients.\\n1-2. Decide what type of architect you want to be.\\nSome architects work for firms and see projects through from conception to completion. Others use their talents and skills in different parts of the industry.\\nLandscape architects have a background in plant sciences as well as architecture, and focus on how outdoor spaces play a complementary role.\\nSome architects focus only on design, making sure the plans for a building follow building codes and meet the expectations of the client.\\nConstruction firms often hire architects as project managers who oversee the construction of structures.\\nSome architects may focus on certain types of buildings, such as high-security facilities, hospitals, or schools. They may also work on the restoration of old buildings.\\n1-3. Talk to architects.\\nAs you're deciding whether you want to become an architect, talk with licensed professionals to get a sense of what it takes to have a career in architecture.\\nContact architecture firms in your area and ask if you can set up informational interviews. Ask for architecture program recommendations and other advice.\\nFind a part-time job or internship at an architecture firm to get an even better sense of what the field is like.\\n2. Fulfill Educational and Training Requirements\\n2-1. Major in architecture.\\nResearch colleges and universities with strong architecture programs. Make sure the program you choose is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB).\\nSome schools offer five-year programs that allow you to combine your bachelor's and master's degrees without the need to apply to separate programs.\\nArt, math, environmental design, and other relevant majors are also appropriate choices to prepare you for a career in architecture. Just make sure you've taken the courses required to apply to graduate programs.\\n2-2. Get a graduate degree in architecture from a program accredited by the NAAB.\\nIf you did not enter a five-year combined bachelor's and master's program, you will need a master's in architecture after completing your undergraduate degree. Programs can focus on areas such as innovation, modern design, restoration, or even environmentally-friendly design. Research programs that meet your needs and personality.\\n2-3. Complete the Architectural Experience Program (AXP) administered by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB).\\nEach state requires that potential architects gain professional experience before they are granted licensure. In most states, this requirement can be met by completing the AXP. Through the AXP, you'll learn how to safely and competently handle the scenarios you’ll face as an architect. With broad experience areas that reflect the current phases of practice, the program prepares you for everything from site design to project management.\\nYou can begin gaining experience toward the AXP after graduating high school. Time spent working in an architecture firm or volunteering for a design nonprofit may count toward the AXP.\\n2-4. Pass all divisions of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).\\nThe ARE is currently available in two versions, ARE 4.0 and ARE 5.0, and assesses whether the licensure candidate has the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill the role of an architect.\\nARE 4.0 contains seven divisions and will be offered until June 30, 2018. ARE 5.0 features six divisions organized around the progression of a typical architecture project.\\nConsider taking a seminar or study course to prepare for the ARE.\\nMany valuable study resources can also be found at ncarb.org.\\n3. Getting Licensed as an Architect\\n3-1. Obtain your initial license.\\nContact the architecture registration board in the state where you will be practicing to find out the requirements you must meet for initial licensure, in addition to completing AXP and passing the ARE.\\n3-2. Get NCARB certification.\\nOnce you have your initial license, you can apply for an NCARB Certificate. This credential shows that you have met the highest professional standards possible, and allows you to work with clients across states and countries.\\n3-3. Start practicing.\\nDepending on your educational path and personal interests, join a firm that focuses on a residential building, commercial building, or both. Consider operating as a consultant as a way to get your feet wet.\\nTips\\nThe educational, training and licensure requirements specified apply to architects practicing in the United States. Different requirements apply to those practicing outside the US.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Architects design and oversee the construction of buildings, homes and other structures used as shelters. They are highly educated, licensed professionals who are responsible for ensuring the safety and functionality of each project they undertake. This article provides a look at the architecture profession, the educational and licensure requirements for becoming an architect, and options for a career in the architecture field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare to Become an Architect\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the profession.\", \"描述\": \"Architecture involves more than an aptitude for drawing or basic carpentry. In fact, to call yourself an architect, you must first earn a license from a U.S. licensing board. This process involves earning a degree from an accredited program, gaining real-world experience, and passing a national exam. After earning a license, architects are involved in each phase of the process of creating a new structure—from conceiving an idea for the structure's design to communicating the plans to clients, overseeing the construction process, and ensuring the final structure will protect the public’s safety. Architects have the following talents and skills:\\nCreative. Architects come up with original ideas for creating well-designed structures that complement their surroundings and meet their functional purpose. Every seemingly simple structure we encounter was dreamed up by an architect aiming for the sweet spot between beauty and functionality.\\nScience-minded. Architecture is both an art and a science. In addition to designing buildings with elegance and beauty in mind, architects must understand how the different components of a building work together to create a sturdy, safe environment. An understanding of math and physics is essential.\\nGreat communicators. Architects must be able to effectively share their vision of a structure with those who will be constructing it. They are excellent at giving presentations, describing ideas clearly, and communicating with clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide what type of architect you want to be.\", \"描述\": \"Some architects work for firms and see projects through from conception to completion. Others use their talents and skills in different parts of the industry.\\nLandscape architects have a background in plant sciences as well as architecture, and focus on how outdoor spaces play a complementary role.\\nSome architects focus only on design, making sure the plans for a building follow building codes and meet the expectations of the client.\\nConstruction firms often hire architects as project managers who oversee the construction of structures.\\nSome architects may focus on certain types of buildings, such as high-security facilities, hospitals, or schools. They may also work on the restoration of old buildings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to architects.\", \"描述\": \"As you're deciding whether you want to become an architect, talk with licensed professionals to get a sense of what it takes to have a career in architecture.\\nContact architecture firms in your area and ask if you can set up informational interviews. Ask for architecture program recommendations and other advice.\\nFind a part-time job or internship at an architecture firm to get an even better sense of what the field is like.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fulfill Educational and Training Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Major in architecture.\", \"描述\": \"Research colleges and universities with strong architecture programs. Make sure the program you choose is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB).\\nSome schools offer five-year programs that allow you to combine your bachelor's and master's degrees without the need to apply to separate programs.\\nArt, math, environmental design, and other relevant majors are also appropriate choices to prepare you for a career in architecture. Just make sure you've taken the courses required to apply to graduate programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a graduate degree in architecture from a program accredited by the NAAB.\", \"描述\": \"If you did not enter a five-year combined bachelor's and master's program, you will need a master's in architecture after completing your undergraduate degree. Programs can focus on areas such as innovation, modern design, restoration, or even environmentally-friendly design. Research programs that meet your needs and personality.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the Architectural Experience Program (AXP) administered by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB).\", \"描述\": \"Each state requires that potential architects gain professional experience before they are granted licensure. In most states, this requirement can be met by completing the AXP. Through the AXP, you'll learn how to safely and competently handle the scenarios you’ll face as an architect. With broad experience areas that reflect the current phases of practice, the program prepares you for everything from site design to project management.\\nYou can begin gaining experience toward the AXP after graduating high school. Time spent working in an architecture firm or volunteering for a design nonprofit may count toward the AXP.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass all divisions of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).\", \"描述\": \"The ARE is currently available in two versions, ARE 4.0 and ARE 5.0, and assesses whether the licensure candidate has the knowledge and skills needed to fulfill the role of an architect.\\nARE 4.0 contains seven divisions and will be offered until June 30, 2018. ARE 5.0 features six divisions organized around the progression of a typical architecture project.\\nConsider taking a seminar or study course to prepare for the ARE.\\nMany valuable study resources can also be found at ncarb.org.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed as an Architect\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain your initial license.\", \"描述\": \"Contact the architecture registration board in the state where you will be practicing to find out the requirements you must meet for initial licensure, in addition to completing AXP and passing the ARE.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get NCARB certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have your initial license, you can apply for an NCARB Certificate. This credential shows that you have met the highest professional standards possible, and allows you to work with clients across states and countries.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start practicing.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your educational path and personal interests, join a firm that focuses on a residential building, commercial building, or both. Consider operating as a consultant as a way to get your feet wet.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The educational, training and licensure requirements specified apply to architects practicing in the United States. Different requirements apply to those practicing outside the US.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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5,939 |
How to Become an Archivist
|
1. Getting an Education
1-1. Get a master’s degree in library science (MLIS).
An MLIS is the most common educational requirement for becoming an archivist. The best MLIS programs will have a curriculum enriched by courses in record keeping, archival administration, and born-digital documents that can familiarize you with archival processes and practice.
MLIS courses will offer training in both libraries and archives. Most MLIS programs focus more on libraries than on archives, but tend to balance in the other direction.
Coursework will prepare you to organize and retrieve information, develop indexes and catalogs for library users, and teach you to use the controlled vocabularies of your national library classification system.
To get into a graduate program in history, you will need an undergraduate degree, but MLIS students tend to come from a wide range of undergraduate backgrounds. If you're interested in general archival work, an undergraduate degree in history or museum studies could help. If you want to work with electronic archives, a degree in computer science or digital technology might help.
1-2. Get a degree in history.
Instead of (or in addition to) an MLIS degree, an advanced degree in history may also provide you with a route into archival work. This is especially true when you want to work in a particular archive or a particular field of archival science.
For instance, if your long-term goal is to work at an archive specializing in early American history, you’d have a better chance of finding work at such an institution if you’ve done graduate-level academic work in early American history.
To get into a graduate program in history, you typically need an undergraduate degree in a related field. Specifications vary depending on the school you're applying to. Undergraduate degrees in history, political science, or sociology will probably best enable you to enter and succeed in a graduate-level history program.
A graduate program in history will require several years of seminar courses on various topics in history.
Master's degrees typically require a thesis based on original historical research.
PhDs require a longer and more intense research process which results in a dissertation. PhD candidates are also expected to pass series of comprehensive exams that test your general knowledge of broad historical themes.
1-3. Get an archival science degree.
A small but growing number of schools now offer degrees in archival science. These programs are less common than those in history or library science, but they offer another great way to prepare for a career in archival work. In such a program, you’ll be able to learn about provenance, archival theory, arrangement, and description of archival materials.
Longer master's degree programs typically require the production of a thesis that closely examines a relevant topic or problem in archival science.
If you can’t get an advanced degree in archival science, you might be able to complete a shorter certificate program that focuses on archival studies.
Certification programs can often be completed in two or three semesters.
1-4. Obtain another specialized degree.
Several other advanced educational degrees might prove useful in pursuit of archival work. These degrees include public administration, political science, museum studies, and public history.
A law degree might be of use in obtaining work in a legal archive.
English and other liberal arts courses that emphasize writing and research can be beneficial for budding archivists.
The applicability of a particular degree to a particular job in an archive largely depends on the needs of the institution.
2. Developing Your Skills
2-1. Sharpen your research and writing skills.
Since researchers -- including historians, sociologists, journalists, lawyers, and political scientists -- are the primary archival users, understanding the research process and knowing what sort of sources could be useful can make you a more effective archivist. The best way to develop strong research and writing skills is to earn a degree in history, English, sociology, or another research and writing-intensive major.
You could also sharpen your writing skills by publishing a blog about a topic you are interested in but know little about.
Since it can be difficult or impossible to objectively evaluate the quality of your own research and writing, show your work to strong writers and ask for feedback.
Join a writing club in your area (preferably one that focuses on nonfiction writing) to connect with others who can help you develop strong research and writing abilities.
Strong research and writing skills can help you draft useful finding aids -- the guides that let archival users know what the archive contains.
2-2. Select a specialization.
Having a special area of knowledge can make you more attractive for archival institutions. These specializations are both topical and format-based. Topical specializations include advanced knowledge of a particular collections area such as labor, Asian-American history, modern British culture, ecology, and so on. Format-based archival specialization includes familiarity with a particular type of archival material, including photographs, digital records, cassette tapes, and so on.
The utility of a particular specialization is impossible to gauge, since each archival institution has different collections policies and needs.
2-3. Obtain professional certification.
While professional certification is not always necessary to obtain work as an archivist, it certainly enhances your resume. The particular process by which you obtain certification depends on the certifying organization.
Generally, however, you will need to register for a certification exam and pay an application fee.
The specific areas of archival science on the certification exam vary depending on the organization. Take advantage of online study guides provided by the certifying organization to identify the topics the exam addresses.
If possible, take sample exams in order to familiarize yourself with the sorts of questions you’ll encounter.
Professional certification might not be offered year round. Contact the certifying organization for more information about when and where you can take the certification exam.
2-4. Learn a foreign language.
Many archives contain documents in foreign languages. While the applicability of this skill depends on the institution to which you apply for work, if you know that you are interested in working in an archive that deals largely or primarily with foreign-language documents, learn to read that language.
3. Gaining Professional Experience
3-1. Join a professional organization.
Most countries have local and/or national archivist organizations. These organizations can be important sources of information and career advice for people like you who are trying to get their foot in the door. They also host conferences where you can network with other archivists and learn about current trends in archival practice. Finally, some professional organizations offer mentor programs that pair you with an experienced archivist to help you achieve your career goals.
3-2. Volunteer at an archive.
Local history museums and historical institutions often need volunteers. As an archival volunteer, you might gain hands-on experience in processing, arrangement, description, and digitization. This volunteer experience looks great on a resume when you go out to look for a job as an archivist.
Many archival science programs require students to conduct a practicum as part of their degree requirements. This volunteer experience is also useful for professional development.
If possible, volunteer or do your practicum at an institution similar to one where you wish to obtain work as an archivist.
For instance, if you want to specialize in labor archives, volunteer at a museum that deals with labor or labor issues, or request to work on a collection pertaining primarily to labor issues.
3-3. Search for a job in an archive.
Once you’ve met the relevant educational requirements for work as an archivist, start checking job boards for archival work. Take advantage of your network in order to find work opportunities, too. Former classmates, professors, and mentors can be of great help in the job hunt. Apply to as many jobs as you can.
If you’re finding that you’re having a hard time finding jobs that are relevant to your skill set, consider getting an additional degree.
For instance, if your history degree alone seems to be insufficient in helping you get a job as an archivist, consider going back to school for an MLIS degree or a certificate in archival administration.
3-4. Write a resume and cover letter.
The process of writing a cover letter and resume will vary depending on the archive you're applying to. Tailor a general resume and cover letter to the specific job you're applying to.
For instance, if the archive is looking for someone skilled with born-digital documents, highlight any experience you've had working with such materials.
Emphasize how your education, volunteer experiences, and relevant personality traits (such as being detail-oriented, creative, and capable of working both alone and on a team) would make you a strong asset to the archive.
3-5. Apply for the job.
With your customized resume and cover letter in hand, you're ready to send it in. Most archives will ask you to send an email including your cover letter and resume. In this case, you can usually just copy and paste the cover letter into your email. Other archives might want you to apply through an online portal, in which case you'll have to upload your resume and cover letter.
Unless otherwise directed, call the archive after a few days to follow up on your application. This will show you are interested in the job.
For example, ask the archivist "Have you gotten a chance to look over my resume yet? I'd love to talk more about how my skill set could contribute to the successful operation of your archive."
Tips
Archivists work for all sorts of public and private institutions, including zoos, museums, art galleries, auction houses, and nature centers.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education\\n1-1. Get a master’s degree in library science (MLIS).\\nAn MLIS is the most common educational requirement for becoming an archivist. The best MLIS programs will have a curriculum enriched by courses in record keeping, archival administration, and born-digital documents that can familiarize you with archival processes and practice.\\nMLIS courses will offer training in both libraries and archives. Most MLIS programs focus more on libraries than on archives, but tend to balance in the other direction.\\nCoursework will prepare you to organize and retrieve information, develop indexes and catalogs for library users, and teach you to use the controlled vocabularies of your national library classification system.\\nTo get into a graduate program in history, you will need an undergraduate degree, but MLIS students tend to come from a wide range of undergraduate backgrounds. If you're interested in general archival work, an undergraduate degree in history or museum studies could help. If you want to work with electronic archives, a degree in computer science or digital technology might help.\\n1-2. Get a degree in history.\\nInstead of (or in addition to) an MLIS degree, an advanced degree in history may also provide you with a route into archival work. This is especially true when you want to work in a particular archive or a particular field of archival science.\\nFor instance, if your long-term goal is to work at an archive specializing in early American history, you’d have a better chance of finding work at such an institution if you’ve done graduate-level academic work in early American history.\\nTo get into a graduate program in history, you typically need an undergraduate degree in a related field. Specifications vary depending on the school you're applying to. Undergraduate degrees in history, political science, or sociology will probably best enable you to enter and succeed in a graduate-level history program.\\nA graduate program in history will require several years of seminar courses on various topics in history.\\nMaster's degrees typically require a thesis based on original historical research.\\nPhDs require a longer and more intense research process which results in a dissertation. PhD candidates are also expected to pass series of comprehensive exams that test your general knowledge of broad historical themes.\\n1-3. Get an archival science degree.\\nA small but growing number of schools now offer degrees in archival science. These programs are less common than those in history or library science, but they offer another great way to prepare for a career in archival work. In such a program, you’ll be able to learn about provenance, archival theory, arrangement, and description of archival materials.\\nLonger master's degree programs typically require the production of a thesis that closely examines a relevant topic or problem in archival science.\\nIf you can’t get an advanced degree in archival science, you might be able to complete a shorter certificate program that focuses on archival studies.\\nCertification programs can often be completed in two or three semesters.\\n1-4. Obtain another specialized degree.\\nSeveral other advanced educational degrees might prove useful in pursuit of archival work. These degrees include public administration, political science, museum studies, and public history.\\nA law degree might be of use in obtaining work in a legal archive.\\nEnglish and other liberal arts courses that emphasize writing and research can be beneficial for budding archivists.\\nThe applicability of a particular degree to a particular job in an archive largely depends on the needs of the institution.\\n2. Developing Your Skills\\n2-1. Sharpen your research and writing skills.\\nSince researchers -- including historians, sociologists, journalists, lawyers, and political scientists -- are the primary archival users, understanding the research process and knowing what sort of sources could be useful can make you a more effective archivist. The best way to develop strong research and writing skills is to earn a degree in history, English, sociology, or another research and writing-intensive major.\\nYou could also sharpen your writing skills by publishing a blog about a topic you are interested in but know little about.\\nSince it can be difficult or impossible to objectively evaluate the quality of your own research and writing, show your work to strong writers and ask for feedback.\\nJoin a writing club in your area (preferably one that focuses on nonfiction writing) to connect with others who can help you develop strong research and writing abilities.\\nStrong research and writing skills can help you draft useful finding aids -- the guides that let archival users know what the archive contains.\\n2-2. Select a specialization.\\nHaving a special area of knowledge can make you more attractive for archival institutions. These specializations are both topical and format-based. Topical specializations include advanced knowledge of a particular collections area such as labor, Asian-American history, modern British culture, ecology, and so on. Format-based archival specialization includes familiarity with a particular type of archival material, including photographs, digital records, cassette tapes, and so on.\\nThe utility of a particular specialization is impossible to gauge, since each archival institution has different collections policies and needs.\\n2-3. Obtain professional certification.\\nWhile professional certification is not always necessary to obtain work as an archivist, it certainly enhances your resume. The particular process by which you obtain certification depends on the certifying organization.\\nGenerally, however, you will need to register for a certification exam and pay an application fee.\\nThe specific areas of archival science on the certification exam vary depending on the organization. Take advantage of online study guides provided by the certifying organization to identify the topics the exam addresses.\\nIf possible, take sample exams in order to familiarize yourself with the sorts of questions you’ll encounter.\\nProfessional certification might not be offered year round. Contact the certifying organization for more information about when and where you can take the certification exam.\\n2-4. Learn a foreign language.\\nMany archives contain documents in foreign languages. While the applicability of this skill depends on the institution to which you apply for work, if you know that you are interested in working in an archive that deals largely or primarily with foreign-language documents, learn to read that language.\\n3. Gaining Professional Experience\\n3-1. Join a professional organization.\\nMost countries have local and/or national archivist organizations. These organizations can be important sources of information and career advice for people like you who are trying to get their foot in the door. They also host conferences where you can network with other archivists and learn about current trends in archival practice. Finally, some professional organizations offer mentor programs that pair you with an experienced archivist to help you achieve your career goals.\\n3-2. Volunteer at an archive.\\nLocal history museums and historical institutions often need volunteers. As an archival volunteer, you might gain hands-on experience in processing, arrangement, description, and digitization. This volunteer experience looks great on a resume when you go out to look for a job as an archivist.\\nMany archival science programs require students to conduct a practicum as part of their degree requirements. This volunteer experience is also useful for professional development.\\nIf possible, volunteer or do your practicum at an institution similar to one where you wish to obtain work as an archivist.\\nFor instance, if you want to specialize in labor archives, volunteer at a museum that deals with labor or labor issues, or request to work on a collection pertaining primarily to labor issues.\\n3-3. Search for a job in an archive.\\nOnce you’ve met the relevant educational requirements for work as an archivist, start checking job boards for archival work. Take advantage of your network in order to find work opportunities, too. Former classmates, professors, and mentors can be of great help in the job hunt. Apply to as many jobs as you can.\\nIf you’re finding that you’re having a hard time finding jobs that are relevant to your skill set, consider getting an additional degree.\\nFor instance, if your history degree alone seems to be insufficient in helping you get a job as an archivist, consider going back to school for an MLIS degree or a certificate in archival administration.\\n3-4. Write a resume and cover letter.\\nThe process of writing a cover letter and resume will vary depending on the archive you're applying to. Tailor a general resume and cover letter to the specific job you're applying to.\\nFor instance, if the archive is looking for someone skilled with born-digital documents, highlight any experience you've had working with such materials.\\nEmphasize how your education, volunteer experiences, and relevant personality traits (such as being detail-oriented, creative, and capable of working both alone and on a team) would make you a strong asset to the archive.\\n3-5. Apply for the job.\\nWith your customized resume and cover letter in hand, you're ready to send it in. Most archives will ask you to send an email including your cover letter and resume. In this case, you can usually just copy and paste the cover letter into your email. Other archives might want you to apply through an online portal, in which case you'll have to upload your resume and cover letter.\\nUnless otherwise directed, call the archive after a few days to follow up on your application. This will show you are interested in the job.\\nFor example, ask the archivist \\\"Have you gotten a chance to look over my resume yet? I'd love to talk more about how my skill set could contribute to the successful operation of your archive.\\\"\\nTips\\nArchivists work for all sorts of public and private institutions, including zoos, museums, art galleries, auction houses, and nature centers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are many paths to becoming an archivist, but a useful first step is getting an advanced degree (either a master’s or doctoral degree) in a relevant field. Most archivists have degrees in history and/or library science, but other degree programs might also prove useful. Develop your skills by joining a professional archival science organization, gaining certification, and attending conferences. Once you have a degree and some relevant skills, check job boards to gain employment. If you can’t find a job right away, volunteer at your local museum or other archival institution to acquire some useful experience.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a master’s degree in library science (MLIS).\", \"描述\": \"An MLIS is the most common educational requirement for becoming an archivist. The best MLIS programs will have a curriculum enriched by courses in record keeping, archival administration, and born-digital documents that can familiarize you with archival processes and practice.\\nMLIS courses will offer training in both libraries and archives. Most MLIS programs focus more on libraries than on archives, but tend to balance in the other direction.\\nCoursework will prepare you to organize and retrieve information, develop indexes and catalogs for library users, and teach you to use the controlled vocabularies of your national library classification system.\\nTo get into a graduate program in history, you will need an undergraduate degree, but MLIS students tend to come from a wide range of undergraduate backgrounds. If you're interested in general archival work, an undergraduate degree in history or museum studies could help. If you want to work with electronic archives, a degree in computer science or digital technology might help.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a degree in history.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of (or in addition to) an MLIS degree, an advanced degree in history may also provide you with a route into archival work. This is especially true when you want to work in a particular archive or a particular field of archival science.\\nFor instance, if your long-term goal is to work at an archive specializing in early American history, you’d have a better chance of finding work at such an institution if you’ve done graduate-level academic work in early American history.\\nTo get into a graduate program in history, you typically need an undergraduate degree in a related field. Specifications vary depending on the school you're applying to. Undergraduate degrees in history, political science, or sociology will probably best enable you to enter and succeed in a graduate-level history program.\\nA graduate program in history will require several years of seminar courses on various topics in history.\\nMaster's degrees typically require a thesis based on original historical research.\\nPhDs require a longer and more intense research process which results in a dissertation. PhD candidates are also expected to pass series of comprehensive exams that test your general knowledge of broad historical themes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get an archival science degree.\", \"描述\": \"A small but growing number of schools now offer degrees in archival science. These programs are less common than those in history or library science, but they offer another great way to prepare for a career in archival work. In such a program, you’ll be able to learn about provenance, archival theory, arrangement, and description of archival materials.\\nLonger master's degree programs typically require the production of a thesis that closely examines a relevant topic or problem in archival science.\\nIf you can’t get an advanced degree in archival science, you might be able to complete a shorter certificate program that focuses on archival studies.\\nCertification programs can often be completed in two or three semesters.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain another specialized degree.\", \"描述\": \"Several other advanced educational degrees might prove useful in pursuit of archival work. These degrees include public administration, political science, museum studies, and public history.\\nA law degree might be of use in obtaining work in a legal archive.\\nEnglish and other liberal arts courses that emphasize writing and research can be beneficial for budding archivists.\\nThe applicability of a particular degree to a particular job in an archive largely depends on the needs of the institution.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sharpen your research and writing skills.\", \"描述\": \"Since researchers -- including historians, sociologists, journalists, lawyers, and political scientists -- are the primary archival users, understanding the research process and knowing what sort of sources could be useful can make you a more effective archivist. The best way to develop strong research and writing skills is to earn a degree in history, English, sociology, or another research and writing-intensive major.\\nYou could also sharpen your writing skills by publishing a blog about a topic you are interested in but know little about.\\nSince it can be difficult or impossible to objectively evaluate the quality of your own research and writing, show your work to strong writers and ask for feedback.\\nJoin a writing club in your area (preferably one that focuses on nonfiction writing) to connect with others who can help you develop strong research and writing abilities.\\nStrong research and writing skills can help you draft useful finding aids -- the guides that let archival users know what the archive contains.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a specialization.\", \"描述\": \"Having a special area of knowledge can make you more attractive for archival institutions. These specializations are both topical and format-based. Topical specializations include advanced knowledge of a particular collections area such as labor, Asian-American history, modern British culture, ecology, and so on. Format-based archival specialization includes familiarity with a particular type of archival material, including photographs, digital records, cassette tapes, and so on.\\nThe utility of a particular specialization is impossible to gauge, since each archival institution has different collections policies and needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain professional certification.\", \"描述\": \"While professional certification is not always necessary to obtain work as an archivist, it certainly enhances your resume. The particular process by which you obtain certification depends on the certifying organization.\\nGenerally, however, you will need to register for a certification exam and pay an application fee.\\nThe specific areas of archival science on the certification exam vary depending on the organization. Take advantage of online study guides provided by the certifying organization to identify the topics the exam addresses.\\nIf possible, take sample exams in order to familiarize yourself with the sorts of questions you’ll encounter.\\nProfessional certification might not be offered year round. Contact the certifying organization for more information about when and where you can take the certification exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn a foreign language.\", \"描述\": \"Many archives contain documents in foreign languages. While the applicability of this skill depends on the institution to which you apply for work, if you know that you are interested in working in an archive that deals largely or primarily with foreign-language documents, learn to read that language.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gaining Professional Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a professional organization.\", \"描述\": \"Most countries have local and/or national archivist organizations. These organizations can be important sources of information and career advice for people like you who are trying to get their foot in the door. They also host conferences where you can network with other archivists and learn about current trends in archival practice. Finally, some professional organizations offer mentor programs that pair you with an experienced archivist to help you achieve your career goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer at an archive.\", \"描述\": \"Local history museums and historical institutions often need volunteers. As an archival volunteer, you might gain hands-on experience in processing, arrangement, description, and digitization. This volunteer experience looks great on a resume when you go out to look for a job as an archivist.\\nMany archival science programs require students to conduct a practicum as part of their degree requirements. This volunteer experience is also useful for professional development.\\nIf possible, volunteer or do your practicum at an institution similar to one where you wish to obtain work as an archivist.\\nFor instance, if you want to specialize in labor archives, volunteer at a museum that deals with labor or labor issues, or request to work on a collection pertaining primarily to labor issues.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search for a job in an archive.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve met the relevant educational requirements for work as an archivist, start checking job boards for archival work. Take advantage of your network in order to find work opportunities, too. Former classmates, professors, and mentors can be of great help in the job hunt. Apply to as many jobs as you can.\\nIf you’re finding that you’re having a hard time finding jobs that are relevant to your skill set, consider getting an additional degree.\\nFor instance, if your history degree alone seems to be insufficient in helping you get a job as an archivist, consider going back to school for an MLIS degree or a certificate in archival administration.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write a resume and cover letter.\", \"描述\": \"The process of writing a cover letter and resume will vary depending on the archive you're applying to. Tailor a general resume and cover letter to the specific job you're applying to.\\nFor instance, if the archive is looking for someone skilled with born-digital documents, highlight any experience you've had working with such materials.\\nEmphasize how your education, volunteer experiences, and relevant personality traits (such as being detail-oriented, creative, and capable of working both alone and on a team) would make you a strong asset to the archive.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for the job.\", \"描述\": \"With your customized resume and cover letter in hand, you're ready to send it in. Most archives will ask you to send an email including your cover letter and resume. In this case, you can usually just copy and paste the cover letter into your email. Other archives might want you to apply through an online portal, in which case you'll have to upload your resume and cover letter.\\nUnless otherwise directed, call the archive after a few days to follow up on your application. This will show you are interested in the job.\\nFor example, ask the archivist \\\"Have you gotten a chance to look over my resume yet? I'd love to talk more about how my skill set could contribute to the successful operation of your archive.\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Archivists work for all sorts of public and private institutions, including zoos, museums, art galleries, auction houses, and nature centers.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,940 |
How to Become an Army Combat Medic
|
1. Joining the Army
1-1. Meet a recruiter.
Find a local recruiter and discuss whether the Army is the right fit for you. A recruiter will be able to answer any questions you might have about serving in the Army and whether or not being a medic is the right fit. At your initial interview, the will also ask you a number of questions to determine whether you are eligible for serve.
The recruiter will ask you about your education level, criminal history, age, marital/dependency status, and your physical condition.
Think of this meeting as a job interview with the recruiter evaluating your fitness to serve.
1-2. Make sure you have the required documents.
When you meet with the recruiter, it is important to bring required documents. These documents will prove you are who you say you are and ensure that you meet the Army's requirements.
Bring a social security card, driver's license, high school diploma or GED, and a direct deposit form. If you are married or have children, you will need to bring information about any dependents.
The Army will also run a background check on you.
1-3. Take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB).
Once you have met with the recruiter and provided all necessary documentation, you will schedule a time to take the ASVAB. This multiple choice test will highlight your strengths and pinpoint which Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) or job best suits you.
The ASVAB tests your knowledge of subjects like math, science, and reading. It will also test your understanding of electronics as well as mechanical and auto familiarity.
In order to be a medic you will need to score a 101 on the Skilled Technical and a 107 on the General Technical sections of the ASVAB.
1-4. Receive a physical fitness evaluation.
Your recruiter will help you schedule a physical examination at the nearest Military Entrance Processing States (MEPS). They will gauge whether you are healthy enough to serve in the military. They will also evaluate your psychological health as well.
During your visit to the MEPS, someone will guide you through which career opportunities will work best for you.
After your passing your physical, you will be sworn into the Army with the official Oath of Enlistment.
1-5. Talk with your family and friends.
Before you begin your journey to become an Army medic, you should first talk with your parents and other family members about serving in the U.S. military. Discuss with them about your desire to serve and what that means. Joining the U.S. armed forces is not an easy task and one that should not be taken lightly. Talking with others might give you some insights about why you want to serve and what your expectations are.
Chat with family members and friends who have served and inquire about their experiences.
2. Training to Become a Medic
2-1. Complete Basic Combat Training (BCT).
Once you are accepted into the United States military, you will begin the required physical and mental training to become a soldier. BCT consists of ten weeks of highly intense and challenge physical training as well as integration in the military way of life.
BCT occurs at several different locations across the United States.
2-2. Undergo Advanced Individual Training (AIT).
Depending on your ASVAB score, education background, and the Army's needs, you may be selected to become an Army medic. If selected, you will undergo Advanced Individual Training after completing basic training. At AIT, you will learn different medical treatments for wounded soldiers. This period can take 16 to 68 weeks to complete, depending on what different skills or training you complete.
Although the Army takes your interests into consideration, there is no guarantee you will get the assignment you desire. The Army makes its assignments based on its needs, as well as your test scores and individual skills.
Building some basic medical skills before entering the service may help you obtain a position as a medic, but it is not a guarantee that you will be placed as a medic.
AIT training occurs at Fort Sam Huston, Texas.
You will be trained to perform basic first aid, bandage wounds, start intravenous lines, and other practical field exercises.
Once you have completed AIT, you will receive the distinct of 68W (68 Whiskey) and be considered an Army Medic.
2-3. Be assigned to a unit.
Once you have completed AIT, you will be assigned to a unit. Depending on your capabilities and what you want to do, you could be assigned to a number of different roles, ranging from a front-line combat unit to a field hospital. In your new role, you could serve as a flight paramedic, a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), or many other specialties. Depending on your assignment, you will receive further training specific to your new role.
The civilian equivalent of a medic is an EMT.
Again, the Army's needs, with consideration of your skills, will largely dictate what type of unit you serve in.
2-4. Receive advanced training.
After you are assigned, your unit's Physician Assistant (PA) may prescribe you advanced training depending on your unit's role. This will be a series of lectures, seminars, and practical training that teaches you further medical skills.
Front-line combat medics receive training in venous cut-downs, the placement of chest tubes, and various methods to control bleeding.
Medics in medical units may learn to administer medications.
Others are trained to serve in field hospitals may learn plaster-casting techniques and the sterilizing of surgical equipment.
2-5. Participate in the Inter-service Physician Assistant Program (IPAP).
As a medic, you will be eligible to further your medical training as a Physician Assistant. Once you have completed the equivalent of a bachelor's degree and met the program's science requirements, you will be able to apply to the IPAP. After completing the two-year program, you will have a master's degree, an officer's commission, and the opportunity to apply for civilian certification.
IPAP training also occurs at Fort Sam Huston.
3. Training as a Special Operations Combat Medic (SOCM)
3-1. Become a Special Operations Combat Medic.
After completing your training to become an Army medic, you may want to serve as a special operations medic. SOCMs serve as medics in United States Special Forces units. Because these units operate on their own for large stretches of time, SOCMs are required to have a much broader medical knowledge. They need to be able to treat traumatic injuries as well as chromic injuries and illnesses.
These medics receive the skill identifier “W1” and serve with Special Forces units like the Rangers.
3-2. Complete Airborne School.
After completing CBT and AIT, you will volunteer to attend Airborne School, a three week program at Fort Benning, Georgia, where you learn the basic paratrooper training. Receiving and passing military parachutist instruction is a requirement of obtaining further special forces training.
Airborne School is also widely known as Jump School.
3-3. Pass the Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP).
Once you are accepted into the special forces training program, you will complete RASP, which is the Army Ranger training program. RASP is a physically and psychologically intensive program designed to prepare typically new recruits for assignment to the 75th Ranger Regiment. All soldiers seeking to be SOCM must complete RASP.
RASP is an eight-week course that is held at Fort Benning, Georgia.
3-4. Take the pre-SOCM program.
Before beginning official SOCM training, you will receive a six-week civilian college course in physiology and anatomy at Columbus State University. These courses are designed as a crash course intended to give you base of knowledge about the human body.
All classes must be passed with an 80% or higher, or the student will not be able to proceed with their training.
3-5. Finish the SOCM Course.
The SOCM course consists of six 6-week blocks of training and a 4-week clinical rotation. Courses are inter-service and include Special Forces “operators” from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. This is a highly competitive training environment that is both mentally and physically strenuous.
The six course blocks for SOCM are EMT-Basic, Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical Medicine, Trauma 1, Trauma 2, and Trauma 3.
Once you have completed SOCM training, you will have the medical knowledge equivalent of a Nurse Practitioner or a Physician Assistant.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:13",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Joining the Army\\n1-1. Meet a recruiter.\\nFind a local recruiter and discuss whether the Army is the right fit for you. A recruiter will be able to answer any questions you might have about serving in the Army and whether or not being a medic is the right fit. At your initial interview, the will also ask you a number of questions to determine whether you are eligible for serve.\\nThe recruiter will ask you about your education level, criminal history, age, marital/dependency status, and your physical condition.\\nThink of this meeting as a job interview with the recruiter evaluating your fitness to serve.\\n1-2. Make sure you have the required documents.\\nWhen you meet with the recruiter, it is important to bring required documents. These documents will prove you are who you say you are and ensure that you meet the Army's requirements.\\nBring a social security card, driver's license, high school diploma or GED, and a direct deposit form. If you are married or have children, you will need to bring information about any dependents.\\nThe Army will also run a background check on you.\\n1-3. Take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB).\\nOnce you have met with the recruiter and provided all necessary documentation, you will schedule a time to take the ASVAB. This multiple choice test will highlight your strengths and pinpoint which Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) or job best suits you. \\nThe ASVAB tests your knowledge of subjects like math, science, and reading. It will also test your understanding of electronics as well as mechanical and auto familiarity. \\nIn order to be a medic you will need to score a 101 on the Skilled Technical and a 107 on the General Technical sections of the ASVAB.\\n1-4. Receive a physical fitness evaluation.\\nYour recruiter will help you schedule a physical examination at the nearest Military Entrance Processing States (MEPS). They will gauge whether you are healthy enough to serve in the military. They will also evaluate your psychological health as well.\\nDuring your visit to the MEPS, someone will guide you through which career opportunities will work best for you.\\nAfter your passing your physical, you will be sworn into the Army with the official Oath of Enlistment.\\n1-5. Talk with your family and friends.\\nBefore you begin your journey to become an Army medic, you should first talk with your parents and other family members about serving in the U.S. military. Discuss with them about your desire to serve and what that means. Joining the U.S. armed forces is not an easy task and one that should not be taken lightly. Talking with others might give you some insights about why you want to serve and what your expectations are.\\nChat with family members and friends who have served and inquire about their experiences.\\n2. Training to Become a Medic\\n2-1. Complete Basic Combat Training (BCT).\\nOnce you are accepted into the United States military, you will begin the required physical and mental training to become a soldier. BCT consists of ten weeks of highly intense and challenge physical training as well as integration in the military way of life.\\nBCT occurs at several different locations across the United States.\\n2-2. Undergo Advanced Individual Training (AIT).\\nDepending on your ASVAB score, education background, and the Army's needs, you may be selected to become an Army medic. If selected, you will undergo Advanced Individual Training after completing basic training. At AIT, you will learn different medical treatments for wounded soldiers. This period can take 16 to 68 weeks to complete, depending on what different skills or training you complete.\\nAlthough the Army takes your interests into consideration, there is no guarantee you will get the assignment you desire. The Army makes its assignments based on its needs, as well as your test scores and individual skills.\\nBuilding some basic medical skills before entering the service may help you obtain a position as a medic, but it is not a guarantee that you will be placed as a medic.\\nAIT training occurs at Fort Sam Huston, Texas.\\nYou will be trained to perform basic first aid, bandage wounds, start intravenous lines, and other practical field exercises.\\nOnce you have completed AIT, you will receive the distinct of 68W (68 Whiskey) and be considered an Army Medic.\\n2-3. Be assigned to a unit.\\nOnce you have completed AIT, you will be assigned to a unit. Depending on your capabilities and what you want to do, you could be assigned to a number of different roles, ranging from a front-line combat unit to a field hospital. In your new role, you could serve as a flight paramedic, a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), or many other specialties. Depending on your assignment, you will receive further training specific to your new role.\\nThe civilian equivalent of a medic is an EMT.\\nAgain, the Army's needs, with consideration of your skills, will largely dictate what type of unit you serve in.\\n2-4. Receive advanced training.\\nAfter you are assigned, your unit's Physician Assistant (PA) may prescribe you advanced training depending on your unit's role. This will be a series of lectures, seminars, and practical training that teaches you further medical skills.\\nFront-line combat medics receive training in venous cut-downs, the placement of chest tubes, and various methods to control bleeding.\\nMedics in medical units may learn to administer medications.\\nOthers are trained to serve in field hospitals may learn plaster-casting techniques and the sterilizing of surgical equipment.\\n2-5. Participate in the Inter-service Physician Assistant Program (IPAP).\\nAs a medic, you will be eligible to further your medical training as a Physician Assistant. Once you have completed the equivalent of a bachelor's degree and met the program's science requirements, you will be able to apply to the IPAP. After completing the two-year program, you will have a master's degree, an officer's commission, and the opportunity to apply for civilian certification.\\nIPAP training also occurs at Fort Sam Huston.\\n3. Training as a Special Operations Combat Medic (SOCM)\\n3-1. Become a Special Operations Combat Medic.\\nAfter completing your training to become an Army medic, you may want to serve as a special operations medic. SOCMs serve as medics in United States Special Forces units. Because these units operate on their own for large stretches of time, SOCMs are required to have a much broader medical knowledge. They need to be able to treat traumatic injuries as well as chromic injuries and illnesses.\\nThese medics receive the skill identifier “W1” and serve with Special Forces units like the Rangers.\\n3-2. Complete Airborne School.\\nAfter completing CBT and AIT, you will volunteer to attend Airborne School, a three week program at Fort Benning, Georgia, where you learn the basic paratrooper training. Receiving and passing military parachutist instruction is a requirement of obtaining further special forces training.\\nAirborne School is also widely known as Jump School.\\n3-3. Pass the Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP).\\nOnce you are accepted into the special forces training program, you will complete RASP, which is the Army Ranger training program. RASP is a physically and psychologically intensive program designed to prepare typically new recruits for assignment to the 75th Ranger Regiment. All soldiers seeking to be SOCM must complete RASP.\\nRASP is an eight-week course that is held at Fort Benning, Georgia.\\n3-4. Take the pre-SOCM program.\\nBefore beginning official SOCM training, you will receive a six-week civilian college course in physiology and anatomy at Columbus State University. These courses are designed as a crash course intended to give you base of knowledge about the human body.\\nAll classes must be passed with an 80% or higher, or the student will not be able to proceed with their training.\\n3-5. Finish the SOCM Course.\\nThe SOCM course consists of six 6-week blocks of training and a 4-week clinical rotation. Courses are inter-service and include Special Forces “operators” from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. This is a highly competitive training environment that is both mentally and physically strenuous.\\nThe six course blocks for SOCM are EMT-Basic, Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical Medicine, Trauma 1, Trauma 2, and Trauma 3.\\nOnce you have completed SOCM training, you will have the medical knowledge equivalent of a Nurse Practitioner or a Physician Assistant.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Medics, or healthcare specialists, in the United States Army provide medical treatment to wounded soldiers. They provide emergency medical treatment to soldiers on the frontlines as well as healthcare in facilities, like hospitals and clinics. With the right training, a healthcare specialist can advance to become the civilian equivalent of a Physician Assistant or become a Special Operations Combat Medic.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Joining the Army\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet a recruiter.\", \"描述\": \"Find a local recruiter and discuss whether the Army is the right fit for you. A recruiter will be able to answer any questions you might have about serving in the Army and whether or not being a medic is the right fit. At your initial interview, the will also ask you a number of questions to determine whether you are eligible for serve.\\nThe recruiter will ask you about your education level, criminal history, age, marital/dependency status, and your physical condition.\\nThink of this meeting as a job interview with the recruiter evaluating your fitness to serve.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have the required documents.\", \"描述\": \"When you meet with the recruiter, it is important to bring required documents. These documents will prove you are who you say you are and ensure that you meet the Army's requirements.\\nBring a social security card, driver's license, high school diploma or GED, and a direct deposit form. If you are married or have children, you will need to bring information about any dependents.\\nThe Army will also run a background check on you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB).\", \"描述\": \"Once you have met with the recruiter and provided all necessary documentation, you will schedule a time to take the ASVAB. This multiple choice test will highlight your strengths and pinpoint which Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) or job best suits you. \\nThe ASVAB tests your knowledge of subjects like math, science, and reading. It will also test your understanding of electronics as well as mechanical and auto familiarity. \\nIn order to be a medic you will need to score a 101 on the Skilled Technical and a 107 on the General Technical sections of the ASVAB.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Receive a physical fitness evaluation.\", \"描述\": \"Your recruiter will help you schedule a physical examination at the nearest Military Entrance Processing States (MEPS). They will gauge whether you are healthy enough to serve in the military. They will also evaluate your psychological health as well.\\nDuring your visit to the MEPS, someone will guide you through which career opportunities will work best for you.\\nAfter your passing your physical, you will be sworn into the Army with the official Oath of Enlistment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Talk with your family and friends.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin your journey to become an Army medic, you should first talk with your parents and other family members about serving in the U.S. military. Discuss with them about your desire to serve and what that means. Joining the U.S. armed forces is not an easy task and one that should not be taken lightly. Talking with others might give you some insights about why you want to serve and what your expectations are.\\nChat with family members and friends who have served and inquire about their experiences.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training to Become a Medic\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete Basic Combat Training (BCT).\", \"描述\": \"Once you are accepted into the United States military, you will begin the required physical and mental training to become a soldier. BCT consists of ten weeks of highly intense and challenge physical training as well as integration in the military way of life.\\nBCT occurs at several different locations across the United States.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Undergo Advanced Individual Training (AIT).\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your ASVAB score, education background, and the Army's needs, you may be selected to become an Army medic. If selected, you will undergo Advanced Individual Training after completing basic training. At AIT, you will learn different medical treatments for wounded soldiers. This period can take 16 to 68 weeks to complete, depending on what different skills or training you complete.\\nAlthough the Army takes your interests into consideration, there is no guarantee you will get the assignment you desire. The Army makes its assignments based on its needs, as well as your test scores and individual skills.\\nBuilding some basic medical skills before entering the service may help you obtain a position as a medic, but it is not a guarantee that you will be placed as a medic.\\nAIT training occurs at Fort Sam Huston, Texas.\\nYou will be trained to perform basic first aid, bandage wounds, start intravenous lines, and other practical field exercises.\\nOnce you have completed AIT, you will receive the distinct of 68W (68 Whiskey) and be considered an Army Medic.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be assigned to a unit.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed AIT, you will be assigned to a unit. Depending on your capabilities and what you want to do, you could be assigned to a number of different roles, ranging from a front-line combat unit to a field hospital. In your new role, you could serve as a flight paramedic, a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), or many other specialties. Depending on your assignment, you will receive further training specific to your new role.\\nThe civilian equivalent of a medic is an EMT.\\nAgain, the Army's needs, with consideration of your skills, will largely dictate what type of unit you serve in.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Receive advanced training.\", \"描述\": \"After you are assigned, your unit's Physician Assistant (PA) may prescribe you advanced training depending on your unit's role. This will be a series of lectures, seminars, and practical training that teaches you further medical skills.\\nFront-line combat medics receive training in venous cut-downs, the placement of chest tubes, and various methods to control bleeding.\\nMedics in medical units may learn to administer medications.\\nOthers are trained to serve in field hospitals may learn plaster-casting techniques and the sterilizing of surgical equipment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Participate in the Inter-service Physician Assistant Program (IPAP).\", \"描述\": \"As a medic, you will be eligible to further your medical training as a Physician Assistant. Once you have completed the equivalent of a bachelor's degree and met the program's science requirements, you will be able to apply to the IPAP. After completing the two-year program, you will have a master's degree, an officer's commission, and the opportunity to apply for civilian certification.\\nIPAP training also occurs at Fort Sam Huston.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Training as a Special Operations Combat Medic (SOCM)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a Special Operations Combat Medic.\", \"描述\": \"After completing your training to become an Army medic, you may want to serve as a special operations medic. SOCMs serve as medics in United States Special Forces units. Because these units operate on their own for large stretches of time, SOCMs are required to have a much broader medical knowledge. They need to be able to treat traumatic injuries as well as chromic injuries and illnesses.\\nThese medics receive the skill identifier “W1” and serve with Special Forces units like the Rangers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete Airborne School.\", \"描述\": \"After completing CBT and AIT, you will volunteer to attend Airborne School, a three week program at Fort Benning, Georgia, where you learn the basic paratrooper training. Receiving and passing military parachutist instruction is a requirement of obtaining further special forces training.\\nAirborne School is also widely known as Jump School.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP).\", \"描述\": \"Once you are accepted into the special forces training program, you will complete RASP, which is the Army Ranger training program. RASP is a physically and psychologically intensive program designed to prepare typically new recruits for assignment to the 75th Ranger Regiment. All soldiers seeking to be SOCM must complete RASP.\\nRASP is an eight-week course that is held at Fort Benning, Georgia.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the pre-SOCM program.\", \"描述\": \"Before beginning official SOCM training, you will receive a six-week civilian college course in physiology and anatomy at Columbus State University. These courses are designed as a crash course intended to give you base of knowledge about the human body.\\nAll classes must be passed with an 80% or higher, or the student will not be able to proceed with their training.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Finish the SOCM Course.\", \"描述\": \"The SOCM course consists of six 6-week blocks of training and a 4-week clinical rotation. Courses are inter-service and include Special Forces “operators” from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. This is a highly competitive training environment that is both mentally and physically strenuous.\\nThe six course blocks for SOCM are EMT-Basic, Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical Medicine, Trauma 1, Trauma 2, and Trauma 3.\\nOnce you have completed SOCM training, you will have the medical knowledge equivalent of a Nurse Practitioner or a Physician Assistant.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,941 |
How to Become an Army Paratrooper
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1. Joining the Army
1-1. Know what you need to apply.
You need to understand exactly what paperwork and documents you will need in order to join the army. Here is how you should start the process.
Research online for information. Go online to the main website for the Army to obtain information that can answer amy questions or concerns that might rise through the application process.
Locate an Army recruiting office. Find a recruiter that will be able to help you throughout the enlistment process. The recruiter will also be your guide through enlistment and will help you up until you start physical training.
Complete all required paperwork. You will need to verify your identity. Provide a birth certificate, social security card, a driver's license, and academic records.
1-2. Pass all required examinations.
There are a couple of examinations you need to complete and meet specific scores in order to continue the process of joining the Army.
Make sure you pass your required background check. If you have ever been convicted of a felony, you will not be able to enlist.
Take the academic evaluation to determine what role you are eligible for in the army. Based on what you score in the skills test, you will have several options to start your career.
Get a physical evaluation done. You have to meet certain height, weight, and health requirements in order to be qualified to serve the army.
1-3. Complete your basic Army training.
You'll learn basic survival and combat skills by finishing the intensive training of 9 weeks.This will be the first of two intensive training phases you will go through before becoming a paratrooper.
You will have to undergo rigorous mental and physical training to ensure you have both the psychological and physical strength required for combat.
Strengthen your stamina through extensive running exercises that although difficult at first, your your body will get use to as you undergo training.
Develop dedication and determination through early morning and late night training.
1-4. Finish training with graduation.
After you finish basic training, you will officially be trained as a combat soldier. You will have the opportunity to celebrate with family and friends with a graduation ceremony.
Let the people who you are inviting to the ceremony know what date and time the graduation will take place so they can make prior arrangements to be able to attend.
Purchase the necessary formal attire needed in order to attend the ceremony. Make sure you understand what uniform you need obtain for the unit you are in to avoid any issues the day of graduation.
Keep in mind important dates and deadlines coming after graduation so that you continue with the process of becoming a paratrooper.
2. Preparing for Paratrooper Training
2-1. Finish Advanced Individualized training.
After basic training, you will be transferred to a unit where you will learn skills about the position you are training for. You need to finish this before you apply to jump school.
Continue being physically active, even if there isn't formal physical training. This will keep you prepared for jump school.
Be attentive to all the on-hands experience you gather during this training, it will probably help you when you train at airborne school.
2-2. Start process for jump school.
Understand what you need for Army paratrooper training so that you can begin the process after your advanced training. The process will be similar to that of applying to join the army again.
Speak to your commanding officer in order to enroll in Paratrooper training. They will get in contact with the right people that will help get the process started.
Get ready to travel again for specialized training. Paratrooper training is conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia, so you will have to go there once you are enrolled in airborne school.
2-3. Verify that you meet all the additional requirements needed in order to enroll in paratrooper training.
The requirements needed are more specific than the ones to enlist, so make sure you understand what they are.
Be under the age of 36 when you apply for paratrooper training.
Pass another physical fitness test with certain minimum requirements that are much more stringent than those for entering the Army.
Have good physical health without mobility, vision, or hearing impairments. Having any impairments will disqualify you from enrolling successfully in jump school.
3. Training as a Paratrooper
3-1. Begin on the ground.
You'll start off your training on the ground, similar to basic training. There are specific skills you need to master before training in the air.
Learn how to make a parachute jump safely, without hurting yourself upon landing. How you do it here will be the first step before you practice with the parachute at higher ground.
Practice getting out quickly by using the the mock door to acquaint yourself with exiting an aircraft while airborne. This skill will definitely be once you work on aircrafts.
3-2. Start training on higher ground.
Once you finish your physical challenges on the ground, you will complete challenges on higher ground.
Use a landing fall platform to develop proper parachute landing techniques. This is an important skill to learn early in training because it will be harder to do once you train on higher ground.
Practice controlling your parachute during a descent. You have to learn this skill before you can continue with jumping off the training towers.
Complete jumps from a 34-foot tower that will allow you to get used to the actual sensation of a parachute jump. This will be your first high jump during your airborne training.
3-3. Continue training above ground.
In the second week, your training will be reinforced with more physical training. The intensity will increase, and training will consist of more off the ground challenges.
Learn how to deal with oscillation and falls upon landing. This is important so that you can make sure you do not get hurt.
Practice how to recover from the drag. Learning how to recover quickly will make jumping a smoother experience.
Jump from a 250-foot tower to transition into the actual parachute jumping. Starting from the tower first will help ease any fears before jumping from the aircraft.
3-4. Finish in the air.
The third and final week of Army paratrooper training will be completely different. You'll actually get to jump from an aircraft.
Use both conventional parachutes and steerable parachutes. You will need to successfully use both in order to complete training correctly.
Complete 5 successful and qualifying jumps. All 5 jumps need to be done right in order for you to qualify for your wings.
Make the jumps without assistance and land safely on the ground. This will determine if completed your training successfully, or if you will have to re-try again during another training session.
4. Becoming an Army Paratrooper
4-1. Celebrate again with graduation.
After completing your required jumps, you successfully finished training as a paratrooper. You will get to celebrate your success again with a graduation ceremony.
Be prepared to have a short celebration. The graduation process will be much shorter at airborne school because you will have your next assignment ready after the ceremony.
Let family members know who are invited to graduation that you might not have time to spend with them after the ceremony.
4-2. Receive your Army paratrooper wings.
Upon satisfactory completion of your qualifying jumps and graduation, you become an Army paratrooper. This means that you can be deployed to assist in airborne operations.
Earn an additional skill identifier that only an elite group of soldiers are able to obtain.
Obtain the right to wear the coveted “Silver Wing” on your uniform that represents the additional extensive training you completed to become an Army Paratrooper.
4-3. Prepare for your next assignment.
After you receive your wings, you should already know where you are heading from Benning, Georgia.
Make sure you know what unit you will be traveling to in order to understand the weather you will be living in for however long you assignment will be.
Be ready to start using your new skills as an airborne soldier in your new assignments. You will finally be able to use your skills as an official Army paratrooper.
Tips
Keep in mind that even if you successfully complete Paratrooper training, you might still be part of a unit that never requires Paratrooper skills.
You can speak to your commanding officer about transferring to a unit that has need for Paratroopers, such as the 82nd Airborne Division or a Ranger Unit.
Transferring to a unit that needs Paratroopers is not a guarantee that you will become an active Army Paratrooper
Warnings
If you are not use to intense physical training, basic training might be too difficult for you to complete. Prepare for basic training by increasing daily physical activity.
Not everyone makes it past basic training to join the army, so have a backup plan to fall back on if it does not work out.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Joining the Army\\n1-1. Know what you need to apply.\\nYou need to understand exactly what paperwork and documents you will need in order to join the army. Here is how you should start the process. \\nResearch online for information. Go online to the main website for the Army to obtain information that can answer amy questions or concerns that might rise through the application process.\\nLocate an Army recruiting office. Find a recruiter that will be able to help you throughout the enlistment process. The recruiter will also be your guide through enlistment and will help you up until you start physical training.\\nComplete all required paperwork. You will need to verify your identity. Provide a birth certificate, social security card, a driver's license, and academic records.\\n1-2. Pass all required examinations.\\nThere are a couple of examinations you need to complete and meet specific scores in order to continue the process of joining the Army.\\nMake sure you pass your required background check. If you have ever been convicted of a felony, you will not be able to enlist.\\nTake the academic evaluation to determine what role you are eligible for in the army. Based on what you score in the skills test, you will have several options to start your career.\\nGet a physical evaluation done. You have to meet certain height, weight, and health requirements in order to be qualified to serve the army.\\n1-3. Complete your basic Army training.\\nYou'll learn basic survival and combat skills by finishing the intensive training of 9 weeks.This will be the first of two intensive training phases you will go through before becoming a paratrooper.\\nYou will have to undergo rigorous mental and physical training to ensure you have both the psychological and physical strength required for combat.\\nStrengthen your stamina through extensive running exercises that although difficult at first, your your body will get use to as you undergo training.\\nDevelop dedication and determination through early morning and late night training.\\n1-4. Finish training with graduation.\\nAfter you finish basic training, you will officially be trained as a combat soldier. You will have the opportunity to celebrate with family and friends with a graduation ceremony.\\nLet the people who you are inviting to the ceremony know what date and time the graduation will take place so they can make prior arrangements to be able to attend.\\nPurchase the necessary formal attire needed in order to attend the ceremony. Make sure you understand what uniform you need obtain for the unit you are in to avoid any issues the day of graduation.\\nKeep in mind important dates and deadlines coming after graduation so that you continue with the process of becoming a paratrooper.\\n2. Preparing for Paratrooper Training\\n2-1. Finish Advanced Individualized training.\\nAfter basic training, you will be transferred to a unit where you will learn skills about the position you are training for. You need to finish this before you apply to jump school.\\nContinue being physically active, even if there isn't formal physical training. This will keep you prepared for jump school.\\nBe attentive to all the on-hands experience you gather during this training, it will probably help you when you train at airborne school.\\n2-2. Start process for jump school.\\nUnderstand what you need for Army paratrooper training so that you can begin the process after your advanced training. The process will be similar to that of applying to join the army again.\\nSpeak to your commanding officer in order to enroll in Paratrooper training. They will get in contact with the right people that will help get the process started.\\nGet ready to travel again for specialized training. Paratrooper training is conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia, so you will have to go there once you are enrolled in airborne school.\\n2-3. Verify that you meet all the additional requirements needed in order to enroll in paratrooper training.\\nThe requirements needed are more specific than the ones to enlist, so make sure you understand what they are.\\nBe under the age of 36 when you apply for paratrooper training.\\nPass another physical fitness test with certain minimum requirements that are much more stringent than those for entering the Army.\\nHave good physical health without mobility, vision, or hearing impairments. Having any impairments will disqualify you from enrolling successfully in jump school.\\n3. Training as a Paratrooper\\n3-1. Begin on the ground.\\nYou'll start off your training on the ground, similar to basic training. There are specific skills you need to master before training in the air.\\nLearn how to make a parachute jump safely, without hurting yourself upon landing. How you do it here will be the first step before you practice with the parachute at higher ground.\\nPractice getting out quickly by using the the mock door to acquaint yourself with exiting an aircraft while airborne. This skill will definitely be once you work on aircrafts.\\n3-2. Start training on higher ground.\\nOnce you finish your physical challenges on the ground, you will complete challenges on higher ground.\\nUse a landing fall platform to develop proper parachute landing techniques. This is an important skill to learn early in training because it will be harder to do once you train on higher ground.\\nPractice controlling your parachute during a descent. You have to learn this skill before you can continue with jumping off the training towers.\\nComplete jumps from a 34-foot tower that will allow you to get used to the actual sensation of a parachute jump. This will be your first high jump during your airborne training.\\n3-3. Continue training above ground.\\nIn the second week, your training will be reinforced with more physical training. The intensity will increase, and training will consist of more off the ground challenges.\\nLearn how to deal with oscillation and falls upon landing. This is important so that you can make sure you do not get hurt.\\nPractice how to recover from the drag. Learning how to recover quickly will make jumping a smoother experience.\\nJump from a 250-foot tower to transition into the actual parachute jumping. Starting from the tower first will help ease any fears before jumping from the aircraft.\\n3-4. Finish in the air.\\nThe third and final week of Army paratrooper training will be completely different. You'll actually get to jump from an aircraft.\\nUse both conventional parachutes and steerable parachutes. You will need to successfully use both in order to complete training correctly.\\nComplete 5 successful and qualifying jumps. All 5 jumps need to be done right in order for you to qualify for your wings.\\nMake the jumps without assistance and land safely on the ground. This will determine if completed your training successfully, or if you will have to re-try again during another training session.\\n4. Becoming an Army Paratrooper\\n4-1. Celebrate again with graduation.\\nAfter completing your required jumps, you successfully finished training as a paratrooper. You will get to celebrate your success again with a graduation ceremony.\\nBe prepared to have a short celebration. The graduation process will be much shorter at airborne school because you will have your next assignment ready after the ceremony.\\nLet family members know who are invited to graduation that you might not have time to spend with them after the ceremony.\\n4-2. Receive your Army paratrooper wings.\\nUpon satisfactory completion of your qualifying jumps and graduation, you become an Army paratrooper. This means that you can be deployed to assist in airborne operations.\\nEarn an additional skill identifier that only an elite group of soldiers are able to obtain.\\nObtain the right to wear the coveted “Silver Wing” on your uniform that represents the additional extensive training you completed to become an Army Paratrooper.\\n4-3. Prepare for your next assignment.\\nAfter you receive your wings, you should already know where you are heading from Benning, Georgia.\\nMake sure you know what unit you will be traveling to in order to understand the weather you will be living in for however long you assignment will be.\\nBe ready to start using your new skills as an airborne soldier in your new assignments. You will finally be able to use your skills as an official Army paratrooper.\\nTips\\nKeep in mind that even if you successfully complete Paratrooper training, you might still be part of a unit that never requires Paratrooper skills.\\nYou can speak to your commanding officer about transferring to a unit that has need for Paratroopers, such as the 82nd Airborne Division or a Ranger Unit.\\nTransferring to a unit that needs Paratroopers is not a guarantee that you will become an active Army Paratrooper\\nWarnings\\nIf you are not use to intense physical training, basic training might be too difficult for you to complete. Prepare for basic training by increasing daily physical activity.\\nNot everyone makes it past basic training to join the army, so have a backup plan to fall back on if it does not work out.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"To become an Army paratrooper, you have to have discipline in order to complete all the required physical training, pass all the needed examinations, and prepare for all the changes between training units. It can be a long process, but this is what you need to do in order to become an airborne soldier successfully.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Joining the Army\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what you need to apply.\", \"描述\": \"You need to understand exactly what paperwork and documents you will need in order to join the army. Here is how you should start the process. \\nResearch online for information. Go online to the main website for the Army to obtain information that can answer amy questions or concerns that might rise through the application process.\\nLocate an Army recruiting office. Find a recruiter that will be able to help you throughout the enlistment process. The recruiter will also be your guide through enlistment and will help you up until you start physical training.\\nComplete all required paperwork. You will need to verify your identity. Provide a birth certificate, social security card, a driver's license, and academic records.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass all required examinations.\", \"描述\": \"There are a couple of examinations you need to complete and meet specific scores in order to continue the process of joining the Army.\\nMake sure you pass your required background check. If you have ever been convicted of a felony, you will not be able to enlist.\\nTake the academic evaluation to determine what role you are eligible for in the army. Based on what you score in the skills test, you will have several options to start your career.\\nGet a physical evaluation done. You have to meet certain height, weight, and health requirements in order to be qualified to serve the army.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your basic Army training.\", \"描述\": \"You'll learn basic survival and combat skills by finishing the intensive training of 9 weeks.This will be the first of two intensive training phases you will go through before becoming a paratrooper.\\nYou will have to undergo rigorous mental and physical training to ensure you have both the psychological and physical strength required for combat.\\nStrengthen your stamina through extensive running exercises that although difficult at first, your your body will get use to as you undergo training.\\nDevelop dedication and determination through early morning and late night training.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finish training with graduation.\", \"描述\": \"After you finish basic training, you will officially be trained as a combat soldier. You will have the opportunity to celebrate with family and friends with a graduation ceremony.\\nLet the people who you are inviting to the ceremony know what date and time the graduation will take place so they can make prior arrangements to be able to attend.\\nPurchase the necessary formal attire needed in order to attend the ceremony. Make sure you understand what uniform you need obtain for the unit you are in to avoid any issues the day of graduation.\\nKeep in mind important dates and deadlines coming after graduation so that you continue with the process of becoming a paratrooper.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Paratrooper Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finish Advanced Individualized training.\", \"描述\": \"After basic training, you will be transferred to a unit where you will learn skills about the position you are training for. You need to finish this before you apply to jump school.\\nContinue being physically active, even if there isn't formal physical training. This will keep you prepared for jump school.\\nBe attentive to all the on-hands experience you gather during this training, it will probably help you when you train at airborne school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start process for jump school.\", \"描述\": \"Understand what you need for Army paratrooper training so that you can begin the process after your advanced training. The process will be similar to that of applying to join the army again.\\nSpeak to your commanding officer in order to enroll in Paratrooper training. They will get in contact with the right people that will help get the process started.\\nGet ready to travel again for specialized training. Paratrooper training is conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia, so you will have to go there once you are enrolled in airborne school.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Verify that you meet all the additional requirements needed in order to enroll in paratrooper training.\", \"描述\": \"The requirements needed are more specific than the ones to enlist, so make sure you understand what they are.\\nBe under the age of 36 when you apply for paratrooper training.\\nPass another physical fitness test with certain minimum requirements that are much more stringent than those for entering the Army.\\nHave good physical health without mobility, vision, or hearing impairments. Having any impairments will disqualify you from enrolling successfully in jump school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Training as a Paratrooper\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin on the ground.\", \"描述\": \"You'll start off your training on the ground, similar to basic training. There are specific skills you need to master before training in the air.\\nLearn how to make a parachute jump safely, without hurting yourself upon landing. How you do it here will be the first step before you practice with the parachute at higher ground.\\nPractice getting out quickly by using the the mock door to acquaint yourself with exiting an aircraft while airborne. This skill will definitely be once you work on aircrafts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start training on higher ground.\", \"描述\": \"Once you finish your physical challenges on the ground, you will complete challenges on higher ground.\\nUse a landing fall platform to develop proper parachute landing techniques. This is an important skill to learn early in training because it will be harder to do once you train on higher ground.\\nPractice controlling your parachute during a descent. You have to learn this skill before you can continue with jumping off the training towers.\\nComplete jumps from a 34-foot tower that will allow you to get used to the actual sensation of a parachute jump. This will be your first high jump during your airborne training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue training above ground.\", \"描述\": \"In the second week, your training will be reinforced with more physical training. The intensity will increase, and training will consist of more off the ground challenges.\\nLearn how to deal with oscillation and falls upon landing. This is important so that you can make sure you do not get hurt.\\nPractice how to recover from the drag. Learning how to recover quickly will make jumping a smoother experience.\\nJump from a 250-foot tower to transition into the actual parachute jumping. Starting from the tower first will help ease any fears before jumping from the aircraft.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finish in the air.\", \"描述\": \"The third and final week of Army paratrooper training will be completely different. You'll actually get to jump from an aircraft.\\nUse both conventional parachutes and steerable parachutes. You will need to successfully use both in order to complete training correctly.\\nComplete 5 successful and qualifying jumps. All 5 jumps need to be done right in order for you to qualify for your wings.\\nMake the jumps without assistance and land safely on the ground. This will determine if completed your training successfully, or if you will have to re-try again during another training session.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Army Paratrooper\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Celebrate again with graduation.\", \"描述\": \"After completing your required jumps, you successfully finished training as a paratrooper. You will get to celebrate your success again with a graduation ceremony.\\nBe prepared to have a short celebration. The graduation process will be much shorter at airborne school because you will have your next assignment ready after the ceremony.\\nLet family members know who are invited to graduation that you might not have time to spend with them after the ceremony.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Receive your Army paratrooper wings.\", \"描述\": \"Upon satisfactory completion of your qualifying jumps and graduation, you become an Army paratrooper. This means that you can be deployed to assist in airborne operations.\\nEarn an additional skill identifier that only an elite group of soldiers are able to obtain.\\nObtain the right to wear the coveted “Silver Wing” on your uniform that represents the additional extensive training you completed to become an Army Paratrooper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your next assignment.\", \"描述\": \"After you receive your wings, you should already know where you are heading from Benning, Georgia.\\nMake sure you know what unit you will be traveling to in order to understand the weather you will be living in for however long you assignment will be.\\nBe ready to start using your new skills as an airborne soldier in your new assignments. You will finally be able to use your skills as an official Army paratrooper.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep in mind that even if you successfully complete Paratrooper training, you might still be part of a unit that never requires Paratrooper skills.\\n\", \"You can speak to your commanding officer about transferring to a unit that has need for Paratroopers, such as the 82nd Airborne Division or a Ranger Unit.\\n\", \"Transferring to a unit that needs Paratroopers is not a guarantee that you will become an active Army Paratrooper\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you are not use to intense physical training, basic training might be too difficult for you to complete. Prepare for basic training by increasing daily physical activity.\\n\", \"Not everyone makes it past basic training to join the army, so have a backup plan to fall back on if it does not work out.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,942 |
How to Become an Army Pilot
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1. What are the basic requirements to be an Army pilot?
1-1. You have to be at least 18 and have a high school diploma or GED.
The Army has a few requirements that you must meet in order to enlist and become a pilot including having a high school diploma (or equivalent GED), being a US citizen, being between 18-32 years old, and passing a physical exam.
1-2. You must be at least 64 inches (160 cm) tall.
In addition to age and education requirements, the Army does have stricter physical standards for its pilots. You can’t be shorter than 64 inches (160 cm) or taller than 76 inches (190 cm).
1-3. You need to score well on the ASVAB and SIFT tests.
In order to be considered to be an Army pilot, you’ll need to pass the Selection Instrument for Flight Training (SIFT) test. You’ll also need to score at least a 110 General Technical score on the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and be able to obtain a secret security clearance. Both of these tests are taken before you join the Army.
You can prepare for your SIFT and ASVAB by taking special courses or by using workbooks and online materials to study for the tests.
If you don’t score high enough on the ASVAB, you can wait 1 month and take it again.
2. How do you join the Army to be a pilot?
2-1. Contact a recruiter and join the Army.
Contact your local Army recruiting office and work with a recruiter to schedule your SIFT and ASVAB tests. They’ll also help you gather any materials you need and work with you if you need to improve your physical fitness in order to meet the Army’s standards. Once you complete the tests, you can enlist directly into the Army’s Warrant Officer Candidate School to train to become a pilot.
2-2. Complete 9 weeks of basic training.
Every person who joins the Army goes to basic training, also known as “boot camp.” There, you’ll train with weapons and learn the traditions, tactics, and methods of being a soldier. Boot camp lasts a total of 9 weeks.
2-3. Enter into Warrant Officer Candidate School.
If you’re accepted, you’ll complete a 6-week training and leadership program. Then, you’ll begin Warrant Officer Flight School, where you’ll start learning how to be a pilot!
3. How do you train to become an Army pilot?
3-1. Complete your basic flight training.
After you complete Warrant Officer Candidate School, you’ll take a basic flight course that lasts for 6 weeks. There, you’ll learn the basic mechanics of how to operate and maintain an aircraft.
3-2. Train for a specific aircraft after your basic flight training.
Your specialized training involves either the Army’s helicopter fleet or their fixed-wing aircraft fleet. There, you’ll become an expert pilot of a specific type of aircraft, which can take about a year to a year and a half.For instance, you could specialize as CH-47 Chinook pilot or an AH-64A Apache pilot.
4. How do you apply for the Army’s flight school?
4-1. Create a resume and draft an essay about why you want to be a pilot.
If you don’t have one already, make a resume and include your skills, education, and work experience on your resume. Don’t worry if you don’t have a ton of experience. Just list every job you’ve worked as well as any charities or organizations you’ve volunteered with. Write an essay titled “Why I want to be an Army WOFT Aviator” and include all of your reasons for wanted to be an Army pilot and why you’re passionate about it.
Your recruiter can also help you put together a resume and essay, so work with them to make sure your application looks good.
4-2. Gather 3-6 letters of recommendation and your academic transcripts.
Ask people you know and respect such as teachers that had an influence on you and any bosses that you think will write a good letter of recommendation for you. Quality recommendations can make a big difference, so spend some time reaching out to people and collecting them.If you have any friends or family members who were former service members, they may be a great person to ask!
4-3. Complete the security questionnaire and submit your application.
In order to become an Army pilot, you need to earn a secret security clearance, which requires an extensive background check and a detailed questionnaire. Once you’ve gathered all of your materials and completed the questionnaire, your recruiter can submit your application.Take your time and fill out every section of the questionnaire. If you leave anything blank or try to conceal something, it could affect your chances of getting into Army flight school.
5. How long does it take to become an Army pilot?
It takes between 12-18 months to complete your training.
The time it takes for you to become a fully trained pilot can vary slightly. Depending on the aircraft you’re learning to fly, your total training could take between a year to a year and a half to complete.
6. Is it hard to become an Army pilot?
It’s challenging, but the Army needs more pilots.
The training is rigorous, but if you were able to satisfy the initial standards (such as the SIFT and ASVAB score requirements), then you have what it takes to get the job done. It also may be a great time to become an Army pilot, because there’s currently a shortage of qualified pilots, so you may have a better chance at getting into flight school!
7. What does an aviation officer do in the Army?
An aviation officer leads flight platoons and helicopter operations.
In addition to being an Army helicopter pilot, an aviation officer is also in charge of other helicopter pilots in the field. They also lead and command units of helicopters on operations and maneuvers.
8. How do you become an aviation officer in the Army?
8-1. Complete a 4-year college degree and the Army officer course.
All aviation officers must have a college degree prior to enlisting in the officer training program. Then, you’ll need to complete the Army’s officer course, where you’ll receive additional training about how to lead and command soldiers, as well as how to operate as an officer in the military.
8-2. Join flight school and specialize in a specific helicopter.
After you complete the basic officer course, you can then enlist in the Army’s basic flight course, where you’ll learn the ins and outs of flying a helicopter. Then, you’ll spend up to a year or a year and a half in flight school learning how to pilot a specific helicopter, such as a C-12 Huron or the UH-60 Black Hawk. Once you graduate, you’ll be an aviation officer!
Tips
If you’re thinking of being an officer in the Army, contact a recruiter to see what you need to do to get started.
Warnings
Avoid trying to conceal anything from your past when you’re enlisting or it could affect your chances of being accepted into flight school.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What are the basic requirements to be an Army pilot?\\n1-1. You have to be at least 18 and have a high school diploma or GED.\\nThe Army has a few requirements that you must meet in order to enlist and become a pilot including having a high school diploma (or equivalent GED), being a US citizen, being between 18-32 years old, and passing a physical exam.\\n1-2. You must be at least 64 inches (160 cm) tall.\\nIn addition to age and education requirements, the Army does have stricter physical standards for its pilots. You can’t be shorter than 64 inches (160 cm) or taller than 76 inches (190 cm).\\n1-3. You need to score well on the ASVAB and SIFT tests.\\nIn order to be considered to be an Army pilot, you’ll need to pass the Selection Instrument for Flight Training (SIFT) test. You’ll also need to score at least a 110 General Technical score on the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and be able to obtain a secret security clearance. Both of these tests are taken before you join the Army.\\nYou can prepare for your SIFT and ASVAB by taking special courses or by using workbooks and online materials to study for the tests.\\nIf you don’t score high enough on the ASVAB, you can wait 1 month and take it again.\\n2. How do you join the Army to be a pilot?\\n2-1. Contact a recruiter and join the Army.\\nContact your local Army recruiting office and work with a recruiter to schedule your SIFT and ASVAB tests. They’ll also help you gather any materials you need and work with you if you need to improve your physical fitness in order to meet the Army’s standards. Once you complete the tests, you can enlist directly into the Army’s Warrant Officer Candidate School to train to become a pilot.\\n2-2. Complete 9 weeks of basic training.\\nEvery person who joins the Army goes to basic training, also known as “boot camp.” There, you’ll train with weapons and learn the traditions, tactics, and methods of being a soldier. Boot camp lasts a total of 9 weeks.\\n2-3. Enter into Warrant Officer Candidate School.\\nIf you’re accepted, you’ll complete a 6-week training and leadership program. Then, you’ll begin Warrant Officer Flight School, where you’ll start learning how to be a pilot!\\n3. How do you train to become an Army pilot?\\n3-1. Complete your basic flight training.\\nAfter you complete Warrant Officer Candidate School, you’ll take a basic flight course that lasts for 6 weeks. There, you’ll learn the basic mechanics of how to operate and maintain an aircraft.\\n3-2. Train for a specific aircraft after your basic flight training.\\nYour specialized training involves either the Army’s helicopter fleet or their fixed-wing aircraft fleet. There, you’ll become an expert pilot of a specific type of aircraft, which can take about a year to a year and a half.For instance, you could specialize as CH-47 Chinook pilot or an AH-64A Apache pilot.\\n4. How do you apply for the Army’s flight school?\\n4-1. Create a resume and draft an essay about why you want to be a pilot.\\nIf you don’t have one already, make a resume and include your skills, education, and work experience on your resume. Don’t worry if you don’t have a ton of experience. Just list every job you’ve worked as well as any charities or organizations you’ve volunteered with. Write an essay titled “Why I want to be an Army WOFT Aviator” and include all of your reasons for wanted to be an Army pilot and why you’re passionate about it.\\nYour recruiter can also help you put together a resume and essay, so work with them to make sure your application looks good.\\n4-2. Gather 3-6 letters of recommendation and your academic transcripts.\\nAsk people you know and respect such as teachers that had an influence on you and any bosses that you think will write a good letter of recommendation for you. Quality recommendations can make a big difference, so spend some time reaching out to people and collecting them.If you have any friends or family members who were former service members, they may be a great person to ask!\\n4-3. Complete the security questionnaire and submit your application.\\nIn order to become an Army pilot, you need to earn a secret security clearance, which requires an extensive background check and a detailed questionnaire. Once you’ve gathered all of your materials and completed the questionnaire, your recruiter can submit your application.Take your time and fill out every section of the questionnaire. If you leave anything blank or try to conceal something, it could affect your chances of getting into Army flight school.\\n5. How long does it take to become an Army pilot?\\nIt takes between 12-18 months to complete your training.\\nThe time it takes for you to become a fully trained pilot can vary slightly. Depending on the aircraft you’re learning to fly, your total training could take between a year to a year and a half to complete.\\n6. Is it hard to become an Army pilot?\\nIt’s challenging, but the Army needs more pilots.\\nThe training is rigorous, but if you were able to satisfy the initial standards (such as the SIFT and ASVAB score requirements), then you have what it takes to get the job done. It also may be a great time to become an Army pilot, because there’s currently a shortage of qualified pilots, so you may have a better chance at getting into flight school!\\n7. What does an aviation officer do in the Army?\\nAn aviation officer leads flight platoons and helicopter operations.\\nIn addition to being an Army helicopter pilot, an aviation officer is also in charge of other helicopter pilots in the field. They also lead and command units of helicopters on operations and maneuvers.\\n8. How do you become an aviation officer in the Army?\\n8-1. Complete a 4-year college degree and the Army officer course.\\nAll aviation officers must have a college degree prior to enlisting in the officer training program. Then, you’ll need to complete the Army’s officer course, where you’ll receive additional training about how to lead and command soldiers, as well as how to operate as an officer in the military.\\n8-2. Join flight school and specialize in a specific helicopter.\\nAfter you complete the basic officer course, you can then enlist in the Army’s basic flight course, where you’ll learn the ins and outs of flying a helicopter. Then, you’ll spend up to a year or a year and a half in flight school learning how to pilot a specific helicopter, such as a C-12 Huron or the UH-60 Black Hawk. Once you graduate, you’ll be an aviation officer!\\nTips\\nIf you’re thinking of being an officer in the Army, contact a recruiter to see what you need to do to get started.\\nWarnings\\nAvoid trying to conceal anything from your past when you’re enlisting or it could affect your chances of being accepted into flight school.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Ever wanted to fly a helicopter or an airplane? The Army can help you do it—for free! There are a few basic requirements you have to meet, but if you qualify, it’s actually not too difficult to enroll in the Army’s flight training program. To make it a little easier for you, we’ve answered some of the most common questions that people have about what it takes to become an Army pilot.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What are the basic requirements to be an Army pilot?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You have to be at least 18 and have a high school diploma or GED.\", \"描述\": \"The Army has a few requirements that you must meet in order to enlist and become a pilot including having a high school diploma (or equivalent GED), being a US citizen, being between 18-32 years old, and passing a physical exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"You must be at least 64 inches (160 cm) tall.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to age and education requirements, the Army does have stricter physical standards for its pilots. You can’t be shorter than 64 inches (160 cm) or taller than 76 inches (190 cm).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"You need to score well on the ASVAB and SIFT tests.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be considered to be an Army pilot, you’ll need to pass the Selection Instrument for Flight Training (SIFT) test. You’ll also need to score at least a 110 General Technical score on the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and be able to obtain a secret security clearance. Both of these tests are taken before you join the Army.\\nYou can prepare for your SIFT and ASVAB by taking special courses or by using workbooks and online materials to study for the tests.\\nIf you don’t score high enough on the ASVAB, you can wait 1 month and take it again.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How do you join the Army to be a pilot?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact a recruiter and join the Army.\", \"描述\": \"Contact your local Army recruiting office and work with a recruiter to schedule your SIFT and ASVAB tests. They’ll also help you gather any materials you need and work with you if you need to improve your physical fitness in order to meet the Army’s standards. Once you complete the tests, you can enlist directly into the Army’s Warrant Officer Candidate School to train to become a pilot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete 9 weeks of basic training.\", \"描述\": \"Every person who joins the Army goes to basic training, also known as “boot camp.” There, you’ll train with weapons and learn the traditions, tactics, and methods of being a soldier. Boot camp lasts a total of 9 weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter into Warrant Officer Candidate School.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re accepted, you’ll complete a 6-week training and leadership program. Then, you’ll begin Warrant Officer Flight School, where you’ll start learning how to be a pilot!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How do you train to become an Army pilot?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your basic flight training.\", \"描述\": \"After you complete Warrant Officer Candidate School, you’ll take a basic flight course that lasts for 6 weeks. There, you’ll learn the basic mechanics of how to operate and maintain an aircraft.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Train for a specific aircraft after your basic flight training.\", \"描述\": \"Your specialized training involves either the Army’s helicopter fleet or their fixed-wing aircraft fleet. There, you’ll become an expert pilot of a specific type of aircraft, which can take about a year to a year and a half.For instance, you could specialize as CH-47 Chinook pilot or an AH-64A Apache pilot.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"How do you apply for the Army’s flight school?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a resume and draft an essay about why you want to be a pilot.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t have one already, make a resume and include your skills, education, and work experience on your resume. Don’t worry if you don’t have a ton of experience. Just list every job you’ve worked as well as any charities or organizations you’ve volunteered with. Write an essay titled “Why I want to be an Army WOFT Aviator” and include all of your reasons for wanted to be an Army pilot and why you’re passionate about it.\\nYour recruiter can also help you put together a resume and essay, so work with them to make sure your application looks good.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather 3-6 letters of recommendation and your academic transcripts.\", \"描述\": \"Ask people you know and respect such as teachers that had an influence on you and any bosses that you think will write a good letter of recommendation for you. Quality recommendations can make a big difference, so spend some time reaching out to people and collecting them.If you have any friends or family members who were former service members, they may be a great person to ask!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the security questionnaire and submit your application.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become an Army pilot, you need to earn a secret security clearance, which requires an extensive background check and a detailed questionnaire. Once you’ve gathered all of your materials and completed the questionnaire, your recruiter can submit your application.Take your time and fill out every section of the questionnaire. If you leave anything blank or try to conceal something, it could affect your chances of getting into Army flight school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"How long does it take to become an Army pilot?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It takes between 12-18 months to complete your training.\", \"描述\": \"The time it takes for you to become a fully trained pilot can vary slightly. Depending on the aircraft you’re learning to fly, your total training could take between a year to a year and a half to complete.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Is it hard to become an Army pilot?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s challenging, but the Army needs more pilots.\", \"描述\": \"The training is rigorous, but if you were able to satisfy the initial standards (such as the SIFT and ASVAB score requirements), then you have what it takes to get the job done. It also may be a great time to become an Army pilot, because there’s currently a shortage of qualified pilots, so you may have a better chance at getting into flight school!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"What does an aviation officer do in the Army?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"An aviation officer leads flight platoons and helicopter operations.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to being an Army helicopter pilot, an aviation officer is also in charge of other helicopter pilots in the field. They also lead and command units of helicopters on operations and maneuvers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"How do you become an aviation officer in the Army?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete a 4-year college degree and the Army officer course.\", \"描述\": \"All aviation officers must have a college degree prior to enlisting in the officer training program. Then, you’ll need to complete the Army’s officer course, where you’ll receive additional training about how to lead and command soldiers, as well as how to operate as an officer in the military.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join flight school and specialize in a specific helicopter.\", \"描述\": \"After you complete the basic officer course, you can then enlist in the Army’s basic flight course, where you’ll learn the ins and outs of flying a helicopter. Then, you’ll spend up to a year or a year and a half in flight school learning how to pilot a specific helicopter, such as a C-12 Huron or the UH-60 Black Hawk. Once you graduate, you’ll be an aviation officer!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you’re thinking of being an officer in the Army, contact a recruiter to see what you need to do to get started.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Avoid trying to conceal anything from your past when you’re enlisting or it could affect your chances of being accepted into flight school.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,943 |
How to Become an Army Sniper
|
1. Meeting Basic Qualifications
1-1. Be a current soldier.
In order to become a sniper, you must be on active duty, or in the Reserve or National Guard. You cannot be on inactive duty (even if you are involved with military activities).
1-2. Get experience as an infantry soldier.
The infantry is the primary combat force of the Army, and is the starting point for a number of specialty positions, including Rangers and Snipers. Before starting Sniper School, you will need to have established a distinguished record as an infantryman.
To enter the Infantry, you must have a combat (CO) Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) score of at least 87.
Infantry training lasts for 14 weeks, and takes place on the field and in the classroom.
Skills to attain as an infantry soldier include weapons usage, the ability to handle stressful situations, ground tactics, and a readiness to accept challenges.
1-3. Attain sufficient rank.
Would-be Army Snipers must be classified as Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 11B (Infantry soldier), 19D (Calvary Scout) or 18 series (Special Forces) in the rank of E3 through E6. Additional Skill Identifier (ASI) B4 (Sniper) can only be given to those soldiers who have attained MOS 11B.
1-4. Meet or exceed certain test scores.
In addition to the minimum CO score of 87 that is required to enter the Infantry, to become a sniper you must have a score of 100 or higher on the General Technical (GT) portion of the ASVAB before you can apply to become a sniper.
1-5. Have good vision.
The tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, demand excellent vision. In order to begin Sniper training, your vision must either be 20/20, or correctable to 20/20. You must also be able to accurately distinguish color.
1-6. Have expert rifle skills.
Superior marksmanship is necessary for all snipers, so you must qualify at the “expert” level with the M4 rifle within six months of attending your sniper course.
Snipers are often essentially required to shoot targets about the size of a playing card at a distance of 500 meters.
1-7. Be in excellent physical shape.
Snipers may be called on to move through difficult terrain, often alone. Thus, to become a sniper you must have a minimum physical profile of 111221. You must also have a recent (within the last 12 months) medical examination or physical assessment.
A 111221 physical profile references the "PULHES factor," with each digit corresponding to a rating of a given area: Physical capacity or stamina, Upper extremities, Lower extremities, Hearing and ears, Eyes, and Psychiatric health. A rating of 111221 indicates a high level of health and ability in each of these areas.
To begin Sniper School, you must have passed an Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) with a minimum of 70 points in each area within 30 days prior to the start of the training program.
1-8. Have a clean record.
Performing as an Army Sniper requires the highest level of conduct, control, and confidentiality. For this reason, you should plan on having a clean military and civilian record, with no record of alcohol or substance abuse, if you want to become an Army Sniper.
1-9. Pass a psychological examination.
Being a sniper involves very stressful and dangerous work; you must have good mental health to complete these tasks. A psychological examination must be conducted by an approved psychologist within one year prior to the start date of your sniper training course.
1-10. Have appropriate security clearance, or be eligible to obtain it.
Work as a Sniper is often highly classified, and so you must obtain a Secret or interim Secret security clearance before beginning training. If you do not already have this clearance, you must be eligible and apply for it.
The Department of Defense (DOD) issues personal security clearances. In order to receive a Secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, have a position that necessitates the clearance (at the DOD's discretion), and undergo a background check. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.
2. Training
2-1. Volunteer to attend Sniper School.
The Army sniper training course is neither mandatory nor guaranteed, even if you reach the necessary rank and meet the other entry qualifications. Instead, you must volunteer with a formal request to your Battalion Commander, who then decides whether or not to recommend you for Sniper School.
2-2. Sign up to attend Sniper School.
If you meet the basic qualifications, volunteer, are recommended, and then finally accepted into the Army Sniper program, then you will be asked to register for the training course. The School lasts for seven weeks and takes place at Fort Benning, Georgia. During the course, you will study:
Marksmanship
Range estimation
Target detection
Stalks
Written instruction
2-3. Pass the initial exercises.
On the first day of sniper training, you will be put into a grouping exercise to test your initial abilities and potential for reconnaissance and marksmanship. If you do not pass this exercise, you will not be permitted to take the course.
2-4. Complete the course.
Each of the seven weeks of Sniper School is devoted to one or more specific aspects of sniper duties. You will study these both in the classroom and in various field exercises.
Week 1 is devoted to stalks, range estimation, and target detection.
Week 2 is devoted to ballistics as well as marksmanship using the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). This rifle is lighter and shorter than traditional sniper rifles, but can deliver precision fire to targets up to 800 meters.
Week 3 is devoted to strategies for gathering data, as well as a written exam on information covered.
Week 4 is devoted to making night shoots and the use of the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (ESR).
Week 5 is devoted to strategies for Unknown Distance (UKD) firing, moving targets, and the use of the M9 pistol.
Week 6 is devoted to learning alternate firing positions, and the use of the M107 rifle. In addition, there is a final examination in the sixth week of Sniper School.
Week 7 is devoted to field training exercises (FTX) to practice sniper techniques, and to final shooting exercises. At the end of the course, there is a graduation ceremony. Soldiers who successfully pass Sniper School will be awarded a diploma.
Tips
Both men and women are now eligible to become snipers.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Basic Qualifications\\n1-1. Be a current soldier.\\nIn order to become a sniper, you must be on active duty, or in the Reserve or National Guard. You cannot be on inactive duty (even if you are involved with military activities).\\n1-2. Get experience as an infantry soldier.\\nThe infantry is the primary combat force of the Army, and is the starting point for a number of specialty positions, including Rangers and Snipers. Before starting Sniper School, you will need to have established a distinguished record as an infantryman.\\nTo enter the Infantry, you must have a combat (CO) Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) score of at least 87.\\nInfantry training lasts for 14 weeks, and takes place on the field and in the classroom.\\nSkills to attain as an infantry soldier include weapons usage, the ability to handle stressful situations, ground tactics, and a readiness to accept challenges.\\n1-3. Attain sufficient rank.\\nWould-be Army Snipers must be classified as Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 11B (Infantry soldier), 19D (Calvary Scout) or 18 series (Special Forces) in the rank of E3 through E6. Additional Skill Identifier (ASI) B4 (Sniper) can only be given to those soldiers who have attained MOS 11B.\\n1-4. Meet or exceed certain test scores.\\nIn addition to the minimum CO score of 87 that is required to enter the Infantry, to become a sniper you must have a score of 100 or higher on the General Technical (GT) portion of the ASVAB before you can apply to become a sniper.\\n1-5. Have good vision.\\nThe tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, demand excellent vision. In order to begin Sniper training, your vision must either be 20/20, or correctable to 20/20. You must also be able to accurately distinguish color.\\n1-6. Have expert rifle skills.\\nSuperior marksmanship is necessary for all snipers, so you must qualify at the “expert” level with the M4 rifle within six months of attending your sniper course.\\nSnipers are often essentially required to shoot targets about the size of a playing card at a distance of 500 meters.\\n1-7. Be in excellent physical shape.\\nSnipers may be called on to move through difficult terrain, often alone. Thus, to become a sniper you must have a minimum physical profile of 111221. You must also have a recent (within the last 12 months) medical examination or physical assessment.\\nA 111221 physical profile references the \\\"PULHES factor,\\\" with each digit corresponding to a rating of a given area: Physical capacity or stamina, Upper extremities, Lower extremities, Hearing and ears, Eyes, and Psychiatric health. A rating of 111221 indicates a high level of health and ability in each of these areas.\\nTo begin Sniper School, you must have passed an Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) with a minimum of 70 points in each area within 30 days prior to the start of the training program.\\n1-8. Have a clean record.\\nPerforming as an Army Sniper requires the highest level of conduct, control, and confidentiality. For this reason, you should plan on having a clean military and civilian record, with no record of alcohol or substance abuse, if you want to become an Army Sniper.\\n1-9. Pass a psychological examination.\\nBeing a sniper involves very stressful and dangerous work; you must have good mental health to complete these tasks. A psychological examination must be conducted by an approved psychologist within one year prior to the start date of your sniper training course.\\n1-10. Have appropriate security clearance, or be eligible to obtain it.\\nWork as a Sniper is often highly classified, and so you must obtain a Secret or interim Secret security clearance before beginning training. If you do not already have this clearance, you must be eligible and apply for it.\\nThe Department of Defense (DOD) issues personal security clearances. In order to receive a Secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, have a position that necessitates the clearance (at the DOD's discretion), and undergo a background check. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.\\n2. Training\\n2-1. Volunteer to attend Sniper School.\\nThe Army sniper training course is neither mandatory nor guaranteed, even if you reach the necessary rank and meet the other entry qualifications. Instead, you must volunteer with a formal request to your Battalion Commander, who then decides whether or not to recommend you for Sniper School.\\n2-2. Sign up to attend Sniper School.\\nIf you meet the basic qualifications, volunteer, are recommended, and then finally accepted into the Army Sniper program, then you will be asked to register for the training course. The School lasts for seven weeks and takes place at Fort Benning, Georgia. During the course, you will study:\\nMarksmanship\\nRange estimation\\nTarget detection\\nStalks\\nWritten instruction\\n2-3. Pass the initial exercises.\\nOn the first day of sniper training, you will be put into a grouping exercise to test your initial abilities and potential for reconnaissance and marksmanship. If you do not pass this exercise, you will not be permitted to take the course.\\n2-4. Complete the course.\\nEach of the seven weeks of Sniper School is devoted to one or more specific aspects of sniper duties. You will study these both in the classroom and in various field exercises.\\nWeek 1 is devoted to stalks, range estimation, and target detection.\\nWeek 2 is devoted to ballistics as well as marksmanship using the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). This rifle is lighter and shorter than traditional sniper rifles, but can deliver precision fire to targets up to 800 meters.\\nWeek 3 is devoted to strategies for gathering data, as well as a written exam on information covered.\\nWeek 4 is devoted to making night shoots and the use of the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (ESR).\\nWeek 5 is devoted to strategies for Unknown Distance (UKD) firing, moving targets, and the use of the M9 pistol.\\nWeek 6 is devoted to learning alternate firing positions, and the use of the M107 rifle. In addition, there is a final examination in the sixth week of Sniper School.\\nWeek 7 is devoted to field training exercises (FTX) to practice sniper techniques, and to final shooting exercises. At the end of the course, there is a graduation ceremony. Soldiers who successfully pass Sniper School will be awarded a diploma.\\nTips\\nBoth men and women are now eligible to become snipers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An Army sniper's work involves more than just using excellent marksmanship skills to take out a target. Land reconnaissance, camouflage and observation are all knowledge a sniper must have in order to be successful. To become an Army sniper, you must gain the necessary skills and experience, as well as pass specialized training courses provided by the U.S. Army Sniper School.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Basic Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a current soldier.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a sniper, you must be on active duty, or in the Reserve or National Guard. You cannot be on inactive duty (even if you are involved with military activities).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get experience as an infantry soldier.\", \"描述\": \"The infantry is the primary combat force of the Army, and is the starting point for a number of specialty positions, including Rangers and Snipers. Before starting Sniper School, you will need to have established a distinguished record as an infantryman.\\nTo enter the Infantry, you must have a combat (CO) Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) score of at least 87.\\nInfantry training lasts for 14 weeks, and takes place on the field and in the classroom.\\nSkills to attain as an infantry soldier include weapons usage, the ability to handle stressful situations, ground tactics, and a readiness to accept challenges.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attain sufficient rank.\", \"描述\": \"Would-be Army Snipers must be classified as Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 11B (Infantry soldier), 19D (Calvary Scout) or 18 series (Special Forces) in the rank of E3 through E6. Additional Skill Identifier (ASI) B4 (Sniper) can only be given to those soldiers who have attained MOS 11B.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Meet or exceed certain test scores.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to the minimum CO score of 87 that is required to enter the Infantry, to become a sniper you must have a score of 100 or higher on the General Technical (GT) portion of the ASVAB before you can apply to become a sniper.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have good vision.\", \"描述\": \"The tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, demand excellent vision. In order to begin Sniper training, your vision must either be 20/20, or correctable to 20/20. You must also be able to accurately distinguish color.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Have expert rifle skills.\", \"描述\": \"Superior marksmanship is necessary for all snipers, so you must qualify at the “expert” level with the M4 rifle within six months of attending your sniper course.\\nSnipers are often essentially required to shoot targets about the size of a playing card at a distance of 500 meters.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be in excellent physical shape.\", \"描述\": \"Snipers may be called on to move through difficult terrain, often alone. Thus, to become a sniper you must have a minimum physical profile of 111221. You must also have a recent (within the last 12 months) medical examination or physical assessment.\\nA 111221 physical profile references the \\\"PULHES factor,\\\" with each digit corresponding to a rating of a given area: Physical capacity or stamina, Upper extremities, Lower extremities, Hearing and ears, Eyes, and Psychiatric health. A rating of 111221 indicates a high level of health and ability in each of these areas.\\nTo begin Sniper School, you must have passed an Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) with a minimum of 70 points in each area within 30 days prior to the start of the training program.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Have a clean record.\", \"描述\": \"Performing as an Army Sniper requires the highest level of conduct, control, and confidentiality. For this reason, you should plan on having a clean military and civilian record, with no record of alcohol or substance abuse, if you want to become an Army Sniper.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pass a psychological examination.\", \"描述\": \"Being a sniper involves very stressful and dangerous work; you must have good mental health to complete these tasks. A psychological examination must be conducted by an approved psychologist within one year prior to the start date of your sniper training course.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Have appropriate security clearance, or be eligible to obtain it.\", \"描述\": \"Work as a Sniper is often highly classified, and so you must obtain a Secret or interim Secret security clearance before beginning training. If you do not already have this clearance, you must be eligible and apply for it.\\nThe Department of Defense (DOD) issues personal security clearances. In order to receive a Secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, have a position that necessitates the clearance (at the DOD's discretion), and undergo a background check. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Volunteer to attend Sniper School.\", \"描述\": \"The Army sniper training course is neither mandatory nor guaranteed, even if you reach the necessary rank and meet the other entry qualifications. Instead, you must volunteer with a formal request to your Battalion Commander, who then decides whether or not to recommend you for Sniper School.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign up to attend Sniper School.\", \"描述\": \"If you meet the basic qualifications, volunteer, are recommended, and then finally accepted into the Army Sniper program, then you will be asked to register for the training course. The School lasts for seven weeks and takes place at Fort Benning, Georgia. During the course, you will study:\\nMarksmanship\\nRange estimation\\nTarget detection\\nStalks\\nWritten instruction\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the initial exercises.\", \"描述\": \"On the first day of sniper training, you will be put into a grouping exercise to test your initial abilities and potential for reconnaissance and marksmanship. If you do not pass this exercise, you will not be permitted to take the course.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the course.\", \"描述\": \"Each of the seven weeks of Sniper School is devoted to one or more specific aspects of sniper duties. You will study these both in the classroom and in various field exercises.\\nWeek 1 is devoted to stalks, range estimation, and target detection.\\nWeek 2 is devoted to ballistics as well as marksmanship using the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). This rifle is lighter and shorter than traditional sniper rifles, but can deliver precision fire to targets up to 800 meters.\\nWeek 3 is devoted to strategies for gathering data, as well as a written exam on information covered.\\nWeek 4 is devoted to making night shoots and the use of the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle (ESR).\\nWeek 5 is devoted to strategies for Unknown Distance (UKD) firing, moving targets, and the use of the M9 pistol.\\nWeek 6 is devoted to learning alternate firing positions, and the use of the M107 rifle. In addition, there is a final examination in the sixth week of Sniper School.\\nWeek 7 is devoted to field training exercises (FTX) to practice sniper techniques, and to final shooting exercises. At the end of the course, there is a graduation ceremony. Soldiers who successfully pass Sniper School will be awarded a diploma.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Both men and women are now eligible to become snipers.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,944 |
How to Become an Art Broker
|
1. Learning About the Art World
1-1. Research the job demands.
Art brokers work long, irregular hours, and often do all the work running their gallery or office. Most brokers work on commission, so pay can be irregular as well. Brokers also attend functions, shows, and meetings at all hours. Spend some time searching online or talking to gallery owners or art professors in the area.
1-2. Learn about art.
Art brokers don’t need to have college degrees, but they do need to have a very broad education in art, especially art history. If you don’t have an art background, educate yourself by reading everything you can about art history, attending every art museum or gallery you can, and going to art lectures and art show openings in your area.
Ask your library and local college for reading recommendations.
If you know anyone in the art world, ask them about their favorite books, museum catalogs, and websites.
1-3. Become a good salesperson
A good art broker is also a good salesperson. They need to convince the owner of a work of art that it should be sold, that they are the best broker to sell their work, and that they deserve their full commission. They then need to persuade someone else that the artwork is the perfect piece for them. Sales is an essential skill, and many art brokers have backgrounds in business and marketing.
Apply for sales positions at local stores and companies to get some practice.
If you don’t have a sales background, research sales pitches online and practice them on your friends and family.
1-4. Choose a specialization.
Every art broker has a specialty. Choose a genre, artist, location, or time period in art history, and make that the focus of your business. Most of the art you broker will fall into your specialization.
Choose a specialty that you love rather than a lucrative speciality. Trends in the art world can be unpredictable, and you will have to be very enthusiastic about the art you’re selling. If you hate Japanese woodcuts you won’t enjoy selling them.
You should also choose a specialty that will let you support a business in your area. If you live in a big arts city like New York, you can pick something very obscure, like fifteenth-century Russian icons. If you live in a smaller town far away from a major arts center, you can choose something much broader, like modern American art.
1-5. Research your specialization.
Once you know what you want to specialize in, learn everything you can about it. Read every major book on the subject, look up where the prominent collections are, and go to every event or lecture related to your speciality.
If you aren't sure what to read, try asking your local library or college's art history department for recommendations.
You can also search online for a syllabus about your subject. These will have a great mix of classic works and cutting-edge research on your specialty.
1-6. Know the major players in your area.
Find out who are the major figures in your area’s art scene. You’ll need to know about other brokers, prominent local artists, major collectors and museums in the area, and important galleries.
A good place to begin your research is your local college’s art department, which will have connections to the local art world.
Don't be afraid to introduce yourself to people working in galleries, museums, and art collectives. People who love art usually love talking about art!
Search social media event pages for local art events. The people coordinating and hosting them are usually very involved in the art world.
2. Networking
2-1. Apply for jobs or internships.
A job in the art field can increase your prestige and credibility with prospective clients. If you’ve never worked in art before, try to get a job or internship at a local gallery, museum, or artists’ collective. If you have a college degree in any area, contact your school’s alumni association for help finding openings. If that isn’t an option, introduce yourself to local gallery owners and museum workers and inquire about job openings.
If there are no arts jobs available in your area, volunteer at a museum or gallery!
2-2. Visit art shows.
Become a regular attendee at art shows--your local gallery will often have a calendar of events, or you can search social media. Prioritize your local shows, but if you are able to travel, go to everything related to your specialty that you can. Talk to anyone you can at these shows. They’re great places to meet collectors and artists.
2-3. Attend arts or community events.
Many art collectors are actively involved in community events and the larger arts world. Go to museum exhibit openings, lectures, arts fundraisers, and any event you know prominent arts figures will be attending. Social media is a great way to track attendees and find out what the next big arts event is.
2-4. Get to know artists or owners in your specialization.
Once you’re familiar with your local arts scene, focus on getting to know prospective clients who create or collect art in your chosen speciality. Ask friends and colleagues involved in art if they know anyone involved with your focus area, and introduce yourself to everyone connected with your specialty.
Reach out to people via social media!
If you focus on contemporary art, be sure to speak to artists at shows and give them your contact information.
Many art buyers are actually corporations looking for investments! Don’t forget to research companies that have shown an interest in art collecting. To get started, do an online search for corporate art buyers in your area.
3. Starting Your Own Brokerage
3-1. Establish a client base of buyers and sellers.
Ask people you know who are interested in your specialty if they are considering buying or selling art. Emphasize your knowledge and credentials to them, and use your sales pitch to convince them that you are the best broker for them.
Selling a work of art requires you to convince the buyer that the artwork is a good investment and is perfect for them. Learn your client’s preferences before you show them anything, and be prepared to explain why a work of art is high-quality.
If you work directly with artists to sell their work, focus on establishing a permanent partnership with them. Most brokers display an artist’s work in exchange for a commission when it sells, so an ongoing partnership with a prolific artist can be very profitable.
3-2. Find investors
Being a successful art broker requires investment capital. You’ll need to pay for a gallery or office, travel expenses to shows and meetings, and routine business expenses like internet access and office supplies.
Apply for a loan at your local bank.
If you have important connections in the art world, they may be willing to invest in your brokerage.
Ask your family to invest if they can.
3-3. Open a gallery or office
You’ll need a place to conduct business. Most art brokers operate out of their own galleries, which allows clients to see available art. You can even get walk-in clients using the gallery model. Other brokers operate out of offices, especially if they specialize in selling art to corporate clients.
You may be able to rent gallery space from an existing gallery or artists’ collective.
If there is an arts district in your town, try to establish your gallery there.
Choose a location that allows for lots of foot traffic--many buyers aren't necessarily collectors, but local people who simply saw something they liked. Good locations include downtown streets, boardwalks, and town centers.
Be sure to submit all plans to your investors before signing a lease or buying a property.
3-4. Consider purchasing art to sell.
Many brokers buy art directly from artists or other collectors and then sell it elsewhere for a profit. This can be more lucrative than simply collecting a commission. If you have the available capital, consider buying art to sell directly.
Buying directly from an artist or collector rather than another broker will increase your profit margins.
Be sure to buy art in your specialty. You may make a poor investment if your first art purchase is in a genre you are less familiar with.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning About the Art World\\n1-1. Research the job demands.\\nArt brokers work long, irregular hours, and often do all the work running their gallery or office. Most brokers work on commission, so pay can be irregular as well. Brokers also attend functions, shows, and meetings at all hours. Spend some time searching online or talking to gallery owners or art professors in the area.\\n1-2. Learn about art.\\nArt brokers don’t need to have college degrees, but they do need to have a very broad education in art, especially art history. If you don’t have an art background, educate yourself by reading everything you can about art history, attending every art museum or gallery you can, and going to art lectures and art show openings in your area.\\nAsk your library and local college for reading recommendations.\\nIf you know anyone in the art world, ask them about their favorite books, museum catalogs, and websites.\\n1-3. Become a good salesperson\\nA good art broker is also a good salesperson. They need to convince the owner of a work of art that it should be sold, that they are the best broker to sell their work, and that they deserve their full commission. They then need to persuade someone else that the artwork is the perfect piece for them. Sales is an essential skill, and many art brokers have backgrounds in business and marketing.\\nApply for sales positions at local stores and companies to get some practice.\\nIf you don’t have a sales background, research sales pitches online and practice them on your friends and family.\\n1-4. Choose a specialization.\\nEvery art broker has a specialty. Choose a genre, artist, location, or time period in art history, and make that the focus of your business. Most of the art you broker will fall into your specialization.\\nChoose a specialty that you love rather than a lucrative speciality. Trends in the art world can be unpredictable, and you will have to be very enthusiastic about the art you’re selling. If you hate Japanese woodcuts you won’t enjoy selling them.\\nYou should also choose a specialty that will let you support a business in your area. If you live in a big arts city like New York, you can pick something very obscure, like fifteenth-century Russian icons. If you live in a smaller town far away from a major arts center, you can choose something much broader, like modern American art.\\n1-5. Research your specialization.\\nOnce you know what you want to specialize in, learn everything you can about it. Read every major book on the subject, look up where the prominent collections are, and go to every event or lecture related to your speciality.\\nIf you aren't sure what to read, try asking your local library or college's art history department for recommendations.\\nYou can also search online for a syllabus about your subject. These will have a great mix of classic works and cutting-edge research on your specialty.\\n1-6. Know the major players in your area.\\nFind out who are the major figures in your area’s art scene. You’ll need to know about other brokers, prominent local artists, major collectors and museums in the area, and important galleries.\\nA good place to begin your research is your local college’s art department, which will have connections to the local art world.\\nDon't be afraid to introduce yourself to people working in galleries, museums, and art collectives. People who love art usually love talking about art!\\nSearch social media event pages for local art events. The people coordinating and hosting them are usually very involved in the art world.\\n2. Networking\\n2-1. Apply for jobs or internships.\\nA job in the art field can increase your prestige and credibility with prospective clients. If you’ve never worked in art before, try to get a job or internship at a local gallery, museum, or artists’ collective. If you have a college degree in any area, contact your school’s alumni association for help finding openings. If that isn’t an option, introduce yourself to local gallery owners and museum workers and inquire about job openings.\\nIf there are no arts jobs available in your area, volunteer at a museum or gallery!\\n2-2. Visit art shows.\\nBecome a regular attendee at art shows--your local gallery will often have a calendar of events, or you can search social media. Prioritize your local shows, but if you are able to travel, go to everything related to your specialty that you can. Talk to anyone you can at these shows. They’re great places to meet collectors and artists.\\n2-3. Attend arts or community events.\\nMany art collectors are actively involved in community events and the larger arts world. Go to museum exhibit openings, lectures, arts fundraisers, and any event you know prominent arts figures will be attending. Social media is a great way to track attendees and find out what the next big arts event is.\\n2-4. Get to know artists or owners in your specialization.\\nOnce you’re familiar with your local arts scene, focus on getting to know prospective clients who create or collect art in your chosen speciality. Ask friends and colleagues involved in art if they know anyone involved with your focus area, and introduce yourself to everyone connected with your specialty.\\nReach out to people via social media!\\nIf you focus on contemporary art, be sure to speak to artists at shows and give them your contact information.\\nMany art buyers are actually corporations looking for investments! Don’t forget to research companies that have shown an interest in art collecting. To get started, do an online search for corporate art buyers in your area.\\n3. Starting Your Own Brokerage\\n3-1. Establish a client base of buyers and sellers.\\nAsk people you know who are interested in your specialty if they are considering buying or selling art. Emphasize your knowledge and credentials to them, and use your sales pitch to convince them that you are the best broker for them.\\nSelling a work of art requires you to convince the buyer that the artwork is a good investment and is perfect for them. Learn your client’s preferences before you show them anything, and be prepared to explain why a work of art is high-quality.\\nIf you work directly with artists to sell their work, focus on establishing a permanent partnership with them. Most brokers display an artist’s work in exchange for a commission when it sells, so an ongoing partnership with a prolific artist can be very profitable.\\n3-2. Find investors\\nBeing a successful art broker requires investment capital. You’ll need to pay for a gallery or office, travel expenses to shows and meetings, and routine business expenses like internet access and office supplies.\\nApply for a loan at your local bank.\\nIf you have important connections in the art world, they may be willing to invest in your brokerage.\\nAsk your family to invest if they can.\\n3-3. Open a gallery or office\\nYou’ll need a place to conduct business. Most art brokers operate out of their own galleries, which allows clients to see available art. You can even get walk-in clients using the gallery model. Other brokers operate out of offices, especially if they specialize in selling art to corporate clients.\\nYou may be able to rent gallery space from an existing gallery or artists’ collective.\\nIf there is an arts district in your town, try to establish your gallery there.\\nChoose a location that allows for lots of foot traffic--many buyers aren't necessarily collectors, but local people who simply saw something they liked. Good locations include downtown streets, boardwalks, and town centers.\\nBe sure to submit all plans to your investors before signing a lease or buying a property.\\n3-4. Consider purchasing art to sell.\\nMany brokers buy art directly from artists or other collectors and then sell it elsewhere for a profit. This can be more lucrative than simply collecting a commission. If you have the available capital, consider buying art to sell directly.\\nBuying directly from an artist or collector rather than another broker will increase your profit margins.\\nBe sure to buy art in your specialty. You may make a poor investment if your first art purchase is in a genre you are less familiar with.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An art broker (also called an art dealer) acts as the representative of an artist or collector to sell a work of art for commission. A good broker should be an art expert, well-connected in their arts community, and a good salesperson. You'll need to learn everything you can about art, especially in your chosen specialty. Then you can get started networking and building your business in the exciting world of art!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning About the Art World\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the job demands.\", \"描述\": \"Art brokers work long, irregular hours, and often do all the work running their gallery or office. Most brokers work on commission, so pay can be irregular as well. Brokers also attend functions, shows, and meetings at all hours. Spend some time searching online or talking to gallery owners or art professors in the area.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about art.\", \"描述\": \"Art brokers don’t need to have college degrees, but they do need to have a very broad education in art, especially art history. If you don’t have an art background, educate yourself by reading everything you can about art history, attending every art museum or gallery you can, and going to art lectures and art show openings in your area.\\nAsk your library and local college for reading recommendations.\\nIf you know anyone in the art world, ask them about their favorite books, museum catalogs, and websites.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a good salesperson\", \"描述\": \"A good art broker is also a good salesperson. They need to convince the owner of a work of art that it should be sold, that they are the best broker to sell their work, and that they deserve their full commission. They then need to persuade someone else that the artwork is the perfect piece for them. Sales is an essential skill, and many art brokers have backgrounds in business and marketing.\\nApply for sales positions at local stores and companies to get some practice.\\nIf you don’t have a sales background, research sales pitches online and practice them on your friends and family.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a specialization.\", \"描述\": \"Every art broker has a specialty. Choose a genre, artist, location, or time period in art history, and make that the focus of your business. Most of the art you broker will fall into your specialization.\\nChoose a specialty that you love rather than a lucrative speciality. Trends in the art world can be unpredictable, and you will have to be very enthusiastic about the art you’re selling. If you hate Japanese woodcuts you won’t enjoy selling them.\\nYou should also choose a specialty that will let you support a business in your area. If you live in a big arts city like New York, you can pick something very obscure, like fifteenth-century Russian icons. If you live in a smaller town far away from a major arts center, you can choose something much broader, like modern American art.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Research your specialization.\", \"描述\": \"Once you know what you want to specialize in, learn everything you can about it. Read every major book on the subject, look up where the prominent collections are, and go to every event or lecture related to your speciality.\\nIf you aren't sure what to read, try asking your local library or college's art history department for recommendations.\\nYou can also search online for a syllabus about your subject. These will have a great mix of classic works and cutting-edge research on your specialty.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Know the major players in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Find out who are the major figures in your area’s art scene. You’ll need to know about other brokers, prominent local artists, major collectors and museums in the area, and important galleries.\\nA good place to begin your research is your local college’s art department, which will have connections to the local art world.\\nDon't be afraid to introduce yourself to people working in galleries, museums, and art collectives. People who love art usually love talking about art!\\nSearch social media event pages for local art events. The people coordinating and hosting them are usually very involved in the art world.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Networking\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs or internships.\", \"描述\": \"A job in the art field can increase your prestige and credibility with prospective clients. If you’ve never worked in art before, try to get a job or internship at a local gallery, museum, or artists’ collective. If you have a college degree in any area, contact your school’s alumni association for help finding openings. If that isn’t an option, introduce yourself to local gallery owners and museum workers and inquire about job openings.\\nIf there are no arts jobs available in your area, volunteer at a museum or gallery!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit art shows.\", \"描述\": \"Become a regular attendee at art shows--your local gallery will often have a calendar of events, or you can search social media. Prioritize your local shows, but if you are able to travel, go to everything related to your specialty that you can. Talk to anyone you can at these shows. They’re great places to meet collectors and artists.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend arts or community events.\", \"描述\": \"Many art collectors are actively involved in community events and the larger arts world. Go to museum exhibit openings, lectures, arts fundraisers, and any event you know prominent arts figures will be attending. Social media is a great way to track attendees and find out what the next big arts event is.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get to know artists or owners in your specialization.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re familiar with your local arts scene, focus on getting to know prospective clients who create or collect art in your chosen speciality. Ask friends and colleagues involved in art if they know anyone involved with your focus area, and introduce yourself to everyone connected with your specialty.\\nReach out to people via social media!\\nIf you focus on contemporary art, be sure to speak to artists at shows and give them your contact information.\\nMany art buyers are actually corporations looking for investments! Don’t forget to research companies that have shown an interest in art collecting. To get started, do an online search for corporate art buyers in your area.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Own Brokerage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establish a client base of buyers and sellers.\", \"描述\": \"Ask people you know who are interested in your specialty if they are considering buying or selling art. Emphasize your knowledge and credentials to them, and use your sales pitch to convince them that you are the best broker for them.\\nSelling a work of art requires you to convince the buyer that the artwork is a good investment and is perfect for them. Learn your client’s preferences before you show them anything, and be prepared to explain why a work of art is high-quality.\\nIf you work directly with artists to sell their work, focus on establishing a permanent partnership with them. Most brokers display an artist’s work in exchange for a commission when it sells, so an ongoing partnership with a prolific artist can be very profitable.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find investors\", \"描述\": \"Being a successful art broker requires investment capital. You’ll need to pay for a gallery or office, travel expenses to shows and meetings, and routine business expenses like internet access and office supplies.\\nApply for a loan at your local bank.\\nIf you have important connections in the art world, they may be willing to invest in your brokerage.\\nAsk your family to invest if they can.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Open a gallery or office\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need a place to conduct business. Most art brokers operate out of their own galleries, which allows clients to see available art. You can even get walk-in clients using the gallery model. Other brokers operate out of offices, especially if they specialize in selling art to corporate clients.\\nYou may be able to rent gallery space from an existing gallery or artists’ collective.\\nIf there is an arts district in your town, try to establish your gallery there.\\nChoose a location that allows for lots of foot traffic--many buyers aren't necessarily collectors, but local people who simply saw something they liked. Good locations include downtown streets, boardwalks, and town centers.\\nBe sure to submit all plans to your investors before signing a lease or buying a property.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider purchasing art to sell.\", \"描述\": \"Many brokers buy art directly from artists or other collectors and then sell it elsewhere for a profit. This can be more lucrative than simply collecting a commission. If you have the available capital, consider buying art to sell directly.\\nBuying directly from an artist or collector rather than another broker will increase your profit margins.\\nBe sure to buy art in your specialty. You may make a poor investment if your first art purchase is in a genre you are less familiar with.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,945 |
How to Become an Art Director in Film
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1. Developing the Right Skills
1-1. Enroll in an undergraduate art program.
Having an arts degree will make it easier to get a job in the film industry. Art directors must have a broad understanding of the arts, so enroll in courses that cover a wide variety of artistic subjects. Some good places to start are:
As an art director you’ll be responsible for designing sets, so you want to develop an understanding of construction, building, and technical drawing.
Part of the set design you’ll do as an art director includes interior design, so you want to learn how to use props and decor to create a visually appealing aesthetic.
Understanding how sets and props factor into a performance will help you down the road when you’re responsible for creating large-scale sets that directors and actors have to work with.
1-2. Watch a lot of films.
Study them and take notes. Pay attention to a film’s overall aesthetic, asking yourself what you liked and didn’t like about it. Understanding how art and design can be used to fulfill a director’s vision is essential if you want to be an art director.
If you liked a particular set design or artistic element of a film, look up the art director behind it and study their career.
1-3. Cultivate the necessary personal skills.
Practice working on a team with other people, because as an art director you’ll be responsible for managing multiple departments and film crews. Work on your time management and organizational skills, and flex your creativity whenever possible. You’ll also want to be good at budgeting and working with money.
Volunteer for a local production or film company to gain experience and work on your personal skills.
Enroll in financial literacy courses to learn about money and budgeting.
1-4. Get your driver’s license.
Most art director positions will require you to do a lot of driving (driving to and from set, transporting supplies, driving to meet with the different crews, etc). Look up your local requirements for obtaining a driver’s license and work on getting one so it doesn't become a deal breaker down the road.
1-5. Go to graduate school to increase your chances of landing a job.
Get your master’s in production design. A lot of aspiring art directors go this route. You’ll get advanced training in architecture, digital design, and other crucial aspects of film production that you’ll need to know to be an art director.
2. Gaining Experience
2-1. Apply for entry level art jobs.
On top of your skills and training, you’ll need a lot of first-hand experience to land a job as an art director. An entry level art job is a great place to start gaining that experience. Look for any art-related job that will teach you some of the practical skills you’ll need to be an art director. There are several routes you can take:
Apply to be an art department assistant. As an art department assistant, you’d be working in a department managed by an art director, so it’s a great opportunity to build practical experience and get a look at what your career might be like some day.
Apply for a construction job with a local production or film company. A big part of being an art director is designing and building sets, so understanding how construction works will look great on your resume.
Apply for a studio arts job. Having practical drawing, painting, or sculpting experience will help you get your foot in the door at an art department for a film.
2-2. Work your way up through the ranks.
Jumping right from an entry level position to a job as an art director isn’t a realistic goal. Devote the first five or more years of your career to learning everything you can about the industry and getting promoted to different roles. Use your education and experience as leverage to get more in-depth positions working on film productions.
2-3. Build an impressive portfolio.
Fill it with photographs of sets you’ve designed, artwork you’ve created, or other relevant experience that prospective employers will want to see. Use your portfolio to secure better jobs. Eventually, you will have a range of professional work you can use to land a job as an art director.
Have both an online portfolio and a physical portfolio to show prospective employers. Search online for free portfolio websites where you can upload and display your work.
3. Finding Work
3-1. Network
Reach out to production designers or other art directors and ask them if they know of any opportunities for work. Make sure your portfolio is in great shape and show it to whoever you’re networking with.
3-2. Join a local or national art director’s union.
Some filmmakers will only staff their art department with unionized artists. Do an online search to see if there’s a union in your area, or check if there’s a nationally-operated union you can apply to. Being part of a union will give you instant access to professionals in the industry that can help you get a job.
Some art director’s unions have a competitive application process. Before applying, make sure your portfolio is updated and full of your best work.
3-3. Leverage your experience working in art departments for films.
If you’re ready to apply for an art director position, you should have at least 5 years experience working within an art department. You’ve probably worked your way up through a variety of roles, like art department assistant, draughtsmen, and assistant art director. Use what you learned in these roles - and the portfolio pieces you've accumulated along the way - to convince a production designer or director that you’re ready to take on the title of art director.
For example, if you know a production designer is assembling a team for a new project, and you worked as the assistant art director on their last production, you could reach out and express your interest in working as the art director on their new film.
3-4. Be persistent.
It’s not easy to get an art director position, especially on big-budget productions. Keep networking and never stop working in the industry, even if it means taking a lower position within a film’s art department. Continue to learn and expand your portfolio so one day you’re able to get that official art director title.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing the Right Skills\\n1-1. Enroll in an undergraduate art program.\\nHaving an arts degree will make it easier to get a job in the film industry. Art directors must have a broad understanding of the arts, so enroll in courses that cover a wide variety of artistic subjects. Some good places to start are:\\n\\n As an art director you’ll be responsible for designing sets, so you want to develop an understanding of construction, building, and technical drawing.\\n Part of the set design you’ll do as an art director includes interior design, so you want to learn how to use props and decor to create a visually appealing aesthetic.\\n Understanding how sets and props factor into a performance will help you down the road when you’re responsible for creating large-scale sets that directors and actors have to work with.\\n1-2. Watch a lot of films.\\nStudy them and take notes. Pay attention to a film’s overall aesthetic, asking yourself what you liked and didn’t like about it. Understanding how art and design can be used to fulfill a director’s vision is essential if you want to be an art director.\\nIf you liked a particular set design or artistic element of a film, look up the art director behind it and study their career.\\n1-3. Cultivate the necessary personal skills.\\nPractice working on a team with other people, because as an art director you’ll be responsible for managing multiple departments and film crews. Work on your time management and organizational skills, and flex your creativity whenever possible. You’ll also want to be good at budgeting and working with money.\\nVolunteer for a local production or film company to gain experience and work on your personal skills.\\nEnroll in financial literacy courses to learn about money and budgeting.\\n1-4. Get your driver’s license.\\nMost art director positions will require you to do a lot of driving (driving to and from set, transporting supplies, driving to meet with the different crews, etc). Look up your local requirements for obtaining a driver’s license and work on getting one so it doesn't become a deal breaker down the road.\\n1-5. Go to graduate school to increase your chances of landing a job.\\nGet your master’s in production design. A lot of aspiring art directors go this route. You’ll get advanced training in architecture, digital design, and other crucial aspects of film production that you’ll need to know to be an art director.\\n2. Gaining Experience\\n2-1. Apply for entry level art jobs.\\nOn top of your skills and training, you’ll need a lot of first-hand experience to land a job as an art director. An entry level art job is a great place to start gaining that experience. Look for any art-related job that will teach you some of the practical skills you’ll need to be an art director. There are several routes you can take:\\nApply to be an art department assistant. As an art department assistant, you’d be working in a department managed by an art director, so it’s a great opportunity to build practical experience and get a look at what your career might be like some day.\\nApply for a construction job with a local production or film company. A big part of being an art director is designing and building sets, so understanding how construction works will look great on your resume.\\nApply for a studio arts job. Having practical drawing, painting, or sculpting experience will help you get your foot in the door at an art department for a film.\\n2-2. Work your way up through the ranks.\\nJumping right from an entry level position to a job as an art director isn’t a realistic goal. Devote the first five or more years of your career to learning everything you can about the industry and getting promoted to different roles. Use your education and experience as leverage to get more in-depth positions working on film productions.\\n2-3. Build an impressive portfolio.\\nFill it with photographs of sets you’ve designed, artwork you’ve created, or other relevant experience that prospective employers will want to see. Use your portfolio to secure better jobs. Eventually, you will have a range of professional work you can use to land a job as an art director.\\nHave both an online portfolio and a physical portfolio to show prospective employers. Search online for free portfolio websites where you can upload and display your work.\\n3. Finding Work\\n3-1. Network\\nReach out to production designers or other art directors and ask them if they know of any opportunities for work. Make sure your portfolio is in great shape and show it to whoever you’re networking with.\\n3-2. Join a local or national art director’s union.\\nSome filmmakers will only staff their art department with unionized artists. Do an online search to see if there’s a union in your area, or check if there’s a nationally-operated union you can apply to. Being part of a union will give you instant access to professionals in the industry that can help you get a job.\\nSome art director’s unions have a competitive application process. Before applying, make sure your portfolio is updated and full of your best work.\\n3-3. Leverage your experience working in art departments for films.\\nIf you’re ready to apply for an art director position, you should have at least 5 years experience working within an art department. You’ve probably worked your way up through a variety of roles, like art department assistant, draughtsmen, and assistant art director. Use what you learned in these roles - and the portfolio pieces you've accumulated along the way - to convince a production designer or director that you’re ready to take on the title of art director.\\nFor example, if you know a production designer is assembling a team for a new project, and you worked as the assistant art director on their last production, you could reach out and express your interest in working as the art director on their new film.\\n3-4. Be persistent.\\nIt’s not easy to get an art director position, especially on big-budget productions. Keep networking and never stop working in the industry, even if it means taking a lower position within a film’s art department. Continue to learn and expand your portfolio so one day you’re able to get that official art director title.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"On a film set, an art director is responsible for all of the artistic and visual designs used for a production. If you’re interested in becoming an art director in film, you need to possess the artistic and structural insight of an architect, an interior designer, and an artist. It will take a lot of training and experience to get there, but once you understand the ins and outs of the industry and have an impressive portfolio, you can start pursuing the big-budget roles you’re interested in.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing the Right Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an undergraduate art program.\", \"描述\": \"Having an arts degree will make it easier to get a job in the film industry. Art directors must have a broad understanding of the arts, so enroll in courses that cover a wide variety of artistic subjects. Some good places to start are:\\n\\n As an art director you’ll be responsible for designing sets, so you want to develop an understanding of construction, building, and technical drawing.\\n Part of the set design you’ll do as an art director includes interior design, so you want to learn how to use props and decor to create a visually appealing aesthetic.\\n Understanding how sets and props factor into a performance will help you down the road when you’re responsible for creating large-scale sets that directors and actors have to work with.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch a lot of films.\", \"描述\": \"Study them and take notes. Pay attention to a film’s overall aesthetic, asking yourself what you liked and didn’t like about it. Understanding how art and design can be used to fulfill a director’s vision is essential if you want to be an art director.\\nIf you liked a particular set design or artistic element of a film, look up the art director behind it and study their career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cultivate the necessary personal skills.\", \"描述\": \"Practice working on a team with other people, because as an art director you’ll be responsible for managing multiple departments and film crews. Work on your time management and organizational skills, and flex your creativity whenever possible. You’ll also want to be good at budgeting and working with money.\\nVolunteer for a local production or film company to gain experience and work on your personal skills.\\nEnroll in financial literacy courses to learn about money and budgeting.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your driver’s license.\", \"描述\": \"Most art director positions will require you to do a lot of driving (driving to and from set, transporting supplies, driving to meet with the different crews, etc). Look up your local requirements for obtaining a driver’s license and work on getting one so it doesn't become a deal breaker down the road.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go to graduate school to increase your chances of landing a job.\", \"描述\": \"Get your master’s in production design. A lot of aspiring art directors go this route. You’ll get advanced training in architecture, digital design, and other crucial aspects of film production that you’ll need to know to be an art director.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for entry level art jobs.\", \"描述\": \"On top of your skills and training, you’ll need a lot of first-hand experience to land a job as an art director. An entry level art job is a great place to start gaining that experience. Look for any art-related job that will teach you some of the practical skills you’ll need to be an art director. There are several routes you can take:\\nApply to be an art department assistant. As an art department assistant, you’d be working in a department managed by an art director, so it’s a great opportunity to build practical experience and get a look at what your career might be like some day.\\nApply for a construction job with a local production or film company. A big part of being an art director is designing and building sets, so understanding how construction works will look great on your resume.\\nApply for a studio arts job. Having practical drawing, painting, or sculpting experience will help you get your foot in the door at an art department for a film.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work your way up through the ranks.\", \"描述\": \"Jumping right from an entry level position to a job as an art director isn’t a realistic goal. Devote the first five or more years of your career to learning everything you can about the industry and getting promoted to different roles. Use your education and experience as leverage to get more in-depth positions working on film productions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build an impressive portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"Fill it with photographs of sets you’ve designed, artwork you’ve created, or other relevant experience that prospective employers will want to see. Use your portfolio to secure better jobs. Eventually, you will have a range of professional work you can use to land a job as an art director.\\nHave both an online portfolio and a physical portfolio to show prospective employers. Search online for free portfolio websites where you can upload and display your work.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Network\", \"描述\": \"Reach out to production designers or other art directors and ask them if they know of any opportunities for work. Make sure your portfolio is in great shape and show it to whoever you’re networking with.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a local or national art director’s union.\", \"描述\": \"Some filmmakers will only staff their art department with unionized artists. Do an online search to see if there’s a union in your area, or check if there’s a nationally-operated union you can apply to. Being part of a union will give you instant access to professionals in the industry that can help you get a job.\\nSome art director’s unions have a competitive application process. Before applying, make sure your portfolio is updated and full of your best work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Leverage your experience working in art departments for films.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re ready to apply for an art director position, you should have at least 5 years experience working within an art department. You’ve probably worked your way up through a variety of roles, like art department assistant, draughtsmen, and assistant art director. Use what you learned in these roles - and the portfolio pieces you've accumulated along the way - to convince a production designer or director that you’re ready to take on the title of art director.\\nFor example, if you know a production designer is assembling a team for a new project, and you worked as the assistant art director on their last production, you could reach out and express your interest in working as the art director on their new film.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be persistent.\", \"描述\": \"It’s not easy to get an art director position, especially on big-budget productions. Keep networking and never stop working in the industry, even if it means taking a lower position within a film’s art department. Continue to learn and expand your portfolio so one day you’re able to get that official art director title.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,946 |
How to Become an Artist
|
1. Learning the Basics on Your Own
1-1. Try a generous selection of differing mediums of art.
If you have never spent much time creating art, it may feel daunting to try to become an artist. The truth is, everyone is an artist; they just need to express their creative ideas in a great way. If there is a specific type of art you would like to learn more about, go for it, but don’t be afraid to branch out and try other mediums as well. Some of the most basic forms of art include:
Drawing: This medium can range from the most basic of sketches to intricate architectural designs. Drawings are generally created with a pencil, pen, charcoal, or crayon. Drawings can be of objects placed right in front of you, or images out of your imagination.
Painting: This medium uses paint brushes to create both real life and imagined images with paint. Painting often delves into the abstract--a painting made in red and purple hues might be a representation of a feeling--such as love--that the painter was feeling while he or she worked.
Photography: Photography uses a film or digital camera to capture a moment in time. Photographs often tell us about what the world was like at the exact moment that the photo was taken. Photos can reflect great beauty or great horror--just as the world can too.
Sculpting: Sculpting is the process of taking a material (clay, wood, metal, etc.) and shaping the material into a work of art or a functional tool (and sometimes both at the same time.)
1-2. Recognize your strengths and weaknesses.
Once you have tried out all of the mediums, decide which ones you are stronger at. Often someone who is fantastic at creating sculptures out of clay cannot paint to save their life. Of course, there are other people who seem like they were created solely to be fantastic artists and excel at every medium.
Another important thing to keep in mind is which medium you enjoy working with most. If you are fantastic drawer but feel yourself pulled toward sculpting, why not give this new medium a try.
1-3. Do your research and learn the basics.
Pick up some books on the medium(s) you have chosen to focus on (for now). Learn as much as you can about the medium—read books and articles, watch instructional videos, and research various methods and approaches other artists in your medium take. One of the best ways to learn is by studying the work of others who have come before you. It is completely possible to teach yourself how to be a great artist, you just have to put effort into learning the basics. If you feel like you need a little help, you can always supplement your research with an art class (see Part Two of this article.)
Part of researching your medium means learning the basics about that medium. Learn about the color wheel (primary colors vs. secondary colors, how shading works, etc.)
A key part of your research should consist of what supplies you will need to actually create art. If you can’t seem to find a specific list, you can also use an internet search engine and type in something like ‘basic art supplies needed for drawing.’
1-4. Get the supplies you will need for the medium you have chosen.
Sadly, art supplies can be pretty costly--but very worth it. You can buy the supplies you need at large art and craft stores like Michaels, or you can find a local, smaller art store in your area. To find a smaller art store near you, pull up your favorite internet search engine and type in “art supply stores in [Your Hometown’s Name].”
If you are not sure of what you need, or how necessary a particular item it, be sure to ask an attendant. Chances are they will turn out to be deep wells of artistic knowledge (they may even be able to point you in the direction of some art classes.)
1-5. Observe the world around you with the eye of an artist.
A key part of being an artist is observing the world around you and reflecting it in your art work. Notice how the light changes during the day, how colors affect you, how an interaction makes you feel. As the saying goes, it is actually really important to stop and smell the roses. Take the time to become fully aware of your surroundings and let your observations seep into your work.
For instance, if you see a couple sitting under a tree, notice how their bodies interact with the nature around them. What is the light like? What colors are predominant? How would you frame the scene--would you focus on their faces, on the colors, on the tree? Paying attention to how you see the world will help you to translate your observations into art.
1-6. Make time for your art every day.
Many artists dedicate their lives to creating art. While you do not have to spend every single second of your day working on a painting, do try to dedicate some time each day (or every other day) to working on your project, whatever it might be. Make creating art a priority.
1-7. Seek out the opinions of others.
Don’t be afraid to show your work to people. Value someone’s honest opinion, even if it is compiled of constructive criticism. Ask a few people whose opinion you value to look at your art. Don’t be discouraged if they aren’t gasping in awe--for most people it takes time to really develop a talent for creating art.
Ask them what they think you could get better at. Maybe you have a hard time drawing hands, or you can’t seem to get the handle of a clay mug quite right. A second pair of eyes will help you to see what needs work.
1-8. Develop your own style.
The best way to define yourself as a unique artist is to create your own style within the medium that you have learned. No one can teach you your own style--you need to discover it for yourself. Try experimenting with different techniques. Break yourself out of your comfort zone.
For example, if you like to paint still-life paintings, try painting a still life by adding your own touch to it rather that simply replicating what is in front of you. Change the colors, make the subjects look cartoon-y or distorted in some way--play around with it.
2. Learning From Others
2-1. Enroll in local art classes.
Perhaps the easiest way to learn the basics of any medium is to enroll in an art class. Art studios, schools, co-ops, and other groups will often hold art classes that can last anywhere for one night to many months. You will be taught by other artists who can show you how to master the basics of your medium, while also helping you to follow your own artistic path.
To find art classes in your town, you can look at local newspaper event listings, talk to friends you might have in the artist community, or simply run a search for ‘art classes in [Name of Your Town]’ on your favorite internet search engine.
2-2. Study the masters.
Visit museums and peruse books on all sorts of art and design. Learn from the masters by looking carefully at their works. A great way to hone your skill is to try to imitate the art of someone considered to be a master the world over. Try motifs and techniques that catch your interest.
A great way to improve in your artistic medium is to select a work by a master and try to replicate it as best you can. For instance, if you want to improve your painting skills, pick a painting by Vincent Van Gogh, such as “Starry Night” and try to paint it. When you have painted it as close to the original as possible, paint it again, this time allowing yourself to go a little outside the original. Add details that you think you would have added, had you been standing next to Van Gogh looking up at that starry sky. Perhaps the colors would be different, the tree more (or less) defined, etc.
2-3. Go to art school.
If you want to take your art career to the next level, you could consider going to art school. Some things to consider when picking an art school include reputation, costs, strength of the courses and professors, location, and facilities (do they have a dark room? a kiln? etc.) Consider if you think this school will bolster your strengths and improve your weaknesses. You will have to apply for any art school you want to attend. Find out how to do that here.
You should also consider going to an art school vs. attending university. Some universities have excellent art programs. The main difference is that art schools will tailor their general education classes around art (for instance, a history GE course that might normally be ‘History of the United States’ would instead be ‘Artists in the American Revolution.’
2-4. Make friends in the artist community.
Making friends that have the same passion for art that you have is a great way to really immerse yourself in the world of art. Having artist friends can be beneficial because they can offer you criticism on your work (and actually know what they’re talking about,) teach you new techniques, and inspire you with their own work.
To find like-minded artists, see if your town, school, or church has any artist clubs that you could join. You could look in newspaper event listings, or search for local groups on the internet. You could even consider joining a virtual art group--there are many online forums that you can become a part of and chat with people who love art as much as you do.
2-5. Visit art studios.
Another great way to see what other artists are creating in your medium is to go to art gallery openings in your area. Art galleries are great places to meet people and see other artists’ work. You may find that you are inspired to try a new technique.
3. Promoting Your Work
3-1. Create an art portfolio.
A portfolio is a collection of your best work that you show to potential employers, clients, galleries, etc. It is essentially a reflection of what you are most proud of about your art. Only select the pieces you feel are your best work and reflect your style best.
If you are a sculptor, take photos of your art to put into your portfolio. This is much easier than carrying a bunch of sculptures around with you wherever you go.
3-2. Network with people in the art world.
As an artist just joining the art world, you will want to make as many connections as possible. Your network can consist of your family, friends, classmates, professors, bosses, mentors, etc. Ask these people in your network if they know of any artistic opportunities that you may be able to get involved with (i.e. gallery openings, free classes, places that like to show local art work, etc.).
Look for art networking events in your area. Run an internet search of art events and networking opportunities in your area.
Go out of your way to meet people who you think may be able to help you become a better artist or boost your career. If a professor says her world-famous painter friend is coming to town, and you are an aspiring painter, ask your professor if you could perhaps briefly meet with her friend. Don’t be let down if she says no--there are truly thousands of opportunities for you to build your network.
3-3. Find a venue where you can show your work.
Showing your work is one of the best ways to get recognition for the pieces you have created. Find out if any local coffee shops, bars, restaurants, etc. ever hang the work of local artists on their walls. If they do, bring in a portfolio and show them some of your work. Find out if they would like to hang up your pieces for a set amount of time.
You could also talk to local galleries and see if you could get some of your pieces into their next show. Galleries often like to promote local art.
3-4. Get internships with a master artist.
In this case, internships are more like apprenticeships. Being a studio helper for a great artist in your medium can be one of the best ways to learn more about your medium (while also lodging you in the inner circle of the artist community.)
If you have gone to art school, find out if any of your professors need a studio assistant or any help with projects that he or she is working on. Professors can be a great link to the more prominent art world, and working with them in their studio will help you to practice what they have taught you in their classes.
Tips
Doodling actually helps your perspective.[13]
X
Trustworthy Source
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School's Educational Site for the Public
Go to source
When you draw recklessly, it helps you see what you're capable of.
Art is made to be seen. Don't be so scared to let people see what you've done.
Keep old drawings/paintings/sculptures etc. to encourage you as you see your improvement.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning the Basics on Your Own\\n1-1. Try a generous selection of differing mediums of art.\\nIf you have never spent much time creating art, it may feel daunting to try to become an artist. The truth is, everyone is an artist; they just need to express their creative ideas in a great way. If there is a specific type of art you would like to learn more about, go for it, but don’t be afraid to branch out and try other mediums as well. Some of the most basic forms of art include:\\n\\n Drawing: This medium can range from the most basic of sketches to intricate architectural designs. Drawings are generally created with a pencil, pen, charcoal, or crayon. Drawings can be of objects placed right in front of you, or images out of your imagination.\\n Painting: This medium uses paint brushes to create both real life and imagined images with paint. Painting often delves into the abstract--a painting made in red and purple hues might be a representation of a feeling--such as love--that the painter was feeling while he or she worked.\\nPhotography: Photography uses a film or digital camera to capture a moment in time. Photographs often tell us about what the world was like at the exact moment that the photo was taken. Photos can reflect great beauty or great horror--just as the world can too.\\nSculpting: Sculpting is the process of taking a material (clay, wood, metal, etc.) and shaping the material into a work of art or a functional tool (and sometimes both at the same time.)\\n1-2. Recognize your strengths and weaknesses.\\nOnce you have tried out all of the mediums, decide which ones you are stronger at. Often someone who is fantastic at creating sculptures out of clay cannot paint to save their life. Of course, there are other people who seem like they were created solely to be fantastic artists and excel at every medium.\\nAnother important thing to keep in mind is which medium you enjoy working with most. If you are fantastic drawer but feel yourself pulled toward sculpting, why not give this new medium a try.\\n1-3. Do your research and learn the basics.\\nPick up some books on the medium(s) you have chosen to focus on (for now). Learn as much as you can about the medium—read books and articles, watch instructional videos, and research various methods and approaches other artists in your medium take. One of the best ways to learn is by studying the work of others who have come before you. It is completely possible to teach yourself how to be a great artist, you just have to put effort into learning the basics. If you feel like you need a little help, you can always supplement your research with an art class (see Part Two of this article.)\\nPart of researching your medium means learning the basics about that medium. Learn about the color wheel (primary colors vs. secondary colors, how shading works, etc.)\\nA key part of your research should consist of what supplies you will need to actually create art. If you can’t seem to find a specific list, you can also use an internet search engine and type in something like ‘basic art supplies needed for drawing.’\\n1-4. Get the supplies you will need for the medium you have chosen.\\nSadly, art supplies can be pretty costly--but very worth it. You can buy the supplies you need at large art and craft stores like Michaels, or you can find a local, smaller art store in your area. To find a smaller art store near you, pull up your favorite internet search engine and type in “art supply stores in [Your Hometown’s Name].”\\nIf you are not sure of what you need, or how necessary a particular item it, be sure to ask an attendant. Chances are they will turn out to be deep wells of artistic knowledge (they may even be able to point you in the direction of some art classes.)\\n1-5. Observe the world around you with the eye of an artist.\\nA key part of being an artist is observing the world around you and reflecting it in your art work. Notice how the light changes during the day, how colors affect you, how an interaction makes you feel. As the saying goes, it is actually really important to stop and smell the roses. Take the time to become fully aware of your surroundings and let your observations seep into your work.\\nFor instance, if you see a couple sitting under a tree, notice how their bodies interact with the nature around them. What is the light like? What colors are predominant? How would you frame the scene--would you focus on their faces, on the colors, on the tree? Paying attention to how you see the world will help you to translate your observations into art.\\n1-6. Make time for your art every day.\\nMany artists dedicate their lives to creating art. While you do not have to spend every single second of your day working on a painting, do try to dedicate some time each day (or every other day) to working on your project, whatever it might be. Make creating art a priority.\\n1-7. Seek out the opinions of others.\\nDon’t be afraid to show your work to people. Value someone’s honest opinion, even if it is compiled of constructive criticism. Ask a few people whose opinion you value to look at your art. Don’t be discouraged if they aren’t gasping in awe--for most people it takes time to really develop a talent for creating art.\\nAsk them what they think you could get better at. Maybe you have a hard time drawing hands, or you can’t seem to get the handle of a clay mug quite right. A second pair of eyes will help you to see what needs work.\\n1-8. Develop your own style.\\nThe best way to define yourself as a unique artist is to create your own style within the medium that you have learned. No one can teach you your own style--you need to discover it for yourself. Try experimenting with different techniques. Break yourself out of your comfort zone.\\nFor example, if you like to paint still-life paintings, try painting a still life by adding your own touch to it rather that simply replicating what is in front of you. Change the colors, make the subjects look cartoon-y or distorted in some way--play around with it.\\n2. Learning From Others\\n2-1. Enroll in local art classes.\\nPerhaps the easiest way to learn the basics of any medium is to enroll in an art class. Art studios, schools, co-ops, and other groups will often hold art classes that can last anywhere for one night to many months. You will be taught by other artists who can show you how to master the basics of your medium, while also helping you to follow your own artistic path.\\nTo find art classes in your town, you can look at local newspaper event listings, talk to friends you might have in the artist community, or simply run a search for ‘art classes in [Name of Your Town]’ on your favorite internet search engine.\\n2-2. Study the masters.\\nVisit museums and peruse books on all sorts of art and design. Learn from the masters by looking carefully at their works. A great way to hone your skill is to try to imitate the art of someone considered to be a master the world over. Try motifs and techniques that catch your interest.\\nA great way to improve in your artistic medium is to select a work by a master and try to replicate it as best you can. For instance, if you want to improve your painting skills, pick a painting by Vincent Van Gogh, such as “Starry Night” and try to paint it. When you have painted it as close to the original as possible, paint it again, this time allowing yourself to go a little outside the original. Add details that you think you would have added, had you been standing next to Van Gogh looking up at that starry sky. Perhaps the colors would be different, the tree more (or less) defined, etc.\\n2-3. Go to art school.\\nIf you want to take your art career to the next level, you could consider going to art school. Some things to consider when picking an art school include reputation, costs, strength of the courses and professors, location, and facilities (do they have a dark room? a kiln? etc.) Consider if you think this school will bolster your strengths and improve your weaknesses. You will have to apply for any art school you want to attend. Find out how to do that here.\\nYou should also consider going to an art school vs. attending university. Some universities have excellent art programs. The main difference is that art schools will tailor their general education classes around art (for instance, a history GE course that might normally be ‘History of the United States’ would instead be ‘Artists in the American Revolution.’\\n2-4. Make friends in the artist community.\\nMaking friends that have the same passion for art that you have is a great way to really immerse yourself in the world of art. Having artist friends can be beneficial because they can offer you criticism on your work (and actually know what they’re talking about,) teach you new techniques, and inspire you with their own work.\\nTo find like-minded artists, see if your town, school, or church has any artist clubs that you could join. You could look in newspaper event listings, or search for local groups on the internet. You could even consider joining a virtual art group--there are many online forums that you can become a part of and chat with people who love art as much as you do.\\n2-5. Visit art studios.\\nAnother great way to see what other artists are creating in your medium is to go to art gallery openings in your area. Art galleries are great places to meet people and see other artists’ work. You may find that you are inspired to try a new technique.\\n3. Promoting Your Work\\n3-1. Create an art portfolio.\\nA portfolio is a collection of your best work that you show to potential employers, clients, galleries, etc. It is essentially a reflection of what you are most proud of about your art. Only select the pieces you feel are your best work and reflect your style best.\\nIf you are a sculptor, take photos of your art to put into your portfolio. This is much easier than carrying a bunch of sculptures around with you wherever you go.\\n3-2. Network with people in the art world.\\nAs an artist just joining the art world, you will want to make as many connections as possible. Your network can consist of your family, friends, classmates, professors, bosses, mentors, etc. Ask these people in your network if they know of any artistic opportunities that you may be able to get involved with (i.e. gallery openings, free classes, places that like to show local art work, etc.).\\nLook for art networking events in your area. Run an internet search of art events and networking opportunities in your area.\\nGo out of your way to meet people who you think may be able to help you become a better artist or boost your career. If a professor says her world-famous painter friend is coming to town, and you are an aspiring painter, ask your professor if you could perhaps briefly meet with her friend. Don’t be let down if she says no--there are truly thousands of opportunities for you to build your network.\\n3-3. Find a venue where you can show your work.\\nShowing your work is one of the best ways to get recognition for the pieces you have created. Find out if any local coffee shops, bars, restaurants, etc. ever hang the work of local artists on their walls. If they do, bring in a portfolio and show them some of your work. Find out if they would like to hang up your pieces for a set amount of time.\\nYou could also talk to local galleries and see if you could get some of your pieces into their next show. Galleries often like to promote local art.\\n3-4. Get internships with a master artist.\\nIn this case, internships are more like apprenticeships. Being a studio helper for a great artist in your medium can be one of the best ways to learn more about your medium (while also lodging you in the inner circle of the artist community.)\\nIf you have gone to art school, find out if any of your professors need a studio assistant or any help with projects that he or she is working on. Professors can be a great link to the more prominent art world, and working with them in their studio will help you to practice what they have taught you in their classes.\\nTips\\nDoodling actually helps your perspective.[13]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHarvard Medical School\\nHarvard Medical School's Educational Site for the Public\\nGo to source\\n\\n When you draw recklessly, it helps you see what you're capable of.\\nArt is made to be seen. Don't be so scared to let people see what you've done.\\nKeep old drawings/paintings/sculptures etc. to encourage you as you see your improvement.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re talented, creative, and passionate about art, becoming an artist is totally an achievable goal. You just have to take concrete steps to turn your dream into a reality. Sometimes getting started is the hardest part, and that’s why we’ve put together this guide to help you. We’ll walk you through everything you need to know to start working toward becoming an artist, like how to hone your skills, promote your work, and start turning your hobby into a career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning the Basics on Your Own\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try a generous selection of differing mediums of art.\", \"描述\": \"If you have never spent much time creating art, it may feel daunting to try to become an artist. The truth is, everyone is an artist; they just need to express their creative ideas in a great way. If there is a specific type of art you would like to learn more about, go for it, but don’t be afraid to branch out and try other mediums as well. Some of the most basic forms of art include:\\n\\n Drawing: This medium can range from the most basic of sketches to intricate architectural designs. Drawings are generally created with a pencil, pen, charcoal, or crayon. Drawings can be of objects placed right in front of you, or images out of your imagination.\\n Painting: This medium uses paint brushes to create both real life and imagined images with paint. Painting often delves into the abstract--a painting made in red and purple hues might be a representation of a feeling--such as love--that the painter was feeling while he or she worked.\\nPhotography: Photography uses a film or digital camera to capture a moment in time. Photographs often tell us about what the world was like at the exact moment that the photo was taken. Photos can reflect great beauty or great horror--just as the world can too.\\nSculpting: Sculpting is the process of taking a material (clay, wood, metal, etc.) and shaping the material into a work of art or a functional tool (and sometimes both at the same time.)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Recognize your strengths and weaknesses.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have tried out all of the mediums, decide which ones you are stronger at. Often someone who is fantastic at creating sculptures out of clay cannot paint to save their life. Of course, there are other people who seem like they were created solely to be fantastic artists and excel at every medium.\\nAnother important thing to keep in mind is which medium you enjoy working with most. If you are fantastic drawer but feel yourself pulled toward sculpting, why not give this new medium a try.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do your research and learn the basics.\", \"描述\": \"Pick up some books on the medium(s) you have chosen to focus on (for now). Learn as much as you can about the medium—read books and articles, watch instructional videos, and research various methods and approaches other artists in your medium take. One of the best ways to learn is by studying the work of others who have come before you. It is completely possible to teach yourself how to be a great artist, you just have to put effort into learning the basics. If you feel like you need a little help, you can always supplement your research with an art class (see Part Two of this article.)\\nPart of researching your medium means learning the basics about that medium. Learn about the color wheel (primary colors vs. secondary colors, how shading works, etc.)\\nA key part of your research should consist of what supplies you will need to actually create art. If you can’t seem to find a specific list, you can also use an internet search engine and type in something like ‘basic art supplies needed for drawing.’\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get the supplies you will need for the medium you have chosen.\", \"描述\": \"Sadly, art supplies can be pretty costly--but very worth it. You can buy the supplies you need at large art and craft stores like Michaels, or you can find a local, smaller art store in your area. To find a smaller art store near you, pull up your favorite internet search engine and type in “art supply stores in [Your Hometown’s Name].”\\nIf you are not sure of what you need, or how necessary a particular item it, be sure to ask an attendant. Chances are they will turn out to be deep wells of artistic knowledge (they may even be able to point you in the direction of some art classes.)\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Observe the world around you with the eye of an artist.\", \"描述\": \"A key part of being an artist is observing the world around you and reflecting it in your art work. Notice how the light changes during the day, how colors affect you, how an interaction makes you feel. As the saying goes, it is actually really important to stop and smell the roses. Take the time to become fully aware of your surroundings and let your observations seep into your work.\\nFor instance, if you see a couple sitting under a tree, notice how their bodies interact with the nature around them. What is the light like? What colors are predominant? How would you frame the scene--would you focus on their faces, on the colors, on the tree? Paying attention to how you see the world will help you to translate your observations into art.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make time for your art every day.\", \"描述\": \"Many artists dedicate their lives to creating art. While you do not have to spend every single second of your day working on a painting, do try to dedicate some time each day (or every other day) to working on your project, whatever it might be. Make creating art a priority.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Seek out the opinions of others.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t be afraid to show your work to people. Value someone’s honest opinion, even if it is compiled of constructive criticism. Ask a few people whose opinion you value to look at your art. Don’t be discouraged if they aren’t gasping in awe--for most people it takes time to really develop a talent for creating art.\\nAsk them what they think you could get better at. Maybe you have a hard time drawing hands, or you can’t seem to get the handle of a clay mug quite right. A second pair of eyes will help you to see what needs work.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Develop your own style.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to define yourself as a unique artist is to create your own style within the medium that you have learned. No one can teach you your own style--you need to discover it for yourself. Try experimenting with different techniques. Break yourself out of your comfort zone.\\nFor example, if you like to paint still-life paintings, try painting a still life by adding your own touch to it rather that simply replicating what is in front of you. Change the colors, make the subjects look cartoon-y or distorted in some way--play around with it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learning From Others\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enroll in local art classes.\", \"描述\": \"Perhaps the easiest way to learn the basics of any medium is to enroll in an art class. Art studios, schools, co-ops, and other groups will often hold art classes that can last anywhere for one night to many months. You will be taught by other artists who can show you how to master the basics of your medium, while also helping you to follow your own artistic path.\\nTo find art classes in your town, you can look at local newspaper event listings, talk to friends you might have in the artist community, or simply run a search for ‘art classes in [Name of Your Town]’ on your favorite internet search engine.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study the masters.\", \"描述\": \"Visit museums and peruse books on all sorts of art and design. Learn from the masters by looking carefully at their works. A great way to hone your skill is to try to imitate the art of someone considered to be a master the world over. Try motifs and techniques that catch your interest.\\nA great way to improve in your artistic medium is to select a work by a master and try to replicate it as best you can. For instance, if you want to improve your painting skills, pick a painting by Vincent Van Gogh, such as “Starry Night” and try to paint it. When you have painted it as close to the original as possible, paint it again, this time allowing yourself to go a little outside the original. Add details that you think you would have added, had you been standing next to Van Gogh looking up at that starry sky. Perhaps the colors would be different, the tree more (or less) defined, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go to art school.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to take your art career to the next level, you could consider going to art school. Some things to consider when picking an art school include reputation, costs, strength of the courses and professors, location, and facilities (do they have a dark room? a kiln? etc.) Consider if you think this school will bolster your strengths and improve your weaknesses. You will have to apply for any art school you want to attend. Find out how to do that here.\\nYou should also consider going to an art school vs. attending university. Some universities have excellent art programs. The main difference is that art schools will tailor their general education classes around art (for instance, a history GE course that might normally be ‘History of the United States’ would instead be ‘Artists in the American Revolution.’\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make friends in the artist community.\", \"描述\": \"Making friends that have the same passion for art that you have is a great way to really immerse yourself in the world of art. Having artist friends can be beneficial because they can offer you criticism on your work (and actually know what they’re talking about,) teach you new techniques, and inspire you with their own work.\\nTo find like-minded artists, see if your town, school, or church has any artist clubs that you could join. You could look in newspaper event listings, or search for local groups on the internet. You could even consider joining a virtual art group--there are many online forums that you can become a part of and chat with people who love art as much as you do.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Visit art studios.\", \"描述\": \"Another great way to see what other artists are creating in your medium is to go to art gallery openings in your area. Art galleries are great places to meet people and see other artists’ work. You may find that you are inspired to try a new technique.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Promoting Your Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create an art portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"A portfolio is a collection of your best work that you show to potential employers, clients, galleries, etc. It is essentially a reflection of what you are most proud of about your art. Only select the pieces you feel are your best work and reflect your style best.\\nIf you are a sculptor, take photos of your art to put into your portfolio. This is much easier than carrying a bunch of sculptures around with you wherever you go.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network with people in the art world.\", \"描述\": \"As an artist just joining the art world, you will want to make as many connections as possible. Your network can consist of your family, friends, classmates, professors, bosses, mentors, etc. Ask these people in your network if they know of any artistic opportunities that you may be able to get involved with (i.e. gallery openings, free classes, places that like to show local art work, etc.).\\nLook for art networking events in your area. Run an internet search of art events and networking opportunities in your area.\\nGo out of your way to meet people who you think may be able to help you become a better artist or boost your career. If a professor says her world-famous painter friend is coming to town, and you are an aspiring painter, ask your professor if you could perhaps briefly meet with her friend. Don’t be let down if she says no--there are truly thousands of opportunities for you to build your network.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a venue where you can show your work.\", \"描述\": \"Showing your work is one of the best ways to get recognition for the pieces you have created. Find out if any local coffee shops, bars, restaurants, etc. ever hang the work of local artists on their walls. If they do, bring in a portfolio and show them some of your work. Find out if they would like to hang up your pieces for a set amount of time.\\nYou could also talk to local galleries and see if you could get some of your pieces into their next show. Galleries often like to promote local art.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get internships with a master artist.\", \"描述\": \"In this case, internships are more like apprenticeships. Being a studio helper for a great artist in your medium can be one of the best ways to learn more about your medium (while also lodging you in the inner circle of the artist community.)\\nIf you have gone to art school, find out if any of your professors need a studio assistant or any help with projects that he or she is working on. Professors can be a great link to the more prominent art world, and working with them in their studio will help you to practice what they have taught you in their classes.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Doodling actually helps your perspective.[13]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHarvard Medical School\\nHarvard Medical School's Educational Site for the Public\\nGo to source\\n\\n When you draw recklessly, it helps you see what you're capable of.\\n\", \"Art is made to be seen. Don't be so scared to let people see what you've done.\\n\", \"Keep old drawings/paintings/sculptures etc. to encourage you as you see your improvement.\\n\"]}]}}",
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5,947 |
How to Become an Assistant Pharmacist
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1. Getting Education and Experience
1-1. Consider the skills you'll need as an assistant pharmacist.
Unlike pharmacists and technicians, assistant pharmacists mainly perform secretarial tasks and provide customer service. In addition, you should be accurate and efficient, especially when performing repetitive tasks, like typing up medication labels.
Even though your job will be very different from that of the pharmacist or technician, you'll usually be working the same hours. Be prepared for long shifts on your feet.
Understand the differences between pharmacy assistants and technicians. Unlike assistants, technicians require more certification and education. They're the ones that will be filling medications, managing medication inventory, and taking prescription information from patients or medical professionals.
1-2. Earn your high school diploma or General Equivalency Degree (GED).
This is technically the only education requirement to become an assistant pharmacist. You'll usually get on the job training from the pharmacist or other knowledgeable co-workers.
It may help to have an advanced degree. Consider getting an associate's or bachelor's degree in a public relations, business, or mathematical field.
1-3. Develop basic communication and mathematics skills.
As a pharmacy assistant, you will need to be able to write clearly and communicate well with customers. You'll also need to accurately perform calculations to determine prices and medication amounts. Experience in secretarial or retail sectors would prove helpful.
Pharmacy assistants mainly perform clerical tasks. Be prepared to answer phones, restock shelves, and type medical labels.
1-4. Get useful experience.
Unlike pharmacy technicians, pharmacy assistants don't need any special certification or training. But, having volunteer experience or an advanced degree will give you an advantage in landing a job. Customer service and efficiency are some of the best skills for the job. Take courses, find volunteer programs in medical facilities, or take a part-time job in a pharmacy in one of the following fields:
Business communication
Human anatomy and physiology
Medical terminology
Pharmacology, pharmacy law, ethics, and math (these would require advanced education)
Retail pharmacy experience, such as a part-time job
Sterile product preparation, pharmacy compounding, hospital pharmacy, and pharmacy software (consider getting a pharmacy or hospital internship)
First aid and CPR (take a local community course)
2. Landing a Job
2-1. Apply to jobs a variety of workplaces.
You can work with licensed pharmacists in a hospital, community pharmacy, outpatient clinic, nursing home or pharmaceutical organization. Consider working in retail locations, medical facilities, or in the federal government.
If you've taken coursework or completed an internship, ask your professor or advising pharmacist about job opportunities. They may be able to put you in touch with people that are hiring.
Don't forget to check pharmaceutical resources. Look at hospital websites or the American Pharmacists Association for job postings (www.healthecareers.com/apha).
2-2. Understand location requirements and pay differences.
If you're just starting out as an assistant pharmacist, it may be easiest to get a position at a retail location, like a supermarket or health store. They often pay less, but don't require much in the way of experience or training. Some locations, like hospitals, may require years of experience. The best paying sectors include government, education, and medical (like hospitals or offices of physicians).
The majority of pharmacy assistants work in lower paying sectors. 75% of assistant pharmacists work in the retail sector.
Colleges and universities usually require years of experience too and offer the highest salaries.
2-3. Be prepared for a job interview.
Create a resume that emphasizes your customer experience. You should also highlight any work experience that shows you are efficient and accurate. Once you've filled out a job application and been selected for an interview, emphasize your reliability and great communication skills.
Since much of an assistant pharmacist's job is dealing with customers, expand on any customer service experience you have. Let the interviewer know that you can handle answering phones, dealing with customer concerns, and effectively communicating with the pharmacist.
2-4. Consider advancing your career.
If you've decided you want to move on from being an assistant pharmacist, know your options. Being an assistant pharmacist is a great way to get your foot in the door at a pharmacy. You can also work towards becoming a certified pharmacy technician while you're still employed as an assistant pharmacist.
If you think you want to become a pharmacist, working as an assistant pharmacist will give you a chance to watch a pharmacist at work. This will help you decide if you'd ultimately like to go to school to become a pharmacist.
Tips
Consult job postings and speak with pharmacists in your area to see what credentials they look for in candidates.
Be prepared for odd work hours and long periods of staying on your feet in the pharmacy. Because most pharmacies are open late in the evening and on weekends, entry-level assistants often work undesirable shifts.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:14",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Education and Experience\\n1-1. Consider the skills you'll need as an assistant pharmacist.\\nUnlike pharmacists and technicians, assistant pharmacists mainly perform secretarial tasks and provide customer service. In addition, you should be accurate and efficient, especially when performing repetitive tasks, like typing up medication labels.\\nEven though your job will be very different from that of the pharmacist or technician, you'll usually be working the same hours. Be prepared for long shifts on your feet.\\nUnderstand the differences between pharmacy assistants and technicians. Unlike assistants, technicians require more certification and education. They're the ones that will be filling medications, managing medication inventory, and taking prescription information from patients or medical professionals.\\n1-2. Earn your high school diploma or General Equivalency Degree (GED).\\nThis is technically the only education requirement to become an assistant pharmacist. You'll usually get on the job training from the pharmacist or other knowledgeable co-workers.\\nIt may help to have an advanced degree. Consider getting an associate's or bachelor's degree in a public relations, business, or mathematical field.\\n1-3. Develop basic communication and mathematics skills.\\nAs a pharmacy assistant, you will need to be able to write clearly and communicate well with customers. You'll also need to accurately perform calculations to determine prices and medication amounts. Experience in secretarial or retail sectors would prove helpful.\\nPharmacy assistants mainly perform clerical tasks. Be prepared to answer phones, restock shelves, and type medical labels.\\n1-4. Get useful experience.\\nUnlike pharmacy technicians, pharmacy assistants don't need any special certification or training. But, having volunteer experience or an advanced degree will give you an advantage in landing a job. Customer service and efficiency are some of the best skills for the job. Take courses, find volunteer programs in medical facilities, or take a part-time job in a pharmacy in one of the following fields:\\nBusiness communication\\nHuman anatomy and physiology\\nMedical terminology\\nPharmacology, pharmacy law, ethics, and math (these would require advanced education)\\nRetail pharmacy experience, such as a part-time job\\nSterile product preparation, pharmacy compounding, hospital pharmacy, and pharmacy software (consider getting a pharmacy or hospital internship)\\nFirst aid and CPR (take a local community course)\\n2. Landing a Job\\n2-1. Apply to jobs a variety of workplaces.\\nYou can work with licensed pharmacists in a hospital, community pharmacy, outpatient clinic, nursing home or pharmaceutical organization. Consider working in retail locations, medical facilities, or in the federal government.\\nIf you've taken coursework or completed an internship, ask your professor or advising pharmacist about job opportunities. They may be able to put you in touch with people that are hiring.\\nDon't forget to check pharmaceutical resources. Look at hospital websites or the American Pharmacists Association for job postings (www.healthecareers.com/apha).\\n2-2. Understand location requirements and pay differences.\\nIf you're just starting out as an assistant pharmacist, it may be easiest to get a position at a retail location, like a supermarket or health store. They often pay less, but don't require much in the way of experience or training. Some locations, like hospitals, may require years of experience. The best paying sectors include government, education, and medical (like hospitals or offices of physicians).\\nThe majority of pharmacy assistants work in lower paying sectors. 75% of assistant pharmacists work in the retail sector.\\nColleges and universities usually require years of experience too and offer the highest salaries.\\n2-3. Be prepared for a job interview.\\nCreate a resume that emphasizes your customer experience. You should also highlight any work experience that shows you are efficient and accurate. Once you've filled out a job application and been selected for an interview, emphasize your reliability and great communication skills.\\nSince much of an assistant pharmacist's job is dealing with customers, expand on any customer service experience you have. Let the interviewer know that you can handle answering phones, dealing with customer concerns, and effectively communicating with the pharmacist.\\n2-4. Consider advancing your career.\\nIf you've decided you want to move on from being an assistant pharmacist, know your options. Being an assistant pharmacist is a great way to get your foot in the door at a pharmacy. You can also work towards becoming a certified pharmacy technician while you're still employed as an assistant pharmacist.\\nIf you think you want to become a pharmacist, working as an assistant pharmacist will give you a chance to watch a pharmacist at work. This will help you decide if you'd ultimately like to go to school to become a pharmacist.\\nTips\\nConsult job postings and speak with pharmacists in your area to see what credentials they look for in candidates.\\nBe prepared for odd work hours and long periods of staying on your feet in the pharmacy. Because most pharmacies are open late in the evening and on weekends, entry-level assistants often work undesirable shifts.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you looking for an entry level job in a pharmacy? Consider becoming an assistant pharmacist. You'll be responsible for dealing with customers, restocking the pharmacy, typing up prescriptions, and other clerical tasks. Unlike pharmacy technicians, assistant pharmacists don't need any special training, certification, or pharmaceutical knowledge. Job demand for assistant pharmacists is expected to grow to 11% by 2022.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Education and Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider the skills you'll need as an assistant pharmacist.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike pharmacists and technicians, assistant pharmacists mainly perform secretarial tasks and provide customer service. In addition, you should be accurate and efficient, especially when performing repetitive tasks, like typing up medication labels.\\nEven though your job will be very different from that of the pharmacist or technician, you'll usually be working the same hours. Be prepared for long shifts on your feet.\\nUnderstand the differences between pharmacy assistants and technicians. Unlike assistants, technicians require more certification and education. They're the ones that will be filling medications, managing medication inventory, and taking prescription information from patients or medical professionals.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn your high school diploma or General Equivalency Degree (GED).\", \"描述\": \"This is technically the only education requirement to become an assistant pharmacist. You'll usually get on the job training from the pharmacist or other knowledgeable co-workers.\\nIt may help to have an advanced degree. Consider getting an associate's or bachelor's degree in a public relations, business, or mathematical field.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop basic communication and mathematics skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a pharmacy assistant, you will need to be able to write clearly and communicate well with customers. You'll also need to accurately perform calculations to determine prices and medication amounts. Experience in secretarial or retail sectors would prove helpful.\\nPharmacy assistants mainly perform clerical tasks. Be prepared to answer phones, restock shelves, and type medical labels.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get useful experience.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike pharmacy technicians, pharmacy assistants don't need any special certification or training. But, having volunteer experience or an advanced degree will give you an advantage in landing a job. Customer service and efficiency are some of the best skills for the job. Take courses, find volunteer programs in medical facilities, or take a part-time job in a pharmacy in one of the following fields:\\nBusiness communication\\nHuman anatomy and physiology\\nMedical terminology\\nPharmacology, pharmacy law, ethics, and math (these would require advanced education)\\nRetail pharmacy experience, such as a part-time job\\nSterile product preparation, pharmacy compounding, hospital pharmacy, and pharmacy software (consider getting a pharmacy or hospital internship)\\nFirst aid and CPR (take a local community course)\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Landing a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to jobs a variety of workplaces.\", \"描述\": \"You can work with licensed pharmacists in a hospital, community pharmacy, outpatient clinic, nursing home or pharmaceutical organization. Consider working in retail locations, medical facilities, or in the federal government.\\nIf you've taken coursework or completed an internship, ask your professor or advising pharmacist about job opportunities. They may be able to put you in touch with people that are hiring.\\nDon't forget to check pharmaceutical resources. Look at hospital websites or the American Pharmacists Association for job postings (www.healthecareers.com/apha).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand location requirements and pay differences.\", \"描述\": \"If you're just starting out as an assistant pharmacist, it may be easiest to get a position at a retail location, like a supermarket or health store. They often pay less, but don't require much in the way of experience or training. Some locations, like hospitals, may require years of experience. The best paying sectors include government, education, and medical (like hospitals or offices of physicians).\\nThe majority of pharmacy assistants work in lower paying sectors. 75% of assistant pharmacists work in the retail sector.\\nColleges and universities usually require years of experience too and offer the highest salaries.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for a job interview.\", \"描述\": \"Create a resume that emphasizes your customer experience. You should also highlight any work experience that shows you are efficient and accurate. Once you've filled out a job application and been selected for an interview, emphasize your reliability and great communication skills.\\nSince much of an assistant pharmacist's job is dealing with customers, expand on any customer service experience you have. Let the interviewer know that you can handle answering phones, dealing with customer concerns, and effectively communicating with the pharmacist.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider advancing your career.\", \"描述\": \"If you've decided you want to move on from being an assistant pharmacist, know your options. Being an assistant pharmacist is a great way to get your foot in the door at a pharmacy. You can also work towards becoming a certified pharmacy technician while you're still employed as an assistant pharmacist.\\nIf you think you want to become a pharmacist, working as an assistant pharmacist will give you a chance to watch a pharmacist at work. This will help you decide if you'd ultimately like to go to school to become a pharmacist.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consult job postings and speak with pharmacists in your area to see what credentials they look for in candidates.\\n\", \"Be prepared for odd work hours and long periods of staying on your feet in the pharmacy. Because most pharmacies are open late in the evening and on weekends, entry-level assistants often work undesirable shifts.\\n\"]}]}}",
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5,948 |
How to Become an Astrologer
|
1. Studying Astrology on Your Own
1-1. Learn the vocabulary of astrology.
Knowing all of the signs of the zodiac and the meanings of the planets will help you get started in the process of becoming an astrologer. If you already know the basics, read books that will push your knowledge to go deeper.
Classics like The Essential Guide to Practical Astrology by April Elliott Kent, Parker's Astrology by Derek and Julia Parker, and On The Heavenly Spheres by Helena Avelar and Luis Ribeiro will provide you with both an overview of the field and in-depth explanations of concepts.
For an online guide to astrological terms, try http://www.theastrologydictionary.com.
1-2. Talk to others about astrology.
One of the best ways to improve your grasp on the basics of astrology is to talk with your friends about your interest, and even check out astrology groups, both online and in-person.
Bringing up astrology with your friends can be daunting, but many people enjoy hearing about themselves. Ask whether they know much about their astrological signs, and if not, offer to tell them about their sun, moon, and rising signs. If your friend knows something about astrology, you may have found someone to have more in depth conversations with.
You can use the internet to find astrology chat rooms, forums, and even meetups in your area. The National Council for Geocosmic Research has local chapters with meetings listed on its website.
1-3. Study astrological charts.
Astrologers do more than just write horoscopes for newspapers, and learning the ins and outs of natal and event charts will give you the foundation you need to become an astrologer.
Charts are the way astrologers attempt to capture and predict moments in time. Learning about the astrological houses, chart progressions, aspects, ephemera, retrogrades, and the like will ensure that you have the tools to perform a full astrological interpretation.
Try a book like Chart Interpretation Handbook by Stephen Arroyo for detailed instructions on how to interpret a chart.
1-4. Practice interpreting your friends' charts.
Once you learn the basics of how to interpret astrological charts, practice with your friends and get a feel for the kind of work you will be doing as an astrologer.
You can use online tools to generate their chart, like http://www.astro.com or https://cafeastrology.com/. Some resources will also provide interpretations you can check yours against to see how well you are doing.
If you are known among your friends as an astrology fan, you can see if they will recommend you to friends you know less well. This will give you practice working with people you don't already know.
1-5. Get your chart read professionally by multiple astrologers.
Before you embark on the journey toward becoming an astrologer, going to see a few professional astrologers and getting readings done by them will help you learn about the kinds of readings astrologers offer.
Make note of what you like and dislike about each one. There are multiple traditions and interpretation styles in astrology, and this will help you narrow down which ones you prefer.
2. Getting Educated and Certified as an Astrologer
2-1. Continue to read charts and learn about astrology.
Astrology is a field in which having a strong knowledge base is very important. Throughout your more formal education and certification, keep practicing your skills and learning about advanced astrological concepts and methods.
One way to move from being a serious hobbyist toward becoming a professional astrologer is to learn how to construct astrological charts, rather than simply interpreting them.
Professional astrologers also use transits and progressions to do astrological forecasting, or the prediction of future events. Applying your knowledge to this aspect of astrology will put you ahead of most amateurs.
2-2. Take classes or pursue a certificate in astrology, online or in-person.
While it is not necessary, formal education in astrology can kick start your career as an astrologer. Taking classes with a known astrological school will help establish that you are serious and knowledgable about the field.
There are schools where you can earn degrees in astrology, like Kepler College in Seattle, Washington, as well as local classes in most major cities. Online certification programs include the International Academy of Astrology and the Faculty of Astrological Studies.
You should be aware that most institutions of higher learning do not recognize certificates or degrees in astrology, and so they function more as professional accreditation within the field, rather than universally recognized academic qualifications.
2-3. Choose a career path within the field of astrology.
You should decide whether you plan to work with individuals, locally or online, as a consultant for corporate clients, or as an entertainer, writing horoscopes for magazines and websites.
If you don't know what kind of astrologer you want to be, look up professional astrologers in your area or on a professional astrology association website and see what kind of work they do.
Of course, as in any field, astrologers change directions and switch jobs in the course of their career. You aren't stuck with whatever you choose, but having a good idea of where you want to go will help you find mentors and get peer support.
2-4. Find an apprenticeship with a professional astrologer.
Once you have established yourself as being serious about becoming an astrologer, you can seek out a professional to see if they will allow you to work under them as an apprentice. Be prepared for rejection, and have a list of possible mentors who you would like to ask, rather than placing all your hope on one.
This will give you valuable experience, in addition to feedback on your readings if the astrologer sits in on your consultations with clients.
Visiting a potential mentor will help them understand your commitment, and give you a chance to offer to help as an assistant.
2-5. Attain certification with an astrological society.
There are many astrological societies in the United States and around the world. Typically becoming certified requires completing at least one examination and, in some cases, observed readings.
Being certified will put you on the astrological map and give clients a good reason to choose you.
Some major astrological certification groups are the International Society for Astrological Research, the Organization for Professional Astrology, and the National Council for Geocosmic Research.
Certification as an astrologer will help you within the field of astrology, but unlike a Certified Public Accountant, yours will most likely not be recognized by other disciplines and trades.
3. Opening an Astrological Practice
3-1. Determine the legality of astrology in your locale.
There are cities, states, provinces, and countries in which the practice of professional astrology is outlawed. You will have to do the necessary research on astrology in your location to see if starting an astrological business is permitted there.
If professional astrology is not legal in your location, relocating or initiating legal challenges are your best options. Check and see if there is a professional astrological organization that would help back your legal challenge if you choose to go that route.
3-2. Find a location for your astrological business.
Some astrologers work out of their own home, while others have an office space where they perform readings and hold consultations. Renting or purchasing a space can be cost prohibitive for a beginning astrologer, but eventually it may be a great asset for your business.
Other options to consider are online astrology and client visitations, in which you would interact with the client virtually or in their home, respectively. Both of these avoid the cost of an office space without making your home available to clients.
3-3. Acquire the necessary documentation.
Depending on your location and the kind of practice you plan to start, you may need to apply for a business license.
Like any small business, an astrological practice requires a lot of work to stay afloat. Learning how to open and run a small business will be invaluable for your success.
3-4. Invest in astrological tools and equipment.
Every professional astrologer need certain tools of the trade, like a computer for building charts, astrological software, and a digital recorder, among other things. Investing in quality equipment will help you convey professionalism and deliver good results.
If you previously worked as an assistant or apprentice for an astrologer, take their set of equipment as a guide for what you might need.
3-5. Establish your rates for astrological readings.
There is a lot of variation in the amounts astrologers charge for their services, so find a balance between a rate that will pay the bills and a rate that will be attractive to clients. Having rates that entice clients to return to your practice again and again is a valuable way to keep your cashflow up.
Compare your rates with those of other astrologers in the market your practice operates in.
3-6. Identify your clients and market towards them.
In order to be a successful astrologer, you will need clientele to frequent your business. There are many resources for astrologers to learn who their audience is in their community and successfully reach out to them.
Marketing at New Age and metaphysical stores and newsletters is a classic way to build an astrology practice.
Be sure not to underestimate the power of online advertising. Targeted ads can help you reach clients who may not otherwise have thought to get a professional reading.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Studying Astrology on Your Own\\n1-1. Learn the vocabulary of astrology.\\nKnowing all of the signs of the zodiac and the meanings of the planets will help you get started in the process of becoming an astrologer. If you already know the basics, read books that will push your knowledge to go deeper.\\nClassics like The Essential Guide to Practical Astrology by April Elliott Kent, Parker's Astrology by Derek and Julia Parker, and On The Heavenly Spheres by Helena Avelar and Luis Ribeiro will provide you with both an overview of the field and in-depth explanations of concepts.\\nFor an online guide to astrological terms, try http://www.theastrologydictionary.com.\\n1-2. Talk to others about astrology.\\nOne of the best ways to improve your grasp on the basics of astrology is to talk with your friends about your interest, and even check out astrology groups, both online and in-person.\\nBringing up astrology with your friends can be daunting, but many people enjoy hearing about themselves. Ask whether they know much about their astrological signs, and if not, offer to tell them about their sun, moon, and rising signs. If your friend knows something about astrology, you may have found someone to have more in depth conversations with.\\nYou can use the internet to find astrology chat rooms, forums, and even meetups in your area. The National Council for Geocosmic Research has local chapters with meetings listed on its website.\\n1-3. Study astrological charts.\\nAstrologers do more than just write horoscopes for newspapers, and learning the ins and outs of natal and event charts will give you the foundation you need to become an astrologer.\\nCharts are the way astrologers attempt to capture and predict moments in time. Learning about the astrological houses, chart progressions, aspects, ephemera, retrogrades, and the like will ensure that you have the tools to perform a full astrological interpretation.\\nTry a book like Chart Interpretation Handbook by Stephen Arroyo for detailed instructions on how to interpret a chart.\\n1-4. Practice interpreting your friends' charts.\\nOnce you learn the basics of how to interpret astrological charts, practice with your friends and get a feel for the kind of work you will be doing as an astrologer.\\nYou can use online tools to generate their chart, like http://www.astro.com or https://cafeastrology.com/. Some resources will also provide interpretations you can check yours against to see how well you are doing.\\nIf you are known among your friends as an astrology fan, you can see if they will recommend you to friends you know less well. This will give you practice working with people you don't already know.\\n1-5. Get your chart read professionally by multiple astrologers.\\nBefore you embark on the journey toward becoming an astrologer, going to see a few professional astrologers and getting readings done by them will help you learn about the kinds of readings astrologers offer.\\nMake note of what you like and dislike about each one. There are multiple traditions and interpretation styles in astrology, and this will help you narrow down which ones you prefer.\\n2. Getting Educated and Certified as an Astrologer\\n2-1. Continue to read charts and learn about astrology.\\nAstrology is a field in which having a strong knowledge base is very important. Throughout your more formal education and certification, keep practicing your skills and learning about advanced astrological concepts and methods.\\nOne way to move from being a serious hobbyist toward becoming a professional astrologer is to learn how to construct astrological charts, rather than simply interpreting them.\\nProfessional astrologers also use transits and progressions to do astrological forecasting, or the prediction of future events. Applying your knowledge to this aspect of astrology will put you ahead of most amateurs.\\n2-2. Take classes or pursue a certificate in astrology, online or in-person.\\nWhile it is not necessary, formal education in astrology can kick start your career as an astrologer. Taking classes with a known astrological school will help establish that you are serious and knowledgable about the field.\\nThere are schools where you can earn degrees in astrology, like Kepler College in Seattle, Washington, as well as local classes in most major cities. Online certification programs include the International Academy of Astrology and the Faculty of Astrological Studies.\\nYou should be aware that most institutions of higher learning do not recognize certificates or degrees in astrology, and so they function more as professional accreditation within the field, rather than universally recognized academic qualifications.\\n2-3. Choose a career path within the field of astrology.\\nYou should decide whether you plan to work with individuals, locally or online, as a consultant for corporate clients, or as an entertainer, writing horoscopes for magazines and websites.\\nIf you don't know what kind of astrologer you want to be, look up professional astrologers in your area or on a professional astrology association website and see what kind of work they do.\\nOf course, as in any field, astrologers change directions and switch jobs in the course of their career. You aren't stuck with whatever you choose, but having a good idea of where you want to go will help you find mentors and get peer support.\\n2-4. Find an apprenticeship with a professional astrologer.\\nOnce you have established yourself as being serious about becoming an astrologer, you can seek out a professional to see if they will allow you to work under them as an apprentice. Be prepared for rejection, and have a list of possible mentors who you would like to ask, rather than placing all your hope on one.\\nThis will give you valuable experience, in addition to feedback on your readings if the astrologer sits in on your consultations with clients.\\nVisiting a potential mentor will help them understand your commitment, and give you a chance to offer to help as an assistant.\\n2-5. Attain certification with an astrological society.\\nThere are many astrological societies in the United States and around the world. Typically becoming certified requires completing at least one examination and, in some cases, observed readings.\\nBeing certified will put you on the astrological map and give clients a good reason to choose you.\\nSome major astrological certification groups are the International Society for Astrological Research, the Organization for Professional Astrology, and the National Council for Geocosmic Research.\\nCertification as an astrologer will help you within the field of astrology, but unlike a Certified Public Accountant, yours will most likely not be recognized by other disciplines and trades.\\n3. Opening an Astrological Practice\\n3-1. Determine the legality of astrology in your locale.\\nThere are cities, states, provinces, and countries in which the practice of professional astrology is outlawed. You will have to do the necessary research on astrology in your location to see if starting an astrological business is permitted there.\\nIf professional astrology is not legal in your location, relocating or initiating legal challenges are your best options. Check and see if there is a professional astrological organization that would help back your legal challenge if you choose to go that route.\\n3-2. Find a location for your astrological business.\\nSome astrologers work out of their own home, while others have an office space where they perform readings and hold consultations. Renting or purchasing a space can be cost prohibitive for a beginning astrologer, but eventually it may be a great asset for your business.\\nOther options to consider are online astrology and client visitations, in which you would interact with the client virtually or in their home, respectively. Both of these avoid the cost of an office space without making your home available to clients.\\n3-3. Acquire the necessary documentation.\\nDepending on your location and the kind of practice you plan to start, you may need to apply for a business license.\\nLike any small business, an astrological practice requires a lot of work to stay afloat. Learning how to open and run a small business will be invaluable for your success.\\n3-4. Invest in astrological tools and equipment.\\nEvery professional astrologer need certain tools of the trade, like a computer for building charts, astrological software, and a digital recorder, among other things. Investing in quality equipment will help you convey professionalism and deliver good results.\\nIf you previously worked as an assistant or apprentice for an astrologer, take their set of equipment as a guide for what you might need.\\n3-5. Establish your rates for astrological readings.\\nThere is a lot of variation in the amounts astrologers charge for their services, so find a balance between a rate that will pay the bills and a rate that will be attractive to clients. Having rates that entice clients to return to your practice again and again is a valuable way to keep your cashflow up.\\nCompare your rates with those of other astrologers in the market your practice operates in.\\n3-6. Identify your clients and market towards them.\\nIn order to be a successful astrologer, you will need clientele to frequent your business. There are many resources for astrologers to learn who their audience is in their community and successfully reach out to them.\\nMarketing at New Age and metaphysical stores and newsletters is a classic way to build an astrology practice.\\nBe sure not to underestimate the power of online advertising. Targeted ads can help you reach clients who may not otherwise have thought to get a professional reading.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The field of astrology dates back thousands of years. While its days as a respected career may seem to be over, astrology remains a viable path with the right determination and skills. Becoming an astrologer requires a great deal of time and patience, but soon you will know the kind of education and practice it takes to go from being an astrological novice to a certified professional.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Studying Astrology on Your Own\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the vocabulary of astrology.\", \"描述\": \"Knowing all of the signs of the zodiac and the meanings of the planets will help you get started in the process of becoming an astrologer. If you already know the basics, read books that will push your knowledge to go deeper.\\nClassics like The Essential Guide to Practical Astrology by April Elliott Kent, Parker's Astrology by Derek and Julia Parker, and On The Heavenly Spheres by Helena Avelar and Luis Ribeiro will provide you with both an overview of the field and in-depth explanations of concepts.\\nFor an online guide to astrological terms, try http://www.theastrologydictionary.com.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to others about astrology.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to improve your grasp on the basics of astrology is to talk with your friends about your interest, and even check out astrology groups, both online and in-person.\\nBringing up astrology with your friends can be daunting, but many people enjoy hearing about themselves. Ask whether they know much about their astrological signs, and if not, offer to tell them about their sun, moon, and rising signs. If your friend knows something about astrology, you may have found someone to have more in depth conversations with.\\nYou can use the internet to find astrology chat rooms, forums, and even meetups in your area. The National Council for Geocosmic Research has local chapters with meetings listed on its website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study astrological charts.\", \"描述\": \"Astrologers do more than just write horoscopes for newspapers, and learning the ins and outs of natal and event charts will give you the foundation you need to become an astrologer.\\nCharts are the way astrologers attempt to capture and predict moments in time. Learning about the astrological houses, chart progressions, aspects, ephemera, retrogrades, and the like will ensure that you have the tools to perform a full astrological interpretation.\\nTry a book like Chart Interpretation Handbook by Stephen Arroyo for detailed instructions on how to interpret a chart.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice interpreting your friends' charts.\", \"描述\": \"Once you learn the basics of how to interpret astrological charts, practice with your friends and get a feel for the kind of work you will be doing as an astrologer.\\nYou can use online tools to generate their chart, like http://www.astro.com or https://cafeastrology.com/. Some resources will also provide interpretations you can check yours against to see how well you are doing.\\nIf you are known among your friends as an astrology fan, you can see if they will recommend you to friends you know less well. This will give you practice working with people you don't already know.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get your chart read professionally by multiple astrologers.\", \"描述\": \"Before you embark on the journey toward becoming an astrologer, going to see a few professional astrologers and getting readings done by them will help you learn about the kinds of readings astrologers offer.\\nMake note of what you like and dislike about each one. There are multiple traditions and interpretation styles in astrology, and this will help you narrow down which ones you prefer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Educated and Certified as an Astrologer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Continue to read charts and learn about astrology.\", \"描述\": \"Astrology is a field in which having a strong knowledge base is very important. Throughout your more formal education and certification, keep practicing your skills and learning about advanced astrological concepts and methods.\\nOne way to move from being a serious hobbyist toward becoming a professional astrologer is to learn how to construct astrological charts, rather than simply interpreting them.\\nProfessional astrologers also use transits and progressions to do astrological forecasting, or the prediction of future events. Applying your knowledge to this aspect of astrology will put you ahead of most amateurs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take classes or pursue a certificate in astrology, online or in-person.\", \"描述\": \"While it is not necessary, formal education in astrology can kick start your career as an astrologer. Taking classes with a known astrological school will help establish that you are serious and knowledgable about the field.\\nThere are schools where you can earn degrees in astrology, like Kepler College in Seattle, Washington, as well as local classes in most major cities. Online certification programs include the International Academy of Astrology and the Faculty of Astrological Studies.\\nYou should be aware that most institutions of higher learning do not recognize certificates or degrees in astrology, and so they function more as professional accreditation within the field, rather than universally recognized academic qualifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose a career path within the field of astrology.\", \"描述\": \"You should decide whether you plan to work with individuals, locally or online, as a consultant for corporate clients, or as an entertainer, writing horoscopes for magazines and websites.\\nIf you don't know what kind of astrologer you want to be, look up professional astrologers in your area or on a professional astrology association website and see what kind of work they do.\\nOf course, as in any field, astrologers change directions and switch jobs in the course of their career. You aren't stuck with whatever you choose, but having a good idea of where you want to go will help you find mentors and get peer support.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find an apprenticeship with a professional astrologer.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have established yourself as being serious about becoming an astrologer, you can seek out a professional to see if they will allow you to work under them as an apprentice. Be prepared for rejection, and have a list of possible mentors who you would like to ask, rather than placing all your hope on one.\\nThis will give you valuable experience, in addition to feedback on your readings if the astrologer sits in on your consultations with clients.\\nVisiting a potential mentor will help them understand your commitment, and give you a chance to offer to help as an assistant.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attain certification with an astrological society.\", \"描述\": \"There are many astrological societies in the United States and around the world. Typically becoming certified requires completing at least one examination and, in some cases, observed readings.\\nBeing certified will put you on the astrological map and give clients a good reason to choose you.\\nSome major astrological certification groups are the International Society for Astrological Research, the Organization for Professional Astrology, and the National Council for Geocosmic Research.\\nCertification as an astrologer will help you within the field of astrology, but unlike a Certified Public Accountant, yours will most likely not be recognized by other disciplines and trades.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opening an Astrological Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine the legality of astrology in your locale.\", \"描述\": \"There are cities, states, provinces, and countries in which the practice of professional astrology is outlawed. You will have to do the necessary research on astrology in your location to see if starting an astrological business is permitted there.\\nIf professional astrology is not legal in your location, relocating or initiating legal challenges are your best options. Check and see if there is a professional astrological organization that would help back your legal challenge if you choose to go that route.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a location for your astrological business.\", \"描述\": \"Some astrologers work out of their own home, while others have an office space where they perform readings and hold consultations. Renting or purchasing a space can be cost prohibitive for a beginning astrologer, but eventually it may be a great asset for your business.\\nOther options to consider are online astrology and client visitations, in which you would interact with the client virtually or in their home, respectively. Both of these avoid the cost of an office space without making your home available to clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquire the necessary documentation.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your location and the kind of practice you plan to start, you may need to apply for a business license.\\nLike any small business, an astrological practice requires a lot of work to stay afloat. Learning how to open and run a small business will be invaluable for your success.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Invest in astrological tools and equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Every professional astrologer need certain tools of the trade, like a computer for building charts, astrological software, and a digital recorder, among other things. Investing in quality equipment will help you convey professionalism and deliver good results.\\nIf you previously worked as an assistant or apprentice for an astrologer, take their set of equipment as a guide for what you might need.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Establish your rates for astrological readings.\", \"描述\": \"There is a lot of variation in the amounts astrologers charge for their services, so find a balance between a rate that will pay the bills and a rate that will be attractive to clients. Having rates that entice clients to return to your practice again and again is a valuable way to keep your cashflow up.\\nCompare your rates with those of other astrologers in the market your practice operates in.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Identify your clients and market towards them.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be a successful astrologer, you will need clientele to frequent your business. There are many resources for astrologers to learn who their audience is in their community and successfully reach out to them.\\nMarketing at New Age and metaphysical stores and newsletters is a classic way to build an astrology practice.\\nBe sure not to underestimate the power of online advertising. Targeted ads can help you reach clients who may not otherwise have thought to get a professional reading.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,949 |
How to Become an Astronaut
|
1. Making the Initial Cut
1-1. Be a citizen of a country with a space agency capable of sending humans to space.
Even if your country does have a space agency, you may be relegated to groundwork and not navigating the skies like you'd prefer. While plenty of countries are getting into the space race in one form or another, Russia, China, EU and the USA are the front runners.
The ESA (European Space Agency) collaborates with other agencies to send its astronauts aboard their rockets. Currently, the ESA is made up of twenty countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
NASA has had, in the past, astronauts from countries with which they have an international agreement. Namely, Canada, Japan, Russia, and Brazil. For the record, each of these countries does have a space agency.
1-2. Be the right age.
If you're fresh out of recess or fresh out of the senior citizen's discount buffet, you're not astronaut material. The ESA is looking for candidates who are between 27 and 37 years old. NASA is a bit less stringent; there are no age restrictions, but past astronauts have fallen between the ages of 26 and 46. The average age is 34.
1-3. Be the right height.
Fingers crossed for that growth spurt! The ESA accepts candidates who are between 153 and 190 centimeters (that's 5' to 6'2 1/2" for the non-metric folk). Not too tough, eh?
As for NASA, they're looking for men and women between 5'2" and 6'3" (157 to 190.5 cm). Six of one, half a dozen of another, really.
1-4. Pass the physical with flying colors.
In order to become an astronaut for NASA, your near and far vision must be correctable to 20/20 in each eye. Yep, getting LASIK is okay. As for your physical health, your blood pressure must not be above 140/90 when in a sitting position.
Note that if you make it past the first rounds of testing, addition visual screening will be performed. To pass this round, your distant vision refractive error must be "between +5.50 and -5.50 diopters in any meridian" if you do not have a piloting background and "between +2.50 and -4.00 diopters in any meridian" if you do have a piloting background. Also notable is the fact that you may not have an astigmatism that requires more than 3.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you're without a piloting background (no more than 2.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you do have one) or an anisometropia larger than 3.5 diopters (2.5 if you have a piloting background).
The ESA has similar requirements. They also stress the need to be psychologically sound. After all, other people are going to be locked in a small room with you for months on end. If you're aggressive, close-minded, or stubborn, you may not be deemed fit for travel.
1-5. Speak English.
It's not called the International Space Station for nothin'. Fact of the matter is, most people speak it, and you should, too if you plan on working with people of practically every nationality.
Speaking Russian is a helpful tool, too. Second to English, there is a heavy Russian influence when it comes to space relations. Both NASA and the ESA highly value candidates that are fluent in both languages.
1-6. Learn how to swim and swim well.
Because of that pesky phenomenon known as gravity, day-to-day air living isn't great for simulating the likes of the universe. Some of your training will be done underwater. If you can't swim, you probably won't make the cut.
NASA will put you through military water survival training and make sure you can tread water for 10 minutes in addition to swimming 75 meters (246.1 ft) in a flight suit and being SCUBA-qualified. So sign up for a pass at your local pool now.
2. Succeeding Academically
2-1. Get excellent grades in high school.
Get excellent grades in every subject. All of them. Every single one. Astronauts are a smart breed. Math and science are most important, but English, history, and foreign relations have their places, too. It's best to be as well-rounded as possible. Not only for you, but also because the competition will be fierce. You'll be going up against the cream of the crop.
Alright, so you don't have the power to stop time. Since you're not a machine, concentrate on math and science -- you'll be dealing with those for at least the next decade of your career training.
2-2. Be a stellar student at a good university.
A bachelor's degree in math, physics, engineering, or science from a reputable (accredited) school is required. Don't get distracted by college social life — your grades should be your number one concern.
Look into the ROTC programs, especially those of the Air Force and Navy at your college of choice. Your ultimate goal in the military is to be a test pilot because they have the most experience flying experimental aircraft.
2-3. Complete ≥ 3 years of experience work.
This can be in the form of professional experience or in the form of a degree. Should you choose to get a degree, know that a master's counts as 1 year of experience and a PhD as 3, regardless of how long it takes you to complete these degrees.
If you have experience in piloting, you must complete at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. Be sure you also have flight test experience.
Should you choose to simply get professional experience, get a job related to something an astronaut would have to do. Examples include navigation, piloting, working with computers, chemistry/biology, or commanding a ship. You should also note that teaching is an important part of being an astronaut, and thus teachers (both college and K-12) are encouraged to apply.
3. Making It Professionally
3-1. Consider joining the military.
While military personnel are by no means considered above regular civilians, it is a means to an end. In the military, you'll get training experience (both physical and mental) and have the opportunity to work with aircraft. Bonus and bonus.
NASA will give military personnel contracted appointments. They apply and work through a military program that regular citizens do not.
3-2. Apply for the job.
Note that civilians of the US must submit an application through www.usajobs.gov, and all active duty military personnel must submit an application to their respective service (in addition to the website application).
The last round of hiring ESA did for astronauts was in 2009. If you'd like to see how you would've fared, tests are available online. As for NASA, they had their latest round training in Houston as of June 2013. Keep an ear to the ground for the next hiring round!
3-3. Be able to complete training.
For NASA, training will take place in Texas and will last about 2 years. The ESA will put you through a similar program in Cologne, Germany for 16 months. You'll be working underwater and in simulators in addition to studying space relations and the science behind the technology. There's a heavy emphasis on human mechanics, engineering, and astronomy as well. Both programs will also immerse you in the Russian language.
As for NASA, civilians who complete the training must remain a NASA employee for 5 years before becoming an astronaut. Military personal will be assigned to a specific NASA duty.
Tips
Don't give up! Stay persistent, and keep your ultimate goal in mind. It is very likely that you won't be selected on your first try. Clayton Anderson, a NASA astronaut, was rejected 14 times before being selected for training.
Don't jump to the highest goal, take it in steps and you will make it. Also, study well.
Take whatever action you can to always stay involved and on top of the field. Even if it's summer, study up!
Warnings
This job isn't for the faint of heart. It's very dangerous. Both the Challenger and Columbia disintegrated, and the Apollo 1 burned out during a normal training, all three accidents killing every single crew member. If you're not harnessed properly, you can drift away into space, or re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. This is not all glamour.
While one of the perks of being an astronaut are the moments when you can just sit back and enjoy the breathtaking orbital views, if you'd rather focus your attention on that instead of working, this job may not be for you.
If you get bad motion sickness, you may want to consider working on planet Earth.
Noting the above, you can't be grossed out easily working as an astronaut. When you're in a rocket, where do you think the excrement goes?
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making the Initial Cut\\n1-1. Be a citizen of a country with a space agency capable of sending humans to space.\\nEven if your country does have a space agency, you may be relegated to groundwork and not navigating the skies like you'd prefer. While plenty of countries are getting into the space race in one form or another, Russia, China, EU and the USA are the front runners.\\nThe ESA (European Space Agency) collaborates with other agencies to send its astronauts aboard their rockets. Currently, the ESA is made up of twenty countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.\\nNASA has had, in the past, astronauts from countries with which they have an international agreement. Namely, Canada, Japan, Russia, and Brazil. For the record, each of these countries does have a space agency.\\n1-2. Be the right age.\\nIf you're fresh out of recess or fresh out of the senior citizen's discount buffet, you're not astronaut material. The ESA is looking for candidates who are between 27 and 37 years old. NASA is a bit less stringent; there are no age restrictions, but past astronauts have fallen between the ages of 26 and 46. The average age is 34.\\n1-3. Be the right height.\\nFingers crossed for that growth spurt! The ESA accepts candidates who are between 153 and 190 centimeters (that's 5' to 6'2 1/2\\\" for the non-metric folk). Not too tough, eh?\\nAs for NASA, they're looking for men and women between 5'2\\\" and 6'3\\\" (157 to 190.5 cm). Six of one, half a dozen of another, really.\\n1-4. Pass the physical with flying colors.\\nIn order to become an astronaut for NASA, your near and far vision must be correctable to 20/20 in each eye. Yep, getting LASIK is okay. As for your physical health, your blood pressure must not be above 140/90 when in a sitting position.\\nNote that if you make it past the first rounds of testing, addition visual screening will be performed. To pass this round, your distant vision refractive error must be \\\"between +5.50 and -5.50 diopters in any meridian\\\" if you do not have a piloting background and \\\"between +2.50 and -4.00 diopters in any meridian\\\" if you do have a piloting background. Also notable is the fact that you may not have an astigmatism that requires more than 3.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you're without a piloting background (no more than 2.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you do have one) or an anisometropia larger than 3.5 diopters (2.5 if you have a piloting background).\\nThe ESA has similar requirements. They also stress the need to be psychologically sound. After all, other people are going to be locked in a small room with you for months on end. If you're aggressive, close-minded, or stubborn, you may not be deemed fit for travel.\\n1-5. Speak English.\\nIt's not called the International Space Station for nothin'. Fact of the matter is, most people speak it, and you should, too if you plan on working with people of practically every nationality.\\nSpeaking Russian is a helpful tool, too. Second to English, there is a heavy Russian influence when it comes to space relations. Both NASA and the ESA highly value candidates that are fluent in both languages.\\n1-6. Learn how to swim and swim well.\\nBecause of that pesky phenomenon known as gravity, day-to-day air living isn't great for simulating the likes of the universe. Some of your training will be done underwater. If you can't swim, you probably won't make the cut.\\nNASA will put you through military water survival training and make sure you can tread water for 10 minutes in addition to swimming 75 meters (246.1 ft) in a flight suit and being SCUBA-qualified. So sign up for a pass at your local pool now.\\n2. Succeeding Academically\\n2-1. Get excellent grades in high school.\\nGet excellent grades in every subject. All of them. Every single one. Astronauts are a smart breed. Math and science are most important, but English, history, and foreign relations have their places, too. It's best to be as well-rounded as possible. Not only for you, but also because the competition will be fierce. You'll be going up against the cream of the crop.\\nAlright, so you don't have the power to stop time. Since you're not a machine, concentrate on math and science -- you'll be dealing with those for at least the next decade of your career training.\\n2-2. Be a stellar student at a good university.\\nA bachelor's degree in math, physics, engineering, or science from a reputable (accredited) school is required. Don't get distracted by college social life — your grades should be your number one concern.\\nLook into the ROTC programs, especially those of the Air Force and Navy at your college of choice. Your ultimate goal in the military is to be a test pilot because they have the most experience flying experimental aircraft.\\n2-3. Complete ≥ 3 years of experience work.\\nThis can be in the form of professional experience or in the form of a degree. Should you choose to get a degree, know that a master's counts as 1 year of experience and a PhD as 3, regardless of how long it takes you to complete these degrees.\\nIf you have experience in piloting, you must complete at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. Be sure you also have flight test experience.\\nShould you choose to simply get professional experience, get a job related to something an astronaut would have to do. Examples include navigation, piloting, working with computers, chemistry/biology, or commanding a ship. You should also note that teaching is an important part of being an astronaut, and thus teachers (both college and K-12) are encouraged to apply.\\n3. Making It Professionally\\n3-1. Consider joining the military.\\nWhile military personnel are by no means considered above regular civilians, it is a means to an end. In the military, you'll get training experience (both physical and mental) and have the opportunity to work with aircraft. Bonus and bonus.\\nNASA will give military personnel contracted appointments. They apply and work through a military program that regular citizens do not.\\n3-2. Apply for the job.\\nNote that civilians of the US must submit an application through www.usajobs.gov, and all active duty military personnel must submit an application to their respective service (in addition to the website application).\\nThe last round of hiring ESA did for astronauts was in 2009. If you'd like to see how you would've fared, tests are available online. As for NASA, they had their latest round training in Houston as of June 2013. Keep an ear to the ground for the next hiring round!\\n3-3. Be able to complete training.\\nFor NASA, training will take place in Texas and will last about 2 years. The ESA will put you through a similar program in Cologne, Germany for 16 months. You'll be working underwater and in simulators in addition to studying space relations and the science behind the technology. There's a heavy emphasis on human mechanics, engineering, and astronomy as well. Both programs will also immerse you in the Russian language.\\nAs for NASA, civilians who complete the training must remain a NASA employee for 5 years before becoming an astronaut. Military personal will be assigned to a specific NASA duty.\\nTips\\nDon't give up! Stay persistent, and keep your ultimate goal in mind. It is very likely that you won't be selected on your first try. Clayton Anderson, a NASA astronaut, was rejected 14 times before being selected for training.\\nDon't jump to the highest goal, take it in steps and you will make it. Also, study well.\\nTake whatever action you can to always stay involved and on top of the field. Even if it's summer, study up!\\nWarnings\\nThis job isn't for the faint of heart. It's very dangerous. Both the Challenger and Columbia disintegrated, and the Apollo 1 burned out during a normal training, all three accidents killing every single crew member. If you're not harnessed properly, you can drift away into space, or re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. This is not all glamour.\\nWhile one of the perks of being an astronaut are the moments when you can just sit back and enjoy the breathtaking orbital views, if you'd rather focus your attention on that instead of working, this job may not be for you.\\nIf you get bad motion sickness, you may want to consider working on planet Earth.\\nNoting the above, you can't be grossed out easily working as an astronaut. When you're in a rocket, where do you think the excrement goes?\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Even though you warned your parents that you'll disown them if they don't help you become an astronaut, they're still sending you to basketball or soccer camp. Since they're no help, it's wikiHow to the rescue! Keep reading to learn how to start on your path to the next Lagrangian point and literally skyrocket from there.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making the Initial Cut\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a citizen of a country with a space agency capable of sending humans to space.\", \"描述\": \"Even if your country does have a space agency, you may be relegated to groundwork and not navigating the skies like you'd prefer. While plenty of countries are getting into the space race in one form or another, Russia, China, EU and the USA are the front runners.\\nThe ESA (European Space Agency) collaborates with other agencies to send its astronauts aboard their rockets. Currently, the ESA is made up of twenty countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.\\nNASA has had, in the past, astronauts from countries with which they have an international agreement. Namely, Canada, Japan, Russia, and Brazil. For the record, each of these countries does have a space agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be the right age.\", \"描述\": \"If you're fresh out of recess or fresh out of the senior citizen's discount buffet, you're not astronaut material. The ESA is looking for candidates who are between 27 and 37 years old. NASA is a bit less stringent; there are no age restrictions, but past astronauts have fallen between the ages of 26 and 46. The average age is 34.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be the right height.\", \"描述\": \"Fingers crossed for that growth spurt! The ESA accepts candidates who are between 153 and 190 centimeters (that's 5' to 6'2 1/2\\\" for the non-metric folk). Not too tough, eh?\\nAs for NASA, they're looking for men and women between 5'2\\\" and 6'3\\\" (157 to 190.5 cm). Six of one, half a dozen of another, really.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the physical with flying colors.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become an astronaut for NASA, your near and far vision must be correctable to 20/20 in each eye. Yep, getting LASIK is okay. As for your physical health, your blood pressure must not be above 140/90 when in a sitting position.\\nNote that if you make it past the first rounds of testing, addition visual screening will be performed. To pass this round, your distant vision refractive error must be \\\"between +5.50 and -5.50 diopters in any meridian\\\" if you do not have a piloting background and \\\"between +2.50 and -4.00 diopters in any meridian\\\" if you do have a piloting background. Also notable is the fact that you may not have an astigmatism that requires more than 3.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you're without a piloting background (no more than 2.00 diopters of cylinder correction if you do have one) or an anisometropia larger than 3.5 diopters (2.5 if you have a piloting background).\\nThe ESA has similar requirements. They also stress the need to be psychologically sound. After all, other people are going to be locked in a small room with you for months on end. If you're aggressive, close-minded, or stubborn, you may not be deemed fit for travel.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Speak English.\", \"描述\": \"It's not called the International Space Station for nothin'. Fact of the matter is, most people speak it, and you should, too if you plan on working with people of practically every nationality.\\nSpeaking Russian is a helpful tool, too. Second to English, there is a heavy Russian influence when it comes to space relations. Both NASA and the ESA highly value candidates that are fluent in both languages.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Learn how to swim and swim well.\", \"描述\": \"Because of that pesky phenomenon known as gravity, day-to-day air living isn't great for simulating the likes of the universe. Some of your training will be done underwater. If you can't swim, you probably won't make the cut.\\nNASA will put you through military water survival training and make sure you can tread water for 10 minutes in addition to swimming 75 meters (246.1 ft) in a flight suit and being SCUBA-qualified. So sign up for a pass at your local pool now.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Succeeding Academically\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get excellent grades in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Get excellent grades in every subject. All of them. Every single one. Astronauts are a smart breed. Math and science are most important, but English, history, and foreign relations have their places, too. It's best to be as well-rounded as possible. Not only for you, but also because the competition will be fierce. You'll be going up against the cream of the crop.\\nAlright, so you don't have the power to stop time. Since you're not a machine, concentrate on math and science -- you'll be dealing with those for at least the next decade of your career training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a stellar student at a good university.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor's degree in math, physics, engineering, or science from a reputable (accredited) school is required. Don't get distracted by college social life — your grades should be your number one concern.\\nLook into the ROTC programs, especially those of the Air Force and Navy at your college of choice. Your ultimate goal in the military is to be a test pilot because they have the most experience flying experimental aircraft.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete ≥ 3 years of experience work.\", \"描述\": \"This can be in the form of professional experience or in the form of a degree. Should you choose to get a degree, know that a master's counts as 1 year of experience and a PhD as 3, regardless of how long it takes you to complete these degrees.\\nIf you have experience in piloting, you must complete at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. Be sure you also have flight test experience.\\nShould you choose to simply get professional experience, get a job related to something an astronaut would have to do. Examples include navigation, piloting, working with computers, chemistry/biology, or commanding a ship. You should also note that teaching is an important part of being an astronaut, and thus teachers (both college and K-12) are encouraged to apply.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making It Professionally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider joining the military.\", \"描述\": \"While military personnel are by no means considered above regular civilians, it is a means to an end. In the military, you'll get training experience (both physical and mental) and have the opportunity to work with aircraft. Bonus and bonus.\\nNASA will give military personnel contracted appointments. They apply and work through a military program that regular citizens do not.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for the job.\", \"描述\": \"Note that civilians of the US must submit an application through www.usajobs.gov, and all active duty military personnel must submit an application to their respective service (in addition to the website application).\\nThe last round of hiring ESA did for astronauts was in 2009. If you'd like to see how you would've fared, tests are available online. As for NASA, they had their latest round training in Houston as of June 2013. Keep an ear to the ground for the next hiring round!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be able to complete training.\", \"描述\": \"For NASA, training will take place in Texas and will last about 2 years. The ESA will put you through a similar program in Cologne, Germany for 16 months. You'll be working underwater and in simulators in addition to studying space relations and the science behind the technology. There's a heavy emphasis on human mechanics, engineering, and astronomy as well. Both programs will also immerse you in the Russian language.\\nAs for NASA, civilians who complete the training must remain a NASA employee for 5 years before becoming an astronaut. Military personal will be assigned to a specific NASA duty.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't give up! Stay persistent, and keep your ultimate goal in mind. It is very likely that you won't be selected on your first try. Clayton Anderson, a NASA astronaut, was rejected 14 times before being selected for training.\\n\", \"Don't jump to the highest goal, take it in steps and you will make it. Also, study well.\\n\", \"Take whatever action you can to always stay involved and on top of the field. Even if it's summer, study up!\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"This job isn't for the faint of heart. It's very dangerous. Both the Challenger and Columbia disintegrated, and the Apollo 1 burned out during a normal training, all three accidents killing every single crew member. If you're not harnessed properly, you can drift away into space, or re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. This is not all glamour.\\n\", \"While one of the perks of being an astronaut are the moments when you can just sit back and enjoy the breathtaking orbital views, if you'd rather focus your attention on that instead of working, this job may not be for you.\\n\", \"If you get bad motion sickness, you may want to consider working on planet Earth.\\n\", \"Noting the above, you can't be grossed out easily working as an astronaut. When you're in a rocket, where do you think the excrement goes?\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,950 |
How to Become an Astronomer
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1. Getting the Necessary Education
1-1. Get good grades in high school physics, mathematics, and chemistry.
Take regular and advanced classes in these subjects. Work hard and earn high marks in these classes, as this will give you a good foundation for the study of astronomy.
If you struggle to do well in these subjects, you may hire a tutor to help you get better grades. You can also join a study group to help you earn better marks in these subjects.
1-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree in science, with a focus on astronomy or physics.
Take a four year degree in science, majoring in astronomy or physics. This degree will teach you key skills and prepare you for a career as an astronomer.
Some universities will offer a degree specialization in astrophysics, which is a mix of astronomy and physics.
Speak to an academic advisor for advice on which universities to apply to. You may apply to your local university or college. Or you may earn your degree in a university that is out of state or in a different city.
Pick a university that offers a good bachelor’s program in science and good financial aid.
1-3. Get a master’s degree in science.
Most astronomers have a master’s degree in science as well as an undergraduate degree. This degree can take at least two years to complete. Getting a master’s degree will allow you to take specialized classes on astronomy, physics, and math. You will also get a chance to do research in the field.
As part of your master’s degree, you will also write a master's thesis that explores a specific topic or idea in astronomy.
1-4. Pursue a Ph.D in a particular area of astronomy.
Doing a Ph.D gives you the opportunity to study a particular area of astronomy, such as radio, solar, cosmos, or galactic astronomy. You will need to take classes that cover a particular area of astronomy. This degree can take four to five years to complete.
There are many different areas of astronomy that you can study at the Ph.D level. Take the time to figure out what interests you, such as planets and moons, the cosmos, or the galaxies.
As part of your Ph.D, you are usually given the opportunity to do internships and research fellowships in your particular area of study. This is a great way to gain work experience in the field.
1-5. Complete your Ph.D dissertation and take the qualifying exams.
To get your Ph.D, you will need to create a dissertation proposal. Your dissertation should provide a deep study of a particular topic in the field of astronomy. You will then need to write the dissertation, which can range from 80 to 100 pages. You will also need to take qualifying exams to graduate with a Ph.D.
The qualifying exams will vary depending on the program you are in. You usually have to write a paper and do an oral presentation to pass the exams.
Examples of possible dissertation topics include exploring star formations, examining high mass planets, and analyzing radio pulsars.
2. Developing the Skills and Experience
2-1. Study the universe with a telescope.
Get a telescope with a big aperture and a wide range of magnification so you can see the stars, the moon, and the galaxies in the universe. Study the universe with the telescope on a regular basis so you become familiar with the many celestial bodies in the sky.
Buy a telescope that fits your budget and needs. Telescopes can be expensive so you may work your way up to the type that you want.
2-2. Join an astronomy club or society.
Learn more about astronomy by joining an astronomy club at your school or an astronomy society in your area. This will allow you to meet others interested in astronomy and focus more on your goal of becoming an astronomer.
Ask your school counsellor for more information on the astronomy club at your school.
Look for online astronomy clubs, where you chat with others online about astronomy.
If you can't find a local astronomy club, start your own with some friends or peers.
2-3. Learn how to use science-related software programs.
Take a class on chemistry, physics, or mathematical software programs so you can become proficient at using them. You can also download science-related software programs onto your home computer and teach yourself how to use them.
For example, you may learn how to use physics software like AIDA, Orbit-Vis, or the Mars regional atmospheric modeling system.
2-4. Get better at working in a team.
Participate in class discussions at school or create a study group where you meet and work as a team on assignments. You could even join a sports team at school or be part of a dance group after school. You will need to be able to function well in a team to be an astronomer, as astronomers often work with their peers and other scientists on projects in the field.
2-5. Improve your writing and public speaking skills.
Astronomers do more than just stare at the sky all day. They also communicate their ideas and discoveries with their peers and the general public. You will need to write about your studies and be comfortable speaking to the public about them as well. Make sure you do well in your English and communications classes.
You can also take a public speaking class so you feel more at ease speaking to strangers or large groups of people.
3. Getting a Position as an Astronomer
3-1. Look for a postdoctoral fellowship to be a competitive job candidate.
If you earn your Ph.D in astronomy, you can qualify for research positions at a university. These positions allow you to gain work experience and focus on your area of expertise in astronomy. You can also try to turn your research position into a full time employment position.
You may need to move based on where you land a research position. You will need to be flexible and adaptable, willing to move as needed.
This is a good option if you want to go into academia and become a professor of astronomy.
3-2. Get a teaching position at a university.
Become a professor of astronomy at the undergraduate or graduate level. Look for open positions at your local university or universities out of state. You will need at least a master’s degree or a Ph.D in astronomy to qualify to teach.
3-3. Apply for open positions at an observatory.
Another option is to apply to work at an observatory as the resident astronomer. Working at an observatory allows you to interact with the public. You can also curate exhibits on astronomy and write books about specific areas of astronomy as part of your job.
Look for local observatories in your area. You can also search for observatories in places you may want to live.
3-4. Look for positions in the aerospace or computer science industry.
Some people who study to be an astronomer end up working in these areas, especially if they do not want to work in academia. These positions may also be ideal if you’d prefer to work directly with other astronomers and scientists on projects.
Make sure you emphasize your schooling, your work experience, and your particular field of study when applying for these positions. You may also note how you would contribute to the aerospace or computer science industry as an employee.
3-5. Apply for positions at a space agency.
Working for a space agency may be ideal if you’d like to collaborate with other astronomers and scientists on the study of the universe. The biggest space agency in the United States is NASA. You may apply for positions at NASA, focusing on your area of expertise in astronomy.
You should focus on your passion for astronomy as well as your degrees and your high marks. You should also note how you would make a positive contribution to NASA as an astronomer.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Necessary Education\\n1-1. Get good grades in high school physics, mathematics, and chemistry.\\nTake regular and advanced classes in these subjects. Work hard and earn high marks in these classes, as this will give you a good foundation for the study of astronomy.\\nIf you struggle to do well in these subjects, you may hire a tutor to help you get better grades. You can also join a study group to help you earn better marks in these subjects.\\n1-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree in science, with a focus on astronomy or physics.\\nTake a four year degree in science, majoring in astronomy or physics. This degree will teach you key skills and prepare you for a career as an astronomer.\\nSome universities will offer a degree specialization in astrophysics, which is a mix of astronomy and physics.\\nSpeak to an academic advisor for advice on which universities to apply to. You may apply to your local university or college. Or you may earn your degree in a university that is out of state or in a different city.\\nPick a university that offers a good bachelor’s program in science and good financial aid.\\n1-3. Get a master’s degree in science.\\nMost astronomers have a master’s degree in science as well as an undergraduate degree. This degree can take at least two years to complete. Getting a master’s degree will allow you to take specialized classes on astronomy, physics, and math. You will also get a chance to do research in the field.\\nAs part of your master’s degree, you will also write a master's thesis that explores a specific topic or idea in astronomy.\\n1-4. Pursue a Ph.D in a particular area of astronomy.\\nDoing a Ph.D gives you the opportunity to study a particular area of astronomy, such as radio, solar, cosmos, or galactic astronomy. You will need to take classes that cover a particular area of astronomy. This degree can take four to five years to complete.\\nThere are many different areas of astronomy that you can study at the Ph.D level. Take the time to figure out what interests you, such as planets and moons, the cosmos, or the galaxies.\\nAs part of your Ph.D, you are usually given the opportunity to do internships and research fellowships in your particular area of study. This is a great way to gain work experience in the field.\\n1-5. Complete your Ph.D dissertation and take the qualifying exams.\\nTo get your Ph.D, you will need to create a dissertation proposal. Your dissertation should provide a deep study of a particular topic in the field of astronomy. You will then need to write the dissertation, which can range from 80 to 100 pages. You will also need to take qualifying exams to graduate with a Ph.D.\\nThe qualifying exams will vary depending on the program you are in. You usually have to write a paper and do an oral presentation to pass the exams.\\nExamples of possible dissertation topics include exploring star formations, examining high mass planets, and analyzing radio pulsars.\\n2. Developing the Skills and Experience\\n2-1. Study the universe with a telescope.\\nGet a telescope with a big aperture and a wide range of magnification so you can see the stars, the moon, and the galaxies in the universe. Study the universe with the telescope on a regular basis so you become familiar with the many celestial bodies in the sky.\\nBuy a telescope that fits your budget and needs. Telescopes can be expensive so you may work your way up to the type that you want.\\n2-2. Join an astronomy club or society.\\nLearn more about astronomy by joining an astronomy club at your school or an astronomy society in your area. This will allow you to meet others interested in astronomy and focus more on your goal of becoming an astronomer.\\nAsk your school counsellor for more information on the astronomy club at your school.\\nLook for online astronomy clubs, where you chat with others online about astronomy.\\nIf you can't find a local astronomy club, start your own with some friends or peers.\\n2-3. Learn how to use science-related software programs.\\nTake a class on chemistry, physics, or mathematical software programs so you can become proficient at using them. You can also download science-related software programs onto your home computer and teach yourself how to use them.\\nFor example, you may learn how to use physics software like AIDA, Orbit-Vis, or the Mars regional atmospheric modeling system.\\n2-4. Get better at working in a team.\\nParticipate in class discussions at school or create a study group where you meet and work as a team on assignments. You could even join a sports team at school or be part of a dance group after school. You will need to be able to function well in a team to be an astronomer, as astronomers often work with their peers and other scientists on projects in the field.\\n2-5. Improve your writing and public speaking skills.\\nAstronomers do more than just stare at the sky all day. They also communicate their ideas and discoveries with their peers and the general public. You will need to write about your studies and be comfortable speaking to the public about them as well. Make sure you do well in your English and communications classes.\\nYou can also take a public speaking class so you feel more at ease speaking to strangers or large groups of people.\\n3. Getting a Position as an Astronomer\\n3-1. Look for a postdoctoral fellowship to be a competitive job candidate.\\nIf you earn your Ph.D in astronomy, you can qualify for research positions at a university. These positions allow you to gain work experience and focus on your area of expertise in astronomy. You can also try to turn your research position into a full time employment position.\\nYou may need to move based on where you land a research position. You will need to be flexible and adaptable, willing to move as needed.\\nThis is a good option if you want to go into academia and become a professor of astronomy.\\n3-2. Get a teaching position at a university.\\nBecome a professor of astronomy at the undergraduate or graduate level. Look for open positions at your local university or universities out of state. You will need at least a master’s degree or a Ph.D in astronomy to qualify to teach.\\n3-3. Apply for open positions at an observatory.\\nAnother option is to apply to work at an observatory as the resident astronomer. Working at an observatory allows you to interact with the public. You can also curate exhibits on astronomy and write books about specific areas of astronomy as part of your job.\\nLook for local observatories in your area. You can also search for observatories in places you may want to live.\\n3-4. Look for positions in the aerospace or computer science industry.\\nSome people who study to be an astronomer end up working in these areas, especially if they do not want to work in academia. These positions may also be ideal if you’d prefer to work directly with other astronomers and scientists on projects.\\nMake sure you emphasize your schooling, your work experience, and your particular field of study when applying for these positions. You may also note how you would contribute to the aerospace or computer science industry as an employee.\\n3-5. Apply for positions at a space agency.\\nWorking for a space agency may be ideal if you’d like to collaborate with other astronomers and scientists on the study of the universe. The biggest space agency in the United States is NASA. You may apply for positions at NASA, focusing on your area of expertise in astronomy.\\nYou should focus on your passion for astronomy as well as your degrees and your high marks. You should also note how you would make a positive contribution to NASA as an astronomer.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Astronomy is the study of the stars, planets, and galaxies that make up our universe. It can be a challenging and rewarding career that could lead to amazing discoveries about the way space works. If you have a passion for the night sky, you can translate that into a career as an astronomer by getting good grades in physics and mathematics. You should then develop the skills and experience necessary to land a good professional position as an astronomer at an observatory or even a space agency like NASA.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Necessary Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get good grades in high school physics, mathematics, and chemistry.\", \"描述\": \"Take regular and advanced classes in these subjects. Work hard and earn high marks in these classes, as this will give you a good foundation for the study of astronomy.\\nIf you struggle to do well in these subjects, you may hire a tutor to help you get better grades. You can also join a study group to help you earn better marks in these subjects.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree in science, with a focus on astronomy or physics.\", \"描述\": \"Take a four year degree in science, majoring in astronomy or physics. This degree will teach you key skills and prepare you for a career as an astronomer.\\nSome universities will offer a degree specialization in astrophysics, which is a mix of astronomy and physics.\\nSpeak to an academic advisor for advice on which universities to apply to. You may apply to your local university or college. Or you may earn your degree in a university that is out of state or in a different city.\\nPick a university that offers a good bachelor’s program in science and good financial aid.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a master’s degree in science.\", \"描述\": \"Most astronomers have a master’s degree in science as well as an undergraduate degree. This degree can take at least two years to complete. Getting a master’s degree will allow you to take specialized classes on astronomy, physics, and math. You will also get a chance to do research in the field.\\nAs part of your master’s degree, you will also write a master's thesis that explores a specific topic or idea in astronomy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pursue a Ph.D in a particular area of astronomy.\", \"描述\": \"Doing a Ph.D gives you the opportunity to study a particular area of astronomy, such as radio, solar, cosmos, or galactic astronomy. You will need to take classes that cover a particular area of astronomy. This degree can take four to five years to complete.\\nThere are many different areas of astronomy that you can study at the Ph.D level. Take the time to figure out what interests you, such as planets and moons, the cosmos, or the galaxies.\\nAs part of your Ph.D, you are usually given the opportunity to do internships and research fellowships in your particular area of study. This is a great way to gain work experience in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete your Ph.D dissertation and take the qualifying exams.\", \"描述\": \"To get your Ph.D, you will need to create a dissertation proposal. Your dissertation should provide a deep study of a particular topic in the field of astronomy. You will then need to write the dissertation, which can range from 80 to 100 pages. You will also need to take qualifying exams to graduate with a Ph.D.\\nThe qualifying exams will vary depending on the program you are in. You usually have to write a paper and do an oral presentation to pass the exams.\\nExamples of possible dissertation topics include exploring star formations, examining high mass planets, and analyzing radio pulsars.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing the Skills and Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study the universe with a telescope.\", \"描述\": \"Get a telescope with a big aperture and a wide range of magnification so you can see the stars, the moon, and the galaxies in the universe. Study the universe with the telescope on a regular basis so you become familiar with the many celestial bodies in the sky.\\nBuy a telescope that fits your budget and needs. Telescopes can be expensive so you may work your way up to the type that you want.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join an astronomy club or society.\", \"描述\": \"Learn more about astronomy by joining an astronomy club at your school or an astronomy society in your area. This will allow you to meet others interested in astronomy and focus more on your goal of becoming an astronomer.\\nAsk your school counsellor for more information on the astronomy club at your school.\\nLook for online astronomy clubs, where you chat with others online about astronomy.\\nIf you can't find a local astronomy club, start your own with some friends or peers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn how to use science-related software programs.\", \"描述\": \"Take a class on chemistry, physics, or mathematical software programs so you can become proficient at using them. You can also download science-related software programs onto your home computer and teach yourself how to use them.\\nFor example, you may learn how to use physics software like AIDA, Orbit-Vis, or the Mars regional atmospheric modeling system.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get better at working in a team.\", \"描述\": \"Participate in class discussions at school or create a study group where you meet and work as a team on assignments. You could even join a sports team at school or be part of a dance group after school. You will need to be able to function well in a team to be an astronomer, as astronomers often work with their peers and other scientists on projects in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Improve your writing and public speaking skills.\", \"描述\": \"Astronomers do more than just stare at the sky all day. They also communicate their ideas and discoveries with their peers and the general public. You will need to write about your studies and be comfortable speaking to the public about them as well. Make sure you do well in your English and communications classes.\\nYou can also take a public speaking class so you feel more at ease speaking to strangers or large groups of people.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Position as an Astronomer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for a postdoctoral fellowship to be a competitive job candidate.\", \"描述\": \"If you earn your Ph.D in astronomy, you can qualify for research positions at a university. These positions allow you to gain work experience and focus on your area of expertise in astronomy. You can also try to turn your research position into a full time employment position.\\nYou may need to move based on where you land a research position. You will need to be flexible and adaptable, willing to move as needed.\\nThis is a good option if you want to go into academia and become a professor of astronomy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a teaching position at a university.\", \"描述\": \"Become a professor of astronomy at the undergraduate or graduate level. Look for open positions at your local university or universities out of state. You will need at least a master’s degree or a Ph.D in astronomy to qualify to teach.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for open positions at an observatory.\", \"描述\": \"Another option is to apply to work at an observatory as the resident astronomer. Working at an observatory allows you to interact with the public. You can also curate exhibits on astronomy and write books about specific areas of astronomy as part of your job.\\nLook for local observatories in your area. You can also search for observatories in places you may want to live.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for positions in the aerospace or computer science industry.\", \"描述\": \"Some people who study to be an astronomer end up working in these areas, especially if they do not want to work in academia. These positions may also be ideal if you’d prefer to work directly with other astronomers and scientists on projects.\\nMake sure you emphasize your schooling, your work experience, and your particular field of study when applying for these positions. You may also note how you would contribute to the aerospace or computer science industry as an employee.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for positions at a space agency.\", \"描述\": \"Working for a space agency may be ideal if you’d like to collaborate with other astronomers and scientists on the study of the universe. The biggest space agency in the United States is NASA. You may apply for positions at NASA, focusing on your area of expertise in astronomy.\\nYou should focus on your passion for astronomy as well as your degrees and your high marks. You should also note how you would make a positive contribution to NASA as an astronomer.\"}]}]}}",
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5,951 |
How to Become an Astrophysicist
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1. Developing Your Skills in High School
1-1. Take AP math classes.
Because math is the language of astrophysics, you will need to start honing your math skills in high school. Take advanced classes like calculus AB or BC, computer science A and principles, and statistics classes.
To qualify for AP classes in high school, take pre-algebra classes in middle school. Make sure to get high marks in your classes.
AP classes are advanced placement classes in U.S. high schools. If you live in another country, like Canada, the UK, or India, seek out similar advanced classes at your high school.
1-2. Take AP science classes.
To create a successful career in astrophysics, you will also need to hone your science skills. Take AP classes in biology, chemistry, environmental science, and physics.
In middle school, make sure to do well in your science classes in order to qualify for AP science classes in high school.
1-3. Join a physics or an astronomy club.
By joining a physics or an astronomy club, you will be able to meet people who have the same passion for astrophysics as you do. This will help you develop your passion and knowledge of astrophysics.
Clubs are also a great way to learn about science and math competitions, as well as science summer camps and programs.
If there's none nearby, start your own! This also shows people you have initiative to do well.
1-4. Spur your interest in astrophysics with books.
Check out books written by well-known astrophysicists like Carl Sagan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, Freeman Dyson, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Additionally, seek out astronomy and astrophysics books that explore topics like Exo-planets, asteroids, black holes, time warps, and other similar topics.
Find these books at your school's library, or at your local bookstore.
1-5. Enroll in a science camp or program during the summer.
Find out about local science camps by asking your science and math teachers. Additionally, Summer Fuel and Summer Discovery host summer science programs at a wide variety of universities in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and other parts of the world.
Check out NASA’s summer programs by visiting their web page.
Additionally, the Summer Science Program is a non-profit organization that offers programs in Colorado and New Mexico.
2. Getting Advanced Degrees and Experience
2-1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics.
You will need to take calculus-based physics, computer science, and astronomy. A few electrical engineering classes may also be required. Bachelor’s degree programs typically take 4 years to complete.
If your college doesn’t offer a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics, then get a bachelor’s degree in physics with a minor in astronomy, or vice versa.
2-2. Apply for internship programs over the summer.
Do this while you are getting your bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Universities typically offer summer research programs for astrophysics, physics, and astronomy majors. Ask a professor or your academic advisor about available opportunities.
You can also find internship programs through astrophysics societies, like the American Astronomical Society, or through programs like the Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program.
2-3. Get a master’s of science in astrophysics.
You will be taking advanced physics, astronomy, and computer science classes in a graduate program. These programs will help you develop skills in data measurement and analysis, computer modeling, advanced mathematics, writing/communication, and independent research and scholarship.
A master’s of science degree will prepare you to work as a research assistant, or teach as a visiting professor at colleges and universities.
Master’s programs typically take 2 to 3 years to complete.
2-4. Enquire about research assistant positions.
If you are interested in 1 or 2 of your professors' research, ask them about it during their office hours. If you are serious about pursuing a similar career path, see if they have a research assistant position available over the summer.
Ask them, "How did you become interested in your research?" And, "What projects are you currently working on?"
Make sure to get high grades in their classes as well.
2-5. Obtain a doctoral degree in astrophysics.
Students who complete a master’s degree typically go on to complete a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) in astrophysics. In a doctoral program, you will continue to develop the independent research that you started in your master’s program. Ph.D. candidates also take courses to develop their expertise in a specific field.
A doctoral degree will prepare you to work at a college or university as a researcher or teacher, for government agencies like NASA, private and public research facilities, and national observatories and science centers.
Doctoral degrees typically take 4 to 6 years to complete.
2-6. Apply for a paid post-doctoral research fellowship.
Look for fellowships through university job boards. You can also find fellowships through government or public research facilities. Fellowships typically last 3 years.
If your goal is to become a researcher at a university, then you will need to complete 1 to 2 fellowships before applying for full-time faculty positions.
3. Looking for Jobs
3-1. Apply for positions at colleges and universities.
Search university and college job boards for available positions. Apply for research or teaching positions if you have a Ph.D. and a couple fellowships under your belt. Also let your former professors know that you are looking for a job. They may have information about schools who are seeking candidates for open positions.
If you only have a master’s degree, then apply for professor-in-residence or visiting professor positions in fields such as geology, chemistry, applied math, atmospheric science, and engineering.
3-2. Search for technician positions at technology-based companies.
Public or private technology-based companies typically hire astrophysicists as technicians or technical staff members. Search for jobs at technology-based companies such as Apple, Raytheon, IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Google, Oracle, and Cisco Systems.
3-3. Apply for data analysis jobs at financial firms.
Because astrophysicists have advanced data analysis skills, financial firms often hire them to do market modeling. These jobs involve analyzing data in order to predict financial markets.
Search for jobs at the World Bank, MasterCard, ING, Goldman Sachs, GE Capital, and Standard Chartered Bank, to name a few.
3-4. Look for national observatory or agency jobs.
These agencies typically hire astrophysicists with Ph.D.s and master's degrees as technicians for satellite development, space programs, Exo-planet research, and galactic and stellar observations. Look for these jobs at national observatories like Magdalena Ridge or the Argentine Institute of Radio Observatory.
Also look for these jobs at agencies like the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, and Keck Telescope.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Skills in High School\\n1-1. Take AP math classes.\\nBecause math is the language of astrophysics, you will need to start honing your math skills in high school. Take advanced classes like calculus AB or BC, computer science A and principles, and statistics classes. \\nTo qualify for AP classes in high school, take pre-algebra classes in middle school. Make sure to get high marks in your classes.\\nAP classes are advanced placement classes in U.S. high schools. If you live in another country, like Canada, the UK, or India, seek out similar advanced classes at your high school.\\n1-2. Take AP science classes.\\nTo create a successful career in astrophysics, you will also need to hone your science skills. Take AP classes in biology, chemistry, environmental science, and physics.\\nIn middle school, make sure to do well in your science classes in order to qualify for AP science classes in high school.\\n1-3. Join a physics or an astronomy club.\\nBy joining a physics or an astronomy club, you will be able to meet people who have the same passion for astrophysics as you do. This will help you develop your passion and knowledge of astrophysics.\\nClubs are also a great way to learn about science and math competitions, as well as science summer camps and programs.\\nIf there's none nearby, start your own! This also shows people you have initiative to do well.\\n1-4. Spur your interest in astrophysics with books.\\nCheck out books written by well-known astrophysicists like Carl Sagan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, Freeman Dyson, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Additionally, seek out astronomy and astrophysics books that explore topics like Exo-planets, asteroids, black holes, time warps, and other similar topics.\\nFind these books at your school's library, or at your local bookstore.\\n1-5. Enroll in a science camp or program during the summer.\\nFind out about local science camps by asking your science and math teachers. Additionally, Summer Fuel and Summer Discovery host summer science programs at a wide variety of universities in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and other parts of the world.\\nCheck out NASA’s summer programs by visiting their web page.\\nAdditionally, the Summer Science Program is a non-profit organization that offers programs in Colorado and New Mexico.\\n2. Getting Advanced Degrees and Experience\\n2-1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics.\\nYou will need to take calculus-based physics, computer science, and astronomy. A few electrical engineering classes may also be required. Bachelor’s degree programs typically take 4 years to complete.\\nIf your college doesn’t offer a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics, then get a bachelor’s degree in physics with a minor in astronomy, or vice versa.\\n2-2. Apply for internship programs over the summer.\\nDo this while you are getting your bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Universities typically offer summer research programs for astrophysics, physics, and astronomy majors. Ask a professor or your academic advisor about available opportunities.\\nYou can also find internship programs through astrophysics societies, like the American Astronomical Society, or through programs like the Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program.\\n2-3. Get a master’s of science in astrophysics.\\nYou will be taking advanced physics, astronomy, and computer science classes in a graduate program. These programs will help you develop skills in data measurement and analysis, computer modeling, advanced mathematics, writing/communication, and independent research and scholarship.\\nA master’s of science degree will prepare you to work as a research assistant, or teach as a visiting professor at colleges and universities.\\nMaster’s programs typically take 2 to 3 years to complete.\\n2-4. Enquire about research assistant positions.\\nIf you are interested in 1 or 2 of your professors' research, ask them about it during their office hours. If you are serious about pursuing a similar career path, see if they have a research assistant position available over the summer.\\nAsk them, \\\"How did you become interested in your research?\\\" And, \\\"What projects are you currently working on?\\\"\\nMake sure to get high grades in their classes as well.\\n2-5. Obtain a doctoral degree in astrophysics.\\nStudents who complete a master’s degree typically go on to complete a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) in astrophysics. In a doctoral program, you will continue to develop the independent research that you started in your master’s program. Ph.D. candidates also take courses to develop their expertise in a specific field.\\nA doctoral degree will prepare you to work at a college or university as a researcher or teacher, for government agencies like NASA, private and public research facilities, and national observatories and science centers.\\nDoctoral degrees typically take 4 to 6 years to complete.\\n2-6. Apply for a paid post-doctoral research fellowship.\\nLook for fellowships through university job boards. You can also find fellowships through government or public research facilities. Fellowships typically last 3 years.\\nIf your goal is to become a researcher at a university, then you will need to complete 1 to 2 fellowships before applying for full-time faculty positions.\\n3. Looking for Jobs\\n3-1. Apply for positions at colleges and universities.\\nSearch university and college job boards for available positions. Apply for research or teaching positions if you have a Ph.D. and a couple fellowships under your belt. Also let your former professors know that you are looking for a job. They may have information about schools who are seeking candidates for open positions.\\nIf you only have a master’s degree, then apply for professor-in-residence or visiting professor positions in fields such as geology, chemistry, applied math, atmospheric science, and engineering.\\n3-2. Search for technician positions at technology-based companies.\\nPublic or private technology-based companies typically hire astrophysicists as technicians or technical staff members. Search for jobs at technology-based companies such as Apple, Raytheon, IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Google, Oracle, and Cisco Systems.\\n3-3. Apply for data analysis jobs at financial firms.\\nBecause astrophysicists have advanced data analysis skills, financial firms often hire them to do market modeling. These jobs involve analyzing data in order to predict financial markets.\\nSearch for jobs at the World Bank, MasterCard, ING, Goldman Sachs, GE Capital, and Standard Chartered Bank, to name a few.\\n3-4. Look for national observatory or agency jobs.\\nThese agencies typically hire astrophysicists with Ph.D.s and master's degrees as technicians for satellite development, space programs, Exo-planet research, and galactic and stellar observations. Look for these jobs at national observatories like Magdalena Ridge or the Argentine Institute of Radio Observatory.\\nAlso look for these jobs at agencies like the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, and Keck Telescope.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you are passionate about physics, space, and understanding the physical world, then a career in astrophysics may be just the thing for you. Start developing your skills in high school by taking advanced placement (AP) classes in math and science. Once you get into college, major in astrophysics, or major in physics with a minor in astronomy. To gain the necessary experience, apply for internship programs or research assistant positions over the summer. With a master’s or Ph.D. in astrophysics, you can find positions in academia, and at technology-based companies and financial firms.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Skills in High School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take AP math classes.\", \"描述\": \"Because math is the language of astrophysics, you will need to start honing your math skills in high school. Take advanced classes like calculus AB or BC, computer science A and principles, and statistics classes. \\nTo qualify for AP classes in high school, take pre-algebra classes in middle school. Make sure to get high marks in your classes.\\nAP classes are advanced placement classes in U.S. high schools. If you live in another country, like Canada, the UK, or India, seek out similar advanced classes at your high school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take AP science classes.\", \"描述\": \"To create a successful career in astrophysics, you will also need to hone your science skills. Take AP classes in biology, chemistry, environmental science, and physics.\\nIn middle school, make sure to do well in your science classes in order to qualify for AP science classes in high school.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a physics or an astronomy club.\", \"描述\": \"By joining a physics or an astronomy club, you will be able to meet people who have the same passion for astrophysics as you do. This will help you develop your passion and knowledge of astrophysics.\\nClubs are also a great way to learn about science and math competitions, as well as science summer camps and programs.\\nIf there's none nearby, start your own! This also shows people you have initiative to do well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spur your interest in astrophysics with books.\", \"描述\": \"Check out books written by well-known astrophysicists like Carl Sagan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, Freeman Dyson, and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Additionally, seek out astronomy and astrophysics books that explore topics like Exo-planets, asteroids, black holes, time warps, and other similar topics.\\nFind these books at your school's library, or at your local bookstore.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a science camp or program during the summer.\", \"描述\": \"Find out about local science camps by asking your science and math teachers. Additionally, Summer Fuel and Summer Discovery host summer science programs at a wide variety of universities in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and other parts of the world.\\nCheck out NASA’s summer programs by visiting their web page.\\nAdditionally, the Summer Science Program is a non-profit organization that offers programs in Colorado and New Mexico.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Advanced Degrees and Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to take calculus-based physics, computer science, and astronomy. A few electrical engineering classes may also be required. Bachelor’s degree programs typically take 4 years to complete.\\nIf your college doesn’t offer a bachelor’s degree in astrophysics, then get a bachelor’s degree in physics with a minor in astronomy, or vice versa.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for internship programs over the summer.\", \"描述\": \"Do this while you are getting your bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Universities typically offer summer research programs for astrophysics, physics, and astronomy majors. Ask a professor or your academic advisor about available opportunities.\\nYou can also find internship programs through astrophysics societies, like the American Astronomical Society, or through programs like the Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a master’s of science in astrophysics.\", \"描述\": \"You will be taking advanced physics, astronomy, and computer science classes in a graduate program. These programs will help you develop skills in data measurement and analysis, computer modeling, advanced mathematics, writing/communication, and independent research and scholarship.\\nA master’s of science degree will prepare you to work as a research assistant, or teach as a visiting professor at colleges and universities.\\nMaster’s programs typically take 2 to 3 years to complete.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enquire about research assistant positions.\", \"描述\": \"If you are interested in 1 or 2 of your professors' research, ask them about it during their office hours. If you are serious about pursuing a similar career path, see if they have a research assistant position available over the summer.\\nAsk them, \\\"How did you become interested in your research?\\\" And, \\\"What projects are you currently working on?\\\"\\nMake sure to get high grades in their classes as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtain a doctoral degree in astrophysics.\", \"描述\": \"Students who complete a master’s degree typically go on to complete a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) in astrophysics. In a doctoral program, you will continue to develop the independent research that you started in your master’s program. Ph.D. candidates also take courses to develop their expertise in a specific field.\\nA doctoral degree will prepare you to work at a college or university as a researcher or teacher, for government agencies like NASA, private and public research facilities, and national observatories and science centers.\\nDoctoral degrees typically take 4 to 6 years to complete.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply for a paid post-doctoral research fellowship.\", \"描述\": \"Look for fellowships through university job boards. You can also find fellowships through government or public research facilities. Fellowships typically last 3 years.\\nIf your goal is to become a researcher at a university, then you will need to complete 1 to 2 fellowships before applying for full-time faculty positions.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Looking for Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for positions at colleges and universities.\", \"描述\": \"Search university and college job boards for available positions. Apply for research or teaching positions if you have a Ph.D. and a couple fellowships under your belt. Also let your former professors know that you are looking for a job. They may have information about schools who are seeking candidates for open positions.\\nIf you only have a master’s degree, then apply for professor-in-residence or visiting professor positions in fields such as geology, chemistry, applied math, atmospheric science, and engineering.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search for technician positions at technology-based companies.\", \"描述\": \"Public or private technology-based companies typically hire astrophysicists as technicians or technical staff members. Search for jobs at technology-based companies such as Apple, Raytheon, IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Google, Oracle, and Cisco Systems.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for data analysis jobs at financial firms.\", \"描述\": \"Because astrophysicists have advanced data analysis skills, financial firms often hire them to do market modeling. These jobs involve analyzing data in order to predict financial markets.\\nSearch for jobs at the World Bank, MasterCard, ING, Goldman Sachs, GE Capital, and Standard Chartered Bank, to name a few.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for national observatory or agency jobs.\", \"描述\": \"These agencies typically hire astrophysicists with Ph.D.s and master's degrees as technicians for satellite development, space programs, Exo-planet research, and galactic and stellar observations. Look for these jobs at national observatories like Magdalena Ridge or the Argentine Institute of Radio Observatory.\\nAlso look for these jobs at agencies like the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, and Keck Telescope.\"}]}]}}",
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How to Become an Atheist
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1. Steps
1-1. Examine your current beliefs.
No matter what you previously believed, if now deep down you find no belief in god, your transformation is already complete. There is no process or initiation for becoming an atheist (except possibly a "coming out" to others). If you can honestly think, "I don't believe there is a god/gods," you are already an atheist.
1-2. Understand the difference between belief and truth.
Consider the following examples:
A stranger comes to your door and tells you that your child has been killed in a car accident outside their school.
You would feel a pang of emotion, but this is a stranger. Do you believe them? Do they know who your child is? Is this some sort of cruel joke? Do you really believe that your child has been killed? You will be inclined to harbor some strong doubts.
Two police officers come to your door, squad car in the driveway. They tell you your child has been killed. They need you to come with them to identify the body.
You will in all likelihood believe them, they are police officers. You will feel the emotion as though you know for a fact that your child is dead. It will be real to you.
You should notice that the difference between these two examples is the authority of the messenger, not the message itself. These examples are also chosen for their emotional content because the emotional content is a large part of what makes a situation real to us.
The point is, whether we believe something based on authority, or emotion, or both, we cannot it is until we see with our own eyes. The highest authority you can imagine could tell you the simplest thing, and you may believe them, and they may believe themselves, but that does not in any way make it true.
1-3. Understand the difference between scientific belief and religious belief.
The difference between belief in a scientific theory as opposed to belief in a religious dogma boils down to the difference between the institution of science and the institutions of various religions.The underlying concept in religious institutions is that the nature of reality is known. The nature of reality is written in a book or scroll. This writing was originally done, or dictated, or inspired, by a god. Religious institutions are primarily concerned with spreading information about the "known" nature of reality because, in their understanding of reality, that is what they are required to do. Religious "facts" are not subject to testing, and in most cases cannot be tested. Religious "facts" are supported by evidence that is open to interpretation, or no evidence at all. Religious "facts" are not reviewed by all religions to reach a consensus.The underlying concept in the institution of science is that the nature of reality is unknown. The institution of science is primarily concerned with discovering the nature of reality without making assumptions. Scientific theories must, by definition, be testable (falsifiable). Theories must be published for review by other scientists with the intention of reaching a consensus. Accepted theories are supported by evidence that is not open to interpretation, or is consistently interpreted by qualified scientists. If evidence is found that contradicts a theory, the theory will be abandoned.One believes in a scientific authority, because they derive their authority from the review process, and because they have an interest in discovering the truth. One believes in a religious authority because they have been given authority by their superiors, who in turn get their authority from their subordinates. Religion has no interest in discovering the truth because the "facts" are already known.
1-4. Remember that you aren't the only person who has found fault with their religion.
People throughout history have looked critically at their religious beliefs and found fault. If you have issues and problems, then look at them honestly, with the notion that you will not be punished for trying to find what you truly believe. If your beliefs are valid, then they will stand up to scrutiny. Most of the religions that have ever been, have gone extinct. You would be hard pressed to find people worshiping Thor or Quetzalcoatl. Take a hard look at why you don't believe in Thor, or Rah, or Zeus. Would you be Islamic, Christian, or Jewish if you were raised in Iran, Mississippi, or Israel?
1-5. Consider your ethics and try to understand where they come from.
You don't need a god/gods to be moral. Atheists are not unethical. Like many theists, many atheists donate to charity and live lives that are morally similar to those of theists. Atheists just might have different motivations for doing so. Many non-believers focus their concerns on social justice. With or without religion, people can be good or bad. - Steven Weinberg.
1-6. Understand what atheism isn't.
Many people conflate atheism with things that are either unrelated or true of most but not all atheists.
agnosticism|An agnostic is someone who is unsure of whether or not a god exists. You can be both an atheist and agnostic. Many atheists are also agnostic (even if they only identify as agnostic). A gnostic atheist is someone who is someone who is sure of god(s)'s nonexistence.
Atheists do not "hate god". Since atheists do not believe in a god(s) they cannot hate something they cannot hate it. (They can however hate the notion of a god(s) or the idea of god(s)'s impact on society though many atheists do not hate the notion of god.)
Atheists aren't always non-religious. Though most people who identify as atheists are non-religious some organized religions are atheistic.
Note that being an atheist does not mean that someone doesn't believe in the afterlife. Although many atheists don't, atheism is lack of belief in god(s) not the afterlife.
You do not have to be anti-religion. Some atheists, however, do disapprove of organized religion as well as the doctrine of faith as a virtue. There are others who still attend religious services for their own reasons, such as an agreement with some of the moral tenets, membership in a community, or even just a fondness for the music.
You do not have to write off the possibility of unverified or unverifiable phenomena. You can acknowledge that they are possible without insisting or acting as if they are true, or trying to convince others that they are true.
You do not have to subscribe to any set of beliefs. Atheism is not a religion. Atheists hold a wide variety of beliefs and outlooks, the only similarity being a lack of belief in a god or gods.
1-7. Understand that you do not have to give up your culture.
Culture, tradition, and tribal loyalty are important to many people, including atheists. By denying belief in a god/gods, one need not totally dissociate oneself with the culture associated with his or her former religion. Virtually every northern hemispheric culture celebrates a winter solstice holiday. A possible explanation for this is the lack of agrarian work to be performed and the abundance of food stores for the dearth winter months ahead. Such a celebration can be, and is in many cases, still important to an atheist for its intrinsic values -- those of sharing and community, among others. Many atheists who were either formerly religious or even one who were never religious celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas or Hanukkah with their religious and nonreligious friends and family alike.
1-8. Learn to see and come to conclusions about the world through a logical lens, rather than through faith.
The Scientific Method is universally accepted as the best way to understand the world.
1-9. Discuss the world in this context with other atheists and with religious people.
This will help you understand why people believe what they do and help you understand your atheism in that context.
If there aren't many atheists in your area (or you can't talk to them) try looking for an online community.
1-10. Study various forms of theism.
While most atheists argue that theists are making a positive assertion (and thus bear the burden of proof), it is important to thoroughly understand your former faith and its tenets as well as those of other faiths. The more versed you are in other religions and the more you understand why people believe what they do, the better basis you'll have for your worldview. Also, it will help you fend off those that will try to convert you to their religion, once they learn of your atheism.
1-11. Communicate your perspective to those who are curious.
Do not be shy, but don't be condescending. Try to help them understand your point of view in a non-confrontational manner. However, you may choose to hide your perspective if it is clear you are going to run into trouble. In some countries or regions, the price of atheism can be very high.
Tips
Treat all people, including religious people, with respect, because it's the sensible thing to do. Being unpleasant to people of faith will probably only validate their negative assumptions that they may have about other value and belief systems.
Remember, it's okay to be an atheist!
You may want to read books by Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Christopher Hitchens, Sam Harris, and Carl Sagan, or listen to routines by comedians George Carlin and Tim Minchin. They are all associated with atheism.
Warnings
Be prepared to be ill-received by some religious people. Many theists find your lack of beliefs both offensive and horrifying. Many atheists find themselves socially scorned or even threatened with violence. It is important to talk about your ideas, but be sure to do this in an appropriate context.
You may find that some friends will no longer want to associate with you. These were not real friends in the first place. If they were, then they would still be friends with you.
Believers may try, sometimes relentlessly, to convert you. They may completely fail to understand your new position. Be understanding.
Some parents will react harshly to you coming out as an atheist. If you are worried that coming out to your parents may be unsafe (potentially being killed, losing college fund, getting kicked out, etc. etc.) it may be best to not come out (especially if you're a minor or dependent on them).
Do not go public if you're in a country where atheism is illegal. As atheism means no god, there is no god that will magically protect you for being an atheist. Only come out when it's safe.
If you get off religion in class, the other students in your class may start to hate/envy you.
Study your beliefs. Don't just become an atheist because you want to. Study and think about whether or not a god existing is really reasonable. Ultimately, you don't decide to become an atheist because you don't really choose to be unconvinced. Eventually, you just realize that you are unconvinced.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Examine your current beliefs.\\nNo matter what you previously believed, if now deep down you find no belief in god, your transformation is already complete. There is no process or initiation for becoming an atheist (except possibly a \\\"coming out\\\" to others). If you can honestly think, \\\"I don't believe there is a god/gods,\\\" you are already an atheist.\\n1-2. Understand the difference between belief and truth.\\nConsider the following examples:\\nA stranger comes to your door and tells you that your child has been killed in a car accident outside their school.\\nYou would feel a pang of emotion, but this is a stranger. Do you believe them? Do they know who your child is? Is this some sort of cruel joke? Do you really believe that your child has been killed? You will be inclined to harbor some strong doubts.\\nTwo police officers come to your door, squad car in the driveway. They tell you your child has been killed. They need you to come with them to identify the body.\\nYou will in all likelihood believe them, they are police officers. You will feel the emotion as though you know for a fact that your child is dead. It will be real to you.\\nYou should notice that the difference between these two examples is the authority of the messenger, not the message itself. These examples are also chosen for their emotional content because the emotional content is a large part of what makes a situation real to us.\\nThe point is, whether we believe something based on authority, or emotion, or both, we cannot it is until we see with our own eyes. The highest authority you can imagine could tell you the simplest thing, and you may believe them, and they may believe themselves, but that does not in any way make it true.\\n1-3. Understand the difference between scientific belief and religious belief.\\nThe difference between belief in a scientific theory as opposed to belief in a religious dogma boils down to the difference between the institution of science and the institutions of various religions.The underlying concept in religious institutions is that the nature of reality is known. The nature of reality is written in a book or scroll. This writing was originally done, or dictated, or inspired, by a god. Religious institutions are primarily concerned with spreading information about the \\\"known\\\" nature of reality because, in their understanding of reality, that is what they are required to do. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are not subject to testing, and in most cases cannot be tested. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are supported by evidence that is open to interpretation, or no evidence at all. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are not reviewed by all religions to reach a consensus.The underlying concept in the institution of science is that the nature of reality is unknown. The institution of science is primarily concerned with discovering the nature of reality without making assumptions. Scientific theories must, by definition, be testable (falsifiable). Theories must be published for review by other scientists with the intention of reaching a consensus. Accepted theories are supported by evidence that is not open to interpretation, or is consistently interpreted by qualified scientists. If evidence is found that contradicts a theory, the theory will be abandoned.One believes in a scientific authority, because they derive their authority from the review process, and because they have an interest in discovering the truth. One believes in a religious authority because they have been given authority by their superiors, who in turn get their authority from their subordinates. Religion has no interest in discovering the truth because the \\\"facts\\\" are already known.\\n1-4. Remember that you aren't the only person who has found fault with their religion.\\nPeople throughout history have looked critically at their religious beliefs and found fault. If you have issues and problems, then look at them honestly, with the notion that you will not be punished for trying to find what you truly believe. If your beliefs are valid, then they will stand up to scrutiny. Most of the religions that have ever been, have gone extinct. You would be hard pressed to find people worshiping Thor or Quetzalcoatl. Take a hard look at why you don't believe in Thor, or Rah, or Zeus. Would you be Islamic, Christian, or Jewish if you were raised in Iran, Mississippi, or Israel?\\n1-5. Consider your ethics and try to understand where they come from.\\nYou don't need a god/gods to be moral. Atheists are not unethical. Like many theists, many atheists donate to charity and live lives that are morally similar to those of theists. Atheists just might have different motivations for doing so. Many non-believers focus their concerns on social justice. With or without religion, people can be good or bad. - Steven Weinberg.\\n1-6. Understand what atheism isn't.\\nMany people conflate atheism with things that are either unrelated or true of most but not all atheists.\\n\\nagnosticism|An agnostic is someone who is unsure of whether or not a god exists. You can be both an atheist and agnostic. Many atheists are also agnostic (even if they only identify as agnostic). A gnostic atheist is someone who is someone who is sure of god(s)'s nonexistence.\\nAtheists do not \\\"hate god\\\". Since atheists do not believe in a god(s) they cannot hate something they cannot hate it. (They can however hate the notion of a god(s) or the idea of god(s)'s impact on society though many atheists do not hate the notion of god.)\\nAtheists aren't always non-religious. Though most people who identify as atheists are non-religious some organized religions are atheistic.\\nNote that being an atheist does not mean that someone doesn't believe in the afterlife. Although many atheists don't, atheism is lack of belief in god(s) not the afterlife.\\nYou do not have to be anti-religion. Some atheists, however, do disapprove of organized religion as well as the doctrine of faith as a virtue. There are others who still attend religious services for their own reasons, such as an agreement with some of the moral tenets, membership in a community, or even just a fondness for the music.\\nYou do not have to write off the possibility of unverified or unverifiable phenomena. You can acknowledge that they are possible without insisting or acting as if they are true, or trying to convince others that they are true.\\nYou do not have to subscribe to any set of beliefs. Atheism is not a religion. Atheists hold a wide variety of beliefs and outlooks, the only similarity being a lack of belief in a god or gods.\\n1-7. Understand that you do not have to give up your culture.\\nCulture, tradition, and tribal loyalty are important to many people, including atheists. By denying belief in a god/gods, one need not totally dissociate oneself with the culture associated with his or her former religion. Virtually every northern hemispheric culture celebrates a winter solstice holiday. A possible explanation for this is the lack of agrarian work to be performed and the abundance of food stores for the dearth winter months ahead. Such a celebration can be, and is in many cases, still important to an atheist for its intrinsic values -- those of sharing and community, among others. Many atheists who were either formerly religious or even one who were never religious celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas or Hanukkah with their religious and nonreligious friends and family alike.\\n1-8. Learn to see and come to conclusions about the world through a logical lens, rather than through faith.\\nThe Scientific Method is universally accepted as the best way to understand the world.\\n1-9. Discuss the world in this context with other atheists and with religious people.\\nThis will help you understand why people believe what they do and help you understand your atheism in that context.\\nIf there aren't many atheists in your area (or you can't talk to them) try looking for an online community.\\n1-10. Study various forms of theism.\\nWhile most atheists argue that theists are making a positive assertion (and thus bear the burden of proof), it is important to thoroughly understand your former faith and its tenets as well as those of other faiths. The more versed you are in other religions and the more you understand why people believe what they do, the better basis you'll have for your worldview. Also, it will help you fend off those that will try to convert you to their religion, once they learn of your atheism.\\n1-11. Communicate your perspective to those who are curious.\\nDo not be shy, but don't be condescending. Try to help them understand your point of view in a non-confrontational manner. However, you may choose to hide your perspective if it is clear you are going to run into trouble. In some countries or regions, the price of atheism can be very high.\\nTips\\nTreat all people, including religious people, with respect, because it's the sensible thing to do. Being unpleasant to people of faith will probably only validate their negative assumptions that they may have about other value and belief systems.\\nRemember, it's okay to be an atheist!\\nYou may want to read books by Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Christopher Hitchens, Sam Harris, and Carl Sagan, or listen to routines by comedians George Carlin and Tim Minchin. They are all associated with atheism.\\nWarnings\\nBe prepared to be ill-received by some religious people. Many theists find your lack of beliefs both offensive and horrifying. Many atheists find themselves socially scorned or even threatened with violence. It is important to talk about your ideas, but be sure to do this in an appropriate context.\\nYou may find that some friends will no longer want to associate with you. These were not real friends in the first place. If they were, then they would still be friends with you.\\nBelievers may try, sometimes relentlessly, to convert you. They may completely fail to understand your new position. Be understanding.\\nSome parents will react harshly to you coming out as an atheist. If you are worried that coming out to your parents may be unsafe (potentially being killed, losing college fund, getting kicked out, etc. etc.) it may be best to not come out (especially if you're a minor or dependent on them).\\nDo not go public if you're in a country where atheism is illegal. As atheism means no god, there is no god that will magically protect you for being an atheist. Only come out when it's safe.\\nIf you get off religion in class, the other students in your class may start to hate/envy you.\\nStudy your beliefs. Don't just become an atheist because you want to. Study and think about whether or not a god existing is really reasonable. Ultimately, you don't decide to become an atheist because you don't really choose to be unconvinced. Eventually, you just realize that you are unconvinced.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Atheism, in its broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of gods. This definition includes both those who assert that there are no gods and those who make no claim about whether gods exist or not. Simply stated, anyone who does not believe in a god(s), by definition, is an atheist. Narrower and more common definitions, however, often only qualify those who assert there are no gods as atheists, labeling the others as agnostics or simply non-theists.\\n\\nThere is no single ideology that all atheists share, nor are there any institutionalized rituals or behaviors. There are certain individuals whose religious or spiritual beliefs some might describe as atheistic, though those holding such beliefs do not normally describe themselves as atheists.\\n\\nDue to some contrary belief, primarily in heavily religious countries, being an atheist does not imply deliberately \\\"disobeying God\\\". Atheism is not a belief but is only the absence thereof. Atheists are also sometimes accused of \\\"hating God\\\", which is impossible since you can not hate something you do not believe exists. Atheism is not directly linked to evolution, nor the big bang theory. However, many atheists, primarily those who wish to study atheism and religion further, turn to science, hence gaining an interest in such theories.\\n\\nIn countries such as the United States of America and continents such as Asia, religion is thriving. Although it may seem black and white, countries with the highest poverty and murder rates, lowest education rates and human development rates (HDI), tend to be the most religious, in contrast with the most atheistic countries, such as Norway and Sweden. This can also be observed in the US by state.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Examine your current beliefs.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what you previously believed, if now deep down you find no belief in god, your transformation is already complete. There is no process or initiation for becoming an atheist (except possibly a \\\"coming out\\\" to others). If you can honestly think, \\\"I don't believe there is a god/gods,\\\" you are already an atheist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand the difference between belief and truth.\", \"描述\": \"Consider the following examples:\\nA stranger comes to your door and tells you that your child has been killed in a car accident outside their school.\\nYou would feel a pang of emotion, but this is a stranger. Do you believe them? Do they know who your child is? Is this some sort of cruel joke? Do you really believe that your child has been killed? You will be inclined to harbor some strong doubts.\\nTwo police officers come to your door, squad car in the driveway. They tell you your child has been killed. They need you to come with them to identify the body.\\nYou will in all likelihood believe them, they are police officers. You will feel the emotion as though you know for a fact that your child is dead. It will be real to you.\\nYou should notice that the difference between these two examples is the authority of the messenger, not the message itself. These examples are also chosen for their emotional content because the emotional content is a large part of what makes a situation real to us.\\nThe point is, whether we believe something based on authority, or emotion, or both, we cannot it is until we see with our own eyes. The highest authority you can imagine could tell you the simplest thing, and you may believe them, and they may believe themselves, but that does not in any way make it true.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the difference between scientific belief and religious belief.\", \"描述\": \"The difference between belief in a scientific theory as opposed to belief in a religious dogma boils down to the difference between the institution of science and the institutions of various religions.The underlying concept in religious institutions is that the nature of reality is known. The nature of reality is written in a book or scroll. This writing was originally done, or dictated, or inspired, by a god. Religious institutions are primarily concerned with spreading information about the \\\"known\\\" nature of reality because, in their understanding of reality, that is what they are required to do. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are not subject to testing, and in most cases cannot be tested. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are supported by evidence that is open to interpretation, or no evidence at all. Religious \\\"facts\\\" are not reviewed by all religions to reach a consensus.The underlying concept in the institution of science is that the nature of reality is unknown. The institution of science is primarily concerned with discovering the nature of reality without making assumptions. Scientific theories must, by definition, be testable (falsifiable). Theories must be published for review by other scientists with the intention of reaching a consensus. Accepted theories are supported by evidence that is not open to interpretation, or is consistently interpreted by qualified scientists. If evidence is found that contradicts a theory, the theory will be abandoned.One believes in a scientific authority, because they derive their authority from the review process, and because they have an interest in discovering the truth. One believes in a religious authority because they have been given authority by their superiors, who in turn get their authority from their subordinates. Religion has no interest in discovering the truth because the \\\"facts\\\" are already known.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remember that you aren't the only person who has found fault with their religion.\", \"描述\": \"People throughout history have looked critically at their religious beliefs and found fault. If you have issues and problems, then look at them honestly, with the notion that you will not be punished for trying to find what you truly believe. If your beliefs are valid, then they will stand up to scrutiny. Most of the religions that have ever been, have gone extinct. You would be hard pressed to find people worshiping Thor or Quetzalcoatl. Take a hard look at why you don't believe in Thor, or Rah, or Zeus. Would you be Islamic, Christian, or Jewish if you were raised in Iran, Mississippi, or Israel?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider your ethics and try to understand where they come from.\", \"描述\": \"You don't need a god/gods to be moral. Atheists are not unethical. Like many theists, many atheists donate to charity and live lives that are morally similar to those of theists. Atheists just might have different motivations for doing so. Many non-believers focus their concerns on social justice. With or without religion, people can be good or bad. - Steven Weinberg.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Understand what atheism isn't.\", \"描述\": \"Many people conflate atheism with things that are either unrelated or true of most but not all atheists.\\n\\nagnosticism|An agnostic is someone who is unsure of whether or not a god exists. You can be both an atheist and agnostic. Many atheists are also agnostic (even if they only identify as agnostic). A gnostic atheist is someone who is someone who is sure of god(s)'s nonexistence.\\nAtheists do not \\\"hate god\\\". Since atheists do not believe in a god(s) they cannot hate something they cannot hate it. (They can however hate the notion of a god(s) or the idea of god(s)'s impact on society though many atheists do not hate the notion of god.)\\nAtheists aren't always non-religious. Though most people who identify as atheists are non-religious some organized religions are atheistic.\\nNote that being an atheist does not mean that someone doesn't believe in the afterlife. Although many atheists don't, atheism is lack of belief in god(s) not the afterlife.\\nYou do not have to be anti-religion. Some atheists, however, do disapprove of organized religion as well as the doctrine of faith as a virtue. There are others who still attend religious services for their own reasons, such as an agreement with some of the moral tenets, membership in a community, or even just a fondness for the music.\\nYou do not have to write off the possibility of unverified or unverifiable phenomena. You can acknowledge that they are possible without insisting or acting as if they are true, or trying to convince others that they are true.\\nYou do not have to subscribe to any set of beliefs. Atheism is not a religion. Atheists hold a wide variety of beliefs and outlooks, the only similarity being a lack of belief in a god or gods.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Understand that you do not have to give up your culture.\", \"描述\": \"Culture, tradition, and tribal loyalty are important to many people, including atheists. By denying belief in a god/gods, one need not totally dissociate oneself with the culture associated with his or her former religion. Virtually every northern hemispheric culture celebrates a winter solstice holiday. A possible explanation for this is the lack of agrarian work to be performed and the abundance of food stores for the dearth winter months ahead. Such a celebration can be, and is in many cases, still important to an atheist for its intrinsic values -- those of sharing and community, among others. Many atheists who were either formerly religious or even one who were never religious celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas or Hanukkah with their religious and nonreligious friends and family alike.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Learn to see and come to conclusions about the world through a logical lens, rather than through faith.\", \"描述\": \"The Scientific Method is universally accepted as the best way to understand the world.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Discuss the world in this context with other atheists and with religious people.\", \"描述\": \"This will help you understand why people believe what they do and help you understand your atheism in that context.\\nIf there aren't many atheists in your area (or you can't talk to them) try looking for an online community.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Study various forms of theism.\", \"描述\": \"While most atheists argue that theists are making a positive assertion (and thus bear the burden of proof), it is important to thoroughly understand your former faith and its tenets as well as those of other faiths. The more versed you are in other religions and the more you understand why people believe what they do, the better basis you'll have for your worldview. Also, it will help you fend off those that will try to convert you to their religion, once they learn of your atheism.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Communicate your perspective to those who are curious.\", \"描述\": \"Do not be shy, but don't be condescending. Try to help them understand your point of view in a non-confrontational manner. However, you may choose to hide your perspective if it is clear you are going to run into trouble. In some countries or regions, the price of atheism can be very high.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Treat all people, including religious people, with respect, because it's the sensible thing to do. Being unpleasant to people of faith will probably only validate their negative assumptions that they may have about other value and belief systems.\\n\", \"Remember, it's okay to be an atheist!\\n\", \"You may want to read books by Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Christopher Hitchens, Sam Harris, and Carl Sagan, or listen to routines by comedians George Carlin and Tim Minchin. They are all associated with atheism.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be prepared to be ill-received by some religious people. Many theists find your lack of beliefs both offensive and horrifying. Many atheists find themselves socially scorned or even threatened with violence. It is important to talk about your ideas, but be sure to do this in an appropriate context.\\n\", \"You may find that some friends will no longer want to associate with you. These were not real friends in the first place. If they were, then they would still be friends with you.\\n\", \"Believers may try, sometimes relentlessly, to convert you. They may completely fail to understand your new position. Be understanding.\\n\", \"Some parents will react harshly to you coming out as an atheist. If you are worried that coming out to your parents may be unsafe (potentially being killed, losing college fund, getting kicked out, etc. etc.) it may be best to not come out (especially if you're a minor or dependent on them).\\n\", \"Do not go public if you're in a country where atheism is illegal. As atheism means no god, there is no god that will magically protect you for being an atheist. Only come out when it's safe.\\n\", \"If you get off religion in class, the other students in your class may start to hate/envy you.\\n\", \"Study your beliefs. Don't just become an atheist because you want to. Study and think about whether or not a god existing is really reasonable. Ultimately, you don't decide to become an atheist because you don't really choose to be unconvinced. Eventually, you just realize that you are unconvinced.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,953 |
How to Become an Attorney in Florida
|
1. Succeeding in College
1-1. Apply to college.
To enroll in law school, you must possess a Bachelor's Degree from a college or university, which typically requires four years of full-time study. If you know you want to specialize in an area of a law, you can build a foundation for your future study by completing an undergraduate degree in a professional area related to that legal field, such as accounting for a tax attorney, or a science degree for a patent attorney.
Some specialized legal fields require a certain undergraduate degree. For example, if you want to be a patent lawyer, the United States Trademark and Patent Office requires that you have a degree in an approved technical field.
The American Bar Association (ABA) does not recommend any particular undergraduate majors or courses; however, statistics show that prelaw and criminal justice majors are less likely to be accepted to law schools than students who major in fields that require intensive reading and writing.
Prestigious universities have a reputation for being competitive. Not attending a prestigious or expensive university is certainly not a bar to being accepted to law school, but a degree from a competitive university will impress admissions boards and future employers.
1-2. Consider a 3/3 program.
Several universities in the United States offer 3/3 programs, which allow students to enter law school after only three years of undergraduate study.
1-3. Get real-world experience.
You can build your legal experience early by completing an internship at a law firm or government office during your undergraduate years. This experience will teach you how to think like a lawyer and give you a preview of what to expect after law school.
2. Taking the Law School Admission Test (LSAT)
2-1. Register for the test.
The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath.
Register early. You must take the LSAT in September or October at the latest to qualify for fall admissions. If you take the June exam and are disappointed with your score, you will have enough time to take it again before applying for the fall.
2-2. Study for the test.
The LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.
A top-notch study program should provide adequate time to study for the exam. For the summer examination, begin studying in January.
Your local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams and then move backward through older exams.
2-3. Take the test.
ABA-accredited law schools only accept students who complete the LSAT. The LSAT is designed to evaluate reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Scores are indicative of the likelihood of an applicant's success in law school, and are an important factor in a law school's decision to admit an applicant.
2-4. Retake if your score is low.
Applicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score does not improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.
3. Gathering Application Materials
3-1. Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).
CAS is a service offered by the Law School Admission Council, which is the same organization that administers the LSAT. CAS is used by all law schools, and allows you to submit your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluations to multiple schools all at once. The service requires a fee.
Register early and make sure to send your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner. You can find more information on registration here.
3-2. Solicit letters of recommendation.
Ask your professors if they will write a letter of recommendation for you. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as church or volunteer organizations.
3-3. Draft a personal statement.
Law schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.
Follow the directions in each school's application materials. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. If you are given a word limit, stick to the limit.
3-4. Consider writing an addendum.
An addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.”
For example, an addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.
A sample addendum might read: "I am writing to explain why my grades dropped the fall of my junior year. Late that summer, I fell sick with mononucleosis. Although I could have taken the fall semester off, I wanted to graduate in four years for financial reasons. Accordingly, my grades suffered as I fought my illness, but they improved once I physically recovered."
3-5. Consider costs.
Law school tuition can run upwards of $50,000 a year. Recent graduates often carry debt loads totaling over $150,000. Research the average annual salary for new attorneys in your geographic area, as well as the average starting salary for graduates of law schools you are considering.
Many public law schools are less expensive than private schools, but some private schools may have more financial aid available. Carefully calculate the total cost, including average annual living expenses.
If you are interested in attending a public law school in a different state, contact the Admissions office to ask about establishing residency. Residents of a state may qualify for lower tuition than non-residents.
Understand that you will most likely not be able to work a regular job while attending law school full-time. Some programs require students to seek permission from the administration to work during the school year, especially during the first year.
4. Applying to Law Schools
4-1. Understand the difference between ABA-accredited and non-accredited law schools.
Every law school in Florida is ABA-accredited, but some law schools in other jurisdictions are not. Florida does not permit graduates of non-ABA-accredited law schools to sit for the bar exam, unless additional requirements are met.
Graduates of non-ABA-accredited schools must apply to the Florida Board of Bar Examiners for permission to sit for the bar exam, and must have practiced law for at least ten years in another jurisdiction, be in good standing with that jurisdiction's state bar, and submit a compilation of work product demonstrating the ability to competently practice law.
As of 2015, Florida has 12 law schools, with University of Florida Levin College of Law being the top-ranked school in the state according to U.S. News and World Report and StartClass.com. You can also attend an out-of-state law school and still take the Florida bar exam.
4-2. Examine bar passage rates and employment statistics.
Since the purpose of going to law school is ultimately to work as a lawyer, look at how well schools have prepared their graduates for passing the bar and finding employment.
Pay careful attention to employment numbers. The most relevant statistic is the number of graduates who are working full-time in legal occupations.
Avoid schools with low bar passage rates. Your law degree loses most of its value if you can't pass the bar exam. Having to take the bar exam twice will also lengthen the time it takes to become a lawyer.
4-3. Apply to multiple law schools.
Applying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don't get into a school, then you will have to wait another year before sending more applications.
Divide your applications into three pools: safeties, targets, and reaches. A safety is a school where your GPA and LSAT are above the median. A target school will have medians equivalent to your scores, with reaches being those schools where you are well below the reported medians.
Send a few applications to reach schools, but focus most of your attention on targets and safeties.
4-4. Consider applying to a school in a community where you are willing to live.
Since most law schools do not have a national reputation, they feed their graduates into the local legal economy. You should apply to a law school located in an area where you would be happy to set down roots.
5. Attending Law School
5-1. Plan your timeline carefully.
A J.D. degree generally takes three years (more if you attend part-time) to complete. Your first year will be foundational coursework in bar-tested subjects. You will be able to add electives in your second and third years. Plan in advance what courses you want to take to make sure that you meet all graduation requirements.
After earning your J.D., you may consider applying to an LL.M. (Master of Laws) degree program. This is an advanced law degree in a specialized area, and usually requires an additional year of study.
5-2. Join a study group.
Law school is often stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.
5-3. Take exams seriously.
Most schools grade on a strict curve, requiring you outperform your peers, rather than merely keep up with them, to get a top grade. Study hard and focus on putting forth your best effort.
5-4. Build a network.
Most jobs are found by word-of-mouth and personal recommendation. Use your law school years to meet as many local attorneys as possible.
Many law schools employ practicing attorneys as adjunct professors. Adjuncts are a great resource for learning more about the local legal market.
5-5. Seek internships and other practical experiences.
There are many opportunities to gain practical experience during law school. Each can improve your resume with new skills and expand your professional network, and some may lead to job offers upon graduation. Some opportunities include:
Internships and externships. Work for a government office or a private firm in exchange for money (internship) or course credit (externship).
Clinics. School-sponsored clinics provide free or low-cost legal aid to the community. Work is performed by law students, under the supervision of law professors. Clinics may be repeatable for course credit.
Judicial clerkships. Work for a judge doing research and writing.
Practical courses. Some courses, such as mock trial, mediation, and motion practice, have a large practical participation component.
Competitions. Represent your school in mock trial, moot court, or other competitions.
Clubs and associations. Campus groups are usually organized around a specific community or academic area of interest. Participation in such organizations shows leadership and a strong commitment to a subject or topic.
Law review. Writing for your school's law review journal requires strong writing skills, and gives you the opportunity to publish original work.
5-6. Pass the MPRE during law school.
The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions that tests the applicant's knowledge of the rules for professional conduct in the practice of law You will take the exam in your third year of law school.
You are allowed to take the MPRE during law school, which allows you to get this requirement out of the way. Then you won't have to worry about it while studying for the bar exam, and your admission to the bar will not be put on hold while you take the MPRE.
Since you have already taken the LSAT, you should know how to prepare for this standardized exam. Gather practice materials, set a schedule, and approach the exam seriously. Give yourself enough time to fully prepare.
6. Gaining Admission to the Florida Bar
6-1. Pass the Florida bar exam.
The exam tests whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in the state. It is administered in February and July, and lasts for two days. The first day consists of three hours of essay questions and three hours of multiple-choice, testing knowledge of general law and Florida law. The second day is the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), a six-hour, 200 multiple-choice question test of general law.
Register for a commercial bar preparation course, such as Barbri, Kaplan, Themis, and others. These courses typically supply books, instruction, interactive online content, and individual grading of your writing. Commercial bar prep courses are the norm, and will be strongly recommended by your professors.
Realistically, you will need to study full-time from the time you graduate in early June through the beginning of the test at the end of July. If your school offers additional bar preparation services, take advantage of them in addition to a commercial prep course.
Many bar takers don't pass on the first try. Don't be discouraged; you can try again.
Applicants who have been disbarred must wait five years to apply for readmission to the Florida Bar, and must pay an additional application fee of $600. Applicants with a felony conviction must wait until their civil rights are restored before applying to the Florida Bar.
6-2. Satisfy moral character and fitness requirements.
Each state bar investigates the moral character and fitness of bar applicants, and will inquire into relevant criminal issues, untreated substance abuse or mental illness, untruthfulness, and financial irresponsibility.
6-3. Pass the MPRE.
If you did not take and pass the MPRE during law school, study and take the test now. A passing score is required for admission to the Florida bar.
7. Finding Work
7-1. Start looking early.
Job opportunities can come from people you meet in law school. Use the network of classmates, professors, and attorneys you met during law school to get recommendations for places to apply.
7-2. Sign up for On-Campus Interviewing.
Law firms will register to interview students on campus. This typically happens the summer before your third year, but firms can come any time during the year. Even if you don't think you have strong credentials, it doesn't hurt to introduce yourself to potential employers.
Be sure to bring copies of your resume, transcripts, and writing samples, as well as the names of references. Being prepared creates a great first impression.
7-3. Search online.
Firms of all sizes post job opportunities online with services like Monster, CareerBuilder, LinkedIn, Symplicity, and even Craigslist. Check daily and have a resume and writing sample prepared to send electronically on a moment's notice.
If the job posting requires a cover letter, customize your letter as much as possible instead of sending a form cover letter.
7-4. Set up informational interviews.
After taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.
In the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.
Develop a list of questions and take notes. Be engaged.
Ask the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterwards.
7-5. Attend bar association events.
Bar association membership and individual events may cost money, but these networking opportunities could reap big rewards. Be sure to have a business card available. You can find up-to-date information on events at FloridaBar.org.
7-6. Consider relocating.
In 2015, ValuePenguin.com published its top 100 "Best Cities for Lawyers," evaluating the average salary, availability of jobs, and cost of living in each. Miami placed at #4, followed by Orlando, North Port, West Palm Beach, Tampa, Fort Lauderdale, Tallahassee, Naples, and Jacksonville. Hot practice areas include immigration, international trade, and divorce.
7-7. Volunteer.
Even though you are a qualified attorney, you might still need to volunteer in order to keep your skills sharp and to build a resume. Volunteer opportunities may be posted online, but you can also mail a resume or pick up a phone and call.
Working for free can pay off big time. You may be considered for the next opening that becomes available.
7-8. Make your own opportunities.
Remember, even if you are having trouble finding a job, you are still a licensed attorney. You can take cases on your own, or collaborate with other attorneys. You may be able to pay your bills with a few traffic ticket clients each month. Before long, you may be ready to open your own practice.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:15",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Succeeding in College\\n1-1. Apply to college.\\nTo enroll in law school, you must possess a Bachelor's Degree from a college or university, which typically requires four years of full-time study. If you know you want to specialize in an area of a law, you can build a foundation for your future study by completing an undergraduate degree in a professional area related to that legal field, such as accounting for a tax attorney, or a science degree for a patent attorney.\\nSome specialized legal fields require a certain undergraduate degree. For example, if you want to be a patent lawyer, the United States Trademark and Patent Office requires that you have a degree in an approved technical field. \\nThe American Bar Association (ABA) does not recommend any particular undergraduate majors or courses; however, statistics show that prelaw and criminal justice majors are less likely to be accepted to law schools than students who major in fields that require intensive reading and writing.\\nPrestigious universities have a reputation for being competitive. Not attending a prestigious or expensive university is certainly not a bar to being accepted to law school, but a degree from a competitive university will impress admissions boards and future employers.\\n1-2. Consider a 3/3 program.\\nSeveral universities in the United States offer 3/3 programs, which allow students to enter law school after only three years of undergraduate study.\\n1-3. Get real-world experience.\\nYou can build your legal experience early by completing an internship at a law firm or government office during your undergraduate years. This experience will teach you how to think like a lawyer and give you a preview of what to expect after law school.\\n2. Taking the Law School Admission Test (LSAT)\\n2-1. Register for the test.\\nThe LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath. \\nRegister early. You must take the LSAT in September or October at the latest to qualify for fall admissions. If you take the June exam and are disappointed with your score, you will have enough time to take it again before applying for the fall.\\n2-2. Study for the test.\\nThe LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.\\nA top-notch study program should provide adequate time to study for the exam. For the summer examination, begin studying in January.\\nYour local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams and then move backward through older exams.\\n2-3. Take the test.\\nABA-accredited law schools only accept students who complete the LSAT. The LSAT is designed to evaluate reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Scores are indicative of the likelihood of an applicant's success in law school, and are an important factor in a law school's decision to admit an applicant.\\n2-4. Retake if your score is low.\\nApplicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score does not improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.\\n3. Gathering Application Materials\\n3-1. Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).\\nCAS is a service offered by the Law School Admission Council, which is the same organization that administers the LSAT. CAS is used by all law schools, and allows you to submit your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluations to multiple schools all at once. The service requires a fee. \\nRegister early and make sure to send your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner. You can find more information on registration here.\\n3-2. Solicit letters of recommendation.\\nAsk your professors if they will write a letter of recommendation for you. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as church or volunteer organizations.\\n3-3. Draft a personal statement.\\nLaw schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.\\nFollow the directions in each school's application materials. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. If you are given a word limit, stick to the limit.\\n3-4. Consider writing an addendum.\\nAn addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.” \\nFor example, an addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.\\nA sample addendum might read: \\\"I am writing to explain why my grades dropped the fall of my junior year. Late that summer, I fell sick with mononucleosis. Although I could have taken the fall semester off, I wanted to graduate in four years for financial reasons. Accordingly, my grades suffered as I fought my illness, but they improved once I physically recovered.\\\"\\n3-5. Consider costs.\\nLaw school tuition can run upwards of $50,000 a year. Recent graduates often carry debt loads totaling over $150,000. Research the average annual salary for new attorneys in your geographic area, as well as the average starting salary for graduates of law schools you are considering.\\nMany public law schools are less expensive than private schools, but some private schools may have more financial aid available. Carefully calculate the total cost, including average annual living expenses.\\nIf you are interested in attending a public law school in a different state, contact the Admissions office to ask about establishing residency. Residents of a state may qualify for lower tuition than non-residents.\\nUnderstand that you will most likely not be able to work a regular job while attending law school full-time. Some programs require students to seek permission from the administration to work during the school year, especially during the first year.\\n4. Applying to Law Schools\\n4-1. Understand the difference between ABA-accredited and non-accredited law schools.\\nEvery law school in Florida is ABA-accredited, but some law schools in other jurisdictions are not. Florida does not permit graduates of non-ABA-accredited law schools to sit for the bar exam, unless additional requirements are met. \\nGraduates of non-ABA-accredited schools must apply to the Florida Board of Bar Examiners for permission to sit for the bar exam, and must have practiced law for at least ten years in another jurisdiction, be in good standing with that jurisdiction's state bar, and submit a compilation of work product demonstrating the ability to competently practice law.\\nAs of 2015, Florida has 12 law schools, with University of Florida Levin College of Law being the top-ranked school in the state according to U.S. News and World Report and StartClass.com. You can also attend an out-of-state law school and still take the Florida bar exam.\\n4-2. Examine bar passage rates and employment statistics.\\nSince the purpose of going to law school is ultimately to work as a lawyer, look at how well schools have prepared their graduates for passing the bar and finding employment. \\nPay careful attention to employment numbers. The most relevant statistic is the number of graduates who are working full-time in legal occupations.\\nAvoid schools with low bar passage rates. Your law degree loses most of its value if you can't pass the bar exam. Having to take the bar exam twice will also lengthen the time it takes to become a lawyer.\\n4-3. Apply to multiple law schools.\\nApplying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don't get into a school, then you will have to wait another year before sending more applications.\\nDivide your applications into three pools: safeties, targets, and reaches. A safety is a school where your GPA and LSAT are above the median. A target school will have medians equivalent to your scores, with reaches being those schools where you are well below the reported medians.\\nSend a few applications to reach schools, but focus most of your attention on targets and safeties.\\n4-4. Consider applying to a school in a community where you are willing to live.\\nSince most law schools do not have a national reputation, they feed their graduates into the local legal economy. You should apply to a law school located in an area where you would be happy to set down roots.\\n5. Attending Law School\\n5-1. Plan your timeline carefully.\\nA J.D. degree generally takes three years (more if you attend part-time) to complete. Your first year will be foundational coursework in bar-tested subjects. You will be able to add electives in your second and third years. Plan in advance what courses you want to take to make sure that you meet all graduation requirements.\\nAfter earning your J.D., you may consider applying to an LL.M. (Master of Laws) degree program. This is an advanced law degree in a specialized area, and usually requires an additional year of study.\\n5-2. Join a study group.\\nLaw school is often stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.\\n5-3. Take exams seriously.\\nMost schools grade on a strict curve, requiring you outperform your peers, rather than merely keep up with them, to get a top grade. Study hard and focus on putting forth your best effort.\\n5-4. Build a network.\\nMost jobs are found by word-of-mouth and personal recommendation. Use your law school years to meet as many local attorneys as possible.\\nMany law schools employ practicing attorneys as adjunct professors. Adjuncts are a great resource for learning more about the local legal market.\\n5-5. Seek internships and other practical experiences.\\nThere are many opportunities to gain practical experience during law school. Each can improve your resume with new skills and expand your professional network, and some may lead to job offers upon graduation. Some opportunities include:\\nInternships and externships. Work for a government office or a private firm in exchange for money (internship) or course credit (externship).\\nClinics. School-sponsored clinics provide free or low-cost legal aid to the community. Work is performed by law students, under the supervision of law professors. Clinics may be repeatable for course credit.\\nJudicial clerkships. Work for a judge doing research and writing.\\nPractical courses. Some courses, such as mock trial, mediation, and motion practice, have a large practical participation component.\\nCompetitions. Represent your school in mock trial, moot court, or other competitions.\\nClubs and associations. Campus groups are usually organized around a specific community or academic area of interest. Participation in such organizations shows leadership and a strong commitment to a subject or topic.\\nLaw review. Writing for your school's law review journal requires strong writing skills, and gives you the opportunity to publish original work.\\n5-6. Pass the MPRE during law school.\\nThe Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions that tests the applicant's knowledge of the rules for professional conduct in the practice of law You will take the exam in your third year of law school.\\nYou are allowed to take the MPRE during law school, which allows you to get this requirement out of the way. Then you won't have to worry about it while studying for the bar exam, and your admission to the bar will not be put on hold while you take the MPRE.\\nSince you have already taken the LSAT, you should know how to prepare for this standardized exam. Gather practice materials, set a schedule, and approach the exam seriously. Give yourself enough time to fully prepare.\\n6. Gaining Admission to the Florida Bar\\n6-1. Pass the Florida bar exam.\\nThe exam tests whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in the state. It is administered in February and July, and lasts for two days. The first day consists of three hours of essay questions and three hours of multiple-choice, testing knowledge of general law and Florida law. The second day is the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), a six-hour, 200 multiple-choice question test of general law.\\nRegister for a commercial bar preparation course, such as Barbri, Kaplan, Themis, and others. These courses typically supply books, instruction, interactive online content, and individual grading of your writing. Commercial bar prep courses are the norm, and will be strongly recommended by your professors.\\nRealistically, you will need to study full-time from the time you graduate in early June through the beginning of the test at the end of July. If your school offers additional bar preparation services, take advantage of them in addition to a commercial prep course.\\nMany bar takers don't pass on the first try. Don't be discouraged; you can try again.\\nApplicants who have been disbarred must wait five years to apply for readmission to the Florida Bar, and must pay an additional application fee of $600. Applicants with a felony conviction must wait until their civil rights are restored before applying to the Florida Bar.\\n6-2. Satisfy moral character and fitness requirements.\\nEach state bar investigates the moral character and fitness of bar applicants, and will inquire into relevant criminal issues, untreated substance abuse or mental illness, untruthfulness, and financial irresponsibility.\\n6-3. Pass the MPRE.\\nIf you did not take and pass the MPRE during law school, study and take the test now. A passing score is required for admission to the Florida bar.\\n7. Finding Work\\n7-1. Start looking early.\\nJob opportunities can come from people you meet in law school. Use the network of classmates, professors, and attorneys you met during law school to get recommendations for places to apply.\\n7-2. Sign up for On-Campus Interviewing.\\nLaw firms will register to interview students on campus. This typically happens the summer before your third year, but firms can come any time during the year. Even if you don't think you have strong credentials, it doesn't hurt to introduce yourself to potential employers.\\nBe sure to bring copies of your resume, transcripts, and writing samples, as well as the names of references. Being prepared creates a great first impression.\\n7-3. Search online.\\nFirms of all sizes post job opportunities online with services like Monster, CareerBuilder, LinkedIn, Symplicity, and even Craigslist. Check daily and have a resume and writing sample prepared to send electronically on a moment's notice. \\nIf the job posting requires a cover letter, customize your letter as much as possible instead of sending a form cover letter.\\n7-4. Set up informational interviews.\\nAfter taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.\\nIn the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.\\nDevelop a list of questions and take notes. Be engaged.\\nAsk the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterwards.\\n7-5. Attend bar association events.\\nBar association membership and individual events may cost money, but these networking opportunities could reap big rewards. Be sure to have a business card available. You can find up-to-date information on events at FloridaBar.org.\\n7-6. Consider relocating.\\nIn 2015, ValuePenguin.com published its top 100 \\\"Best Cities for Lawyers,\\\" evaluating the average salary, availability of jobs, and cost of living in each. Miami placed at #4, followed by Orlando, North Port, West Palm Beach, Tampa, Fort Lauderdale, Tallahassee, Naples, and Jacksonville. Hot practice areas include immigration, international trade, and divorce.\\n7-7. Volunteer.\\nEven though you are a qualified attorney, you might still need to volunteer in order to keep your skills sharp and to build a resume. Volunteer opportunities may be posted online, but you can also mail a resume or pick up a phone and call.\\nWorking for free can pay off big time. You may be considered for the next opening that becomes available.\\n7-8. Make your own opportunities.\\nRemember, even if you are having trouble finding a job, you are still a licensed attorney. You can take cases on your own, or collaborate with other attorneys. You may be able to pay your bills with a few traffic ticket clients each month. Before long, you may be ready to open your own practice.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Attorneys, or lawyers, advocate on behalf of clients and provide advice in civil and criminal matters. As of 2013, newly-admitted attorneys in Florida were enjoying a ratio of law graduates to attorney jobs above the national average. To become an attorney in Florida, you must meet the state's requirements for licensure to practice law in the state.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Succeeding in College\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to college.\", \"描述\": \"To enroll in law school, you must possess a Bachelor's Degree from a college or university, which typically requires four years of full-time study. If you know you want to specialize in an area of a law, you can build a foundation for your future study by completing an undergraduate degree in a professional area related to that legal field, such as accounting for a tax attorney, or a science degree for a patent attorney.\\nSome specialized legal fields require a certain undergraduate degree. For example, if you want to be a patent lawyer, the United States Trademark and Patent Office requires that you have a degree in an approved technical field. \\nThe American Bar Association (ABA) does not recommend any particular undergraduate majors or courses; however, statistics show that prelaw and criminal justice majors are less likely to be accepted to law schools than students who major in fields that require intensive reading and writing.\\nPrestigious universities have a reputation for being competitive. Not attending a prestigious or expensive university is certainly not a bar to being accepted to law school, but a degree from a competitive university will impress admissions boards and future employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider a 3/3 program.\", \"描述\": \"Several universities in the United States offer 3/3 programs, which allow students to enter law school after only three years of undergraduate study.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get real-world experience.\", \"描述\": \"You can build your legal experience early by completing an internship at a law firm or government office during your undergraduate years. This experience will teach you how to think like a lawyer and give you a preview of what to expect after law school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking the Law School Admission Test (LSAT)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. It is offered on Saturdays, but there are special sessions for those who observe a Saturday Sabbath. \\nRegister early. You must take the LSAT in September or October at the latest to qualify for fall admissions. If you take the June exam and are disappointed with your score, you will have enough time to take it again before applying for the fall.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT may be the most important factor in your law school application, so take it seriously. It tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Test prep companies offer tutoring, but you can also study on your own.\\nA top-notch study program should provide adequate time to study for the exam. For the summer examination, begin studying in January.\\nYour local library or bookstore should have copies of old LSAT exams. Find the most recent to take as practice exams and then move backward through older exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the test.\", \"描述\": \"ABA-accredited law schools only accept students who complete the LSAT. The LSAT is designed to evaluate reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Scores are indicative of the likelihood of an applicant's success in law school, and are an important factor in a law school's decision to admit an applicant.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Retake if your score is low.\", \"描述\": \"Applicants are allowed to take the exam more than once. Schools may choose to accept your higher score, or they may choose to average the two. If you take the LSAT twice but your score does not improve, you should reconsider before taking it a third time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gathering Application Materials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register with the Credential Assembly Service (CAS).\", \"描述\": \"CAS is a service offered by the Law School Admission Council, which is the same organization that administers the LSAT. CAS is used by all law schools, and allows you to submit your transcripts, letters of recommendation, and evaluations to multiple schools all at once. The service requires a fee. \\nRegister early and make sure to send your transcripts to CAS in a timely manner. You can find more information on registration here.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Solicit letters of recommendation.\", \"描述\": \"Ask your professors if they will write a letter of recommendation for you. You can also ask for recommendations from present and past employers, as well as church or volunteer organizations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Draft a personal statement.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools require that you write a short statement, typically on a topic of your choosing. The statement is usually only 500 words.\\nFollow the directions in each school's application materials. If the school wants you to write on a specific topic, write on that topic. If you are given a word limit, stick to the limit.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider writing an addendum.\", \"描述\": \"An addendum can be a great way to explain something that looks bad in your application. A solid addendum will provide context for any information that might raise “red flags.” \\nFor example, an addendum might clarify why one LSAT score is much higher than another, or it might explain why your grades were low one semester. Remember to explain, not make excuses.\\nA sample addendum might read: \\\"I am writing to explain why my grades dropped the fall of my junior year. Late that summer, I fell sick with mononucleosis. Although I could have taken the fall semester off, I wanted to graduate in four years for financial reasons. Accordingly, my grades suffered as I fought my illness, but they improved once I physically recovered.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider costs.\", \"描述\": \"Law school tuition can run upwards of $50,000 a year. Recent graduates often carry debt loads totaling over $150,000. Research the average annual salary for new attorneys in your geographic area, as well as the average starting salary for graduates of law schools you are considering.\\nMany public law schools are less expensive than private schools, but some private schools may have more financial aid available. Carefully calculate the total cost, including average annual living expenses.\\nIf you are interested in attending a public law school in a different state, contact the Admissions office to ask about establishing residency. Residents of a state may qualify for lower tuition than non-residents.\\nUnderstand that you will most likely not be able to work a regular job while attending law school full-time. Some programs require students to seek permission from the administration to work during the school year, especially during the first year.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Applying to Law Schools\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the difference between ABA-accredited and non-accredited law schools.\", \"描述\": \"Every law school in Florida is ABA-accredited, but some law schools in other jurisdictions are not. Florida does not permit graduates of non-ABA-accredited law schools to sit for the bar exam, unless additional requirements are met. \\nGraduates of non-ABA-accredited schools must apply to the Florida Board of Bar Examiners for permission to sit for the bar exam, and must have practiced law for at least ten years in another jurisdiction, be in good standing with that jurisdiction's state bar, and submit a compilation of work product demonstrating the ability to competently practice law.\\nAs of 2015, Florida has 12 law schools, with University of Florida Levin College of Law being the top-ranked school in the state according to U.S. News and World Report and StartClass.com. You can also attend an out-of-state law school and still take the Florida bar exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Examine bar passage rates and employment statistics.\", \"描述\": \"Since the purpose of going to law school is ultimately to work as a lawyer, look at how well schools have prepared their graduates for passing the bar and finding employment. \\nPay careful attention to employment numbers. The most relevant statistic is the number of graduates who are working full-time in legal occupations.\\nAvoid schools with low bar passage rates. Your law degree loses most of its value if you can't pass the bar exam. Having to take the bar exam twice will also lengthen the time it takes to become a lawyer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply to multiple law schools.\", \"描述\": \"Applying to more than one school increases your chances of being accepted. If you don't get into a school, then you will have to wait another year before sending more applications.\\nDivide your applications into three pools: safeties, targets, and reaches. A safety is a school where your GPA and LSAT are above the median. A target school will have medians equivalent to your scores, with reaches being those schools where you are well below the reported medians.\\nSend a few applications to reach schools, but focus most of your attention on targets and safeties.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider applying to a school in a community where you are willing to live.\", \"描述\": \"Since most law schools do not have a national reputation, they feed their graduates into the local legal economy. You should apply to a law school located in an area where you would be happy to set down roots.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attending Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plan your timeline carefully.\", \"描述\": \"A J.D. degree generally takes three years (more if you attend part-time) to complete. Your first year will be foundational coursework in bar-tested subjects. You will be able to add electives in your second and third years. Plan in advance what courses you want to take to make sure that you meet all graduation requirements.\\nAfter earning your J.D., you may consider applying to an LL.M. (Master of Laws) degree program. This is an advanced law degree in a specialized area, and usually requires an additional year of study.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a study group.\", \"描述\": \"Law school is often stressful and isolating, and a study group is a great way to meet people. Study groups help with exam preparation, sharing notes and outlines, as well as just blowing off some steam.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take exams seriously.\", \"描述\": \"Most schools grade on a strict curve, requiring you outperform your peers, rather than merely keep up with them, to get a top grade. Study hard and focus on putting forth your best effort.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build a network.\", \"描述\": \"Most jobs are found by word-of-mouth and personal recommendation. Use your law school years to meet as many local attorneys as possible.\\nMany law schools employ practicing attorneys as adjunct professors. Adjuncts are a great resource for learning more about the local legal market.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek internships and other practical experiences.\", \"描述\": \"There are many opportunities to gain practical experience during law school. Each can improve your resume with new skills and expand your professional network, and some may lead to job offers upon graduation. Some opportunities include:\\nInternships and externships. Work for a government office or a private firm in exchange for money (internship) or course credit (externship).\\nClinics. School-sponsored clinics provide free or low-cost legal aid to the community. Work is performed by law students, under the supervision of law professors. Clinics may be repeatable for course credit.\\nJudicial clerkships. Work for a judge doing research and writing.\\nPractical courses. Some courses, such as mock trial, mediation, and motion practice, have a large practical participation component.\\nCompetitions. Represent your school in mock trial, moot court, or other competitions.\\nClubs and associations. Campus groups are usually organized around a specific community or academic area of interest. Participation in such organizations shows leadership and a strong commitment to a subject or topic.\\nLaw review. Writing for your school's law review journal requires strong writing skills, and gives you the opportunity to publish original work.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pass the MPRE during law school.\", \"描述\": \"The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) is required to practice in all but three jurisdictions in the United States. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions that tests the applicant's knowledge of the rules for professional conduct in the practice of law You will take the exam in your third year of law school.\\nYou are allowed to take the MPRE during law school, which allows you to get this requirement out of the way. Then you won't have to worry about it while studying for the bar exam, and your admission to the bar will not be put on hold while you take the MPRE.\\nSince you have already taken the LSAT, you should know how to prepare for this standardized exam. Gather practice materials, set a schedule, and approach the exam seriously. Give yourself enough time to fully prepare.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Gaining Admission to the Florida Bar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the Florida bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"The exam tests whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in the state. It is administered in February and July, and lasts for two days. The first day consists of three hours of essay questions and three hours of multiple-choice, testing knowledge of general law and Florida law. The second day is the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), a six-hour, 200 multiple-choice question test of general law.\\nRegister for a commercial bar preparation course, such as Barbri, Kaplan, Themis, and others. These courses typically supply books, instruction, interactive online content, and individual grading of your writing. Commercial bar prep courses are the norm, and will be strongly recommended by your professors.\\nRealistically, you will need to study full-time from the time you graduate in early June through the beginning of the test at the end of July. If your school offers additional bar preparation services, take advantage of them in addition to a commercial prep course.\\nMany bar takers don't pass on the first try. Don't be discouraged; you can try again.\\nApplicants who have been disbarred must wait five years to apply for readmission to the Florida Bar, and must pay an additional application fee of $600. Applicants with a felony conviction must wait until their civil rights are restored before applying to the Florida Bar.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Satisfy moral character and fitness requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Each state bar investigates the moral character and fitness of bar applicants, and will inquire into relevant criminal issues, untreated substance abuse or mental illness, untruthfulness, and financial irresponsibility.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the MPRE.\", \"描述\": \"If you did not take and pass the MPRE during law school, study and take the test now. A passing score is required for admission to the Florida bar.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Finding Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start looking early.\", \"描述\": \"Job opportunities can come from people you meet in law school. Use the network of classmates, professors, and attorneys you met during law school to get recommendations for places to apply.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sign up for On-Campus Interviewing.\", \"描述\": \"Law firms will register to interview students on campus. This typically happens the summer before your third year, but firms can come any time during the year. Even if you don't think you have strong credentials, it doesn't hurt to introduce yourself to potential employers.\\nBe sure to bring copies of your resume, transcripts, and writing samples, as well as the names of references. Being prepared creates a great first impression.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search online.\", \"描述\": \"Firms of all sizes post job opportunities online with services like Monster, CareerBuilder, LinkedIn, Symplicity, and even Craigslist. Check daily and have a resume and writing sample prepared to send electronically on a moment's notice. \\nIf the job posting requires a cover letter, customize your letter as much as possible instead of sending a form cover letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set up informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"After taking the bar exam, you should identify attorneys whose practices you would like to learn more about. Draft a letter (not an email) and introduce yourself. Be sure to mention who gave you their name.\\nIn the letter, explicitly state that you are not asking for a job. You will get a better response this way.\\nDevelop a list of questions and take notes. Be engaged.\\nAsk the attorney if she knows anyone else you can talk to, and be sure to send a thank you note afterwards.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attend bar association events.\", \"描述\": \"Bar association membership and individual events may cost money, but these networking opportunities could reap big rewards. Be sure to have a business card available. You can find up-to-date information on events at FloridaBar.org.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consider relocating.\", \"描述\": \"In 2015, ValuePenguin.com published its top 100 \\\"Best Cities for Lawyers,\\\" evaluating the average salary, availability of jobs, and cost of living in each. Miami placed at #4, followed by Orlando, North Port, West Palm Beach, Tampa, Fort Lauderdale, Tallahassee, Naples, and Jacksonville. Hot practice areas include immigration, international trade, and divorce.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you are a qualified attorney, you might still need to volunteer in order to keep your skills sharp and to build a resume. Volunteer opportunities may be posted online, but you can also mail a resume or pick up a phone and call.\\nWorking for free can pay off big time. You may be considered for the next opening that becomes available.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Make your own opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Remember, even if you are having trouble finding a job, you are still a licensed attorney. You can take cases on your own, or collaborate with other attorneys. You may be able to pay your bills with a few traffic ticket clients each month. Before long, you may be ready to open your own practice.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,954 |
How to Become an Attorney in Texas
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1. Preparing for Your Legal Career
1-1. Choose an undergraduate course of study.
Law school is an advanced graduate degree. In order to qualify for application, you must first complete a four-year bachelor's degree from a recognized college. The American Bar Association (ABA) doesn't recommend or require any specific course of study. A diverse liberal arts degree encompassing history, literature, philosophy, and political science will provide solid groundwork for your legal education.
The one exception to the undergraduate degree requirement is if you want to practice patent law. That requires a degree in hard science such as engineering, nursing, biology, or chemistry.
You are not required to get your undergraduate degree in Texas. Your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education. Degrees from schools in other countries may suffice, but if your degree is from outside the United States, your transcript may be reviewed by an organization such as the Law School Advisory Council for equivalence to a domestic school.
Undergraduate grade point average is a critical factor in admission to law school. Study widely in diverse subjects that you enjoy and you believe you will succeed in.
1-2. Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.
The Law School Aptitude Test, better known as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The LSAT is multiple choice, with five sections that you have 35 minutes each to complete. Your score will be drawn from four of the sections.
Reading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and hard science.
The sections on analytical reasoning challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements. The classic analytical question starts out, "If A is taller than B, and C is taller than D..."
Logical reasoning does not require the study of logic. However, the questions will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts.
There is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to.
The LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances.
There are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.
2. Completing Your Legal Education
2-1. Attend an ABA approved law school.
There are nine law schools in Texas. However, you do not have to attend law school in Texas to practice there. A Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in Texas.
Attending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits. The school has shown that it meets a high level of professional standards regarding faculty and facilities, all states will allow you to sit for the bar exam, and have generally higher bar passage rates.
Some states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Check with the licensing authority of the state you are considering before committing to attend a law school not approved by the ABA.
2-2. Complete all requirements for graduation.
Law schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitutional law, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.
2-3. Enroll in and complete a course in professional responsibility.
The ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.
3. Taking the Texas Bar Exam
3-1. Complete the registration to take the bar exam.
If you attended law school in Texas, you can complete the in-state application. All other applicants must complete the general application.
3-2. Decide if you will take the laptop computer version of the test.
Texas offers the ability to take the Multistate Performance Test (MPT) and the Texas Essay Exam on your laptop. You must register separately for this procedure, meet the hardware requirements, and pay the separate registration fee.
Laptop test-takers must bring blue or black pens to take the hand-written exam in the event of a computer failure.
Laptop test-takers must bring a power and/or extension cord at least eight feet long.
Your laptop cannot have CDs, DVDs, USB drives, dongles, or any cell phone or wifi device. You cannot bring your laptop in a case, cover, or computer bag.
3-3. Sit for the bar exam.
The Texas bar exam is a three-day test offered twice each year, usually in February and July. Locations are determined by the state board of bar examiners. It consists of the MPT (paper with black ink or laptop), the Procedure & Evidence section (P&E) (paper with black ink or laptop), the Multi-State Bar Exam (MBE), a multiple-choice test taken by pencil, and the essay portion (paper with black ink or laptop.)
You will need photo identification and your admission ticket. Do not bring a watch, timer, cell phones, smart watches, or any other electronic devices, except your approved laptop. Failure to comply may result in being ejected from the exam site.
3-4. Achieve a passing score on the bar exam.
There are 1000 possible points divided between the MPT (10%), the P&E (10%), the MBE (40%), and the essay exam (40%.) To pass, you must receive a minimum of 675 points. Results are usually available approximately 10 weeks after the exam date. Results are posted the the Board of Law Examiners' website, by first class mail, and physically posted at in-state law schools.
4. Applying to be Licensed to Practice Law
4-1. Meet the Texas age and citizenship requirements.
If you want to be licensed to practice law in Texas, you must be at least 18 years old. You must also be able to prove that you are a U.S. citizen or resident alien.
If you were born outside the United States and have not been granted citizenship, you can be considered a resident alien and eligible to sit for the bar if you have been granted a green card from the immigration authorities, denoting your permanent resident status.
4-2. Demonstrate good moral character and fitness.
This requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores.
If you have a criminal record or history of mental illness or drug abuse, the application will allow you to submit an explanation. Be honest and concentrate on the efforts you have made to improve yourself in the years following the proceeding.
4-3. Submit a set of fingerprints for examination by the FBI.
Texas residents may submit their fingerprints via a traditional paper "ten-card" or electronically through the Dept. of Public Safety. Contact your local police or sheriff's office to arrange electronic submission of your fingerprints. If you live outside of the state, you will be sent a paper card that you must complete, usually at your local sheriff's department, and submit within 30 days.
4-4. Pay the required application and licensing fees.
Your fees will be addressed to the clerk of the Supreme Court of Texas and the State Bar of Texas. Your primary county of practice may also require that you enroll in the local bar association. Expect total fees to be between $300 and $500.
4-5. Achieve a passing score on the Professional Ethics examination.
The Multi-State Professional Responsibility (MPRE) exam is required for admission to the Texas bar. The MPRE is a two-hour, 60-question multiple choice exam offered three times each year. You will be tested on your knowledge of legal ethics and professional conduct. Texas requires that you pass with a score of 85 points.
4-6. Take the oath and be inducted into the Texas bar.
After you successfully pass the bar exam, you must be sworn in with the new lawyer oath. While most government officials can administer the oath, there is typically an induction ceremony.
5. Licensing Through Alternative Applications
Apply to practice in Texas through alternate channels.
In limited circumstances, attorneys who are licensed in other states may be licensed to practice in Texas without taking the bar exam.
Apply for reciprocity. Attorneys who are otherwise licensed may be eligible to apply for admittance through reciprocity or admission through motion. Attorneys in any state that have been actively engaged in the practice of law for five out the previous seven years can apply via the General Application. This procedure waives the Texas bar exam, and upon approval and payment of fees, grants you the right to practice law in the state.
Be admitted Pro Hac Vice. If you are otherwise licensed and only need to practice in Texas for a specific case, you can apply to be admitted Pro Hac Vice. Requirements include that your license be in good standing with no open disciplinary proceedings and that you be associated with a licensed Texas attorney who is willing to act as a professional and character reference. After payment of the fee and approval by the Texas bar, you can practice in Texas courts as required to complete the proceeding.
Be admitted to practice in Texas federal court. There are four federal district courts in Texas and four bankruptcy courts in Texas. If you are otherwise licensed, you can apply to the specific federal district by verified application, which swears you are not under criminal or disciplinary proceedings, and payment of the appropriate fee. You must apply to each district separately.
Tips
The State Bar of Texas requires licensed attorneys complete continuing education courses to maintain state licensure. Lawyers must complete a minimum of 15 hours of continuing legal education each year while licensed in the state of Texas.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Your Legal Career\\n1-1. Choose an undergraduate course of study.\\nLaw school is an advanced graduate degree. In order to qualify for application, you must first complete a four-year bachelor's degree from a recognized college. The American Bar Association (ABA) doesn't recommend or require any specific course of study. A diverse liberal arts degree encompassing history, literature, philosophy, and political science will provide solid groundwork for your legal education. \\nThe one exception to the undergraduate degree requirement is if you want to practice patent law. That requires a degree in hard science such as engineering, nursing, biology, or chemistry. \\nYou are not required to get your undergraduate degree in Texas. Your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education. Degrees from schools in other countries may suffice, but if your degree is from outside the United States, your transcript may be reviewed by an organization such as the Law School Advisory Council for equivalence to a domestic school.\\nUndergraduate grade point average is a critical factor in admission to law school. Study widely in diverse subjects that you enjoy and you believe you will succeed in.\\n1-2. Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.\\nThe Law School Aptitude Test, better known as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The LSAT is multiple choice, with five sections that you have 35 minutes each to complete. Your score will be drawn from four of the sections. \\nReading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and hard science. \\nThe sections on analytical reasoning challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements. The classic analytical question starts out, \\\"If A is taller than B, and C is taller than D...\\\"\\nLogical reasoning does not require the study of logic. However, the questions will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts. \\nThere is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to. \\nThe LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances. \\nThere are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.\\n2. Completing Your Legal Education\\n2-1. Attend an ABA approved law school.\\nThere are nine law schools in Texas. However, you do not have to attend law school in Texas to practice there. A Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in Texas.\\nAttending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits. The school has shown that it meets a high level of professional standards regarding faculty and facilities, all states will allow you to sit for the bar exam, and have generally higher bar passage rates. \\nSome states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Check with the licensing authority of the state you are considering before committing to attend a law school not approved by the ABA.\\n2-2. Complete all requirements for graduation.\\nLaw schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitutional law, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.\\n2-3. Enroll in and complete a course in professional responsibility.\\nThe ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.\\n3. Taking the Texas Bar Exam\\n3-1. Complete the registration to take the bar exam.\\nIf you attended law school in Texas, you can complete the in-state application. All other applicants must complete the general application.\\n3-2. Decide if you will take the laptop computer version of the test.\\nTexas offers the ability to take the Multistate Performance Test (MPT) and the Texas Essay Exam on your laptop. You must register separately for this procedure, meet the hardware requirements, and pay the separate registration fee. \\nLaptop test-takers must bring blue or black pens to take the hand-written exam in the event of a computer failure.\\nLaptop test-takers must bring a power and/or extension cord at least eight feet long.\\nYour laptop cannot have CDs, DVDs, USB drives, dongles, or any cell phone or wifi device. You cannot bring your laptop in a case, cover, or computer bag.\\n3-3. Sit for the bar exam.\\nThe Texas bar exam is a three-day test offered twice each year, usually in February and July. Locations are determined by the state board of bar examiners. It consists of the MPT (paper with black ink or laptop), the Procedure & Evidence section (P&E) (paper with black ink or laptop), the Multi-State Bar Exam (MBE), a multiple-choice test taken by pencil, and the essay portion (paper with black ink or laptop.) \\nYou will need photo identification and your admission ticket. Do not bring a watch, timer, cell phones, smart watches, or any other electronic devices, except your approved laptop. Failure to comply may result in being ejected from the exam site.\\n3-4. Achieve a passing score on the bar exam.\\nThere are 1000 possible points divided between the MPT (10%), the P&E (10%), the MBE (40%), and the essay exam (40%.) To pass, you must receive a minimum of 675 points. Results are usually available approximately 10 weeks after the exam date. Results are posted the the Board of Law Examiners' website, by first class mail, and physically posted at in-state law schools.\\n4. Applying to be Licensed to Practice Law\\n4-1. Meet the Texas age and citizenship requirements.\\nIf you want to be licensed to practice law in Texas, you must be at least 18 years old. You must also be able to prove that you are a U.S. citizen or resident alien.\\nIf you were born outside the United States and have not been granted citizenship, you can be considered a resident alien and eligible to sit for the bar if you have been granted a green card from the immigration authorities, denoting your permanent resident status.\\n4-2. Demonstrate good moral character and fitness.\\nThis requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores.\\nIf you have a criminal record or history of mental illness or drug abuse, the application will allow you to submit an explanation. Be honest and concentrate on the efforts you have made to improve yourself in the years following the proceeding.\\n4-3. Submit a set of fingerprints for examination by the FBI.\\nTexas residents may submit their fingerprints via a traditional paper \\\"ten-card\\\" or electronically through the Dept. of Public Safety. Contact your local police or sheriff's office to arrange electronic submission of your fingerprints. If you live outside of the state, you will be sent a paper card that you must complete, usually at your local sheriff's department, and submit within 30 days.\\n4-4. Pay the required application and licensing fees.\\nYour fees will be addressed to the clerk of the Supreme Court of Texas and the State Bar of Texas. Your primary county of practice may also require that you enroll in the local bar association. Expect total fees to be between $300 and $500.\\n4-5. Achieve a passing score on the Professional Ethics examination.\\nThe Multi-State Professional Responsibility (MPRE) exam is required for admission to the Texas bar. The MPRE is a two-hour, 60-question multiple choice exam offered three times each year. You will be tested on your knowledge of legal ethics and professional conduct. Texas requires that you pass with a score of 85 points.\\n4-6. Take the oath and be inducted into the Texas bar.\\nAfter you successfully pass the bar exam, you must be sworn in with the new lawyer oath. While most government officials can administer the oath, there is typically an induction ceremony.\\n5. Licensing Through Alternative Applications\\nApply to practice in Texas through alternate channels.\\nIn limited circumstances, attorneys who are licensed in other states may be licensed to practice in Texas without taking the bar exam. \\nApply for reciprocity. Attorneys who are otherwise licensed may be eligible to apply for admittance through reciprocity or admission through motion. Attorneys in any state that have been actively engaged in the practice of law for five out the previous seven years can apply via the General Application. This procedure waives the Texas bar exam, and upon approval and payment of fees, grants you the right to practice law in the state.\\nBe admitted Pro Hac Vice. If you are otherwise licensed and only need to practice in Texas for a specific case, you can apply to be admitted Pro Hac Vice. Requirements include that your license be in good standing with no open disciplinary proceedings and that you be associated with a licensed Texas attorney who is willing to act as a professional and character reference. After payment of the fee and approval by the Texas bar, you can practice in Texas courts as required to complete the proceeding.\\nBe admitted to practice in Texas federal court. There are four federal district courts in Texas and four bankruptcy courts in Texas. If you are otherwise licensed, you can apply to the specific federal district by verified application, which swears you are not under criminal or disciplinary proceedings, and payment of the appropriate fee. You must apply to each district separately.\\nTips\\nThe State Bar of Texas requires licensed attorneys complete continuing education courses to maintain state licensure. Lawyers must complete a minimum of 15 hours of continuing legal education each year while licensed in the state of Texas.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In Texas, the practice of law is defined as preparation of legal documents, giving legal advice, and appearing in court on behalf of a client. In order to practice law in Texas, you must be a licensed attorney admitted to the state bar. The licensing procedure is multi-stage and can begin on the first day of college.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Your Legal Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose an undergraduate course of study.\", \"描述\": \"Law school is an advanced graduate degree. In order to qualify for application, you must first complete a four-year bachelor's degree from a recognized college. The American Bar Association (ABA) doesn't recommend or require any specific course of study. A diverse liberal arts degree encompassing history, literature, philosophy, and political science will provide solid groundwork for your legal education. \\nThe one exception to the undergraduate degree requirement is if you want to practice patent law. That requires a degree in hard science such as engineering, nursing, biology, or chemistry. \\nYou are not required to get your undergraduate degree in Texas. Your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education. Degrees from schools in other countries may suffice, but if your degree is from outside the United States, your transcript may be reviewed by an organization such as the Law School Advisory Council for equivalence to a domestic school.\\nUndergraduate grade point average is a critical factor in admission to law school. Study widely in diverse subjects that you enjoy and you believe you will succeed in.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Law School Aptitude Test, better known as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The LSAT is multiple choice, with five sections that you have 35 minutes each to complete. Your score will be drawn from four of the sections. \\nReading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and hard science. \\nThe sections on analytical reasoning challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements. The classic analytical question starts out, \\\"If A is taller than B, and C is taller than D...\\\"\\nLogical reasoning does not require the study of logic. However, the questions will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts. \\nThere is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to. \\nThe LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances. \\nThere are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Legal Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend an ABA approved law school.\", \"描述\": \"There are nine law schools in Texas. However, you do not have to attend law school in Texas to practice there. A Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in Texas.\\nAttending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits. The school has shown that it meets a high level of professional standards regarding faculty and facilities, all states will allow you to sit for the bar exam, and have generally higher bar passage rates. \\nSome states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Check with the licensing authority of the state you are considering before committing to attend a law school not approved by the ABA.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete all requirements for graduation.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitutional law, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in and complete a course in professional responsibility.\", \"描述\": \"The ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking the Texas Bar Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the registration to take the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"If you attended law school in Texas, you can complete the in-state application. All other applicants must complete the general application.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you will take the laptop computer version of the test.\", \"描述\": \"Texas offers the ability to take the Multistate Performance Test (MPT) and the Texas Essay Exam on your laptop. You must register separately for this procedure, meet the hardware requirements, and pay the separate registration fee. \\nLaptop test-takers must bring blue or black pens to take the hand-written exam in the event of a computer failure.\\nLaptop test-takers must bring a power and/or extension cord at least eight feet long.\\nYour laptop cannot have CDs, DVDs, USB drives, dongles, or any cell phone or wifi device. You cannot bring your laptop in a case, cover, or computer bag.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sit for the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Texas bar exam is a three-day test offered twice each year, usually in February and July. Locations are determined by the state board of bar examiners. It consists of the MPT (paper with black ink or laptop), the Procedure & Evidence section (P&E) (paper with black ink or laptop), the Multi-State Bar Exam (MBE), a multiple-choice test taken by pencil, and the essay portion (paper with black ink or laptop.) \\nYou will need photo identification and your admission ticket. Do not bring a watch, timer, cell phones, smart watches, or any other electronic devices, except your approved laptop. Failure to comply may result in being ejected from the exam site.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Achieve a passing score on the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"There are 1000 possible points divided between the MPT (10%), the P&E (10%), the MBE (40%), and the essay exam (40%.) To pass, you must receive a minimum of 675 points. Results are usually available approximately 10 weeks after the exam date. Results are posted the the Board of Law Examiners' website, by first class mail, and physically posted at in-state law schools.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Applying to be Licensed to Practice Law\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the Texas age and citizenship requirements.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be licensed to practice law in Texas, you must be at least 18 years old. You must also be able to prove that you are a U.S. citizen or resident alien.\\nIf you were born outside the United States and have not been granted citizenship, you can be considered a resident alien and eligible to sit for the bar if you have been granted a green card from the immigration authorities, denoting your permanent resident status.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate good moral character and fitness.\", \"描述\": \"This requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores.\\nIf you have a criminal record or history of mental illness or drug abuse, the application will allow you to submit an explanation. Be honest and concentrate on the efforts you have made to improve yourself in the years following the proceeding.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Submit a set of fingerprints for examination by the FBI.\", \"描述\": \"Texas residents may submit their fingerprints via a traditional paper \\\"ten-card\\\" or electronically through the Dept. of Public Safety. Contact your local police or sheriff's office to arrange electronic submission of your fingerprints. If you live outside of the state, you will be sent a paper card that you must complete, usually at your local sheriff's department, and submit within 30 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay the required application and licensing fees.\", \"描述\": \"Your fees will be addressed to the clerk of the Supreme Court of Texas and the State Bar of Texas. Your primary county of practice may also require that you enroll in the local bar association. Expect total fees to be between $300 and $500.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Achieve a passing score on the Professional Ethics examination.\", \"描述\": \"The Multi-State Professional Responsibility (MPRE) exam is required for admission to the Texas bar. The MPRE is a two-hour, 60-question multiple choice exam offered three times each year. You will be tested on your knowledge of legal ethics and professional conduct. Texas requires that you pass with a score of 85 points.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take the oath and be inducted into the Texas bar.\", \"描述\": \"After you successfully pass the bar exam, you must be sworn in with the new lawyer oath. While most government officials can administer the oath, there is typically an induction ceremony.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Licensing Through Alternative Applications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to practice in Texas through alternate channels.\", \"描述\": \"In limited circumstances, attorneys who are licensed in other states may be licensed to practice in Texas without taking the bar exam. \\nApply for reciprocity. Attorneys who are otherwise licensed may be eligible to apply for admittance through reciprocity or admission through motion. Attorneys in any state that have been actively engaged in the practice of law for five out the previous seven years can apply via the General Application. This procedure waives the Texas bar exam, and upon approval and payment of fees, grants you the right to practice law in the state.\\nBe admitted Pro Hac Vice. If you are otherwise licensed and only need to practice in Texas for a specific case, you can apply to be admitted Pro Hac Vice. Requirements include that your license be in good standing with no open disciplinary proceedings and that you be associated with a licensed Texas attorney who is willing to act as a professional and character reference. After payment of the fee and approval by the Texas bar, you can practice in Texas courts as required to complete the proceeding.\\nBe admitted to practice in Texas federal court. There are four federal district courts in Texas and four bankruptcy courts in Texas. If you are otherwise licensed, you can apply to the specific federal district by verified application, which swears you are not under criminal or disciplinary proceedings, and payment of the appropriate fee. You must apply to each district separately.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The State Bar of Texas requires licensed attorneys complete continuing education courses to maintain state licensure. Lawyers must complete a minimum of 15 hours of continuing legal education each year while licensed in the state of Texas.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,955 |
How to Become an Auctioneer
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1. Breaking into the Biz
1-1. Obtain your high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (G.
In order to qualify for a license (or to be taken seriously), you'll need to have your diploma or G.E.D. Take speech, marketing, history, business and agriculture classes while in school. These courses will help prepare you for the various roles required as an auctioneer.
Though college isn't necessary, it can be useful. A recent poll taken by the NAA (National Auctioneers Association), 35% have degrees while another 36% have some sort of college experience.
1-2. Attend auctions.
This is the natural first step to becoming an auctioneer. Start attending auctions! Watch the roles the auctioneer fills during a typical auction day. Observe his actions, decisions and skill. There's a lot more to it than just chanting quickly!
1-3. Work part-time for an auction company.
If you're in high school or just looking to get some experience, start working for an auction company doing whatever odd jobs you can. Even if you're just organizing pieces to sell or sweeping the floor, it gets your foot in the door.
Serve as a ring-side helper that hands items to an auctioneer and aids in crowd control.
Work as a bid watcher. The auctioneer needs help to identify everyone making bids, especially during busy and well-attended auctions. A bid watcher identifies bidders whom the auctioneer doesn't see.
Help set up auctions prior to bidding. Auctioneers rely on help to unpack, set out and arrange auction items for viewing and bidding. Learn more about the business by working on a set-up crew.
1-4. Research state and local laws regarding licensing requirements.
Now that you've got your feet wet, do you like what you see? You may choose whether you want to go on to get your license and become an auctioneer. Currently, 37 states in the US require licensure. Proceed with licensing guidelines as your state requires.
Some states require you go to an NAA affiliated school, some states want one or two years of experience before you're allowed to take the final exam, some want a formal apprenticeship, and some states will allow some combination of the aforementioned types of experience. If you can get hands-on experience, you may not have to take a course.
1-5. Start working charity gigs.
That's right -- you don't need a license to be an auctioneer for charity gigs. It's basically volunteer work (you're not making any money), so it's open to whoever is kind enough to donate their time. It's a great way to start developing a résumé and to get your name out there. In time, it'll be all about your reputation. It's for a good cause too; did we mention that?
2. Getting Licensed
2-1. Attend auctioneer school.
Though this isn't always necessary, it's definitely valuable experience. Unless you've grown up with a gavel in your hand instead of a pacifier (aka gotten into the family business), this may be the route for you.The NAA has a list of schools on their website.
Currently the NAA has schools in the US, Canada, South Africa, and an affiliate in Australia. Depending on your location, you may be able to get away with a course that's only a few weeks long or you may need to take one that's closer to a standard college semester. Either way, it's not that long.
Choose between an on-site school or a virtual program. Auctioneer schools are located across the globe, and many programs are offered online. You'll be taking classes in bid calling, marketing and basic business management.
2-2. Get an apprenticeship.
Some states, like Ohio and Tennessee, require 1 or 2 years (respectively) of experience before you're even allowed to sit for the exam. But regardless of the rules in your jurisdiction, it's a good idea to start getting experience as soon as possible.
There is such a thing as an apprentice auctioneer license. This is generally a stepping stone (often required) in states that do require the experience before the exam. Exam fees currently sit at around a couple hundred dollars in most areas.
2-3. Take the exam.
In most areas, it's offered quarterly. Your state should have information on how to study for the test, like Texas' Green Book. But since you're already in the auctioneer network, you'll have plenty of other resources to hit up, too.
Certain states have reciprocity laws. That means that your license is good in the states that recognize your state's license, but not good in others. If you want a license in a state that doesn't work like this, you'll need to fulfill their requirements and take their exam.
2-4. Apply for your license.
Once you've taken the exam and passed (if you fail, generally you can take it twice in the next year period), you can apply for your license! This generally just proves that you've done the work and you're a legitimate auctioneer. Congratulations! And, yes, this will cost another couple hundred bucks.
2-5. Join a professional organization.
Nearly every U.S. state has a professional organization for auctioneers. National organizations exist, too, and offer continuing education and other resources to members. The NAA is a great place to start. There are competitions and conferences you can attend, too.
Many organizations, including at state level, provide testing opportunities for auctioneers to prove their expertise. Becoming certified or accredited improves your credibility and professionalism as an auctioneer.
2-6. Maintain another career.
It's difficult to become an overnight success as an auctioneer. Keep a regular job or stay with your current career until you have managed enough success to replace a regular salary. Most auctioneers start off part-time.
3. Getting the Gigs
3-1. Work for an auction company or auction house.
Most auction companies are independent ventures -- people like you have started out as auctioneers and then opened up their own business. However, there are some "houses" that are chains and are quite huge. Just like any employer, some are better than others, but you'll never know until you try.
Try to find an auction company that specializes in your area (agriculture, antiques, etc.) and is willing to work with you and your schedule. Do they provide mentorship? What do they charge overhead? Will you be an employee or a contractor? These are things to consider when looking for employment.
3-2. Become an expert in various topics.
Auctioneers are often sought due to their expertise in certain areas. You'll need to be able to look at an item and roughly tell what condition it's in and what factors matter about it. If you overlook a scratch, you could be starting way too high. Here are the most common subtopics of auctioneering:
Learn about livestock and agriculture. Many auctions sell livestock and agricultural equipment.
Acquire knowledge about antiques. Auctions regularly include antique items, and it helps to know information about eras of history and historical items.
Auction off vehicles as an expert. Learn about makes, models, years, engines and unique trivia about vehicles.
Some states, like Tennessee again, have a specific license for public automobile auctioneers.
3-3. Market your auctions.
You will be held highly responsible for the turnout at your auctions. In order to get bidders in the first place, you'll need to market your auctions with the right media at the right places and times and to the right people. If the auction happens and the products don't walk, your client will not be happy.
It's important to know your audience here. If you have an estate auction that is mostly Elvis memorabilia and thousands of vinyl records, that's totally different than an estate sale that's all 19th century modern art and fine china. The expanse of your network will be very, very important here.
3-4. Go on the road.
If you live in an area with a small population, you're obviously going to get more bites elsewhere. Consider networking throughout your entire region or even moving to an area that caters to your specialty (heavy into agriculture or just plain affluent, for starters). The more people you can reach, the more opportunities you'll have to build yourself.
4. Rising to the Top
4-1. Practice bid calling.
Use a mirror, record yourself, make bid calls aloud and use your skills in public. If you went to school for auctioneering, they'll get you started on this. Bid calling is an art, as are describing auction items and dealing with customers. Improve your skills by practicing them regularly.
Bid calling is obviously the most visible part of the auctioneer's job, but it's only a very small portion of it. While it does matter, you also have to be charismatic, a great marketer, and have good administration skills to boot.
4-2. Become an entertainer.
A good auctioneer is more than just someone who knows their product and can speak ridiculously fast and still maintain clarity. They're entertaining the entire room! An auctioneer that charms their audience can drive prices up 20%. Don't get the crowd buzzing and the auction is a bust.
If it wasn't clear, you'll be working on commission most of the time. So the more money you get your crowd to pay, the better off you'll be. So you gotta work it!
To a certain extent, you'll be coaxing your audience to pay more. People will automatically start to get hesitant as the prices rise -- it's your job to be persuasive and convince them (without them really knowing it) that they're making a good decision by upping the ante.
4-3. Get the etiquette down.
A good auctioneer is often quite classy. You may be working with items that cost a pretty penny and your demeanor should match. Bidders are not "the woman with the orange hat over there" and you don't point at people for bids. You are working with ladies and gentlemen and your hand should always be an open palm.
If you're on TV, there will be different protocol for that too -- you'll need to occasionally address your listeners that are just tuning in. Ramp up your charm, be ever-so-tactful, and wear a bright colored tie or top.
4-4. Know it's more work than what it looks like.
In addition to all the prep work you'll have to do (working with clients, working with dealers, etc.) and manning the stand at the auction itself, you'll be sorting out every little detail that occurs that day. And there will be loads!
For starters, you'll be working for absentee bidders, handling reserve prices (sometimes the owner doesn't want to go too low -- and even then they might get upset), and working the crowd in between showcases. People will come to you with all their questions, so you have to be prepared with all the answers!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Breaking into the Biz\\n1-1. Obtain your high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (G.\\nIn order to qualify for a license (or to be taken seriously), you'll need to have your diploma or G.E.D. Take speech, marketing, history, business and agriculture classes while in school. These courses will help prepare you for the various roles required as an auctioneer.\\nThough college isn't necessary, it can be useful. A recent poll taken by the NAA (National Auctioneers Association), 35% have degrees while another 36% have some sort of college experience.\\n1-2. Attend auctions.\\nThis is the natural first step to becoming an auctioneer. Start attending auctions! Watch the roles the auctioneer fills during a typical auction day. Observe his actions, decisions and skill. There's a lot more to it than just chanting quickly!\\n1-3. Work part-time for an auction company.\\nIf you're in high school or just looking to get some experience, start working for an auction company doing whatever odd jobs you can. Even if you're just organizing pieces to sell or sweeping the floor, it gets your foot in the door.\\nServe as a ring-side helper that hands items to an auctioneer and aids in crowd control.\\nWork as a bid watcher. The auctioneer needs help to identify everyone making bids, especially during busy and well-attended auctions. A bid watcher identifies bidders whom the auctioneer doesn't see.\\nHelp set up auctions prior to bidding. Auctioneers rely on help to unpack, set out and arrange auction items for viewing and bidding. Learn more about the business by working on a set-up crew.\\n1-4. Research state and local laws regarding licensing requirements.\\nNow that you've got your feet wet, do you like what you see? You may choose whether you want to go on to get your license and become an auctioneer. Currently, 37 states in the US require licensure. Proceed with licensing guidelines as your state requires.\\nSome states require you go to an NAA affiliated school, some states want one or two years of experience before you're allowed to take the final exam, some want a formal apprenticeship, and some states will allow some combination of the aforementioned types of experience. If you can get hands-on experience, you may not have to take a course.\\n1-5. Start working charity gigs.\\nThat's right -- you don't need a license to be an auctioneer for charity gigs. It's basically volunteer work (you're not making any money), so it's open to whoever is kind enough to donate their time. It's a great way to start developing a résumé and to get your name out there. In time, it'll be all about your reputation. It's for a good cause too; did we mention that?\\n2. Getting Licensed\\n2-1. Attend auctioneer school.\\nThough this isn't always necessary, it's definitely valuable experience. Unless you've grown up with a gavel in your hand instead of a pacifier (aka gotten into the family business), this may be the route for you.The NAA has a list of schools on their website.\\nCurrently the NAA has schools in the US, Canada, South Africa, and an affiliate in Australia. Depending on your location, you may be able to get away with a course that's only a few weeks long or you may need to take one that's closer to a standard college semester. Either way, it's not that long.\\nChoose between an on-site school or a virtual program. Auctioneer schools are located across the globe, and many programs are offered online. You'll be taking classes in bid calling, marketing and basic business management.\\n2-2. Get an apprenticeship.\\nSome states, like Ohio and Tennessee, require 1 or 2 years (respectively) of experience before you're even allowed to sit for the exam. But regardless of the rules in your jurisdiction, it's a good idea to start getting experience as soon as possible.\\nThere is such a thing as an apprentice auctioneer license. This is generally a stepping stone (often required) in states that do require the experience before the exam. Exam fees currently sit at around a couple hundred dollars in most areas.\\n2-3. Take the exam.\\nIn most areas, it's offered quarterly. Your state should have information on how to study for the test, like Texas' Green Book. But since you're already in the auctioneer network, you'll have plenty of other resources to hit up, too.\\nCertain states have reciprocity laws. That means that your license is good in the states that recognize your state's license, but not good in others. If you want a license in a state that doesn't work like this, you'll need to fulfill their requirements and take their exam.\\n2-4. Apply for your license.\\nOnce you've taken the exam and passed (if you fail, generally you can take it twice in the next year period), you can apply for your license! This generally just proves that you've done the work and you're a legitimate auctioneer. Congratulations! And, yes, this will cost another couple hundred bucks.\\n2-5. Join a professional organization.\\nNearly every U.S. state has a professional organization for auctioneers. National organizations exist, too, and offer continuing education and other resources to members. The NAA is a great place to start. There are competitions and conferences you can attend, too.\\nMany organizations, including at state level, provide testing opportunities for auctioneers to prove their expertise. Becoming certified or accredited improves your credibility and professionalism as an auctioneer.\\n2-6. Maintain another career.\\nIt's difficult to become an overnight success as an auctioneer. Keep a regular job or stay with your current career until you have managed enough success to replace a regular salary. Most auctioneers start off part-time.\\n3. Getting the Gigs\\n3-1. Work for an auction company or auction house.\\nMost auction companies are independent ventures -- people like you have started out as auctioneers and then opened up their own business. However, there are some \\\"houses\\\" that are chains and are quite huge. Just like any employer, some are better than others, but you'll never know until you try.\\nTry to find an auction company that specializes in your area (agriculture, antiques, etc.) and is willing to work with you and your schedule. Do they provide mentorship? What do they charge overhead? Will you be an employee or a contractor? These are things to consider when looking for employment.\\n3-2. Become an expert in various topics.\\nAuctioneers are often sought due to their expertise in certain areas. You'll need to be able to look at an item and roughly tell what condition it's in and what factors matter about it. If you overlook a scratch, you could be starting way too high. Here are the most common subtopics of auctioneering:\\nLearn about livestock and agriculture. Many auctions sell livestock and agricultural equipment.\\nAcquire knowledge about antiques. Auctions regularly include antique items, and it helps to know information about eras of history and historical items.\\nAuction off vehicles as an expert. Learn about makes, models, years, engines and unique trivia about vehicles.\\nSome states, like Tennessee again, have a specific license for public automobile auctioneers.\\n3-3. Market your auctions.\\nYou will be held highly responsible for the turnout at your auctions. In order to get bidders in the first place, you'll need to market your auctions with the right media at the right places and times and to the right people. If the auction happens and the products don't walk, your client will not be happy.\\nIt's important to know your audience here. If you have an estate auction that is mostly Elvis memorabilia and thousands of vinyl records, that's totally different than an estate sale that's all 19th century modern art and fine china. The expanse of your network will be very, very important here.\\n3-4. Go on the road.\\nIf you live in an area with a small population, you're obviously going to get more bites elsewhere. Consider networking throughout your entire region or even moving to an area that caters to your specialty (heavy into agriculture or just plain affluent, for starters). The more people you can reach, the more opportunities you'll have to build yourself.\\n4. Rising to the Top\\n4-1. Practice bid calling.\\nUse a mirror, record yourself, make bid calls aloud and use your skills in public. If you went to school for auctioneering, they'll get you started on this. Bid calling is an art, as are describing auction items and dealing with customers. Improve your skills by practicing them regularly.\\nBid calling is obviously the most visible part of the auctioneer's job, but it's only a very small portion of it. While it does matter, you also have to be charismatic, a great marketer, and have good administration skills to boot.\\n4-2. Become an entertainer.\\nA good auctioneer is more than just someone who knows their product and can speak ridiculously fast and still maintain clarity. They're entertaining the entire room! An auctioneer that charms their audience can drive prices up 20%. Don't get the crowd buzzing and the auction is a bust.\\nIf it wasn't clear, you'll be working on commission most of the time. So the more money you get your crowd to pay, the better off you'll be. So you gotta work it!\\nTo a certain extent, you'll be coaxing your audience to pay more. People will automatically start to get hesitant as the prices rise -- it's your job to be persuasive and convince them (without them really knowing it) that they're making a good decision by upping the ante.\\n4-3. Get the etiquette down.\\nA good auctioneer is often quite classy. You may be working with items that cost a pretty penny and your demeanor should match. Bidders are not \\\"the woman with the orange hat over there\\\" and you don't point at people for bids. You are working with ladies and gentlemen and your hand should always be an open palm.\\nIf you're on TV, there will be different protocol for that too -- you'll need to occasionally address your listeners that are just tuning in. Ramp up your charm, be ever-so-tactful, and wear a bright colored tie or top.\\n4-4. Know it's more work than what it looks like.\\nIn addition to all the prep work you'll have to do (working with clients, working with dealers, etc.) and manning the stand at the auction itself, you'll be sorting out every little detail that occurs that day. And there will be loads!\\nFor starters, you'll be working for absentee bidders, handling reserve prices (sometimes the owner doesn't want to go too low -- and even then they might get upset), and working the crowd in between showcases. People will come to you with all their questions, so you have to be prepared with all the answers!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most people think of the insanely quick-yet-clear speech of the auctioneer as their main skill, but there's much more to it than that. In fact, an auctioneer's involvement behind the scenes is just as important to the success of an auction as their talent in generating bidders!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Breaking into the Biz\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain your high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (G.\", \"描述\": \"In order to qualify for a license (or to be taken seriously), you'll need to have your diploma or G.E.D. Take speech, marketing, history, business and agriculture classes while in school. These courses will help prepare you for the various roles required as an auctioneer.\\nThough college isn't necessary, it can be useful. A recent poll taken by the NAA (National Auctioneers Association), 35% have degrees while another 36% have some sort of college experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend auctions.\", \"描述\": \"This is the natural first step to becoming an auctioneer. Start attending auctions! Watch the roles the auctioneer fills during a typical auction day. Observe his actions, decisions and skill. There's a lot more to it than just chanting quickly!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work part-time for an auction company.\", \"描述\": \"If you're in high school or just looking to get some experience, start working for an auction company doing whatever odd jobs you can. Even if you're just organizing pieces to sell or sweeping the floor, it gets your foot in the door.\\nServe as a ring-side helper that hands items to an auctioneer and aids in crowd control.\\nWork as a bid watcher. The auctioneer needs help to identify everyone making bids, especially during busy and well-attended auctions. A bid watcher identifies bidders whom the auctioneer doesn't see.\\nHelp set up auctions prior to bidding. Auctioneers rely on help to unpack, set out and arrange auction items for viewing and bidding. Learn more about the business by working on a set-up crew.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Research state and local laws regarding licensing requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you've got your feet wet, do you like what you see? You may choose whether you want to go on to get your license and become an auctioneer. Currently, 37 states in the US require licensure. Proceed with licensing guidelines as your state requires.\\nSome states require you go to an NAA affiliated school, some states want one or two years of experience before you're allowed to take the final exam, some want a formal apprenticeship, and some states will allow some combination of the aforementioned types of experience. If you can get hands-on experience, you may not have to take a course.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start working charity gigs.\", \"描述\": \"That's right -- you don't need a license to be an auctioneer for charity gigs. It's basically volunteer work (you're not making any money), so it's open to whoever is kind enough to donate their time. It's a great way to start developing a résumé and to get your name out there. In time, it'll be all about your reputation. It's for a good cause too; did we mention that?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend auctioneer school.\", \"描述\": \"Though this isn't always necessary, it's definitely valuable experience. Unless you've grown up with a gavel in your hand instead of a pacifier (aka gotten into the family business), this may be the route for you.The NAA has a list of schools on their website.\\nCurrently the NAA has schools in the US, Canada, South Africa, and an affiliate in Australia. Depending on your location, you may be able to get away with a course that's only a few weeks long or you may need to take one that's closer to a standard college semester. Either way, it's not that long.\\nChoose between an on-site school or a virtual program. Auctioneer schools are located across the globe, and many programs are offered online. You'll be taking classes in bid calling, marketing and basic business management.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get an apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"Some states, like Ohio and Tennessee, require 1 or 2 years (respectively) of experience before you're even allowed to sit for the exam. But regardless of the rules in your jurisdiction, it's a good idea to start getting experience as soon as possible.\\nThere is such a thing as an apprentice auctioneer license. This is generally a stepping stone (often required) in states that do require the experience before the exam. Exam fees currently sit at around a couple hundred dollars in most areas.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the exam.\", \"描述\": \"In most areas, it's offered quarterly. Your state should have information on how to study for the test, like Texas' Green Book. But since you're already in the auctioneer network, you'll have plenty of other resources to hit up, too.\\nCertain states have reciprocity laws. That means that your license is good in the states that recognize your state's license, but not good in others. If you want a license in a state that doesn't work like this, you'll need to fulfill their requirements and take their exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for your license.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've taken the exam and passed (if you fail, generally you can take it twice in the next year period), you can apply for your license! This generally just proves that you've done the work and you're a legitimate auctioneer. Congratulations! And, yes, this will cost another couple hundred bucks.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join a professional organization.\", \"描述\": \"Nearly every U.S. state has a professional organization for auctioneers. National organizations exist, too, and offer continuing education and other resources to members. The NAA is a great place to start. There are competitions and conferences you can attend, too.\\nMany organizations, including at state level, provide testing opportunities for auctioneers to prove their expertise. Becoming certified or accredited improves your credibility and professionalism as an auctioneer.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Maintain another career.\", \"描述\": \"It's difficult to become an overnight success as an auctioneer. Keep a regular job or stay with your current career until you have managed enough success to replace a regular salary. Most auctioneers start off part-time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting the Gigs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work for an auction company or auction house.\", \"描述\": \"Most auction companies are independent ventures -- people like you have started out as auctioneers and then opened up their own business. However, there are some \\\"houses\\\" that are chains and are quite huge. Just like any employer, some are better than others, but you'll never know until you try.\\nTry to find an auction company that specializes in your area (agriculture, antiques, etc.) and is willing to work with you and your schedule. Do they provide mentorship? What do they charge overhead? Will you be an employee or a contractor? These are things to consider when looking for employment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become an expert in various topics.\", \"描述\": \"Auctioneers are often sought due to their expertise in certain areas. You'll need to be able to look at an item and roughly tell what condition it's in and what factors matter about it. If you overlook a scratch, you could be starting way too high. Here are the most common subtopics of auctioneering:\\nLearn about livestock and agriculture. Many auctions sell livestock and agricultural equipment.\\nAcquire knowledge about antiques. Auctions regularly include antique items, and it helps to know information about eras of history and historical items.\\nAuction off vehicles as an expert. Learn about makes, models, years, engines and unique trivia about vehicles.\\nSome states, like Tennessee again, have a specific license for public automobile auctioneers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Market your auctions.\", \"描述\": \"You will be held highly responsible for the turnout at your auctions. In order to get bidders in the first place, you'll need to market your auctions with the right media at the right places and times and to the right people. If the auction happens and the products don't walk, your client will not be happy.\\nIt's important to know your audience here. If you have an estate auction that is mostly Elvis memorabilia and thousands of vinyl records, that's totally different than an estate sale that's all 19th century modern art and fine china. The expanse of your network will be very, very important here.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go on the road.\", \"描述\": \"If you live in an area with a small population, you're obviously going to get more bites elsewhere. Consider networking throughout your entire region or even moving to an area that caters to your specialty (heavy into agriculture or just plain affluent, for starters). The more people you can reach, the more opportunities you'll have to build yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rising to the Top\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice bid calling.\", \"描述\": \"Use a mirror, record yourself, make bid calls aloud and use your skills in public. If you went to school for auctioneering, they'll get you started on this. Bid calling is an art, as are describing auction items and dealing with customers. Improve your skills by practicing them regularly.\\nBid calling is obviously the most visible part of the auctioneer's job, but it's only a very small portion of it. While it does matter, you also have to be charismatic, a great marketer, and have good administration skills to boot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become an entertainer.\", \"描述\": \"A good auctioneer is more than just someone who knows their product and can speak ridiculously fast and still maintain clarity. They're entertaining the entire room! An auctioneer that charms their audience can drive prices up 20%. Don't get the crowd buzzing and the auction is a bust.\\nIf it wasn't clear, you'll be working on commission most of the time. So the more money you get your crowd to pay, the better off you'll be. So you gotta work it!\\nTo a certain extent, you'll be coaxing your audience to pay more. People will automatically start to get hesitant as the prices rise -- it's your job to be persuasive and convince them (without them really knowing it) that they're making a good decision by upping the ante.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get the etiquette down.\", \"描述\": \"A good auctioneer is often quite classy. You may be working with items that cost a pretty penny and your demeanor should match. Bidders are not \\\"the woman with the orange hat over there\\\" and you don't point at people for bids. You are working with ladies and gentlemen and your hand should always be an open palm.\\nIf you're on TV, there will be different protocol for that too -- you'll need to occasionally address your listeners that are just tuning in. Ramp up your charm, be ever-so-tactful, and wear a bright colored tie or top.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Know it's more work than what it looks like.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to all the prep work you'll have to do (working with clients, working with dealers, etc.) and manning the stand at the auction itself, you'll be sorting out every little detail that occurs that day. And there will be loads!\\nFor starters, you'll be working for absentee bidders, handling reserve prices (sometimes the owner doesn't want to go too low -- and even then they might get upset), and working the crowd in between showcases. People will come to you with all their questions, so you have to be prepared with all the answers!\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,956 |
Starting a Career as an Audiologist (Plus Salary and Job Outlook)
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1. Education
1-1. Bachelor's degree
All audiology programs require students to have a bachelor's degree prior to enrollment in the program. It doesn't matter what you major in, but most audiologists major in something related to audiology, such as speech-language pathology or biology.
While you're in undergrad, it's a good idea to take courses in anatomy, physiology, and statistics. These courses provide a foundation of knowledge that will serve you well in your audiology program.
1-2. Master's degree (optional)
While a master's degree isn't required prior to getting your doctorate in audiology, it can be beneficial and help you stand out from other audiologists. A master's degree in speech-language pathology also provides you with some clinical experience before you start your doctorate.
If you're planning on taking some time to work before you get your doctorate, a master's is also a good choice because you would have the ability to work as a speech-language pathologist, earning valuable experience in the field.
1-3. Doctoral degree (AuD or Ph.D.)
The doctorate in audiology program is designed to take 4 years and you can enter straight from undergrad. The first 2 years include foundational courses in acoustics, aural rehabilitation, hearing problems, and balance disorders. You'll also learn how to test hearing and amplify sound as well as how to diagnose and treat various hearing and balance disorders. The last 2 years are primarily devoted to research and clinical work.
The American Speech-Language Hearing Association publishes a list of accredited audiology programs in the US. The list includes a website link and contact information for each program.
1-4. Clinical externship
Your clinical externship takes up the last year of your doctoral program and gives you the opportunity to apply what you've learned in a clinical setting with real patients. You'll typically start applying in your third year to land a choice position. If you want to specialize, it's important to find an externship that focuses on that specialty.
For example, if you want to work with kids, you might look for an externship at a school or a children's hospital.
The competition for some externships can be quite stiff, but your school has a lot of resources to help you get the most out of the application and interview process so you can find the externship that best suits your needs and interests.
Externships aren't paying positions, nor do they qualify as "experience" for your résumé. Rather, they're required to get your doctoral degree.
2. Licensure and Certification
2-1. Praxis exam
The Praxis exam, provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), tests your knowledge in 5 categories: foundations of audiology, prevention and screening, assessment, intervention, and professional and ethical responsibilities. You'll learn more about the specifics of the exam through your audiology program, including where to access study materials and how to register.
The specific score you need to pass varies depending on the state where you want to practice. The American Academy of Audiology provides a list of state regulations you can use to compare requirements.
2-2. State licensure
An AuD or Ph.D. and a passing score on the Praxis exam are the main requirements for state licensure. Each state has its own application process and timeline for issuing licenses, but generally, you can start the process immediately after you graduate.
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association provides contact information for each state's licensing board.
2-3. Optional certifications
No state requires any additional certifications beyond the basic state license, but they can help you stand out and show your expertise in a particular specialty, such as pediatrics or cochlear implants. Some employers will also pay audiologists with certifications a little more.
Certifications are offered by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and the American Board of Audiology.
3. Job Duties
3-1. Diagnose hearing, balance, and related disorders.
Audiologists review the case history of patients and conduct hearing tests and other screenings to diagnose or rule out specific disorders related to the auditory system. They might also refer patients to other specialists for additional testing.
Some of the tests audiologists administer are designed to measure the patient's functional hearing as well as assess any nerve damage.
Audiologists might have technicians to administer the specific tests, but they're ultimately responsible for interpreting the results and making the diagnosis.
3-2. Treat hearing, balance, and related disorders.
This includes fitting patients with hearing aids and other assistive devices and teaching patients how to operate those devices. It could also include other treatments, such as cleaning ear wax from the patient's ears.
Audiologists can't prescribe medications to treat hearing or balance issues, but they can refer patients to other specialists. They can recommend over-the-counter medications that might help relieve the patient's symptoms.
If the patient potentially needs surgery to correct their hearing or balance problems, an audiologist refers them to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon. Audiologists don't perform surgeries themselves.
3-3. Educate and counsel patients.
In this role, the audiologist tells patients about things they can do to prevent further hearing loss and offers advice that can help them cope with existing hearing loss. Audiologists also talk to family members about ways they can communicate with the patient.
In cases of severe hearing loss, audiologists might also coach patients on lip reading or the use of other assistive technology.
4. Salary and Job Outlook
4-1. Audiologists in the US earn around $78,950 a year.
Your income depends to some extent on your location as well as your work environment: hospitals tend to pay more ($94,690) than private physicians' offices ($78,070). The longer you work in the field, the more you can expect to earn.
Most audiologists work full-time, but there are also part-time and contract audiologists. Contract audiologists typically work at several different facilities, so they spend a good deal of time traveling.
4-2. Employment of audiologists is expected to grow 10% from 2021-2031.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) makes this projection in part based on the aging baby-boom population. However, audiologists are expected to grow at a faster rate than healthcare positions generally (9%) and twice as fast as all occupations (5%).
If you're just thinking about a career in audiology and still have 8-10 years of school to finish, this is good news for you. By the time you graduate, the career will still be in high demand. You've picked a good time to get started!
Tips
Join a professional organization while you're pursuing your AuD or Ph.D.—they have a lot of resources that can help you both while you're in school and once you've graduated and are looking for a position.
The two main professional organizations for audiologists in the US are the American Academy of Audiology and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Warnings
This article focuses on audiology careers in the US. If you live in another country, the education and licensing requirements might be different.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Education\\n1-1. Bachelor's degree\\nAll audiology programs require students to have a bachelor's degree prior to enrollment in the program. It doesn't matter what you major in, but most audiologists major in something related to audiology, such as speech-language pathology or biology.\\nWhile you're in undergrad, it's a good idea to take courses in anatomy, physiology, and statistics. These courses provide a foundation of knowledge that will serve you well in your audiology program.\\n1-2. Master's degree (optional)\\nWhile a master's degree isn't required prior to getting your doctorate in audiology, it can be beneficial and help you stand out from other audiologists. A master's degree in speech-language pathology also provides you with some clinical experience before you start your doctorate.\\nIf you're planning on taking some time to work before you get your doctorate, a master's is also a good choice because you would have the ability to work as a speech-language pathologist, earning valuable experience in the field.\\n1-3. Doctoral degree (AuD or Ph.D.)\\nThe doctorate in audiology program is designed to take 4 years and you can enter straight from undergrad. The first 2 years include foundational courses in acoustics, aural rehabilitation, hearing problems, and balance disorders. You'll also learn how to test hearing and amplify sound as well as how to diagnose and treat various hearing and balance disorders. The last 2 years are primarily devoted to research and clinical work.\\nThe American Speech-Language Hearing Association publishes a list of accredited audiology programs in the US. The list includes a website link and contact information for each program.\\n1-4. Clinical externship\\nYour clinical externship takes up the last year of your doctoral program and gives you the opportunity to apply what you've learned in a clinical setting with real patients. You'll typically start applying in your third year to land a choice position. If you want to specialize, it's important to find an externship that focuses on that specialty.\\nFor example, if you want to work with kids, you might look for an externship at a school or a children's hospital.\\nThe competition for some externships can be quite stiff, but your school has a lot of resources to help you get the most out of the application and interview process so you can find the externship that best suits your needs and interests.\\nExternships aren't paying positions, nor do they qualify as \\\"experience\\\" for your résumé. Rather, they're required to get your doctoral degree.\\n2. Licensure and Certification\\n2-1. Praxis exam\\nThe Praxis exam, provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), tests your knowledge in 5 categories: foundations of audiology, prevention and screening, assessment, intervention, and professional and ethical responsibilities. You'll learn more about the specifics of the exam through your audiology program, including where to access study materials and how to register.\\nThe specific score you need to pass varies depending on the state where you want to practice. The American Academy of Audiology provides a list of state regulations you can use to compare requirements.\\n2-2. State licensure\\nAn AuD or Ph.D. and a passing score on the Praxis exam are the main requirements for state licensure. Each state has its own application process and timeline for issuing licenses, but generally, you can start the process immediately after you graduate.\\nThe American Speech-Language-Hearing Association provides contact information for each state's licensing board.\\n2-3. Optional certifications\\nNo state requires any additional certifications beyond the basic state license, but they can help you stand out and show your expertise in a particular specialty, such as pediatrics or cochlear implants. Some employers will also pay audiologists with certifications a little more.\\nCertifications are offered by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and the American Board of Audiology.\\n3. Job Duties\\n3-1. Diagnose hearing, balance, and related disorders.\\nAudiologists review the case history of patients and conduct hearing tests and other screenings to diagnose or rule out specific disorders related to the auditory system. They might also refer patients to other specialists for additional testing.\\nSome of the tests audiologists administer are designed to measure the patient's functional hearing as well as assess any nerve damage.\\nAudiologists might have technicians to administer the specific tests, but they're ultimately responsible for interpreting the results and making the diagnosis.\\n3-2. Treat hearing, balance, and related disorders.\\nThis includes fitting patients with hearing aids and other assistive devices and teaching patients how to operate those devices. It could also include other treatments, such as cleaning ear wax from the patient's ears.\\nAudiologists can't prescribe medications to treat hearing or balance issues, but they can refer patients to other specialists. They can recommend over-the-counter medications that might help relieve the patient's symptoms.\\nIf the patient potentially needs surgery to correct their hearing or balance problems, an audiologist refers them to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon. Audiologists don't perform surgeries themselves.\\n3-3. Educate and counsel patients.\\nIn this role, the audiologist tells patients about things they can do to prevent further hearing loss and offers advice that can help them cope with existing hearing loss. Audiologists also talk to family members about ways they can communicate with the patient.\\nIn cases of severe hearing loss, audiologists might also coach patients on lip reading or the use of other assistive technology.\\n4. Salary and Job Outlook\\n4-1. Audiologists in the US earn around $78,950 a year.\\nYour income depends to some extent on your location as well as your work environment: hospitals tend to pay more ($94,690) than private physicians' offices ($78,070). The longer you work in the field, the more you can expect to earn.\\nMost audiologists work full-time, but there are also part-time and contract audiologists. Contract audiologists typically work at several different facilities, so they spend a good deal of time traveling.\\n4-2. Employment of audiologists is expected to grow 10% from 2021-2031.\\nThe Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) makes this projection in part based on the aging baby-boom population. However, audiologists are expected to grow at a faster rate than healthcare positions generally (9%) and twice as fast as all occupations (5%).\\nIf you're just thinking about a career in audiology and still have 8-10 years of school to finish, this is good news for you. By the time you graduate, the career will still be in high demand. You've picked a good time to get started!\\nTips\\nJoin a professional organization while you're pursuing your AuD or Ph.D.—they have a lot of resources that can help you both while you're in school and once you've graduated and are looking for a position.\\nThe two main professional organizations for audiologists in the US are the American Academy of Audiology and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.\\nWarnings\\nThis article focuses on audiology careers in the US. If you live in another country, the education and licensing requirements might be different.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you love working with sound and want to help people get the most out of their hearing, maybe you would enjoy a career as an audiologist! These healthcare professionals, who diagnose and treat hearing and balance conditions, are in high demand in the US and around the world. Read on to find out what you need to do to start a fulfilling career in audiology.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bachelor's degree\", \"描述\": \"All audiology programs require students to have a bachelor's degree prior to enrollment in the program. It doesn't matter what you major in, but most audiologists major in something related to audiology, such as speech-language pathology or biology.\\nWhile you're in undergrad, it's a good idea to take courses in anatomy, physiology, and statistics. These courses provide a foundation of knowledge that will serve you well in your audiology program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Master's degree (optional)\", \"描述\": \"While a master's degree isn't required prior to getting your doctorate in audiology, it can be beneficial and help you stand out from other audiologists. A master's degree in speech-language pathology also provides you with some clinical experience before you start your doctorate.\\nIf you're planning on taking some time to work before you get your doctorate, a master's is also a good choice because you would have the ability to work as a speech-language pathologist, earning valuable experience in the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Doctoral degree (AuD or Ph.D.)\", \"描述\": \"The doctorate in audiology program is designed to take 4 years and you can enter straight from undergrad. The first 2 years include foundational courses in acoustics, aural rehabilitation, hearing problems, and balance disorders. You'll also learn how to test hearing and amplify sound as well as how to diagnose and treat various hearing and balance disorders. The last 2 years are primarily devoted to research and clinical work.\\nThe American Speech-Language Hearing Association publishes a list of accredited audiology programs in the US. The list includes a website link and contact information for each program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Clinical externship\", \"描述\": \"Your clinical externship takes up the last year of your doctoral program and gives you the opportunity to apply what you've learned in a clinical setting with real patients. You'll typically start applying in your third year to land a choice position. If you want to specialize, it's important to find an externship that focuses on that specialty.\\nFor example, if you want to work with kids, you might look for an externship at a school or a children's hospital.\\nThe competition for some externships can be quite stiff, but your school has a lot of resources to help you get the most out of the application and interview process so you can find the externship that best suits your needs and interests.\\nExternships aren't paying positions, nor do they qualify as \\\"experience\\\" for your résumé. Rather, they're required to get your doctoral degree.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Licensure and Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Praxis exam\", \"描述\": \"The Praxis exam, provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), tests your knowledge in 5 categories: foundations of audiology, prevention and screening, assessment, intervention, and professional and ethical responsibilities. You'll learn more about the specifics of the exam through your audiology program, including where to access study materials and how to register.\\nThe specific score you need to pass varies depending on the state where you want to practice. The American Academy of Audiology provides a list of state regulations you can use to compare requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"State licensure\", \"描述\": \"An AuD or Ph.D. and a passing score on the Praxis exam are the main requirements for state licensure. Each state has its own application process and timeline for issuing licenses, but generally, you can start the process immediately after you graduate.\\nThe American Speech-Language-Hearing Association provides contact information for each state's licensing board.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Optional certifications\", \"描述\": \"No state requires any additional certifications beyond the basic state license, but they can help you stand out and show your expertise in a particular specialty, such as pediatrics or cochlear implants. Some employers will also pay audiologists with certifications a little more.\\nCertifications are offered by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and the American Board of Audiology.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Job Duties\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Diagnose hearing, balance, and related disorders.\", \"描述\": \"Audiologists review the case history of patients and conduct hearing tests and other screenings to diagnose or rule out specific disorders related to the auditory system. They might also refer patients to other specialists for additional testing.\\nSome of the tests audiologists administer are designed to measure the patient's functional hearing as well as assess any nerve damage.\\nAudiologists might have technicians to administer the specific tests, but they're ultimately responsible for interpreting the results and making the diagnosis.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Treat hearing, balance, and related disorders.\", \"描述\": \"This includes fitting patients with hearing aids and other assistive devices and teaching patients how to operate those devices. It could also include other treatments, such as cleaning ear wax from the patient's ears.\\nAudiologists can't prescribe medications to treat hearing or balance issues, but they can refer patients to other specialists. They can recommend over-the-counter medications that might help relieve the patient's symptoms.\\nIf the patient potentially needs surgery to correct their hearing or balance problems, an audiologist refers them to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon. Audiologists don't perform surgeries themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Educate and counsel patients.\", \"描述\": \"In this role, the audiologist tells patients about things they can do to prevent further hearing loss and offers advice that can help them cope with existing hearing loss. Audiologists also talk to family members about ways they can communicate with the patient.\\nIn cases of severe hearing loss, audiologists might also coach patients on lip reading or the use of other assistive technology.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Salary and Job Outlook\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Audiologists in the US earn around $78,950 a year.\", \"描述\": \"Your income depends to some extent on your location as well as your work environment: hospitals tend to pay more ($94,690) than private physicians' offices ($78,070). The longer you work in the field, the more you can expect to earn.\\nMost audiologists work full-time, but there are also part-time and contract audiologists. Contract audiologists typically work at several different facilities, so they spend a good deal of time traveling.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Employment of audiologists is expected to grow 10% from 2021-2031.\", \"描述\": \"The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) makes this projection in part based on the aging baby-boom population. However, audiologists are expected to grow at a faster rate than healthcare positions generally (9%) and twice as fast as all occupations (5%).\\nIf you're just thinking about a career in audiology and still have 8-10 years of school to finish, this is good news for you. By the time you graduate, the career will still be in high demand. You've picked a good time to get started!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Join a professional organization while you're pursuing your AuD or Ph.D.—they have a lot of resources that can help you both while you're in school and once you've graduated and are looking for a position.\\n\", \"The two main professional organizations for audiologists in the US are the American Academy of Audiology and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"This article focuses on audiology careers in the US. If you live in another country, the education and licensing requirements might be different.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,957 |
How to Become an Auditor
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1. Earning an Education in Auditing
1-1. Take relevant high school courses.
If you're interested in pursuing a career as an auditor, it may be helpful to take relevant courses in high school. This can help prepare you for future college-level course work, and may also help you determine if auditing is, in fact, something you want to make a career out of. Relevant courses that may be offered in high school include:
Accounting
Advanced mathematics coursework
Economics
Finance
1-2. Apply to college
In order to become an auditor, you'll need a college education. Most companies and organizations require at least a bachelor's degree, while some prefer applicants who have gone on to earn a master's degree. Some employers will hire graduates who hold an associate's degree, but these candidates must have extensive bookkeeping and accounting experience. Candidates who hold an associate's degree are typically hired as junior accountants, and must work their way up to more advanced accounting or auditing positions. Typically, though, to pursue a career as an auditor, you will need a bachelor's degree.
Many auditors major in accounting or a related field. However, some colleges offer highly-specialized majors like internal auditing for prospective auditors.
If you cannot find a college program in auditing, pursue a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or economics.
1-3. Participate in an internship.
Internships are not required, but they provide great hands-on experience and may help you make connections in the industry. You can find internships by searching for auditor or accountant internships in your area, or by seeking out internship opportunities through specific employers like the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Consider doing an internship over the summer when you're not in school.
1-4. Graduate from college.
Whether you intend to pursue a master's degree after graduation or directly enter the workforce, you'll need to do well in college and earn a bachelor's degree. Most bachelor's degrees can be earned in four years or fewer, while some programs may offer a joint bachelor's and master's degree that can be earned in a five or six year period.
1-5. Consider earning a master's degree.
Many companies do not require auditors to have a master's degree. However, some larger firms may desire an auditor with a master's degree. If you decide to pursue a master's degree, you'll want to find a program that specializes in accounting, economics, or finance.
If you want to advance your career in the field of auditing, then you will need to become certified as a CIA (Certified Internal Auditor) or CPA (Certified Public Accountant). To earn a CIA certification, you will need to have a combination of education and experience. To earn a CPA certification, you will need 150 semester hours of coursework, which is equivalent to a 5-year accounting degree.
1-6. Try to learn a second language.
It's not necessarily a requirement at all firms, but learning a second language will help set you apart from other auditors in the job market. If you decide you want to work for a government agency or work in an area that has a lot of bilingual speakers, learning a second language may actually be a requirement.
When choosing a second language to learn, focus on what would be most pragmatic for your field and your location. For example, if you plan to work in southern California, New Mexico, or Texas, being able to speak Spanish would be a valuable asset for most financial firms. If you want to work in a state in the northeastern United States, knowing French may be beneficial due to the close proximity to the Canadian border.
2. Getting Certified
2-1. Consider getting certified.
Though it is not a strict requirement to have certification prior to becoming an auditor, many larger organizations do want auditors who have certification. There are a number of different certification boards and processes, including Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Certified Government Auditing Professional (CGAP), and Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE).
Of all the types of certification, the CPA is generally considered the most credible and desirable for auditors to have. That credibility is important, given that auditors work with employees, managers, executives, and members of the board, as well as external agencies and representatives.
CPAs tend to make up to 10 percent more than non-CPAs, and typically have more job security.
Be aware that almost all states require CPAs to engage in some form of continuing education (called Continuing Professional Education) to maintain the CPA license. Most states follow the CPE standards of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), which is to earn 40 hours of CPE per year.
2-2. Ensure that you qualify.
The National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) offers an Advisory Evaluation to ensure that all prospective candidates qualify to take the Uniform CPA Examination. The Advisory Evaluation determines whether a prospective candidate has sufficient educational preparation for the Uniform CPA Examination and provides guidance on areas of study that the candidate may need to improve prior to taking the Exam. The Advisory Evaluation is important, as each state has its own specific requirements, including requirements that govern a candidate's education level.
After passing the exam, some states mandate a minimum of one year of public accounting work experience before the CPA license will be granted. Other states permit different types of work experience to stand in for the minimum requirement.
Candidates who earned an education in the United States must submit a $100 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Not all NASBA jurisdictions offer the Advisory Evaluation. It is primarily offered in Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Utah, and Washington. If you do not live in a corresponding jurisdiction, you must contact the Board of Accountancy in your home state to determine where you can have the Advisory Evaluation performed. Keep in mind that Advisory Evaluation is optional. Check your state’s requirements for obtaining a CPA license to determine if you need to do this.
Candidates who earned an education through an international institution must submit a $200 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Contact your local Board of Accountancy to have the Advisory Evaluation performed. This report is used for professional examination and licensure by the Boards of Accountancy.
2-3. Understand the Exam structure.
The exam consists of four separate sections: Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR), Regulation (REG), and Business Environment and Concepts (BEC). The AUD and FAR sections take four hours each, and the REG and BEC sections take up to three hours each. Each section is graded on a scale from zero to 99, with a minimum score of 75 required in order to pass.
Content and Skill Specification Outlines (CSOs/SSOs) address the content covered in each section of the Exam, and are available online at the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) website.
2-4. Study for the Exam.
The Exam is rather extensive in both the scope of material covered and the time it takes to prepare for and take the Exam. Most candidates spend approximately 500 hours total studying for the Uniform CPA Exam, though the total study time will, of course, vary from one person to another. Many candidates choose to take a CPA preparation class through local or national institutions, while others prefer to study alone. If you do study on your own, plan on studying for one to three hours every day for several months leading up to each section of the Exam. You may be eligible for a CPA prep class as an intern or new hire, and you may even receive bonus for passing the exam the first time you take it.
The FAR section covers planning and reviewing, internal controls, obtaining and making records of information, and preparing communications between auditor/accountant and the organization. This section is generally considered the most difficult, and generally takes up to 180 hours of planning and studying to adequately prepare.
The AUD section is difficult, but generally considered easier if taken after the FAR section. The AUD covers the standards of financial statements, the content required within a financial statement, and how to account and report for a variety of different employers. It typically takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.
The REG section addresses ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and tax and accounting procedures. It also takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.
The BEC section is generally considered one of the easiest of the four sections. It addresses business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology. The BEC is multiple-choice in format and takes upwards of 100 hours of planning and studying to prepare for the Exam.
2-5. Schedule and take the Exam.
The Exam is administered by Prometric and is offered eight months out of the year: January and February, April and May, July and August, and October and November. It can be taken at one of over 300 test centers across the United States, and internationally in Bahrain, Brazil, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates.
The AICPA recommends scheduling each test session a minimum of 45 days before the Exam.
The NASBA charges a total of $729.08 to take all four sections of the Exam. There is also an initial application fee that applies to all first-time candidates, and that fee ranges from $30 to $200, depending on where the candidate resides and will be taking the Exam.
The four sections of the Exam do not have to be taken at once. This would be exceedingly difficult, given the amount of preparation time required for each section. However, most states require candidates to take and successfully pass all remaining sections within 18 months of passing the first section.
2-6. Pay your annual dues.
Having a membership with the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) is recommended, but it is optional. To maintain your membership, you must pay annual dues to the AICPA. The amount of a member's dues vary depending on the level of membership and the CPA's primary industry. For regular members, the dues requirements are as follows:
Public accounting, law, and consulting partner/shareholder/owner/sole practitioner - $465
Public accounting, law, and consulting staff - $275
Business and industry president/CEO/COO/CFO/officer - $465
Business and industry management/staff/internal auditor - $275
Education faculty/administration - $275
Government employee at the federal/state/local/international level - $275
2-7. Maintain continuing education requirements.
If you've earned your CPA certification, you'll need to engage in Continuing Professional Education (CPE) every year. It is recommended that CPAs document all relevant CPE experience to keep track of their progress. The reporting period for having met the CPE requirements begins January 1 of each year.
In most states, you will need to abide by the CPE requirements of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). These requirements state that members must earn 120 hours (minimum of 20 hours per year) over a rolling three-year renewal period.
College courses count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of semester hours by 15, or if the college uses the quarter system, multiplying the number of quarter hours by 10.
A number of professional associations offer programs that count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of continuing education units taken through that association by 10.
For programs that do not have a predetermined number of hours, the number of relevant CPE hours is determined by dividing the number of minutes actually spent in the program by 50.
CPE hours are documented by keeping track of the class or program's sponsor, the title and description of the class/program's content, the dates and location of that class/program, and the number of CPE contact hours earned from that class or program.
You will be required to submit all of your certificates and other documentation verifying that you have obtained the required 120 hours of CPE. You will also need to total these hours by category.
3. Working as an Auditor
3-1. Embody the desired qualities.
Though each firm's needs may be slightly different, there are some general skills and characteristics that are deemed desirable for auditors to have. Those qualities and skills include:
strong personal and professional ethics
A close attention to detail
Analytical skills
Communication skills
Interpersonal skills
Math skills
Organizational skills
Professional skepticism
3-2. Choose your desired industry.
There are many industries in which an auditor may work. Auditors typically work alone in an office, though some work at home or on teams with other auditors and accountants. The primary industries auditors work in are, in descending order of employment percentages:
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
Finance and insurance
Company or enterprise management
Manufacturing
3-3. Write a strong resume.
Prospective auditors looking for jobs will need to put together a strong resume. Some basic resume guidelines apply, such as using a standard 8.5 by 11 inch piece of paper with a simple, easy to read font (like Times New Roman). But there are some specific attributes that a prospective auditor should include in a resume. These include:
Listing relevant coursework, including any classes that taught skills which were not derived from previous employment experience
Showing quantifiable results from your past work experience - for example, detailing how much of an organization's operating budget did you control, how much overtime pay your cost-reducing initiatives saved, or how much (in percentage) company productivity increased after your employment
Emphasizing how, specifically, your degree sets your education apart from other candidates' educational backgrounds
Using relevant industry terms and phrases
Detailing your achievements and accomplishments
3-4. Search for auditor jobs.
There are many resources available online for an auditor seeking employment. In addition to traditional job websites like Indeed and Monster, there are a number of professional organizations for auditors that post job announcements online. The AICPA offers a number of career resources through their website, including career opportunities at the AICPA and the Official Job Board of the AICPA.
3-5. Prepare for an interview.
The financial world is much more fast-paced and driven than many other public sector jobs, and auditing is no exception. Many employers want to ensure that entry-level employees fresh out of school will be able to withstand the stressful work environment. To prepare for the interview, you should be well-versed in financial news and capable of handling stressful situations, all of which may be tested at some point during the pre-employment interview.
Read financial publications, and be prepared to talk about those publications. Some experts recommend reading The Wall Street Journal and Financial Times to gain a general knowledge of current events and issues relevant to the financial industry.
Brush up on financial concepts. The employer conducting the interview may quiz you on your knowledge of relevant concepts and your ability to make hypothetical decisions based on core concepts and financial models.
Be prepared to prove your math skills during the interview. Not every employer will expect you to perform calculations during the interview, but it's not unheard of in the financial world.
Ask your own thought-provoking questions. To do this, you may need to conduct a little research into the company's history, business model, and business practices. Don't ask "gotcha" questions, just form a sincere inquiry that will show that you've researched the company and have a genuine interest in learning more about it.
3-6. Make professional connections.
Networking is an important part of any career, and auditing is no exception. As you build your resume and seek out new employment opportunities, it's important that you remain aware of your professional network to grow and maintain your circle of connections.
Expand your group of professional connections to include both superiors and inferiors. Your peers are a good start, but a diverse network of connections is important in any job search.
Always carry business cards. You never know when you might meet a potential connection, including at social events.
Be honest and upfront about what you're looking for professionally, and what you need your connections to do. If you need a recommendation, ask for one. If you need someone to set up an interview, see if anyone can help you with that.
Always thank people for their time and assistance. Whether it's a prospective employer who granted you an interview, a former employer who gave you a glowing recommendation, or a professional contact who gave you a tip on an upcoming job announcement, always show your gratitude to everyone in your professional network. And any time you can, offer to help others out who are a part of your network.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Earning an Education in Auditing\\n1-1. Take relevant high school courses.\\nIf you're interested in pursuing a career as an auditor, it may be helpful to take relevant courses in high school. This can help prepare you for future college-level course work, and may also help you determine if auditing is, in fact, something you want to make a career out of. Relevant courses that may be offered in high school include:\\nAccounting\\nAdvanced mathematics coursework\\nEconomics\\nFinance\\n1-2. Apply to college\\nIn order to become an auditor, you'll need a college education. Most companies and organizations require at least a bachelor's degree, while some prefer applicants who have gone on to earn a master's degree. Some employers will hire graduates who hold an associate's degree, but these candidates must have extensive bookkeeping and accounting experience. Candidates who hold an associate's degree are typically hired as junior accountants, and must work their way up to more advanced accounting or auditing positions. Typically, though, to pursue a career as an auditor, you will need a bachelor's degree.\\nMany auditors major in accounting or a related field. However, some colleges offer highly-specialized majors like internal auditing for prospective auditors.\\nIf you cannot find a college program in auditing, pursue a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or economics.\\n1-3. Participate in an internship.\\nInternships are not required, but they provide great hands-on experience and may help you make connections in the industry. You can find internships by searching for auditor or accountant internships in your area, or by seeking out internship opportunities through specific employers like the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.\\nConsider doing an internship over the summer when you're not in school.\\n1-4. Graduate from college.\\nWhether you intend to pursue a master's degree after graduation or directly enter the workforce, you'll need to do well in college and earn a bachelor's degree. Most bachelor's degrees can be earned in four years or fewer, while some programs may offer a joint bachelor's and master's degree that can be earned in a five or six year period.\\n1-5. Consider earning a master's degree.\\nMany companies do not require auditors to have a master's degree. However, some larger firms may desire an auditor with a master's degree. If you decide to pursue a master's degree, you'll want to find a program that specializes in accounting, economics, or finance.\\nIf you want to advance your career in the field of auditing, then you will need to become certified as a CIA (Certified Internal Auditor) or CPA (Certified Public Accountant). To earn a CIA certification, you will need to have a combination of education and experience. To earn a CPA certification, you will need 150 semester hours of coursework, which is equivalent to a 5-year accounting degree.\\n1-6. Try to learn a second language.\\nIt's not necessarily a requirement at all firms, but learning a second language will help set you apart from other auditors in the job market. If you decide you want to work for a government agency or work in an area that has a lot of bilingual speakers, learning a second language may actually be a requirement.\\nWhen choosing a second language to learn, focus on what would be most pragmatic for your field and your location. For example, if you plan to work in southern California, New Mexico, or Texas, being able to speak Spanish would be a valuable asset for most financial firms. If you want to work in a state in the northeastern United States, knowing French may be beneficial due to the close proximity to the Canadian border.\\n2. Getting Certified\\n2-1. Consider getting certified.\\nThough it is not a strict requirement to have certification prior to becoming an auditor, many larger organizations do want auditors who have certification. There are a number of different certification boards and processes, including Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Certified Government Auditing Professional (CGAP), and Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE).\\nOf all the types of certification, the CPA is generally considered the most credible and desirable for auditors to have. That credibility is important, given that auditors work with employees, managers, executives, and members of the board, as well as external agencies and representatives.\\nCPAs tend to make up to 10 percent more than non-CPAs, and typically have more job security.\\nBe aware that almost all states require CPAs to engage in some form of continuing education (called Continuing Professional Education) to maintain the CPA license. Most states follow the CPE standards of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), which is to earn 40 hours of CPE per year.\\n2-2. Ensure that you qualify.\\nThe National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) offers an Advisory Evaluation to ensure that all prospective candidates qualify to take the Uniform CPA Examination. The Advisory Evaluation determines whether a prospective candidate has sufficient educational preparation for the Uniform CPA Examination and provides guidance on areas of study that the candidate may need to improve prior to taking the Exam. The Advisory Evaluation is important, as each state has its own specific requirements, including requirements that govern a candidate's education level.\\nAfter passing the exam, some states mandate a minimum of one year of public accounting work experience before the CPA license will be granted. Other states permit different types of work experience to stand in for the minimum requirement.\\nCandidates who earned an education in the United States must submit a $100 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Not all NASBA jurisdictions offer the Advisory Evaluation. It is primarily offered in Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Utah, and Washington. If you do not live in a corresponding jurisdiction, you must contact the Board of Accountancy in your home state to determine where you can have the Advisory Evaluation performed. Keep in mind that Advisory Evaluation is optional. Check your state’s requirements for obtaining a CPA license to determine if you need to do this.\\nCandidates who earned an education through an international institution must submit a $200 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Contact your local Board of Accountancy to have the Advisory Evaluation performed. This report is used for professional examination and licensure by the Boards of Accountancy.\\n2-3. Understand the Exam structure.\\nThe exam consists of four separate sections: Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR), Regulation (REG), and Business Environment and Concepts (BEC). The AUD and FAR sections take four hours each, and the REG and BEC sections take up to three hours each. Each section is graded on a scale from zero to 99, with a minimum score of 75 required in order to pass.\\nContent and Skill Specification Outlines (CSOs/SSOs) address the content covered in each section of the Exam, and are available online at the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) website.\\n2-4. Study for the Exam.\\nThe Exam is rather extensive in both the scope of material covered and the time it takes to prepare for and take the Exam. Most candidates spend approximately 500 hours total studying for the Uniform CPA Exam, though the total study time will, of course, vary from one person to another. Many candidates choose to take a CPA preparation class through local or national institutions, while others prefer to study alone. If you do study on your own, plan on studying for one to three hours every day for several months leading up to each section of the Exam. You may be eligible for a CPA prep class as an intern or new hire, and you may even receive bonus for passing the exam the first time you take it.\\nThe FAR section covers planning and reviewing, internal controls, obtaining and making records of information, and preparing communications between auditor/accountant and the organization. This section is generally considered the most difficult, and generally takes up to 180 hours of planning and studying to adequately prepare.\\nThe AUD section is difficult, but generally considered easier if taken after the FAR section. The AUD covers the standards of financial statements, the content required within a financial statement, and how to account and report for a variety of different employers. It typically takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.\\nThe REG section addresses ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and tax and accounting procedures. It also takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.\\nThe BEC section is generally considered one of the easiest of the four sections. It addresses business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology. The BEC is multiple-choice in format and takes upwards of 100 hours of planning and studying to prepare for the Exam.\\n2-5. Schedule and take the Exam.\\nThe Exam is administered by Prometric and is offered eight months out of the year: January and February, April and May, July and August, and October and November. It can be taken at one of over 300 test centers across the United States, and internationally in Bahrain, Brazil, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates.\\nThe AICPA recommends scheduling each test session a minimum of 45 days before the Exam.\\nThe NASBA charges a total of $729.08 to take all four sections of the Exam. There is also an initial application fee that applies to all first-time candidates, and that fee ranges from $30 to $200, depending on where the candidate resides and will be taking the Exam.\\nThe four sections of the Exam do not have to be taken at once. This would be exceedingly difficult, given the amount of preparation time required for each section. However, most states require candidates to take and successfully pass all remaining sections within 18 months of passing the first section.\\n2-6. Pay your annual dues.\\nHaving a membership with the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) is recommended, but it is optional. To maintain your membership, you must pay annual dues to the AICPA. The amount of a member's dues vary depending on the level of membership and the CPA's primary industry. For regular members, the dues requirements are as follows:\\nPublic accounting, law, and consulting partner/shareholder/owner/sole practitioner - $465\\nPublic accounting, law, and consulting staff - $275\\nBusiness and industry president/CEO/COO/CFO/officer - $465\\nBusiness and industry management/staff/internal auditor - $275\\nEducation faculty/administration - $275\\nGovernment employee at the federal/state/local/international level - $275\\n2-7. Maintain continuing education requirements.\\nIf you've earned your CPA certification, you'll need to engage in Continuing Professional Education (CPE) every year. It is recommended that CPAs document all relevant CPE experience to keep track of their progress. The reporting period for having met the CPE requirements begins January 1 of each year.\\nIn most states, you will need to abide by the CPE requirements of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). These requirements state that members must earn 120 hours (minimum of 20 hours per year) over a rolling three-year renewal period.\\nCollege courses count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of semester hours by 15, or if the college uses the quarter system, multiplying the number of quarter hours by 10.\\nA number of professional associations offer programs that count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of continuing education units taken through that association by 10.\\nFor programs that do not have a predetermined number of hours, the number of relevant CPE hours is determined by dividing the number of minutes actually spent in the program by 50.\\nCPE hours are documented by keeping track of the class or program's sponsor, the title and description of the class/program's content, the dates and location of that class/program, and the number of CPE contact hours earned from that class or program.\\nYou will be required to submit all of your certificates and other documentation verifying that you have obtained the required 120 hours of CPE. You will also need to total these hours by category.\\n3. Working as an Auditor\\n3-1. Embody the desired qualities.\\nThough each firm's needs may be slightly different, there are some general skills and characteristics that are deemed desirable for auditors to have. Those qualities and skills include:\\nstrong personal and professional ethics\\nA close attention to detail\\nAnalytical skills\\nCommunication skills\\nInterpersonal skills\\nMath skills\\nOrganizational skills\\nProfessional skepticism\\n3-2. Choose your desired industry.\\nThere are many industries in which an auditor may work. Auditors typically work alone in an office, though some work at home or on teams with other auditors and accountants. The primary industries auditors work in are, in descending order of employment percentages:\\nAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services\\nFinance and insurance\\nCompany or enterprise management\\nManufacturing\\n3-3. Write a strong resume.\\nProspective auditors looking for jobs will need to put together a strong resume. Some basic resume guidelines apply, such as using a standard 8.5 by 11 inch piece of paper with a simple, easy to read font (like Times New Roman). But there are some specific attributes that a prospective auditor should include in a resume. These include:\\nListing relevant coursework, including any classes that taught skills which were not derived from previous employment experience\\nShowing quantifiable results from your past work experience - for example, detailing how much of an organization's operating budget did you control, how much overtime pay your cost-reducing initiatives saved, or how much (in percentage) company productivity increased after your employment\\nEmphasizing how, specifically, your degree sets your education apart from other candidates' educational backgrounds\\nUsing relevant industry terms and phrases\\nDetailing your achievements and accomplishments\\n3-4. Search for auditor jobs.\\nThere are many resources available online for an auditor seeking employment. In addition to traditional job websites like Indeed and Monster, there are a number of professional organizations for auditors that post job announcements online. The AICPA offers a number of career resources through their website, including career opportunities at the AICPA and the Official Job Board of the AICPA.\\n3-5. Prepare for an interview.\\nThe financial world is much more fast-paced and driven than many other public sector jobs, and auditing is no exception. Many employers want to ensure that entry-level employees fresh out of school will be able to withstand the stressful work environment. To prepare for the interview, you should be well-versed in financial news and capable of handling stressful situations, all of which may be tested at some point during the pre-employment interview.\\nRead financial publications, and be prepared to talk about those publications. Some experts recommend reading The Wall Street Journal and Financial Times to gain a general knowledge of current events and issues relevant to the financial industry.\\nBrush up on financial concepts. The employer conducting the interview may quiz you on your knowledge of relevant concepts and your ability to make hypothetical decisions based on core concepts and financial models.\\nBe prepared to prove your math skills during the interview. Not every employer will expect you to perform calculations during the interview, but it's not unheard of in the financial world.\\nAsk your own thought-provoking questions. To do this, you may need to conduct a little research into the company's history, business model, and business practices. Don't ask \\\"gotcha\\\" questions, just form a sincere inquiry that will show that you've researched the company and have a genuine interest in learning more about it.\\n3-6. Make professional connections.\\nNetworking is an important part of any career, and auditing is no exception. As you build your resume and seek out new employment opportunities, it's important that you remain aware of your professional network to grow and maintain your circle of connections.\\nExpand your group of professional connections to include both superiors and inferiors. Your peers are a good start, but a diverse network of connections is important in any job search.\\nAlways carry business cards. You never know when you might meet a potential connection, including at social events.\\nBe honest and upfront about what you're looking for professionally, and what you need your connections to do. If you need a recommendation, ask for one. If you need someone to set up an interview, see if anyone can help you with that.\\nAlways thank people for their time and assistance. Whether it's a prospective employer who granted you an interview, a former employer who gave you a glowing recommendation, or a professional contact who gave you a tip on an upcoming job announcement, always show your gratitude to everyone in your professional network. And any time you can, offer to help others out who are a part of your network.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An auditor is responsible for reviewing an organization's financial information and assess the company's internal controls to prevent theft and data manipulation. Auditors and accountants perform similar duties. However, while an accountant might prepare financial statements, an auditor's job is to evaluate those financial statements and report back to the organization. Auditors need a particular set of skills, education, and experience. Learning how to become an auditor can help get you started in this lucrative and rewarding career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earning an Education in Auditing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take relevant high school courses.\", \"描述\": \"If you're interested in pursuing a career as an auditor, it may be helpful to take relevant courses in high school. This can help prepare you for future college-level course work, and may also help you determine if auditing is, in fact, something you want to make a career out of. Relevant courses that may be offered in high school include:\\nAccounting\\nAdvanced mathematics coursework\\nEconomics\\nFinance\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to college\", \"描述\": \"In order to become an auditor, you'll need a college education. Most companies and organizations require at least a bachelor's degree, while some prefer applicants who have gone on to earn a master's degree. Some employers will hire graduates who hold an associate's degree, but these candidates must have extensive bookkeeping and accounting experience. Candidates who hold an associate's degree are typically hired as junior accountants, and must work their way up to more advanced accounting or auditing positions. Typically, though, to pursue a career as an auditor, you will need a bachelor's degree.\\nMany auditors major in accounting or a related field. However, some colleges offer highly-specialized majors like internal auditing for prospective auditors.\\nIf you cannot find a college program in auditing, pursue a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or economics.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in an internship.\", \"描述\": \"Internships are not required, but they provide great hands-on experience and may help you make connections in the industry. You can find internships by searching for auditor or accountant internships in your area, or by seeking out internship opportunities through specific employers like the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.\\nConsider doing an internship over the summer when you're not in school.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Graduate from college.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you intend to pursue a master's degree after graduation or directly enter the workforce, you'll need to do well in college and earn a bachelor's degree. Most bachelor's degrees can be earned in four years or fewer, while some programs may offer a joint bachelor's and master's degree that can be earned in a five or six year period.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider earning a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Many companies do not require auditors to have a master's degree. However, some larger firms may desire an auditor with a master's degree. If you decide to pursue a master's degree, you'll want to find a program that specializes in accounting, economics, or finance.\\nIf you want to advance your career in the field of auditing, then you will need to become certified as a CIA (Certified Internal Auditor) or CPA (Certified Public Accountant). To earn a CIA certification, you will need to have a combination of education and experience. To earn a CPA certification, you will need 150 semester hours of coursework, which is equivalent to a 5-year accounting degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try to learn a second language.\", \"描述\": \"It's not necessarily a requirement at all firms, but learning a second language will help set you apart from other auditors in the job market. If you decide you want to work for a government agency or work in an area that has a lot of bilingual speakers, learning a second language may actually be a requirement.\\nWhen choosing a second language to learn, focus on what would be most pragmatic for your field and your location. For example, if you plan to work in southern California, New Mexico, or Texas, being able to speak Spanish would be a valuable asset for most financial firms. If you want to work in a state in the northeastern United States, knowing French may be beneficial due to the close proximity to the Canadian border.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider getting certified.\", \"描述\": \"Though it is not a strict requirement to have certification prior to becoming an auditor, many larger organizations do want auditors who have certification. There are a number of different certification boards and processes, including Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Certified Government Auditing Professional (CGAP), and Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE).\\nOf all the types of certification, the CPA is generally considered the most credible and desirable for auditors to have. That credibility is important, given that auditors work with employees, managers, executives, and members of the board, as well as external agencies and representatives.\\nCPAs tend to make up to 10 percent more than non-CPAs, and typically have more job security.\\nBe aware that almost all states require CPAs to engage in some form of continuing education (called Continuing Professional Education) to maintain the CPA license. Most states follow the CPE standards of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), which is to earn 40 hours of CPE per year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ensure that you qualify.\", \"描述\": \"The National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) offers an Advisory Evaluation to ensure that all prospective candidates qualify to take the Uniform CPA Examination. The Advisory Evaluation determines whether a prospective candidate has sufficient educational preparation for the Uniform CPA Examination and provides guidance on areas of study that the candidate may need to improve prior to taking the Exam. The Advisory Evaluation is important, as each state has its own specific requirements, including requirements that govern a candidate's education level.\\nAfter passing the exam, some states mandate a minimum of one year of public accounting work experience before the CPA license will be granted. Other states permit different types of work experience to stand in for the minimum requirement.\\nCandidates who earned an education in the United States must submit a $100 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Not all NASBA jurisdictions offer the Advisory Evaluation. It is primarily offered in Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Utah, and Washington. If you do not live in a corresponding jurisdiction, you must contact the Board of Accountancy in your home state to determine where you can have the Advisory Evaluation performed. Keep in mind that Advisory Evaluation is optional. Check your state’s requirements for obtaining a CPA license to determine if you need to do this.\\nCandidates who earned an education through an international institution must submit a $200 fee and an official copy of all college transcripts for the Advisory Evaluation. Contact your local Board of Accountancy to have the Advisory Evaluation performed. This report is used for professional examination and licensure by the Boards of Accountancy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the Exam structure.\", \"描述\": \"The exam consists of four separate sections: Auditing and Attestation (AUD), Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR), Regulation (REG), and Business Environment and Concepts (BEC). The AUD and FAR sections take four hours each, and the REG and BEC sections take up to three hours each. Each section is graded on a scale from zero to 99, with a minimum score of 75 required in order to pass.\\nContent and Skill Specification Outlines (CSOs/SSOs) address the content covered in each section of the Exam, and are available online at the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) website.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study for the Exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Exam is rather extensive in both the scope of material covered and the time it takes to prepare for and take the Exam. Most candidates spend approximately 500 hours total studying for the Uniform CPA Exam, though the total study time will, of course, vary from one person to another. Many candidates choose to take a CPA preparation class through local or national institutions, while others prefer to study alone. If you do study on your own, plan on studying for one to three hours every day for several months leading up to each section of the Exam. You may be eligible for a CPA prep class as an intern or new hire, and you may even receive bonus for passing the exam the first time you take it.\\nThe FAR section covers planning and reviewing, internal controls, obtaining and making records of information, and preparing communications between auditor/accountant and the organization. This section is generally considered the most difficult, and generally takes up to 180 hours of planning and studying to adequately prepare.\\nThe AUD section is difficult, but generally considered easier if taken after the FAR section. The AUD covers the standards of financial statements, the content required within a financial statement, and how to account and report for a variety of different employers. It typically takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.\\nThe REG section addresses ethics and professional responsibility, business law, and tax and accounting procedures. It also takes approximately 130 hours of planning and study time.\\nThe BEC section is generally considered one of the easiest of the four sections. It addresses business structure, economic concepts, financial management, and information technology. The BEC is multiple-choice in format and takes upwards of 100 hours of planning and studying to prepare for the Exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Schedule and take the Exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Exam is administered by Prometric and is offered eight months out of the year: January and February, April and May, July and August, and October and November. It can be taken at one of over 300 test centers across the United States, and internationally in Bahrain, Brazil, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates.\\nThe AICPA recommends scheduling each test session a minimum of 45 days before the Exam.\\nThe NASBA charges a total of $729.08 to take all four sections of the Exam. There is also an initial application fee that applies to all first-time candidates, and that fee ranges from $30 to $200, depending on where the candidate resides and will be taking the Exam.\\nThe four sections of the Exam do not have to be taken at once. This would be exceedingly difficult, given the amount of preparation time required for each section. However, most states require candidates to take and successfully pass all remaining sections within 18 months of passing the first section.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pay your annual dues.\", \"描述\": \"Having a membership with the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) is recommended, but it is optional. To maintain your membership, you must pay annual dues to the AICPA. The amount of a member's dues vary depending on the level of membership and the CPA's primary industry. For regular members, the dues requirements are as follows:\\nPublic accounting, law, and consulting partner/shareholder/owner/sole practitioner - $465\\nPublic accounting, law, and consulting staff - $275\\nBusiness and industry president/CEO/COO/CFO/officer - $465\\nBusiness and industry management/staff/internal auditor - $275\\nEducation faculty/administration - $275\\nGovernment employee at the federal/state/local/international level - $275\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Maintain continuing education requirements.\", \"描述\": \"If you've earned your CPA certification, you'll need to engage in Continuing Professional Education (CPE) every year. It is recommended that CPAs document all relevant CPE experience to keep track of their progress. The reporting period for having met the CPE requirements begins January 1 of each year.\\nIn most states, you will need to abide by the CPE requirements of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). These requirements state that members must earn 120 hours (minimum of 20 hours per year) over a rolling three-year renewal period.\\nCollege courses count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of semester hours by 15, or if the college uses the quarter system, multiplying the number of quarter hours by 10.\\nA number of professional associations offer programs that count towards CPE hours. The number of relevant CPE hours is determined by multiplying the number of continuing education units taken through that association by 10.\\nFor programs that do not have a predetermined number of hours, the number of relevant CPE hours is determined by dividing the number of minutes actually spent in the program by 50.\\nCPE hours are documented by keeping track of the class or program's sponsor, the title and description of the class/program's content, the dates and location of that class/program, and the number of CPE contact hours earned from that class or program.\\nYou will be required to submit all of your certificates and other documentation verifying that you have obtained the required 120 hours of CPE. You will also need to total these hours by category.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Working as an Auditor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Embody the desired qualities.\", \"描述\": \"Though each firm's needs may be slightly different, there are some general skills and characteristics that are deemed desirable for auditors to have. Those qualities and skills include:\\nstrong personal and professional ethics\\nA close attention to detail\\nAnalytical skills\\nCommunication skills\\nInterpersonal skills\\nMath skills\\nOrganizational skills\\nProfessional skepticism\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose your desired industry.\", \"描述\": \"There are many industries in which an auditor may work. Auditors typically work alone in an office, though some work at home or on teams with other auditors and accountants. The primary industries auditors work in are, in descending order of employment percentages:\\nAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services\\nFinance and insurance\\nCompany or enterprise management\\nManufacturing\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write a strong resume.\", \"描述\": \"Prospective auditors looking for jobs will need to put together a strong resume. Some basic resume guidelines apply, such as using a standard 8.5 by 11 inch piece of paper with a simple, easy to read font (like Times New Roman). But there are some specific attributes that a prospective auditor should include in a resume. These include:\\nListing relevant coursework, including any classes that taught skills which were not derived from previous employment experience\\nShowing quantifiable results from your past work experience - for example, detailing how much of an organization's operating budget did you control, how much overtime pay your cost-reducing initiatives saved, or how much (in percentage) company productivity increased after your employment\\nEmphasizing how, specifically, your degree sets your education apart from other candidates' educational backgrounds\\nUsing relevant industry terms and phrases\\nDetailing your achievements and accomplishments\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Search for auditor jobs.\", \"描述\": \"There are many resources available online for an auditor seeking employment. In addition to traditional job websites like Indeed and Monster, there are a number of professional organizations for auditors that post job announcements online. The AICPA offers a number of career resources through their website, including career opportunities at the AICPA and the Official Job Board of the AICPA.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare for an interview.\", \"描述\": \"The financial world is much more fast-paced and driven than many other public sector jobs, and auditing is no exception. Many employers want to ensure that entry-level employees fresh out of school will be able to withstand the stressful work environment. To prepare for the interview, you should be well-versed in financial news and capable of handling stressful situations, all of which may be tested at some point during the pre-employment interview.\\nRead financial publications, and be prepared to talk about those publications. Some experts recommend reading The Wall Street Journal and Financial Times to gain a general knowledge of current events and issues relevant to the financial industry.\\nBrush up on financial concepts. The employer conducting the interview may quiz you on your knowledge of relevant concepts and your ability to make hypothetical decisions based on core concepts and financial models.\\nBe prepared to prove your math skills during the interview. Not every employer will expect you to perform calculations during the interview, but it's not unheard of in the financial world.\\nAsk your own thought-provoking questions. To do this, you may need to conduct a little research into the company's history, business model, and business practices. Don't ask \\\"gotcha\\\" questions, just form a sincere inquiry that will show that you've researched the company and have a genuine interest in learning more about it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make professional connections.\", \"描述\": \"Networking is an important part of any career, and auditing is no exception. As you build your resume and seek out new employment opportunities, it's important that you remain aware of your professional network to grow and maintain your circle of connections.\\nExpand your group of professional connections to include both superiors and inferiors. Your peers are a good start, but a diverse network of connections is important in any job search.\\nAlways carry business cards. You never know when you might meet a potential connection, including at social events.\\nBe honest and upfront about what you're looking for professionally, and what you need your connections to do. If you need a recommendation, ask for one. If you need someone to set up an interview, see if anyone can help you with that.\\nAlways thank people for their time and assistance. Whether it's a prospective employer who granted you an interview, a former employer who gave you a glowing recommendation, or a professional contact who gave you a tip on an upcoming job announcement, always show your gratitude to everyone in your professional network. And any time you can, offer to help others out who are a part of your network.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,958 |
How to Become an Author As a Teen
|
1. Steps
1-1. Get an idea.
Any idea you get, jot it down quickly on some paper. It is good to consider keeping a small agenda that you can take everywhere with you, in case you get an idea. You never know when or how you will be inspired. It can be at the mall as well as at a school dance.
1-2. Try making a plot out of it.
Just a basic, general view of the story. If you get several ideas and want them to happen in a certain order in your book, write it down in your agenda.
1-3. Come up with your characters and their identity:
full name and profession. You might add them a physical description or not but it is better if you do. Not a too detailed description though, otherwise the reader won't have much to imagine.
1-4. Sit down on your computer, in a reasonably calm environment otherwise you won't be able to concentrate and will get distracted easily.
Open a fresh page and let the words come to you. Now that you have your plot, let your characters come to life.
1-5. Try writing at least 1000 words everyday.
If you are blocked try to get inspiration or just do a brainstorm on a paper. That usually helps a lot. Write with no worries of the amount of words or the grammar. Just focus on writing.
1-6. Edit.
Once your story is finished are you are satisfied with the plot (this usually takes months, sometimes years depending on the length of your story), edit. Correct all spelling and grammar mistakes, using the option you have for this on your word processor. However, don't fall into the mistakes these programs often make. Then read your story, changing all the sentences that you don't like. Polish your story over and over and over until you can no longer make it better.
1-7. You may stop at step 6 if you were writing for fun or as a hobby.
If you want to publish your story, you must make sure first, that your story is as perfect as it can be. The publisher won't take interest in your story if it isn't as good as it can be. Remember that age had nothing to do with your chances of getting published. If your story is good, then you have more chance than an adult who's story isn't as well written as yours. Of course you'll need your parent/guardian to accept your story getting published.
1-8. Either find a literary agent or send your story directly to the publisher.
Find out first what the publisher wants. Some only want a synopsis, others the first few chapters... Publishers won't look at your story if it isn't presented the way they want it to be. Remember that they get thousands of works everyday from people just like you.
It is better to have a literary agent, because they know what they are doing as it is their job to find a publisher that will accept your story and help you improve it.
If you decide to go with a regular publisher, accept that you won't earn as much money. However, the benefit of this option is more marketing. Be sure you don't submit your book to scams. Research, research, research!
Get your book on Amazon. This is essential. Just being able to say "search my book up on Amazon" is easier than sharing the name of the publisher, their website, AND your book's name.
1-9. If a publisher doesn't accept your story, don't give up.
Send your story to many publishers and try improving your story as much as you can. And no matter how many rejection letters you get, don't give up. Even the best books get rejected dozens of times before publication.
Tips
Don't forget to keep an agenda or small notebook with you all the time.
Have a friend or a family member read your story when it is finished and tell you what needs improvement.
ALWAYS enjoy yourself when writing.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Get an idea.\\nAny idea you get, jot it down quickly on some paper. It is good to consider keeping a small agenda that you can take everywhere with you, in case you get an idea. You never know when or how you will be inspired. It can be at the mall as well as at a school dance.\\n1-2. Try making a plot out of it.\\nJust a basic, general view of the story. If you get several ideas and want them to happen in a certain order in your book, write it down in your agenda.\\n1-3. Come up with your characters and their identity:\\nfull name and profession. You might add them a physical description or not but it is better if you do. Not a too detailed description though, otherwise the reader won't have much to imagine.\\n1-4. Sit down on your computer, in a reasonably calm environment otherwise you won't be able to concentrate and will get distracted easily.\\nOpen a fresh page and let the words come to you. Now that you have your plot, let your characters come to life.\\n1-5. Try writing at least 1000 words everyday.\\nIf you are blocked try to get inspiration or just do a brainstorm on a paper. That usually helps a lot. Write with no worries of the amount of words or the grammar. Just focus on writing.\\n1-6. Edit.\\nOnce your story is finished are you are satisfied with the plot (this usually takes months, sometimes years depending on the length of your story), edit. Correct all spelling and grammar mistakes, using the option you have for this on your word processor. However, don't fall into the mistakes these programs often make. Then read your story, changing all the sentences that you don't like. Polish your story over and over and over until you can no longer make it better.\\n1-7. You may stop at step 6 if you were writing for fun or as a hobby.\\nIf you want to publish your story, you must make sure first, that your story is as perfect as it can be. The publisher won't take interest in your story if it isn't as good as it can be. Remember that age had nothing to do with your chances of getting published. If your story is good, then you have more chance than an adult who's story isn't as well written as yours. Of course you'll need your parent/guardian to accept your story getting published.\\n1-8. Either find a literary agent or send your story directly to the publisher.\\nFind out first what the publisher wants. Some only want a synopsis, others the first few chapters... Publishers won't look at your story if it isn't presented the way they want it to be. Remember that they get thousands of works everyday from people just like you.\\nIt is better to have a literary agent, because they know what they are doing as it is their job to find a publisher that will accept your story and help you improve it.\\nIf you decide to go with a regular publisher, accept that you won't earn as much money. However, the benefit of this option is more marketing. Be sure you don't submit your book to scams. Research, research, research!\\nGet your book on Amazon. This is essential. Just being able to say \\\"search my book up on Amazon\\\" is easier than sharing the name of the publisher, their website, AND your book's name.\\n1-9. If a publisher doesn't accept your story, don't give up.\\nSend your story to many publishers and try improving your story as much as you can. And no matter how many rejection letters you get, don't give up. Even the best books get rejected dozens of times before publication.\\nTips\\nDon't forget to keep an agenda or small notebook with you all the time.\\nHave a friend or a family member read your story when it is finished and tell you what needs improvement.\\nALWAYS enjoy yourself when writing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"All of us have a dream. Something we enjoy doing. Writing can be a hobby, unless you want to go professional. Don't worry, it's not as difficult as it sounds. All you need is skill, imagination, and dedication, and you are ready to go.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an idea.\", \"描述\": \"Any idea you get, jot it down quickly on some paper. It is good to consider keeping a small agenda that you can take everywhere with you, in case you get an idea. You never know when or how you will be inspired. It can be at the mall as well as at a school dance.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try making a plot out of it.\", \"描述\": \"Just a basic, general view of the story. If you get several ideas and want them to happen in a certain order in your book, write it down in your agenda.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Come up with your characters and their identity:\", \"描述\": \"full name and profession. You might add them a physical description or not but it is better if you do. Not a too detailed description though, otherwise the reader won't have much to imagine.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sit down on your computer, in a reasonably calm environment otherwise you won't be able to concentrate and will get distracted easily.\", \"描述\": \"Open a fresh page and let the words come to you. Now that you have your plot, let your characters come to life.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try writing at least 1000 words everyday.\", \"描述\": \"If you are blocked try to get inspiration or just do a brainstorm on a paper. That usually helps a lot. Write with no worries of the amount of words or the grammar. Just focus on writing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Edit.\", \"描述\": \"Once your story is finished are you are satisfied with the plot (this usually takes months, sometimes years depending on the length of your story), edit. Correct all spelling and grammar mistakes, using the option you have for this on your word processor. However, don't fall into the mistakes these programs often make. Then read your story, changing all the sentences that you don't like. Polish your story over and over and over until you can no longer make it better.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"You may stop at step 6 if you were writing for fun or as a hobby.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to publish your story, you must make sure first, that your story is as perfect as it can be. The publisher won't take interest in your story if it isn't as good as it can be. Remember that age had nothing to do with your chances of getting published. If your story is good, then you have more chance than an adult who's story isn't as well written as yours. Of course you'll need your parent/guardian to accept your story getting published.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Either find a literary agent or send your story directly to the publisher.\", \"描述\": \"Find out first what the publisher wants. Some only want a synopsis, others the first few chapters... Publishers won't look at your story if it isn't presented the way they want it to be. Remember that they get thousands of works everyday from people just like you.\\nIt is better to have a literary agent, because they know what they are doing as it is their job to find a publisher that will accept your story and help you improve it.\\nIf you decide to go with a regular publisher, accept that you won't earn as much money. However, the benefit of this option is more marketing. Be sure you don't submit your book to scams. Research, research, research!\\nGet your book on Amazon. This is essential. Just being able to say \\\"search my book up on Amazon\\\" is easier than sharing the name of the publisher, their website, AND your book's name.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"If a publisher doesn't accept your story, don't give up.\", \"描述\": \"Send your story to many publishers and try improving your story as much as you can. And no matter how many rejection letters you get, don't give up. Even the best books get rejected dozens of times before publication.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't forget to keep an agenda or small notebook with you all the time.\\n\", \"Have a friend or a family member read your story when it is finished and tell you what needs improvement.\\n\", \"ALWAYS enjoy yourself when writing.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,959 |
How to Become an Authorized Shipping Outlet for UPS
|
1. Applying as an ASO
1-1. Run a franchise for Pak Mail, Annex Brands, or PostNet.
You might be able to become an ASO if you run a store for one of these 3 franchises. These stores have franchise national account contracts with UPS as Authorized Shipping Outlets.
This store must be your primary business and have a customer counter so you can receive packages. UPS requires that your store has regular hours of operation on weekdays (Monday through Friday). You may decide if you are open on Saturdays.
1-2. Meet the UPS eligibility requirements.
In addition to managing one of the approved franchises, you must provide packing services and help to customers. Additionally, provide UPS packing materials at no cost and accept UPS packages at no charge.
You'll also need a calibrated scale that measures at least 100 pounds (45 kg).
1-3. Send an email application to [email protected].
To apply to become an ASO, send your contact information to the UPS so they can review it. Include your full name and the name of your retail store. Also, list your store's address, phone number, fax number, and email address.
After reviewing your eligibility and application, UPS will contact you to let you know if your application was approved and advise you of the next steps.
2. Registering as a UPS Access Point
2-1. Apply to become a UPS Access Point online.
If you already operate a retail packing and shipping business, you can register as a UPS Access Point via the Access Point Candidate System. Go to https://apcsext.ups.com/apcs-ext/accessPointRegistration.do?locale=en_US and click "Apply Now."
Fill out the form with your contact information, shop type, accepted payments, and store hours. Be sure to submit the application when you've filled in all of the required information.
You don't need an online store to become a UPS Access Point.
Contact UPS directly with any questions about the application process.
2-2. Download the UPS Scanning APP.
You need an Android device with Android 6 or later, or an Apple device with iOs 8, an iPhone 7, or an iPad 5 or later to download the app.
2-3. Receive training and support from UPS.
UPS makes becoming and maintaining an Access Point easy. They will provide training to you and your staff to get the Access Point up and running. Furthermore, they will equip your business with the necessary technology and support to ensure that you can fulfill your UPS Access Point responsibilities.
2-4. Accept packages from UPS customers and drivers.
People sending packages through UPS will also be able to leave these items at your Access Point. These will include new packages assembled by the sender, as well as returns. UPS drivers will collect these whenever they stop at the Access Point.
You'll also accept parcels and packages from UPS drivers and store them at your location so UPS customers can come and pick up their packages at their convenience.
3. Becoming a UPS Authorized Service Provider
3-1. Fill out a Partnership Qualifying Form.
Package Express Centers (PEC) provides a one-page questionnaire to help determine your business’s eligibility to open a UPS Authorized Service Provider. Go to https://www.packageexpresscenters.com/form and input all of the required information.
Fill in details such as your contact information, information about your store including the size and business hours, your annual sales, the average number of customers you serve daily, and all other required fields.
After submitting the form, an account manager from PEC will evaluate whether or not a UPS Authorized Service Provider would be viable at your location.
3-2. Contact Package Express Centers directly with questions.
The PEC website includes a contact page with several options. Fill out a form to contact them via their website, call PEC is to call 1-800-274-4732, or email [email protected].
Additional contact information will be provided to you for support once your UPS Authorized Service Provider begins operation.
3-3. Recognize that PEC will manage your Authorized Service Provider.
Essentially, Package Express Centers has teamed up with UPS to manage in-store UPS Authorized Service Providers. Consider PEC to be your proxy to UPS. PEC will not only review your application, but they will also guide you through the implementation process of a Authorized Service Provider if your business is deemed eligible.
As an independent retailer, you will receive support mostly from PEC.
PEC’s primary role will be increasing traffic to your store. They do this by providing almost everything you need.
Specifically, PEC will provide UPS certified software and signs, hardware, training, marketing material, and round-the-clock live support.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying as an ASO\\n1-1. Run a franchise for Pak Mail, Annex Brands, or PostNet.\\nYou might be able to become an ASO if you run a store for one of these 3 franchises. These stores have franchise national account contracts with UPS as Authorized Shipping Outlets.\\nThis store must be your primary business and have a customer counter so you can receive packages. UPS requires that your store has regular hours of operation on weekdays (Monday through Friday). You may decide if you are open on Saturdays.\\n1-2. Meet the UPS eligibility requirements.\\nIn addition to managing one of the approved franchises, you must provide packing services and help to customers. Additionally, provide UPS packing materials at no cost and accept UPS packages at no charge.\\nYou'll also need a calibrated scale that measures at least 100 pounds (45 kg).\\n1-3. Send an email application to [email protected].\\nTo apply to become an ASO, send your contact information to the UPS so they can review it. Include your full name and the name of your retail store. Also, list your store's address, phone number, fax number, and email address.\\nAfter reviewing your eligibility and application, UPS will contact you to let you know if your application was approved and advise you of the next steps.\\n2. Registering as a UPS Access Point\\n2-1. Apply to become a UPS Access Point online.\\nIf you already operate a retail packing and shipping business, you can register as a UPS Access Point via the Access Point Candidate System. Go to https://apcsext.ups.com/apcs-ext/accessPointRegistration.do?locale=en_US and click \\\"Apply Now.\\\"\\nFill out the form with your contact information, shop type, accepted payments, and store hours. Be sure to submit the application when you've filled in all of the required information.\\nYou don't need an online store to become a UPS Access Point.\\nContact UPS directly with any questions about the application process.\\n2-2. Download the UPS Scanning APP.\\nYou need an Android device with Android 6 or later, or an Apple device with iOs 8, an iPhone 7, or an iPad 5 or later to download the app.\\n2-3. Receive training and support from UPS.\\nUPS makes becoming and maintaining an Access Point easy. They will provide training to you and your staff to get the Access Point up and running. Furthermore, they will equip your business with the necessary technology and support to ensure that you can fulfill your UPS Access Point responsibilities.\\n2-4. Accept packages from UPS customers and drivers.\\nPeople sending packages through UPS will also be able to leave these items at your Access Point. These will include new packages assembled by the sender, as well as returns. UPS drivers will collect these whenever they stop at the Access Point.\\nYou'll also accept parcels and packages from UPS drivers and store them at your location so UPS customers can come and pick up their packages at their convenience.\\n3. Becoming a UPS Authorized Service Provider\\n3-1. Fill out a Partnership Qualifying Form.\\nPackage Express Centers (PEC) provides a one-page questionnaire to help determine your business’s eligibility to open a UPS Authorized Service Provider. Go to https://www.packageexpresscenters.com/form and input all of the required information.\\nFill in details such as your contact information, information about your store including the size and business hours, your annual sales, the average number of customers you serve daily, and all other required fields.\\nAfter submitting the form, an account manager from PEC will evaluate whether or not a UPS Authorized Service Provider would be viable at your location.\\n3-2. Contact Package Express Centers directly with questions.\\nThe PEC website includes a contact page with several options. Fill out a form to contact them via their website, call PEC is to call 1-800-274-4732, or email [email protected].\\nAdditional contact information will be provided to you for support once your UPS Authorized Service Provider begins operation.\\n3-3. Recognize that PEC will manage your Authorized Service Provider.\\nEssentially, Package Express Centers has teamed up with UPS to manage in-store UPS Authorized Service Providers. Consider PEC to be your proxy to UPS. PEC will not only review your application, but they will also guide you through the implementation process of a Authorized Service Provider if your business is deemed eligible. \\nAs an independent retailer, you will receive support mostly from PEC.\\nPEC’s primary role will be increasing traffic to your store. They do this by providing almost everything you need.\\nSpecifically, PEC will provide UPS certified software and signs, hardware, training, marketing material, and round-the-clock live support.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to handle packages for UPS, one way is to become an Authorized Shipping Outlet (ASO). We can help you do this, or we'll walk you through one of the alternatives if your business doesn't meet the ASO requirements.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying as an ASO\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Run a franchise for Pak Mail, Annex Brands, or PostNet.\", \"描述\": \"You might be able to become an ASO if you run a store for one of these 3 franchises. These stores have franchise national account contracts with UPS as Authorized Shipping Outlets.\\nThis store must be your primary business and have a customer counter so you can receive packages. UPS requires that your store has regular hours of operation on weekdays (Monday through Friday). You may decide if you are open on Saturdays.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meet the UPS eligibility requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to managing one of the approved franchises, you must provide packing services and help to customers. Additionally, provide UPS packing materials at no cost and accept UPS packages at no charge.\\nYou'll also need a calibrated scale that measures at least 100 pounds (45 kg).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Send an email application to [email protected].\", \"描述\": \"To apply to become an ASO, send your contact information to the UPS so they can review it. Include your full name and the name of your retail store. Also, list your store's address, phone number, fax number, and email address.\\nAfter reviewing your eligibility and application, UPS will contact you to let you know if your application was approved and advise you of the next steps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Registering as a UPS Access Point\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to become a UPS Access Point online.\", \"描述\": \"If you already operate a retail packing and shipping business, you can register as a UPS Access Point via the Access Point Candidate System. Go to https://apcsext.ups.com/apcs-ext/accessPointRegistration.do?locale=en_US and click \\\"Apply Now.\\\"\\nFill out the form with your contact information, shop type, accepted payments, and store hours. Be sure to submit the application when you've filled in all of the required information.\\nYou don't need an online store to become a UPS Access Point.\\nContact UPS directly with any questions about the application process.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Download the UPS Scanning APP.\", \"描述\": \"You need an Android device with Android 6 or later, or an Apple device with iOs 8, an iPhone 7, or an iPad 5 or later to download the app.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Receive training and support from UPS.\", \"描述\": \"UPS makes becoming and maintaining an Access Point easy. They will provide training to you and your staff to get the Access Point up and running. Furthermore, they will equip your business with the necessary technology and support to ensure that you can fulfill your UPS Access Point responsibilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Accept packages from UPS customers and drivers.\", \"描述\": \"People sending packages through UPS will also be able to leave these items at your Access Point. These will include new packages assembled by the sender, as well as returns. UPS drivers will collect these whenever they stop at the Access Point.\\nYou'll also accept parcels and packages from UPS drivers and store them at your location so UPS customers can come and pick up their packages at their convenience.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a UPS Authorized Service Provider\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fill out a Partnership Qualifying Form.\", \"描述\": \"Package Express Centers (PEC) provides a one-page questionnaire to help determine your business’s eligibility to open a UPS Authorized Service Provider. Go to https://www.packageexpresscenters.com/form and input all of the required information.\\nFill in details such as your contact information, information about your store including the size and business hours, your annual sales, the average number of customers you serve daily, and all other required fields.\\nAfter submitting the form, an account manager from PEC will evaluate whether or not a UPS Authorized Service Provider would be viable at your location.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contact Package Express Centers directly with questions.\", \"描述\": \"The PEC website includes a contact page with several options. Fill out a form to contact them via their website, call PEC is to call 1-800-274-4732, or email [email protected].\\nAdditional contact information will be provided to you for support once your UPS Authorized Service Provider begins operation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Recognize that PEC will manage your Authorized Service Provider.\", \"描述\": \"Essentially, Package Express Centers has teamed up with UPS to manage in-store UPS Authorized Service Providers. Consider PEC to be your proxy to UPS. PEC will not only review your application, but they will also guide you through the implementation process of a Authorized Service Provider if your business is deemed eligible. \\nAs an independent retailer, you will receive support mostly from PEC.\\nPEC’s primary role will be increasing traffic to your store. They do this by providing almost everything you need.\\nSpecifically, PEC will provide UPS certified software and signs, hardware, training, marketing material, and round-the-clock live support.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,960 |
How to Become an Auto Body Painter
|
1. Meeting Basic Requirements
1-1. Complete your high school diploma or GED.
Before you can begin your career as an auto body painter, most employers will require you to have graduated from high school or received your GED. If you have not yet done so, you might consider taking classes at a community center or community college to achieve this requirement.
You may be able to improve your chances of getting work as an auto body painter or make your transition into this role smoother by taking a high school shop or automotive class, if one is available to you.
Some high schools allow dual enrollment, which means you can take a class not offered at your school somewhere else. You'll have to inquire with a teacher or school counselor first, but you might be able to take a shop class at a community college your junior or senior year.
1-2. Get a license and maintain a clean driving record.
Auto body painters, in many situations, will be required to move the vehicles of customers. To do so legally, you'll need a license. Since you'll also be responsible for the care of expensive vehicles, many employers also desire a clean driving record as proof of your responsibility.
1-3. Familiarize yourself with manual transmissions.
Over the course of your career as an auto body painter, at some point you'll likely have to work on a manual transmission vehicle, also called a stick shift. Because of this, many employers require auto body painters to be able to drive both manual and automatic transmission cars.
You might be able to get a lesson in driving a stick shift from a family member or friend. Be patient when doing so. It may take you some time to get the hang of driving a manual.
1-4. Acquaint yourself with auto body painting responsibilities.
There are many other tasks you'll be expected to handle to prepare vehicles for painting. This could involve removing rust, dirt or debris from the surface you will be painting, filling in cavities or dents to create a smooth, even surface, and taping off boundaries for detail work.
You'll also need to be able to select the correct kinds of paint and equipment you'll need to use for a particular project. This information is often taught in courses on auto body repair/painting, or through on-the-job training.
1-5. Find a job related to auto body work.
This is a good way of getting a peek at the basics before trying to get a job as an auto body painter. Be attentive while you're on the job, and ask coworkers you are comfortable with questions about how the process works and the techniques that are used.
Many companies promote from within. If you start working the front desk of an auto paint shop and express interest in becoming a painter, you may be able to get trained in the position and transfer from your desk position.
You may be able to start off work with an auto body shop as an apprentice auto body painter. This will give you valuable, on-the-job training that you can mention in your resume and at interviews.
2. Getting a Job as an Auto Body Painter
2-1. Write your resume
In your resume, you'll want to highlight any experience you might have that's related to automotive work. This might involve working in a body shop, tinkering with classic cars as a hobby, or even artistic experience, like a degree in art or painting.
You may want to bring finished pictures of automotive work you've done in the past to any interviews you have to supplement your resume.
2-2. Network with people involved in the auto industry.
If you're into the automotive scene, it's likely you know other people who share your interest. These people may be able to tip you off about a job opening or refer you to an auto shop they work at or take their vehicles to.
Be clear and direct with your automotive friends when telling them you're looking for a job as an auto body painter.
You might connect with people involved in the automotive industry through networking sites like Facebook and LinkedIn.
2-3. Apply with local auto body paint shops.
You might wait until there is a posting online or in the newspaper for an open position as auto body painter, but this can result in wasted time. There's nothing wrong with putting in an application even if there are no openings.
Many companies keep resumes on file in case a position opens in the future. You may not be called back immediately for an interview, but that could happen eventually if your resume is on file.
2-4. Follow up with potential employers.
There may be many people applying for the same position you are. To set yourself apart from others and to express serious interest in the job, you should follow up your interview with a call politely inquiring about the status of your application.
3. Improving Your Odds of Getting the Job
3-1. Practice in your free time, if possible.
The professional equipment for auto body painting can be expensive, so you may not be able to afford the tools to do this on your own. If you do, however, you can get off-the-job experience painting or touching up the cars of friends and relatives.
You may be able to save up money to invest in auto body painting equipment of your own. Once you are experienced, you might even do your own auto body painting on the side for supplemental income.
3-2. Get certified or take a course in auto body painting.
Many trade schools and community colleges offer courses in auto body and paint technology. By completing a course or certification program, you'll become more desirable to potential employers.
Many community colleges and trade schools have open admissions policies, so there's little risk you'll be turned down unless the program is already at capacity.
3-3. Complete an associate's degree.
If you have little or no experience in the auto body field, receiving an associate's degree can improve your chances of being accepted as an apprentice or auto body painter's helper. Employers often look at further education as a sign that potential employees have the skills necessary to learn the trade.
An associate's degree in an automotive related field, like auto body collision repair, will be looked at more favorable than other degrees, but even one in an unrelated field will show you have the perseverance to learn new things.
3-4. Gain experience with the tools of the trade.
Hands-on experience with automotive related hand tools and other aspects of automotive work will also improve your chances of being chosen for a position as an auto body worker. This information can be added to your resume or included in your cover letter.
3-5. Become ASE certified.
The Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) offers a certificate program for automotive painters. You'll have to get some auto body painting experience,as the certification requires you to have at least 2 years of automotive painting experience or at least 1 year of training that meets ASE standards.
Obtaining the voluntary certification means passing a written examination. You must retake the examination approximately every 5 years to keep the certification.
Warnings
It might take you some time before you become an auto body painter. Be patient with yourself while trying to achieve this goal.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Complete your high school diploma or GED.\\nBefore you can begin your career as an auto body painter, most employers will require you to have graduated from high school or received your GED. If you have not yet done so, you might consider taking classes at a community center or community college to achieve this requirement.\\nYou may be able to improve your chances of getting work as an auto body painter or make your transition into this role smoother by taking a high school shop or automotive class, if one is available to you.\\nSome high schools allow dual enrollment, which means you can take a class not offered at your school somewhere else. You'll have to inquire with a teacher or school counselor first, but you might be able to take a shop class at a community college your junior or senior year.\\n1-2. Get a license and maintain a clean driving record.\\nAuto body painters, in many situations, will be required to move the vehicles of customers. To do so legally, you'll need a license. Since you'll also be responsible for the care of expensive vehicles, many employers also desire a clean driving record as proof of your responsibility.\\n1-3. Familiarize yourself with manual transmissions.\\nOver the course of your career as an auto body painter, at some point you'll likely have to work on a manual transmission vehicle, also called a stick shift. Because of this, many employers require auto body painters to be able to drive both manual and automatic transmission cars.\\nYou might be able to get a lesson in driving a stick shift from a family member or friend. Be patient when doing so. It may take you some time to get the hang of driving a manual.\\n1-4. Acquaint yourself with auto body painting responsibilities.\\nThere are many other tasks you'll be expected to handle to prepare vehicles for painting. This could involve removing rust, dirt or debris from the surface you will be painting, filling in cavities or dents to create a smooth, even surface, and taping off boundaries for detail work.\\nYou'll also need to be able to select the correct kinds of paint and equipment you'll need to use for a particular project. This information is often taught in courses on auto body repair/painting, or through on-the-job training.\\n1-5. Find a job related to auto body work.\\nThis is a good way of getting a peek at the basics before trying to get a job as an auto body painter. Be attentive while you're on the job, and ask coworkers you are comfortable with questions about how the process works and the techniques that are used.\\nMany companies promote from within. If you start working the front desk of an auto paint shop and express interest in becoming a painter, you may be able to get trained in the position and transfer from your desk position.\\nYou may be able to start off work with an auto body shop as an apprentice auto body painter. This will give you valuable, on-the-job training that you can mention in your resume and at interviews.\\n2. Getting a Job as an Auto Body Painter\\n2-1. Write your resume\\nIn your resume, you'll want to highlight any experience you might have that's related to automotive work. This might involve working in a body shop, tinkering with classic cars as a hobby, or even artistic experience, like a degree in art or painting.\\nYou may want to bring finished pictures of automotive work you've done in the past to any interviews you have to supplement your resume.\\n2-2. Network with people involved in the auto industry.\\nIf you're into the automotive scene, it's likely you know other people who share your interest. These people may be able to tip you off about a job opening or refer you to an auto shop they work at or take their vehicles to.\\nBe clear and direct with your automotive friends when telling them you're looking for a job as an auto body painter.\\nYou might connect with people involved in the automotive industry through networking sites like Facebook and LinkedIn.\\n2-3. Apply with local auto body paint shops.\\nYou might wait until there is a posting online or in the newspaper for an open position as auto body painter, but this can result in wasted time. There's nothing wrong with putting in an application even if there are no openings.\\nMany companies keep resumes on file in case a position opens in the future. You may not be called back immediately for an interview, but that could happen eventually if your resume is on file.\\n2-4. Follow up with potential employers.\\nThere may be many people applying for the same position you are. To set yourself apart from others and to express serious interest in the job, you should follow up your interview with a call politely inquiring about the status of your application.\\n3. Improving Your Odds of Getting the Job\\n3-1. Practice in your free time, if possible.\\nThe professional equipment for auto body painting can be expensive, so you may not be able to afford the tools to do this on your own. If you do, however, you can get off-the-job experience painting or touching up the cars of friends and relatives.\\nYou may be able to save up money to invest in auto body painting equipment of your own. Once you are experienced, you might even do your own auto body painting on the side for supplemental income.\\n3-2. Get certified or take a course in auto body painting.\\nMany trade schools and community colleges offer courses in auto body and paint technology. By completing a course or certification program, you'll become more desirable to potential employers.\\nMany community colleges and trade schools have open admissions policies, so there's little risk you'll be turned down unless the program is already at capacity.\\n3-3. Complete an associate's degree.\\nIf you have little or no experience in the auto body field, receiving an associate's degree can improve your chances of being accepted as an apprentice or auto body painter's helper. Employers often look at further education as a sign that potential employees have the skills necessary to learn the trade.\\nAn associate's degree in an automotive related field, like auto body collision repair, will be looked at more favorable than other degrees, but even one in an unrelated field will show you have the perseverance to learn new things.\\n3-4. Gain experience with the tools of the trade.\\nHands-on experience with automotive related hand tools and other aspects of automotive work will also improve your chances of being chosen for a position as an auto body worker. This information can be added to your resume or included in your cover letter.\\n3-5. Become ASE certified.\\nThe Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) offers a certificate program for automotive painters. You'll have to get some auto body painting experience,as the certification requires you to have at least 2 years of automotive painting experience or at least 1 year of training that meets ASE standards.\\nObtaining the voluntary certification means passing a written examination. You must retake the examination approximately every 5 years to keep the certification.\\nWarnings\\nIt might take you some time before you become an auto body painter. Be patient with yourself while trying to achieve this goal.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Auto body painters, sometimes called transportation equipment painters, are responsible for painting vehicles like cars, buses, and trucks. This might involve painting intricate designs or simply reapplying paint to cover up scratches and other damage. To become an auto body painter, you'll need to meet the basic requirements before you are employed.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your high school diploma or GED.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can begin your career as an auto body painter, most employers will require you to have graduated from high school or received your GED. If you have not yet done so, you might consider taking classes at a community center or community college to achieve this requirement.\\nYou may be able to improve your chances of getting work as an auto body painter or make your transition into this role smoother by taking a high school shop or automotive class, if one is available to you.\\nSome high schools allow dual enrollment, which means you can take a class not offered at your school somewhere else. You'll have to inquire with a teacher or school counselor first, but you might be able to take a shop class at a community college your junior or senior year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a license and maintain a clean driving record.\", \"描述\": \"Auto body painters, in many situations, will be required to move the vehicles of customers. To do so legally, you'll need a license. Since you'll also be responsible for the care of expensive vehicles, many employers also desire a clean driving record as proof of your responsibility.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with manual transmissions.\", \"描述\": \"Over the course of your career as an auto body painter, at some point you'll likely have to work on a manual transmission vehicle, also called a stick shift. Because of this, many employers require auto body painters to be able to drive both manual and automatic transmission cars.\\nYou might be able to get a lesson in driving a stick shift from a family member or friend. Be patient when doing so. It may take you some time to get the hang of driving a manual.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Acquaint yourself with auto body painting responsibilities.\", \"描述\": \"There are many other tasks you'll be expected to handle to prepare vehicles for painting. This could involve removing rust, dirt or debris from the surface you will be painting, filling in cavities or dents to create a smooth, even surface, and taping off boundaries for detail work.\\nYou'll also need to be able to select the correct kinds of paint and equipment you'll need to use for a particular project. This information is often taught in courses on auto body repair/painting, or through on-the-job training.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find a job related to auto body work.\", \"描述\": \"This is a good way of getting a peek at the basics before trying to get a job as an auto body painter. Be attentive while you're on the job, and ask coworkers you are comfortable with questions about how the process works and the techniques that are used.\\nMany companies promote from within. If you start working the front desk of an auto paint shop and express interest in becoming a painter, you may be able to get trained in the position and transfer from your desk position.\\nYou may be able to start off work with an auto body shop as an apprentice auto body painter. This will give you valuable, on-the-job training that you can mention in your resume and at interviews.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job as an Auto Body Painter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write your resume\", \"描述\": \"In your resume, you'll want to highlight any experience you might have that's related to automotive work. This might involve working in a body shop, tinkering with classic cars as a hobby, or even artistic experience, like a degree in art or painting.\\nYou may want to bring finished pictures of automotive work you've done in the past to any interviews you have to supplement your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network with people involved in the auto industry.\", \"描述\": \"If you're into the automotive scene, it's likely you know other people who share your interest. These people may be able to tip you off about a job opening or refer you to an auto shop they work at or take their vehicles to.\\nBe clear and direct with your automotive friends when telling them you're looking for a job as an auto body painter.\\nYou might connect with people involved in the automotive industry through networking sites like Facebook and LinkedIn.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply with local auto body paint shops.\", \"描述\": \"You might wait until there is a posting online or in the newspaper for an open position as auto body painter, but this can result in wasted time. There's nothing wrong with putting in an application even if there are no openings.\\nMany companies keep resumes on file in case a position opens in the future. You may not be called back immediately for an interview, but that could happen eventually if your resume is on file.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Follow up with potential employers.\", \"描述\": \"There may be many people applying for the same position you are. To set yourself apart from others and to express serious interest in the job, you should follow up your interview with a call politely inquiring about the status of your application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Odds of Getting the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice in your free time, if possible.\", \"描述\": \"The professional equipment for auto body painting can be expensive, so you may not be able to afford the tools to do this on your own. If you do, however, you can get off-the-job experience painting or touching up the cars of friends and relatives.\\nYou may be able to save up money to invest in auto body painting equipment of your own. Once you are experienced, you might even do your own auto body painting on the side for supplemental income.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get certified or take a course in auto body painting.\", \"描述\": \"Many trade schools and community colleges offer courses in auto body and paint technology. By completing a course or certification program, you'll become more desirable to potential employers.\\nMany community colleges and trade schools have open admissions policies, so there's little risk you'll be turned down unless the program is already at capacity.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete an associate's degree.\", \"描述\": \"If you have little or no experience in the auto body field, receiving an associate's degree can improve your chances of being accepted as an apprentice or auto body painter's helper. Employers often look at further education as a sign that potential employees have the skills necessary to learn the trade.\\nAn associate's degree in an automotive related field, like auto body collision repair, will be looked at more favorable than other degrees, but even one in an unrelated field will show you have the perseverance to learn new things.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gain experience with the tools of the trade.\", \"描述\": \"Hands-on experience with automotive related hand tools and other aspects of automotive work will also improve your chances of being chosen for a position as an auto body worker. This information can be added to your resume or included in your cover letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become ASE certified.\", \"描述\": \"The Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) offers a certificate program for automotive painters. You'll have to get some auto body painting experience,as the certification requires you to have at least 2 years of automotive painting experience or at least 1 year of training that meets ASE standards.\\nObtaining the voluntary certification means passing a written examination. You must retake the examination approximately every 5 years to keep the certification.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"It might take you some time before you become an auto body painter. Be patient with yourself while trying to achieve this goal.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,961 |
How to Become an Auto Body Repair Technician
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1. Getting an Education
1-1. Obtain your high school diploma or GED.
Before getting formal training and certification in auto body repair, you’ll need to obtain your high school diploma or GED. This is often the only requirement to enter a vocational school program, though some programs might require your ACT or SAT scores as well.
If possible, join a technical program at your school to get training as an auto tech while in high school. If there is an auto body repair program at a nearby high school (or even a nearby community college), talk to your school’s principal or counselor about attending the program there for school credit.
If you’re trying to get your GED, look for free preparation courses at your local library or community education center.
If you’re studying for any test -- GED, SAT, or ACT -- check out the study guides from your local library. Use them to prepare for your test.
1-2. Get certified.
Specialized education from a trade school is usually a requirement for becoming an auto body repair technician. At the very least, it will make you a preferred candidate when applying for jobs, enable you to become better at your job, and qualify you for a higher wage.
Trade and technical schools often have programs offering certification for auto body repair or collision repair. Locate a school near you that offers auto body repair certification and enroll in the appropriate courses to earn your certification.
Check http://www.trade-schools.net/trades/auto-body.asp to search a database of trade schools that offer auto body technician certification.
1-3. Get on-the-job training.
Usually, you’ll enter the job with some level of familiarity with auto maintenance and repair. You will then be trained in all the skills and abilities that you’ll need to become an auto body repair technician, including:
Repairing hybrid vehicles
Welding damaged vehicles
Aligning auto chassis
Estimating the cost of repairs
Replacing structural components
2. Growing in the Profession
2-1. Become an apprentice.
Either before or during your formal training, you should apply to become an apprentice. This will give you valuable hands-on experience as you assist the senior auto body repair techs in the shop. Your apprenticeship will look great on a resume when you apply for jobs later.
The specific process for becoming an apprentice depends on the business you apprentice for. Start by contacting local auto body repair shops to find out if they hire part-time employees or apprentices. Explain your interest in becoming an auto body repair tech and offer your services as an apprentice.
You might be able to get college credit for time spent as an apprentice. Talk to your training program advisor for more information.
2-2. Get a job.
As an auto body repair technician, you will probably gain employment at an auto body repair shop or an auto dealership. You might also look for work at a custom automotive shop.
Additionally, you can work at companies that maintain large fleets of automobiles.
Check online at Indeed and LinkedIn for work opportunities in your area.
Check your local newspaper for advertisements for auto body repair technicians.
Ask your instructors during your vocational school training for advice about getting a job. They often have connections in the industry they can call on to help you.
2-3. Choose a specialization.
As an auto body repair tech, you will be able to do several things well, but there should be at least one thing that you do with a high degree of precision. Identify your favorite aspect of the job and develop the skills necessary to make you the go-to person for that specialization. For instance, you might specialize in:
restoring vintage cars
removing dents
touching up paint scratches
designing unique paint jobs
2-4. Continue learning.
As new technologies and automotive repair techniques become available, the old technologies and parts will fall out of use. Stay up-to-date on the latest advances in auto repair by reading technical manuals, taking continuing education classes at vocational schools, and conferring with your colleagues when you have a challenge you need help with.
Parts, materials, electronics, and air bags are constantly changing and becoming more complex. Stay informed to ensure you’re providing safe, high-quality auto body repair work.
Ongoing training is also offered through the Inter-Industry Conference on Auto Collision Repair (I-CAR). Check their website at https://www.i-car.com/Home/Collision-Repair or more information.
3. Getting Certified
3-1. Register with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).
The ASE is a nonprofit organization that offers standardized certification programs in a variety of auto repair specialties. While ASE certification might not be necessary to work in every employment center, it will give you a solid background in auto body repair and look great on your resume.
Create a login at www.ase.com/Tests/ASE-Certification-Tests/Register-Now.aspx. In the gold box, click “Create myASE Account.” Fill in the necessary information and activate your account.
3-2. Decide which tests you want to take.
Think about the areas you wish to learn more about or specialize in. There are several tests you could take to bolster your skill as an auto body repair technician, and you don’t need to choose just one. As an auto body repair tech, the most useful certifications you could earn would be series B2 through B5. Obtaining these certifications will qualify you as a Master Collision Repair Technician. An additional test, B6, is optional. The individual tests include:
Test B2 (Painting & Refinishing), which consists of 55 scored questions.
Test B3 (Non-Structural Analysis & Damage Repair) also consists of 55 scored questions
Test B4 (Structural Analysis & Damage Repair), which consists of 50 scored questions
Test B5 (Mechanical & Electrical Components) also consists of 50 scored questions
Test B6 (Damage Analysis & Estimating) also consists of 50 scored questions
Every test includes 10 additional research questions which are not counted as part of your final score.
3-3. Register for the test.
Log in to your myASE account and select the test you wish to take. Choose the date and location where you wish to take the test and pay the associated fees.
There is a registration fee of $36 and a test fee of $37. If you wish to take multiple tests (for instance, you might want to take tests B2 through B5), you do not need to pay the registration fee again, though you will have to pay the individual test fee again.
If you don’t want to register through the ASE site, you can call Prometric (the company that administers the certification program) directly at 1-877-346-9327.
Visit https://www.ase.com/test-centers-1 to find a test center near you.
3-4. Study for the tests.
The ASE has a variety of study and test prep materials available online. Their self-study web portal (https://www.ase.com/test-prep-and-training) offers practice tests, test-taking tips, and study guides.
The study guide for tests B2 through B5 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.
The study guide for test B6 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.
3-5. Maintain your certification.
Once you’ve been granted your certification, you’ll need to retake the ASE certification exams every five years. Register for your recertification tests by logging in to your ASE account. Select the appropriate test and pay the associated fees. Choose a test center and location.
The recertification tests are usually half as long as the original tests. For instance, test B2 consists of 55 scored questions, but the recertification test for B2 is only 28 scored questions.
4. Ensuring the Job is Right For You
4-1. Possess an interest in machines.
If you love to tinker with cars and machines, you’ll enjoy working as an auto body tech. The bulk of the job consists of adjusting and repairing things. You should have a mechanical aptitude if you wish to pursue this line of work.
4-2. Try to repair or rebuild a junked car.
Since fixing cars is what you’ll be spending most of your time doing as an auto body repair tech, you should get some hands-on practice before making a career of it. If you have dents or damage to your car, try to fix it using repair manuals and guides. You could also approach a family member or friend and explain that you’d like to get some experience in auto repair to help you prepare for your future career.
4-3. Be able to multitask.
As an auto body repair technician, you’ll have a variety of duties that will change frequently. You should be able to work on a number of collision repair duties at the same time or on the same day. For instance, you might start by installing a new door on a damaged car, then replace a dented fender on another car, then sand and buff repaired surfaces.
4-4. Enjoy working indoors.
Auto repair technicians spend most of their time in a garage or another large indoor location. The location you work will be quite noisy due to the constant buzz of machinery. If you prefer working outdoors or in a more contemplative environment, you might want to look elsewhere for work.
Besides the irritating noise, you should also be prepared to deal with dust and fumes caused by painting or sanding. Be sure to follow all relevant health and safety protocols when painting or sanding, since the debris can cause respiratory issues.
4-5. Have high physical stamina.
Auto body repair techs often have to assume uncomfortable positions -- leaning over, sliding under, or kneeling beside cars. You will also have to manipulate heavy auto parts and equipment. If you do not wish to engage in strenuous activity, becoming an auto body repair tech might not be right for you.
4-6. Possess strong visualization skills.
If you can read a two-dimensional diagram or repair manual and envision the part or section of the automobile in three dimensions, you’ll do well as an auto body repair tech. For instance, in order for a technician to restore a unibody vehicle to its original form, you must be able to follow instructions and diagrams, either in print form or digitally, and make precise measurements to ensure accurate placement of vehicle body sections relative to one another.
Technicians must be detail oriented.
Strong skills in geometry and art might help.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education\\n1-1. Obtain your high school diploma or GED.\\nBefore getting formal training and certification in auto body repair, you’ll need to obtain your high school diploma or GED. This is often the only requirement to enter a vocational school program, though some programs might require your ACT or SAT scores as well.\\nIf possible, join a technical program at your school to get training as an auto tech while in high school. If there is an auto body repair program at a nearby high school (or even a nearby community college), talk to your school’s principal or counselor about attending the program there for school credit.\\nIf you’re trying to get your GED, look for free preparation courses at your local library or community education center.\\nIf you’re studying for any test -- GED, SAT, or ACT -- check out the study guides from your local library. Use them to prepare for your test.\\n1-2. Get certified.\\nSpecialized education from a trade school is usually a requirement for becoming an auto body repair technician. At the very least, it will make you a preferred candidate when applying for jobs, enable you to become better at your job, and qualify you for a higher wage.\\nTrade and technical schools often have programs offering certification for auto body repair or collision repair. Locate a school near you that offers auto body repair certification and enroll in the appropriate courses to earn your certification.\\nCheck http://www.trade-schools.net/trades/auto-body.asp to search a database of trade schools that offer auto body technician certification.\\n1-3. Get on-the-job training.\\nUsually, you’ll enter the job with some level of familiarity with auto maintenance and repair. You will then be trained in all the skills and abilities that you’ll need to become an auto body repair technician, including:\\nRepairing hybrid vehicles\\nWelding damaged vehicles\\nAligning auto chassis\\nEstimating the cost of repairs\\nReplacing structural components\\n2. Growing in the Profession\\n2-1. Become an apprentice.\\nEither before or during your formal training, you should apply to become an apprentice. This will give you valuable hands-on experience as you assist the senior auto body repair techs in the shop. Your apprenticeship will look great on a resume when you apply for jobs later.\\nThe specific process for becoming an apprentice depends on the business you apprentice for. Start by contacting local auto body repair shops to find out if they hire part-time employees or apprentices. Explain your interest in becoming an auto body repair tech and offer your services as an apprentice.\\nYou might be able to get college credit for time spent as an apprentice. Talk to your training program advisor for more information.\\n2-2. Get a job.\\nAs an auto body repair technician, you will probably gain employment at an auto body repair shop or an auto dealership. You might also look for work at a custom automotive shop.\\nAdditionally, you can work at companies that maintain large fleets of automobiles.\\nCheck online at Indeed and LinkedIn for work opportunities in your area.\\nCheck your local newspaper for advertisements for auto body repair technicians.\\nAsk your instructors during your vocational school training for advice about getting a job. They often have connections in the industry they can call on to help you.\\n2-3. Choose a specialization.\\nAs an auto body repair tech, you will be able to do several things well, but there should be at least one thing that you do with a high degree of precision. Identify your favorite aspect of the job and develop the skills necessary to make you the go-to person for that specialization. For instance, you might specialize in:\\nrestoring vintage cars\\nremoving dents\\ntouching up paint scratches\\ndesigning unique paint jobs\\n2-4. Continue learning.\\nAs new technologies and automotive repair techniques become available, the old technologies and parts will fall out of use. Stay up-to-date on the latest advances in auto repair by reading technical manuals, taking continuing education classes at vocational schools, and conferring with your colleagues when you have a challenge you need help with.\\nParts, materials, electronics, and air bags are constantly changing and becoming more complex. Stay informed to ensure you’re providing safe, high-quality auto body repair work.\\nOngoing training is also offered through the Inter-Industry Conference on Auto Collision Repair (I-CAR). Check their website at https://www.i-car.com/Home/Collision-Repair or more information.\\n3. Getting Certified\\n3-1. Register with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).\\nThe ASE is a nonprofit organization that offers standardized certification programs in a variety of auto repair specialties. While ASE certification might not be necessary to work in every employment center, it will give you a solid background in auto body repair and look great on your resume.\\nCreate a login at www.ase.com/Tests/ASE-Certification-Tests/Register-Now.aspx. In the gold box, click “Create myASE Account.” Fill in the necessary information and activate your account.\\n3-2. Decide which tests you want to take.\\nThink about the areas you wish to learn more about or specialize in. There are several tests you could take to bolster your skill as an auto body repair technician, and you don’t need to choose just one. As an auto body repair tech, the most useful certifications you could earn would be series B2 through B5. Obtaining these certifications will qualify you as a Master Collision Repair Technician. An additional test, B6, is optional. The individual tests include:\\nTest B2 (Painting & Refinishing), which consists of 55 scored questions.\\nTest B3 (Non-Structural Analysis & Damage Repair) also consists of 55 scored questions\\nTest B4 (Structural Analysis & Damage Repair), which consists of 50 scored questions\\nTest B5 (Mechanical & Electrical Components) also consists of 50 scored questions\\nTest B6 (Damage Analysis & Estimating) also consists of 50 scored questions\\nEvery test includes 10 additional research questions which are not counted as part of your final score.\\n3-3. Register for the test.\\nLog in to your myASE account and select the test you wish to take. Choose the date and location where you wish to take the test and pay the associated fees.\\nThere is a registration fee of $36 and a test fee of $37. If you wish to take multiple tests (for instance, you might want to take tests B2 through B5), you do not need to pay the registration fee again, though you will have to pay the individual test fee again.\\nIf you don’t want to register through the ASE site, you can call Prometric (the company that administers the certification program) directly at 1-877-346-9327.\\nVisit https://www.ase.com/test-centers-1 to find a test center near you.\\n3-4. Study for the tests.\\nThe ASE has a variety of study and test prep materials available online. Their self-study web portal (https://www.ase.com/test-prep-and-training) offers practice tests, test-taking tips, and study guides.\\nThe study guide for tests B2 through B5 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.\\nThe study guide for test B6 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.\\n3-5. Maintain your certification.\\nOnce you’ve been granted your certification, you’ll need to retake the ASE certification exams every five years. Register for your recertification tests by logging in to your ASE account. Select the appropriate test and pay the associated fees. Choose a test center and location.\\nThe recertification tests are usually half as long as the original tests. For instance, test B2 consists of 55 scored questions, but the recertification test for B2 is only 28 scored questions.\\n4. Ensuring the Job is Right For You\\n4-1. Possess an interest in machines.\\nIf you love to tinker with cars and machines, you’ll enjoy working as an auto body tech. The bulk of the job consists of adjusting and repairing things. You should have a mechanical aptitude if you wish to pursue this line of work.\\n4-2. Try to repair or rebuild a junked car.\\nSince fixing cars is what you’ll be spending most of your time doing as an auto body repair tech, you should get some hands-on practice before making a career of it. If you have dents or damage to your car, try to fix it using repair manuals and guides. You could also approach a family member or friend and explain that you’d like to get some experience in auto repair to help you prepare for your future career.\\n4-3. Be able to multitask.\\nAs an auto body repair technician, you’ll have a variety of duties that will change frequently. You should be able to work on a number of collision repair duties at the same time or on the same day. For instance, you might start by installing a new door on a damaged car, then replace a dented fender on another car, then sand and buff repaired surfaces.\\n4-4. Enjoy working indoors.\\nAuto repair technicians spend most of their time in a garage or another large indoor location. The location you work will be quite noisy due to the constant buzz of machinery. If you prefer working outdoors or in a more contemplative environment, you might want to look elsewhere for work.\\nBesides the irritating noise, you should also be prepared to deal with dust and fumes caused by painting or sanding. Be sure to follow all relevant health and safety protocols when painting or sanding, since the debris can cause respiratory issues.\\n4-5. Have high physical stamina.\\nAuto body repair techs often have to assume uncomfortable positions -- leaning over, sliding under, or kneeling beside cars. You will also have to manipulate heavy auto parts and equipment. If you do not wish to engage in strenuous activity, becoming an auto body repair tech might not be right for you.\\n4-6. Possess strong visualization skills.\\nIf you can read a two-dimensional diagram or repair manual and envision the part or section of the automobile in three dimensions, you’ll do well as an auto body repair tech. For instance, in order for a technician to restore a unibody vehicle to its original form, you must be able to follow instructions and diagrams, either in print form or digitally, and make precise measurements to ensure accurate placement of vehicle body sections relative to one another.\\nTechnicians must be detail oriented.\\nStrong skills in geometry and art might help.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Auto body repair technicians repair or restore damaged vehicles. In an average work day, you might align auto chassis, remove dents, and replace damaged parts. In order to become an auto body repair technician, you must enjoy tinkering with automobiles and have the right temperament. You’ll also need at least some formal training. Once you’ve completed your education, you can seek work at an auto body repair shop or an auto dealership.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain your high school diploma or GED.\", \"描述\": \"Before getting formal training and certification in auto body repair, you’ll need to obtain your high school diploma or GED. This is often the only requirement to enter a vocational school program, though some programs might require your ACT or SAT scores as well.\\nIf possible, join a technical program at your school to get training as an auto tech while in high school. If there is an auto body repair program at a nearby high school (or even a nearby community college), talk to your school’s principal or counselor about attending the program there for school credit.\\nIf you’re trying to get your GED, look for free preparation courses at your local library or community education center.\\nIf you’re studying for any test -- GED, SAT, or ACT -- check out the study guides from your local library. Use them to prepare for your test.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get certified.\", \"描述\": \"Specialized education from a trade school is usually a requirement for becoming an auto body repair technician. At the very least, it will make you a preferred candidate when applying for jobs, enable you to become better at your job, and qualify you for a higher wage.\\nTrade and technical schools often have programs offering certification for auto body repair or collision repair. Locate a school near you that offers auto body repair certification and enroll in the appropriate courses to earn your certification.\\nCheck http://www.trade-schools.net/trades/auto-body.asp to search a database of trade schools that offer auto body technician certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get on-the-job training.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, you’ll enter the job with some level of familiarity with auto maintenance and repair. You will then be trained in all the skills and abilities that you’ll need to become an auto body repair technician, including:\\nRepairing hybrid vehicles\\nWelding damaged vehicles\\nAligning auto chassis\\nEstimating the cost of repairs\\nReplacing structural components\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Growing in the Profession\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become an apprentice.\", \"描述\": \"Either before or during your formal training, you should apply to become an apprentice. This will give you valuable hands-on experience as you assist the senior auto body repair techs in the shop. Your apprenticeship will look great on a resume when you apply for jobs later.\\nThe specific process for becoming an apprentice depends on the business you apprentice for. Start by contacting local auto body repair shops to find out if they hire part-time employees or apprentices. Explain your interest in becoming an auto body repair tech and offer your services as an apprentice.\\nYou might be able to get college credit for time spent as an apprentice. Talk to your training program advisor for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a job.\", \"描述\": \"As an auto body repair technician, you will probably gain employment at an auto body repair shop or an auto dealership. You might also look for work at a custom automotive shop.\\nAdditionally, you can work at companies that maintain large fleets of automobiles.\\nCheck online at Indeed and LinkedIn for work opportunities in your area.\\nCheck your local newspaper for advertisements for auto body repair technicians.\\nAsk your instructors during your vocational school training for advice about getting a job. They often have connections in the industry they can call on to help you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose a specialization.\", \"描述\": \"As an auto body repair tech, you will be able to do several things well, but there should be at least one thing that you do with a high degree of precision. Identify your favorite aspect of the job and develop the skills necessary to make you the go-to person for that specialization. For instance, you might specialize in:\\nrestoring vintage cars\\nremoving dents\\ntouching up paint scratches\\ndesigning unique paint jobs\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue learning.\", \"描述\": \"As new technologies and automotive repair techniques become available, the old technologies and parts will fall out of use. Stay up-to-date on the latest advances in auto repair by reading technical manuals, taking continuing education classes at vocational schools, and conferring with your colleagues when you have a challenge you need help with.\\nParts, materials, electronics, and air bags are constantly changing and becoming more complex. Stay informed to ensure you’re providing safe, high-quality auto body repair work.\\nOngoing training is also offered through the Inter-Industry Conference on Auto Collision Repair (I-CAR). Check their website at https://www.i-car.com/Home/Collision-Repair or more information.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).\", \"描述\": \"The ASE is a nonprofit organization that offers standardized certification programs in a variety of auto repair specialties. While ASE certification might not be necessary to work in every employment center, it will give you a solid background in auto body repair and look great on your resume.\\nCreate a login at www.ase.com/Tests/ASE-Certification-Tests/Register-Now.aspx. In the gold box, click “Create myASE Account.” Fill in the necessary information and activate your account.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide which tests you want to take.\", \"描述\": \"Think about the areas you wish to learn more about or specialize in. There are several tests you could take to bolster your skill as an auto body repair technician, and you don’t need to choose just one. As an auto body repair tech, the most useful certifications you could earn would be series B2 through B5. Obtaining these certifications will qualify you as a Master Collision Repair Technician. An additional test, B6, is optional. The individual tests include:\\nTest B2 (Painting & Refinishing), which consists of 55 scored questions.\\nTest B3 (Non-Structural Analysis & Damage Repair) also consists of 55 scored questions\\nTest B4 (Structural Analysis & Damage Repair), which consists of 50 scored questions\\nTest B5 (Mechanical & Electrical Components) also consists of 50 scored questions\\nTest B6 (Damage Analysis & Estimating) also consists of 50 scored questions\\nEvery test includes 10 additional research questions which are not counted as part of your final score.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register for the test.\", \"描述\": \"Log in to your myASE account and select the test you wish to take. Choose the date and location where you wish to take the test and pay the associated fees.\\nThere is a registration fee of $36 and a test fee of $37. If you wish to take multiple tests (for instance, you might want to take tests B2 through B5), you do not need to pay the registration fee again, though you will have to pay the individual test fee again.\\nIf you don’t want to register through the ASE site, you can call Prometric (the company that administers the certification program) directly at 1-877-346-9327.\\nVisit https://www.ase.com/test-centers-1 to find a test center near you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study for the tests.\", \"描述\": \"The ASE has a variety of study and test prep materials available online. Their self-study web portal (https://www.ase.com/test-prep-and-training) offers practice tests, test-taking tips, and study guides.\\nThe study guide for tests B2 through B5 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.\\nThe study guide for test B6 is available at http://www.ase.com/MediaLibrary/Images/PDF%20folder/collision_guide.pdf.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain your certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve been granted your certification, you’ll need to retake the ASE certification exams every five years. Register for your recertification tests by logging in to your ASE account. Select the appropriate test and pay the associated fees. Choose a test center and location.\\nThe recertification tests are usually half as long as the original tests. For instance, test B2 consists of 55 scored questions, but the recertification test for B2 is only 28 scored questions.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ensuring the Job is Right For You\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Possess an interest in machines.\", \"描述\": \"If you love to tinker with cars and machines, you’ll enjoy working as an auto body tech. The bulk of the job consists of adjusting and repairing things. You should have a mechanical aptitude if you wish to pursue this line of work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try to repair or rebuild a junked car.\", \"描述\": \"Since fixing cars is what you’ll be spending most of your time doing as an auto body repair tech, you should get some hands-on practice before making a career of it. If you have dents or damage to your car, try to fix it using repair manuals and guides. You could also approach a family member or friend and explain that you’d like to get some experience in auto repair to help you prepare for your future career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be able to multitask.\", \"描述\": \"As an auto body repair technician, you’ll have a variety of duties that will change frequently. You should be able to work on a number of collision repair duties at the same time or on the same day. For instance, you might start by installing a new door on a damaged car, then replace a dented fender on another car, then sand and buff repaired surfaces.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enjoy working indoors.\", \"描述\": \"Auto repair technicians spend most of their time in a garage or another large indoor location. The location you work will be quite noisy due to the constant buzz of machinery. If you prefer working outdoors or in a more contemplative environment, you might want to look elsewhere for work.\\nBesides the irritating noise, you should also be prepared to deal with dust and fumes caused by painting or sanding. Be sure to follow all relevant health and safety protocols when painting or sanding, since the debris can cause respiratory issues.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have high physical stamina.\", \"描述\": \"Auto body repair techs often have to assume uncomfortable positions -- leaning over, sliding under, or kneeling beside cars. You will also have to manipulate heavy auto parts and equipment. If you do not wish to engage in strenuous activity, becoming an auto body repair tech might not be right for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Possess strong visualization skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you can read a two-dimensional diagram or repair manual and envision the part or section of the automobile in three dimensions, you’ll do well as an auto body repair tech. For instance, in order for a technician to restore a unibody vehicle to its original form, you must be able to follow instructions and diagrams, either in print form or digitally, and make precise measurements to ensure accurate placement of vehicle body sections relative to one another.\\nTechnicians must be detail oriented.\\nStrong skills in geometry and art might help.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,962 |
How to Become an Auto Dealer
|
1. Steps
1-1. Save your money.
Almost every step toward becoming a car dealer will cost you money. Depending on the type of business you want to run and the amount of inventory you plan on holding, your costs can run anywhere from $30,000 to $1,000,000 or more.
1-2. Obtain a dealer's license.
Each state has its own requirements for auto dealer licensure, which most often include completing a course and sitting for a certification exam.
1-3. Brush up on your business acumen.
As with running any business, being an automobile dealer requires a certain degree of bookkeeping, inventory, accounting, marketing, management and customer service knowledge. You do not need a business degree, but you should find all the information you can about operating a business at the library or online.
1-4. Decide how you want to run your business.
Because being a car dealer means being self-employed, there are many questions you need to ask yourself before moving on to the next step. These are things you need to consider:
Would you like to be a one-man show and operate solely through a company website?
Do you want to sell new or used cars?
Or would you rather own a lot and hire salespeople?
How many employees do you need, and what type?
Are you going to offer in-house financing or require that your customers obtain their own financing?
How will you market your business?
What kind of money do you have to invest, and how much money do you need to make?
1-5. Create a formal business plan.
Once you know exactly what kind of auto dealer you want to be, you should take the time to put every aspect of your business plan down on paper. This will help you stay on track with budget projections and business-building priorities.
1-6. Choose a location.
This may be as simple as keeping a few cars in your backyard and building a website to serve as your business location, or may involve scouting for commercial lots and office space. Whatever your location, you will need to obtain a zoning verification letter in order to move on to the next step.
1-7. Get your surety bond.
Upon verification that your business location is properly zoned for an automobile dealership, you must get a surety bond. The auto dealer bond is given as a guarantee that your dealership will operate in compliance with state regulations. Depending on the state the bond amount can vary from $5,000 to &100,000 but you will have to pay only a percentage of this amount that usually varies between 0,75% and 10%.
1-8. Register your business name and get a business license at the Division of Motor Vehicles.
1-9. Build an inventory.
As a car dealer, you can attend private wholesale dealer auctions and purchase vehicles at lower than market-rate prices. You can also go into new-car dealerships and buy wholesale with closed-bids.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Save your money.\\nAlmost every step toward becoming a car dealer will cost you money. Depending on the type of business you want to run and the amount of inventory you plan on holding, your costs can run anywhere from $30,000 to $1,000,000 or more.\\n1-2. Obtain a dealer's license.\\nEach state has its own requirements for auto dealer licensure, which most often include completing a course and sitting for a certification exam.\\n1-3. Brush up on your business acumen.\\nAs with running any business, being an automobile dealer requires a certain degree of bookkeeping, inventory, accounting, marketing, management and customer service knowledge. You do not need a business degree, but you should find all the information you can about operating a business at the library or online.\\n1-4. Decide how you want to run your business.\\nBecause being a car dealer means being self-employed, there are many questions you need to ask yourself before moving on to the next step. These are things you need to consider:\\nWould you like to be a one-man show and operate solely through a company website?\\nDo you want to sell new or used cars?\\nOr would you rather own a lot and hire salespeople?\\nHow many employees do you need, and what type?\\nAre you going to offer in-house financing or require that your customers obtain their own financing?\\nHow will you market your business?\\nWhat kind of money do you have to invest, and how much money do you need to make?\\n1-5. Create a formal business plan.\\nOnce you know exactly what kind of auto dealer you want to be, you should take the time to put every aspect of your business plan down on paper. This will help you stay on track with budget projections and business-building priorities.\\n1-6. Choose a location.\\nThis may be as simple as keeping a few cars in your backyard and building a website to serve as your business location, or may involve scouting for commercial lots and office space. Whatever your location, you will need to obtain a zoning verification letter in order to move on to the next step.\\n1-7. Get your surety bond.\\nUpon verification that your business location is properly zoned for an automobile dealership, you must get a surety bond. The auto dealer bond is given as a guarantee that your dealership will operate in compliance with state regulations. Depending on the state the bond amount can vary from $5,000 to &100,000 but you will have to pay only a percentage of this amount that usually varies between 0,75% and 10%.\\n1-8. Register your business name and get a business license at the Division of Motor Vehicles.\\n\\n1-9. Build an inventory.\\nAs a car dealer, you can attend private wholesale dealer auctions and purchase vehicles at lower than market-rate prices. You can also go into new-car dealerships and buy wholesale with closed-bids.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming an auto dealer is a process that requires an investment of time and money, but that can yield high profits. A car dealer may operate in several different modes in order to make money: running a used car lot, buying/selling wholesale cars on an as-needed basis or investing in a franchise branch of an already-established auto dealership. It does not take a formal education to deal cars, but it does take some training. This list describes the steps it takes in order to become an automobile dealer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Save your money.\", \"描述\": \"Almost every step toward becoming a car dealer will cost you money. Depending on the type of business you want to run and the amount of inventory you plan on holding, your costs can run anywhere from $30,000 to $1,000,000 or more.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain a dealer's license.\", \"描述\": \"Each state has its own requirements for auto dealer licensure, which most often include completing a course and sitting for a certification exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Brush up on your business acumen.\", \"描述\": \"As with running any business, being an automobile dealer requires a certain degree of bookkeeping, inventory, accounting, marketing, management and customer service knowledge. You do not need a business degree, but you should find all the information you can about operating a business at the library or online.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide how you want to run your business.\", \"描述\": \"Because being a car dealer means being self-employed, there are many questions you need to ask yourself before moving on to the next step. These are things you need to consider:\\nWould you like to be a one-man show and operate solely through a company website?\\nDo you want to sell new or used cars?\\nOr would you rather own a lot and hire salespeople?\\nHow many employees do you need, and what type?\\nAre you going to offer in-house financing or require that your customers obtain their own financing?\\nHow will you market your business?\\nWhat kind of money do you have to invest, and how much money do you need to make?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create a formal business plan.\", \"描述\": \"Once you know exactly what kind of auto dealer you want to be, you should take the time to put every aspect of your business plan down on paper. This will help you stay on track with budget projections and business-building priorities.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Choose a location.\", \"描述\": \"This may be as simple as keeping a few cars in your backyard and building a website to serve as your business location, or may involve scouting for commercial lots and office space. Whatever your location, you will need to obtain a zoning verification letter in order to move on to the next step.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get your surety bond.\", \"描述\": \"Upon verification that your business location is properly zoned for an automobile dealership, you must get a surety bond. The auto dealer bond is given as a guarantee that your dealership will operate in compliance with state regulations. Depending on the state the bond amount can vary from $5,000 to &100,000 but you will have to pay only a percentage of this amount that usually varies between 0,75% and 10%.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Register your business name and get a business license at the Division of Motor Vehicles.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Build an inventory.\", \"描述\": \"As a car dealer, you can attend private wholesale dealer auctions and purchase vehicles at lower than market-rate prices. You can also go into new-car dealerships and buy wholesale with closed-bids.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,963 |
How to Become an Auto Insurance Adjuster
|
1. Gaining Experience
1-1. Get a high school diploma GED.
This level of education is the minimum requirement for many entry-level adjuster positions. If you choose to not continue to a post-secondary degree, some vocational schools and community colleges offer classes you can take to learn more about auto body repair. This advanced training can make you a more competitive candidate for entry-level positions as a high school graduate.
1-2. Earn a post-secondary degree.
Most companies prefer candidates with a bachelor’s degree, advanced vocational training, or insurance industry work experience where the candidate has learned how to estimate the cost of repairing various types of damage. Appropriate areas of study and experience include:
accounting courses
business courses
employment in an auto repair shop
1-3. Choose which type of auto insurance adjustment work you’d like to do.
Staff adjusters are employed full-time at insurance companies, while independent adjusters are contractors who work for one or several insurance companies. The setting and terms of your future employment will determine your day-to-day experiences, schedule, and flexibility as an auto insurance adjuster.
1-4. Find a mentor.
Ask an experienced auto insurance adjuster if you can work under them as a trainee to learn the trade. Under their mentorship, you will begin with small claims and progress to more complex claims as you gain experience and prepare to work on your own.
2. Getting a License
2-1. Determine licensing requirements for the state where you want to practice.
Every state has its own requirements for licensing. Your state’s information will be on the state’s Department of Insurance website. This information will include details such as:
minimum age
qualifications
residency requirements
states with reciprocal licensing agreements
experience requirements
education requirements
2-2. Complete pre-licensing classes.
Some states will not require pre-licensing classes. For those that do, classes may be offered online or in a classroom setting. You may have to pay a fee for the classes. The classes will cover such topics as:
insurance regulation
insurance basics
automobile insurance
adjusting losses
2-3. Take the licensing exam.
Some states will not require an exam. For those that do, the state’s Department of Insurance website may have study material available as well as the information you need to prepare. You may have to pay a fee to sit the exam. The exam will cover knowledge on such topics as:
personal automobile insurance coverage
state laws relevant to working as an adjuster
adjusting losses
fair claims settlement practices
2-4. Complete the license application process.
After passing the exam, you may still need to complete some steps to apply for the license itself, including submitting your pre-licensing class certificate and other forms to the state Department of Insurance, completing fingerprinting, undergoing a background check, and paying a license application fee. Your state’s Department of Insurance website will detail how to complete the application process and receive your license.
3. Obtaining Employment
3-1. Contact insurance companies.
The websites and HR departments of these companies should be able to provide information about open staff and independent contractor adjustor positions.
3-2. Tailor your resume and cover letter to the auto insurance adjuster industry.
Include information about your relevant education, experience, training, and licensing.
3-3. Apply for staff adjuster positions.
Once you find a position that interests you with a company you would like to work for, check their requirements to confirm you fulfill them, and then submit your resume and cover letter.
3-4. Brand yourself if you’ve chosen to be an independent contractor.
You will need to showcase your background and skills as you present your services to multiple insurance companies. Plan to:
Create a website that presents you as a skilled, licensed, personable, and professional independent auto insurance adjuster
Design or commission a logo that makes you and your services recognizable and memorable
Produce marketing materials such as business cards and stationery
Put forth a brand message and promise, and then deliver on your promise. This will build your reputation and lead to more work
Tips
Some states require that companies, rather than individual adjusters, hold the license. In such states, you simply need to be hired by a licensed company in order to be in accordance with the state law.[14]
X
Trustworthy Source
US Bureau of Labor Statistics
U.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information
Go to source
Some states require continuing education credits for renewal of licenses to make sure adjusters remain up-to-date on industry standards and techniques, as well as state laws.[15]
X
Trustworthy Source
US Bureau of Labor Statistics
U.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information
Go to source
Some states require a fee for renewing licenses.[16]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Get a high school diploma GED.\\nThis level of education is the minimum requirement for many entry-level adjuster positions. If you choose to not continue to a post-secondary degree, some vocational schools and community colleges offer classes you can take to learn more about auto body repair. This advanced training can make you a more competitive candidate for entry-level positions as a high school graduate.\\n1-2. Earn a post-secondary degree.\\nMost companies prefer candidates with a bachelor’s degree, advanced vocational training, or insurance industry work experience where the candidate has learned how to estimate the cost of repairing various types of damage. Appropriate areas of study and experience include:\\naccounting courses\\nbusiness courses\\nemployment in an auto repair shop\\n1-3. Choose which type of auto insurance adjustment work you’d like to do.\\nStaff adjusters are employed full-time at insurance companies, while independent adjusters are contractors who work for one or several insurance companies. The setting and terms of your future employment will determine your day-to-day experiences, schedule, and flexibility as an auto insurance adjuster.\\n1-4. Find a mentor.\\nAsk an experienced auto insurance adjuster if you can work under them as a trainee to learn the trade. Under their mentorship, you will begin with small claims and progress to more complex claims as you gain experience and prepare to work on your own.\\n2. Getting a License\\n2-1. Determine licensing requirements for the state where you want to practice.\\nEvery state has its own requirements for licensing. Your state’s information will be on the state’s Department of Insurance website. This information will include details such as:\\nminimum age\\nqualifications\\nresidency requirements\\nstates with reciprocal licensing agreements\\nexperience requirements\\neducation requirements\\n2-2. Complete pre-licensing classes.\\nSome states will not require pre-licensing classes. For those that do, classes may be offered online or in a classroom setting. You may have to pay a fee for the classes. The classes will cover such topics as:\\ninsurance regulation\\ninsurance basics\\nautomobile insurance\\nadjusting losses\\n2-3. Take the licensing exam.\\nSome states will not require an exam. For those that do, the state’s Department of Insurance website may have study material available as well as the information you need to prepare. You may have to pay a fee to sit the exam. The exam will cover knowledge on such topics as:\\npersonal automobile insurance coverage\\nstate laws relevant to working as an adjuster\\nadjusting losses\\nfair claims settlement practices\\n2-4. Complete the license application process.\\nAfter passing the exam, you may still need to complete some steps to apply for the license itself, including submitting your pre-licensing class certificate and other forms to the state Department of Insurance, completing fingerprinting, undergoing a background check, and paying a license application fee. Your state’s Department of Insurance website will detail how to complete the application process and receive your license.\\n3. Obtaining Employment\\n3-1. Contact insurance companies.\\nThe websites and HR departments of these companies should be able to provide information about open staff and independent contractor adjustor positions.\\n3-2. Tailor your resume and cover letter to the auto insurance adjuster industry.\\nInclude information about your relevant education, experience, training, and licensing.\\n3-3. Apply for staff adjuster positions.\\nOnce you find a position that interests you with a company you would like to work for, check their requirements to confirm you fulfill them, and then submit your resume and cover letter.\\n3-4. Brand yourself if you’ve chosen to be an independent contractor.\\nYou will need to showcase your background and skills as you present your services to multiple insurance companies. Plan to:\\nCreate a website that presents you as a skilled, licensed, personable, and professional independent auto insurance adjuster\\nDesign or commission a logo that makes you and your services recognizable and memorable\\nProduce marketing materials such as business cards and stationery\\nPut forth a brand message and promise, and then deliver on your promise. This will build your reputation and lead to more work\\nTips\\nSome states require that companies, rather than individual adjusters, hold the license. In such states, you simply need to be hired by a licensed company in order to be in accordance with the state law.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Bureau of Labor Statistics\\nU.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information\\nGo to source\\nSome states require continuing education credits for renewal of licenses to make sure adjusters remain up-to-date on industry standards and techniques, as well as state laws.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Bureau of Labor Statistics\\nU.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information\\nGo to source\\nSome states require a fee for renewing licenses.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An auto insurance adjuster is an important link between an insurance company and a claimant who has suffered an accident. As an auto insurance adjuster, you would investigate and review evidence in order to decide how much the company should pay. Work as an adjuster uses analytic, communication, math, and interpersonal skills to help others during what can be a traumatic time. Entering this career path requires experience, licensing, and decisions about paths to employment..\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma GED.\", \"描述\": \"This level of education is the minimum requirement for many entry-level adjuster positions. If you choose to not continue to a post-secondary degree, some vocational schools and community colleges offer classes you can take to learn more about auto body repair. This advanced training can make you a more competitive candidate for entry-level positions as a high school graduate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a post-secondary degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most companies prefer candidates with a bachelor’s degree, advanced vocational training, or insurance industry work experience where the candidate has learned how to estimate the cost of repairing various types of damage. Appropriate areas of study and experience include:\\naccounting courses\\nbusiness courses\\nemployment in an auto repair shop\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose which type of auto insurance adjustment work you’d like to do.\", \"描述\": \"Staff adjusters are employed full-time at insurance companies, while independent adjusters are contractors who work for one or several insurance companies. The setting and terms of your future employment will determine your day-to-day experiences, schedule, and flexibility as an auto insurance adjuster.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a mentor.\", \"描述\": \"Ask an experienced auto insurance adjuster if you can work under them as a trainee to learn the trade. Under their mentorship, you will begin with small claims and progress to more complex claims as you gain experience and prepare to work on your own.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting a License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine licensing requirements for the state where you want to practice.\", \"描述\": \"Every state has its own requirements for licensing. Your state’s information will be on the state’s Department of Insurance website. This information will include details such as:\\nminimum age\\nqualifications\\nresidency requirements\\nstates with reciprocal licensing agreements\\nexperience requirements\\neducation requirements\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete pre-licensing classes.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will not require pre-licensing classes. For those that do, classes may be offered online or in a classroom setting. You may have to pay a fee for the classes. The classes will cover such topics as:\\ninsurance regulation\\ninsurance basics\\nautomobile insurance\\nadjusting losses\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the licensing exam.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will not require an exam. For those that do, the state’s Department of Insurance website may have study material available as well as the information you need to prepare. You may have to pay a fee to sit the exam. The exam will cover knowledge on such topics as:\\npersonal automobile insurance coverage\\nstate laws relevant to working as an adjuster\\nadjusting losses\\nfair claims settlement practices\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the license application process.\", \"描述\": \"After passing the exam, you may still need to complete some steps to apply for the license itself, including submitting your pre-licensing class certificate and other forms to the state Department of Insurance, completing fingerprinting, undergoing a background check, and paying a license application fee. Your state’s Department of Insurance website will detail how to complete the application process and receive your license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Employment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact insurance companies.\", \"描述\": \"The websites and HR departments of these companies should be able to provide information about open staff and independent contractor adjustor positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tailor your resume and cover letter to the auto insurance adjuster industry.\", \"描述\": \"Include information about your relevant education, experience, training, and licensing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for staff adjuster positions.\", \"描述\": \"Once you find a position that interests you with a company you would like to work for, check their requirements to confirm you fulfill them, and then submit your resume and cover letter.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brand yourself if you’ve chosen to be an independent contractor.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to showcase your background and skills as you present your services to multiple insurance companies. Plan to:\\nCreate a website that presents you as a skilled, licensed, personable, and professional independent auto insurance adjuster\\nDesign or commission a logo that makes you and your services recognizable and memorable\\nProduce marketing materials such as business cards and stationery\\nPut forth a brand message and promise, and then deliver on your promise. This will build your reputation and lead to more work\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some states require that companies, rather than individual adjusters, hold the license. In such states, you simply need to be hired by a licensed company in order to be in accordance with the state law.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Bureau of Labor Statistics\\nU.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Some states require continuing education credits for renewal of licenses to make sure adjusters remain up-to-date on industry standards and techniques, as well as state laws.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Bureau of Labor Statistics\\nU.S. government agency that collects and reports labor-related information\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Some states require a fee for renewing licenses.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,964 |
How to Become an Auto Mechanic
|
1. Becoming Educated
1-1. Take electronics and mathematics classes.
While in high school, take any classes that you can that are relevant to auto mechanic work. If there are automobile-specific classes at your school, then you should make room in your schedule for them. If not, classes focusing on mathematics and/or electronics will give you a strong foundation of knowledge.
1-2. Get a high school diploma.
While there are successful auto mechanics who didn't acquire education after high school, most at least have a high school diploma. Graduating from high school will make it a lot easier to climb the ladder once you start your career.
1-3. Complete a certification or vocational program.
In order to set yourself up for success, you'll need to complete some postsecondary education, such as a vocational or certification program. These programs will teach you about the basic functioning and maintenance of vehicles and their systems, and include both lecture-style and hands-on learning. The classes you'll take will cover information about engines, suspensions, transmissions, brakes, and air conditioning and heating. Some certificate options include:
Intro to Automotive Technology
Diesel Service Techniques
Automotive Electrical Fundamentals
Fuel and Emissions Systems
1-4. Get an associate's degree if you want a well-rounded education.
An alternative option is to acquire an associate's degree in a relevant field. Similar to certificate programs, you'll learn both inside and outside the classroom. It may take a little longer to get than a certificate and may also cost more. However, you'll learn about much more than vehicles, and having a college degree may boost your chances of getting a job. Some associate degree options include:
Advanced Transmission Diagnostics
Automotive Mechanics Technology
Automotive Service Management
Alternative Fueled and Hybrid Vehicles
To earn an associate's degree, one must first obtain a high school diploma or GED. Individual schools may also have their own requirements, including recommendations, a certain GPA, and a personal statement.
2. Gaining Experience and Skills
2-1. Work as an assistant, helper, or trainee.
As soon as you're done with your postsecondary education, you'll likely start off at an entry level position. Apply to work in any position at car shops or dealerships where you'll get the chance to develop some skills and become experienced. This will help qualify you for better positions.
2-2. Acquire mechanical skills.
If you want to be a good auto mechanic, it's vital that you're able to take apart and put back together the working parts of a machine. Use your knowledge of different parts and how they interact to work on developing your mechanical abilities.
Pay close attention to the lead mechanics that you work with when they work on repairs. Politely ask any questions you have about the names or uses of different car parts or tools.
Look up instructional videos on YouTube of how to make certain repairs in different types of vehicles to widen your knowledge base.
2-3. Work on your troubleshooting abilities.
Auto mechanics identify and fix problems. Even if your current position doesn't put this responsibility on you, pay attention to each case and try to guess what could be wrong with each vehicle. Becoming comfortable and confident with diagnosing issues is essential.
Typically when a vehicle has a problem, something in the way it feels, sounds, smells or looks is most likely wrong or off. Become more familiar with these different sounds, smells, etc. and use them to practice diagnosing.
2-4. Practice good customer service.
As an auto mechanic, you'll have to communicate well with customers to explain problems, solutions, prices, and more. Practice good listening and politeness so that the customers will want to come back.
2-5. Gain physical strength and endurance.
Auto mechanics often have to stand and walk for much of the day, lift heavy parts, and work in awkward positions. By heading to the gym and/or working in an auto service area for much of the day each day, you can build up the necessary strength and endurance to meet expectations and get things done.
Go on long walks around your neighborhood each evening to improve your ability to walk and stand for longer periods.
Do strength exercises at the gym such as bench presses, deadlifts, and squats.
2-6. Prioritize staying organized.
It can be frustrating, inefficient, and expensive to misplace tools and parts in your work space. Avoid these issues by keeping all tools and parts organized.
2-7. Work on improving your dexterity.
As a mechanic, you'll often be expected to work with small parts and in tight spaces. Work on developing good eye-hand coordination and keep a steady hand while working to ensure that you'll be able to handle these challenges.
You can improve your dexterity by doing a variety of exercises, including squeezing a stress ball and stretching your wrists.
3. Getting Licensed and Certified
3-1. Pass all necessary state exams.
To get licensed in the state you live in, you'll likely have to take and pass one or more certification exams. Look up your state's occupational license database online to learn what requirements apply to you.
For example, this is the database for the state of Colorado: https://choosecolorado.com/occupational-license-database/.
3-2. Become certified in handling refrigerant.
Since handling refrigerant can be dangerous, you'll probably have to acquire certification in order to legally work in an environment where this kind of handling is likely. You can get certified through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by taking and passing an exam.
You aren't required to receive any formal training, but many trade schools and unions offer training for this exam.
3-3. Increase your salary with an ASE certification.
While it isn't often required, getting certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) can really help you grow and establish yourself in your career. This type of certification may qualify you to make more money.
You can get certified in nine different specialized auto service areas. Some of these include: automatic transmissions, electrical systems, and engine repair.
3-4. Increase your value by getting manufacturer-specific certification.
If you want to work on vehicles made by a specific manufacturer, it's in your best interest to get certification specific to that manufacturer. This will increase your likelihood of employment if you apply to work at a dealership that sells and services vehicles made by that manufacturer.
Tips
If you want to focus on electrical systems in vehicles instead of general operations, you might consider becoming an automotive electrician instead.
Warnings
Even at top level, you will work in a very physical environment and very rarely make over 80k a year.
If you work in this field, you'll likely be exposed to harsh chemicals and fumes daily.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming Educated\\n1-1. Take electronics and mathematics classes.\\nWhile in high school, take any classes that you can that are relevant to auto mechanic work. If there are automobile-specific classes at your school, then you should make room in your schedule for them. If not, classes focusing on mathematics and/or electronics will give you a strong foundation of knowledge.\\n1-2. Get a high school diploma.\\nWhile there are successful auto mechanics who didn't acquire education after high school, most at least have a high school diploma. Graduating from high school will make it a lot easier to climb the ladder once you start your career.\\n1-3. Complete a certification or vocational program.\\nIn order to set yourself up for success, you'll need to complete some postsecondary education, such as a vocational or certification program. These programs will teach you about the basic functioning and maintenance of vehicles and their systems, and include both lecture-style and hands-on learning. The classes you'll take will cover information about engines, suspensions, transmissions, brakes, and air conditioning and heating. Some certificate options include:\\nIntro to Automotive Technology\\nDiesel Service Techniques\\nAutomotive Electrical Fundamentals\\nFuel and Emissions Systems\\n1-4. Get an associate's degree if you want a well-rounded education.\\nAn alternative option is to acquire an associate's degree in a relevant field. Similar to certificate programs, you'll learn both inside and outside the classroom. It may take a little longer to get than a certificate and may also cost more. However, you'll learn about much more than vehicles, and having a college degree may boost your chances of getting a job. Some associate degree options include:\\nAdvanced Transmission Diagnostics\\nAutomotive Mechanics Technology\\nAutomotive Service Management\\nAlternative Fueled and Hybrid Vehicles\\nTo earn an associate's degree, one must first obtain a high school diploma or GED. Individual schools may also have their own requirements, including recommendations, a certain GPA, and a personal statement.\\n2. Gaining Experience and Skills\\n2-1. Work as an assistant, helper, or trainee.\\nAs soon as you're done with your postsecondary education, you'll likely start off at an entry level position. Apply to work in any position at car shops or dealerships where you'll get the chance to develop some skills and become experienced. This will help qualify you for better positions.\\n2-2. Acquire mechanical skills.\\nIf you want to be a good auto mechanic, it's vital that you're able to take apart and put back together the working parts of a machine. Use your knowledge of different parts and how they interact to work on developing your mechanical abilities.\\nPay close attention to the lead mechanics that you work with when they work on repairs. Politely ask any questions you have about the names or uses of different car parts or tools.\\nLook up instructional videos on YouTube of how to make certain repairs in different types of vehicles to widen your knowledge base.\\n2-3. Work on your troubleshooting abilities.\\nAuto mechanics identify and fix problems. Even if your current position doesn't put this responsibility on you, pay attention to each case and try to guess what could be wrong with each vehicle. Becoming comfortable and confident with diagnosing issues is essential.\\nTypically when a vehicle has a problem, something in the way it feels, sounds, smells or looks is most likely wrong or off. Become more familiar with these different sounds, smells, etc. and use them to practice diagnosing.\\n2-4. Practice good customer service.\\nAs an auto mechanic, you'll have to communicate well with customers to explain problems, solutions, prices, and more. Practice good listening and politeness so that the customers will want to come back.\\n2-5. Gain physical strength and endurance.\\nAuto mechanics often have to stand and walk for much of the day, lift heavy parts, and work in awkward positions. By heading to the gym and/or working in an auto service area for much of the day each day, you can build up the necessary strength and endurance to meet expectations and get things done. \\nGo on long walks around your neighborhood each evening to improve your ability to walk and stand for longer periods.\\nDo strength exercises at the gym such as bench presses, deadlifts, and squats.\\n2-6. Prioritize staying organized.\\nIt can be frustrating, inefficient, and expensive to misplace tools and parts in your work space. Avoid these issues by keeping all tools and parts organized.\\n2-7. Work on improving your dexterity.\\nAs a mechanic, you'll often be expected to work with small parts and in tight spaces. Work on developing good eye-hand coordination and keep a steady hand while working to ensure that you'll be able to handle these challenges.\\nYou can improve your dexterity by doing a variety of exercises, including squeezing a stress ball and stretching your wrists.\\n3. Getting Licensed and Certified\\n3-1. Pass all necessary state exams.\\nTo get licensed in the state you live in, you'll likely have to take and pass one or more certification exams. Look up your state's occupational license database online to learn what requirements apply to you.\\nFor example, this is the database for the state of Colorado: https://choosecolorado.com/occupational-license-database/.\\n3-2. Become certified in handling refrigerant.\\nSince handling refrigerant can be dangerous, you'll probably have to acquire certification in order to legally work in an environment where this kind of handling is likely. You can get certified through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by taking and passing an exam.\\nYou aren't required to receive any formal training, but many trade schools and unions offer training for this exam.\\n3-3. Increase your salary with an ASE certification.\\nWhile it isn't often required, getting certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) can really help you grow and establish yourself in your career. This type of certification may qualify you to make more money.\\nYou can get certified in nine different specialized auto service areas. Some of these include: automatic transmissions, electrical systems, and engine repair.\\n3-4. Increase your value by getting manufacturer-specific certification.\\nIf you want to work on vehicles made by a specific manufacturer, it's in your best interest to get certification specific to that manufacturer. This will increase your likelihood of employment if you apply to work at a dealership that sells and services vehicles made by that manufacturer.\\nTips\\nIf you want to focus on electrical systems in vehicles instead of general operations, you might consider becoming an automotive electrician instead.\\nWarnings\\nEven at top level, you will work in a very physical environment and very rarely make over 80k a year.\\nIf you work in this field, you'll likely be exposed to harsh chemicals and fumes daily.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have a knack for working on cars, you might be thinking about starting a career as an auto mechanic. Just like with any other job, you can prepare yourself for this line of work by gaining relevant knowledge and experience. Get an education, develop a skill set, and get licensed and certified in order to become an auto mechanic. Soon, you'll be on your way to starting a career you're passionate about.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming Educated\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take electronics and mathematics classes.\", \"描述\": \"While in high school, take any classes that you can that are relevant to auto mechanic work. If there are automobile-specific classes at your school, then you should make room in your schedule for them. If not, classes focusing on mathematics and/or electronics will give you a strong foundation of knowledge.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"While there are successful auto mechanics who didn't acquire education after high school, most at least have a high school diploma. Graduating from high school will make it a lot easier to climb the ladder once you start your career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a certification or vocational program.\", \"描述\": \"In order to set yourself up for success, you'll need to complete some postsecondary education, such as a vocational or certification program. These programs will teach you about the basic functioning and maintenance of vehicles and their systems, and include both lecture-style and hands-on learning. The classes you'll take will cover information about engines, suspensions, transmissions, brakes, and air conditioning and heating. Some certificate options include:\\nIntro to Automotive Technology\\nDiesel Service Techniques\\nAutomotive Electrical Fundamentals\\nFuel and Emissions Systems\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an associate's degree if you want a well-rounded education.\", \"描述\": \"An alternative option is to acquire an associate's degree in a relevant field. Similar to certificate programs, you'll learn both inside and outside the classroom. It may take a little longer to get than a certificate and may also cost more. However, you'll learn about much more than vehicles, and having a college degree may boost your chances of getting a job. Some associate degree options include:\\nAdvanced Transmission Diagnostics\\nAutomotive Mechanics Technology\\nAutomotive Service Management\\nAlternative Fueled and Hybrid Vehicles\\nTo earn an associate's degree, one must first obtain a high school diploma or GED. Individual schools may also have their own requirements, including recommendations, a certain GPA, and a personal statement.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience and Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work as an assistant, helper, or trainee.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as you're done with your postsecondary education, you'll likely start off at an entry level position. Apply to work in any position at car shops or dealerships where you'll get the chance to develop some skills and become experienced. This will help qualify you for better positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acquire mechanical skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a good auto mechanic, it's vital that you're able to take apart and put back together the working parts of a machine. Use your knowledge of different parts and how they interact to work on developing your mechanical abilities.\\nPay close attention to the lead mechanics that you work with when they work on repairs. Politely ask any questions you have about the names or uses of different car parts or tools.\\nLook up instructional videos on YouTube of how to make certain repairs in different types of vehicles to widen your knowledge base.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work on your troubleshooting abilities.\", \"描述\": \"Auto mechanics identify and fix problems. Even if your current position doesn't put this responsibility on you, pay attention to each case and try to guess what could be wrong with each vehicle. Becoming comfortable and confident with diagnosing issues is essential.\\nTypically when a vehicle has a problem, something in the way it feels, sounds, smells or looks is most likely wrong or off. Become more familiar with these different sounds, smells, etc. and use them to practice diagnosing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice good customer service.\", \"描述\": \"As an auto mechanic, you'll have to communicate well with customers to explain problems, solutions, prices, and more. Practice good listening and politeness so that the customers will want to come back.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Gain physical strength and endurance.\", \"描述\": \"Auto mechanics often have to stand and walk for much of the day, lift heavy parts, and work in awkward positions. By heading to the gym and/or working in an auto service area for much of the day each day, you can build up the necessary strength and endurance to meet expectations and get things done. \\nGo on long walks around your neighborhood each evening to improve your ability to walk and stand for longer periods.\\nDo strength exercises at the gym such as bench presses, deadlifts, and squats.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prioritize staying organized.\", \"描述\": \"It can be frustrating, inefficient, and expensive to misplace tools and parts in your work space. Avoid these issues by keeping all tools and parts organized.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Work on improving your dexterity.\", \"描述\": \"As a mechanic, you'll often be expected to work with small parts and in tight spaces. Work on developing good eye-hand coordination and keep a steady hand while working to ensure that you'll be able to handle these challenges.\\nYou can improve your dexterity by doing a variety of exercises, including squeezing a stress ball and stretching your wrists.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed and Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass all necessary state exams.\", \"描述\": \"To get licensed in the state you live in, you'll likely have to take and pass one or more certification exams. Look up your state's occupational license database online to learn what requirements apply to you.\\nFor example, this is the database for the state of Colorado: https://choosecolorado.com/occupational-license-database/.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become certified in handling refrigerant.\", \"描述\": \"Since handling refrigerant can be dangerous, you'll probably have to acquire certification in order to legally work in an environment where this kind of handling is likely. You can get certified through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by taking and passing an exam.\\nYou aren't required to receive any formal training, but many trade schools and unions offer training for this exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Increase your salary with an ASE certification.\", \"描述\": \"While it isn't often required, getting certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) can really help you grow and establish yourself in your career. This type of certification may qualify you to make more money.\\nYou can get certified in nine different specialized auto service areas. Some of these include: automatic transmissions, electrical systems, and engine repair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Increase your value by getting manufacturer-specific certification.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to work on vehicles made by a specific manufacturer, it's in your best interest to get certification specific to that manufacturer. This will increase your likelihood of employment if you apply to work at a dealership that sells and services vehicles made by that manufacturer.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you want to focus on electrical systems in vehicles instead of general operations, you might consider becoming an automotive electrician instead.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Even at top level, you will work in a very physical environment and very rarely make over 80k a year.\\n\", \"If you work in this field, you'll likely be exposed to harsh chemicals and fumes daily.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,965 |
How to Become an Autodidact
|
1. Beginning the Process
1-1. Gather the essentials.
To become an autodidact, you’ll need a few supplies. Learning doesn’t happen in a vacuum; you need some tools to help you along the way. To start off, get a notebook, pen, and maybe a nice cup of coffee.
Get a small notebook that you can bring with you everywhere. This will be useful to write down observations or ideas as well as topics for further study as you think of them.
You’ll also want easy access to the internet. This is a great source of information, so having a smartphone or some kind of device that allows you to access the internet whenever you want to look into a topic will help you become an autodidact.
1-2. Set goals and a deadline.
Ask yourself why you are learning about a certain topic, how much you hope to learn, and when you want to finish. This is an important step as actually putting this information down on paper would make the plan more concrete and push you to keep at it without giving up.
Chart out how many hours a day you can set aside for learning and try and stick to the timetable. You could do weekly assessments and see if the timetable is effective and reevaluate if it isn't.
1-3. Decide what to learn.
You must decide on what to focus on. Knowledge is vast and it is not possible to learn everything. Select smaller sections of topics to begin with so that you can easily acquire all the knowledge on that given subject. Once you have mastered this piece, then you can move on to another topic or to a more inclusive view of a larger subject.
For instance, if you are planning to learn history, then it would be best to pick a time period or a particular country. This way you can concentrate on certain aspects and not be bogged down by the magnitude of information.
Choose topics that you are passionate about.
1-4. Identify the resources.
There are many learning resources available like books, the Internet, documentaries, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is not realistic to expect yourself to learn by being constantly involved with all these resources. So, pick one or a combination of the resources for yourself.
For example: to learn about the government of India, you could choose ten books and a MOOC. Or you could learn only with books. Or you might want to go through articles and essays available online.
2. Using Books to Learn
2-1. Make a list of books on the topic.
With this method, you’ll essentially be studying a topic by learning about it from different perspectives. To begin, you’ll need to make a list of books that relate to a certain topic you’re interested in studying.
You could begin compiling your list of books by searching for the topic on websites like Goodreads or Amazon.
2-2. Start with a book on the list.
It doesn't matter which book you read first unless you have a specific order in mind from the offset. For example, you may want to start with a book that offers a broader view of the topic before getting into more nuanced aspects of the subject. When you are finished with that, move on to the next book on the list. This is how swarming works. You reading everything on a certain topic from different authors' perspectives.
If you decide to start studying the Civil War, you might want to begin with a book that gives a broad overview of the war in general before moving on to books that discuss individual aspects of the war like the Battle of Gettysburg or the problems with Civil War prisons.
2-3. Take notes as you read.
Note taking allows you to process the information you gathered while reading. This way you can question yourself about how well you understood the topic and also remember pertinent information.
Maintain a glossary in your notebook for words and concepts related to the subject you are learning about.
2-4. Expand your reading list.
You should be constantly adding to your reading list on a topic as you encounter new sources of information. If you want to read everything written about a topic, you’ll need to be on the lookout for new material to enlighten you.
You could decide what to read next either from the works cited in a book you finished or from a new Google search. Or you might choose what to read next based on some new concept you read about in the last book.
3. Learning through Alternative Methods
3-1. Take advantage of MOOCs.
Many colleges and universities offer Massive Open Online Courses, which are free online courses you can register for to learn about various topics and subjects. They are offered in various languages and at various times in order to reach the widest audience possible.
Enroll in as many MOOCs as you can on your desired topic and engage fully in the course. Do all the readings and participate in online discussions for the class. This is a great, free way to learn more about a subject.
3-2. Look out for documentaries on the topic.
Watching documentaries allows you to see some of the information dramatized. They can also give you more clarity on what you already read or might read in the future and help you remember it better. You can get documentaries at your local library or through a service like Netflix.
There are many documentaries that offer visual depictions of historical events that will help you to visualize the topic more clearly.
There are also many historically accurate films you can watch to broaden your understanding of a topic.
3-3. Watch TED talks.
Another great way to learn about a subject is by watching TED talks. TED is a nonprofit organization focused on the fields of Technology, Entertainment, and Design which hosts talks intended to spread ideas on innovative subjects. The invited speakers are usually leaders in their field and have some new take on a subject or some inventive idea that they speak about in their short presentation.
You can search the TED talks website by topic, category, speaker, language, date, or keyword. So it is easy to find something informative on the topic you wish to study.
3-4. Visit historical sites.
One of the best ways to learn about a topic is by going to the place where it actually happened or where there is some kind of monument or official location celebrating the subject.
For example, if you’re interested in learning about French culture, consider spending some time in France so you can experience the culture firsthand rather than just read about it.
You could also visit museums dedicated to your topic. For example, if you are studying the life of Ernest Hemingway, you could consider visiting the Ernest Hemingway Museum in Oak Park, Illinois, or the Hemingway House in Key West, Florida.
3-5. Read organizational newsletters.
Sometimes official organizations have newsletters that they send out to subscribers interested in their topic. They usually cover news regarding the topic, upcoming events that might be of interest to followers, and other important updates related to the subject.
Such newsletters might be sent out biweekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually.
For example, if you are interested in studying American literature, you might consider subscribing to the Modern American Literature (MLA) newsletter or the American Literature Association (ALA) newsletter, or even an author-specific newsletter like the Walt Whitman Review or the Henry James Review.
4. Keeping Track of the Things You Learn
4-1. Brainstorm at each stage of learning.
Jot down any ideas you might have about the subject before you start learning. When you are in the middle of learning about your topic, try to brainstorm and summarize your knowledge again to see what you’ve taken away about the topic so far. And when you have finished reading everything you want to about the subject, take stock of your new knowledge by brainstorming again.
This will help you synthesize all of the knowledge you’ve acquired, but it will also allow you to keep track of how far you’ve come during the process.
4-2. Keep a journal.
As you are learning new things, it’s important that you write them down so that you can refer back to them at a later date. This will allow you to maintain your new knowledge more effectively. Reading something once won’t necessarily make it stick in your mind forever, but the act of writing and reviewing a piece of information will help log it in your long term memory.
Write down interesting facts you learn and your observations about them. You can take notes regarding where the information came from – giving the name of the book and page number in case you want to go back to the original source later.
4-3. Create a blog.
Another good way to keep track of your newly attained knowledge is by keeping it organized in some kind of online forum. This way, you’ll have access to it wherever you are – even if you leave your notebooks at home.
Invite your friends to read them and comment on it. You could start up a discussion there. The best way to learn something is to share your knowledge with others.
Tips
Use different colored pens while taking down notes and highlight important concepts and words. This way the information will pop out when you go through the notebook later.
Maintain a binder instead of a notebook. This is more convenient if you want to add more information.
Annotate in the book as well and record where the annotation is in your notebook.
Warnings
Be kind to yourself. Teaching yourself something can be stressful, so take regular breaks and sleep well.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Beginning the Process\\n1-1. Gather the essentials.\\nTo become an autodidact, you’ll need a few supplies. Learning doesn’t happen in a vacuum; you need some tools to help you along the way. To start off, get a notebook, pen, and maybe a nice cup of coffee.\\nGet a small notebook that you can bring with you everywhere. This will be useful to write down observations or ideas as well as topics for further study as you think of them.\\nYou’ll also want easy access to the internet. This is a great source of information, so having a smartphone or some kind of device that allows you to access the internet whenever you want to look into a topic will help you become an autodidact.\\n1-2. Set goals and a deadline.\\nAsk yourself why you are learning about a certain topic, how much you hope to learn, and when you want to finish. This is an important step as actually putting this information down on paper would make the plan more concrete and push you to keep at it without giving up.\\nChart out how many hours a day you can set aside for learning and try and stick to the timetable. You could do weekly assessments and see if the timetable is effective and reevaluate if it isn't.\\n1-3. Decide what to learn.\\nYou must decide on what to focus on. Knowledge is vast and it is not possible to learn everything. Select smaller sections of topics to begin with so that you can easily acquire all the knowledge on that given subject. Once you have mastered this piece, then you can move on to another topic or to a more inclusive view of a larger subject.\\nFor instance, if you are planning to learn history, then it would be best to pick a time period or a particular country. This way you can concentrate on certain aspects and not be bogged down by the magnitude of information.\\nChoose topics that you are passionate about.\\n1-4. Identify the resources.\\nThere are many learning resources available like books, the Internet, documentaries, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is not realistic to expect yourself to learn by being constantly involved with all these resources. So, pick one or a combination of the resources for yourself.\\nFor example: to learn about the government of India, you could choose ten books and a MOOC. Or you could learn only with books. Or you might want to go through articles and essays available online.\\n2. Using Books to Learn\\n2-1. Make a list of books on the topic.\\nWith this method, you’ll essentially be studying a topic by learning about it from different perspectives. To begin, you’ll need to make a list of books that relate to a certain topic you’re interested in studying.\\nYou could begin compiling your list of books by searching for the topic on websites like Goodreads or Amazon.\\n2-2. Start with a book on the list.\\nIt doesn't matter which book you read first unless you have a specific order in mind from the offset. For example, you may want to start with a book that offers a broader view of the topic before getting into more nuanced aspects of the subject. When you are finished with that, move on to the next book on the list. This is how swarming works. You reading everything on a certain topic from different authors' perspectives.\\nIf you decide to start studying the Civil War, you might want to begin with a book that gives a broad overview of the war in general before moving on to books that discuss individual aspects of the war like the Battle of Gettysburg or the problems with Civil War prisons.\\n2-3. Take notes as you read.\\nNote taking allows you to process the information you gathered while reading. This way you can question yourself about how well you understood the topic and also remember pertinent information.\\nMaintain a glossary in your notebook for words and concepts related to the subject you are learning about.\\n2-4. Expand your reading list.\\nYou should be constantly adding to your reading list on a topic as you encounter new sources of information. If you want to read everything written about a topic, you’ll need to be on the lookout for new material to enlighten you.\\nYou could decide what to read next either from the works cited in a book you finished or from a new Google search. Or you might choose what to read next based on some new concept you read about in the last book.\\n3. Learning through Alternative Methods\\n3-1. Take advantage of MOOCs.\\nMany colleges and universities offer Massive Open Online Courses, which are free online courses you can register for to learn about various topics and subjects. They are offered in various languages and at various times in order to reach the widest audience possible.\\nEnroll in as many MOOCs as you can on your desired topic and engage fully in the course. Do all the readings and participate in online discussions for the class. This is a great, free way to learn more about a subject.\\n3-2. Look out for documentaries on the topic.\\nWatching documentaries allows you to see some of the information dramatized. They can also give you more clarity on what you already read or might read in the future and help you remember it better. You can get documentaries at your local library or through a service like Netflix.\\nThere are many documentaries that offer visual depictions of historical events that will help you to visualize the topic more clearly.\\nThere are also many historically accurate films you can watch to broaden your understanding of a topic.\\n3-3. Watch TED talks.\\nAnother great way to learn about a subject is by watching TED talks. TED is a nonprofit organization focused on the fields of Technology, Entertainment, and Design which hosts talks intended to spread ideas on innovative subjects. The invited speakers are usually leaders in their field and have some new take on a subject or some inventive idea that they speak about in their short presentation.\\nYou can search the TED talks website by topic, category, speaker, language, date, or keyword. So it is easy to find something informative on the topic you wish to study.\\n3-4. Visit historical sites.\\nOne of the best ways to learn about a topic is by going to the place where it actually happened or where there is some kind of monument or official location celebrating the subject.\\nFor example, if you’re interested in learning about French culture, consider spending some time in France so you can experience the culture firsthand rather than just read about it.\\nYou could also visit museums dedicated to your topic. For example, if you are studying the life of Ernest Hemingway, you could consider visiting the Ernest Hemingway Museum in Oak Park, Illinois, or the Hemingway House in Key West, Florida.\\n3-5. Read organizational newsletters.\\nSometimes official organizations have newsletters that they send out to subscribers interested in their topic. They usually cover news regarding the topic, upcoming events that might be of interest to followers, and other important updates related to the subject.\\nSuch newsletters might be sent out biweekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually.\\nFor example, if you are interested in studying American literature, you might consider subscribing to the Modern American Literature (MLA) newsletter or the American Literature Association (ALA) newsletter, or even an author-specific newsletter like the Walt Whitman Review or the Henry James Review.\\n4. Keeping Track of the Things You Learn\\n4-1. Brainstorm at each stage of learning.\\nJot down any ideas you might have about the subject before you start learning. When you are in the middle of learning about your topic, try to brainstorm and summarize your knowledge again to see what you’ve taken away about the topic so far. And when you have finished reading everything you want to about the subject, take stock of your new knowledge by brainstorming again.\\nThis will help you synthesize all of the knowledge you’ve acquired, but it will also allow you to keep track of how far you’ve come during the process.\\n4-2. Keep a journal.\\nAs you are learning new things, it’s important that you write them down so that you can refer back to them at a later date. This will allow you to maintain your new knowledge more effectively. Reading something once won’t necessarily make it stick in your mind forever, but the act of writing and reviewing a piece of information will help log it in your long term memory.\\nWrite down interesting facts you learn and your observations about them. You can take notes regarding where the information came from – giving the name of the book and page number in case you want to go back to the original source later.\\n4-3. Create a blog.\\nAnother good way to keep track of your newly attained knowledge is by keeping it organized in some kind of online forum. This way, you’ll have access to it wherever you are – even if you leave your notebooks at home.\\nInvite your friends to read them and comment on it. You could start up a discussion there. The best way to learn something is to share your knowledge with others.\\nTips\\nUse different colored pens while taking down notes and highlight important concepts and words. This way the information will pop out when you go through the notebook later.\\nMaintain a binder instead of a notebook. This is more convenient if you want to add more information.\\nAnnotate in the book as well and record where the annotation is in your notebook.\\nWarnings\\nBe kind to yourself. Teaching yourself something can be stressful, so take regular breaks and sleep well.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An autodidact is someone who teaches themselves about a subject or subjects in which they do not have any formal education. Notable autodidacts include Leonardo da Vinci, Rabindranath Tagore, and Ernest Hemingway. Continuous learning is the only way one can remain competitive in today's world in which automation is the buzzword. With the rise of online learning, you can learn anything you like at virtually no cost. All you need to do is spare an hour or two a day. With a little effort, you can learn how to be an autodidact in any subject.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Beginning the Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gather the essentials.\", \"描述\": \"To become an autodidact, you’ll need a few supplies. Learning doesn’t happen in a vacuum; you need some tools to help you along the way. To start off, get a notebook, pen, and maybe a nice cup of coffee.\\nGet a small notebook that you can bring with you everywhere. This will be useful to write down observations or ideas as well as topics for further study as you think of them.\\nYou’ll also want easy access to the internet. This is a great source of information, so having a smartphone or some kind of device that allows you to access the internet whenever you want to look into a topic will help you become an autodidact.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set goals and a deadline.\", \"描述\": \"Ask yourself why you are learning about a certain topic, how much you hope to learn, and when you want to finish. This is an important step as actually putting this information down on paper would make the plan more concrete and push you to keep at it without giving up.\\nChart out how many hours a day you can set aside for learning and try and stick to the timetable. You could do weekly assessments and see if the timetable is effective and reevaluate if it isn't.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide what to learn.\", \"描述\": \"You must decide on what to focus on. Knowledge is vast and it is not possible to learn everything. Select smaller sections of topics to begin with so that you can easily acquire all the knowledge on that given subject. Once you have mastered this piece, then you can move on to another topic or to a more inclusive view of a larger subject.\\nFor instance, if you are planning to learn history, then it would be best to pick a time period or a particular country. This way you can concentrate on certain aspects and not be bogged down by the magnitude of information.\\nChoose topics that you are passionate about.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Identify the resources.\", \"描述\": \"There are many learning resources available like books, the Internet, documentaries, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is not realistic to expect yourself to learn by being constantly involved with all these resources. So, pick one or a combination of the resources for yourself.\\nFor example: to learn about the government of India, you could choose ten books and a MOOC. Or you could learn only with books. Or you might want to go through articles and essays available online.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Books to Learn\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a list of books on the topic.\", \"描述\": \"With this method, you’ll essentially be studying a topic by learning about it from different perspectives. To begin, you’ll need to make a list of books that relate to a certain topic you’re interested in studying.\\nYou could begin compiling your list of books by searching for the topic on websites like Goodreads or Amazon.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with a book on the list.\", \"描述\": \"It doesn't matter which book you read first unless you have a specific order in mind from the offset. For example, you may want to start with a book that offers a broader view of the topic before getting into more nuanced aspects of the subject. When you are finished with that, move on to the next book on the list. This is how swarming works. You reading everything on a certain topic from different authors' perspectives.\\nIf you decide to start studying the Civil War, you might want to begin with a book that gives a broad overview of the war in general before moving on to books that discuss individual aspects of the war like the Battle of Gettysburg or the problems with Civil War prisons.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take notes as you read.\", \"描述\": \"Note taking allows you to process the information you gathered while reading. This way you can question yourself about how well you understood the topic and also remember pertinent information.\\nMaintain a glossary in your notebook for words and concepts related to the subject you are learning about.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Expand your reading list.\", \"描述\": \"You should be constantly adding to your reading list on a topic as you encounter new sources of information. If you want to read everything written about a topic, you’ll need to be on the lookout for new material to enlighten you.\\nYou could decide what to read next either from the works cited in a book you finished or from a new Google search. Or you might choose what to read next based on some new concept you read about in the last book.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learning through Alternative Methods\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take advantage of MOOCs.\", \"描述\": \"Many colleges and universities offer Massive Open Online Courses, which are free online courses you can register for to learn about various topics and subjects. They are offered in various languages and at various times in order to reach the widest audience possible.\\nEnroll in as many MOOCs as you can on your desired topic and engage fully in the course. Do all the readings and participate in online discussions for the class. This is a great, free way to learn more about a subject.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look out for documentaries on the topic.\", \"描述\": \"Watching documentaries allows you to see some of the information dramatized. They can also give you more clarity on what you already read or might read in the future and help you remember it better. You can get documentaries at your local library or through a service like Netflix.\\nThere are many documentaries that offer visual depictions of historical events that will help you to visualize the topic more clearly.\\nThere are also many historically accurate films you can watch to broaden your understanding of a topic.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Watch TED talks.\", \"描述\": \"Another great way to learn about a subject is by watching TED talks. TED is a nonprofit organization focused on the fields of Technology, Entertainment, and Design which hosts talks intended to spread ideas on innovative subjects. The invited speakers are usually leaders in their field and have some new take on a subject or some inventive idea that they speak about in their short presentation.\\nYou can search the TED talks website by topic, category, speaker, language, date, or keyword. So it is easy to find something informative on the topic you wish to study.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Visit historical sites.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to learn about a topic is by going to the place where it actually happened or where there is some kind of monument or official location celebrating the subject.\\nFor example, if you’re interested in learning about French culture, consider spending some time in France so you can experience the culture firsthand rather than just read about it.\\nYou could also visit museums dedicated to your topic. For example, if you are studying the life of Ernest Hemingway, you could consider visiting the Ernest Hemingway Museum in Oak Park, Illinois, or the Hemingway House in Key West, Florida.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Read organizational newsletters.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes official organizations have newsletters that they send out to subscribers interested in their topic. They usually cover news regarding the topic, upcoming events that might be of interest to followers, and other important updates related to the subject.\\nSuch newsletters might be sent out biweekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually.\\nFor example, if you are interested in studying American literature, you might consider subscribing to the Modern American Literature (MLA) newsletter or the American Literature Association (ALA) newsletter, or even an author-specific newsletter like the Walt Whitman Review or the Henry James Review.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keeping Track of the Things You Learn\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brainstorm at each stage of learning.\", \"描述\": \"Jot down any ideas you might have about the subject before you start learning. When you are in the middle of learning about your topic, try to brainstorm and summarize your knowledge again to see what you’ve taken away about the topic so far. And when you have finished reading everything you want to about the subject, take stock of your new knowledge by brainstorming again.\\nThis will help you synthesize all of the knowledge you’ve acquired, but it will also allow you to keep track of how far you’ve come during the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep a journal.\", \"描述\": \"As you are learning new things, it’s important that you write them down so that you can refer back to them at a later date. This will allow you to maintain your new knowledge more effectively. Reading something once won’t necessarily make it stick in your mind forever, but the act of writing and reviewing a piece of information will help log it in your long term memory.\\nWrite down interesting facts you learn and your observations about them. You can take notes regarding where the information came from – giving the name of the book and page number in case you want to go back to the original source later.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create a blog.\", \"描述\": \"Another good way to keep track of your newly attained knowledge is by keeping it organized in some kind of online forum. This way, you’ll have access to it wherever you are – even if you leave your notebooks at home.\\nInvite your friends to read them and comment on it. You could start up a discussion there. The best way to learn something is to share your knowledge with others.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use different colored pens while taking down notes and highlight important concepts and words. This way the information will pop out when you go through the notebook later.\\n\", \"Maintain a binder instead of a notebook. This is more convenient if you want to add more information.\\n\", \"Annotate in the book as well and record where the annotation is in your notebook.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be kind to yourself. Teaching yourself something can be stressful, so take regular breaks and sleep well.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,966 |
How to Become an Automobile Journalist
|
1. Steps
1-1. Take journalism classes.
A college degree is not always a necessity, but it can help you establish a career as a writer. Even if you do not get a degree, take as many journalism and writing classes as you can.
Write for your school newspaper or magazine. Get as many publication credits as you can while you are studying. This will help you provide writing samples when you are looking for a job.
1-2. Study automotive news.
While you are preparing for your career, read everything you can about the automotive industry. Popular publications include Car & Driver, Motor Trend and Automotive News.
Check your local newspaper. Some newspapers still have an automotive section. Read them every week. If your paper does not have an auto section, read the Detroit Free Press or the Los Angeles Times for automotive news in 2 of the largest markets.
1-3. Attend car shows.
Major car shows take place annually in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Detroit, Chicago, New York, New Jersey as well as internationally. There may be smaller car shows in your area as well.
Talk to journalists and industry experts. Introduce yourself and talk about cars, recent automotive news, and the craft of writing about it. Car shows are a great way to network and make valuable contacts.
1-4. Learn what you can about engineering.
Some automobile journalists begin their careers as automotive engineers. Having a technical background will help you produce automotive pieces on a variety of subjects.
1-5. Follow motor sports.
Race car driving is a huge part of automotive news. You will need to understand who the players are, what they are driving, and what cars have to do to run at extreme speeds.
1-6. Prepare to freelance.
Staff jobs are competitive at magazines and websites. Beginning your career as a freelancer will likely be necessary.
Submit stories and articles anywhere you can, including men's magazines and lifestyle publications. Write about what interests you in automotive news, so you can demonstrate your passion and intelligent writing.
Write a variety of stories, including opinion pieces, reviews, interviews and features.
1-7. Understand how the automotive industry works.
Stay up to date on the calendar of car shows, launches and product testing.
1-8. Develop a thick skin.
Editors will often be critical, and as a freelancer, your stories and articles may get rejected or ignored. Learn how to persevere and motivate yourself.
1-9. Keep a flexible schedule.
Most automotive journalists stay busy, and you will need to be available to travel.
1-10. Develop your portfolio.
Collect all of your published works or links to your online writing, and keep them with your resume, which should highlight your education and writing experience.
1-11. Look for positions as a staff writer.
While staff positions are hard to find, keep in touch with editors at the publications and websites you would like to work for. Ask them to advise you when positions become available.
Tips
Develop relationships with editors. They are in the best position to further your career.
Make yourself better with experience. Visit Car shops. Make friends with car enthusiasts.
Learn photography. Taking your own pictures will sometimes be necessary, especially when you are freelancing.
Warnings
While freelance automotive journalists can make a good living, they rarely have a guaranteed income. Flexibility and patience is required.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Take journalism classes.\\nA college degree is not always a necessity, but it can help you establish a career as a writer. Even if you do not get a degree, take as many journalism and writing classes as you can.\\nWrite for your school newspaper or magazine. Get as many publication credits as you can while you are studying. This will help you provide writing samples when you are looking for a job.\\n1-2. Study automotive news.\\nWhile you are preparing for your career, read everything you can about the automotive industry. Popular publications include Car & Driver, Motor Trend and Automotive News.\\nCheck your local newspaper. Some newspapers still have an automotive section. Read them every week. If your paper does not have an auto section, read the Detroit Free Press or the Los Angeles Times for automotive news in 2 of the largest markets.\\n1-3. Attend car shows.\\nMajor car shows take place annually in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Detroit, Chicago, New York, New Jersey as well as internationally. There may be smaller car shows in your area as well.\\nTalk to journalists and industry experts. Introduce yourself and talk about cars, recent automotive news, and the craft of writing about it. Car shows are a great way to network and make valuable contacts.\\n1-4. Learn what you can about engineering.\\nSome automobile journalists begin their careers as automotive engineers. Having a technical background will help you produce automotive pieces on a variety of subjects.\\n1-5. Follow motor sports.\\nRace car driving is a huge part of automotive news. You will need to understand who the players are, what they are driving, and what cars have to do to run at extreme speeds.\\n1-6. Prepare to freelance.\\nStaff jobs are competitive at magazines and websites. Beginning your career as a freelancer will likely be necessary.\\nSubmit stories and articles anywhere you can, including men's magazines and lifestyle publications. Write about what interests you in automotive news, so you can demonstrate your passion and intelligent writing.\\nWrite a variety of stories, including opinion pieces, reviews, interviews and features.\\n1-7. Understand how the automotive industry works.\\nStay up to date on the calendar of car shows, launches and product testing.\\n1-8. Develop a thick skin.\\nEditors will often be critical, and as a freelancer, your stories and articles may get rejected or ignored. Learn how to persevere and motivate yourself.\\n1-9. Keep a flexible schedule.\\nMost automotive journalists stay busy, and you will need to be available to travel.\\n1-10. Develop your portfolio.\\nCollect all of your published works or links to your online writing, and keep them with your resume, which should highlight your education and writing experience.\\n1-11. Look for positions as a staff writer.\\nWhile staff positions are hard to find, keep in touch with editors at the publications and websites you would like to work for. Ask them to advise you when positions become available.\\nTips\\nDevelop relationships with editors. They are in the best position to further your career.\\nMake yourself better with experience. Visit Car shops. Make friends with car enthusiasts.\\nLearn photography. Taking your own pictures will sometimes be necessary, especially when you are freelancing.\\nWarnings\\nWhile freelance automotive journalists can make a good living, they rarely have a guaranteed income. Flexibility and patience is required.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Automobile journalists are responsible for reviewing and reporting on new cars and developments in the motor vehicle industry. They often test drive new cars, and provide opinions to consumers through magazines, newsletters, newspapers, websites and broadcast media such as television and radio. Automobile journalists are excellent writers who have a broad knowledge of cars, and excellent relationships with industry analysts. Become an automobile journalist by studying journalism and writing, and learning everything you can about the automotive industry.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take journalism classes.\", \"描述\": \"A college degree is not always a necessity, but it can help you establish a career as a writer. Even if you do not get a degree, take as many journalism and writing classes as you can.\\nWrite for your school newspaper or magazine. Get as many publication credits as you can while you are studying. This will help you provide writing samples when you are looking for a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study automotive news.\", \"描述\": \"While you are preparing for your career, read everything you can about the automotive industry. Popular publications include Car & Driver, Motor Trend and Automotive News.\\nCheck your local newspaper. Some newspapers still have an automotive section. Read them every week. If your paper does not have an auto section, read the Detroit Free Press or the Los Angeles Times for automotive news in 2 of the largest markets.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend car shows.\", \"描述\": \"Major car shows take place annually in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Detroit, Chicago, New York, New Jersey as well as internationally. There may be smaller car shows in your area as well.\\nTalk to journalists and industry experts. Introduce yourself and talk about cars, recent automotive news, and the craft of writing about it. Car shows are a great way to network and make valuable contacts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn what you can about engineering.\", \"描述\": \"Some automobile journalists begin their careers as automotive engineers. Having a technical background will help you produce automotive pieces on a variety of subjects.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow motor sports.\", \"描述\": \"Race car driving is a huge part of automotive news. You will need to understand who the players are, what they are driving, and what cars have to do to run at extreme speeds.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare to freelance.\", \"描述\": \"Staff jobs are competitive at magazines and websites. Beginning your career as a freelancer will likely be necessary.\\nSubmit stories and articles anywhere you can, including men's magazines and lifestyle publications. Write about what interests you in automotive news, so you can demonstrate your passion and intelligent writing.\\nWrite a variety of stories, including opinion pieces, reviews, interviews and features.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Understand how the automotive industry works.\", \"描述\": \"Stay up to date on the calendar of car shows, launches and product testing.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Develop a thick skin.\", \"描述\": \"Editors will often be critical, and as a freelancer, your stories and articles may get rejected or ignored. Learn how to persevere and motivate yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Keep a flexible schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Most automotive journalists stay busy, and you will need to be available to travel.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Develop your portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"Collect all of your published works or links to your online writing, and keep them with your resume, which should highlight your education and writing experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Look for positions as a staff writer.\", \"描述\": \"While staff positions are hard to find, keep in touch with editors at the publications and websites you would like to work for. Ask them to advise you when positions become available.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Develop relationships with editors. They are in the best position to further your career.\\n\", \"Make yourself better with experience. Visit Car shops. Make friends with car enthusiasts.\\n\", \"Learn photography. Taking your own pictures will sometimes be necessary, especially when you are freelancing.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"While freelance automotive journalists can make a good living, they rarely have a guaranteed income. Flexibility and patience is required.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,967 |
How to Become an Automotive Engineer
|
1. Starting Out
1-1. Learn about the career path.
Before you begin the path to becoming an automotive engineer, spend some time familiarizing yourself with the required career path. Being an automotive engineer is a difficult job, but it can be fulfilling and tends to pay fairly high.
Automotive engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on cars. As an automotive engineer, you'll work on designing, building, and testing a variety of features involved in an automobile. It can be exciting work as you're always thinking of innovative ways to make cars run more efficiently.
Growth-wise, the demand for automotive engineers is growing by about 7% each year. If you have solid training and experience, you should be able to land a stable job. The average starting salary is roughly between $50,000 and $60,000 a year and rises as you gain experience. After 5 to 9 years of experience, automotive engineers make between $54,000 and $76,000 a year.
If you're interested in cars and designs, and have a creative side and an interest in the technical aspects of automobiles, this could potentially be a good career path for you.
1-2. Gain experience in high school.
You can start off your path towards becoming an automotive engineer in high school. Studying hard, taking the right courses, and seeking experience can all help with your career goals down the line.
Math courses are important if you want to be an automotive engineer. Try to build a strong foundation in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and pre-calculus. When it comes to science, focus on chemistry and physics. Opt for AP coursework when possible.
You will need effective communication skills as well. Try to do well in language arts and English classes. While you do not necessarily need to stock up on lots of English and art electives, taking the required coursework seriously can help.
If you're able to take a course at a local college your junior or senior year, take the opportunity. Having some college credit before beginning your undergraduate education will look great on a college application.
Try to look for relevant experience in high school as well. Work over the summers with local mechanics so you can learn the basics of car structure and repair. Look for engineering internships geared at high school students. Get involved in extracurricular activities relevant to science, math, technology, and mechanics.
1-3. Do well on standardized tests.
Your ACT and SAT scores matter when it comes to getting into a good school. Work on scoring high overall, but especially in areas related to math and science.
Buy an SAT/ACT prep book and spend a few hours each night studying it leading up to the exam. Take many practice tests and review the test format so you go in prepared.
Consider asking your parents about enrolling you in a prep course. Local colleges may offer prep courses. You can also take standardized test prep courses online through programs like Kaplan.
1-4. Work on a solid college application.
As you approach senior year, you need to start thinking about your college application. Work hard on your application to increase your likelihood of getting into a good school.
If you need letters or recommendation, get them from teachers who taught you in relevant fields. While you may have hit it off with your band instructor, it's probably a better idea to ask your physics teacher for a letter of rec if you're applying for an engineering program.
Spend time on the application essay. Write a couple of drafts and have a parent, friend, or teacher look it over and give you feedback.
Make sure you include all your extracurriculars. Even seemingly unrelated experience looks good on a college resume as it reflects hard work, dedication, and a vested interest in your community.
2. Getting Educated
2-1. Choose a relative undergraduate degree.
When you begin your education, you will need to select a relevant undergraduate degree. There are many different fields of study that can prepare you for a career in automotive engineering.
You should only select colleges or universities recognized by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. You can find a list of accredited programs by browsing the ABET website and clicking on the tab "Find an ABET-Accredited Program."
The reputation of your undergraduate college matters, so look for schools that are highly ranked in the engineering field.
You can select from a variety of majors if you want to be an automotive engineer. Your major should be one of the following, although it's not a bad idea to considering double majoring or taking on a few minors: automobile dynamics, automobile electronics, engine parts, diesel engine theory, alternative energy sources, fuel cell systems, and powertrain dynamics.
Your undergraduate education will typically take four years to complete. You will usually spend your senior year working a design project. This is more or less your senior thesis. You will work alone or with other students designing a car part or feature. Work hard on your senior project as it can be used to help you apply to graduate school or to find jobs.
2-2. Seek out hands-on experience in college.
Employers hire engineers with a variety of experience. To make yourself marketable after college, always be on the lookout for experience. Intern over the summers with automotive engineering companies. Take on jobs where you work with cars. Get involved in clubs, fraternities, and other extracurriculars related to science, engineering, physics, and math.
2-3. Keep your grades up.
In many career paths, your overall GPA is the last thing employers care about when searching for prospective job candidates. However, in the engineering field high grades matter. A solid GPA can help you find a job. Study hard and try to maintain a GPA of 3.2 or higher. Form study groups with friends, attend any review sessions a professor conducts, get a good night sleep before exams, and review material immediately after class.
2-4. Consider a graduate degree.
You can be an automotive engineer with a bachelor's degree alone. However, you may look more employable if you pursue your master's. After receiving your undergraduate degree, consider whether a master's program is right for you.
If you want specialized automotive engineering knowledge, a master's degree can help. If you felt particularly interested in a branch of study as an undergrad, consider pursuing that field further by going for your master's.
Usually, you will take a variety of coursework and then complete a final project. A master's program can be a great place to make connections in the professional world. It can also increase your likelihood of employment and might secure you a higher paying job. Engineering companies are frequently looking for employees with specialized knowledge in dynamics, control, materials, and other fields of study.
3. Completing Training
3-1. Learn your state's requirements.
Every state is different in regards to becoming a certified automotive engineer. Spend time considering where you want to work and look into that state's requirements in terms of licensing and certification.
3-2. Work under the supervision of a licensed professional engineer.
In most states, you will have to work under the supervision of a licenses professional engineer for a number of years before you can enter an engineer-in-training program and take the Professional Engineer exam. As you reach your final year of college or graduate school, look for apprenticeship opportunities. Talk to professors, colleagues, and connections from past jobs and internships. The number of years you spend working under supervision varies based on state and your level of education.
3-3. Complete an Engineer-In-Training Program.
An Engineer-In-Training program is a one or two year program in which you work on the skills required to become a professional, licensed engineer. Find a good training program, one that fits your needs and career goals.
Training program vary by specialization, so look for a program catered to your professional goals. Program lengths vary from one to two years.
The application process varies by program. You can take an Engineer-In-Training program online. The advantage to this is that such programs are cheaper and shorter and you'll be able to work while completing training. However, most employers value a lot of hands-on experience for the job. It might be better to find a program you can attend in person.
3-4. Pass the Professional Engineers exam.
The Professional Engineers exam tests your ability to perform competently in a specific engineering field. Once you pass the Professional Engineers exam, you will be a certified automotive engineer.
Spend a few months studying before taking the exam. You can take practice exams and prep courses online. You should also network with people in your training program. Work together to study and prepare in groups.
You sign up to take the exam online. Most states have testing centers, but you may have to travel some if there if there is not a center close to you.
The PE exam is long. It lasts 8 hours and is split into a morning and afternoon session. Depending on your specialization, the exam will either be electronic or by pen and paper. You need to bring a form of ID to the testing center and cannot bring personal electronic devices, like cell phones, into the testing center.
When you receive your score depends on the testing center as well as the type of exam.
3-5. Understand the protocol if you do not pass the exam.
If you do not pass the exam initially, you may retake it. There may be a fee to retake the exam, depending on your specialization and testing site.
4. Breaking Into the Field
4-1. Use your design project to market yourself.
The project you created in college or graduate school can be a powerful marketing tool. Submit the project to competitions. Send protocols to engineering companies. Create a personal website and include a section detailing your project. If you created something innovative with market value, this can help you land a job.
4-2. Write a solid resume.
As you begin searching for engineering jobs, spend time working on your resume. A good resume is an important tool for any field.
Employees in engineering value your education and work experience. Include all relevant experience, training, and coursework as well any certifications you possess. Mention your GPA, from both your undergrad and master's programs, as well as any honor societies you were a part of.
Creativity and innovation are both important in the field of automotive engineering. Therefore, do not be afraid to get creative with your resume. Choose a unique design. If you're looking for inspiration, do a Google search for "creative resume designs" and browse a few websites for ideas.
Make sure to phrase your experience in as impressive terms as possible. For example, when talking about a college internship don't say "Helped other interns suggest design ideas for a car's heating system." Instead say, "Contributed to the development of an innovative, efficient heating system by brainstorming designs with a team of fellow engineers."
4-3. Practice good interview skills.
If you get called into an interview, make sure you know good interview skills. Spend some time reviewing how to ace a job interview as you begin looking for positions.
Always dress up for a job interview. For men, a suit and tie or a nice button down shirt with dress pants is always a good call. For women, a nice dress, pant suit, or professional blouse along with work pants can help. Wear work appropriate shoes, make-up, and other accessories.
Use positive body language. Sit up straight, smile and nod to show the interviewer you're listening, and give a firm handshake.
Always research the company the night before an interview. Knowing a bit about a company's ethics and philosophy can make you look interested and informed.
At the end of the interview, ask questions. Make sure they're open-ended and show you have a vested interest in the job. Something like, "What do you enjoy about working here?" and "What's the overall company philosophy?" are great questions to impress an interviewer.
4-4. Stay optimistic.
It can be difficult to break out into any career, but engineering career paths are particularly competitive. You may have to send out hundreds of resumes before you hear back. Stay optimistic and keep applying. Eventually, something will turn up.
Tips
The Automotive Industry is always changing and adapting to new technologies. Consider joining--or at least subscribing to the newsletter of--the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. If you keep track of what's going on in your industry, you will have more context for the information in your classes and will be better able to answer interview questions.
Some of the better programs for automotive engineering careers are at Ferris State University, Arizona State University, Clemson ICAR and the University of Michigan.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Starting Out\\n1-1. Learn about the career path.\\nBefore you begin the path to becoming an automotive engineer, spend some time familiarizing yourself with the required career path. Being an automotive engineer is a difficult job, but it can be fulfilling and tends to pay fairly high.\\nAutomotive engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on cars. As an automotive engineer, you'll work on designing, building, and testing a variety of features involved in an automobile. It can be exciting work as you're always thinking of innovative ways to make cars run more efficiently.\\nGrowth-wise, the demand for automotive engineers is growing by about 7% each year. If you have solid training and experience, you should be able to land a stable job. The average starting salary is roughly between $50,000 and $60,000 a year and rises as you gain experience. After 5 to 9 years of experience, automotive engineers make between $54,000 and $76,000 a year.\\nIf you're interested in cars and designs, and have a creative side and an interest in the technical aspects of automobiles, this could potentially be a good career path for you.\\n1-2. Gain experience in high school.\\nYou can start off your path towards becoming an automotive engineer in high school. Studying hard, taking the right courses, and seeking experience can all help with your career goals down the line.\\nMath courses are important if you want to be an automotive engineer. Try to build a strong foundation in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and pre-calculus. When it comes to science, focus on chemistry and physics. Opt for AP coursework when possible.\\nYou will need effective communication skills as well. Try to do well in language arts and English classes. While you do not necessarily need to stock up on lots of English and art electives, taking the required coursework seriously can help.\\nIf you're able to take a course at a local college your junior or senior year, take the opportunity. Having some college credit before beginning your undergraduate education will look great on a college application.\\nTry to look for relevant experience in high school as well. Work over the summers with local mechanics so you can learn the basics of car structure and repair. Look for engineering internships geared at high school students. Get involved in extracurricular activities relevant to science, math, technology, and mechanics.\\n1-3. Do well on standardized tests.\\nYour ACT and SAT scores matter when it comes to getting into a good school. Work on scoring high overall, but especially in areas related to math and science.\\nBuy an SAT/ACT prep book and spend a few hours each night studying it leading up to the exam. Take many practice tests and review the test format so you go in prepared.\\nConsider asking your parents about enrolling you in a prep course. Local colleges may offer prep courses. You can also take standardized test prep courses online through programs like Kaplan.\\n1-4. Work on a solid college application.\\nAs you approach senior year, you need to start thinking about your college application. Work hard on your application to increase your likelihood of getting into a good school.\\nIf you need letters or recommendation, get them from teachers who taught you in relevant fields. While you may have hit it off with your band instructor, it's probably a better idea to ask your physics teacher for a letter of rec if you're applying for an engineering program.\\nSpend time on the application essay. Write a couple of drafts and have a parent, friend, or teacher look it over and give you feedback.\\nMake sure you include all your extracurriculars. Even seemingly unrelated experience looks good on a college resume as it reflects hard work, dedication, and a vested interest in your community.\\n2. Getting Educated\\n2-1. Choose a relative undergraduate degree.\\nWhen you begin your education, you will need to select a relevant undergraduate degree. There are many different fields of study that can prepare you for a career in automotive engineering.\\nYou should only select colleges or universities recognized by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. You can find a list of accredited programs by browsing the ABET website and clicking on the tab \\\"Find an ABET-Accredited Program.\\\"\\nThe reputation of your undergraduate college matters, so look for schools that are highly ranked in the engineering field.\\nYou can select from a variety of majors if you want to be an automotive engineer. Your major should be one of the following, although it's not a bad idea to considering double majoring or taking on a few minors: automobile dynamics, automobile electronics, engine parts, diesel engine theory, alternative energy sources, fuel cell systems, and powertrain dynamics.\\nYour undergraduate education will typically take four years to complete. You will usually spend your senior year working a design project. This is more or less your senior thesis. You will work alone or with other students designing a car part or feature. Work hard on your senior project as it can be used to help you apply to graduate school or to find jobs.\\n2-2. Seek out hands-on experience in college.\\nEmployers hire engineers with a variety of experience. To make yourself marketable after college, always be on the lookout for experience. Intern over the summers with automotive engineering companies. Take on jobs where you work with cars. Get involved in clubs, fraternities, and other extracurriculars related to science, engineering, physics, and math.\\n2-3. Keep your grades up.\\nIn many career paths, your overall GPA is the last thing employers care about when searching for prospective job candidates. However, in the engineering field high grades matter. A solid GPA can help you find a job. Study hard and try to maintain a GPA of 3.2 or higher. Form study groups with friends, attend any review sessions a professor conducts, get a good night sleep before exams, and review material immediately after class.\\n2-4. Consider a graduate degree.\\nYou can be an automotive engineer with a bachelor's degree alone. However, you may look more employable if you pursue your master's. After receiving your undergraduate degree, consider whether a master's program is right for you.\\nIf you want specialized automotive engineering knowledge, a master's degree can help. If you felt particularly interested in a branch of study as an undergrad, consider pursuing that field further by going for your master's.\\nUsually, you will take a variety of coursework and then complete a final project. A master's program can be a great place to make connections in the professional world. It can also increase your likelihood of employment and might secure you a higher paying job. Engineering companies are frequently looking for employees with specialized knowledge in dynamics, control, materials, and other fields of study.\\n3. Completing Training\\n3-1. Learn your state's requirements.\\nEvery state is different in regards to becoming a certified automotive engineer. Spend time considering where you want to work and look into that state's requirements in terms of licensing and certification.\\n3-2. Work under the supervision of a licensed professional engineer.\\nIn most states, you will have to work under the supervision of a licenses professional engineer for a number of years before you can enter an engineer-in-training program and take the Professional Engineer exam. As you reach your final year of college or graduate school, look for apprenticeship opportunities. Talk to professors, colleagues, and connections from past jobs and internships. The number of years you spend working under supervision varies based on state and your level of education.\\n3-3. Complete an Engineer-In-Training Program.\\nAn Engineer-In-Training program is a one or two year program in which you work on the skills required to become a professional, licensed engineer. Find a good training program, one that fits your needs and career goals.\\nTraining program vary by specialization, so look for a program catered to your professional goals. Program lengths vary from one to two years.\\nThe application process varies by program. You can take an Engineer-In-Training program online. The advantage to this is that such programs are cheaper and shorter and you'll be able to work while completing training. However, most employers value a lot of hands-on experience for the job. It might be better to find a program you can attend in person.\\n3-4. Pass the Professional Engineers exam.\\nThe Professional Engineers exam tests your ability to perform competently in a specific engineering field. Once you pass the Professional Engineers exam, you will be a certified automotive engineer.\\nSpend a few months studying before taking the exam. You can take practice exams and prep courses online. You should also network with people in your training program. Work together to study and prepare in groups.\\nYou sign up to take the exam online. Most states have testing centers, but you may have to travel some if there if there is not a center close to you.\\nThe PE exam is long. It lasts 8 hours and is split into a morning and afternoon session. Depending on your specialization, the exam will either be electronic or by pen and paper. You need to bring a form of ID to the testing center and cannot bring personal electronic devices, like cell phones, into the testing center.\\nWhen you receive your score depends on the testing center as well as the type of exam.\\n3-5. Understand the protocol if you do not pass the exam.\\nIf you do not pass the exam initially, you may retake it. There may be a fee to retake the exam, depending on your specialization and testing site.\\n4. Breaking Into the Field\\n4-1. Use your design project to market yourself.\\nThe project you created in college or graduate school can be a powerful marketing tool. Submit the project to competitions. Send protocols to engineering companies. Create a personal website and include a section detailing your project. If you created something innovative with market value, this can help you land a job.\\n4-2. Write a solid resume.\\nAs you begin searching for engineering jobs, spend time working on your resume. A good resume is an important tool for any field.\\nEmployees in engineering value your education and work experience. Include all relevant experience, training, and coursework as well any certifications you possess. Mention your GPA, from both your undergrad and master's programs, as well as any honor societies you were a part of.\\nCreativity and innovation are both important in the field of automotive engineering. Therefore, do not be afraid to get creative with your resume. Choose a unique design. If you're looking for inspiration, do a Google search for \\\"creative resume designs\\\" and browse a few websites for ideas.\\nMake sure to phrase your experience in as impressive terms as possible. For example, when talking about a college internship don't say \\\"Helped other interns suggest design ideas for a car's heating system.\\\" Instead say, \\\"Contributed to the development of an innovative, efficient heating system by brainstorming designs with a team of fellow engineers.\\\"\\n4-3. Practice good interview skills.\\nIf you get called into an interview, make sure you know good interview skills. Spend some time reviewing how to ace a job interview as you begin looking for positions.\\nAlways dress up for a job interview. For men, a suit and tie or a nice button down shirt with dress pants is always a good call. For women, a nice dress, pant suit, or professional blouse along with work pants can help. Wear work appropriate shoes, make-up, and other accessories.\\nUse positive body language. Sit up straight, smile and nod to show the interviewer you're listening, and give a firm handshake.\\nAlways research the company the night before an interview. Knowing a bit about a company's ethics and philosophy can make you look interested and informed.\\nAt the end of the interview, ask questions. Make sure they're open-ended and show you have a vested interest in the job. Something like, \\\"What do you enjoy about working here?\\\" and \\\"What's the overall company philosophy?\\\" are great questions to impress an interviewer.\\n4-4. Stay optimistic.\\nIt can be difficult to break out into any career, but engineering career paths are particularly competitive. You may have to send out hundreds of resumes before you hear back. Stay optimistic and keep applying. Eventually, something will turn up.\\nTips\\nThe Automotive Industry is always changing and adapting to new technologies. Consider joining--or at least subscribing to the newsletter of--the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. If you keep track of what's going on in your industry, you will have more context for the information in your classes and will be better able to answer interview questions.\\nSome of the better programs for automotive engineering careers are at Ferris State University, Arizona State University, Clemson ICAR and the University of Michigan.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Engineering is the study of structure and design. Automotive engineers apply that study to developing and manufacturing cars, trucks and cargo vehicles. The field includes separate specialties, each of which requires its own specialized education and career path. Far from being another step on the track of building or repairing autos, automotive engineering can be a lucrative career choice that requires advanced education and training.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Starting Out\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn about the career path.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin the path to becoming an automotive engineer, spend some time familiarizing yourself with the required career path. Being an automotive engineer is a difficult job, but it can be fulfilling and tends to pay fairly high.\\nAutomotive engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on cars. As an automotive engineer, you'll work on designing, building, and testing a variety of features involved in an automobile. It can be exciting work as you're always thinking of innovative ways to make cars run more efficiently.\\nGrowth-wise, the demand for automotive engineers is growing by about 7% each year. If you have solid training and experience, you should be able to land a stable job. The average starting salary is roughly between $50,000 and $60,000 a year and rises as you gain experience. After 5 to 9 years of experience, automotive engineers make between $54,000 and $76,000 a year.\\nIf you're interested in cars and designs, and have a creative side and an interest in the technical aspects of automobiles, this could potentially be a good career path for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain experience in high school.\", \"描述\": \"You can start off your path towards becoming an automotive engineer in high school. Studying hard, taking the right courses, and seeking experience can all help with your career goals down the line.\\nMath courses are important if you want to be an automotive engineer. Try to build a strong foundation in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and pre-calculus. When it comes to science, focus on chemistry and physics. Opt for AP coursework when possible.\\nYou will need effective communication skills as well. Try to do well in language arts and English classes. While you do not necessarily need to stock up on lots of English and art electives, taking the required coursework seriously can help.\\nIf you're able to take a course at a local college your junior or senior year, take the opportunity. Having some college credit before beginning your undergraduate education will look great on a college application.\\nTry to look for relevant experience in high school as well. Work over the summers with local mechanics so you can learn the basics of car structure and repair. Look for engineering internships geared at high school students. Get involved in extracurricular activities relevant to science, math, technology, and mechanics.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do well on standardized tests.\", \"描述\": \"Your ACT and SAT scores matter when it comes to getting into a good school. Work on scoring high overall, but especially in areas related to math and science.\\nBuy an SAT/ACT prep book and spend a few hours each night studying it leading up to the exam. Take many practice tests and review the test format so you go in prepared.\\nConsider asking your parents about enrolling you in a prep course. Local colleges may offer prep courses. You can also take standardized test prep courses online through programs like Kaplan.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work on a solid college application.\", \"描述\": \"As you approach senior year, you need to start thinking about your college application. Work hard on your application to increase your likelihood of getting into a good school.\\nIf you need letters or recommendation, get them from teachers who taught you in relevant fields. While you may have hit it off with your band instructor, it's probably a better idea to ask your physics teacher for a letter of rec if you're applying for an engineering program.\\nSpend time on the application essay. Write a couple of drafts and have a parent, friend, or teacher look it over and give you feedback.\\nMake sure you include all your extracurriculars. Even seemingly unrelated experience looks good on a college resume as it reflects hard work, dedication, and a vested interest in your community.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Educated\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a relative undergraduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"When you begin your education, you will need to select a relevant undergraduate degree. There are many different fields of study that can prepare you for a career in automotive engineering.\\nYou should only select colleges or universities recognized by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. You can find a list of accredited programs by browsing the ABET website and clicking on the tab \\\"Find an ABET-Accredited Program.\\\"\\nThe reputation of your undergraduate college matters, so look for schools that are highly ranked in the engineering field.\\nYou can select from a variety of majors if you want to be an automotive engineer. Your major should be one of the following, although it's not a bad idea to considering double majoring or taking on a few minors: automobile dynamics, automobile electronics, engine parts, diesel engine theory, alternative energy sources, fuel cell systems, and powertrain dynamics.\\nYour undergraduate education will typically take four years to complete. You will usually spend your senior year working a design project. This is more or less your senior thesis. You will work alone or with other students designing a car part or feature. Work hard on your senior project as it can be used to help you apply to graduate school or to find jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Seek out hands-on experience in college.\", \"描述\": \"Employers hire engineers with a variety of experience. To make yourself marketable after college, always be on the lookout for experience. Intern over the summers with automotive engineering companies. Take on jobs where you work with cars. Get involved in clubs, fraternities, and other extracurriculars related to science, engineering, physics, and math.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your grades up.\", \"描述\": \"In many career paths, your overall GPA is the last thing employers care about when searching for prospective job candidates. However, in the engineering field high grades matter. A solid GPA can help you find a job. Study hard and try to maintain a GPA of 3.2 or higher. Form study groups with friends, attend any review sessions a professor conducts, get a good night sleep before exams, and review material immediately after class.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider a graduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"You can be an automotive engineer with a bachelor's degree alone. However, you may look more employable if you pursue your master's. After receiving your undergraduate degree, consider whether a master's program is right for you.\\nIf you want specialized automotive engineering knowledge, a master's degree can help. If you felt particularly interested in a branch of study as an undergrad, consider pursuing that field further by going for your master's.\\nUsually, you will take a variety of coursework and then complete a final project. A master's program can be a great place to make connections in the professional world. It can also increase your likelihood of employment and might secure you a higher paying job. Engineering companies are frequently looking for employees with specialized knowledge in dynamics, control, materials, and other fields of study.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn your state's requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Every state is different in regards to becoming a certified automotive engineer. Spend time considering where you want to work and look into that state's requirements in terms of licensing and certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work under the supervision of a licensed professional engineer.\", \"描述\": \"In most states, you will have to work under the supervision of a licenses professional engineer for a number of years before you can enter an engineer-in-training program and take the Professional Engineer exam. As you reach your final year of college or graduate school, look for apprenticeship opportunities. Talk to professors, colleagues, and connections from past jobs and internships. The number of years you spend working under supervision varies based on state and your level of education.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete an Engineer-In-Training Program.\", \"描述\": \"An Engineer-In-Training program is a one or two year program in which you work on the skills required to become a professional, licensed engineer. Find a good training program, one that fits your needs and career goals.\\nTraining program vary by specialization, so look for a program catered to your professional goals. Program lengths vary from one to two years.\\nThe application process varies by program. You can take an Engineer-In-Training program online. The advantage to this is that such programs are cheaper and shorter and you'll be able to work while completing training. However, most employers value a lot of hands-on experience for the job. It might be better to find a program you can attend in person.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the Professional Engineers exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Professional Engineers exam tests your ability to perform competently in a specific engineering field. Once you pass the Professional Engineers exam, you will be a certified automotive engineer.\\nSpend a few months studying before taking the exam. You can take practice exams and prep courses online. You should also network with people in your training program. Work together to study and prepare in groups.\\nYou sign up to take the exam online. Most states have testing centers, but you may have to travel some if there if there is not a center close to you.\\nThe PE exam is long. It lasts 8 hours and is split into a morning and afternoon session. Depending on your specialization, the exam will either be electronic or by pen and paper. You need to bring a form of ID to the testing center and cannot bring personal electronic devices, like cell phones, into the testing center.\\nWhen you receive your score depends on the testing center as well as the type of exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Understand the protocol if you do not pass the exam.\", \"描述\": \"If you do not pass the exam initially, you may retake it. There may be a fee to retake the exam, depending on your specialization and testing site.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Breaking Into the Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use your design project to market yourself.\", \"描述\": \"The project you created in college or graduate school can be a powerful marketing tool. Submit the project to competitions. Send protocols to engineering companies. Create a personal website and include a section detailing your project. If you created something innovative with market value, this can help you land a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write a solid resume.\", \"描述\": \"As you begin searching for engineering jobs, spend time working on your resume. A good resume is an important tool for any field.\\nEmployees in engineering value your education and work experience. Include all relevant experience, training, and coursework as well any certifications you possess. Mention your GPA, from both your undergrad and master's programs, as well as any honor societies you were a part of.\\nCreativity and innovation are both important in the field of automotive engineering. Therefore, do not be afraid to get creative with your resume. Choose a unique design. If you're looking for inspiration, do a Google search for \\\"creative resume designs\\\" and browse a few websites for ideas.\\nMake sure to phrase your experience in as impressive terms as possible. For example, when talking about a college internship don't say \\\"Helped other interns suggest design ideas for a car's heating system.\\\" Instead say, \\\"Contributed to the development of an innovative, efficient heating system by brainstorming designs with a team of fellow engineers.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice good interview skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you get called into an interview, make sure you know good interview skills. Spend some time reviewing how to ace a job interview as you begin looking for positions.\\nAlways dress up for a job interview. For men, a suit and tie or a nice button down shirt with dress pants is always a good call. For women, a nice dress, pant suit, or professional blouse along with work pants can help. Wear work appropriate shoes, make-up, and other accessories.\\nUse positive body language. Sit up straight, smile and nod to show the interviewer you're listening, and give a firm handshake.\\nAlways research the company the night before an interview. Knowing a bit about a company's ethics and philosophy can make you look interested and informed.\\nAt the end of the interview, ask questions. Make sure they're open-ended and show you have a vested interest in the job. Something like, \\\"What do you enjoy about working here?\\\" and \\\"What's the overall company philosophy?\\\" are great questions to impress an interviewer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay optimistic.\", \"描述\": \"It can be difficult to break out into any career, but engineering career paths are particularly competitive. You may have to send out hundreds of resumes before you hear back. Stay optimistic and keep applying. Eventually, something will turn up.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The Automotive Industry is always changing and adapting to new technologies. Consider joining--or at least subscribing to the newsletter of--the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. If you keep track of what's going on in your industry, you will have more context for the information in your classes and will be better able to answer interview questions.\\n\", \"Some of the better programs for automotive engineering careers are at Ferris State University, Arizona State University, Clemson ICAR and the University of Michigan.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,968 |
How to Become an Automotive Technician
|
1. Beginning the Process
1-1. Gain some hands on experience.
Start by working at home with your own car, or assisting a friend or family member as they work on theirs. You may find that you have a particular knack for some aspects of auto repair or maintenance.
Working on cars in an informal manner can help you gain an understanding of the craft.
Take this opportunity to see if the job is right for you.
1-2. Gauge your interest in aspects of the work.
Automotive technicians work in a wide variety of settings and on varied applications. As you work on your own car or the vehicles of a friend or family member, think about what aspects of the work really interest you.
The parts of working on cars that you find the most interesting are often the best ones to pursue professionally.
You may also find that there are certain aspects of the work that you would prefer not to pursue.
1-3. Develop an understanding of the job.
Automotive technicians preform a wide variety of tasks in a vast array of professional settings. Some technicians work at dealerships and help repair vehicles of a specific make, while others work in repair facilities that may work on every type of vehicle.
Automotive technicians perform routine maintenance on vehicles as well as in depth repairs.
Some technicians work on customer vehicles, while others may work solely on vehicles owned by the company they work for.
1-4. Make sure you are physically capable.
Being an automotive technician can be a physically demanding job that may require long hours on your feet and an ability to work in extremely hot or cold environments. If there are certain environments you are not able to work in, you may still be an automotive technician, but it may narrow down your employment options.
Working on a vehicle above your head on a lift requires looking up and keeping your hands above your head for a long period of time.
There may be a lot of lifting required, so if you suffer from a physical disability that prevents you from picking up or carrying tools or parts, it may not be the right career choice for you.
1-5. Consider the education requirements.
In order to receive the education required to work as an automotive technician, you will need to attend a school that offers automotive repair certifications. Apply for financial aid through the school of your choice if you have chosen one.
You should complete the FAFSA Federal application for financial aid as well in order to receive aid from the government.
1-6. Think about a specialty.
Automotive technicians can enter a number of different specialized industries. You may want to work on specific cars or trucks, or you might choose to pursue working on diesel or commercial vehicles. Determining what field of automotive repair you want to pursue will help you enroll in the right programs.
Diesel and gas engines work slightly differently, requiring different types of training.
If you are unsure of a specific specialty you want to pursue, you may want to study regular auto repair.
2. Completing Your Training
2-1. Enroll in a certification course.
Choose an accredited education program that offers automotive technician certifications. There are many options for technical schools to choose from, so find one that is close by, offers the certification you need, and may offer financial aid to help offset the cost of the program. You may need to apply for acceptance to some programs, so make sure you submit an application prior to the deadline for courses.
Look for schools that are accredited by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence or that offer preparation for their exams.
Some programs are as short as fifteen months and offer the opportunity to work as a technician while you complete the program.
2-2. Choose a career field.
As you complete your training, you should begin to consider what kind of place you'd like to work in. If you are studying diesel repair, you may want to work to repair and maintain a company's fleet. You may also want to work in a shop that repairs the vehicles for customers, or even in the racing industry.
There are benefits to working in each of the different career fields within the automotive industry, but you'll need to choose one that interests you.
Some fields are easier to get into than others. The racing industry can be very competitive and offer few openings, while dealerships are often hiring new techs for maintenance and repair.
2-3. Consider internships.
Many schools offer internship programs to allow you to go and work as a tech to gain experience in the field, but you don't have to only pursue internships through the school. Many businesses hire interns for paid and unpaid positions.
Ask your school administration about internship programs to see if they can help get you into one.
Apply for internships you find posted on job board web sites or in the local newspaper.
Internships are a great way to gain important experience to make yourself a better candidate to hire when you complete your certification.
2-4. Complete an automotive technician certification.
Work hard throughout school to earn passing grades and complete your certification as an automotive technician. You will need to take a test from the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence in order to receive your certification or certifications. With these certification, you can begin applying for jobs as a certified tech.
If you have been interning for a company, you may ask if they would be willing to bring you on full time upon completion of school.
Look for positions on job boards and in local newspapers that you can apply for.
Some schools will cover the cost of testing with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, but others may not.
3. Finding a Technician Job
3-1. Create a resume.
Before applying for a new job as an automotive technician, you will need to write a professional resume. Include your previous professional experience if you have any, as well as your education and any internships you may have completed.
Have a friend look over your resume for errors and proofread it a number of times yourself.
Be sure to include your name and contact information on the resume so hiring managers are able to contact you.
3-2. Use the contacts you've gained through training.
As you begin looking for a technician position, contact people you've worked with or that you attended training with. They may be able to help get you an interview where they are working. If not, ask if they can serve as a reference as you apply to other jobs.
It is much easier to get hired if you know someone that works where you are applying.
Network with other people in the automotive field to help improve your chances at landing a job.
3-3. Apply for entry level technician jobs.
Look for entry level technician positions on job board websites like Monster.com or Indeed.com. Complete the applications and submit them with a copy of your resume.
If you don't hear back from places you apply to within a week or so, call them to follow up on the application.
You may choose to deliver the application in person, but it is not always required.
3-4. Attend interviews dressed professionally.
When you receive a call for an interview, make sure you arrive a few minutes early and are dressed in a way that puts your best foot forward.
Even mechanics and technicians should interview in appropriate, clean clothes to demonstrate your professionalism.
You may not need to wear a suit, but clean, pressed pants and a button up shirt or blouse are always a safe bet.
3-5. Negotiate salary and discuss benefits.
Once you interview and are offered a position, discuss the pay rate with the hiring manager. You may opt to request a higher rate than is initially offered. If you choose to do so, be sure to approach it professionally.
Try saying something like, “I am extremely interested in this position, but I have a few other offers. Would it be possible to offer a slightly higher pay rate?”
Make sure you understand what benefits are available to you, as well as things like Paid Time Off.
3-6. Start your new career.
Once you come to an agreement with the hiring manager, it's time to start your new career as an automotive technician! Remember, being a technician can lead to many career opportunities, so consider continuing to pursue more education and certifications.
Becoming an ASE Certified Mechanic can offer you great options for career growth,
Branching out into welding, body work or specialty engine building can all increase your pay rates and opportunities in the field.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Beginning the Process\\n1-1. Gain some hands on experience.\\nStart by working at home with your own car, or assisting a friend or family member as they work on theirs. You may find that you have a particular knack for some aspects of auto repair or maintenance.\\nWorking on cars in an informal manner can help you gain an understanding of the craft.\\nTake this opportunity to see if the job is right for you.\\n1-2. Gauge your interest in aspects of the work.\\nAutomotive technicians work in a wide variety of settings and on varied applications. As you work on your own car or the vehicles of a friend or family member, think about what aspects of the work really interest you.\\nThe parts of working on cars that you find the most interesting are often the best ones to pursue professionally.\\nYou may also find that there are certain aspects of the work that you would prefer not to pursue.\\n1-3. Develop an understanding of the job.\\nAutomotive technicians preform a wide variety of tasks in a vast array of professional settings. Some technicians work at dealerships and help repair vehicles of a specific make, while others work in repair facilities that may work on every type of vehicle.\\nAutomotive technicians perform routine maintenance on vehicles as well as in depth repairs.\\nSome technicians work on customer vehicles, while others may work solely on vehicles owned by the company they work for.\\n1-4. Make sure you are physically capable.\\nBeing an automotive technician can be a physically demanding job that may require long hours on your feet and an ability to work in extremely hot or cold environments. If there are certain environments you are not able to work in, you may still be an automotive technician, but it may narrow down your employment options.\\nWorking on a vehicle above your head on a lift requires looking up and keeping your hands above your head for a long period of time.\\nThere may be a lot of lifting required, so if you suffer from a physical disability that prevents you from picking up or carrying tools or parts, it may not be the right career choice for you.\\n1-5. Consider the education requirements.\\nIn order to receive the education required to work as an automotive technician, you will need to attend a school that offers automotive repair certifications. Apply for financial aid through the school of your choice if you have chosen one.\\nYou should complete the FAFSA Federal application for financial aid as well in order to receive aid from the government.\\n1-6. Think about a specialty.\\nAutomotive technicians can enter a number of different specialized industries. You may want to work on specific cars or trucks, or you might choose to pursue working on diesel or commercial vehicles. Determining what field of automotive repair you want to pursue will help you enroll in the right programs. \\nDiesel and gas engines work slightly differently, requiring different types of training.\\nIf you are unsure of a specific specialty you want to pursue, you may want to study regular auto repair.\\n2. Completing Your Training\\n2-1. Enroll in a certification course.\\nChoose an accredited education program that offers automotive technician certifications. There are many options for technical schools to choose from, so find one that is close by, offers the certification you need, and may offer financial aid to help offset the cost of the program. You may need to apply for acceptance to some programs, so make sure you submit an application prior to the deadline for courses.\\nLook for schools that are accredited by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence or that offer preparation for their exams.\\nSome programs are as short as fifteen months and offer the opportunity to work as a technician while you complete the program.\\n2-2. Choose a career field.\\nAs you complete your training, you should begin to consider what kind of place you'd like to work in. If you are studying diesel repair, you may want to work to repair and maintain a company's fleet. You may also want to work in a shop that repairs the vehicles for customers, or even in the racing industry.\\nThere are benefits to working in each of the different career fields within the automotive industry, but you'll need to choose one that interests you.\\nSome fields are easier to get into than others. The racing industry can be very competitive and offer few openings, while dealerships are often hiring new techs for maintenance and repair.\\n2-3. Consider internships.\\nMany schools offer internship programs to allow you to go and work as a tech to gain experience in the field, but you don't have to only pursue internships through the school. Many businesses hire interns for paid and unpaid positions.\\nAsk your school administration about internship programs to see if they can help get you into one.\\nApply for internships you find posted on job board web sites or in the local newspaper.\\nInternships are a great way to gain important experience to make yourself a better candidate to hire when you complete your certification.\\n2-4. Complete an automotive technician certification.\\nWork hard throughout school to earn passing grades and complete your certification as an automotive technician. You will need to take a test from the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence in order to receive your certification or certifications. With these certification, you can begin applying for jobs as a certified tech.\\nIf you have been interning for a company, you may ask if they would be willing to bring you on full time upon completion of school.\\nLook for positions on job boards and in local newspapers that you can apply for.\\nSome schools will cover the cost of testing with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, but others may not.\\n3. Finding a Technician Job\\n3-1. Create a resume.\\nBefore applying for a new job as an automotive technician, you will need to write a professional resume. Include your previous professional experience if you have any, as well as your education and any internships you may have completed.\\nHave a friend look over your resume for errors and proofread it a number of times yourself.\\nBe sure to include your name and contact information on the resume so hiring managers are able to contact you.\\n3-2. Use the contacts you've gained through training.\\nAs you begin looking for a technician position, contact people you've worked with or that you attended training with. They may be able to help get you an interview where they are working. If not, ask if they can serve as a reference as you apply to other jobs. \\nIt is much easier to get hired if you know someone that works where you are applying.\\nNetwork with other people in the automotive field to help improve your chances at landing a job.\\n3-3. Apply for entry level technician jobs.\\nLook for entry level technician positions on job board websites like Monster.com or Indeed.com. Complete the applications and submit them with a copy of your resume.\\nIf you don't hear back from places you apply to within a week or so, call them to follow up on the application.\\nYou may choose to deliver the application in person, but it is not always required.\\n3-4. Attend interviews dressed professionally.\\nWhen you receive a call for an interview, make sure you arrive a few minutes early and are dressed in a way that puts your best foot forward.\\nEven mechanics and technicians should interview in appropriate, clean clothes to demonstrate your professionalism.\\nYou may not need to wear a suit, but clean, pressed pants and a button up shirt or blouse are always a safe bet.\\n3-5. Negotiate salary and discuss benefits.\\nOnce you interview and are offered a position, discuss the pay rate with the hiring manager. You may opt to request a higher rate than is initially offered. If you choose to do so, be sure to approach it professionally.\\nTry saying something like, “I am extremely interested in this position, but I have a few other offers. Would it be possible to offer a slightly higher pay rate?”\\nMake sure you understand what benefits are available to you, as well as things like Paid Time Off.\\n3-6. Start your new career.\\nOnce you come to an agreement with the hiring manager, it's time to start your new career as an automotive technician! Remember, being a technician can lead to many career opportunities, so consider continuing to pursue more education and certifications.\\nBecoming an ASE Certified Mechanic can offer you great options for career growth,\\nBranching out into welding, body work or specialty engine building can all increase your pay rates and opportunities in the field.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Automotive technicians work in a variety of roles in the automotive industry. Whether you're repairing commuter cars, servicing commercial diesel trucks or building the next generation race car, the opportunities for technicians are as varied as they can be rewarding. If you are considering a career as an automotive technician, start by pursuing an education in the field and gain as much experience as you can along the way.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Beginning the Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain some hands on experience.\", \"描述\": \"Start by working at home with your own car, or assisting a friend or family member as they work on theirs. You may find that you have a particular knack for some aspects of auto repair or maintenance.\\nWorking on cars in an informal manner can help you gain an understanding of the craft.\\nTake this opportunity to see if the job is right for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gauge your interest in aspects of the work.\", \"描述\": \"Automotive technicians work in a wide variety of settings and on varied applications. As you work on your own car or the vehicles of a friend or family member, think about what aspects of the work really interest you.\\nThe parts of working on cars that you find the most interesting are often the best ones to pursue professionally.\\nYou may also find that there are certain aspects of the work that you would prefer not to pursue.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop an understanding of the job.\", \"描述\": \"Automotive technicians preform a wide variety of tasks in a vast array of professional settings. Some technicians work at dealerships and help repair vehicles of a specific make, while others work in repair facilities that may work on every type of vehicle.\\nAutomotive technicians perform routine maintenance on vehicles as well as in depth repairs.\\nSome technicians work on customer vehicles, while others may work solely on vehicles owned by the company they work for.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure you are physically capable.\", \"描述\": \"Being an automotive technician can be a physically demanding job that may require long hours on your feet and an ability to work in extremely hot or cold environments. If there are certain environments you are not able to work in, you may still be an automotive technician, but it may narrow down your employment options.\\nWorking on a vehicle above your head on a lift requires looking up and keeping your hands above your head for a long period of time.\\nThere may be a lot of lifting required, so if you suffer from a physical disability that prevents you from picking up or carrying tools or parts, it may not be the right career choice for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider the education requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In order to receive the education required to work as an automotive technician, you will need to attend a school that offers automotive repair certifications. Apply for financial aid through the school of your choice if you have chosen one.\\nYou should complete the FAFSA Federal application for financial aid as well in order to receive aid from the government.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Think about a specialty.\", \"描述\": \"Automotive technicians can enter a number of different specialized industries. You may want to work on specific cars or trucks, or you might choose to pursue working on diesel or commercial vehicles. Determining what field of automotive repair you want to pursue will help you enroll in the right programs. \\nDiesel and gas engines work slightly differently, requiring different types of training.\\nIf you are unsure of a specific specialty you want to pursue, you may want to study regular auto repair.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a certification course.\", \"描述\": \"Choose an accredited education program that offers automotive technician certifications. There are many options for technical schools to choose from, so find one that is close by, offers the certification you need, and may offer financial aid to help offset the cost of the program. You may need to apply for acceptance to some programs, so make sure you submit an application prior to the deadline for courses.\\nLook for schools that are accredited by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence or that offer preparation for their exams.\\nSome programs are as short as fifteen months and offer the opportunity to work as a technician while you complete the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a career field.\", \"描述\": \"As you complete your training, you should begin to consider what kind of place you'd like to work in. If you are studying diesel repair, you may want to work to repair and maintain a company's fleet. You may also want to work in a shop that repairs the vehicles for customers, or even in the racing industry.\\nThere are benefits to working in each of the different career fields within the automotive industry, but you'll need to choose one that interests you.\\nSome fields are easier to get into than others. The racing industry can be very competitive and offer few openings, while dealerships are often hiring new techs for maintenance and repair.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider internships.\", \"描述\": \"Many schools offer internship programs to allow you to go and work as a tech to gain experience in the field, but you don't have to only pursue internships through the school. Many businesses hire interns for paid and unpaid positions.\\nAsk your school administration about internship programs to see if they can help get you into one.\\nApply for internships you find posted on job board web sites or in the local newspaper.\\nInternships are a great way to gain important experience to make yourself a better candidate to hire when you complete your certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete an automotive technician certification.\", \"描述\": \"Work hard throughout school to earn passing grades and complete your certification as an automotive technician. You will need to take a test from the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence in order to receive your certification or certifications. With these certification, you can begin applying for jobs as a certified tech.\\nIf you have been interning for a company, you may ask if they would be willing to bring you on full time upon completion of school.\\nLook for positions on job boards and in local newspapers that you can apply for.\\nSome schools will cover the cost of testing with the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, but others may not.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Technician Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a resume.\", \"描述\": \"Before applying for a new job as an automotive technician, you will need to write a professional resume. Include your previous professional experience if you have any, as well as your education and any internships you may have completed.\\nHave a friend look over your resume for errors and proofread it a number of times yourself.\\nBe sure to include your name and contact information on the resume so hiring managers are able to contact you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the contacts you've gained through training.\", \"描述\": \"As you begin looking for a technician position, contact people you've worked with or that you attended training with. They may be able to help get you an interview where they are working. If not, ask if they can serve as a reference as you apply to other jobs. \\nIt is much easier to get hired if you know someone that works where you are applying.\\nNetwork with other people in the automotive field to help improve your chances at landing a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for entry level technician jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Look for entry level technician positions on job board websites like Monster.com or Indeed.com. Complete the applications and submit them with a copy of your resume.\\nIf you don't hear back from places you apply to within a week or so, call them to follow up on the application.\\nYou may choose to deliver the application in person, but it is not always required.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend interviews dressed professionally.\", \"描述\": \"When you receive a call for an interview, make sure you arrive a few minutes early and are dressed in a way that puts your best foot forward.\\nEven mechanics and technicians should interview in appropriate, clean clothes to demonstrate your professionalism.\\nYou may not need to wear a suit, but clean, pressed pants and a button up shirt or blouse are always a safe bet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Negotiate salary and discuss benefits.\", \"描述\": \"Once you interview and are offered a position, discuss the pay rate with the hiring manager. You may opt to request a higher rate than is initially offered. If you choose to do so, be sure to approach it professionally.\\nTry saying something like, “I am extremely interested in this position, but I have a few other offers. Would it be possible to offer a slightly higher pay rate?”\\nMake sure you understand what benefits are available to you, as well as things like Paid Time Off.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Start your new career.\", \"描述\": \"Once you come to an agreement with the hiring manager, it's time to start your new career as an automotive technician! Remember, being a technician can lead to many career opportunities, so consider continuing to pursue more education and certifications.\\nBecoming an ASE Certified Mechanic can offer you great options for career growth,\\nBranching out into welding, body work or specialty engine building can all increase your pay rates and opportunities in the field.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,969 |
How to Become an Avid Reader
|
1. Choosing Wisely
1-1. Choose books that suit your current interests.
You may think that you want to read the classics-- philosophy, the biographies of historical figures, and plays-- and if those are your interests, you should pursue them. There are plenty of other interesting books out there, though, and you can work your way up to more difficult material over time.
Some people like to begin by reading the novel versions of movies that they’ve enjoyed. From ‘’Fight Club’’ to ‘’The Hunger Games’’, you will find that many movies are actually based on books.
One method of determining what kind of book you will like is to figure out what it is that drives you to frequent certain movies or TV shows. People who like biopics usually like biographies. If you like psychological thrillers, you might like murder mysteries or horror stories. If plot drives you, a lot of fiction is suitable for your tastes.
If you don’t like fictional stories, try non-fiction. You will learn about real things that happened, gain insights into science, history, other cultures, or what people are doing to try to solve problems in the world, and explore interesting ideas by great thinkers.
1-2. Get book and author recommendations.
Ask people whose taste you trust-- people who like the same music, TV or movies as you. Ask them about what their favorite books or authors are.
Asking people you know is a good way to start out-- they can often lend you the books that they enjoyed the most.
Talk to English teachers and parents for book recommendations. They can help you find stories you enjoy and may have more book knowledge than your friends.
If you like an author that a friend recommends, stick with them! It’s the best way to keep on reading.
Use online resources, such as Goodreads, to find book reviews and recommendations.
1-3. Check out book award lists.
Start with the best of the best! If they ended up on a list of great books for the year, a lot of people must have read and liked them so you can probably find something you like there too.
Some awards are based on what people are actually reading rather than what critics choose. This may be the best place to start since you know that the many people have enjoyed these books.
Award lists that are selected by writers, critics, librarians, and booksellers can give you an idea of what is going on in the literary world.
2. Finding a Time That Works
2-1. Look for a quiet, comfortable space to settle in with a book.
Don’t put yourself in a place where you will be self-conscious or experience interruptions.
Libraries are designed for finding great books and reading! You can grab a book and get started right away in the quiet of your local library branch.
Go to a park or somewhere outdoors. If you associate reading with oppressive indoor settings, going outdoors can be a great way to break up the monotony.
Try walking on the treadmill with a book. Some people simply cannot sit still while reading. Some studies say that you can remember more later if you read while walking on the treadmill, and the jolt of dopamine you get from multitasking may encourage you to keep reading.
2-2. Add reading to your schedule.
Many people think that they do not have time to read, but the truth is that they just have not found the time. Some easy tweaks may add an hour or so per day of extra time.
If you normally have down time before or after work (extra time waking up or winding down), you can make reading a part of that routine. If you spend time checking your email or playing games as a matter of routine, put your book by your laptop or on the couch to remind you to read instead.
Small adjustments make a difference. Getting up a little earlier can make time for reading in your breakfast routine. Getting to the gym earlier can make an extra half-hour for reading before bed.
2-3. Read before going to sleep.
Goal-oriented reading is less pleasurable than relaxed reading. You will feel happier after reading if it is done without any stress on finding information or reading a certain number of pages.
Go to bed a half hour or hour earlier than usual, so that you have time to read before you get too tired. Reading under the light of a lamp is much healthier than looking at the blue light of a phone screen or e-reader. It's good to read in the morning as you can get an inspirational and fresh start to your day.
Be aware that the light from an e-reader device may disrupt your sleep. A real book might be a better option before bed.
2-4. Squeeze reading in between activities.
This is not the most relaxed way of reading, but if you are an on-the-go type, it’s a good way to fit reading in without having to shift your schedule too much.
If you spend a long time commuting, bring a book instead of plugging into your phone.
If you usually eat lunch alone, you can take the time to enjoy a chapter or two while you eat. If you eat out for lunch, try packing your lunch instead. This will free up a surprising amount of time.
Reward yourself with reading after completing tasks for work or school.
2-5. Get away from screens.
Once you've chosen or found the time to read, keep media from cutting into your precious half hour. Every time you look at something new, you get a jolt of dopamine. Forcing yourself away from screens will allow you to pursue the long-term enjoyment and deeper understanding that books offer.
Turn your phone completely off. You might be shocked at how often you reach for it and check your lock screen to find it completely black.This serves as a good reminder to stay focused on your book.
Completely get away from your laptop or television. A click of the remote or trackpad will bring you back into the digital world, and you can get stuck there for an incredibly long time.
Use your local library. Libraries are built to be quiet, distraction-free places to read. Use them to their fullest!
3. Overcoming Obstacles
3-1. Skim before reading.
You can skim while you read too! Reading avidly can sometimes mean that you find any way to make things easier for yourself.
Read the first few pages of the first chapter rather than reading the summary on the back of the book. This way you get a better understanding of the author’s writing style.
You may find yourself in the middle of a book you really enjoy, but has taken a dry turn. Read topic sentences and final paragraphs so that you get the general idea. Read quickly until you reach a part that holds your interest.
3-2. Read in different formats.
You might like the feel of having an actual book in your hands and turning real pages. If you don’t like carrying around and keeping track of too many things, you may like the convenience of using an e-reader device.
If you use productivity apps on a tablet, you will probably like the convenience of e-books. Downloading your books mean that you have many books in one place. If you already carry a tablet, you won’t have to carry a book as well.
If you prefer to go to the library and browse actual books, and enjoy the feeling of turning pages, you probably want to stick to real books.
3-3. Keep multiple books around.
Having books around, whether electronic or real, to browse and choose from will inspire you to read.
Use your library. Take advantage of the fact that you can check out multiple books and return them if nothing grabs you.
If there are books that you have that you’ve been meaning to read, leave them out! They will serve as a reminder, and you are more likely to pick them up if you are looking for something to do.
Purchase books for your tablet online or check out an eBook from your local library.
3-4. Move on if you’re having a hard time.
You don’t want to waste time reading something that isn’t for you, and struggling through a book just to get it done might derail your efforts to become an avid reader altogether.
Gather a few possibilities and read the first chapter or two of each one, then choose the one that grabs you.
If you feel stuck or bored, try something different! Just because you like biographies doesn’t mean you wouldn’t enjoy some light fiction with a little less substance. It might just provide the break you need to go back to the weightier stuff later.
Use the fifty page rule. If you’ve started a book and don’t like it, you might still feel weird about stopping cold. Fifty pages is usually enough of the book to figure out whether or not it’s worth it for you to keep reading. If it seems like a chore, don’t do it. There are plenty of books out there for you to enjoy.
3-5. Start a reading log.
A reading log is a good way to look back on what you’ve read and to keep track of things that you want to read.
A log can be a list on your phone, a Pinterest board, or a physical notebook. Just make sure that it’s something that you’re likely to keep around or remember.
Keep an ongoing list of what you’ve read: a simple list of titles and author’s names. If you particularly liked a book, mark it. Also keep a list of recommendations and things that you want to read.
If you’re the note-taking type, keep summaries and memorable quotes in the notebook as well. This will provide you with concrete examples of your progress and remind you of the knowledge and information that your reading has given you.
4. Joining a Reading Community
4-1. Join a book club.
Having regular meetings on your calendar and knowing that you’ll need to be able to talk intelligently with other people about a book is a great incentive to keep reading.
Depending on where you live, you may have many genres to choose from. Try sticking to your favorite genre first, just to make sure that you stay on track. You can branch out after you’ve gotten into the swing of things.
If you can’t find any near you, you can start your own. You can use Facebook or meetup to create groups easily.
4-2. Participate in city or statewide reading initiative.
The public library systems in many states or larger cities often choose one book and encourage as many people as possible to read it at the same time. They usually include programs like book talks and other events where you can join a discussion.
If you do this with friends, it can be easier to stay on track, and you’ll have someone to talk to about the book.
4-3. Sign up for an online book forum.
You can look for a broader forum that discusses multiple kinds of books, or you can pursue a specific artist or genre.
On social media forums like Goodreads, you can see what your friends are reading, read book reviews, and keep track of your own reading so you can see your progress. There is also an option to find books related to ones you’ve liked as well, which makes finding new books easy.
5. Understanding What You Read
5-1. Keep a pen in your hand.
If you can’t remember what you’ve read right after you finish it, you may get discouraged. Taking notes ensures that you can quickly remember what you’ve read, even after you’ve forgotten it.
Take brief summary notes at the end of each chapter to ensure that you can look back and recall what you’ve read.
If taking notes interrupts your reading flow, mark key paragraphs with a check mark or star. Later, you can go back to these starred paragraphs and take notes on them for yourself.
5-2. Read an entire paragraph before marking it up.
Many people highlight the first sentence of a paragraph. Sometimes the first sentence is the right one to emphasize, but in other cases, only looking at the first sentence of a paragraph can leave out key information.
Don’t mark up any specific sentences or words right away. Be patient and wait until the final sentence before deciding. If the paragraph seems important right away, mark it with a star.
After a difficult or inspiring paragraph, pause for a moment. Explain to yourself what you have read, out loud or in your head. Then summarize that in the margin or on a separate piece of paper.
5-3. Read out loud.
Reading out loud is a great trick for people who are auditory learners. It also works any time that you may be having difficulty with the language of the book.
You may feel a little bit silly if you are alone, but don’t let it stop you. You’ll soon get into the rhythm and forget your circumstances.
If you are in public, try covering your ears and mouthing the words. This usually goes unnoticed, and is not really odd behavior for someone reading in a public place.
5-4. Check for key phrases and information.
It’s ok not to read the entire book, especially if it is non-fiction. By taking a moment before reading to locate key information, you can save yourself time.
Use the table of contents to locate what you’re looking for. If you’ve skimmed over a few paragraphs, check for summary words (in conclusion, in summary, furthermore) and pay particular attention to that paragraph.
Before you start reading, perform a quick check of a chapter. Take note of its title and any subheadings. Read the first and last paragraph, and check the topic sentences of the body paragraphs. Try to determine from these things the main idea of the chapter and the author’s intention.
Tips
Start off simple. Don't overload yourself with too many books to read, and try to begin by reading short, easily understandable books. You can start off by reading novellas (short novels) or books under 200 pages.
Determine what kinds you books you find interesting. Read books from your favorite genre. There are many genres like historical fiction, realistic fiction, science fiction, fantasy, mystery, thrillers, memoirs, classics, biographies, self-help books, and more. It's good to sometimes read books outside your favorite genre just to broaden your horizons.
Warnings
Keep in mind your own reading abilities so as to avoid frustration. If a book is too difficult to understand and you don’t want to spend lots of time trying to figure it out, move on!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing Wisely\\n1-1. Choose books that suit your current interests.\\nYou may think that you want to read the classics-- philosophy, the biographies of historical figures, and plays-- and if those are your interests, you should pursue them. There are plenty of other interesting books out there, though, and you can work your way up to more difficult material over time.\\nSome people like to begin by reading the novel versions of movies that they’ve enjoyed. From ‘’Fight Club’’ to ‘’The Hunger Games’’, you will find that many movies are actually based on books. \\nOne method of determining what kind of book you will like is to figure out what it is that drives you to frequent certain movies or TV shows. People who like biopics usually like biographies. If you like psychological thrillers, you might like murder mysteries or horror stories. If plot drives you, a lot of fiction is suitable for your tastes.\\nIf you don’t like fictional stories, try non-fiction. You will learn about real things that happened, gain insights into science, history, other cultures, or what people are doing to try to solve problems in the world, and explore interesting ideas by great thinkers.\\n1-2. Get book and author recommendations.\\nAsk people whose taste you trust-- people who like the same music, TV or movies as you. Ask them about what their favorite books or authors are.\\nAsking people you know is a good way to start out-- they can often lend you the books that they enjoyed the most.\\nTalk to English teachers and parents for book recommendations. They can help you find stories you enjoy and may have more book knowledge than your friends.\\nIf you like an author that a friend recommends, stick with them! It’s the best way to keep on reading.\\nUse online resources, such as Goodreads, to find book reviews and recommendations.\\n1-3. Check out book award lists.\\nStart with the best of the best! If they ended up on a list of great books for the year, a lot of people must have read and liked them so you can probably find something you like there too.\\nSome awards are based on what people are actually reading rather than what critics choose. This may be the best place to start since you know that the many people have enjoyed these books.\\nAward lists that are selected by writers, critics, librarians, and booksellers can give you an idea of what is going on in the literary world.\\n2. Finding a Time That Works\\n2-1. Look for a quiet, comfortable space to settle in with a book.\\nDon’t put yourself in a place where you will be self-conscious or experience interruptions.\\nLibraries are designed for finding great books and reading! You can grab a book and get started right away in the quiet of your local library branch.\\nGo to a park or somewhere outdoors. If you associate reading with oppressive indoor settings, going outdoors can be a great way to break up the monotony.\\nTry walking on the treadmill with a book. Some people simply cannot sit still while reading. Some studies say that you can remember more later if you read while walking on the treadmill, and the jolt of dopamine you get from multitasking may encourage you to keep reading.\\n2-2. Add reading to your schedule.\\nMany people think that they do not have time to read, but the truth is that they just have not found the time. Some easy tweaks may add an hour or so per day of extra time.\\nIf you normally have down time before or after work (extra time waking up or winding down), you can make reading a part of that routine. If you spend time checking your email or playing games as a matter of routine, put your book by your laptop or on the couch to remind you to read instead.\\nSmall adjustments make a difference. Getting up a little earlier can make time for reading in your breakfast routine. Getting to the gym earlier can make an extra half-hour for reading before bed.\\n2-3. Read before going to sleep.\\nGoal-oriented reading is less pleasurable than relaxed reading. You will feel happier after reading if it is done without any stress on finding information or reading a certain number of pages. \\nGo to bed a half hour or hour earlier than usual, so that you have time to read before you get too tired. Reading under the light of a lamp is much healthier than looking at the blue light of a phone screen or e-reader. It's good to read in the morning as you can get an inspirational and fresh start to your day.\\nBe aware that the light from an e-reader device may disrupt your sleep. A real book might be a better option before bed.\\n2-4. Squeeze reading in between activities.\\nThis is not the most relaxed way of reading, but if you are an on-the-go type, it’s a good way to fit reading in without having to shift your schedule too much.\\nIf you spend a long time commuting, bring a book instead of plugging into your phone.\\nIf you usually eat lunch alone, you can take the time to enjoy a chapter or two while you eat. If you eat out for lunch, try packing your lunch instead. This will free up a surprising amount of time.\\nReward yourself with reading after completing tasks for work or school.\\n2-5. Get away from screens.\\nOnce you've chosen or found the time to read, keep media from cutting into your precious half hour. Every time you look at something new, you get a jolt of dopamine. Forcing yourself away from screens will allow you to pursue the long-term enjoyment and deeper understanding that books offer.\\nTurn your phone completely off. You might be shocked at how often you reach for it and check your lock screen to find it completely black.This serves as a good reminder to stay focused on your book.\\nCompletely get away from your laptop or television. A click of the remote or trackpad will bring you back into the digital world, and you can get stuck there for an incredibly long time.\\nUse your local library. Libraries are built to be quiet, distraction-free places to read. Use them to their fullest!\\n3. Overcoming Obstacles\\n3-1. Skim before reading.\\nYou can skim while you read too! Reading avidly can sometimes mean that you find any way to make things easier for yourself.\\nRead the first few pages of the first chapter rather than reading the summary on the back of the book. This way you get a better understanding of the author’s writing style.\\nYou may find yourself in the middle of a book you really enjoy, but has taken a dry turn. Read topic sentences and final paragraphs so that you get the general idea. Read quickly until you reach a part that holds your interest.\\n3-2. Read in different formats.\\nYou might like the feel of having an actual book in your hands and turning real pages. If you don’t like carrying around and keeping track of too many things, you may like the convenience of using an e-reader device.\\nIf you use productivity apps on a tablet, you will probably like the convenience of e-books. Downloading your books mean that you have many books in one place. If you already carry a tablet, you won’t have to carry a book as well.\\nIf you prefer to go to the library and browse actual books, and enjoy the feeling of turning pages, you probably want to stick to real books.\\n3-3. Keep multiple books around.\\nHaving books around, whether electronic or real, to browse and choose from will inspire you to read.\\nUse your library. Take advantage of the fact that you can check out multiple books and return them if nothing grabs you.\\nIf there are books that you have that you’ve been meaning to read, leave them out! They will serve as a reminder, and you are more likely to pick them up if you are looking for something to do.\\nPurchase books for your tablet online or check out an eBook from your local library.\\n3-4. Move on if you’re having a hard time.\\nYou don’t want to waste time reading something that isn’t for you, and struggling through a book just to get it done might derail your efforts to become an avid reader altogether.\\nGather a few possibilities and read the first chapter or two of each one, then choose the one that grabs you.\\nIf you feel stuck or bored, try something different! Just because you like biographies doesn’t mean you wouldn’t enjoy some light fiction with a little less substance. It might just provide the break you need to go back to the weightier stuff later.\\nUse the fifty page rule. If you’ve started a book and don’t like it, you might still feel weird about stopping cold. Fifty pages is usually enough of the book to figure out whether or not it’s worth it for you to keep reading. If it seems like a chore, don’t do it. There are plenty of books out there for you to enjoy.\\n3-5. Start a reading log.\\nA reading log is a good way to look back on what you’ve read and to keep track of things that you want to read.\\nA log can be a list on your phone, a Pinterest board, or a physical notebook. Just make sure that it’s something that you’re likely to keep around or remember.\\nKeep an ongoing list of what you’ve read: a simple list of titles and author’s names. If you particularly liked a book, mark it. Also keep a list of recommendations and things that you want to read.\\nIf you’re the note-taking type, keep summaries and memorable quotes in the notebook as well. This will provide you with concrete examples of your progress and remind you of the knowledge and information that your reading has given you.\\n4. Joining a Reading Community\\n4-1. Join a book club.\\nHaving regular meetings on your calendar and knowing that you’ll need to be able to talk intelligently with other people about a book is a great incentive to keep reading.\\nDepending on where you live, you may have many genres to choose from. Try sticking to your favorite genre first, just to make sure that you stay on track. You can branch out after you’ve gotten into the swing of things.\\nIf you can’t find any near you, you can start your own. You can use Facebook or meetup to create groups easily.\\n4-2. Participate in city or statewide reading initiative.\\nThe public library systems in many states or larger cities often choose one book and encourage as many people as possible to read it at the same time. They usually include programs like book talks and other events where you can join a discussion.\\nIf you do this with friends, it can be easier to stay on track, and you’ll have someone to talk to about the book.\\n4-3. Sign up for an online book forum.\\nYou can look for a broader forum that discusses multiple kinds of books, or you can pursue a specific artist or genre.\\nOn social media forums like Goodreads, you can see what your friends are reading, read book reviews, and keep track of your own reading so you can see your progress. There is also an option to find books related to ones you’ve liked as well, which makes finding new books easy.\\n5. Understanding What You Read\\n5-1. Keep a pen in your hand.\\nIf you can’t remember what you’ve read right after you finish it, you may get discouraged. Taking notes ensures that you can quickly remember what you’ve read, even after you’ve forgotten it.\\nTake brief summary notes at the end of each chapter to ensure that you can look back and recall what you’ve read.\\nIf taking notes interrupts your reading flow, mark key paragraphs with a check mark or star. Later, you can go back to these starred paragraphs and take notes on them for yourself.\\n5-2. Read an entire paragraph before marking it up.\\nMany people highlight the first sentence of a paragraph. Sometimes the first sentence is the right one to emphasize, but in other cases, only looking at the first sentence of a paragraph can leave out key information.\\nDon’t mark up any specific sentences or words right away. Be patient and wait until the final sentence before deciding. If the paragraph seems important right away, mark it with a star.\\nAfter a difficult or inspiring paragraph, pause for a moment. Explain to yourself what you have read, out loud or in your head. Then summarize that in the margin or on a separate piece of paper.\\n5-3. Read out loud.\\nReading out loud is a great trick for people who are auditory learners. It also works any time that you may be having difficulty with the language of the book.\\nYou may feel a little bit silly if you are alone, but don’t let it stop you. You’ll soon get into the rhythm and forget your circumstances.\\nIf you are in public, try covering your ears and mouthing the words. This usually goes unnoticed, and is not really odd behavior for someone reading in a public place.\\n5-4. Check for key phrases and information.\\nIt’s ok not to read the entire book, especially if it is non-fiction. By taking a moment before reading to locate key information, you can save yourself time.\\nUse the table of contents to locate what you’re looking for. If you’ve skimmed over a few paragraphs, check for summary words (in conclusion, in summary, furthermore) and pay particular attention to that paragraph.\\nBefore you start reading, perform a quick check of a chapter. Take note of its title and any subheadings. Read the first and last paragraph, and check the topic sentences of the body paragraphs. Try to determine from these things the main idea of the chapter and the author’s intention.\\nTips\\nStart off simple. Don't overload yourself with too many books to read, and try to begin by reading short, easily understandable books. You can start off by reading novellas (short novels) or books under 200 pages.\\nDetermine what kinds you books you find interesting. Read books from your favorite genre. There are many genres like historical fiction, realistic fiction, science fiction, fantasy, mystery, thrillers, memoirs, classics, biographies, self-help books, and more. It's good to sometimes read books outside your favorite genre just to broaden your horizons.\\nWarnings\\nKeep in mind your own reading abilities so as to avoid frustration. If a book is too difficult to understand and you don’t want to spend lots of time trying to figure it out, move on!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It’s common knowledge that books are better than TV, and have the added benefit of making you more focused and informed. Even though you know that reading is good for you, however, you might struggle to be an enthusiastic reader who understands and recalls the book. This is not an innate talent-- just as you had to learn how to read, you have to learn how to read ‘’well’’. If you start by following your interests and overcome a few obstacles along the way, you will find yourself on a quick path to becoming an avid reader.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing Wisely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose books that suit your current interests.\", \"描述\": \"You may think that you want to read the classics-- philosophy, the biographies of historical figures, and plays-- and if those are your interests, you should pursue them. There are plenty of other interesting books out there, though, and you can work your way up to more difficult material over time.\\nSome people like to begin by reading the novel versions of movies that they’ve enjoyed. From ‘’Fight Club’’ to ‘’The Hunger Games’’, you will find that many movies are actually based on books. \\nOne method of determining what kind of book you will like is to figure out what it is that drives you to frequent certain movies or TV shows. People who like biopics usually like biographies. If you like psychological thrillers, you might like murder mysteries or horror stories. If plot drives you, a lot of fiction is suitable for your tastes.\\nIf you don’t like fictional stories, try non-fiction. You will learn about real things that happened, gain insights into science, history, other cultures, or what people are doing to try to solve problems in the world, and explore interesting ideas by great thinkers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get book and author recommendations.\", \"描述\": \"Ask people whose taste you trust-- people who like the same music, TV or movies as you. Ask them about what their favorite books or authors are.\\nAsking people you know is a good way to start out-- they can often lend you the books that they enjoyed the most.\\nTalk to English teachers and parents for book recommendations. They can help you find stories you enjoy and may have more book knowledge than your friends.\\nIf you like an author that a friend recommends, stick with them! It’s the best way to keep on reading.\\nUse online resources, such as Goodreads, to find book reviews and recommendations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check out book award lists.\", \"描述\": \"Start with the best of the best! If they ended up on a list of great books for the year, a lot of people must have read and liked them so you can probably find something you like there too.\\nSome awards are based on what people are actually reading rather than what critics choose. This may be the best place to start since you know that the many people have enjoyed these books.\\nAward lists that are selected by writers, critics, librarians, and booksellers can give you an idea of what is going on in the literary world.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding a Time That Works\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for a quiet, comfortable space to settle in with a book.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t put yourself in a place where you will be self-conscious or experience interruptions.\\nLibraries are designed for finding great books and reading! You can grab a book and get started right away in the quiet of your local library branch.\\nGo to a park or somewhere outdoors. If you associate reading with oppressive indoor settings, going outdoors can be a great way to break up the monotony.\\nTry walking on the treadmill with a book. Some people simply cannot sit still while reading. Some studies say that you can remember more later if you read while walking on the treadmill, and the jolt of dopamine you get from multitasking may encourage you to keep reading.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add reading to your schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Many people think that they do not have time to read, but the truth is that they just have not found the time. Some easy tweaks may add an hour or so per day of extra time.\\nIf you normally have down time before or after work (extra time waking up or winding down), you can make reading a part of that routine. If you spend time checking your email or playing games as a matter of routine, put your book by your laptop or on the couch to remind you to read instead.\\nSmall adjustments make a difference. Getting up a little earlier can make time for reading in your breakfast routine. Getting to the gym earlier can make an extra half-hour for reading before bed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read before going to sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Goal-oriented reading is less pleasurable than relaxed reading. You will feel happier after reading if it is done without any stress on finding information or reading a certain number of pages. \\nGo to bed a half hour or hour earlier than usual, so that you have time to read before you get too tired. Reading under the light of a lamp is much healthier than looking at the blue light of a phone screen or e-reader. It's good to read in the morning as you can get an inspirational and fresh start to your day.\\nBe aware that the light from an e-reader device may disrupt your sleep. A real book might be a better option before bed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Squeeze reading in between activities.\", \"描述\": \"This is not the most relaxed way of reading, but if you are an on-the-go type, it’s a good way to fit reading in without having to shift your schedule too much.\\nIf you spend a long time commuting, bring a book instead of plugging into your phone.\\nIf you usually eat lunch alone, you can take the time to enjoy a chapter or two while you eat. If you eat out for lunch, try packing your lunch instead. This will free up a surprising amount of time.\\nReward yourself with reading after completing tasks for work or school.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get away from screens.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've chosen or found the time to read, keep media from cutting into your precious half hour. Every time you look at something new, you get a jolt of dopamine. Forcing yourself away from screens will allow you to pursue the long-term enjoyment and deeper understanding that books offer.\\nTurn your phone completely off. You might be shocked at how often you reach for it and check your lock screen to find it completely black.This serves as a good reminder to stay focused on your book.\\nCompletely get away from your laptop or television. A click of the remote or trackpad will bring you back into the digital world, and you can get stuck there for an incredibly long time.\\nUse your local library. Libraries are built to be quiet, distraction-free places to read. Use them to their fullest!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Overcoming Obstacles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Skim before reading.\", \"描述\": \"You can skim while you read too! Reading avidly can sometimes mean that you find any way to make things easier for yourself.\\nRead the first few pages of the first chapter rather than reading the summary on the back of the book. This way you get a better understanding of the author’s writing style.\\nYou may find yourself in the middle of a book you really enjoy, but has taken a dry turn. Read topic sentences and final paragraphs so that you get the general idea. Read quickly until you reach a part that holds your interest.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read in different formats.\", \"描述\": \"You might like the feel of having an actual book in your hands and turning real pages. If you don’t like carrying around and keeping track of too many things, you may like the convenience of using an e-reader device.\\nIf you use productivity apps on a tablet, you will probably like the convenience of e-books. Downloading your books mean that you have many books in one place. If you already carry a tablet, you won’t have to carry a book as well.\\nIf you prefer to go to the library and browse actual books, and enjoy the feeling of turning pages, you probably want to stick to real books.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep multiple books around.\", \"描述\": \"Having books around, whether electronic or real, to browse and choose from will inspire you to read.\\nUse your library. Take advantage of the fact that you can check out multiple books and return them if nothing grabs you.\\nIf there are books that you have that you’ve been meaning to read, leave them out! They will serve as a reminder, and you are more likely to pick them up if you are looking for something to do.\\nPurchase books for your tablet online or check out an eBook from your local library.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Move on if you’re having a hard time.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t want to waste time reading something that isn’t for you, and struggling through a book just to get it done might derail your efforts to become an avid reader altogether.\\nGather a few possibilities and read the first chapter or two of each one, then choose the one that grabs you.\\nIf you feel stuck or bored, try something different! Just because you like biographies doesn’t mean you wouldn’t enjoy some light fiction with a little less substance. It might just provide the break you need to go back to the weightier stuff later.\\nUse the fifty page rule. If you’ve started a book and don’t like it, you might still feel weird about stopping cold. Fifty pages is usually enough of the book to figure out whether or not it’s worth it for you to keep reading. If it seems like a chore, don’t do it. There are plenty of books out there for you to enjoy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start a reading log.\", \"描述\": \"A reading log is a good way to look back on what you’ve read and to keep track of things that you want to read.\\nA log can be a list on your phone, a Pinterest board, or a physical notebook. Just make sure that it’s something that you’re likely to keep around or remember.\\nKeep an ongoing list of what you’ve read: a simple list of titles and author’s names. If you particularly liked a book, mark it. Also keep a list of recommendations and things that you want to read.\\nIf you’re the note-taking type, keep summaries and memorable quotes in the notebook as well. This will provide you with concrete examples of your progress and remind you of the knowledge and information that your reading has given you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Joining a Reading Community\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a book club.\", \"描述\": \"Having regular meetings on your calendar and knowing that you’ll need to be able to talk intelligently with other people about a book is a great incentive to keep reading.\\nDepending on where you live, you may have many genres to choose from. Try sticking to your favorite genre first, just to make sure that you stay on track. You can branch out after you’ve gotten into the swing of things.\\nIf you can’t find any near you, you can start your own. You can use Facebook or meetup to create groups easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Participate in city or statewide reading initiative.\", \"描述\": \"The public library systems in many states or larger cities often choose one book and encourage as many people as possible to read it at the same time. They usually include programs like book talks and other events where you can join a discussion.\\nIf you do this with friends, it can be easier to stay on track, and you’ll have someone to talk to about the book.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign up for an online book forum.\", \"描述\": \"You can look for a broader forum that discusses multiple kinds of books, or you can pursue a specific artist or genre.\\nOn social media forums like Goodreads, you can see what your friends are reading, read book reviews, and keep track of your own reading so you can see your progress. There is also an option to find books related to ones you’ve liked as well, which makes finding new books easy.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Understanding What You Read\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep a pen in your hand.\", \"描述\": \"If you can’t remember what you’ve read right after you finish it, you may get discouraged. Taking notes ensures that you can quickly remember what you’ve read, even after you’ve forgotten it.\\nTake brief summary notes at the end of each chapter to ensure that you can look back and recall what you’ve read.\\nIf taking notes interrupts your reading flow, mark key paragraphs with a check mark or star. Later, you can go back to these starred paragraphs and take notes on them for yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read an entire paragraph before marking it up.\", \"描述\": \"Many people highlight the first sentence of a paragraph. Sometimes the first sentence is the right one to emphasize, but in other cases, only looking at the first sentence of a paragraph can leave out key information.\\nDon’t mark up any specific sentences or words right away. Be patient and wait until the final sentence before deciding. If the paragraph seems important right away, mark it with a star.\\nAfter a difficult or inspiring paragraph, pause for a moment. Explain to yourself what you have read, out loud or in your head. Then summarize that in the margin or on a separate piece of paper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read out loud.\", \"描述\": \"Reading out loud is a great trick for people who are auditory learners. It also works any time that you may be having difficulty with the language of the book.\\nYou may feel a little bit silly if you are alone, but don’t let it stop you. You’ll soon get into the rhythm and forget your circumstances.\\nIf you are in public, try covering your ears and mouthing the words. This usually goes unnoticed, and is not really odd behavior for someone reading in a public place.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check for key phrases and information.\", \"描述\": \"It’s ok not to read the entire book, especially if it is non-fiction. By taking a moment before reading to locate key information, you can save yourself time.\\nUse the table of contents to locate what you’re looking for. If you’ve skimmed over a few paragraphs, check for summary words (in conclusion, in summary, furthermore) and pay particular attention to that paragraph.\\nBefore you start reading, perform a quick check of a chapter. Take note of its title and any subheadings. Read the first and last paragraph, and check the topic sentences of the body paragraphs. Try to determine from these things the main idea of the chapter and the author’s intention.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Start off simple. Don't overload yourself with too many books to read, and try to begin by reading short, easily understandable books. You can start off by reading novellas (short novels) or books under 200 pages.\\n\", \"Determine what kinds you books you find interesting. Read books from your favorite genre. There are many genres like historical fiction, realistic fiction, science fiction, fantasy, mystery, thrillers, memoirs, classics, biographies, self-help books, and more. It's good to sometimes read books outside your favorite genre just to broaden your horizons.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Keep in mind your own reading abilities so as to avoid frustration. If a book is too difficult to understand and you don’t want to spend lots of time trying to figure it out, move on!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,970 |
How to Become an ESL Teacher
|
1. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree
1-1. Apply to a university or college.
A 4-year degree from an accredited university or college is required to become an ESL teacher. Most schools, both small and large, house English, education, or teacher training programs. To make your future job applications as strong as possible, it is wise to select a school that has a strong reputation in the field you are entering.
1-2. Select a major.
Earn a bachelor's degree in education, teaching or English. The degree takes 4 to 5 years to complete, depending on the program and college you choose. Which major you choose will necessarily impact how you choose to package yourself as a job candidate.
Many colleges and universities have joint-degree programs that allow you to focus on specific aspects of two majors while earning one bachelor’s degree. These types of degree granting programs are ideal for ESL teachers.
1-3. Take core courses.
If you're pursuing a 4-year degree in teaching or education, then you will likely take core courses related to pedagogy, syllabus development, how to devise testing and assessment techniques, etc. You also must complete general education classes, such as math and political science and elective classes.
It may be wise to take some general history courses. Knowing the history of the countries of ESL learners may make teaching them English a little easier.
1-4. Take foreign language courses.
While learning a foreign language is not required to become an ESL teacher, it is strongly recommended. Which language you choose to take is up to you. However, you should be aware that you will have an easier time finding a job if you learn languages that are in demand.
For example, many European nations, especially in northern and western Europe, maintain a strong knowledge of the English language among their general populations. This will make learning a language like German, Dutch, or Norwegian less marketable than learning a language like Chinese, Spanish, or French.
Also, keep in mind that many developing nations that house multiple language groups utilize European languages as official languages in the country. So, it will do you little good to learn an obscure language from Senegal or Haiti, when you can just as easily provide instruction in French to people from these countries.
1-5. Complete a teaching internship.
Most education or teaching-based majors require you to complete an internship to graduate with a bachelor's degree. The internship is usually at a school or learning center and will be arranged by your department. Typically, internships are offered for 1 or 2 semesters and are carried out in the student’s junior or senior year.
Internships often do not pay regular wages, but they may offer college credit. They may also offer a small stipend.
2. Earning a Master’s Degree
2-1. Know why you’d want a Master's Degree.
A graduate degree takes 2 to 3 years to complete. Although the minimum requirement to work is 4-year degree, some employers may prefer hiring an ESL teacher with a graduate degree. Having this degree will not only increase your chances of being hired, but may also bump you up into a higher pay grade once employed.
2-2. Apply for a master’s program.
Select a program that is well-respected in the field of education or teacher training. As is the case with most graduate programs, the strength of a department lies in the teaching and research strengths of its faculty members. So, be sure to research departmental webpages to know who you will be working with.
Most graduate programs require students to select a faculty adviser. If this is the case with the program you select, it is wise to contact those faculty members directly to see if they will work with you and support your candidacy. You will also want to mention which faculty members you would like to work with in your application essay.
2-3. Complete your coursework.
Certain courses, like basic methodology and literature review courses will be required. You should select the remaining courses that fulfill your degree requirements based on the faculty member overseeing the course and the topic of the course, as they pertain to your specialty.
2-4. Network.
Graduate schools are great places to engage with other respected-faculty members and other students, which can help you find a job later on. While completing your coursework, take every opportunity to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.
Depending on the size of and available funding in your department, you may be able to get money to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.
2-5. Write your thesis.
A major component of completing your graduate degree is researching and writing your master’s thesis. This document represents your contribution to ongoing scholarly debates in your area of expertise. Your adviser in the department should be able to help you identify a topic and find resources for writing your thesis.
2-6. Acquire letters of recommendation.
As you are nearing the end of your degree program, you will want to ask three faculty members, who know you and your work well, for letters of recommendation. These letters will be essential parts of your application for jobs down the line.
3. Landing a Job
3-1. Join ESL organizations.
These organizations allow you to network with other ESL professionals and learn more about the career. More importantly, they will allow you to meet people who may be able to provide you with job opportunities, references, or advice on finding a job. Some of these groups are:
TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) is a global organization that holds annual conventions, maintains online forums and blogs, and provides access to TESOL resource centers.
AAAL (The American Association for Applied Linguistics) is the American branch of IAAL and offers access to peer-reviewed journals, holds annual conferences, and grants student travel awards.
IAWE (The International Association of Worldwide Englishes) is another global group that brings ESL teachers together, runs a journal, and hold various conferences throughout the year.
ILTA (The International Language Testing Association) is an organization that runs newsletters, holds online discussions, and hosts annual conferences for people interested in developing testing to gauge how individuals learn languages.
3-2. Earn a TESOL certificate.
You will need a Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) certificate to work as an ESL teacher. The certificate provides you with additional ESL training and is offered online or through community colleges and language institutes.
3-3. Pass the state teaching examination.
States require all teachers to obtain a license to teach at public schools and adult education programs run by the government. Qualifying to take the exam for the license usually requires obtaining a bachelor's degree and finishing a teaching training program.
3-4. Work as an ESL teacher.
You are now ready to get your career as an ESL teacher started. You can obtain employment through networking, help from college advisers or online employment websites.
You may find that work for ESL teachers is more readily available outside of the United States. If you plan to work abroad, you will want to apply for or renew your passport and look into getting a visa, if one is needed for where you are going.
There are a number of websites and online resources for ESL teachers looking to work abroad. Some of those sites are:
Dave's ESL Cafe provides a list of jobs available around the globe for people looking to teach ESL abroad.
Teacher Port gives a listing of ESL opportunities across Asia and the Middle East.
Go Abroad is a website that provides a number of suggestions for finding employment abroad to fund traveling abroad. There are many ESL opportunities on this site as well.
There are also plenty of opportunities to work as an ESL teacher domestically as well. Some websites that provide opportunities to to teach ESL in the United States are:
ESL 101 is a searchable database of ESL teaching jobs that allows the user to look for opportunities by country or region.
The TESOL website maintains a job listing database that can help you find an ESL job in the U.S.
Remember, ESL goes by a number of different acronyms (EFL, TEFL, ESOL, EAL), so be sure to search for all the associated acronyms when looking for employment. This will expand your job pool quite a bit.
University and college departmental webpages often maintain links to relevant job search sites. So be sure to scour English, teacher-training, and education departmental websites.
Many of the teaching opportunities for ESL teachers are found in public schools across the U.S. As such, you will want to look at state government and local school district webpages as well to see if there are any ESL job openings in your area.
Tips
You can take a foreign language at any time while you're trying to become an ESL teacher. It may give you an advantage when communicating with some students. However, learning a foreign language is not a prerequisite to teaching non-native English speakers.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree\\n1-1. Apply to a university or college.\\nA 4-year degree from an accredited university or college is required to become an ESL teacher. Most schools, both small and large, house English, education, or teacher training programs. To make your future job applications as strong as possible, it is wise to select a school that has a strong reputation in the field you are entering.\\n1-2. Select a major.\\nEarn a bachelor's degree in education, teaching or English. The degree takes 4 to 5 years to complete, depending on the program and college you choose. Which major you choose will necessarily impact how you choose to package yourself as a job candidate.\\nMany colleges and universities have joint-degree programs that allow you to focus on specific aspects of two majors while earning one bachelor’s degree. These types of degree granting programs are ideal for ESL teachers.\\n1-3. Take core courses.\\nIf you're pursuing a 4-year degree in teaching or education, then you will likely take core courses related to pedagogy, syllabus development, how to devise testing and assessment techniques, etc. You also must complete general education classes, such as math and political science and elective classes.\\nIt may be wise to take some general history courses. Knowing the history of the countries of ESL learners may make teaching them English a little easier.\\n1-4. Take foreign language courses.\\nWhile learning a foreign language is not required to become an ESL teacher, it is strongly recommended. Which language you choose to take is up to you. However, you should be aware that you will have an easier time finding a job if you learn languages that are in demand.\\nFor example, many European nations, especially in northern and western Europe, maintain a strong knowledge of the English language among their general populations. This will make learning a language like German, Dutch, or Norwegian less marketable than learning a language like Chinese, Spanish, or French.\\nAlso, keep in mind that many developing nations that house multiple language groups utilize European languages as official languages in the country. So, it will do you little good to learn an obscure language from Senegal or Haiti, when you can just as easily provide instruction in French to people from these countries.\\n1-5. Complete a teaching internship.\\nMost education or teaching-based majors require you to complete an internship to graduate with a bachelor's degree. The internship is usually at a school or learning center and will be arranged by your department. Typically, internships are offered for 1 or 2 semesters and are carried out in the student’s junior or senior year. \\nInternships often do not pay regular wages, but they may offer college credit. They may also offer a small stipend.\\n2. Earning a Master’s Degree\\n2-1. Know why you’d want a Master's Degree.\\nA graduate degree takes 2 to 3 years to complete. Although the minimum requirement to work is 4-year degree, some employers may prefer hiring an ESL teacher with a graduate degree. Having this degree will not only increase your chances of being hired, but may also bump you up into a higher pay grade once employed.\\n2-2. Apply for a master’s program.\\nSelect a program that is well-respected in the field of education or teacher training. As is the case with most graduate programs, the strength of a department lies in the teaching and research strengths of its faculty members. So, be sure to research departmental webpages to know who you will be working with.\\nMost graduate programs require students to select a faculty adviser. If this is the case with the program you select, it is wise to contact those faculty members directly to see if they will work with you and support your candidacy. You will also want to mention which faculty members you would like to work with in your application essay.\\n2-3. Complete your coursework.\\nCertain courses, like basic methodology and literature review courses will be required. You should select the remaining courses that fulfill your degree requirements based on the faculty member overseeing the course and the topic of the course, as they pertain to your specialty.\\n2-4. Network.\\nGraduate schools are great places to engage with other respected-faculty members and other students, which can help you find a job later on. While completing your coursework, take every opportunity to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.\\nDepending on the size of and available funding in your department, you may be able to get money to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.\\n2-5. Write your thesis.\\nA major component of completing your graduate degree is researching and writing your master’s thesis. This document represents your contribution to ongoing scholarly debates in your area of expertise. Your adviser in the department should be able to help you identify a topic and find resources for writing your thesis.\\n2-6. Acquire letters of recommendation.\\nAs you are nearing the end of your degree program, you will want to ask three faculty members, who know you and your work well, for letters of recommendation. These letters will be essential parts of your application for jobs down the line.\\n3. Landing a Job\\n3-1. Join ESL organizations.\\nThese organizations allow you to network with other ESL professionals and learn more about the career. More importantly, they will allow you to meet people who may be able to provide you with job opportunities, references, or advice on finding a job. Some of these groups are:\\nTESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) is a global organization that holds annual conventions, maintains online forums and blogs, and provides access to TESOL resource centers.\\nAAAL (The American Association for Applied Linguistics) is the American branch of IAAL and offers access to peer-reviewed journals, holds annual conferences, and grants student travel awards.\\nIAWE (The International Association of Worldwide Englishes) is another global group that brings ESL teachers together, runs a journal, and hold various conferences throughout the year.\\nILTA (The International Language Testing Association) is an organization that runs newsletters, holds online discussions, and hosts annual conferences for people interested in developing testing to gauge how individuals learn languages.\\n3-2. Earn a TESOL certificate.\\nYou will need a Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) certificate to work as an ESL teacher. The certificate provides you with additional ESL training and is offered online or through community colleges and language institutes.\\n3-3. Pass the state teaching examination.\\nStates require all teachers to obtain a license to teach at public schools and adult education programs run by the government. Qualifying to take the exam for the license usually requires obtaining a bachelor's degree and finishing a teaching training program.\\n3-4. Work as an ESL teacher.\\nYou are now ready to get your career as an ESL teacher started. You can obtain employment through networking, help from college advisers or online employment websites.\\nYou may find that work for ESL teachers is more readily available outside of the United States. If you plan to work abroad, you will want to apply for or renew your passport and look into getting a visa, if one is needed for where you are going.\\nThere are a number of websites and online resources for ESL teachers looking to work abroad. Some of those sites are:\\nDave's ESL Cafe provides a list of jobs available around the globe for people looking to teach ESL abroad.\\nTeacher Port gives a listing of ESL opportunities across Asia and the Middle East.\\nGo Abroad is a website that provides a number of suggestions for finding employment abroad to fund traveling abroad. There are many ESL opportunities on this site as well.\\nThere are also plenty of opportunities to work as an ESL teacher domestically as well. Some websites that provide opportunities to to teach ESL in the United States are:\\nESL 101 is a searchable database of ESL teaching jobs that allows the user to look for opportunities by country or region.\\nThe TESOL website maintains a job listing database that can help you find an ESL job in the U.S.\\nRemember, ESL goes by a number of different acronyms (EFL, TEFL, ESOL, EAL), so be sure to search for all the associated acronyms when looking for employment. This will expand your job pool quite a bit.\\nUniversity and college departmental webpages often maintain links to relevant job search sites. So be sure to scour English, teacher-training, and education departmental websites.\\nMany of the teaching opportunities for ESL teachers are found in public schools across the U.S. As such, you will want to look at state government and local school district webpages as well to see if there are any ESL job openings in your area.\\nTips\\nYou can take a foreign language at any time while you're trying to become an ESL teacher. It may give you an advantage when communicating with some students. However, learning a foreign language is not a prerequisite to teaching non-native English speakers.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher is responsible for instructing non-native English speaking students ranging from children to adults. As an ESL teacher you assist students in learning the English language, focusing on areas such as speaking, reading and writing. Also, you teach students about the different cultures of English-speaking populations, like those in the United States. However, before you can start teaching non-native English speaking students, you must know how to become an ESL teacher.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earning a Bachelor’s Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to a university or college.\", \"描述\": \"A 4-year degree from an accredited university or college is required to become an ESL teacher. Most schools, both small and large, house English, education, or teacher training programs. To make your future job applications as strong as possible, it is wise to select a school that has a strong reputation in the field you are entering.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a major.\", \"描述\": \"Earn a bachelor's degree in education, teaching or English. The degree takes 4 to 5 years to complete, depending on the program and college you choose. Which major you choose will necessarily impact how you choose to package yourself as a job candidate.\\nMany colleges and universities have joint-degree programs that allow you to focus on specific aspects of two majors while earning one bachelor’s degree. These types of degree granting programs are ideal for ESL teachers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take core courses.\", \"描述\": \"If you're pursuing a 4-year degree in teaching or education, then you will likely take core courses related to pedagogy, syllabus development, how to devise testing and assessment techniques, etc. You also must complete general education classes, such as math and political science and elective classes.\\nIt may be wise to take some general history courses. Knowing the history of the countries of ESL learners may make teaching them English a little easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take foreign language courses.\", \"描述\": \"While learning a foreign language is not required to become an ESL teacher, it is strongly recommended. Which language you choose to take is up to you. However, you should be aware that you will have an easier time finding a job if you learn languages that are in demand.\\nFor example, many European nations, especially in northern and western Europe, maintain a strong knowledge of the English language among their general populations. This will make learning a language like German, Dutch, or Norwegian less marketable than learning a language like Chinese, Spanish, or French.\\nAlso, keep in mind that many developing nations that house multiple language groups utilize European languages as official languages in the country. So, it will do you little good to learn an obscure language from Senegal or Haiti, when you can just as easily provide instruction in French to people from these countries.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete a teaching internship.\", \"描述\": \"Most education or teaching-based majors require you to complete an internship to graduate with a bachelor's degree. The internship is usually at a school or learning center and will be arranged by your department. Typically, internships are offered for 1 or 2 semesters and are carried out in the student’s junior or senior year. \\nInternships often do not pay regular wages, but they may offer college credit. They may also offer a small stipend.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earning a Master’s Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know why you’d want a Master's Degree.\", \"描述\": \"A graduate degree takes 2 to 3 years to complete. Although the minimum requirement to work is 4-year degree, some employers may prefer hiring an ESL teacher with a graduate degree. Having this degree will not only increase your chances of being hired, but may also bump you up into a higher pay grade once employed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a master’s program.\", \"描述\": \"Select a program that is well-respected in the field of education or teacher training. As is the case with most graduate programs, the strength of a department lies in the teaching and research strengths of its faculty members. So, be sure to research departmental webpages to know who you will be working with.\\nMost graduate programs require students to select a faculty adviser. If this is the case with the program you select, it is wise to contact those faculty members directly to see if they will work with you and support your candidacy. You will also want to mention which faculty members you would like to work with in your application essay.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your coursework.\", \"描述\": \"Certain courses, like basic methodology and literature review courses will be required. You should select the remaining courses that fulfill your degree requirements based on the faculty member overseeing the course and the topic of the course, as they pertain to your specialty.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Network.\", \"描述\": \"Graduate schools are great places to engage with other respected-faculty members and other students, which can help you find a job later on. While completing your coursework, take every opportunity to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.\\nDepending on the size of and available funding in your department, you may be able to get money to attend conferences, workshops and seminars.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write your thesis.\", \"描述\": \"A major component of completing your graduate degree is researching and writing your master’s thesis. This document represents your contribution to ongoing scholarly debates in your area of expertise. Your adviser in the department should be able to help you identify a topic and find resources for writing your thesis.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Acquire letters of recommendation.\", \"描述\": \"As you are nearing the end of your degree program, you will want to ask three faculty members, who know you and your work well, for letters of recommendation. These letters will be essential parts of your application for jobs down the line.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Landing a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join ESL organizations.\", \"描述\": \"These organizations allow you to network with other ESL professionals and learn more about the career. More importantly, they will allow you to meet people who may be able to provide you with job opportunities, references, or advice on finding a job. Some of these groups are:\\nTESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages) is a global organization that holds annual conventions, maintains online forums and blogs, and provides access to TESOL resource centers.\\nAAAL (The American Association for Applied Linguistics) is the American branch of IAAL and offers access to peer-reviewed journals, holds annual conferences, and grants student travel awards.\\nIAWE (The International Association of Worldwide Englishes) is another global group that brings ESL teachers together, runs a journal, and hold various conferences throughout the year.\\nILTA (The International Language Testing Association) is an organization that runs newsletters, holds online discussions, and hosts annual conferences for people interested in developing testing to gauge how individuals learn languages.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a TESOL certificate.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) certificate to work as an ESL teacher. The certificate provides you with additional ESL training and is offered online or through community colleges and language institutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the state teaching examination.\", \"描述\": \"States require all teachers to obtain a license to teach at public schools and adult education programs run by the government. Qualifying to take the exam for the license usually requires obtaining a bachelor's degree and finishing a teaching training program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work as an ESL teacher.\", \"描述\": \"You are now ready to get your career as an ESL teacher started. You can obtain employment through networking, help from college advisers or online employment websites.\\nYou may find that work for ESL teachers is more readily available outside of the United States. If you plan to work abroad, you will want to apply for or renew your passport and look into getting a visa, if one is needed for where you are going.\\nThere are a number of websites and online resources for ESL teachers looking to work abroad. Some of those sites are:\\nDave's ESL Cafe provides a list of jobs available around the globe for people looking to teach ESL abroad.\\nTeacher Port gives a listing of ESL opportunities across Asia and the Middle East.\\nGo Abroad is a website that provides a number of suggestions for finding employment abroad to fund traveling abroad. There are many ESL opportunities on this site as well.\\nThere are also plenty of opportunities to work as an ESL teacher domestically as well. Some websites that provide opportunities to to teach ESL in the United States are:\\nESL 101 is a searchable database of ESL teaching jobs that allows the user to look for opportunities by country or region.\\nThe TESOL website maintains a job listing database that can help you find an ESL job in the U.S.\\nRemember, ESL goes by a number of different acronyms (EFL, TEFL, ESOL, EAL), so be sure to search for all the associated acronyms when looking for employment. This will expand your job pool quite a bit.\\nUniversity and college departmental webpages often maintain links to relevant job search sites. So be sure to scour English, teacher-training, and education departmental websites.\\nMany of the teaching opportunities for ESL teachers are found in public schools across the U.S. As such, you will want to look at state government and local school district webpages as well to see if there are any ESL job openings in your area.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can take a foreign language at any time while you're trying to become an ESL teacher. It may give you an advantage when communicating with some students. However, learning a foreign language is not a prerequisite to teaching non-native English speakers.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,971 |
How to Become an Eagle Scout
|
1. Working up the Ranks
1-1. Join a Scout troop.
Join a troop that you like and that fits with your personality. It’s a good idea to choose a local troop.
Boys and girls can join Cub Scouts as early as the first grade. Once a boy or girl is older than 10, or has completed the fifth grade, he or she can join Scouts. You can join Venturing for ages 14 through 20.
Eagle Scout requirements must be completed before the Scout’s 18th birthday, so it’s best to join the Scouts young, when you’ll have plenty of time to complete all the requirements.
1-2. Familiarize yourself with the Scout Handbook.
The Scout Handbook is the official handbook of the Scouts derived from Robert Baden-Powell’s original Scouting for Boys. It contains all the requirements to earn your ranks.
The handbook has great tips on camping.
Get Scoutbook and go digital! It’s an easy web application to track progress that’s fun for Scouts and easy for unit leaders to track.
1-3. Earn the ranks that come before Eagle Scout.
To become eligible for the rank of Eagle Scout, you must first earn Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, and Life Ranks. These ranks require accomplishments in camping, cooking, navigation, nature, aquatics, first aid, fitness, leadership, safety, citizenship, and Scout spirit.
These ranks take time to earn and cannot be done in a rush. Make sure you join Scouts with enough time to accomplish these ranks.
Part of advancing in the ranks is accomplished by earning merit badges, which signify a Scout’s knowledge and skills in a particular area. By the time a Scout completes Life Rank, they’ll have 11 merit badges that they’ve earned.
1-4. Complete merit badges, keeping in mind requirements for Eagle Scout.
As you move up the ranks completing your merit badges, you should think about the merit badges you’ll have to complete for the Eagle Scout rank. While you only have to get an additional 10 merit badges for Eagle Rank, 13 badges of the cumulative 21 badges must be in certain areas. So you should keep those in mind as you work towards this goal.
It’s best to try to get the more difficult merit badges done before moving on to your Eagle Scout requirements, since you’ll want to devote your time to your Eagle Scout service project.
1-5. Be an active Life Scout for at least six months.
To become eligible for the Eagle Scout rank, you must first have been an active Scout at the Life Rank for at least six months.
Make sure you’ve got these six months to spare before your 18th birthday!
2. Fulfilling Eagle Scout Requirements
2-1. Get the required 10 additional merit badges.
To achieve Eagle Scout Rank, you must complete an additional 10 merit badges, bringing your cumulative number of badges up to 21. 13 of these total 21 badges must be from specific categories.
The 13 required merit badges must include the following: First Aid, Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Communication, Cooking, Personal Fitness, Emergency Preparedness or Lifesaving, Environmental Science or Sustainability, Personal Management, Swimming or Hiking or Cycling, Camping, and Family Life.
2-2. Serve your troop for six months as a leader.
In order to meet the Eagle Scout requirements, you’ll need to serve your troop in a leadership capacity for six months. You can serve your own troop, the Varsity Scout team, the Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship, or serve as a Lone Scout.
For example, you can serve your troop by acting as a patrol leader, troop guide, chaplain aid, or junior assistant Scoutmaster.
You could be captain or squad leader for your Varsity Scout team.
Be a boatswain, storekeeper, or quartermaster for Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship.
A Lone Scout serves in a leadership capacity outside of the Scouts in a school, religious, or community setting.
2-3. Participate in a Scoutmaster conference.
The aspiring Eagle Scout must participate in a Scoutmaster conference, which is a conference between the Scoutmaster and the Scout. Topics of discussion include your ambitions, future goals, and how you are doing in the troop.
This is a useful time to talk out the final hurdles the Scout will undergo to get their Eagle Scout Rank- the Eagle Scout service project and the Board of Review.
2-4. Think about your service project.
To become an Eagle Scout you’ll need to plan and execute a service project that benefits a religious institution, school, or your community.
The project must be approved by your unit leader and the institution it’s benefitting.
If you’re stumped on project ideas, consult community, Scout, or religious leaders to see what projects they may need help with.
Most Eagle Scout service projects are construction based. For example, many Scouts build bridges, decks, or playgrounds for an institution in need. Other more unique project ideas include hosting a free football camp for low income kids or collecting shoes to send to earthquake victims.
2-5. Submit the proposal form for your project.
You need to submit your project proposal for your Eagle Scout service project; this is the Eagle Scout Service Project Workbook. The proposal includes the scope of your project and its timeline. The project is evaluated based on the following: feasibility, safety issues, the steps of the plan for execution, and whether the project is one that will give the Scout a positive experience.
2-6. Complete the service project.
After your project is approved, you will complete your Eagle Scout service project by fundraising and soliciting volunteers along the way to help you.
To successfully complete your project, rely on the schedule you created for your project approval.
Take advantage of the internet and crowdfund to raise money for your project.
One of the goals of the Eagle Scout service project is to demonstrate your leadership, so refrain from doing the entire project yourself. Enlist and delegate tasks to volunteers to demonstrate your leadership abilities. Recruit volunteers from school, church, or your neighborhood.
2-7. Participate in the Board of Review.
Your final step is to prepare for, attend, and take part in the special Eagle Scout Board of Review. This board is made up of your troop leaders and a representative from council.
You'll need to prepare documents, including your Eagle Scout Application, a statement of your ambitions and life purpose, a list of all positions dealing with leadership, and a statement of any honors or awards received.
Part of the Eagle Scout Application includes six references who can speak to the Scout’s character. These can include parents, relatives, Scout leaders, or other Scouts and friends. However, the references must be be 21 or older.
2-8. Go to your Eagle Scout ceremony.
After successful completion of all the requirements for Eagle Scout Rank, go to the Eagle Court of Honor Ceremony, where you can proudly accept that handshake and smile from your Scoutmaster as they read your name aloud.
Tips
Besides being personally rewarding, being an Eagle Scout also looks good on resumes and college applications. Additionally, there are many scholarships available for Eagle Scouts.
As of February 1st, 2019, girls can officially join what was formerly known as the Boy Scouts of America, for the first time in its century-old history
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Working up the Ranks\\n1-1. Join a Scout troop.\\nJoin a troop that you like and that fits with your personality. It’s a good idea to choose a local troop.\\nBoys and girls can join Cub Scouts as early as the first grade. Once a boy or girl is older than 10, or has completed the fifth grade, he or she can join Scouts. You can join Venturing for ages 14 through 20.\\nEagle Scout requirements must be completed before the Scout’s 18th birthday, so it’s best to join the Scouts young, when you’ll have plenty of time to complete all the requirements.\\n1-2. Familiarize yourself with the Scout Handbook.\\nThe Scout Handbook is the official handbook of the Scouts derived from Robert Baden-Powell’s original Scouting for Boys. It contains all the requirements to earn your ranks. \\nThe handbook has great tips on camping.\\nGet Scoutbook and go digital! It’s an easy web application to track progress that’s fun for Scouts and easy for unit leaders to track.\\n1-3. Earn the ranks that come before Eagle Scout.\\nTo become eligible for the rank of Eagle Scout, you must first earn Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, and Life Ranks. These ranks require accomplishments in camping, cooking, navigation, nature, aquatics, first aid, fitness, leadership, safety, citizenship, and Scout spirit.\\nThese ranks take time to earn and cannot be done in a rush. Make sure you join Scouts with enough time to accomplish these ranks.\\nPart of advancing in the ranks is accomplished by earning merit badges, which signify a Scout’s knowledge and skills in a particular area. By the time a Scout completes Life Rank, they’ll have 11 merit badges that they’ve earned.\\n1-4. Complete merit badges, keeping in mind requirements for Eagle Scout.\\nAs you move up the ranks completing your merit badges, you should think about the merit badges you’ll have to complete for the Eagle Scout rank. While you only have to get an additional 10 merit badges for Eagle Rank, 13 badges of the cumulative 21 badges must be in certain areas. So you should keep those in mind as you work towards this goal.\\nIt’s best to try to get the more difficult merit badges done before moving on to your Eagle Scout requirements, since you’ll want to devote your time to your Eagle Scout service project.\\n1-5. Be an active Life Scout for at least six months.\\nTo become eligible for the Eagle Scout rank, you must first have been an active Scout at the Life Rank for at least six months.\\nMake sure you’ve got these six months to spare before your 18th birthday!\\n2. Fulfilling Eagle Scout Requirements\\n2-1. Get the required 10 additional merit badges.\\nTo achieve Eagle Scout Rank, you must complete an additional 10 merit badges, bringing your cumulative number of badges up to 21. 13 of these total 21 badges must be from specific categories.\\nThe 13 required merit badges must include the following: First Aid, Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Communication, Cooking, Personal Fitness, Emergency Preparedness or Lifesaving, Environmental Science or Sustainability, Personal Management, Swimming or Hiking or Cycling, Camping, and Family Life.\\n2-2. Serve your troop for six months as a leader.\\nIn order to meet the Eagle Scout requirements, you’ll need to serve your troop in a leadership capacity for six months. You can serve your own troop, the Varsity Scout team, the Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship, or serve as a Lone Scout.\\nFor example, you can serve your troop by acting as a patrol leader, troop guide, chaplain aid, or junior assistant Scoutmaster.\\nYou could be captain or squad leader for your Varsity Scout team.\\nBe a boatswain, storekeeper, or quartermaster for Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship.\\nA Lone Scout serves in a leadership capacity outside of the Scouts in a school, religious, or community setting.\\n2-3. Participate in a Scoutmaster conference.\\nThe aspiring Eagle Scout must participate in a Scoutmaster conference, which is a conference between the Scoutmaster and the Scout. Topics of discussion include your ambitions, future goals, and how you are doing in the troop.\\nThis is a useful time to talk out the final hurdles the Scout will undergo to get their Eagle Scout Rank- the Eagle Scout service project and the Board of Review.\\n2-4. Think about your service project.\\nTo become an Eagle Scout you’ll need to plan and execute a service project that benefits a religious institution, school, or your community.\\nThe project must be approved by your unit leader and the institution it’s benefitting.\\nIf you’re stumped on project ideas, consult community, Scout, or religious leaders to see what projects they may need help with.\\nMost Eagle Scout service projects are construction based. For example, many Scouts build bridges, decks, or playgrounds for an institution in need. Other more unique project ideas include hosting a free football camp for low income kids or collecting shoes to send to earthquake victims.\\n2-5. Submit the proposal form for your project.\\nYou need to submit your project proposal for your Eagle Scout service project; this is the Eagle Scout Service Project Workbook. The proposal includes the scope of your project and its timeline. The project is evaluated based on the following: feasibility, safety issues, the steps of the plan for execution, and whether the project is one that will give the Scout a positive experience.\\n2-6. Complete the service project.\\nAfter your project is approved, you will complete your Eagle Scout service project by fundraising and soliciting volunteers along the way to help you.\\nTo successfully complete your project, rely on the schedule you created for your project approval.\\nTake advantage of the internet and crowdfund to raise money for your project.\\nOne of the goals of the Eagle Scout service project is to demonstrate your leadership, so refrain from doing the entire project yourself. Enlist and delegate tasks to volunteers to demonstrate your leadership abilities. Recruit volunteers from school, church, or your neighborhood.\\n2-7. Participate in the Board of Review.\\nYour final step is to prepare for, attend, and take part in the special Eagle Scout Board of Review. This board is made up of your troop leaders and a representative from council.\\nYou'll need to prepare documents, including your Eagle Scout Application, a statement of your ambitions and life purpose, a list of all positions dealing with leadership, and a statement of any honors or awards received.\\nPart of the Eagle Scout Application includes six references who can speak to the Scout’s character. These can include parents, relatives, Scout leaders, or other Scouts and friends. However, the references must be be 21 or older.\\n2-8. Go to your Eagle Scout ceremony.\\nAfter successful completion of all the requirements for Eagle Scout Rank, go to the Eagle Court of Honor Ceremony, where you can proudly accept that handshake and smile from your Scoutmaster as they read your name aloud.\\nTips\\nBesides being personally rewarding, being an Eagle Scout also looks good on resumes and college applications. Additionally, there are many scholarships available for Eagle Scouts.\\nAs of February 1st, 2019, girls can officially join what was formerly known as the Boy Scouts of America, for the first time in its century-old history\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Eagle Scout is the highest rank that can be attained in Scouts BSA (formerly known as the Boy Scouts of America.) To achieve this status, you must be an active member of the Boy Scouts who has advanced through all of the previous ranks. Then you have to accomplish the tasks required of an Eagle Scout, including a large service project. With careful planning and diligence you can accomplish a most sought after award while having fun.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Working up the Ranks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a Scout troop.\", \"描述\": \"Join a troop that you like and that fits with your personality. It’s a good idea to choose a local troop.\\nBoys and girls can join Cub Scouts as early as the first grade. Once a boy or girl is older than 10, or has completed the fifth grade, he or she can join Scouts. You can join Venturing for ages 14 through 20.\\nEagle Scout requirements must be completed before the Scout’s 18th birthday, so it’s best to join the Scouts young, when you’ll have plenty of time to complete all the requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with the Scout Handbook.\", \"描述\": \"The Scout Handbook is the official handbook of the Scouts derived from Robert Baden-Powell’s original Scouting for Boys. It contains all the requirements to earn your ranks. \\nThe handbook has great tips on camping.\\nGet Scoutbook and go digital! It’s an easy web application to track progress that’s fun for Scouts and easy for unit leaders to track.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earn the ranks that come before Eagle Scout.\", \"描述\": \"To become eligible for the rank of Eagle Scout, you must first earn Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, and Life Ranks. These ranks require accomplishments in camping, cooking, navigation, nature, aquatics, first aid, fitness, leadership, safety, citizenship, and Scout spirit.\\nThese ranks take time to earn and cannot be done in a rush. Make sure you join Scouts with enough time to accomplish these ranks.\\nPart of advancing in the ranks is accomplished by earning merit badges, which signify a Scout’s knowledge and skills in a particular area. By the time a Scout completes Life Rank, they’ll have 11 merit badges that they’ve earned.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete merit badges, keeping in mind requirements for Eagle Scout.\", \"描述\": \"As you move up the ranks completing your merit badges, you should think about the merit badges you’ll have to complete for the Eagle Scout rank. While you only have to get an additional 10 merit badges for Eagle Rank, 13 badges of the cumulative 21 badges must be in certain areas. So you should keep those in mind as you work towards this goal.\\nIt’s best to try to get the more difficult merit badges done before moving on to your Eagle Scout requirements, since you’ll want to devote your time to your Eagle Scout service project.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be an active Life Scout for at least six months.\", \"描述\": \"To become eligible for the Eagle Scout rank, you must first have been an active Scout at the Life Rank for at least six months.\\nMake sure you’ve got these six months to spare before your 18th birthday!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fulfilling Eagle Scout Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get the required 10 additional merit badges.\", \"描述\": \"To achieve Eagle Scout Rank, you must complete an additional 10 merit badges, bringing your cumulative number of badges up to 21. 13 of these total 21 badges must be from specific categories.\\nThe 13 required merit badges must include the following: First Aid, Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Communication, Cooking, Personal Fitness, Emergency Preparedness or Lifesaving, Environmental Science or Sustainability, Personal Management, Swimming or Hiking or Cycling, Camping, and Family Life.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Serve your troop for six months as a leader.\", \"描述\": \"In order to meet the Eagle Scout requirements, you’ll need to serve your troop in a leadership capacity for six months. You can serve your own troop, the Varsity Scout team, the Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship, or serve as a Lone Scout.\\nFor example, you can serve your troop by acting as a patrol leader, troop guide, chaplain aid, or junior assistant Scoutmaster.\\nYou could be captain or squad leader for your Varsity Scout team.\\nBe a boatswain, storekeeper, or quartermaster for Venturing crew or Sea Scout ship.\\nA Lone Scout serves in a leadership capacity outside of the Scouts in a school, religious, or community setting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in a Scoutmaster conference.\", \"描述\": \"The aspiring Eagle Scout must participate in a Scoutmaster conference, which is a conference between the Scoutmaster and the Scout. Topics of discussion include your ambitions, future goals, and how you are doing in the troop.\\nThis is a useful time to talk out the final hurdles the Scout will undergo to get their Eagle Scout Rank- the Eagle Scout service project and the Board of Review.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about your service project.\", \"描述\": \"To become an Eagle Scout you’ll need to plan and execute a service project that benefits a religious institution, school, or your community.\\nThe project must be approved by your unit leader and the institution it’s benefitting.\\nIf you’re stumped on project ideas, consult community, Scout, or religious leaders to see what projects they may need help with.\\nMost Eagle Scout service projects are construction based. For example, many Scouts build bridges, decks, or playgrounds for an institution in need. Other more unique project ideas include hosting a free football camp for low income kids or collecting shoes to send to earthquake victims.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit the proposal form for your project.\", \"描述\": \"You need to submit your project proposal for your Eagle Scout service project; this is the Eagle Scout Service Project Workbook. The proposal includes the scope of your project and its timeline. The project is evaluated based on the following: feasibility, safety issues, the steps of the plan for execution, and whether the project is one that will give the Scout a positive experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete the service project.\", \"描述\": \"After your project is approved, you will complete your Eagle Scout service project by fundraising and soliciting volunteers along the way to help you.\\nTo successfully complete your project, rely on the schedule you created for your project approval.\\nTake advantage of the internet and crowdfund to raise money for your project.\\nOne of the goals of the Eagle Scout service project is to demonstrate your leadership, so refrain from doing the entire project yourself. Enlist and delegate tasks to volunteers to demonstrate your leadership abilities. Recruit volunteers from school, church, or your neighborhood.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Participate in the Board of Review.\", \"描述\": \"Your final step is to prepare for, attend, and take part in the special Eagle Scout Board of Review. This board is made up of your troop leaders and a representative from council.\\nYou'll need to prepare documents, including your Eagle Scout Application, a statement of your ambitions and life purpose, a list of all positions dealing with leadership, and a statement of any honors or awards received.\\nPart of the Eagle Scout Application includes six references who can speak to the Scout’s character. These can include parents, relatives, Scout leaders, or other Scouts and friends. However, the references must be be 21 or older.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Go to your Eagle Scout ceremony.\", \"描述\": \"After successful completion of all the requirements for Eagle Scout Rank, go to the Eagle Court of Honor Ceremony, where you can proudly accept that handshake and smile from your Scoutmaster as they read your name aloud.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Besides being personally rewarding, being an Eagle Scout also looks good on resumes and college applications. Additionally, there are many scholarships available for Eagle Scouts.\\n\", \"As of February 1st, 2019, girls can officially join what was formerly known as the Boy Scouts of America, for the first time in its century-old history\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,972 |
How to Become an Economist
|
1. Getting Qualified
1-1. Take math, statistics, and economics classes in high school.
To make college that much easier, start setting yourself up for success now. Take introductory courses in high school that'll give you a grip on what you'll be immersing yourself into in college. Get familiar with the topics at hand, stay up-to-date on current political and economic events, and start making it plan A for your future.
If you don't know much about this area, start reading and watching TV. Freakonomics, The Armchair Economist, and The Naked Economist are all great books that make their material exciting. You should also look at The Economist and the Wall Street Journal for more current information. When it comes to TV, watch a variety of channels to get different economic and political perspectives.
1-2. Get your bachelor's degree.
It's a good idea to major in economics, business management, or a math-related field, like statistics. Dive right into classes like microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics and economic thought and theory. You'll also need classes in marketing, finance, and accounting.
Don't forget classes in politics and industry, too. These sectors are closely linked with local and global economies and can help specialize your knowledge and land you jobs in the future.
1-3. Consider getting a master's degree.
Most successful economists have education beyond that of a bachelor's. The job outlook is better the more education you have, too. Though it is possible to get a job in a related field with just an undergraduate degree, consider getting your master's to up your career potential.
If you do stop at the bachelor level, you may find work as a research assistant, financial analyst, market research analyst, or similar other positions in business, finance, and consulting.
Many choose to get a part-time job in a related field to get work experience and then pursue higher education simultaneously to climb the career ladder as efficiently as possible.
1-4. Get an internship.
Master's (and PhD) candidates often get internships during their time at college, working with a professor or private company assisting with research. This looks great on a resume and can be your foothold into the academic or professional world of economics. Scope out your opportunities during your studies to supplement your education.
To get a balance of experience prior to your degree, try to do work in the private sector, with the government, and do research. This will give you a taste of the possible routes in front of you and help you make a decision later.
1-5. Look into getting your PhD.
Again, with more education comes more job opportunities (and higher pay). If you get your PhD, you could teach or work just about anywhere. This takes several years, and includes completing detailed research in a specialty field. It is a research-based degree that focuses on upper level understanding of quantitative analysis.
What can you specialize in? Industrial organization, game theory, international economics, income distribution and econometrics are just a few topics grad students choose to pursue individually.
Join a professional organization. If you have an advanced degree in a particular area, there is likely a professional organization you can join to meet and network with other fellow economists; two examples are the Association for Social Economics and the National Association for Business Economists. This can lead to great connections and job opportunities in the future.
2. Starting Out in Your Career
2-1. Find a job at a consulting firm or a scientific and technical company.
At the beginning, any job will do. Most economists don't start out as full-fledged economists. It'll be easier to land a gig as a financial researcher, an accountant, or as an assistant to an economist. You can then work your way up in the company.
If you have the right combination of education and experience, you could also look into working for business, research, or international organizations.
2-2. Consider teaching part-time.
Plenty of economists with higher degrees also teach part-time to supplement their income and keep up-to-date on and participate in research. During the time it takes to work your up the ladder, teaching can be a very convenient gig to keep your passions alive.
With a master's degree you can teach in community colleges and in high schools. It'll take a PhD to teach at the university level.
2-3. Work for the government.
Many economists and hopeful economists wind up working for the government. With the plethora of positions they need filled, this isn't exactly surprising. If private sector work doesn't seem for you, consider this as a valid alternative.
Most government positions accept those with only bachelor's degrees, but more education will ensure you a higher paid, higher-on-the-totem pole position.
2-4. Be patient in your climb up the career ladder.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics says the job outlook for economists through 2020 is going to be slower than average. Government or the private sector may be your best chance for employment. If you have to start out as an accountant or research assistant, consider it paying your dues. You'll rise to the top eventually.
Consider a job in any related business a step in the right direction. Many companies hire from within and with the right qualifications, you could easily become next in line. In this career, it's important to roll with the punches to stay on top of your game.
3. Going on the Job
3-1. Hone your analytical skills.
Economists are constantly collecting and scrutinizing even the tiniest bits of information. You will be a researcher, an analyst, and a forecaster. You will look for trends and patterns and essentially be a problem-solver. It's easy to see that analytical skills are a must-have even to just do your job at a basic level.
If you love puzzles, your analytical skills likely come natural to you. If you rock a good Sudoku game and enjoy websites like Lumosity, keep it up. To be a spark in the economics industry, your mind has to be firing on all pistons.
3-2. Stay current.
Economists are constantly looking at past and current trends to predict the future. They are on the frontier of the political climate and are always a step ahead of the curve. To make sure you're on the cusp (and to stay employed), you'll need to stay current with political and international events and trends.
Make sure to read local, regional, and international news. Familiarize yourself with future projections made by other economic analysts and follow political trends. You should be constantly reading (whether it's a book or on the Internet) to be able to analyze situations from multiple angles.
3-3. Work on your social skills, too.
Economists are constantly having to convince others of their findings. They're making presentations and giving speeches, forecasting the future, dispelling myths, and finding patterns to help their employer succeed and account for tomorrow. You need to be able to pinpoint relevant information in addition to relaying it to different types of people.
Many economists find themselves in slightly different fields, like writing a column about their knowledge, doing TV specials, or giving seminars. Because of the wide array of options that can spider out from this career, it's best to as well-balanced as possible.
3-4. Dive into your critical-thinking abilities.
Every day you're going to be confronted with complex problems and need to use higher level reasoning and logic. You'll need to take the data in front of you and think about it outside of the box, how it applies to different situations, and what it means for the future.
Every detail matters and can change your thinking. You'll need to be nit-picky and focused to be accurate. It will require diligence and a meticulousness not seen in many other careers. It's hard work, but it can be very rewarding.
Tips
The American Enterprise Institute is a good source of conservative economic ideas, and Paul Krugman of the New York Times is a good start on understanding the liberal perspective.[5]
X
Research source
If you take the professional route, you should try to take econometrics. A strong math proficiency and use of high level applied math can only help you gain respect and back up your ideas.
Warnings
Getting a job in economics is tough. If you get a degree in engineering, you'll probably be an engineer. Economics doesn't work like that. Economics might get you a degree in business, banking, or a whole host of other industries. If you want to become an economist, you're going to have to make an effort to do so outside of just majoring in it in college.
Economics is a field where there are a lot of different opinions. On some issues, there isn't a clear correct opinion. People will forcefully claim that they're right, and those people might disagree with you. If you don't have a thick skin or the ability to tolerate people who think differently from you, economics might not be the right field for you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Qualified\\n1-1. Take math, statistics, and economics classes in high school.\\nTo make college that much easier, start setting yourself up for success now. Take introductory courses in high school that'll give you a grip on what you'll be immersing yourself into in college. Get familiar with the topics at hand, stay up-to-date on current political and economic events, and start making it plan A for your future.\\nIf you don't know much about this area, start reading and watching TV. Freakonomics, The Armchair Economist, and The Naked Economist are all great books that make their material exciting. You should also look at The Economist and the Wall Street Journal for more current information. When it comes to TV, watch a variety of channels to get different economic and political perspectives.\\n1-2. Get your bachelor's degree.\\nIt's a good idea to major in economics, business management, or a math-related field, like statistics. Dive right into classes like microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics and economic thought and theory. You'll also need classes in marketing, finance, and accounting.\\nDon't forget classes in politics and industry, too. These sectors are closely linked with local and global economies and can help specialize your knowledge and land you jobs in the future.\\n1-3. Consider getting a master's degree.\\nMost successful economists have education beyond that of a bachelor's. The job outlook is better the more education you have, too. Though it is possible to get a job in a related field with just an undergraduate degree, consider getting your master's to up your career potential.\\nIf you do stop at the bachelor level, you may find work as a research assistant, financial analyst, market research analyst, or similar other positions in business, finance, and consulting.\\nMany choose to get a part-time job in a related field to get work experience and then pursue higher education simultaneously to climb the career ladder as efficiently as possible.\\n1-4. Get an internship.\\nMaster's (and PhD) candidates often get internships during their time at college, working with a professor or private company assisting with research. This looks great on a resume and can be your foothold into the academic or professional world of economics. Scope out your opportunities during your studies to supplement your education.\\nTo get a balance of experience prior to your degree, try to do work in the private sector, with the government, and do research. This will give you a taste of the possible routes in front of you and help you make a decision later.\\n1-5. Look into getting your PhD.\\nAgain, with more education comes more job opportunities (and higher pay). If you get your PhD, you could teach or work just about anywhere. This takes several years, and includes completing detailed research in a specialty field. It is a research-based degree that focuses on upper level understanding of quantitative analysis.\\nWhat can you specialize in? Industrial organization, game theory, international economics, income distribution and econometrics are just a few topics grad students choose to pursue individually.\\nJoin a professional organization. If you have an advanced degree in a particular area, there is likely a professional organization you can join to meet and network with other fellow economists; two examples are the Association for Social Economics and the National Association for Business Economists. This can lead to great connections and job opportunities in the future.\\n2. Starting Out in Your Career\\n2-1. Find a job at a consulting firm or a scientific and technical company.\\nAt the beginning, any job will do. Most economists don't start out as full-fledged economists. It'll be easier to land a gig as a financial researcher, an accountant, or as an assistant to an economist. You can then work your way up in the company.\\nIf you have the right combination of education and experience, you could also look into working for business, research, or international organizations.\\n2-2. Consider teaching part-time.\\nPlenty of economists with higher degrees also teach part-time to supplement their income and keep up-to-date on and participate in research. During the time it takes to work your up the ladder, teaching can be a very convenient gig to keep your passions alive.\\nWith a master's degree you can teach in community colleges and in high schools. It'll take a PhD to teach at the university level.\\n2-3. Work for the government.\\nMany economists and hopeful economists wind up working for the government. With the plethora of positions they need filled, this isn't exactly surprising. If private sector work doesn't seem for you, consider this as a valid alternative.\\nMost government positions accept those with only bachelor's degrees, but more education will ensure you a higher paid, higher-on-the-totem pole position.\\n2-4. Be patient in your climb up the career ladder.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics says the job outlook for economists through 2020 is going to be slower than average. Government or the private sector may be your best chance for employment. If you have to start out as an accountant or research assistant, consider it paying your dues. You'll rise to the top eventually.\\nConsider a job in any related business a step in the right direction. Many companies hire from within and with the right qualifications, you could easily become next in line. In this career, it's important to roll with the punches to stay on top of your game.\\n3. Going on the Job\\n3-1. Hone your analytical skills.\\nEconomists are constantly collecting and scrutinizing even the tiniest bits of information. You will be a researcher, an analyst, and a forecaster. You will look for trends and patterns and essentially be a problem-solver. It's easy to see that analytical skills are a must-have even to just do your job at a basic level.\\nIf you love puzzles, your analytical skills likely come natural to you. If you rock a good Sudoku game and enjoy websites like Lumosity, keep it up. To be a spark in the economics industry, your mind has to be firing on all pistons.\\n3-2. Stay current.\\nEconomists are constantly looking at past and current trends to predict the future. They are on the frontier of the political climate and are always a step ahead of the curve. To make sure you're on the cusp (and to stay employed), you'll need to stay current with political and international events and trends.\\nMake sure to read local, regional, and international news. Familiarize yourself with future projections made by other economic analysts and follow political trends. You should be constantly reading (whether it's a book or on the Internet) to be able to analyze situations from multiple angles.\\n3-3. Work on your social skills, too.\\nEconomists are constantly having to convince others of their findings. They're making presentations and giving speeches, forecasting the future, dispelling myths, and finding patterns to help their employer succeed and account for tomorrow. You need to be able to pinpoint relevant information in addition to relaying it to different types of people.\\nMany economists find themselves in slightly different fields, like writing a column about their knowledge, doing TV specials, or giving seminars. Because of the wide array of options that can spider out from this career, it's best to as well-balanced as possible.\\n3-4. Dive into your critical-thinking abilities.\\nEvery day you're going to be confronted with complex problems and need to use higher level reasoning and logic. You'll need to take the data in front of you and think about it outside of the box, how it applies to different situations, and what it means for the future.\\nEvery detail matters and can change your thinking. You'll need to be nit-picky and focused to be accurate. It will require diligence and a meticulousness not seen in many other careers. It's hard work, but it can be very rewarding.\\nTips\\nThe American Enterprise Institute is a good source of conservative economic ideas, and Paul Krugman of the New York Times is a good start on understanding the liberal perspective.[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you take the professional route, you should try to take econometrics. A strong math proficiency and use of high level applied math can only help you gain respect and back up your ideas.\\nWarnings\\nGetting a job in economics is tough. If you get a degree in engineering, you'll probably be an engineer. Economics doesn't work like that. Economics might get you a degree in business, banking, or a whole host of other industries. If you want to become an economist, you're going to have to make an effort to do so outside of just majoring in it in college.\\nEconomics is a field where there are a lot of different opinions. On some issues, there isn't a clear correct opinion. People will forcefully claim that they're right, and those people might disagree with you. If you don't have a thick skin or the ability to tolerate people who think differently from you, economics might not be the right field for you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An economist can work at the individual and business levels or even with large-scale governments and economies. They study, research, predict, and evaluate business and revenue trends in every industry out there today. They are smart individuals with a natural ability to problem solve and pinpoint meaningful details. They're great with puzzles and quandaries and love finding patterns and trends. If this sounds like you, being an economist could be the career you're looking for.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take math, statistics, and economics classes in high school.\", \"描述\": \"To make college that much easier, start setting yourself up for success now. Take introductory courses in high school that'll give you a grip on what you'll be immersing yourself into in college. Get familiar with the topics at hand, stay up-to-date on current political and economic events, and start making it plan A for your future.\\nIf you don't know much about this area, start reading and watching TV. Freakonomics, The Armchair Economist, and The Naked Economist are all great books that make their material exciting. You should also look at The Economist and the Wall Street Journal for more current information. When it comes to TV, watch a variety of channels to get different economic and political perspectives.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"It's a good idea to major in economics, business management, or a math-related field, like statistics. Dive right into classes like microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics and economic thought and theory. You'll also need classes in marketing, finance, and accounting.\\nDon't forget classes in politics and industry, too. These sectors are closely linked with local and global economies and can help specialize your knowledge and land you jobs in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most successful economists have education beyond that of a bachelor's. The job outlook is better the more education you have, too. Though it is possible to get a job in a related field with just an undergraduate degree, consider getting your master's to up your career potential.\\nIf you do stop at the bachelor level, you may find work as a research assistant, financial analyst, market research analyst, or similar other positions in business, finance, and consulting.\\nMany choose to get a part-time job in a related field to get work experience and then pursue higher education simultaneously to climb the career ladder as efficiently as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an internship.\", \"描述\": \"Master's (and PhD) candidates often get internships during their time at college, working with a professor or private company assisting with research. This looks great on a resume and can be your foothold into the academic or professional world of economics. Scope out your opportunities during your studies to supplement your education.\\nTo get a balance of experience prior to your degree, try to do work in the private sector, with the government, and do research. This will give you a taste of the possible routes in front of you and help you make a decision later.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look into getting your PhD.\", \"描述\": \"Again, with more education comes more job opportunities (and higher pay). If you get your PhD, you could teach or work just about anywhere. This takes several years, and includes completing detailed research in a specialty field. It is a research-based degree that focuses on upper level understanding of quantitative analysis.\\nWhat can you specialize in? Industrial organization, game theory, international economics, income distribution and econometrics are just a few topics grad students choose to pursue individually.\\nJoin a professional organization. If you have an advanced degree in a particular area, there is likely a professional organization you can join to meet and network with other fellow economists; two examples are the Association for Social Economics and the National Association for Business Economists. This can lead to great connections and job opportunities in the future.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting Out in Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job at a consulting firm or a scientific and technical company.\", \"描述\": \"At the beginning, any job will do. Most economists don't start out as full-fledged economists. It'll be easier to land a gig as a financial researcher, an accountant, or as an assistant to an economist. You can then work your way up in the company.\\nIf you have the right combination of education and experience, you could also look into working for business, research, or international organizations.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider teaching part-time.\", \"描述\": \"Plenty of economists with higher degrees also teach part-time to supplement their income and keep up-to-date on and participate in research. During the time it takes to work your up the ladder, teaching can be a very convenient gig to keep your passions alive.\\nWith a master's degree you can teach in community colleges and in high schools. It'll take a PhD to teach at the university level.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work for the government.\", \"描述\": \"Many economists and hopeful economists wind up working for the government. With the plethora of positions they need filled, this isn't exactly surprising. If private sector work doesn't seem for you, consider this as a valid alternative.\\nMost government positions accept those with only bachelor's degrees, but more education will ensure you a higher paid, higher-on-the-totem pole position.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be patient in your climb up the career ladder.\", \"描述\": \"The U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics says the job outlook for economists through 2020 is going to be slower than average. Government or the private sector may be your best chance for employment. If you have to start out as an accountant or research assistant, consider it paying your dues. You'll rise to the top eventually.\\nConsider a job in any related business a step in the right direction. Many companies hire from within and with the right qualifications, you could easily become next in line. In this career, it's important to roll with the punches to stay on top of your game.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Going on the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hone your analytical skills.\", \"描述\": \"Economists are constantly collecting and scrutinizing even the tiniest bits of information. You will be a researcher, an analyst, and a forecaster. You will look for trends and patterns and essentially be a problem-solver. It's easy to see that analytical skills are a must-have even to just do your job at a basic level.\\nIf you love puzzles, your analytical skills likely come natural to you. If you rock a good Sudoku game and enjoy websites like Lumosity, keep it up. To be a spark in the economics industry, your mind has to be firing on all pistons.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay current.\", \"描述\": \"Economists are constantly looking at past and current trends to predict the future. They are on the frontier of the political climate and are always a step ahead of the curve. To make sure you're on the cusp (and to stay employed), you'll need to stay current with political and international events and trends.\\nMake sure to read local, regional, and international news. Familiarize yourself with future projections made by other economic analysts and follow political trends. You should be constantly reading (whether it's a book or on the Internet) to be able to analyze situations from multiple angles.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work on your social skills, too.\", \"描述\": \"Economists are constantly having to convince others of their findings. They're making presentations and giving speeches, forecasting the future, dispelling myths, and finding patterns to help their employer succeed and account for tomorrow. You need to be able to pinpoint relevant information in addition to relaying it to different types of people.\\nMany economists find themselves in slightly different fields, like writing a column about their knowledge, doing TV specials, or giving seminars. Because of the wide array of options that can spider out from this career, it's best to as well-balanced as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dive into your critical-thinking abilities.\", \"描述\": \"Every day you're going to be confronted with complex problems and need to use higher level reasoning and logic. You'll need to take the data in front of you and think about it outside of the box, how it applies to different situations, and what it means for the future.\\nEvery detail matters and can change your thinking. You'll need to be nit-picky and focused to be accurate. It will require diligence and a meticulousness not seen in many other careers. It's hard work, but it can be very rewarding.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The American Enterprise Institute is a good source of conservative economic ideas, and Paul Krugman of the New York Times is a good start on understanding the liberal perspective.[5]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you take the professional route, you should try to take econometrics. A strong math proficiency and use of high level applied math can only help you gain respect and back up your ideas.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Getting a job in economics is tough. If you get a degree in engineering, you'll probably be an engineer. Economics doesn't work like that. Economics might get you a degree in business, banking, or a whole host of other industries. If you want to become an economist, you're going to have to make an effort to do so outside of just majoring in it in college.\\n\", \"Economics is a field where there are a lot of different opinions. On some issues, there isn't a clear correct opinion. People will forcefully claim that they're right, and those people might disagree with you. If you don't have a thick skin or the ability to tolerate people who think differently from you, economics might not be the right field for you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,973 |
How to Become an Editor
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1. Putting in the Necessary Work
1-1. Read voraciously.
In order to hone your craft, you'll need to develop an eye for good grammar, punctuation and syntax, as well as a sense of how text flows. Reading good quality content will help you sharpen these skills to a razor's edge.
Read newspapers for structure. Newspapers do an excellent job of structuring information from most important to least important. Read newspapers to get a sense of the lede, or main idea of the story, which usually occurs at the beginning of each article.
Read fiction for creativity and empathy. Works of fiction tend to examine the role of human relationships in shaping meaning and creating happiness (or taking it away). In addition to making you more socially attuned, it can even temporarily boost your empathy. These skills are important for the worldly editor.
Read nonfiction for historical context and informational insight. Nonfiction explores the stories of real events and people, which are often stranger than fiction. A good editor will use nonfiction to place stories in historical context and derive useful information from them.
1-2. Write every day
You may think that as an editor, you won't be doing much writing. Disabuse yourself of that idea. Although they aren't always acknowledged as writers in their own right, editors spend as much time toying with phrases and molding language to fit their will. Write something every day, whether it's the casual reminiscing of diaries or the formal analysis of an essay, and stick with it. Whatever you want your reader to know, you need to tell them somewhere in the first paragraph. Don't make excuses for why you can't write. Make excuses for why you write as much as you do.
1-3. Study vocabulary
Vocabulary is an essential part in learning how to be well-read and sharp-penned. Editors who constantly play with new words and discover new meanings in words see the world in a more nuanced way. Being a more nuanced thinker is what will set you apart as an editor.
Carry a dictionary around with you wherever you go. Maybe your "dictionary" is an app on your phone. Maybe it's a pocket Merriam-Webster. Whatever it is, use it. Whenever you come across a word you don't know, look it up and write it down on a list. Browse the list periodically to learn — not just memorize — the meaning of the word.
Practice the art of the mot juste. Mot juste is a fancy French phrase, coined by Flaubert, that roughly translates to "the perfect word for the occasion." Knowing lots of vocabulary, and seeing it in action, will help you choose the mot juste. The best editors and writers seem to pull le mot juste out of their black hats with a beguiling ease.
1-4. Feed your natural curiosity.
Writers, readers, and editors alike (as an editor, you are all three by default) seem to share an innate curiosity about the world. This curiosity propels them to learn about the world, package up that data in interesting, timely pieces, and present it to others in the hope that their curiosity might be piqued as well.
If you get an opportunity to, explore the world. Traveling is an excellent way to learn about different places and different cultures. Put yourself out there and meet people. Have interesting conversations by asking pointed questions. Put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Above all, be a fresh air fiend. Oh yeah — write about everything.
1-5. Hone your thinking.
In order to be an editor, you need three main mental attributes: creativity, or the ability to think of different permutations on the fly; persistence, or the ability to spend long hours staring at the same sentence; and analytical judgment, or the ability to make quick decisions about something's significance, place in context, or truthfulness.
Surround yourself with people who are smarter than you. If you're constantly the big fish in the little pond, you're eventually going to run out of mental stimulation. You'll get bored. You'll get the big-head. Surrounding yourself with people who are smarter than you will force you to re-evaluate and think through ideas from the ground up. You might even absorb some smarts by osmosis.
Make mistakes. Mistakes are your friend, not your enemy, as long as you learn from them. Don't be afraid to try out a sentence that ultimately doesn't work. Take that logical leap that you know is a little too stretched for comfort. Then re-evaluate, and think about where you went wrong. Vow to never make the same mistake twice. This is quite literally how you get better at what you do.
2. Getting Qualified and Looking for a Job
2-1. Decide what kind of editor you want to become.
Identifying which industry you want to work in and the kind of editing you want to do will help you determine the kind of training you'll need. There's a ton of leeway when it comes to deciding what kind of editor you may want to become. Figuring out which kind you're really drawn to is the fun part!
You should enjoy the field in which you wish to edit, such as loving literature to be a book editor or sports to edit a sports magazine. You should also develop your knowledge in that field.
Knowing the types of editing can also help you determine what kind of training you need. To become a content editor, you'll need to improve your writing skills in order to revise the content submitted by others. To become a copy editor, you'll need to improve your grammar skills to proofread for grammar and punctuation errors.
Some specialty areas, such as legal, technical or medical publishing, may require learning a specialized style guide. Other areas require learning supplemental skills; to work as a design editor, you need to develop layout and graphic design skills.
2-2. Consider whether you'd like to go to school in order to eventually become an editor.
Many, many people go to college and end up getting a degree in English, but not too many people go to school specifically to become an editor. Although you should absolutely pursue your dream of becoming an editor if you have one, know that many people who graduate with degrees in English regret not having chosen a degree with a more solid economic pathway to freedom.
Formal college training is decidedly helpful but not always necessary in becoming an editor. A degree in English, journalism, or communications is helpful in getting an in-house editorial position, and there are degree and certificate programs in writing and editing. However, if you write and edit well, you may be trained on the job.
To become a freelance editor, it's more important to demonstrate the ability to edit than to have a degree, although it may be necessary to get a degree if you seek in-house experience before freelancing.
2-3. Gain initial experience through volunteering or internships.
If you're still in college, look for internships that provide you with hands-on experience. If you're out of college, volunteer your services to charitable and other non-profit organizations or to friends or colleagues, or trade your services with someone whose products or services you need.
Some employers use interns as gofers instead of giving them actual editing-related work to do. If in doubt, check with others who have interned there before accepting an internship.
2-4. Consider starting off as a ghostwriter or fact-checker.
With editing, as with many other professions, there's usually a chain of command that you need to slowly work your way up, in order to be given the reins. Although it's not necessary to start off as a fact-checker or ghostwriter, it's definitely easier to get your foot in the door; once you have your foot in the door and impress people with your timely writing, sharp intellect, and willingness to work, it's much easier to move up from the inside than it is from the outside looking in.
Ghostwriters often learn to work with individual writers and establish long-term relationships with them. The downside is that you won't necessarily get the credit that you deserve (which is bigger than you might think), but the upside is that you'll establish a relationship with a writer who knows a lot of other writers and editors. Nurture these connections if possible.
Fact-checker jobs are often entry-level, right beside internships. Although normally tedious and having little to do with actual writing, many find the job to be a great way of building journalism chops and networking while angling for a better position. At some publications, such as the New Yorker, fact-checker positions can be prestigious, while at Der Spiegel, they can be numerous.
2-5. Market yourself to as broad a range of prospective employers as your specialization allows.
Be versatile. Think of yourself as a trusty Swiss-army knife, capable of doing many things at once in many different situations. The more skills and abilities you have under your belt as an editor, the better your employment opportunities will be.
For example, you can market your editing skills to aspiring authors as well as to book publishers and book packagers or market your design editing skills to advertising agencies as well as graphic design firms.
3. Making Waves as an Editor
3-1. Network
Other editors can tell you the process they took to get where they're at and refer work to you when they have too much work or are given a project they can't handle. Since the work of editors is often overlooked and underutilized, networking is also a great way to stay connected to top jobs and openings.
One way to network is by joining a professional editors' organization. Many have directories of editors already established in the field you may wish to become an editor in.
Another way to network is to attend writers' conferences and conventions associated with the areas you wish to find work in.
You can also network through professional social networking Web sites, such as LinkedIn, where you can join groups devoted to writing and editing.
Keep in touch with other writers and editors. Send them sincere congratulations when you see something they've written or edited that you like. Never burn bridges if you happen to leave a job.
3-2. Take the jobs or assignments that no one else will take.
This advice is applicable to a broad range of jobs, but it especially applies here. If you gain the reputation of being someone who's willing to tackle tough, unpleasant, or otherwise undesirable assignments, you'll begin to make yourself indispensable. You'll probably have no shortage of assignments if you're in the right kind of job, and you'll be viewed with the same adoration that a woodworker reserves for his favorite chisel.
3-3. Pay attention to getting details exactly right.
Unlike sales positions, where the white lie is actually encouraged, or some managerial roles, where the big picture is more important than the details, editors have to get the small things right. Whether it's being consistent with punctuation in your copy, making sure typos don't go unnoticed, or simply getting the facts straight, the small things matter more to editors than they do to other professionals, arguably. Editors stake their reputation on the small stuff. They're definitely worth sweating.
3-4. Start to define an issue that you care about.
After all the generalization and odd jobs that will probably define your early going as an editor, you'll begin to learn about the types of books, issues, or categories of work that you enjoy the most. After going broad and superficial early in your career, it helps to be known as the guy or gal when it comes to your specialization.
Editors can't get the Pulitzer prize, but if they could, it would probably go to those who chose to specialize in a particular field. What's yours? Do you care about human trafficking? Political unrest? Educational innovation in America? Define your own interests so that others have an easier time defining you.
3-5. Share your love of the written word.
Never stop caring about the best way to present, share, and communicate language so that it encourages other people to do the same. As an editor, your solemn task is to make language easier to understand while communicating as much information as possible.
Find someone who you can mentor. They'll appreciate the guidance and work you give them. On a practical level, they'll sing your praises to other people, helping bolster your reputation.
Appear in the media as a pundit. Be the trusted guy or gal that a news site goes to when they need an interview or a talking head. You'll have to forge a lot of deep connections to make this happen, but it's not impossible.
Continue to learn new things every day, and delight in them. You finally learned the correct way of conjugating an abstruse word you've been getting wrong all the time. Share your learnings with others. Instead of being known as the person who's too afraid to admit that they made a mistake, be the person who lives to discover new things. That's what's at the heart of being an editor.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Putting in the Necessary Work\\n1-1. Read voraciously.\\nIn order to hone your craft, you'll need to develop an eye for good grammar, punctuation and syntax, as well as a sense of how text flows. Reading good quality content will help you sharpen these skills to a razor's edge.\\nRead newspapers for structure. Newspapers do an excellent job of structuring information from most important to least important. Read newspapers to get a sense of the lede, or main idea of the story, which usually occurs at the beginning of each article.\\nRead fiction for creativity and empathy. Works of fiction tend to examine the role of human relationships in shaping meaning and creating happiness (or taking it away). In addition to making you more socially attuned, it can even temporarily boost your empathy. These skills are important for the worldly editor.\\nRead nonfiction for historical context and informational insight. Nonfiction explores the stories of real events and people, which are often stranger than fiction. A good editor will use nonfiction to place stories in historical context and derive useful information from them.\\n1-2. Write every day\\nYou may think that as an editor, you won't be doing much writing. Disabuse yourself of that idea. Although they aren't always acknowledged as writers in their own right, editors spend as much time toying with phrases and molding language to fit their will. Write something every day, whether it's the casual reminiscing of diaries or the formal analysis of an essay, and stick with it. Whatever you want your reader to know, you need to tell them somewhere in the first paragraph. Don't make excuses for why you can't write. Make excuses for why you write as much as you do.\\n1-3. Study vocabulary\\nVocabulary is an essential part in learning how to be well-read and sharp-penned. Editors who constantly play with new words and discover new meanings in words see the world in a more nuanced way. Being a more nuanced thinker is what will set you apart as an editor.\\nCarry a dictionary around with you wherever you go. Maybe your \\\"dictionary\\\" is an app on your phone. Maybe it's a pocket Merriam-Webster. Whatever it is, use it. Whenever you come across a word you don't know, look it up and write it down on a list. Browse the list periodically to learn — not just memorize — the meaning of the word.\\nPractice the art of the mot juste. Mot juste is a fancy French phrase, coined by Flaubert, that roughly translates to \\\"the perfect word for the occasion.\\\" Knowing lots of vocabulary, and seeing it in action, will help you choose the mot juste. The best editors and writers seem to pull le mot juste out of their black hats with a beguiling ease.\\n1-4. Feed your natural curiosity.\\nWriters, readers, and editors alike (as an editor, you are all three by default) seem to share an innate curiosity about the world. This curiosity propels them to learn about the world, package up that data in interesting, timely pieces, and present it to others in the hope that their curiosity might be piqued as well.\\nIf you get an opportunity to, explore the world. Traveling is an excellent way to learn about different places and different cultures. Put yourself out there and meet people. Have interesting conversations by asking pointed questions. Put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Above all, be a fresh air fiend. Oh yeah — write about everything.\\n1-5. Hone your thinking.\\nIn order to be an editor, you need three main mental attributes: creativity, or the ability to think of different permutations on the fly; persistence, or the ability to spend long hours staring at the same sentence; and analytical judgment, or the ability to make quick decisions about something's significance, place in context, or truthfulness.\\nSurround yourself with people who are smarter than you. If you're constantly the big fish in the little pond, you're eventually going to run out of mental stimulation. You'll get bored. You'll get the big-head. Surrounding yourself with people who are smarter than you will force you to re-evaluate and think through ideas from the ground up. You might even absorb some smarts by osmosis.\\nMake mistakes. Mistakes are your friend, not your enemy, as long as you learn from them. Don't be afraid to try out a sentence that ultimately doesn't work. Take that logical leap that you know is a little too stretched for comfort. Then re-evaluate, and think about where you went wrong. Vow to never make the same mistake twice. This is quite literally how you get better at what you do.\\n2. Getting Qualified and Looking for a Job\\n2-1. Decide what kind of editor you want to become.\\nIdentifying which industry you want to work in and the kind of editing you want to do will help you determine the kind of training you'll need. There's a ton of leeway when it comes to deciding what kind of editor you may want to become. Figuring out which kind you're really drawn to is the fun part!\\nYou should enjoy the field in which you wish to edit, such as loving literature to be a book editor or sports to edit a sports magazine. You should also develop your knowledge in that field.\\nKnowing the types of editing can also help you determine what kind of training you need. To become a content editor, you'll need to improve your writing skills in order to revise the content submitted by others. To become a copy editor, you'll need to improve your grammar skills to proofread for grammar and punctuation errors.\\nSome specialty areas, such as legal, technical or medical publishing, may require learning a specialized style guide. Other areas require learning supplemental skills; to work as a design editor, you need to develop layout and graphic design skills.\\n2-2. Consider whether you'd like to go to school in order to eventually become an editor.\\nMany, many people go to college and end up getting a degree in English, but not too many people go to school specifically to become an editor. Although you should absolutely pursue your dream of becoming an editor if you have one, know that many people who graduate with degrees in English regret not having chosen a degree with a more solid economic pathway to freedom.\\nFormal college training is decidedly helpful but not always necessary in becoming an editor. A degree in English, journalism, or communications is helpful in getting an in-house editorial position, and there are degree and certificate programs in writing and editing. However, if you write and edit well, you may be trained on the job.\\nTo become a freelance editor, it's more important to demonstrate the ability to edit than to have a degree, although it may be necessary to get a degree if you seek in-house experience before freelancing.\\n2-3. Gain initial experience through volunteering or internships.\\nIf you're still in college, look for internships that provide you with hands-on experience. If you're out of college, volunteer your services to charitable and other non-profit organizations or to friends or colleagues, or trade your services with someone whose products or services you need.\\nSome employers use interns as gofers instead of giving them actual editing-related work to do. If in doubt, check with others who have interned there before accepting an internship.\\n2-4. Consider starting off as a ghostwriter or fact-checker.\\nWith editing, as with many other professions, there's usually a chain of command that you need to slowly work your way up, in order to be given the reins. Although it's not necessary to start off as a fact-checker or ghostwriter, it's definitely easier to get your foot in the door; once you have your foot in the door and impress people with your timely writing, sharp intellect, and willingness to work, it's much easier to move up from the inside than it is from the outside looking in.\\nGhostwriters often learn to work with individual writers and establish long-term relationships with them. The downside is that you won't necessarily get the credit that you deserve (which is bigger than you might think), but the upside is that you'll establish a relationship with a writer who knows a lot of other writers and editors. Nurture these connections if possible.\\nFact-checker jobs are often entry-level, right beside internships. Although normally tedious and having little to do with actual writing, many find the job to be a great way of building journalism chops and networking while angling for a better position. At some publications, such as the New Yorker, fact-checker positions can be prestigious, while at Der Spiegel, they can be numerous.\\n2-5. Market yourself to as broad a range of prospective employers as your specialization allows.\\nBe versatile. Think of yourself as a trusty Swiss-army knife, capable of doing many things at once in many different situations. The more skills and abilities you have under your belt as an editor, the better your employment opportunities will be.\\nFor example, you can market your editing skills to aspiring authors as well as to book publishers and book packagers or market your design editing skills to advertising agencies as well as graphic design firms.\\n3. Making Waves as an Editor\\n3-1. Network\\nOther editors can tell you the process they took to get where they're at and refer work to you when they have too much work or are given a project they can't handle. Since the work of editors is often overlooked and underutilized, networking is also a great way to stay connected to top jobs and openings.\\nOne way to network is by joining a professional editors' organization. Many have directories of editors already established in the field you may wish to become an editor in.\\nAnother way to network is to attend writers' conferences and conventions associated with the areas you wish to find work in.\\nYou can also network through professional social networking Web sites, such as LinkedIn, where you can join groups devoted to writing and editing.\\nKeep in touch with other writers and editors. Send them sincere congratulations when you see something they've written or edited that you like. Never burn bridges if you happen to leave a job.\\n3-2. Take the jobs or assignments that no one else will take.\\nThis advice is applicable to a broad range of jobs, but it especially applies here. If you gain the reputation of being someone who's willing to tackle tough, unpleasant, or otherwise undesirable assignments, you'll begin to make yourself indispensable. You'll probably have no shortage of assignments if you're in the right kind of job, and you'll be viewed with the same adoration that a woodworker reserves for his favorite chisel.\\n3-3. Pay attention to getting details exactly right.\\nUnlike sales positions, where the white lie is actually encouraged, or some managerial roles, where the big picture is more important than the details, editors have to get the small things right. Whether it's being consistent with punctuation in your copy, making sure typos don't go unnoticed, or simply getting the facts straight, the small things matter more to editors than they do to other professionals, arguably. Editors stake their reputation on the small stuff. They're definitely worth sweating.\\n3-4. Start to define an issue that you care about.\\nAfter all the generalization and odd jobs that will probably define your early going as an editor, you'll begin to learn about the types of books, issues, or categories of work that you enjoy the most. After going broad and superficial early in your career, it helps to be known as the guy or gal when it comes to your specialization.\\nEditors can't get the Pulitzer prize, but if they could, it would probably go to those who chose to specialize in a particular field. What's yours? Do you care about human trafficking? Political unrest? Educational innovation in America? Define your own interests so that others have an easier time defining you.\\n3-5. Share your love of the written word.\\nNever stop caring about the best way to present, share, and communicate language so that it encourages other people to do the same. As an editor, your solemn task is to make language easier to understand while communicating as much information as possible.\\nFind someone who you can mentor. They'll appreciate the guidance and work you give them. On a practical level, they'll sing your praises to other people, helping bolster your reputation.\\nAppear in the media as a pundit. Be the trusted guy or gal that a news site goes to when they need an interview or a talking head. You'll have to forge a lot of deep connections to make this happen, but it's not impossible.\\nContinue to learn new things every day, and delight in them. You finally learned the correct way of conjugating an abstruse word you've been getting wrong all the time. Share your learnings with others. Instead of being known as the person who's too afraid to admit that they made a mistake, be the person who lives to discover new things. That's what's at the heart of being an editor.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Editors are responsible for overseeing the quality of publications, whether in print or online. Editors read manuscripts for conformance to the publication style, for grammar and for factual accuracy. They may select works for publication, assist in the publication design and deal with other matters related to the publication. If this kind of work interests you, here are steps to take to become an editor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Putting in the Necessary Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read voraciously.\", \"描述\": \"In order to hone your craft, you'll need to develop an eye for good grammar, punctuation and syntax, as well as a sense of how text flows. Reading good quality content will help you sharpen these skills to a razor's edge.\\nRead newspapers for structure. Newspapers do an excellent job of structuring information from most important to least important. Read newspapers to get a sense of the lede, or main idea of the story, which usually occurs at the beginning of each article.\\nRead fiction for creativity and empathy. Works of fiction tend to examine the role of human relationships in shaping meaning and creating happiness (or taking it away). In addition to making you more socially attuned, it can even temporarily boost your empathy. These skills are important for the worldly editor.\\nRead nonfiction for historical context and informational insight. Nonfiction explores the stories of real events and people, which are often stranger than fiction. A good editor will use nonfiction to place stories in historical context and derive useful information from them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write every day\", \"描述\": \"You may think that as an editor, you won't be doing much writing. Disabuse yourself of that idea. Although they aren't always acknowledged as writers in their own right, editors spend as much time toying with phrases and molding language to fit their will. Write something every day, whether it's the casual reminiscing of diaries or the formal analysis of an essay, and stick with it. Whatever you want your reader to know, you need to tell them somewhere in the first paragraph. Don't make excuses for why you can't write. Make excuses for why you write as much as you do.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study vocabulary\", \"描述\": \"Vocabulary is an essential part in learning how to be well-read and sharp-penned. Editors who constantly play with new words and discover new meanings in words see the world in a more nuanced way. Being a more nuanced thinker is what will set you apart as an editor.\\nCarry a dictionary around with you wherever you go. Maybe your \\\"dictionary\\\" is an app on your phone. Maybe it's a pocket Merriam-Webster. Whatever it is, use it. Whenever you come across a word you don't know, look it up and write it down on a list. Browse the list periodically to learn — not just memorize — the meaning of the word.\\nPractice the art of the mot juste. Mot juste is a fancy French phrase, coined by Flaubert, that roughly translates to \\\"the perfect word for the occasion.\\\" Knowing lots of vocabulary, and seeing it in action, will help you choose the mot juste. The best editors and writers seem to pull le mot juste out of their black hats with a beguiling ease.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Feed your natural curiosity.\", \"描述\": \"Writers, readers, and editors alike (as an editor, you are all three by default) seem to share an innate curiosity about the world. This curiosity propels them to learn about the world, package up that data in interesting, timely pieces, and present it to others in the hope that their curiosity might be piqued as well.\\nIf you get an opportunity to, explore the world. Traveling is an excellent way to learn about different places and different cultures. Put yourself out there and meet people. Have interesting conversations by asking pointed questions. Put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Above all, be a fresh air fiend. Oh yeah — write about everything.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Hone your thinking.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be an editor, you need three main mental attributes: creativity, or the ability to think of different permutations on the fly; persistence, or the ability to spend long hours staring at the same sentence; and analytical judgment, or the ability to make quick decisions about something's significance, place in context, or truthfulness.\\nSurround yourself with people who are smarter than you. If you're constantly the big fish in the little pond, you're eventually going to run out of mental stimulation. You'll get bored. You'll get the big-head. Surrounding yourself with people who are smarter than you will force you to re-evaluate and think through ideas from the ground up. You might even absorb some smarts by osmosis.\\nMake mistakes. Mistakes are your friend, not your enemy, as long as you learn from them. Don't be afraid to try out a sentence that ultimately doesn't work. Take that logical leap that you know is a little too stretched for comfort. Then re-evaluate, and think about where you went wrong. Vow to never make the same mistake twice. This is quite literally how you get better at what you do.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified and Looking for a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide what kind of editor you want to become.\", \"描述\": \"Identifying which industry you want to work in and the kind of editing you want to do will help you determine the kind of training you'll need. There's a ton of leeway when it comes to deciding what kind of editor you may want to become. Figuring out which kind you're really drawn to is the fun part!\\nYou should enjoy the field in which you wish to edit, such as loving literature to be a book editor or sports to edit a sports magazine. You should also develop your knowledge in that field.\\nKnowing the types of editing can also help you determine what kind of training you need. To become a content editor, you'll need to improve your writing skills in order to revise the content submitted by others. To become a copy editor, you'll need to improve your grammar skills to proofread for grammar and punctuation errors.\\nSome specialty areas, such as legal, technical or medical publishing, may require learning a specialized style guide. Other areas require learning supplemental skills; to work as a design editor, you need to develop layout and graphic design skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider whether you'd like to go to school in order to eventually become an editor.\", \"描述\": \"Many, many people go to college and end up getting a degree in English, but not too many people go to school specifically to become an editor. Although you should absolutely pursue your dream of becoming an editor if you have one, know that many people who graduate with degrees in English regret not having chosen a degree with a more solid economic pathway to freedom.\\nFormal college training is decidedly helpful but not always necessary in becoming an editor. A degree in English, journalism, or communications is helpful in getting an in-house editorial position, and there are degree and certificate programs in writing and editing. However, if you write and edit well, you may be trained on the job.\\nTo become a freelance editor, it's more important to demonstrate the ability to edit than to have a degree, although it may be necessary to get a degree if you seek in-house experience before freelancing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain initial experience through volunteering or internships.\", \"描述\": \"If you're still in college, look for internships that provide you with hands-on experience. If you're out of college, volunteer your services to charitable and other non-profit organizations or to friends or colleagues, or trade your services with someone whose products or services you need.\\nSome employers use interns as gofers instead of giving them actual editing-related work to do. If in doubt, check with others who have interned there before accepting an internship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider starting off as a ghostwriter or fact-checker.\", \"描述\": \"With editing, as with many other professions, there's usually a chain of command that you need to slowly work your way up, in order to be given the reins. Although it's not necessary to start off as a fact-checker or ghostwriter, it's definitely easier to get your foot in the door; once you have your foot in the door and impress people with your timely writing, sharp intellect, and willingness to work, it's much easier to move up from the inside than it is from the outside looking in.\\nGhostwriters often learn to work with individual writers and establish long-term relationships with them. The downside is that you won't necessarily get the credit that you deserve (which is bigger than you might think), but the upside is that you'll establish a relationship with a writer who knows a lot of other writers and editors. Nurture these connections if possible.\\nFact-checker jobs are often entry-level, right beside internships. Although normally tedious and having little to do with actual writing, many find the job to be a great way of building journalism chops and networking while angling for a better position. At some publications, such as the New Yorker, fact-checker positions can be prestigious, while at Der Spiegel, they can be numerous.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Market yourself to as broad a range of prospective employers as your specialization allows.\", \"描述\": \"Be versatile. Think of yourself as a trusty Swiss-army knife, capable of doing many things at once in many different situations. The more skills and abilities you have under your belt as an editor, the better your employment opportunities will be.\\nFor example, you can market your editing skills to aspiring authors as well as to book publishers and book packagers or market your design editing skills to advertising agencies as well as graphic design firms.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making Waves as an Editor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Network\", \"描述\": \"Other editors can tell you the process they took to get where they're at and refer work to you when they have too much work or are given a project they can't handle. Since the work of editors is often overlooked and underutilized, networking is also a great way to stay connected to top jobs and openings.\\nOne way to network is by joining a professional editors' organization. Many have directories of editors already established in the field you may wish to become an editor in.\\nAnother way to network is to attend writers' conferences and conventions associated with the areas you wish to find work in.\\nYou can also network through professional social networking Web sites, such as LinkedIn, where you can join groups devoted to writing and editing.\\nKeep in touch with other writers and editors. Send them sincere congratulations when you see something they've written or edited that you like. Never burn bridges if you happen to leave a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the jobs or assignments that no one else will take.\", \"描述\": \"This advice is applicable to a broad range of jobs, but it especially applies here. If you gain the reputation of being someone who's willing to tackle tough, unpleasant, or otherwise undesirable assignments, you'll begin to make yourself indispensable. You'll probably have no shortage of assignments if you're in the right kind of job, and you'll be viewed with the same adoration that a woodworker reserves for his favorite chisel.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay attention to getting details exactly right.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike sales positions, where the white lie is actually encouraged, or some managerial roles, where the big picture is more important than the details, editors have to get the small things right. Whether it's being consistent with punctuation in your copy, making sure typos don't go unnoticed, or simply getting the facts straight, the small things matter more to editors than they do to other professionals, arguably. Editors stake their reputation on the small stuff. They're definitely worth sweating.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start to define an issue that you care about.\", \"描述\": \"After all the generalization and odd jobs that will probably define your early going as an editor, you'll begin to learn about the types of books, issues, or categories of work that you enjoy the most. After going broad and superficial early in your career, it helps to be known as the guy or gal when it comes to your specialization.\\nEditors can't get the Pulitzer prize, but if they could, it would probably go to those who chose to specialize in a particular field. What's yours? Do you care about human trafficking? Political unrest? Educational innovation in America? Define your own interests so that others have an easier time defining you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Share your love of the written word.\", \"描述\": \"Never stop caring about the best way to present, share, and communicate language so that it encourages other people to do the same. As an editor, your solemn task is to make language easier to understand while communicating as much information as possible.\\nFind someone who you can mentor. They'll appreciate the guidance and work you give them. On a practical level, they'll sing your praises to other people, helping bolster your reputation.\\nAppear in the media as a pundit. Be the trusted guy or gal that a news site goes to when they need an interview or a talking head. You'll have to forge a lot of deep connections to make this happen, but it's not impossible.\\nContinue to learn new things every day, and delight in them. You finally learned the correct way of conjugating an abstruse word you've been getting wrong all the time. Share your learnings with others. Instead of being known as the person who's too afraid to admit that they made a mistake, be the person who lives to discover new things. That's what's at the heart of being an editor.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,974 |
How to Become an Edm DJ
|
1. Building Your DJ Setup
1-1. Find a laptop to use that you can easily transport.
Most laptops will be able to run DJ software, so if you already have a nice laptop of your own, you can use that one. It’s best to use one that you can bring with you to venues easily, and the laptop should have a USB port.
Though your laptop will likely be plugged in while you’re DJing, it’s a plus if your laptop has a good battery life.
Depending on the software, you should try to have 2-8 GB of RAM.
1-2. Choose DJ software to get you started.
The DJ software is essential for creating mixes and experimenting as a DJ with the music. Pick out a program that suits your needs, such as Apple Logic Pro, Ableton Live, or Image Line’s FL Studio. The software can get pricey, so do some research and choose which one you’re most comfortable using.
Choose a software that works with your specific laptop, such as Windows or Mac.
Another term for this is DAW, or digital audio workstation.
1-3. Purchase a quality pair of over-ear headphones.
The headphones should be comfortable and sturdy while being able to isolate the music well. You don’t need to spend a lot of money on them—over-ear closed headphones that can be found at electronic stores or online will work well.
These will help you with cueing, so you’ll be able to hear a song through the headphones and decide when to start playing it through the speakers.
1-4. Select EDM MP3 files to create a library of music.
There are lots of websites you can visit that are geared specifically towards DJs and EDM music, giving you thousands of options for MP3 files. Listen to the songs before purchasing them to make sure they’re of good quality and don’t sound grainy.
Try to find artists that you love and create a collection of music based on your favorite songs of the genre.
Websites with good music options include Club Killers, Late Night Record Pool, and iTunes.
Some websites will also provide free EDM samples.
1-5. Pick out monitor speakers so your music can be heard.
The type and size of speakers you need will depend on the venues you’ll be playing at, but if you’re just starting to DJ, don’t invest a ton of money into the speakers. If you have a simple set of 2 speakers around the house that can plug in to your computer, these should work, and a subwoofer will complete your speaker needs.
Make sure you have cords that will connect the speakers to your laptop.
Purchase DJ monitor speakers if you have the money or when you begin playing at larger venues.
2. Honing Your DJ Skills
2-1. Learn to use the software by experimenting with songs.
The best way for you to learn everything your DJ software can do is to just play around with it and try out different tools. If you’re a visual learner, it might help to watch online videos of others using the software, and if you learn better through reading, read articles online about the software or purchase a book on the topic.
For example, discover what Logic Pro can do by watching a YouTube video on how to begin using it and then trying out the methods yourself.
2-2. Practice transitioning between songs.
To create a smooth transition, it helps to learn to pay attention to the tempo of each song so that you can match them fluidly. As a song ends, choose a song with a similar rhythm to start playing next so you can easily fade them in and out.
Your DJ software will help you learn how to do this, but play around with different songs to listen for which ones flow nicely together.
Learning to beatmatch will help you transition from one song to another smoothly.
2-3. Use EQ
EQing, or equalizing, helps boost or reduce certain tones in music so that you create the sound you want. Before EQing, listen to the track and decide if there are any elements in it that you'd like to change, such as exaggerating sounds that you like, cutting out sounds you don't like, or altering a sound so it's slightly different.
When first starting to use an equalizer, make small changes, such as boosting the sound 3dB, to see how it alters the sound.
2-4. Create an entire set to help you get booked.
When you're creating your set of music, pay close attention to the venue and audience you'll be playing for. Pick out EDM tracks you think the audience will enjoy, and plan out your set according to the type of energy you want to create throughout the show.
For example, you might start with songs that have medium energy, working your way up to high-intensity songs and then slowly coming back down.
Your set may need to be an hour to several hours long depending on the event and venue.
2-5. Study DJs that inspire you to learn from them.
Scope out EDM artists whose work you love, or go see a DJ live so that you can watch them in action. Listen carefully to the songs they choose, how they switch smoothly between songs, or how they get the crowd to maintain their excitement throughout an entire show.
You can also watch YouTube videos of EDM DJs that you like, as many of them create videos either showing them at a live show or giving bits of advice for DJing.
2-6. Look at online resources for help, if necessary.
YouTube is a great source for figuring out how to use DJ software, pick great songs for the crowd, or put together unique mixes. The videos will give you a great visual and you can follow along using your own software and music.
There are also lots of blogs, articles, and forums online that will help you find the answer to any problem you’re having.
3. Expanding Your Following
3-1. Brand yourself by choosing a unique DJ name.
Choosing your DJ name gives you a unique opportunity to craft your DJ identity from scratch, selecting a name that exemplifies your music. You can use your own name, a nickname for yourself, or come up with a completely new name that you think sounds cool. Try to pick a simple, catchy name that people will remember.
For example, Avicii, Skrillex, and Afrojack all chose unique names that sound interesting.
Make sure the name you choose is easily pronounceable, and do a quick online search to make sure it’s not already taken.
3-2. Make yourself stand out from other DJs.
Some DJs have a certain costume that they wear during every show, while others have special lighting or fun props. When the crowd sees these things, they know which DJ is performing and get more excited. Try to pick your own signature outfit, prop, or activity to engage the crowd.
For example, you could choose to give everyone in the crowd glow sticks or have bubble machines creating bubbles the entire time.
You could have a light-up jacket that represents you as a DJ.
3-3. Market yourself on social media.
Create events on Facebook and invite people to them to help spread the word that you’re going to have a show. You can also post pictures on Instagram to get people excited about your DJing or tweet what you’re working on for the next show on Twitter. By having a strong social media presence and getting into the EDM community, you’ll attract more fans and will be easier to get in touch with.
If you make unique mixes or sets, you can use Soundcloud to post them for others to listen.
3-4. Reach out to venues around town to see if they’ll let you play.
Email, call, or visit local nightclubs in your area to see if they’re interested in having you perform your EDM tracks. You can also reach out to friends to see if they want a DJ at their next party, or you can see when local carnivals or festivals will be happening and contact them about performing too.
Make sure you specify that you'll be playing EDM music when booking venues or events.
Creating a CD of one of your setlists to give to the nightclub or festival coordinator is a good way to show them what kind of music you’d be playing.
Be prepared to play your first few shows for free if you don’t have a lot of experience yet.
3-5. Network with people at shows and venues.
The people that put on EDM shows, as well as the people that attend them, will have great connections and ideas for how you can find other DJ opportunities. Talk with the people you meet as at shows to get to know them—you never know when a connection might be useful.
If you’re not performing yet, it’s still super useful to attend EDM concerts to see if you can meet anyone who knows where to find good EDM music or who knows how to use the software well.
Strike up a simple conversation with someone, asking them when they first started getting into EDM music, who their favorite artists are, or if they’ve ever DJed before.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building Your DJ Setup\\n1-1. Find a laptop to use that you can easily transport.\\nMost laptops will be able to run DJ software, so if you already have a nice laptop of your own, you can use that one. It’s best to use one that you can bring with you to venues easily, and the laptop should have a USB port.\\nThough your laptop will likely be plugged in while you’re DJing, it’s a plus if your laptop has a good battery life.\\nDepending on the software, you should try to have 2-8 GB of RAM.\\n1-2. Choose DJ software to get you started.\\nThe DJ software is essential for creating mixes and experimenting as a DJ with the music. Pick out a program that suits your needs, such as Apple Logic Pro, Ableton Live, or Image Line’s FL Studio. The software can get pricey, so do some research and choose which one you’re most comfortable using.\\nChoose a software that works with your specific laptop, such as Windows or Mac.\\nAnother term for this is DAW, or digital audio workstation.\\n1-3. Purchase a quality pair of over-ear headphones.\\nThe headphones should be comfortable and sturdy while being able to isolate the music well. You don’t need to spend a lot of money on them—over-ear closed headphones that can be found at electronic stores or online will work well.\\nThese will help you with cueing, so you’ll be able to hear a song through the headphones and decide when to start playing it through the speakers.\\n1-4. Select EDM MP3 files to create a library of music.\\nThere are lots of websites you can visit that are geared specifically towards DJs and EDM music, giving you thousands of options for MP3 files. Listen to the songs before purchasing them to make sure they’re of good quality and don’t sound grainy.\\nTry to find artists that you love and create a collection of music based on your favorite songs of the genre.\\nWebsites with good music options include Club Killers, Late Night Record Pool, and iTunes.\\nSome websites will also provide free EDM samples.\\n1-5. Pick out monitor speakers so your music can be heard.\\nThe type and size of speakers you need will depend on the venues you’ll be playing at, but if you’re just starting to DJ, don’t invest a ton of money into the speakers. If you have a simple set of 2 speakers around the house that can plug in to your computer, these should work, and a subwoofer will complete your speaker needs.\\nMake sure you have cords that will connect the speakers to your laptop.\\nPurchase DJ monitor speakers if you have the money or when you begin playing at larger venues.\\n2. Honing Your DJ Skills\\n2-1. Learn to use the software by experimenting with songs.\\nThe best way for you to learn everything your DJ software can do is to just play around with it and try out different tools. If you’re a visual learner, it might help to watch online videos of others using the software, and if you learn better through reading, read articles online about the software or purchase a book on the topic.\\nFor example, discover what Logic Pro can do by watching a YouTube video on how to begin using it and then trying out the methods yourself.\\n2-2. Practice transitioning between songs.\\nTo create a smooth transition, it helps to learn to pay attention to the tempo of each song so that you can match them fluidly. As a song ends, choose a song with a similar rhythm to start playing next so you can easily fade them in and out.\\nYour DJ software will help you learn how to do this, but play around with different songs to listen for which ones flow nicely together.\\nLearning to beatmatch will help you transition from one song to another smoothly.\\n2-3. Use EQ\\nEQing, or equalizing, helps boost or reduce certain tones in music so that you create the sound you want. Before EQing, listen to the track and decide if there are any elements in it that you'd like to change, such as exaggerating sounds that you like, cutting out sounds you don't like, or altering a sound so it's slightly different.\\nWhen first starting to use an equalizer, make small changes, such as boosting the sound 3dB, to see how it alters the sound.\\n2-4. Create an entire set to help you get booked.\\nWhen you're creating your set of music, pay close attention to the venue and audience you'll be playing for. Pick out EDM tracks you think the audience will enjoy, and plan out your set according to the type of energy you want to create throughout the show.\\nFor example, you might start with songs that have medium energy, working your way up to high-intensity songs and then slowly coming back down.\\nYour set may need to be an hour to several hours long depending on the event and venue.\\n2-5. Study DJs that inspire you to learn from them.\\nScope out EDM artists whose work you love, or go see a DJ live so that you can watch them in action. Listen carefully to the songs they choose, how they switch smoothly between songs, or how they get the crowd to maintain their excitement throughout an entire show.\\nYou can also watch YouTube videos of EDM DJs that you like, as many of them create videos either showing them at a live show or giving bits of advice for DJing.\\n2-6. Look at online resources for help, if necessary.\\nYouTube is a great source for figuring out how to use DJ software, pick great songs for the crowd, or put together unique mixes. The videos will give you a great visual and you can follow along using your own software and music.\\nThere are also lots of blogs, articles, and forums online that will help you find the answer to any problem you’re having.\\n3. Expanding Your Following\\n3-1. Brand yourself by choosing a unique DJ name.\\nChoosing your DJ name gives you a unique opportunity to craft your DJ identity from scratch, selecting a name that exemplifies your music. You can use your own name, a nickname for yourself, or come up with a completely new name that you think sounds cool. Try to pick a simple, catchy name that people will remember.\\nFor example, Avicii, Skrillex, and Afrojack all chose unique names that sound interesting.\\nMake sure the name you choose is easily pronounceable, and do a quick online search to make sure it’s not already taken.\\n3-2. Make yourself stand out from other DJs.\\nSome DJs have a certain costume that they wear during every show, while others have special lighting or fun props. When the crowd sees these things, they know which DJ is performing and get more excited. Try to pick your own signature outfit, prop, or activity to engage the crowd.\\nFor example, you could choose to give everyone in the crowd glow sticks or have bubble machines creating bubbles the entire time.\\nYou could have a light-up jacket that represents you as a DJ.\\n3-3. Market yourself on social media.\\nCreate events on Facebook and invite people to them to help spread the word that you’re going to have a show. You can also post pictures on Instagram to get people excited about your DJing or tweet what you’re working on for the next show on Twitter. By having a strong social media presence and getting into the EDM community, you’ll attract more fans and will be easier to get in touch with.\\nIf you make unique mixes or sets, you can use Soundcloud to post them for others to listen.\\n3-4. Reach out to venues around town to see if they’ll let you play.\\nEmail, call, or visit local nightclubs in your area to see if they’re interested in having you perform your EDM tracks. You can also reach out to friends to see if they want a DJ at their next party, or you can see when local carnivals or festivals will be happening and contact them about performing too.\\nMake sure you specify that you'll be playing EDM music when booking venues or events.\\nCreating a CD of one of your setlists to give to the nightclub or festival coordinator is a good way to show them what kind of music you’d be playing.\\nBe prepared to play your first few shows for free if you don’t have a lot of experience yet.\\n3-5. Network with people at shows and venues.\\nThe people that put on EDM shows, as well as the people that attend them, will have great connections and ideas for how you can find other DJ opportunities. Talk with the people you meet as at shows to get to know them—you never know when a connection might be useful.\\nIf you’re not performing yet, it’s still super useful to attend EDM concerts to see if you can meet anyone who knows where to find good EDM music or who knows how to use the software well.\\nStrike up a simple conversation with someone, asking them when they first started getting into EDM music, who their favorite artists are, or if they’ve ever DJed before.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"EDM, or electronic dance music, is a popular choice for many DJs. If you're hoping to become an EDM DJ, you'll first want to get the needed equipment, such as a laptop, DJ software, and speakers. Practice using the DJ software and play around with transitioning between songs. When you're ready to start playing for an audience, ask local venues around town if they'd like you to DJ and brainstorm ways to get the crowd excited.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building Your DJ Setup\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a laptop to use that you can easily transport.\", \"描述\": \"Most laptops will be able to run DJ software, so if you already have a nice laptop of your own, you can use that one. It’s best to use one that you can bring with you to venues easily, and the laptop should have a USB port.\\nThough your laptop will likely be plugged in while you’re DJing, it’s a plus if your laptop has a good battery life.\\nDepending on the software, you should try to have 2-8 GB of RAM.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose DJ software to get you started.\", \"描述\": \"The DJ software is essential for creating mixes and experimenting as a DJ with the music. Pick out a program that suits your needs, such as Apple Logic Pro, Ableton Live, or Image Line’s FL Studio. The software can get pricey, so do some research and choose which one you’re most comfortable using.\\nChoose a software that works with your specific laptop, such as Windows or Mac.\\nAnother term for this is DAW, or digital audio workstation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase a quality pair of over-ear headphones.\", \"描述\": \"The headphones should be comfortable and sturdy while being able to isolate the music well. You don’t need to spend a lot of money on them—over-ear closed headphones that can be found at electronic stores or online will work well.\\nThese will help you with cueing, so you’ll be able to hear a song through the headphones and decide when to start playing it through the speakers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select EDM MP3 files to create a library of music.\", \"描述\": \"There are lots of websites you can visit that are geared specifically towards DJs and EDM music, giving you thousands of options for MP3 files. Listen to the songs before purchasing them to make sure they’re of good quality and don’t sound grainy.\\nTry to find artists that you love and create a collection of music based on your favorite songs of the genre.\\nWebsites with good music options include Club Killers, Late Night Record Pool, and iTunes.\\nSome websites will also provide free EDM samples.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pick out monitor speakers so your music can be heard.\", \"描述\": \"The type and size of speakers you need will depend on the venues you’ll be playing at, but if you’re just starting to DJ, don’t invest a ton of money into the speakers. If you have a simple set of 2 speakers around the house that can plug in to your computer, these should work, and a subwoofer will complete your speaker needs.\\nMake sure you have cords that will connect the speakers to your laptop.\\nPurchase DJ monitor speakers if you have the money or when you begin playing at larger venues.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Honing Your DJ Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to use the software by experimenting with songs.\", \"描述\": \"The best way for you to learn everything your DJ software can do is to just play around with it and try out different tools. If you’re a visual learner, it might help to watch online videos of others using the software, and if you learn better through reading, read articles online about the software or purchase a book on the topic.\\nFor example, discover what Logic Pro can do by watching a YouTube video on how to begin using it and then trying out the methods yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice transitioning between songs.\", \"描述\": \"To create a smooth transition, it helps to learn to pay attention to the tempo of each song so that you can match them fluidly. As a song ends, choose a song with a similar rhythm to start playing next so you can easily fade them in and out.\\nYour DJ software will help you learn how to do this, but play around with different songs to listen for which ones flow nicely together.\\nLearning to beatmatch will help you transition from one song to another smoothly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use EQ\", \"描述\": \"EQing, or equalizing, helps boost or reduce certain tones in music so that you create the sound you want. Before EQing, listen to the track and decide if there are any elements in it that you'd like to change, such as exaggerating sounds that you like, cutting out sounds you don't like, or altering a sound so it's slightly different.\\nWhen first starting to use an equalizer, make small changes, such as boosting the sound 3dB, to see how it alters the sound.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create an entire set to help you get booked.\", \"描述\": \"When you're creating your set of music, pay close attention to the venue and audience you'll be playing for. Pick out EDM tracks you think the audience will enjoy, and plan out your set according to the type of energy you want to create throughout the show.\\nFor example, you might start with songs that have medium energy, working your way up to high-intensity songs and then slowly coming back down.\\nYour set may need to be an hour to several hours long depending on the event and venue.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Study DJs that inspire you to learn from them.\", \"描述\": \"Scope out EDM artists whose work you love, or go see a DJ live so that you can watch them in action. Listen carefully to the songs they choose, how they switch smoothly between songs, or how they get the crowd to maintain their excitement throughout an entire show.\\nYou can also watch YouTube videos of EDM DJs that you like, as many of them create videos either showing them at a live show or giving bits of advice for DJing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Look at online resources for help, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"YouTube is a great source for figuring out how to use DJ software, pick great songs for the crowd, or put together unique mixes. The videos will give you a great visual and you can follow along using your own software and music.\\nThere are also lots of blogs, articles, and forums online that will help you find the answer to any problem you’re having.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Expanding Your Following\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brand yourself by choosing a unique DJ name.\", \"描述\": \"Choosing your DJ name gives you a unique opportunity to craft your DJ identity from scratch, selecting a name that exemplifies your music. You can use your own name, a nickname for yourself, or come up with a completely new name that you think sounds cool. Try to pick a simple, catchy name that people will remember.\\nFor example, Avicii, Skrillex, and Afrojack all chose unique names that sound interesting.\\nMake sure the name you choose is easily pronounceable, and do a quick online search to make sure it’s not already taken.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make yourself stand out from other DJs.\", \"描述\": \"Some DJs have a certain costume that they wear during every show, while others have special lighting or fun props. When the crowd sees these things, they know which DJ is performing and get more excited. Try to pick your own signature outfit, prop, or activity to engage the crowd.\\nFor example, you could choose to give everyone in the crowd glow sticks or have bubble machines creating bubbles the entire time.\\nYou could have a light-up jacket that represents you as a DJ.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Market yourself on social media.\", \"描述\": \"Create events on Facebook and invite people to them to help spread the word that you’re going to have a show. You can also post pictures on Instagram to get people excited about your DJing or tweet what you’re working on for the next show on Twitter. By having a strong social media presence and getting into the EDM community, you’ll attract more fans and will be easier to get in touch with.\\nIf you make unique mixes or sets, you can use Soundcloud to post them for others to listen.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reach out to venues around town to see if they’ll let you play.\", \"描述\": \"Email, call, or visit local nightclubs in your area to see if they’re interested in having you perform your EDM tracks. You can also reach out to friends to see if they want a DJ at their next party, or you can see when local carnivals or festivals will be happening and contact them about performing too.\\nMake sure you specify that you'll be playing EDM music when booking venues or events.\\nCreating a CD of one of your setlists to give to the nightclub or festival coordinator is a good way to show them what kind of music you’d be playing.\\nBe prepared to play your first few shows for free if you don’t have a lot of experience yet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Network with people at shows and venues.\", \"描述\": \"The people that put on EDM shows, as well as the people that attend them, will have great connections and ideas for how you can find other DJ opportunities. Talk with the people you meet as at shows to get to know them—you never know when a connection might be useful.\\nIf you’re not performing yet, it’s still super useful to attend EDM concerts to see if you can meet anyone who knows where to find good EDM music or who knows how to use the software well.\\nStrike up a simple conversation with someone, asking them when they first started getting into EDM music, who their favorite artists are, or if they’ve ever DJed before.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,975 |
How to Become an Educational Consultant
|
1. Becoming Qualified
1-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college.
During undergraduate years, you should choose a major in education. Majors such as elementary education, secondary education, or special education are common choices. Some schools may not offer introductory teaching courses, so you can take online courses to get those credits on your transcript.
You need to complete a student-teaching semester in your final year of college as a requirement for hands-on experience. All colleges require this to fulfill graduation requirements in an education major.
In addition to education major requirements, you can interview an educational consultant, volunteer at a social service agency, or work as a counselor for children with disabilities to get insight into their work before you pursue it.
1-2. Take introductory teaching classes in college.
For aspiring teachers starting as undergrads, colleges offer courses to learn the basics of teaching. Some of these classes will have a hands-on aspect where you can teach lessons to fellow students.
If your campus doesn’t offer introductory teaching courses or if your schedule is hectic, you can find teaching classes online.
You can search your campus’s course catalog for teaching classes.
1-3. Participate in extracurricular teaching activities.
Colleges have a lot of volunteer activities to choose from that include tutoring, teaching, or mentoring school-aged children. This is a wonderful way to get teaching experience as an undergraduate while also providing community service.
Some ways to know if an activity focuses on honing your teaching skills is if your role will be referred to as “teaching” or “teaching assistant.”
Working part time at a tutoring agency or as an independent tutor also counts.
Extracurricular teaching activities may ask for commitments of up to 5 hours per week. It depends on the program offering it.
Summer teaching internships usually involve teaching in summer school in a K-12 setting. Working at a summer camp for college credit is also an option.
The activity may require you to make lesson plans just like a professional teacher.
1-4. Take a summer teaching internship to get professional experience.
Teaching internships take place in a K-12 school setting and are one of the best ways to try out teaching and to gain experience. Internships also allow you to make connections with professionals and potential employers.
Internships allow you to apply your education to real world experience while training you in teaching.
Internships are a good opportunity to learn about yourself, and they encourage personal development. They can help you form, achieve, and understand your goals as an aspiring teacher.
1-5. Earn a master’s degree in education or a Ph.D.
to become a teacher. Before you become an educational consultant, you’ll need to establish a career in your school district as an educator. You don’t have to receive a degree from a university in that same district. You can receive an M.A., M.S., and M.Ed. with a specialization in educational assessment or evaluation from any university that offers a teaching program.
As an educational consultant, you’ll work with diverse audiences, so you should have a concentration in positive reinforcement, psycho-educational assessment, evaluation of students with disabilities, applied behavior analysis, intelligence testing, special education, or human development.
2. Getting Licensed as an Educational Consultant
2-1. Earn 30 credit hours in an educational assessment program or school psychology program.
This is a general guideline, so you should call the university where you’re going to get certified to find out their specific requirements. For example, the University of California, Irvine has an independent educational consultant certification program, and a schedule of their classes is listed on the program page. You should do this after you’ve been teaching professionally for at least 3 years.
Two main contacts for their educational consultant program are listed on the side of the webpage. Call them for specific information about certification requirements.
2-2. Get a state teaching license.
Teaching license requirements vary by state, so you need to decide what state you’ll be teaching in. For the most part, all states require a basic skills test for math, reading and writing. You will also need to take a subject area knowledge test, as well as submit to a fingerprint and background check.
When you are ready to submit documentation to your state certifying agency, speak to a staff member of your teaching preparation program for details on how and when to apply for your license.
2-3. Teach professionally for at least 3 years.
This can be in a K-12 environment or with special education students. Being an adjunct professor at a college or university also counts as professional teaching experience. You can also teach at an at-risk school or a private school.
Being an ESL instructor, lecturer, or preschool teacher also amounts to teaching experience.
2-4. Apply for certification through education consultant organizations.
Read the program requirements before applying for certification to make sure you’ve fulfilled all the educational and professional prerequisites for certification.
Universities with education consulting programs include, but are not limited to, the UC Irvine Program, UCLA Program, and the UC Berkeley Program. You can apply to these programs on their websites.
You may acquire educational consultant certification through the American Institute of Certified Educational Planners (AICEP), as well as other organizations.
The application process requires an assessment of the candidate’s expertise, education, training, and professional activities.
Candidates will also take a written assessment to test their ability to understand students’ needs and recommend colleges for students.
2-5. Choose a specialization ahead of time.
Some educational consultants prepare students to make the transition from high school to college, while others help students with the college selection and admissions process. Others specialize in filling out financial aid applications or preparing students for college admissions exams.
Many educational consultants work freelance as independent contractors hired by parents, but some work for firms or are hired by school districts or colleges.
2-6. Attend workshops and professional development classes.
As an educational consultant, you need to be up to date on current learning tools that can be implemented in classrooms and how those tools can be used by teachers to educate students on all levels.
You can learn about these opportunities from organizations such as SOPHIA, Atomic Learning, and Scholastic.
3. Finding a Job
3-1. Apply for an educational consultant job.
Search educational consultant job postings online and read through their descriptions and requirements until you find one that fits your niche as a consultant. If you have experience developing educational programs, improving the use of technology in classrooms, and clerical duties, then you should look for consultant jobs with those requirements.
Job postings list requirements for educational consultants, such as coordinating counseling and testing, improving curricula, improving technology usage in classrooms, keeping career and educational development opportunities up to date, clerical duties, and promoting educational programs.
3-2. Discuss your academic experience when you apply for a job.
When applying and being interviewed by a potential employer, you should tie your experiences as a college student and as a teacher together so that they are relevant to the job you’re applying for. Talk about what relevant teaching you have or extracurricular activities you participated in as a student.
Highlight your most relevant job and educational experience in your resume.
In your cover letter or job interview, talk about how you may have organized an academic conference or lecture series on your campus. Demonstrate that you promoted the event and put it all together. This experience will reflect your organizational skills.
For instance, in a cover letter, you could say “As an educational consultant, one of my greatest strengths is curriculum development and assessment.”
If you worked on a committee or in student government, use that to reflect your ability to deal with multiple tasks and personalities. This also shows off your organizational skills, which are extremely important.
3-3. Emphasize your administrative experience, if applicable.
If you show the employer that you have the skills to delegate tasks to people who can carry them out, you’ll give the impression that you can get a project done.
Examples of administrative work could be work in your department or your experience putting together a dissertation committee.
For example, state that you, “Designed and presented comprehensive workshops for parents, and collaborated with educators to create effective instructional materials.”
3-4. Discuss your teaching experience in a cover letter or interview.
Teaching shows your ability to present complicated matters to diverse audiences. In your cover letter, explain in detail what you have done in your previous positions.
For example, you can write in a cover letter, “I’ve worked as a fifth and third grade teacher, and I’ve worked closely with a diverse group of students, teachers, administrators, parents, and government officials to effectively implement new policies and programs.”
Talk about what you learned early on as a teaching assistant and how that helped you in your career as a teacher or college professor.
In a cover letter, discuss your goals as an educational consultant.
Describe what you’ve been doing up through your present job. Write about your experience implementing new policies or programs in your school district, what you’ve accomplished as an educator, if you have curriculum development experience, and so on.
Tips
Search Google for local and national teaching associations to join, because they can give you professionals leads, help you network and remind you of important conferences and workshops.[29]
X
Research source
Once you’ve been a member of an organization for a while, join their board to show you’re passionate about creating change in your school district.[30]
X
Research source
If you want to become a higher education consultant, understanding the higher education admissions process is critical. Most people get into it by having gone through it themselves or by researching it extensively.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming Qualified\\n1-1. Earn a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college.\\nDuring undergraduate years, you should choose a major in education. Majors such as elementary education, secondary education, or special education are common choices. Some schools may not offer introductory teaching courses, so you can take online courses to get those credits on your transcript.\\nYou need to complete a student-teaching semester in your final year of college as a requirement for hands-on experience. All colleges require this to fulfill graduation requirements in an education major.\\nIn addition to education major requirements, you can interview an educational consultant, volunteer at a social service agency, or work as a counselor for children with disabilities to get insight into their work before you pursue it.\\n1-2. Take introductory teaching classes in college.\\nFor aspiring teachers starting as undergrads, colleges offer courses to learn the basics of teaching. Some of these classes will have a hands-on aspect where you can teach lessons to fellow students.\\nIf your campus doesn’t offer introductory teaching courses or if your schedule is hectic, you can find teaching classes online.\\nYou can search your campus’s course catalog for teaching classes.\\n1-3. Participate in extracurricular teaching activities.\\nColleges have a lot of volunteer activities to choose from that include tutoring, teaching, or mentoring school-aged children. This is a wonderful way to get teaching experience as an undergraduate while also providing community service.\\nSome ways to know if an activity focuses on honing your teaching skills is if your role will be referred to as “teaching” or “teaching assistant.”\\nWorking part time at a tutoring agency or as an independent tutor also counts.\\nExtracurricular teaching activities may ask for commitments of up to 5 hours per week. It depends on the program offering it.\\nSummer teaching internships usually involve teaching in summer school in a K-12 setting. Working at a summer camp for college credit is also an option.\\nThe activity may require you to make lesson plans just like a professional teacher.\\n1-4. Take a summer teaching internship to get professional experience.\\nTeaching internships take place in a K-12 school setting and are one of the best ways to try out teaching and to gain experience. Internships also allow you to make connections with professionals and potential employers.\\nInternships allow you to apply your education to real world experience while training you in teaching.\\nInternships are a good opportunity to learn about yourself, and they encourage personal development. They can help you form, achieve, and understand your goals as an aspiring teacher.\\n1-5. Earn a master’s degree in education or a Ph.D.\\nto become a teacher. Before you become an educational consultant, you’ll need to establish a career in your school district as an educator. You don’t have to receive a degree from a university in that same district. You can receive an M.A., M.S., and M.Ed. with a specialization in educational assessment or evaluation from any university that offers a teaching program.\\nAs an educational consultant, you’ll work with diverse audiences, so you should have a concentration in positive reinforcement, psycho-educational assessment, evaluation of students with disabilities, applied behavior analysis, intelligence testing, special education, or human development.\\n2. Getting Licensed as an Educational Consultant\\n2-1. Earn 30 credit hours in an educational assessment program or school psychology program.\\nThis is a general guideline, so you should call the university where you’re going to get certified to find out their specific requirements. For example, the University of California, Irvine has an independent educational consultant certification program, and a schedule of their classes is listed on the program page. You should do this after you’ve been teaching professionally for at least 3 years.\\nTwo main contacts for their educational consultant program are listed on the side of the webpage. Call them for specific information about certification requirements.\\n2-2. Get a state teaching license.\\nTeaching license requirements vary by state, so you need to decide what state you’ll be teaching in. For the most part, all states require a basic skills test for math, reading and writing. You will also need to take a subject area knowledge test, as well as submit to a fingerprint and background check.\\nWhen you are ready to submit documentation to your state certifying agency, speak to a staff member of your teaching preparation program for details on how and when to apply for your license.\\n2-3. Teach professionally for at least 3 years.\\nThis can be in a K-12 environment or with special education students. Being an adjunct professor at a college or university also counts as professional teaching experience. You can also teach at an at-risk school or a private school.\\nBeing an ESL instructor, lecturer, or preschool teacher also amounts to teaching experience.\\n2-4. Apply for certification through education consultant organizations.\\nRead the program requirements before applying for certification to make sure you’ve fulfilled all the educational and professional prerequisites for certification.\\nUniversities with education consulting programs include, but are not limited to, the UC Irvine Program, UCLA Program, and the UC Berkeley Program. You can apply to these programs on their websites.\\nYou may acquire educational consultant certification through the American Institute of Certified Educational Planners (AICEP), as well as other organizations.\\nThe application process requires an assessment of the candidate’s expertise, education, training, and professional activities.\\nCandidates will also take a written assessment to test their ability to understand students’ needs and recommend colleges for students.\\n2-5. Choose a specialization ahead of time.\\nSome educational consultants prepare students to make the transition from high school to college, while others help students with the college selection and admissions process. Others specialize in filling out financial aid applications or preparing students for college admissions exams.\\nMany educational consultants work freelance as independent contractors hired by parents, but some work for firms or are hired by school districts or colleges.\\n2-6. Attend workshops and professional development classes.\\nAs an educational consultant, you need to be up to date on current learning tools that can be implemented in classrooms and how those tools can be used by teachers to educate students on all levels.\\nYou can learn about these opportunities from organizations such as SOPHIA, Atomic Learning, and Scholastic.\\n3. Finding a Job\\n3-1. Apply for an educational consultant job.\\nSearch educational consultant job postings online and read through their descriptions and requirements until you find one that fits your niche as a consultant. If you have experience developing educational programs, improving the use of technology in classrooms, and clerical duties, then you should look for consultant jobs with those requirements.\\nJob postings list requirements for educational consultants, such as coordinating counseling and testing, improving curricula, improving technology usage in classrooms, keeping career and educational development opportunities up to date, clerical duties, and promoting educational programs.\\n3-2. Discuss your academic experience when you apply for a job.\\nWhen applying and being interviewed by a potential employer, you should tie your experiences as a college student and as a teacher together so that they are relevant to the job you’re applying for. Talk about what relevant teaching you have or extracurricular activities you participated in as a student.\\nHighlight your most relevant job and educational experience in your resume.\\nIn your cover letter or job interview, talk about how you may have organized an academic conference or lecture series on your campus. Demonstrate that you promoted the event and put it all together. This experience will reflect your organizational skills.\\nFor instance, in a cover letter, you could say “As an educational consultant, one of my greatest strengths is curriculum development and assessment.”\\nIf you worked on a committee or in student government, use that to reflect your ability to deal with multiple tasks and personalities. This also shows off your organizational skills, which are extremely important.\\n3-3. Emphasize your administrative experience, if applicable.\\nIf you show the employer that you have the skills to delegate tasks to people who can carry them out, you’ll give the impression that you can get a project done.\\nExamples of administrative work could be work in your department or your experience putting together a dissertation committee.\\nFor example, state that you, “Designed and presented comprehensive workshops for parents, and collaborated with educators to create effective instructional materials.”\\n3-4. Discuss your teaching experience in a cover letter or interview.\\nTeaching shows your ability to present complicated matters to diverse audiences. In your cover letter, explain in detail what you have done in your previous positions.\\nFor example, you can write in a cover letter, “I’ve worked as a fifth and third grade teacher, and I’ve worked closely with a diverse group of students, teachers, administrators, parents, and government officials to effectively implement new policies and programs.”\\nTalk about what you learned early on as a teaching assistant and how that helped you in your career as a teacher or college professor.\\nIn a cover letter, discuss your goals as an educational consultant.\\nDescribe what you’ve been doing up through your present job. Write about your experience implementing new policies or programs in your school district, what you’ve accomplished as an educator, if you have curriculum development experience, and so on.\\nTips\\nSearch Google for local and national teaching associations to join, because they can give you professionals leads, help you network and remind you of important conferences and workshops.[29]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nOnce you’ve been a member of an organization for a while, join their board to show you’re passionate about creating change in your school district.[30]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you want to become a higher education consultant, understanding the higher education admissions process is critical. Most people get into it by having gone through it themselves or by researching it extensively.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As an educational consultant, you’ll design professional development programs, curriculum, and tools for teachers to use in their classrooms. You will need to fulfill education requirements, get certified, and highlight your teaching experience in an interview to land a consulting job. Educational consulting can be rewarding work for those who are passionate about improving education in their school districts.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college.\", \"描述\": \"During undergraduate years, you should choose a major in education. Majors such as elementary education, secondary education, or special education are common choices. Some schools may not offer introductory teaching courses, so you can take online courses to get those credits on your transcript.\\nYou need to complete a student-teaching semester in your final year of college as a requirement for hands-on experience. All colleges require this to fulfill graduation requirements in an education major.\\nIn addition to education major requirements, you can interview an educational consultant, volunteer at a social service agency, or work as a counselor for children with disabilities to get insight into their work before you pursue it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take introductory teaching classes in college.\", \"描述\": \"For aspiring teachers starting as undergrads, colleges offer courses to learn the basics of teaching. Some of these classes will have a hands-on aspect where you can teach lessons to fellow students.\\nIf your campus doesn’t offer introductory teaching courses or if your schedule is hectic, you can find teaching classes online.\\nYou can search your campus’s course catalog for teaching classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in extracurricular teaching activities.\", \"描述\": \"Colleges have a lot of volunteer activities to choose from that include tutoring, teaching, or mentoring school-aged children. This is a wonderful way to get teaching experience as an undergraduate while also providing community service.\\nSome ways to know if an activity focuses on honing your teaching skills is if your role will be referred to as “teaching” or “teaching assistant.”\\nWorking part time at a tutoring agency or as an independent tutor also counts.\\nExtracurricular teaching activities may ask for commitments of up to 5 hours per week. It depends on the program offering it.\\nSummer teaching internships usually involve teaching in summer school in a K-12 setting. Working at a summer camp for college credit is also an option.\\nThe activity may require you to make lesson plans just like a professional teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take a summer teaching internship to get professional experience.\", \"描述\": \"Teaching internships take place in a K-12 school setting and are one of the best ways to try out teaching and to gain experience. Internships also allow you to make connections with professionals and potential employers.\\nInternships allow you to apply your education to real world experience while training you in teaching.\\nInternships are a good opportunity to learn about yourself, and they encourage personal development. They can help you form, achieve, and understand your goals as an aspiring teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Earn a master’s degree in education or a Ph.D.\", \"描述\": \"to become a teacher. Before you become an educational consultant, you’ll need to establish a career in your school district as an educator. You don’t have to receive a degree from a university in that same district. You can receive an M.A., M.S., and M.Ed. with a specialization in educational assessment or evaluation from any university that offers a teaching program.\\nAs an educational consultant, you’ll work with diverse audiences, so you should have a concentration in positive reinforcement, psycho-educational assessment, evaluation of students with disabilities, applied behavior analysis, intelligence testing, special education, or human development.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed as an Educational Consultant\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn 30 credit hours in an educational assessment program or school psychology program.\", \"描述\": \"This is a general guideline, so you should call the university where you’re going to get certified to find out their specific requirements. For example, the University of California, Irvine has an independent educational consultant certification program, and a schedule of their classes is listed on the program page. You should do this after you’ve been teaching professionally for at least 3 years.\\nTwo main contacts for their educational consultant program are listed on the side of the webpage. Call them for specific information about certification requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a state teaching license.\", \"描述\": \"Teaching license requirements vary by state, so you need to decide what state you’ll be teaching in. For the most part, all states require a basic skills test for math, reading and writing. You will also need to take a subject area knowledge test, as well as submit to a fingerprint and background check.\\nWhen you are ready to submit documentation to your state certifying agency, speak to a staff member of your teaching preparation program for details on how and when to apply for your license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach professionally for at least 3 years.\", \"描述\": \"This can be in a K-12 environment or with special education students. Being an adjunct professor at a college or university also counts as professional teaching experience. You can also teach at an at-risk school or a private school.\\nBeing an ESL instructor, lecturer, or preschool teacher also amounts to teaching experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for certification through education consultant organizations.\", \"描述\": \"Read the program requirements before applying for certification to make sure you’ve fulfilled all the educational and professional prerequisites for certification.\\nUniversities with education consulting programs include, but are not limited to, the UC Irvine Program, UCLA Program, and the UC Berkeley Program. You can apply to these programs on their websites.\\nYou may acquire educational consultant certification through the American Institute of Certified Educational Planners (AICEP), as well as other organizations.\\nThe application process requires an assessment of the candidate’s expertise, education, training, and professional activities.\\nCandidates will also take a written assessment to test their ability to understand students’ needs and recommend colleges for students.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Choose a specialization ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"Some educational consultants prepare students to make the transition from high school to college, while others help students with the college selection and admissions process. Others specialize in filling out financial aid applications or preparing students for college admissions exams.\\nMany educational consultants work freelance as independent contractors hired by parents, but some work for firms or are hired by school districts or colleges.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Attend workshops and professional development classes.\", \"描述\": \"As an educational consultant, you need to be up to date on current learning tools that can be implemented in classrooms and how those tools can be used by teachers to educate students on all levels.\\nYou can learn about these opportunities from organizations such as SOPHIA, Atomic Learning, and Scholastic.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for an educational consultant job.\", \"描述\": \"Search educational consultant job postings online and read through their descriptions and requirements until you find one that fits your niche as a consultant. If you have experience developing educational programs, improving the use of technology in classrooms, and clerical duties, then you should look for consultant jobs with those requirements.\\nJob postings list requirements for educational consultants, such as coordinating counseling and testing, improving curricula, improving technology usage in classrooms, keeping career and educational development opportunities up to date, clerical duties, and promoting educational programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Discuss your academic experience when you apply for a job.\", \"描述\": \"When applying and being interviewed by a potential employer, you should tie your experiences as a college student and as a teacher together so that they are relevant to the job you’re applying for. Talk about what relevant teaching you have or extracurricular activities you participated in as a student.\\nHighlight your most relevant job and educational experience in your resume.\\nIn your cover letter or job interview, talk about how you may have organized an academic conference or lecture series on your campus. Demonstrate that you promoted the event and put it all together. This experience will reflect your organizational skills.\\nFor instance, in a cover letter, you could say “As an educational consultant, one of my greatest strengths is curriculum development and assessment.”\\nIf you worked on a committee or in student government, use that to reflect your ability to deal with multiple tasks and personalities. This also shows off your organizational skills, which are extremely important.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Emphasize your administrative experience, if applicable.\", \"描述\": \"If you show the employer that you have the skills to delegate tasks to people who can carry them out, you’ll give the impression that you can get a project done.\\nExamples of administrative work could be work in your department or your experience putting together a dissertation committee.\\nFor example, state that you, “Designed and presented comprehensive workshops for parents, and collaborated with educators to create effective instructional materials.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Discuss your teaching experience in a cover letter or interview.\", \"描述\": \"Teaching shows your ability to present complicated matters to diverse audiences. In your cover letter, explain in detail what you have done in your previous positions.\\nFor example, you can write in a cover letter, “I’ve worked as a fifth and third grade teacher, and I’ve worked closely with a diverse group of students, teachers, administrators, parents, and government officials to effectively implement new policies and programs.”\\nTalk about what you learned early on as a teaching assistant and how that helped you in your career as a teacher or college professor.\\nIn a cover letter, discuss your goals as an educational consultant.\\nDescribe what you’ve been doing up through your present job. Write about your experience implementing new policies or programs in your school district, what you’ve accomplished as an educator, if you have curriculum development experience, and so on.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Search Google for local and national teaching associations to join, because they can give you professionals leads, help you network and remind you of important conferences and workshops.[29]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Once you’ve been a member of an organization for a while, join their board to show you’re passionate about creating change in your school district.[30]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you want to become a higher education consultant, understanding the higher education admissions process is critical. Most people get into it by having gone through it themselves or by researching it extensively.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,976 |
How to Become an Electric Car Mechanic
|
1. What qualifications do I need to become an EV mechanic?
1-1. You need a GED or high school diploma to get started in the field.
So long as you’re 18 and have a diploma, you’re good to go! It helps if you have experience working with vehicles, either as a dealer or a mechanic, but it's not mandatory.
While the batteries and motors are electric in an EV, a lot of the underlying principles are the same when it comes to electronic and traditional vehicles. That’s where the automotive experience helps.
1-2. You need EV training and experience to become a pro mechanic.
You have a lot of options for getting the background and training you need to work in this field. EV mechanics are in high demand, so you may not need to earn a college degree or certification to get started.
2. How do I get the proper training to become an EV mechanic?
2-1. Sign up for an EV training program at a trade school.
There are electronic vehicle training programs at trade schools where you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on EVs. These intensive programs could be anywhere between 2 to 24 weeks long. This route is usually the fastest way to get qualified and find work in the field.
The Universal Technical Institute is a popular trade school that has an electric vehicle technician training program.
Training programs typically cost at least a few hundred dollars; it depends a lot on how long and in-depth they are.
EV manufacturers usually offer their own specialized courses to train mechanics on their vehicles. These programs are often free, but you typically need to be licensed mechanic to take them.
2-2. Earn an associate’s degree in EV technology.
If you want an in-depth education as an EV technician, enroll at a local community college that offers a degree in electronic vehicle technology. These programs take 1-2 years to complete, and you’ll learn everything you need to know to become an EV technician.
If you’re passionate about cars and you want to be qualified to work on anything and everything with 4 wheels, double major in automotive technology and EV technology!
Many colleges offer shorter certification programs for people with engineering degrees or experience working on vehicles.
2-3. Look into internships or apprenticeships to skip the classroom.
If you’re new to the field and you know you want to work as an EV mechanic but you want on-site training, look for an internship/apprenticeship with an EV manufacturer, mechanic, or dealer near you. Read the qualifications on postings carefully to see if you can find something that offers on-site training.
Many internships and apprenticeships are paid positions. There's such a huge need for EV technicians that these companies will bend over backwards to get you into the field.
2-4. Get an entry-level job at a dealership that sells EVs.
Many companies that make gas-powered cars also sell EVs. As the market shifts from gas to electric vehicles, these companies need to train a ton of new technicians. If you can get your foot in the door at a dealership for a company that sells hybrids or EV vehicles, it's likely that you'll eventually be trained to work on EVs.
Audi, BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, GM, Nissan, Hyundai, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz all sell EVs in addition to their traditional ICE vehicles.
3. Do I need an ASE certification to work as an EV mechanic?
It’s not mandatory, but the ASE certification will set you apart.
Once you have at least 2 years of professional experience as a mechanic, you can become ASE certified through the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellent, a nonprofit that issues specialized certifications for vehicle mechanics. Once you pass the A6 (automobile electrical systems) and A8 (engine performance) exams, take the L2, L3, and L4 exams to become certified in EV systems.
These tests are multiple choice and are available year-round. Register for an account and find a testing center near you by visiting ASE’s website.
The L2 exam focuses on electronic diesel engine diagnostics.
The L3 test covers hybrid and EV vehicle technology.
The L4 exam deals with advanced driver assistance systems (i.e. autonomous driving).
4. How do I become a Tesla certified mechanic?
Tesla’s START program will teach you to work on their vehicles.
If you’re 18 and have a high school diploma or GED, you can apply for Tesla’s paid training program. In this 16-week course, you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on Tesla’s vehicles. You will complete a combination of online courses, on-site training, and several exams. If you pass the course, you will be certified to work as a Tesla mechanic immediately!
START program students earn $9.46 an hour while they’re training. Once you graduate and work for Tesla, you’ll start off at roughly $25 an hour.
You will likely need to relocate after you graduate if you want to start working for Tesla right away.
You can find more information and apply for the START program here.
If you are not accepted for the START program, you can apply for the Pathway to START program, which is an 8-week pre-training course that qualifies you for START if you pass.
5. Is it hard to find work as an EV mechanic?
No, this is a growing field that badly needs new technicians.
With climate change and fossil fuel shortages on the horizon, electronic vehicles are the future. As EVs become cheaper and continue to become more popular, there will be a growing need for more technicians and mechanics. Dealers and EV manufacturers know this, so if you reach out and tell them you want to learn how to work on EVs, they’re likely to help you out.
This is why EV internships are often paid and training programs are often cheap (if not free). There is massive demand in this field, and so many mechanics out there know absolutely nothing about EVs.
Tips
EV technicians make roughly $52,000 a year. However, you can make up to 80-90k on the higher end if you earn multiple certifications or you are promoted as a head mechanic.[17]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What qualifications do I need to become an EV mechanic?\\n1-1. You need a GED or high school diploma to get started in the field.\\nSo long as you’re 18 and have a diploma, you’re good to go! It helps if you have experience working with vehicles, either as a dealer or a mechanic, but it's not mandatory.\\nWhile the batteries and motors are electric in an EV, a lot of the underlying principles are the same when it comes to electronic and traditional vehicles. That’s where the automotive experience helps.\\n1-2. You need EV training and experience to become a pro mechanic.\\nYou have a lot of options for getting the background and training you need to work in this field. EV mechanics are in high demand, so you may not need to earn a college degree or certification to get started.\\n2. How do I get the proper training to become an EV mechanic?\\n2-1. Sign up for an EV training program at a trade school.\\nThere are electronic vehicle training programs at trade schools where you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on EVs. These intensive programs could be anywhere between 2 to 24 weeks long. This route is usually the fastest way to get qualified and find work in the field.\\nThe Universal Technical Institute is a popular trade school that has an electric vehicle technician training program.\\nTraining programs typically cost at least a few hundred dollars; it depends a lot on how long and in-depth they are.\\nEV manufacturers usually offer their own specialized courses to train mechanics on their vehicles. These programs are often free, but you typically need to be licensed mechanic to take them.\\n2-2. Earn an associate’s degree in EV technology.\\nIf you want an in-depth education as an EV technician, enroll at a local community college that offers a degree in electronic vehicle technology. These programs take 1-2 years to complete, and you’ll learn everything you need to know to become an EV technician.\\nIf you’re passionate about cars and you want to be qualified to work on anything and everything with 4 wheels, double major in automotive technology and EV technology!\\nMany colleges offer shorter certification programs for people with engineering degrees or experience working on vehicles.\\n2-3. Look into internships or apprenticeships to skip the classroom.\\nIf you’re new to the field and you know you want to work as an EV mechanic but you want on-site training, look for an internship/apprenticeship with an EV manufacturer, mechanic, or dealer near you. Read the qualifications on postings carefully to see if you can find something that offers on-site training.\\nMany internships and apprenticeships are paid positions. There's such a huge need for EV technicians that these companies will bend over backwards to get you into the field.\\n2-4. Get an entry-level job at a dealership that sells EVs.\\nMany companies that make gas-powered cars also sell EVs. As the market shifts from gas to electric vehicles, these companies need to train a ton of new technicians. If you can get your foot in the door at a dealership for a company that sells hybrids or EV vehicles, it's likely that you'll eventually be trained to work on EVs.\\nAudi, BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, GM, Nissan, Hyundai, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz all sell EVs in addition to their traditional ICE vehicles.\\n3. Do I need an ASE certification to work as an EV mechanic?\\nIt’s not mandatory, but the ASE certification will set you apart.\\nOnce you have at least 2 years of professional experience as a mechanic, you can become ASE certified through the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellent, a nonprofit that issues specialized certifications for vehicle mechanics. Once you pass the A6 (automobile electrical systems) and A8 (engine performance) exams, take the L2, L3, and L4 exams to become certified in EV systems.\\nThese tests are multiple choice and are available year-round. Register for an account and find a testing center near you by visiting ASE’s website.\\nThe L2 exam focuses on electronic diesel engine diagnostics.\\nThe L3 test covers hybrid and EV vehicle technology.\\nThe L4 exam deals with advanced driver assistance systems (i.e. autonomous driving).\\n4. How do I become a Tesla certified mechanic?\\nTesla’s START program will teach you to work on their vehicles.\\nIf you’re 18 and have a high school diploma or GED, you can apply for Tesla’s paid training program. In this 16-week course, you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on Tesla’s vehicles. You will complete a combination of online courses, on-site training, and several exams. If you pass the course, you will be certified to work as a Tesla mechanic immediately!\\nSTART program students earn $9.46 an hour while they’re training. Once you graduate and work for Tesla, you’ll start off at roughly $25 an hour.\\nYou will likely need to relocate after you graduate if you want to start working for Tesla right away.\\nYou can find more information and apply for the START program here.\\nIf you are not accepted for the START program, you can apply for the Pathway to START program, which is an 8-week pre-training course that qualifies you for START if you pass.\\n5. Is it hard to find work as an EV mechanic?\\nNo, this is a growing field that badly needs new technicians.\\nWith climate change and fossil fuel shortages on the horizon, electronic vehicles are the future. As EVs become cheaper and continue to become more popular, there will be a growing need for more technicians and mechanics. Dealers and EV manufacturers know this, so if you reach out and tell them you want to learn how to work on EVs, they’re likely to help you out.\\nThis is why EV internships are often paid and training programs are often cheap (if not free). There is massive demand in this field, and so many mechanics out there know absolutely nothing about EVs.\\nTips\\nEV technicians make roughly $52,000 a year. However, you can make up to 80-90k on the higher end if you earn multiple certifications or you are promoted as a head mechanic.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Electronic vehicle (EV) technicians are on the cutting edge of a promising market with a ton of future growth. Regardless of whether you have experience working on vehicles or not, anyone with drive and determination can break into this field as a mechanic. Since traditional mechanics don’t know how to service solid-state batteries and electric engines, you’ll have the upper edge finding highly profitable work if you get the training you need to work on electric vehicles. In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about becoming an EV technician.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What qualifications do I need to become an EV mechanic?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You need a GED or high school diploma to get started in the field.\", \"描述\": \"So long as you’re 18 and have a diploma, you’re good to go! It helps if you have experience working with vehicles, either as a dealer or a mechanic, but it's not mandatory.\\nWhile the batteries and motors are electric in an EV, a lot of the underlying principles are the same when it comes to electronic and traditional vehicles. That’s where the automotive experience helps.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"You need EV training and experience to become a pro mechanic.\", \"描述\": \"You have a lot of options for getting the background and training you need to work in this field. EV mechanics are in high demand, so you may not need to earn a college degree or certification to get started.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"How do I get the proper training to become an EV mechanic?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sign up for an EV training program at a trade school.\", \"描述\": \"There are electronic vehicle training programs at trade schools where you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on EVs. These intensive programs could be anywhere between 2 to 24 weeks long. This route is usually the fastest way to get qualified and find work in the field.\\nThe Universal Technical Institute is a popular trade school that has an electric vehicle technician training program.\\nTraining programs typically cost at least a few hundred dollars; it depends a lot on how long and in-depth they are.\\nEV manufacturers usually offer their own specialized courses to train mechanics on their vehicles. These programs are often free, but you typically need to be licensed mechanic to take them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn an associate’s degree in EV technology.\", \"描述\": \"If you want an in-depth education as an EV technician, enroll at a local community college that offers a degree in electronic vehicle technology. These programs take 1-2 years to complete, and you’ll learn everything you need to know to become an EV technician.\\nIf you’re passionate about cars and you want to be qualified to work on anything and everything with 4 wheels, double major in automotive technology and EV technology!\\nMany colleges offer shorter certification programs for people with engineering degrees or experience working on vehicles.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look into internships or apprenticeships to skip the classroom.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re new to the field and you know you want to work as an EV mechanic but you want on-site training, look for an internship/apprenticeship with an EV manufacturer, mechanic, or dealer near you. Read the qualifications on postings carefully to see if you can find something that offers on-site training.\\nMany internships and apprenticeships are paid positions. There's such a huge need for EV technicians that these companies will bend over backwards to get you into the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an entry-level job at a dealership that sells EVs.\", \"描述\": \"Many companies that make gas-powered cars also sell EVs. As the market shifts from gas to electric vehicles, these companies need to train a ton of new technicians. If you can get your foot in the door at a dealership for a company that sells hybrids or EV vehicles, it's likely that you'll eventually be trained to work on EVs.\\nAudi, BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, GM, Nissan, Hyundai, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz all sell EVs in addition to their traditional ICE vehicles.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do I need an ASE certification to work as an EV mechanic?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s not mandatory, but the ASE certification will set you apart.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have at least 2 years of professional experience as a mechanic, you can become ASE certified through the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellent, a nonprofit that issues specialized certifications for vehicle mechanics. Once you pass the A6 (automobile electrical systems) and A8 (engine performance) exams, take the L2, L3, and L4 exams to become certified in EV systems.\\nThese tests are multiple choice and are available year-round. Register for an account and find a testing center near you by visiting ASE’s website.\\nThe L2 exam focuses on electronic diesel engine diagnostics.\\nThe L3 test covers hybrid and EV vehicle technology.\\nThe L4 exam deals with advanced driver assistance systems (i.e. autonomous driving).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"How do I become a Tesla certified mechanic?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tesla’s START program will teach you to work on their vehicles.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re 18 and have a high school diploma or GED, you can apply for Tesla’s paid training program. In this 16-week course, you’ll learn everything you need to know about working on Tesla’s vehicles. You will complete a combination of online courses, on-site training, and several exams. If you pass the course, you will be certified to work as a Tesla mechanic immediately!\\nSTART program students earn $9.46 an hour while they’re training. Once you graduate and work for Tesla, you’ll start off at roughly $25 an hour.\\nYou will likely need to relocate after you graduate if you want to start working for Tesla right away.\\nYou can find more information and apply for the START program here.\\nIf you are not accepted for the START program, you can apply for the Pathway to START program, which is an 8-week pre-training course that qualifies you for START if you pass.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Is it hard to find work as an EV mechanic?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"No, this is a growing field that badly needs new technicians.\", \"描述\": \"With climate change and fossil fuel shortages on the horizon, electronic vehicles are the future. As EVs become cheaper and continue to become more popular, there will be a growing need for more technicians and mechanics. Dealers and EV manufacturers know this, so if you reach out and tell them you want to learn how to work on EVs, they’re likely to help you out.\\nThis is why EV internships are often paid and training programs are often cheap (if not free). There is massive demand in this field, and so many mechanics out there know absolutely nothing about EVs.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"EV technicians make roughly $52,000 a year. However, you can make up to 80-90k on the higher end if you earn multiple certifications or you are promoted as a head mechanic.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,977 |
How to Become an Electrical Contractor
|
1. Getting Your Education
1-1. Research local colleges.
No college education is necessary to be an electrical contractor, but some post-secondary instruction can help. Trade schools and colleges offer course work in electrical contracting. A bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering will improve your job prospects, but trade schools also offer useful programs that do not require a four-year degree.
Coursework for a certificate will focus on subjects like electrical wiring, circuitry and motor controls, theories of electricity, standards for electrical code as well as mathematics to develop skills and proficiency necessary to work with and calculate electrical frequency and voltage. Higher degrees will also cover business skills.
Colleges often offer programs that allow you to get hands on experience as part of your degree program.
1-2. Decide how long you are willing to be in school.
A contractor can either get a certificate, which takes about a year; an associate degree, which takes about two years; or a Bachelor's degree, which takes about four years. Advanced degrees tend to include more classes on high level business skill, like management and contracts. These can often give you an advantage when applying for jobs with large corporations, but are not required for many jobs.
1-3. Meet with an academic adviser at your selected college.
The academic adviser can give you more information about what the program offers and help you decide whether it is right for you. The adviser might be able to tell you what financial assistance is available. The academic adviser will also guide you in selecting the right courses and get you started toward becoming an electrical contractor.
1-4. Apply to college
Once you have found a program that fits your needs, apply for admission into a training program. Application requirements will vary considerably from a certificate program to a four-year college. For example, a four-year college should require an SAT score, whereas a certificate program will not. Review the institution’s website to find out what is required to apply.
Most colleges offer financial aid assistance. Apply for financial aid, if it is available. FAFSA is a good starting point when looking for financial aid.
2. Training to Be a Contractor
2-1. Start a fitness routine.
Essential skills to successfully become a contractor include having good eye-hand coordination and a sense of balance. Physical fitness and good manual dexterity are important for the position.
You could take up jogging to improve your physical endurance for long days on the job site.
Alternatively, lifting weights will help you when you need to carry a heavy load.
2-2. Consider an apprenticeship program as an alternative to college.
Electricians are not required to hold a college degree, only a high school degree or a GED. You can get the equivalent to a college education working in the field as an apprentice. As an apprentice, you will work alongside experienced electricians and learn all aspects of the industry. Apprenticeships last for approximately 5 years and are paid.
The National Electrical Contractors Association posts a list of apprenticeships to help you find a place to start. Alternatively, you can ask local unions or businesses about opportunities.
Your salary should increase every year during the course of your training program.
You can also get hands-on experience as an electrical contractor in the military. Many employers consider a background in military service equivalent to a college degree. Joining the military, therefore, can be a good way to acquire necessary skills without paying tuition.
During your apprenticeship, make sure that you're put on payroll (rather than given a 1099 form). Hours completed under a 1099 form may not count towards your license.
2-3. Sign up for an OSHA safety training course.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a government program responsible for workplace safety. Because electrical contractors deal with dangerous working conditions, completing an OSHA training course can be a useful credential when seeking employment. Visit OSHA’s website for information about course offerings in your state.
2-4. Get a license.
Most states require that electrical contractors hold a license to work independently. Although requirements vary from state to state, you generally need to take a test to demonstrate competence and pay a relatively small fee. For a comprehensive list of licensing requirements for each state, review the database of the National Electrical Contractors Association.
3. Starting a Career as a Contractor
3-1. Find a job.
The National Electrical Contractors Association has a useful database of contractor jobs. Other job websites sometimes feature postings in electrical contracting. Alternatively, you could call local unions and companies to ask about opportunities.
3-2. Learn on the job.
You should always be trying to learn more on your job. Don’t just learn how to use electrical equipment, study the way that the business is run and how safety protocols are followed. Study the way that your superiors handle customer service. You can learn many of the skills necessary to pass your licensing exam working for a master electrician.You will likely be tested on local and state building codes, electrical theory and National Electrical Code.
3-3. Start your own business.
Owning your own electrical contracting business will allow you earn more money and operate on your own schedule. To run your own business, however, you will need to obtain a license and years of experience in the industry. You will also need to save up money to buy your own tools and hire employees.
3-4. Stay up to date.
Working as an electrical contractor requires ongoing education to familiarize oneself with changes to standard electrical code as well as technical advancements within the industry. You can attend seminars and training courses to keep up-to-date.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Your Education\\n1-1. Research local colleges.\\nNo college education is necessary to be an electrical contractor, but some post-secondary instruction can help. Trade schools and colleges offer course work in electrical contracting. A bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering will improve your job prospects, but trade schools also offer useful programs that do not require a four-year degree.\\nCoursework for a certificate will focus on subjects like electrical wiring, circuitry and motor controls, theories of electricity, standards for electrical code as well as mathematics to develop skills and proficiency necessary to work with and calculate electrical frequency and voltage. Higher degrees will also cover business skills.\\nColleges often offer programs that allow you to get hands on experience as part of your degree program.\\n1-2. Decide how long you are willing to be in school.\\nA contractor can either get a certificate, which takes about a year; an associate degree, which takes about two years; or a Bachelor's degree, which takes about four years. Advanced degrees tend to include more classes on high level business skill, like management and contracts. These can often give you an advantage when applying for jobs with large corporations, but are not required for many jobs.\\n1-3. Meet with an academic adviser at your selected college.\\nThe academic adviser can give you more information about what the program offers and help you decide whether it is right for you. The adviser might be able to tell you what financial assistance is available. The academic adviser will also guide you in selecting the right courses and get you started toward becoming an electrical contractor.\\n1-4. Apply to college\\nOnce you have found a program that fits your needs, apply for admission into a training program. Application requirements will vary considerably from a certificate program to a four-year college. For example, a four-year college should require an SAT score, whereas a certificate program will not. Review the institution’s website to find out what is required to apply.\\nMost colleges offer financial aid assistance. Apply for financial aid, if it is available. FAFSA is a good starting point when looking for financial aid.\\n2. Training to Be a Contractor\\n2-1. Start a fitness routine.\\nEssential skills to successfully become a contractor include having good eye-hand coordination and a sense of balance. Physical fitness and good manual dexterity are important for the position.\\nYou could take up jogging to improve your physical endurance for long days on the job site.\\nAlternatively, lifting weights will help you when you need to carry a heavy load.\\n2-2. Consider an apprenticeship program as an alternative to college.\\nElectricians are not required to hold a college degree, only a high school degree or a GED. You can get the equivalent to a college education working in the field as an apprentice. As an apprentice, you will work alongside experienced electricians and learn all aspects of the industry. Apprenticeships last for approximately 5 years and are paid.\\nThe National Electrical Contractors Association posts a list of apprenticeships to help you find a place to start. Alternatively, you can ask local unions or businesses about opportunities.\\nYour salary should increase every year during the course of your training program.\\nYou can also get hands-on experience as an electrical contractor in the military. Many employers consider a background in military service equivalent to a college degree. Joining the military, therefore, can be a good way to acquire necessary skills without paying tuition.\\nDuring your apprenticeship, make sure that you're put on payroll (rather than given a 1099 form). Hours completed under a 1099 form may not count towards your license.\\n2-3. Sign up for an OSHA safety training course.\\nThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a government program responsible for workplace safety. Because electrical contractors deal with dangerous working conditions, completing an OSHA training course can be a useful credential when seeking employment. Visit OSHA’s website for information about course offerings in your state.\\n2-4. Get a license.\\nMost states require that electrical contractors hold a license to work independently. Although requirements vary from state to state, you generally need to take a test to demonstrate competence and pay a relatively small fee. For a comprehensive list of licensing requirements for each state, review the database of the National Electrical Contractors Association.\\n3. Starting a Career as a Contractor\\n3-1. Find a job.\\nThe National Electrical Contractors Association has a useful database of contractor jobs. Other job websites sometimes feature postings in electrical contracting. Alternatively, you could call local unions and companies to ask about opportunities.\\n3-2. Learn on the job.\\nYou should always be trying to learn more on your job. Don’t just learn how to use electrical equipment, study the way that the business is run and how safety protocols are followed. Study the way that your superiors handle customer service. You can learn many of the skills necessary to pass your licensing exam working for a master electrician.You will likely be tested on local and state building codes, electrical theory and National Electrical Code.\\n3-3. Start your own business.\\nOwning your own electrical contracting business will allow you earn more money and operate on your own schedule. To run your own business, however, you will need to obtain a license and years of experience in the industry. You will also need to save up money to buy your own tools and hire employees.\\n3-4. Stay up to date.\\nWorking as an electrical contractor requires ongoing education to familiarize oneself with changes to standard electrical code as well as technical advancements within the industry. You can attend seminars and training courses to keep up-to-date.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Electrical contractors specialize in working with electrical equipment and wiring systems. They are responsible for installation, maintenance, repair duties, upgrading electrical wiring in older buildings. They also need to possess several business skills, including management, sales, and cost estimating. Electrical contractors can benefit from obtaining a college degree, but can also learn their trade on the job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research local colleges.\", \"描述\": \"No college education is necessary to be an electrical contractor, but some post-secondary instruction can help. Trade schools and colleges offer course work in electrical contracting. A bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering will improve your job prospects, but trade schools also offer useful programs that do not require a four-year degree.\\nCoursework for a certificate will focus on subjects like electrical wiring, circuitry and motor controls, theories of electricity, standards for electrical code as well as mathematics to develop skills and proficiency necessary to work with and calculate electrical frequency and voltage. Higher degrees will also cover business skills.\\nColleges often offer programs that allow you to get hands on experience as part of your degree program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide how long you are willing to be in school.\", \"描述\": \"A contractor can either get a certificate, which takes about a year; an associate degree, which takes about two years; or a Bachelor's degree, which takes about four years. Advanced degrees tend to include more classes on high level business skill, like management and contracts. These can often give you an advantage when applying for jobs with large corporations, but are not required for many jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet with an academic adviser at your selected college.\", \"描述\": \"The academic adviser can give you more information about what the program offers and help you decide whether it is right for you. The adviser might be able to tell you what financial assistance is available. The academic adviser will also guide you in selecting the right courses and get you started toward becoming an electrical contractor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to college\", \"描述\": \"Once you have found a program that fits your needs, apply for admission into a training program. Application requirements will vary considerably from a certificate program to a four-year college. For example, a four-year college should require an SAT score, whereas a certificate program will not. Review the institution’s website to find out what is required to apply.\\nMost colleges offer financial aid assistance. Apply for financial aid, if it is available. FAFSA is a good starting point when looking for financial aid.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training to Be a Contractor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start a fitness routine.\", \"描述\": \"Essential skills to successfully become a contractor include having good eye-hand coordination and a sense of balance. Physical fitness and good manual dexterity are important for the position.\\nYou could take up jogging to improve your physical endurance for long days on the job site.\\nAlternatively, lifting weights will help you when you need to carry a heavy load.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider an apprenticeship program as an alternative to college.\", \"描述\": \"Electricians are not required to hold a college degree, only a high school degree or a GED. You can get the equivalent to a college education working in the field as an apprentice. As an apprentice, you will work alongside experienced electricians and learn all aspects of the industry. Apprenticeships last for approximately 5 years and are paid.\\nThe National Electrical Contractors Association posts a list of apprenticeships to help you find a place to start. Alternatively, you can ask local unions or businesses about opportunities.\\nYour salary should increase every year during the course of your training program.\\nYou can also get hands-on experience as an electrical contractor in the military. Many employers consider a background in military service equivalent to a college degree. Joining the military, therefore, can be a good way to acquire necessary skills without paying tuition.\\nDuring your apprenticeship, make sure that you're put on payroll (rather than given a 1099 form). Hours completed under a 1099 form may not count towards your license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign up for an OSHA safety training course.\", \"描述\": \"The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a government program responsible for workplace safety. Because electrical contractors deal with dangerous working conditions, completing an OSHA training course can be a useful credential when seeking employment. Visit OSHA’s website for information about course offerings in your state.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a license.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require that electrical contractors hold a license to work independently. Although requirements vary from state to state, you generally need to take a test to demonstrate competence and pay a relatively small fee. For a comprehensive list of licensing requirements for each state, review the database of the National Electrical Contractors Association.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting a Career as a Contractor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job.\", \"描述\": \"The National Electrical Contractors Association has a useful database of contractor jobs. Other job websites sometimes feature postings in electrical contracting. Alternatively, you could call local unions and companies to ask about opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn on the job.\", \"描述\": \"You should always be trying to learn more on your job. Don’t just learn how to use electrical equipment, study the way that the business is run and how safety protocols are followed. Study the way that your superiors handle customer service. You can learn many of the skills necessary to pass your licensing exam working for a master electrician.You will likely be tested on local and state building codes, electrical theory and National Electrical Code.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start your own business.\", \"描述\": \"Owning your own electrical contracting business will allow you earn more money and operate on your own schedule. To run your own business, however, you will need to obtain a license and years of experience in the industry. You will also need to save up money to buy your own tools and hire employees.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay up to date.\", \"描述\": \"Working as an electrical contractor requires ongoing education to familiarize oneself with changes to standard electrical code as well as technical advancements within the industry. You can attend seminars and training courses to keep up-to-date.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,978 |
How to Become an Electrical Engineer
|
1. Tailoring Your Education
1-1. Research the field.
Go online and read the field descriptions offered by engineering schools. Buy, or borrow online, a few introductory books on engineering. As you continue your research, start to narrow down your focus to one particular subset of engineering, such as electrical or chemical. Electrical engineers specialize in working with electricity and electronic devices in order to improve human life.
It is always helpful to speak with an actual engineer as well. You can always look up a university’s engineering faculty list online and then reach out to one of the professors via email. You might write, “Hello, I’m currently a student at Xavier High School. I’m very interested in pursuing engineering in college and was hoping that you could provide some advice.”
1-2. Investigate the job outlook.
Go to the U.S. Department of Labor’s website and look at the profile for electrical engineering. You will see statistics regarding job growth potential. The site also shows information on various career options for engineers. The median pay for electrical engineers in 2015 was $95,230.
The job growth profile for electrical engineers in 2015 is holding steady with neither growth nor decrease.
Electrical engineers find jobs at all sorts of companies from Boeing to Nashville Electric. They also work in a number of fields, including manufacturing and consulting.
1-3. Choose your high school coursework carefully.
Enroll in as many advanced math and science classes as possible. Physics courses, in particular, will prove useful to you later on. Do your best in these classes as your final grades will be closely scrutinized by college admissions committees. It may be helpful to take a few art classes to assess if you have a skill for drafting and design.
Either at the high school level, or later on in college, make sure to take at least one general communication or business communication class. This will teach you how to effectively interact with your future clients.
1-4. Join the right school clubs.
Of course, it is a good idea to become involved in any clubs that are of interest to you. However, if you are considering becoming an electrical engineer, it would be particularly helpful to participate in a robotics or technology group. Some of these clubs complete at the local, state, or national levels as well.
If you are invited, you should participate in a club recognizing academic excellence, such as the National Honor Society. This can make your college admission application stand out from the crowd by showing your strong academic potential.
1-5. Enroll in an ABET-accredited engineering college program.
The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is responsible for assessing and choosing those university departments that adhere to the highest standards of the field. Going to an accredited school sets you on the right path to learn the latest technologies and to pass licensing exams later on in your career.
If you are unsure as to whether or not a program is ABET-accredited, look closely at the department's website. Most departments will proudly display their accreditation status and some will even offer additional details, such as the date of the last ABET visit.
1-6. Do well in your engineering courses.
It is not enough to get into a solid engineering program, you must get excellent grades as you move through the coursework. As an electrical engineering student, you will most likely follow a predetermined curriculum (heavy on math and science) with only a few elective courses mixed in. It is important to note that engineering exams require an application of what you've learned and will be more advanced than the assignments. It's critical to study old exams.
Your major field classes will range from introductory surveys to more advanced courses focusing on circuits and other specific topics or projects. It is sometimes necessary to get a particular grade at the survey level before you are allowed to enroll in an advanced class.
1-7. Choose an electrical engineering sub-field.
As you reach your junior and senior years, you should start to seriously consider the particular electrical engineering specialties that appeal to you. Professional electrical engineers can specialize in networking systems, neuroengineering, or many other areas.
It may be helpful to talk with your professors. They can present you with all of your available options and help you to weigh the pros and cons of each. For example, some specialties, such as neuroengineering , are areas of strong job growth.
1-8. Consider pursuing an advanced degree.
As you near your college graduation, you may want to investigate enrolling in a M.S. or Ph.D. program for electrical engineering. Getting an advanced degree can allow you to teach at the university level. It is also a good idea for anyone interested in conducting advanced electrical research.
By some estimates, around 30% of undergraduate electrical engineering students go on to pursue an advanced degree in the field.
2. Establishing Your Career
2-1. Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam.
Either before you graduate from college or immediately thereafter, you will want to take and pass the FE exam offered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). This is a computer-administered test that assesses your general engineering knowledge. Doing well on this exam is the first step toward professional licensing.
The exam is composed of 110 multiple-choice questions. It takes six hours to complete. Your results are usually available for online viewing about a week or so after you take the exam. You can learn more about the testing details by visiting the NCEES website.
It is a good idea to study for this exam for a few months in advance, at least. You can find study guides, practice exams and reference handbooks via the NCEES website and via third party providers.
2-2. Apply for a job or apprenticeship.
After you pass the FE exam, you must spend at least four years working under the supervision of a practicing engineer before you can apply for your own professional license. This period is often called an “apprenticeship” or internship, even if you work at a ‘traditional’ engineering job.
As you consider your employment options you may want to look into the power utilities industry, health monitoring or medical technology, the defense industry, or manufacturing.
Before you apply for a job you will need to craft a detailed resume showcasing your education and work experience. Include all of your relevant professional activities from college onward.
2-3. Keep a daily work diary.
Carry a small notebook with you and jot down the details of each task performed. Or, spend 10 minutes every night at your computer updating a log containing your day’s activities. This log will help you to recount 4+ years’ worth of professional development, which you are required to do as part of most applications for licensing.
For each project, your work log should contain: contact information for any other engineers or professionals involved; a detailed description of the project; the official job title; a list of the tasks that you completed.
2-4. Establish contacts in the field.
As you complete various projects, try to make connections with other engineers. Talk to them about their experiences and work. Discuss research or advances in electrical technologies. You can even get involved with the NCEES as a volunteer, perhaps as a FE exam proctor.
Check the NCEES website under the “New” tab for information on volunteer opportunities. You can also contact them directly via email to check on any upcoming events.
2-5. Keep track of any industry news.
Being informed regarding your field is another important step on the road to becoming a true professional electrical engineer. Go to the website of your state’s licensing board and look for discussions of licensing changes or other news. Read the board’s newsletter, if they publish one, and consider writing an article for submission.
The NCEES also publishes an annual report that can provide you with some insight regarding how that organization operates. And, the newsletter Squared serves as the official statistical record of engineering licensing.
2-6. Keep building your skill set.
Spend some time thinking about your strengths and weaknesses as an engineer. Take on engineering jobs that will help you to continue your professional development. Stay fresh in your math skills by taking practice tests every now and then. Work on your technical writing skills by exchanging drafts with other professionals.
3. Receiving Your Independent License
3-1. Review your state’s licensing requirements.
Licensing is the primary way for you to become a professional electrical engineer. Each state crafts their own particular licensing requirements. Look up the licensing board for your particular state and carefully read through all of the required materials and information.
The NCEES website actually has an interactive map that can send you directly to the site for your state’s licensing board. This is a good place to start.
It is important to know that without licensing your professional opportunities may be limited. For example, Texas and other states will only hire licensed, professional engineers for public works projects.
3-2. Take the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam.
Passing this 8-hour test is the first of many requirements for professionalization. It assesses your theoretical and practical knowledge of the field of electrical engineering. PE exam registration can be limited to only those engineers who have received prior board approval, so check your state’s guidelines.
It is highly suggested that you study for this exam well prior to taking it. You can look at practice exams or discuss potential questions with your fellow engineers. However, the PE exam also allows you to bring in reference materials to use.
Be aware that you will have to pay a fee for both the FE and PE exams. This fee varies depending on your location. And, your PE results will be ready 2-3 months post-test.
3-3. Write up your Supplementary Experience Record (SER).
Many licensing boards will require that you transfer your diary information into a narrative format known as a SER essay. This 6-12 page piece of writing should trace your professional development from college onward.
Pen your essay from a first-person perspective and keep your language engaging by using active verbs, such as, “calculated, or “evaluated.” Place your individual contributions at the center of the narrative.
3-4. Select your professional references.
All licensing applications will require that you submit the contact information for, or a statement from, at least three professionals with whom you’ve worked. It is best if these persons are licensed professional engineers working out of the same state as you. It is quite possible that your references will be called upon to verify information found within your SER.
3-5. Get a local board license.
When you’ve gathered all of the necessary materials go online to the licensing board’s website and fill out your application. Double-check to make sure that everything that is requested has been included and then hit the submit button. You can usually track the progress of your application online.
If you dislike paperwork, you may want to consider the N Records Program offered by the NCEES. This program gathers all of the application information for you (with your data prompts) and completes the submission process as well. Be aware, however, that there is a per-submission fee for this service.
Tips
Most licensing boards throughout the world have evaluation procedures in place for foreign credentials. Contact the board in question for more information.[31]
X
Research source
There is some job flexibility, even with electrical engineering. For example, if you decide to go outside of the technology sector, you can always look into using your B.S. as an entry point into an advanced law degree.
Make sure to double check your homework every time and make sure you study every time before a test and be respectful to the teacher.
Warnings
Be aware that electrical engineers often work as much as the job requires. This means that a 40-hour work week is not always the case.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Tailoring Your Education\\n1-1. Research the field.\\nGo online and read the field descriptions offered by engineering schools. Buy, or borrow online, a few introductory books on engineering. As you continue your research, start to narrow down your focus to one particular subset of engineering, such as electrical or chemical. Electrical engineers specialize in working with electricity and electronic devices in order to improve human life.\\nIt is always helpful to speak with an actual engineer as well. You can always look up a university’s engineering faculty list online and then reach out to one of the professors via email. You might write, “Hello, I’m currently a student at Xavier High School. I’m very interested in pursuing engineering in college and was hoping that you could provide some advice.”\\n1-2. Investigate the job outlook.\\nGo to the U.S. Department of Labor’s website and look at the profile for electrical engineering. You will see statistics regarding job growth potential. The site also shows information on various career options for engineers. The median pay for electrical engineers in 2015 was $95,230.\\nThe job growth profile for electrical engineers in 2015 is holding steady with neither growth nor decrease.\\nElectrical engineers find jobs at all sorts of companies from Boeing to Nashville Electric. They also work in a number of fields, including manufacturing and consulting.\\n1-3. Choose your high school coursework carefully.\\nEnroll in as many advanced math and science classes as possible. Physics courses, in particular, will prove useful to you later on. Do your best in these classes as your final grades will be closely scrutinized by college admissions committees. It may be helpful to take a few art classes to assess if you have a skill for drafting and design.\\nEither at the high school level, or later on in college, make sure to take at least one general communication or business communication class. This will teach you how to effectively interact with your future clients.\\n1-4. Join the right school clubs.\\nOf course, it is a good idea to become involved in any clubs that are of interest to you. However, if you are considering becoming an electrical engineer, it would be particularly helpful to participate in a robotics or technology group. Some of these clubs complete at the local, state, or national levels as well.\\nIf you are invited, you should participate in a club recognizing academic excellence, such as the National Honor Society. This can make your college admission application stand out from the crowd by showing your strong academic potential.\\n1-5. Enroll in an ABET-accredited engineering college program.\\nThe Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is responsible for assessing and choosing those university departments that adhere to the highest standards of the field. Going to an accredited school sets you on the right path to learn the latest technologies and to pass licensing exams later on in your career.\\nIf you are unsure as to whether or not a program is ABET-accredited, look closely at the department's website. Most departments will proudly display their accreditation status and some will even offer additional details, such as the date of the last ABET visit.\\n1-6. Do well in your engineering courses.\\nIt is not enough to get into a solid engineering program, you must get excellent grades as you move through the coursework. As an electrical engineering student, you will most likely follow a predetermined curriculum (heavy on math and science) with only a few elective courses mixed in. It is important to note that engineering exams require an application of what you've learned and will be more advanced than the assignments. It's critical to study old exams.\\nYour major field classes will range from introductory surveys to more advanced courses focusing on circuits and other specific topics or projects. It is sometimes necessary to get a particular grade at the survey level before you are allowed to enroll in an advanced class.\\n1-7. Choose an electrical engineering sub-field.\\nAs you reach your junior and senior years, you should start to seriously consider the particular electrical engineering specialties that appeal to you. Professional electrical engineers can specialize in networking systems, neuroengineering, or many other areas.\\nIt may be helpful to talk with your professors. They can present you with all of your available options and help you to weigh the pros and cons of each. For example, some specialties, such as neuroengineering , are areas of strong job growth.\\n1-8. Consider pursuing an advanced degree.\\nAs you near your college graduation, you may want to investigate enrolling in a M.S. or Ph.D. program for electrical engineering. Getting an advanced degree can allow you to teach at the university level. It is also a good idea for anyone interested in conducting advanced electrical research.\\nBy some estimates, around 30% of undergraduate electrical engineering students go on to pursue an advanced degree in the field.\\n2. Establishing Your Career\\n2-1. Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam.\\nEither before you graduate from college or immediately thereafter, you will want to take and pass the FE exam offered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). This is a computer-administered test that assesses your general engineering knowledge. Doing well on this exam is the first step toward professional licensing.\\nThe exam is composed of 110 multiple-choice questions. It takes six hours to complete. Your results are usually available for online viewing about a week or so after you take the exam. You can learn more about the testing details by visiting the NCEES website.\\nIt is a good idea to study for this exam for a few months in advance, at least. You can find study guides, practice exams and reference handbooks via the NCEES website and via third party providers.\\n2-2. Apply for a job or apprenticeship.\\nAfter you pass the FE exam, you must spend at least four years working under the supervision of a practicing engineer before you can apply for your own professional license. This period is often called an “apprenticeship” or internship, even if you work at a ‘traditional’ engineering job.\\nAs you consider your employment options you may want to look into the power utilities industry, health monitoring or medical technology, the defense industry, or manufacturing.\\nBefore you apply for a job you will need to craft a detailed resume showcasing your education and work experience. Include all of your relevant professional activities from college onward.\\n2-3. Keep a daily work diary.\\nCarry a small notebook with you and jot down the details of each task performed. Or, spend 10 minutes every night at your computer updating a log containing your day’s activities. This log will help you to recount 4+ years’ worth of professional development, which you are required to do as part of most applications for licensing.\\nFor each project, your work log should contain: contact information for any other engineers or professionals involved; a detailed description of the project; the official job title; a list of the tasks that you completed.\\n2-4. Establish contacts in the field.\\nAs you complete various projects, try to make connections with other engineers. Talk to them about their experiences and work. Discuss research or advances in electrical technologies. You can even get involved with the NCEES as a volunteer, perhaps as a FE exam proctor.\\nCheck the NCEES website under the “New” tab for information on volunteer opportunities. You can also contact them directly via email to check on any upcoming events.\\n2-5. Keep track of any industry news.\\nBeing informed regarding your field is another important step on the road to becoming a true professional electrical engineer. Go to the website of your state’s licensing board and look for discussions of licensing changes or other news. Read the board’s newsletter, if they publish one, and consider writing an article for submission.\\nThe NCEES also publishes an annual report that can provide you with some insight regarding how that organization operates. And, the newsletter Squared serves as the official statistical record of engineering licensing.\\n2-6. Keep building your skill set.\\nSpend some time thinking about your strengths and weaknesses as an engineer. Take on engineering jobs that will help you to continue your professional development. Stay fresh in your math skills by taking practice tests every now and then. Work on your technical writing skills by exchanging drafts with other professionals.\\n3. Receiving Your Independent License\\n3-1. Review your state’s licensing requirements.\\nLicensing is the primary way for you to become a professional electrical engineer. Each state crafts their own particular licensing requirements. Look up the licensing board for your particular state and carefully read through all of the required materials and information.\\nThe NCEES website actually has an interactive map that can send you directly to the site for your state’s licensing board. This is a good place to start.\\nIt is important to know that without licensing your professional opportunities may be limited. For example, Texas and other states will only hire licensed, professional engineers for public works projects.\\n3-2. Take the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam.\\nPassing this 8-hour test is the first of many requirements for professionalization. It assesses your theoretical and practical knowledge of the field of electrical engineering. PE exam registration can be limited to only those engineers who have received prior board approval, so check your state’s guidelines.\\nIt is highly suggested that you study for this exam well prior to taking it. You can look at practice exams or discuss potential questions with your fellow engineers. However, the PE exam also allows you to bring in reference materials to use.\\nBe aware that you will have to pay a fee for both the FE and PE exams. This fee varies depending on your location. And, your PE results will be ready 2-3 months post-test.\\n3-3. Write up your Supplementary Experience Record (SER).\\nMany licensing boards will require that you transfer your diary information into a narrative format known as a SER essay. This 6-12 page piece of writing should trace your professional development from college onward.\\nPen your essay from a first-person perspective and keep your language engaging by using active verbs, such as, “calculated, or “evaluated.” Place your individual contributions at the center of the narrative.\\n3-4. Select your professional references.\\nAll licensing applications will require that you submit the contact information for, or a statement from, at least three professionals with whom you’ve worked. It is best if these persons are licensed professional engineers working out of the same state as you. It is quite possible that your references will be called upon to verify information found within your SER.\\n3-5. Get a local board license.\\nWhen you’ve gathered all of the necessary materials go online to the licensing board’s website and fill out your application. Double-check to make sure that everything that is requested has been included and then hit the submit button. You can usually track the progress of your application online.\\nIf you dislike paperwork, you may want to consider the N Records Program offered by the NCEES. This program gathers all of the application information for you (with your data prompts) and completes the submission process as well. Be aware, however, that there is a per-submission fee for this service.\\nTips\\nMost licensing boards throughout the world have evaluation procedures in place for foreign credentials. Contact the board in question for more information.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThere is some job flexibility, even with electrical engineering. For example, if you decide to go outside of the technology sector, you can always look into using your B.S. as an entry point into an advanced law degree.\\nMake sure to double check your homework every time and make sure you study every time before a test and be respectful to the teacher.\\nWarnings\\nBe aware that electrical engineers often work as much as the job requires. This means that a 40-hour work week is not always the case.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you love technology and are fascinated by electricity and power, then working as an electrical engineer may be ideal for you. Electrical engineers improve the lives of others via technology. To become an electrical engineer you will want to work on developing your math and science skills from high school onward. Enrolling and graduating from an ABET-accredited engineering program is another important step. You will also want to pursue professional licensing after getting a few years of work experience in hand.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tailoring Your Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the field.\", \"描述\": \"Go online and read the field descriptions offered by engineering schools. Buy, or borrow online, a few introductory books on engineering. As you continue your research, start to narrow down your focus to one particular subset of engineering, such as electrical or chemical. Electrical engineers specialize in working with electricity and electronic devices in order to improve human life.\\nIt is always helpful to speak with an actual engineer as well. You can always look up a university’s engineering faculty list online and then reach out to one of the professors via email. You might write, “Hello, I’m currently a student at Xavier High School. I’m very interested in pursuing engineering in college and was hoping that you could provide some advice.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Investigate the job outlook.\", \"描述\": \"Go to the U.S. Department of Labor’s website and look at the profile for electrical engineering. You will see statistics regarding job growth potential. The site also shows information on various career options for engineers. The median pay for electrical engineers in 2015 was $95,230.\\nThe job growth profile for electrical engineers in 2015 is holding steady with neither growth nor decrease.\\nElectrical engineers find jobs at all sorts of companies from Boeing to Nashville Electric. They also work in a number of fields, including manufacturing and consulting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose your high school coursework carefully.\", \"描述\": \"Enroll in as many advanced math and science classes as possible. Physics courses, in particular, will prove useful to you later on. Do your best in these classes as your final grades will be closely scrutinized by college admissions committees. It may be helpful to take a few art classes to assess if you have a skill for drafting and design.\\nEither at the high school level, or later on in college, make sure to take at least one general communication or business communication class. This will teach you how to effectively interact with your future clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join the right school clubs.\", \"描述\": \"Of course, it is a good idea to become involved in any clubs that are of interest to you. However, if you are considering becoming an electrical engineer, it would be particularly helpful to participate in a robotics or technology group. Some of these clubs complete at the local, state, or national levels as well.\\nIf you are invited, you should participate in a club recognizing academic excellence, such as the National Honor Society. This can make your college admission application stand out from the crowd by showing your strong academic potential.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an ABET-accredited engineering college program.\", \"描述\": \"The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is responsible for assessing and choosing those university departments that adhere to the highest standards of the field. Going to an accredited school sets you on the right path to learn the latest technologies and to pass licensing exams later on in your career.\\nIf you are unsure as to whether or not a program is ABET-accredited, look closely at the department's website. Most departments will proudly display their accreditation status and some will even offer additional details, such as the date of the last ABET visit.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do well in your engineering courses.\", \"描述\": \"It is not enough to get into a solid engineering program, you must get excellent grades as you move through the coursework. As an electrical engineering student, you will most likely follow a predetermined curriculum (heavy on math and science) with only a few elective courses mixed in. It is important to note that engineering exams require an application of what you've learned and will be more advanced than the assignments. It's critical to study old exams.\\nYour major field classes will range from introductory surveys to more advanced courses focusing on circuits and other specific topics or projects. It is sometimes necessary to get a particular grade at the survey level before you are allowed to enroll in an advanced class.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Choose an electrical engineering sub-field.\", \"描述\": \"As you reach your junior and senior years, you should start to seriously consider the particular electrical engineering specialties that appeal to you. Professional electrical engineers can specialize in networking systems, neuroengineering, or many other areas.\\nIt may be helpful to talk with your professors. They can present you with all of your available options and help you to weigh the pros and cons of each. For example, some specialties, such as neuroengineering , are areas of strong job growth.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Consider pursuing an advanced degree.\", \"描述\": \"As you near your college graduation, you may want to investigate enrolling in a M.S. or Ph.D. program for electrical engineering. Getting an advanced degree can allow you to teach at the university level. It is also a good idea for anyone interested in conducting advanced electrical research.\\nBy some estimates, around 30% of undergraduate electrical engineering students go on to pursue an advanced degree in the field.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establishing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam.\", \"描述\": \"Either before you graduate from college or immediately thereafter, you will want to take and pass the FE exam offered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). This is a computer-administered test that assesses your general engineering knowledge. Doing well on this exam is the first step toward professional licensing.\\nThe exam is composed of 110 multiple-choice questions. It takes six hours to complete. Your results are usually available for online viewing about a week or so after you take the exam. You can learn more about the testing details by visiting the NCEES website.\\nIt is a good idea to study for this exam for a few months in advance, at least. You can find study guides, practice exams and reference handbooks via the NCEES website and via third party providers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a job or apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"After you pass the FE exam, you must spend at least four years working under the supervision of a practicing engineer before you can apply for your own professional license. This period is often called an “apprenticeship” or internship, even if you work at a ‘traditional’ engineering job.\\nAs you consider your employment options you may want to look into the power utilities industry, health monitoring or medical technology, the defense industry, or manufacturing.\\nBefore you apply for a job you will need to craft a detailed resume showcasing your education and work experience. Include all of your relevant professional activities from college onward.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep a daily work diary.\", \"描述\": \"Carry a small notebook with you and jot down the details of each task performed. Or, spend 10 minutes every night at your computer updating a log containing your day’s activities. This log will help you to recount 4+ years’ worth of professional development, which you are required to do as part of most applications for licensing.\\nFor each project, your work log should contain: contact information for any other engineers or professionals involved; a detailed description of the project; the official job title; a list of the tasks that you completed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Establish contacts in the field.\", \"描述\": \"As you complete various projects, try to make connections with other engineers. Talk to them about their experiences and work. Discuss research or advances in electrical technologies. You can even get involved with the NCEES as a volunteer, perhaps as a FE exam proctor.\\nCheck the NCEES website under the “New” tab for information on volunteer opportunities. You can also contact them directly via email to check on any upcoming events.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep track of any industry news.\", \"描述\": \"Being informed regarding your field is another important step on the road to becoming a true professional electrical engineer. Go to the website of your state’s licensing board and look for discussions of licensing changes or other news. Read the board’s newsletter, if they publish one, and consider writing an article for submission.\\nThe NCEES also publishes an annual report that can provide you with some insight regarding how that organization operates. And, the newsletter Squared serves as the official statistical record of engineering licensing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep building your skill set.\", \"描述\": \"Spend some time thinking about your strengths and weaknesses as an engineer. Take on engineering jobs that will help you to continue your professional development. Stay fresh in your math skills by taking practice tests every now and then. Work on your technical writing skills by exchanging drafts with other professionals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Receiving Your Independent License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Review your state’s licensing requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Licensing is the primary way for you to become a professional electrical engineer. Each state crafts their own particular licensing requirements. Look up the licensing board for your particular state and carefully read through all of the required materials and information.\\nThe NCEES website actually has an interactive map that can send you directly to the site for your state’s licensing board. This is a good place to start.\\nIt is important to know that without licensing your professional opportunities may be limited. For example, Texas and other states will only hire licensed, professional engineers for public works projects.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam.\", \"描述\": \"Passing this 8-hour test is the first of many requirements for professionalization. It assesses your theoretical and practical knowledge of the field of electrical engineering. PE exam registration can be limited to only those engineers who have received prior board approval, so check your state’s guidelines.\\nIt is highly suggested that you study for this exam well prior to taking it. You can look at practice exams or discuss potential questions with your fellow engineers. However, the PE exam also allows you to bring in reference materials to use.\\nBe aware that you will have to pay a fee for both the FE and PE exams. This fee varies depending on your location. And, your PE results will be ready 2-3 months post-test.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write up your Supplementary Experience Record (SER).\", \"描述\": \"Many licensing boards will require that you transfer your diary information into a narrative format known as a SER essay. This 6-12 page piece of writing should trace your professional development from college onward.\\nPen your essay from a first-person perspective and keep your language engaging by using active verbs, such as, “calculated, or “evaluated.” Place your individual contributions at the center of the narrative.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select your professional references.\", \"描述\": \"All licensing applications will require that you submit the contact information for, or a statement from, at least three professionals with whom you’ve worked. It is best if these persons are licensed professional engineers working out of the same state as you. It is quite possible that your references will be called upon to verify information found within your SER.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a local board license.\", \"描述\": \"When you’ve gathered all of the necessary materials go online to the licensing board’s website and fill out your application. Double-check to make sure that everything that is requested has been included and then hit the submit button. You can usually track the progress of your application online.\\nIf you dislike paperwork, you may want to consider the N Records Program offered by the NCEES. This program gathers all of the application information for you (with your data prompts) and completes the submission process as well. Be aware, however, that there is a per-submission fee for this service.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Most licensing boards throughout the world have evaluation procedures in place for foreign credentials. Contact the board in question for more information.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"There is some job flexibility, even with electrical engineering. For example, if you decide to go outside of the technology sector, you can always look into using your B.S. as an entry point into an advanced law degree.\\n\", \"Make sure to double check your homework every time and make sure you study every time before a test and be respectful to the teacher.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be aware that electrical engineers often work as much as the job requires. This means that a 40-hour work week is not always the case.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,979 |
How to Become an Electrician in Texas
|
1. Getting Your Apprentice License
1-1. Pull up the apprentice application online to apply through the TDLR.
The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR) manages all trade licensing in Texas. Go to the TDLR’s website and select “Apply/Renew” from the menu at the top. Then, select “Electricians” and “Apprentice Electrician Application” to start.
You can start this application online at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/App_Online/?program=ELC.
You can also print and mail this application along with a $20 check to Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, P.O. Box 12157, Austin, Texas 78711.
1-2. Fill out your personal information and pay $20 to submit your application.
Enter your social security number and birthdate to start the application. Then, enter all of your personal information. This includes your address, phone number, and email address. Then, click a “yes/no” option to indicate if you have a criminal record and click “continue.” Enter a credit card or debit card number to pay the $20 fee and select “submit” to finish your application.
If you don’t have a social security number, you cannot currently apply to become a licensed electrician in Texas.
If you click “yes” under the question about your criminal record, don’t worry. You just need to complete an additional form explaining the conviction and submit it alongside your application. The link for this form is on the application page you’re filling out.
1-3. Wait a maximum of 30 days for the results to come back in.
You will receive an email or notice in the mail within 30 days letting you know if you’ve been approved for an apprenticeship license. The state of Texas will email you your credentials and mail you a copy of your license.
Unless you entered something incorrectly on your application or you have a criminal history with a violent crime on it, you’ll be approved.
If you have experience as an electrician, your next best step is to skip trade school and apply for apprentice positions.
If you do not have experience as an electrician, you’ll likely need some classroom experience before you can start working as an electrician. Your next best bet is likely to go to trade school.
You can apply for the apprentice license after you get into trade school if you prefer, but you’ll need it to do any hands-on work and start working as an apprentice electrician. There are no requirements for the apprentice license other than being 16 years old and a citizen of Texas, so there’s no real reason to wait.
2. Going to Trade School
2-1. Opt for trade school if you want an educational background in the field.
If you don’t have any experience as an electrician, it will be extremely difficult to find an apprentice position. Instead, consider applying for a trade school with a licensed electrician program. Most of these trade schools will place you in an apprenticeship position once you’ve completed your coursework.
2-2. Fill out an application for a licensed trade school near you.
There are dozens of trade schools in Texas that are licensed to teach apprentice electricians. Find one near you and look at the tuition fees to ensure that you can afford the program. Once you find a licensed trade school that appeals to you, fill out an application and wait to hear back regarding the start of classes.
Some of these programs host classes at night if you’re currently working a day job or you don’t have a ton of time during the day. Others host some online classes if you have a variety of responsibilities at home. Just like regular colleges, each trade school is different so weigh your options before applying.
You can find a list of approved electrician programs at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/AMPS/ShowApprenticePrograms.aspx.
2-3. Attend your classes and complete the coursework for 1,000-2,000 hours.
In electrician school, you will learn how to wire systems, solder wires, ground systems, and install control panels. Classes will cover everything you need to know about working as an electrician, from calculating voltages to completing government-required paperwork. Continue attending classes and completing the coursework for at least 6 months.
Electrician school has homework, quizzes, and tests, just like any other academic program. Do not skip out on your studies to ensure that you graduate on time.
2-4. Transition into an apprentice position to finish your coursework.
Depending on your specific program, you will be placed in an apprentice position after 1,000-2,000 hours in the classroom. Once you complete the final classroom course, work with your counselor or educator to find a placement that works for you.
Most of these apprentice positions will pay you, although it usually isn’t more than minimum wage.
3. Finding an Apprenticeship
3-1. Apply for apprenticeship positions to learn the skills on the job.
Go online and pull up a job-hunting website. Enter “apprentice electrician” into the search bar and include your zip code. Scroll through the available positions and apply to any positions that seem interesting to you. The job duties from position to position will be basically identical, so focus instead on applying to paying positions with benefits that seem interesting to you.
If you went to trade school, most of the time you will be placed into an apprentice position by your trade school. If they don’t place you, you’ll need to apply to a position yourself.
Don’t worry if your resume looks a little light. Most electricians hiring apprentices will care more about the interview than your work history.
3-2. Interview for potential positions and accept an offer to start working.
When you’re called in for an interview, put a suit or business-appropriate outfit on. Show up 15 minutes before your interview and bring a copy of your resume with you. Answer questions in your interview and ask potential employers about what it’s like working for them. Once you’re offered a position, take it to begin working as an apprentice electrician.
The interviewer may ask you about how you would wire a potential set up, handle an upset client, or fix a mistake made by a previous electrician. Just do your best and be honest about your experience.
3-3. Get 4,000 hours of experience as an apprentice electrician.
Once hired, you will be assigned a master electrician to work under. Show up to work on time and wait for them to tell you where you’re going, what they need you to do, and how you can help them as they work. In most cases, you’ll start out doing very minor wiring work. Continue working as an apprentice until you get at least 2 years of experience, or 4,000 hours.
In the field, feel free to ask questions about what the master electrician is doing or why they’re completing a job in a particular way. The entire goal of an apprentice position is for apprentices to learn from experienced electricians, so ask away!
4. Taking the Electrician License Exam
4-1. Go online to register for the Electrician License Exam through PSI.
The TDLR runs all of their testing through a company called PSI. Once you’ve completed your 4,000 hours of experience, go online to PSI’s website to enroll for the state of Texas’s Electrician License Exam.
Your trade school or employer is tasked with tracking your hours as part of the licensing certification with the state of Texas. They’ll let you know when you’re close to 4,000 hours.
To start this process, go to https://www.psionline.com/.
4-2. Create an account using the records from your apprentice license.
Create an account on PSI’s website and enter your personal information and email to sign up. On the homepage of the PSI website, select “Schedule a Test” and type in your trade school or apprentice company. Your sponsor’s name will pop up from the drop-down menu. Click their name and select the “locate existing records” button to automatically enter all of your personal information.
4-3. Select your test and pick a test center and date to complete the exam.
On the next page, select “Journeyman” or “Wireman” depending on which exam you’re sitting for. A list of testing centers and dates will pop up on your screen. Select a date and testing center that works for you and pay $78 to sign up for your exam.
The journeyman exam is exponentially more popular than the wireman test. Approved journeymen can work on a variety of electronic systems while wiremen are limited to working on residential constructions.
The exam takes 4 hours to complete, so make sure you set some time aside on your schedule!
4-4. Show up with your photo ID and registration form 30 minutes before the test.
On the day of your exam, show up 30 minutes before your test and check in at the front desk. Show the clerk your driver’s license, state ID, or passport and hand over your registration receipt. They will collect your phone and any other electronics and show you where to wait for your exam.
4-5. Sit for 4 hours and complete the exam to the best of your ability.
The test will cover electrical systems, definitions, calculations, motors, wiring, and other essential information. It is multiple choice, so do your best to rule out bad options and answer questions correctly. Once 4 hours have passed or as soon as you finish the exam, let the test proctor know you’re done and collect your things before leaving.
You must score a minimum of 70% on the journeyman exam and an 80% on the wireman exam to pass the test.
4-6. Wait 30 days at most for your results to come in.
Within 30 days, you will receive an email or letter with your results. If you passed the exam, it will include a copy of your certification to begin working as a certified journeyman electrician.
If you didn’t pass, you can re-enroll to take the exam again. Many people do not pass the first time they complete the test, so don’t get discouraged.
4-7. Find a position as a licensed electrician to start working.
Once you have your journeyman or wireman license, you can apply for any positions looking for standard electricians. Update your resume to include your new license and begin applying for positions. Start with the company that hired you on as an apprentice, since they’ll be familiar with your work ethic and dependability. If they aren’t hiring, reach out to companies in your area and interview to find a permanent position.
You can now begin working towards your master electrician license. You must acquire 12,000 of on-site experience before you can sit for the master’s exam.
Renew your license every year with the TDLR to keep your license active.
Tips
Don’t get disheartened if you don’t pass the licensing exam the first time. It’s a pretty tough test and many accomplished electricians have to take the exam multiple times before they’re accepted.
2,000 hours is the equivalent of 1 year of work.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Your Apprentice License\\n1-1. Pull up the apprentice application online to apply through the TDLR.\\nThe Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR) manages all trade licensing in Texas. Go to the TDLR’s website and select “Apply/Renew” from the menu at the top. Then, select “Electricians” and “Apprentice Electrician Application” to start.\\nYou can start this application online at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/App_Online/?program=ELC.\\nYou can also print and mail this application along with a $20 check to Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, P.O. Box 12157, Austin, Texas 78711.\\n1-2. Fill out your personal information and pay $20 to submit your application.\\nEnter your social security number and birthdate to start the application. Then, enter all of your personal information. This includes your address, phone number, and email address. Then, click a “yes/no” option to indicate if you have a criminal record and click “continue.” Enter a credit card or debit card number to pay the $20 fee and select “submit” to finish your application. \\nIf you don’t have a social security number, you cannot currently apply to become a licensed electrician in Texas.\\nIf you click “yes” under the question about your criminal record, don’t worry. You just need to complete an additional form explaining the conviction and submit it alongside your application. The link for this form is on the application page you’re filling out.\\n1-3. Wait a maximum of 30 days for the results to come back in.\\nYou will receive an email or notice in the mail within 30 days letting you know if you’ve been approved for an apprenticeship license. The state of Texas will email you your credentials and mail you a copy of your license.\\nUnless you entered something incorrectly on your application or you have a criminal history with a violent crime on it, you’ll be approved.\\nIf you have experience as an electrician, your next best step is to skip trade school and apply for apprentice positions.\\nIf you do not have experience as an electrician, you’ll likely need some classroom experience before you can start working as an electrician. Your next best bet is likely to go to trade school.\\nYou can apply for the apprentice license after you get into trade school if you prefer, but you’ll need it to do any hands-on work and start working as an apprentice electrician. There are no requirements for the apprentice license other than being 16 years old and a citizen of Texas, so there’s no real reason to wait.\\n2. Going to Trade School\\n2-1. Opt for trade school if you want an educational background in the field.\\nIf you don’t have any experience as an electrician, it will be extremely difficult to find an apprentice position. Instead, consider applying for a trade school with a licensed electrician program. Most of these trade schools will place you in an apprenticeship position once you’ve completed your coursework.\\n2-2. Fill out an application for a licensed trade school near you.\\nThere are dozens of trade schools in Texas that are licensed to teach apprentice electricians. Find one near you and look at the tuition fees to ensure that you can afford the program. Once you find a licensed trade school that appeals to you, fill out an application and wait to hear back regarding the start of classes.\\nSome of these programs host classes at night if you’re currently working a day job or you don’t have a ton of time during the day. Others host some online classes if you have a variety of responsibilities at home. Just like regular colleges, each trade school is different so weigh your options before applying.\\nYou can find a list of approved electrician programs at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/AMPS/ShowApprenticePrograms.aspx.\\n2-3. Attend your classes and complete the coursework for 1,000-2,000 hours.\\nIn electrician school, you will learn how to wire systems, solder wires, ground systems, and install control panels. Classes will cover everything you need to know about working as an electrician, from calculating voltages to completing government-required paperwork. Continue attending classes and completing the coursework for at least 6 months.\\nElectrician school has homework, quizzes, and tests, just like any other academic program. Do not skip out on your studies to ensure that you graduate on time.\\n2-4. Transition into an apprentice position to finish your coursework.\\nDepending on your specific program, you will be placed in an apprentice position after 1,000-2,000 hours in the classroom. Once you complete the final classroom course, work with your counselor or educator to find a placement that works for you.\\nMost of these apprentice positions will pay you, although it usually isn’t more than minimum wage.\\n3. Finding an Apprenticeship\\n3-1. Apply for apprenticeship positions to learn the skills on the job.\\nGo online and pull up a job-hunting website. Enter “apprentice electrician” into the search bar and include your zip code. Scroll through the available positions and apply to any positions that seem interesting to you. The job duties from position to position will be basically identical, so focus instead on applying to paying positions with benefits that seem interesting to you.\\nIf you went to trade school, most of the time you will be placed into an apprentice position by your trade school. If they don’t place you, you’ll need to apply to a position yourself.\\nDon’t worry if your resume looks a little light. Most electricians hiring apprentices will care more about the interview than your work history.\\n3-2. Interview for potential positions and accept an offer to start working.\\nWhen you’re called in for an interview, put a suit or business-appropriate outfit on. Show up 15 minutes before your interview and bring a copy of your resume with you. Answer questions in your interview and ask potential employers about what it’s like working for them. Once you’re offered a position, take it to begin working as an apprentice electrician.\\nThe interviewer may ask you about how you would wire a potential set up, handle an upset client, or fix a mistake made by a previous electrician. Just do your best and be honest about your experience.\\n3-3. Get 4,000 hours of experience as an apprentice electrician.\\nOnce hired, you will be assigned a master electrician to work under. Show up to work on time and wait for them to tell you where you’re going, what they need you to do, and how you can help them as they work. In most cases, you’ll start out doing very minor wiring work. Continue working as an apprentice until you get at least 2 years of experience, or 4,000 hours.\\nIn the field, feel free to ask questions about what the master electrician is doing or why they’re completing a job in a particular way. The entire goal of an apprentice position is for apprentices to learn from experienced electricians, so ask away!\\n4. Taking the Electrician License Exam\\n4-1. Go online to register for the Electrician License Exam through PSI.\\nThe TDLR runs all of their testing through a company called PSI. Once you’ve completed your 4,000 hours of experience, go online to PSI’s website to enroll for the state of Texas’s Electrician License Exam.\\nYour trade school or employer is tasked with tracking your hours as part of the licensing certification with the state of Texas. They’ll let you know when you’re close to 4,000 hours.\\nTo start this process, go to https://www.psionline.com/.\\n4-2. Create an account using the records from your apprentice license.\\nCreate an account on PSI’s website and enter your personal information and email to sign up. On the homepage of the PSI website, select “Schedule a Test” and type in your trade school or apprentice company. Your sponsor’s name will pop up from the drop-down menu. Click their name and select the “locate existing records” button to automatically enter all of your personal information.\\n4-3. Select your test and pick a test center and date to complete the exam.\\nOn the next page, select “Journeyman” or “Wireman” depending on which exam you’re sitting for. A list of testing centers and dates will pop up on your screen. Select a date and testing center that works for you and pay $78 to sign up for your exam.\\nThe journeyman exam is exponentially more popular than the wireman test. Approved journeymen can work on a variety of electronic systems while wiremen are limited to working on residential constructions.\\nThe exam takes 4 hours to complete, so make sure you set some time aside on your schedule!\\n4-4. Show up with your photo ID and registration form 30 minutes before the test.\\nOn the day of your exam, show up 30 minutes before your test and check in at the front desk. Show the clerk your driver’s license, state ID, or passport and hand over your registration receipt. They will collect your phone and any other electronics and show you where to wait for your exam.\\n4-5. Sit for 4 hours and complete the exam to the best of your ability.\\nThe test will cover electrical systems, definitions, calculations, motors, wiring, and other essential information. It is multiple choice, so do your best to rule out bad options and answer questions correctly. Once 4 hours have passed or as soon as you finish the exam, let the test proctor know you’re done and collect your things before leaving.\\nYou must score a minimum of 70% on the journeyman exam and an 80% on the wireman exam to pass the test.\\n4-6. Wait 30 days at most for your results to come in.\\nWithin 30 days, you will receive an email or letter with your results. If you passed the exam, it will include a copy of your certification to begin working as a certified journeyman electrician.\\nIf you didn’t pass, you can re-enroll to take the exam again. Many people do not pass the first time they complete the test, so don’t get discouraged.\\n4-7. Find a position as a licensed electrician to start working.\\nOnce you have your journeyman or wireman license, you can apply for any positions looking for standard electricians. Update your resume to include your new license and begin applying for positions. Start with the company that hired you on as an apprentice, since they’ll be familiar with your work ethic and dependability. If they aren’t hiring, reach out to companies in your area and interview to find a permanent position.\\nYou can now begin working towards your master electrician license. You must acquire 12,000 of on-site experience before you can sit for the master’s exam.\\nRenew your license every year with the TDLR to keep your license active.\\nTips\\nDon’t get disheartened if you don’t pass the licensing exam the first time. It’s a pretty tough test and many accomplished electricians have to take the exam multiple times before they’re accepted.\\n2,000 hours is the equivalent of 1 year of work.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you enjoy working with your hands and solving puzzles, becoming an electrician may be a great choice for you. Compared to other states, Texas makes this process relatively straightforward and easy. You apply for an apprentice license and then either go to trade school or work as an apprentice until you acquire 4,000 hours of experience. Then, you sit for the license exam to become a certified electrician. With enough hard work, you should have no problem becoming a professional electrician in 2 years.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Apprentice License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pull up the apprentice application online to apply through the TDLR.\", \"描述\": \"The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR) manages all trade licensing in Texas. Go to the TDLR’s website and select “Apply/Renew” from the menu at the top. Then, select “Electricians” and “Apprentice Electrician Application” to start.\\nYou can start this application online at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/App_Online/?program=ELC.\\nYou can also print and mail this application along with a $20 check to Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, P.O. Box 12157, Austin, Texas 78711.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out your personal information and pay $20 to submit your application.\", \"描述\": \"Enter your social security number and birthdate to start the application. Then, enter all of your personal information. This includes your address, phone number, and email address. Then, click a “yes/no” option to indicate if you have a criminal record and click “continue.” Enter a credit card or debit card number to pay the $20 fee and select “submit” to finish your application. \\nIf you don’t have a social security number, you cannot currently apply to become a licensed electrician in Texas.\\nIf you click “yes” under the question about your criminal record, don’t worry. You just need to complete an additional form explaining the conviction and submit it alongside your application. The link for this form is on the application page you’re filling out.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait a maximum of 30 days for the results to come back in.\", \"描述\": \"You will receive an email or notice in the mail within 30 days letting you know if you’ve been approved for an apprenticeship license. The state of Texas will email you your credentials and mail you a copy of your license.\\nUnless you entered something incorrectly on your application or you have a criminal history with a violent crime on it, you’ll be approved.\\nIf you have experience as an electrician, your next best step is to skip trade school and apply for apprentice positions.\\nIf you do not have experience as an electrician, you’ll likely need some classroom experience before you can start working as an electrician. Your next best bet is likely to go to trade school.\\nYou can apply for the apprentice license after you get into trade school if you prefer, but you’ll need it to do any hands-on work and start working as an apprentice electrician. There are no requirements for the apprentice license other than being 16 years old and a citizen of Texas, so there’s no real reason to wait.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Going to Trade School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Opt for trade school if you want an educational background in the field.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t have any experience as an electrician, it will be extremely difficult to find an apprentice position. Instead, consider applying for a trade school with a licensed electrician program. Most of these trade schools will place you in an apprenticeship position once you’ve completed your coursework.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out an application for a licensed trade school near you.\", \"描述\": \"There are dozens of trade schools in Texas that are licensed to teach apprentice electricians. Find one near you and look at the tuition fees to ensure that you can afford the program. Once you find a licensed trade school that appeals to you, fill out an application and wait to hear back regarding the start of classes.\\nSome of these programs host classes at night if you’re currently working a day job or you don’t have a ton of time during the day. Others host some online classes if you have a variety of responsibilities at home. Just like regular colleges, each trade school is different so weigh your options before applying.\\nYou can find a list of approved electrician programs at https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/AMPS/ShowApprenticePrograms.aspx.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend your classes and complete the coursework for 1,000-2,000 hours.\", \"描述\": \"In electrician school, you will learn how to wire systems, solder wires, ground systems, and install control panels. Classes will cover everything you need to know about working as an electrician, from calculating voltages to completing government-required paperwork. Continue attending classes and completing the coursework for at least 6 months.\\nElectrician school has homework, quizzes, and tests, just like any other academic program. Do not skip out on your studies to ensure that you graduate on time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Transition into an apprentice position to finish your coursework.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your specific program, you will be placed in an apprentice position after 1,000-2,000 hours in the classroom. Once you complete the final classroom course, work with your counselor or educator to find a placement that works for you.\\nMost of these apprentice positions will pay you, although it usually isn’t more than minimum wage.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding an Apprenticeship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for apprenticeship positions to learn the skills on the job.\", \"描述\": \"Go online and pull up a job-hunting website. Enter “apprentice electrician” into the search bar and include your zip code. Scroll through the available positions and apply to any positions that seem interesting to you. The job duties from position to position will be basically identical, so focus instead on applying to paying positions with benefits that seem interesting to you.\\nIf you went to trade school, most of the time you will be placed into an apprentice position by your trade school. If they don’t place you, you’ll need to apply to a position yourself.\\nDon’t worry if your resume looks a little light. Most electricians hiring apprentices will care more about the interview than your work history.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Interview for potential positions and accept an offer to start working.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re called in for an interview, put a suit or business-appropriate outfit on. Show up 15 minutes before your interview and bring a copy of your resume with you. Answer questions in your interview and ask potential employers about what it’s like working for them. Once you’re offered a position, take it to begin working as an apprentice electrician.\\nThe interviewer may ask you about how you would wire a potential set up, handle an upset client, or fix a mistake made by a previous electrician. Just do your best and be honest about your experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get 4,000 hours of experience as an apprentice electrician.\", \"描述\": \"Once hired, you will be assigned a master electrician to work under. Show up to work on time and wait for them to tell you where you’re going, what they need you to do, and how you can help them as they work. In most cases, you’ll start out doing very minor wiring work. Continue working as an apprentice until you get at least 2 years of experience, or 4,000 hours.\\nIn the field, feel free to ask questions about what the master electrician is doing or why they’re completing a job in a particular way. The entire goal of an apprentice position is for apprentices to learn from experienced electricians, so ask away!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Taking the Electrician License Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go online to register for the Electrician License Exam through PSI.\", \"描述\": \"The TDLR runs all of their testing through a company called PSI. Once you’ve completed your 4,000 hours of experience, go online to PSI’s website to enroll for the state of Texas’s Electrician License Exam.\\nYour trade school or employer is tasked with tracking your hours as part of the licensing certification with the state of Texas. They’ll let you know when you’re close to 4,000 hours.\\nTo start this process, go to https://www.psionline.com/.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create an account using the records from your apprentice license.\", \"描述\": \"Create an account on PSI’s website and enter your personal information and email to sign up. On the homepage of the PSI website, select “Schedule a Test” and type in your trade school or apprentice company. Your sponsor’s name will pop up from the drop-down menu. Click their name and select the “locate existing records” button to automatically enter all of your personal information.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select your test and pick a test center and date to complete the exam.\", \"描述\": \"On the next page, select “Journeyman” or “Wireman” depending on which exam you’re sitting for. A list of testing centers and dates will pop up on your screen. Select a date and testing center that works for you and pay $78 to sign up for your exam.\\nThe journeyman exam is exponentially more popular than the wireman test. Approved journeymen can work on a variety of electronic systems while wiremen are limited to working on residential constructions.\\nThe exam takes 4 hours to complete, so make sure you set some time aside on your schedule!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Show up with your photo ID and registration form 30 minutes before the test.\", \"描述\": \"On the day of your exam, show up 30 minutes before your test and check in at the front desk. Show the clerk your driver’s license, state ID, or passport and hand over your registration receipt. They will collect your phone and any other electronics and show you where to wait for your exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sit for 4 hours and complete the exam to the best of your ability.\", \"描述\": \"The test will cover electrical systems, definitions, calculations, motors, wiring, and other essential information. It is multiple choice, so do your best to rule out bad options and answer questions correctly. Once 4 hours have passed or as soon as you finish the exam, let the test proctor know you’re done and collect your things before leaving.\\nYou must score a minimum of 70% on the journeyman exam and an 80% on the wireman exam to pass the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wait 30 days at most for your results to come in.\", \"描述\": \"Within 30 days, you will receive an email or letter with your results. If you passed the exam, it will include a copy of your certification to begin working as a certified journeyman electrician.\\nIf you didn’t pass, you can re-enroll to take the exam again. Many people do not pass the first time they complete the test, so don’t get discouraged.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Find a position as a licensed electrician to start working.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have your journeyman or wireman license, you can apply for any positions looking for standard electricians. Update your resume to include your new license and begin applying for positions. Start with the company that hired you on as an apprentice, since they’ll be familiar with your work ethic and dependability. If they aren’t hiring, reach out to companies in your area and interview to find a permanent position.\\nYou can now begin working towards your master electrician license. You must acquire 12,000 of on-site experience before you can sit for the master’s exam.\\nRenew your license every year with the TDLR to keep your license active.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t get disheartened if you don’t pass the licensing exam the first time. It’s a pretty tough test and many accomplished electricians have to take the exam multiple times before they’re accepted.\\n\", \"2,000 hours is the equivalent of 1 year of work.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,980 |
How to Become an Electronic Music Producer
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1. Knowing What You Want to Produce
1-1. Know exactly what genre of electronic music you want to produce.
There is a lot of variety in electronic music, and many different genres and styles to choose from. Be it house, trap, ambient or dubstep, it’s up to you whatever sound you are going for. It’s a good idea to listen to a lot of electronic music before you make up your mind, so that you know what sort of music gets you the most excited, or you understand the most.
Alternatively, you can ignore genres completely and make something new and exciting, however this is very difficult and is best done with prior experience producing other genres.
1-2. Do some research on different artists.
If you find yourself focussing on one genre in particular, this will help you to know what you are going to write when you first start. Do some research on artists relevant to your chosen genre by listening to songs, reading interviews/article and reading reviews. This will help you to know what inspires them to write songs, how they go about the process and how they began producing electronic music.
Some examples could be for Skrillex, Flux Pavilion, and Barely Alive for dubstep; for house Deadmau5, Disclosure, Avicii and for trap Diplo, Jack Ü, DJ Snake etc.
Also with a new genre rising known as Future bass, you can Look up to Alan Walker, or Even Martin Garrix or even The Chainsmokers who produce Trap music as well!
2. Getting Your Software
2-1. Get a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).
A DAW is the fundamental piece of software used to arrange, sequence and compose songs, as well as contain and connect all the plugins (instruments/effects) used to create your songs. Do some research into the pros and cons of different DAWs.
If you are stuck deciding, research what DAWs your favourite artists use and which DAWs are most popular with your chosen genre. Examples of popular DAWs include: Cubase, Ableton Live, Logic Pro (OSX only) and FL Studio (Windows only).
For Beginner Music producers I would Highly recommend the FL Studio, the fruity edition which only costs $99 is great to begin!
2-2. Invest in some plugins.
A plugin (sometimes referred to as a VST as this is a common format) is a software instrument or effect you use in conjunction with a DAW to create, edit and manipulate sound. You may need to invest in plugins such as synthesisers, mixing/mastering effects and samplers.
Many plugins are not essential, but can help you to create interesting sounds to give your songs an interesting and unique edge. Also, many DAWs come with their own plugins, so you may not need to purchase any of your own.
If you can really save or get some money, you can buy the reFX Nexus! It is used by almost all the DJs and music producers! It costs $249 but carries the value! Visit there official website here refx.com/nexus/
3. Getting Your Hardware
3-1. Get a suitable computer.
You need to make sure your computer has good enough specs and capabilities to handle the processing you will need to make your music. Most producers don’t need a massively powerful computer, but it depends on the sort of techniques and sounds you want to produce. To begin with, your processing will most likely only be basic, so a high end computer is not essential from the get-go.
But these days at least some minimum requirements are needed to run DAWs and VSTs. They are listed below:
Intel Core i3 processor
RAM 4GB
Graphics Memory 1GB
Storage depends on how much of software you use but a minimum 500GB is needed.
3-2. Acquire a sound system.
Aside from just a computer, you will need to have some sort of hardware with which to monitor and listen to what it is you are creating. Getting the best sound quality is important to having a professional and polished sound. This means you should be willing to spend considerably more money on this than you would for general listen to music. For this you will either need headphones or studio monitors (speakers).
Many people prefer monitors and will claim they allow for better clarity and accuracy, but good headphones are generally cheaper than good monitors. Do some research before you buy to see the pros and cons of each. Popular brands of monitors include KRK, Yamaha and M-Audio. Popular brands of headphones include Sennheiser, Audio-Technica and AKG.
3-3. Invest in some non-essential hardware.
This can include hardware that will make producing music easier, but is not necessarily essential to making music. Non-essential items of hardware (for electronic music) could include: audio interfaces, microphones, MIDI controllers/keyboards and hardware synthesisers/processors.
Many people claim the sound generated from hardware synthesisers is superior to any software plugins, but this is a matter of taste, and the average listener won’t notice (plus hardware synthesisers can be very expensive).
4. Learning to Use Your Gear
4-1. Learn your way around your DAW.
The most essential step to effective music production is knowing how to get the most out of your software, and this is especially true for your DAW. Learning to use a DAW can seem very daunting for first-time producers and can sometimes put people off making music all together. However, once you can use your DAW effectively, making music becomes so much easier.
Make sure to thoroughly read the manual for your DAW. This will help you to come to grips with the official functions and uses of different aspects of your DAW, as well ways of using your software according to the people that designed it.
Watch tutorials on using your DAW on YouTube. YouTube can be an invaluable resource when it comes to learning music production, as there are many high quality tutorials available for free, for varying levels of expertise.
4-2. Learn to use your plugins.
Learning to use your plugins, particularly for synthesis, can be one of the most daunting tasks of learning to produce music. This is especially true as many plugins pride themselves on having a unique and intuitive way of working. This will require a similar approach to learning to use a DAW. Once again, read the manual and make use of tutorials on YouTube. Also, most plugins come with a wide range of presets that will allow you to make good music without being overwhelmed with an array of knobs and switches.
Most of all don't give up as controlling the presets with a single mouse may be hard and confusing at beginning but the more you will practice, the better you will be! Do not worry, You will sure get the hang of it!
4-3. Learn to use your hardware.
Learning to use hardware is generally much easier than software, as long as you don’t have anything too complex such as synthesisers. Things such as connecting up MIDI keyboards and audio interfaces are usually fairly easy to figure out.
The only problem you may run into when setting up hardware is positioning studio monitors, as this will have a strong impact on the sound that they produce. A general rule is to have them pointing directly toward your ears at head height. Also try to position the monitors so that they form an equilateral triangle with your head.
5. Producing Your First Song
5-1. Know what you want to produce.
This links to the first part of the article, and if you already have a good plan of where you want to go this should be fairly easy. Start off by listening to lots of electronic music. This doesn't necessarily have to be from your chosen genre, as it can be good to bring in ideas and influences from other genres as well. If you are struggling, try writing down features from songs that you really like and implementing them into your own track
5-2. Have a basic knowledge of music theory.
This part may seem boring, but having a basic understanding of music theory will massively help you in writing catchy songs and doing it quickly and easily. Just a small amount of knowledge on melody and chords can really help you write a decent tune. If you struggle with composing melodies, try to replicate melodies from popular songs as accurately as you can in your DAW, as this will help you to understand how melodies are constructed.
5-3. Write your song.
Sometimes when you are fed up of all this learning and preparation, the best thing is to just have a go. Remember, your first song will most likely be terrible, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't be proud of it. Everyone's first song will sound amateur, and even the most professional producers will have been at this stage at some point, just keep producing songs and improving. Getting to a professional standard can take years.
5-4. Share it!
Once you have made your masterpiece, show it off to the world. Upload it to the internet, put it on YouTube, Soundcloud and share it with your friends. Be proud of what you have done and don't worry if you think people won't like it, you should be proud that you made a song all by yourself!
Tips
Many people will claim that their DAW is ‘better’ than all others. This is most likely not true, as most DAWs do exactly the same thing, but in different ways, and in different workflows that work best with different people. If you can’t decide, most DAWs have a demo version you can try out.
Becoming an electronic music producer takes time, but as long as you keep practicing and improving yourself and you will eventually get to where you want to be.
It is important to feel pride in what you make, but it is important to remember not everything you make will be gold. No one likes to receive criticism on something they have worked on for so long, but behind every criticism is a way you can improve next time and make yourself a better producer.
Warnings
Make sure you thoroughly research any software/hardware that you want/need to purchase. Rushing into an investment such as this can end up with you having something you didn't want and having wasted a lot of money!
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Knowing What You Want to Produce\\n1-1. Know exactly what genre of electronic music you want to produce.\\nThere is a lot of variety in electronic music, and many different genres and styles to choose from. Be it house, trap, ambient or dubstep, it’s up to you whatever sound you are going for. It’s a good idea to listen to a lot of electronic music before you make up your mind, so that you know what sort of music gets you the most excited, or you understand the most. \\nAlternatively, you can ignore genres completely and make something new and exciting, however this is very difficult and is best done with prior experience producing other genres.\\n1-2. Do some research on different artists.\\nIf you find yourself focussing on one genre in particular, this will help you to know what you are going to write when you first start. Do some research on artists relevant to your chosen genre by listening to songs, reading interviews/article and reading reviews. This will help you to know what inspires them to write songs, how they go about the process and how they began producing electronic music. \\nSome examples could be for Skrillex, Flux Pavilion, and Barely Alive for dubstep; for house Deadmau5, Disclosure, Avicii and for trap Diplo, Jack Ü, DJ Snake etc.\\nAlso with a new genre rising known as Future bass, you can Look up to Alan Walker, or Even Martin Garrix or even The Chainsmokers who produce Trap music as well!\\n2. Getting Your Software\\n2-1. Get a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).\\nA DAW is the fundamental piece of software used to arrange, sequence and compose songs, as well as contain and connect all the plugins (instruments/effects) used to create your songs. Do some research into the pros and cons of different DAWs. \\nIf you are stuck deciding, research what DAWs your favourite artists use and which DAWs are most popular with your chosen genre. Examples of popular DAWs include: Cubase, Ableton Live, Logic Pro (OSX only) and FL Studio (Windows only).\\nFor Beginner Music producers I would Highly recommend the FL Studio, the fruity edition which only costs $99 is great to begin!\\n2-2. Invest in some plugins.\\nA plugin (sometimes referred to as a VST as this is a common format) is a software instrument or effect you use in conjunction with a DAW to create, edit and manipulate sound. You may need to invest in plugins such as synthesisers, mixing/mastering effects and samplers. \\nMany plugins are not essential, but can help you to create interesting sounds to give your songs an interesting and unique edge. Also, many DAWs come with their own plugins, so you may not need to purchase any of your own.\\nIf you can really save or get some money, you can buy the reFX Nexus! It is used by almost all the DJs and music producers! It costs $249 but carries the value! Visit there official website here refx.com/nexus/\\n3. Getting Your Hardware\\n3-1. Get a suitable computer.\\nYou need to make sure your computer has good enough specs and capabilities to handle the processing you will need to make your music. Most producers don’t need a massively powerful computer, but it depends on the sort of techniques and sounds you want to produce. To begin with, your processing will most likely only be basic, so a high end computer is not essential from the get-go.\\nBut these days at least some minimum requirements are needed to run DAWs and VSTs. They are listed below:\\nIntel Core i3 processor\\nRAM 4GB\\nGraphics Memory 1GB\\nStorage depends on how much of software you use but a minimum 500GB is needed.\\n3-2. Acquire a sound system.\\nAside from just a computer, you will need to have some sort of hardware with which to monitor and listen to what it is you are creating. Getting the best sound quality is important to having a professional and polished sound. This means you should be willing to spend considerably more money on this than you would for general listen to music. For this you will either need headphones or studio monitors (speakers). \\nMany people prefer monitors and will claim they allow for better clarity and accuracy, but good headphones are generally cheaper than good monitors. Do some research before you buy to see the pros and cons of each. Popular brands of monitors include KRK, Yamaha and M-Audio. Popular brands of headphones include Sennheiser, Audio-Technica and AKG.\\n3-3. Invest in some non-essential hardware.\\nThis can include hardware that will make producing music easier, but is not necessarily essential to making music. Non-essential items of hardware (for electronic music) could include: audio interfaces, microphones, MIDI controllers/keyboards and hardware synthesisers/processors. \\nMany people claim the sound generated from hardware synthesisers is superior to any software plugins, but this is a matter of taste, and the average listener won’t notice (plus hardware synthesisers can be very expensive).\\n4. Learning to Use Your Gear\\n4-1. Learn your way around your DAW.\\nThe most essential step to effective music production is knowing how to get the most out of your software, and this is especially true for your DAW. Learning to use a DAW can seem very daunting for first-time producers and can sometimes put people off making music all together. However, once you can use your DAW effectively, making music becomes so much easier.\\nMake sure to thoroughly read the manual for your DAW. This will help you to come to grips with the official functions and uses of different aspects of your DAW, as well ways of using your software according to the people that designed it.\\nWatch tutorials on using your DAW on YouTube. YouTube can be an invaluable resource when it comes to learning music production, as there are many high quality tutorials available for free, for varying levels of expertise.\\n4-2. Learn to use your plugins.\\nLearning to use your plugins, particularly for synthesis, can be one of the most daunting tasks of learning to produce music. This is especially true as many plugins pride themselves on having a unique and intuitive way of working. This will require a similar approach to learning to use a DAW. Once again, read the manual and make use of tutorials on YouTube. Also, most plugins come with a wide range of presets that will allow you to make good music without being overwhelmed with an array of knobs and switches.\\nMost of all don't give up as controlling the presets with a single mouse may be hard and confusing at beginning but the more you will practice, the better you will be! Do not worry, You will sure get the hang of it!\\n4-3. Learn to use your hardware.\\nLearning to use hardware is generally much easier than software, as long as you don’t have anything too complex such as synthesisers. Things such as connecting up MIDI keyboards and audio interfaces are usually fairly easy to figure out. \\nThe only problem you may run into when setting up hardware is positioning studio monitors, as this will have a strong impact on the sound that they produce. A general rule is to have them pointing directly toward your ears at head height. Also try to position the monitors so that they form an equilateral triangle with your head.\\n5. Producing Your First Song\\n5-1. Know what you want to produce.\\nThis links to the first part of the article, and if you already have a good plan of where you want to go this should be fairly easy. Start off by listening to lots of electronic music. This doesn't necessarily have to be from your chosen genre, as it can be good to bring in ideas and influences from other genres as well. If you are struggling, try writing down features from songs that you really like and implementing them into your own track\\n5-2. Have a basic knowledge of music theory.\\nThis part may seem boring, but having a basic understanding of music theory will massively help you in writing catchy songs and doing it quickly and easily. Just a small amount of knowledge on melody and chords can really help you write a decent tune. If you struggle with composing melodies, try to replicate melodies from popular songs as accurately as you can in your DAW, as this will help you to understand how melodies are constructed.\\n5-3. Write your song.\\nSometimes when you are fed up of all this learning and preparation, the best thing is to just have a go. Remember, your first song will most likely be terrible, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't be proud of it. Everyone's first song will sound amateur, and even the most professional producers will have been at this stage at some point, just keep producing songs and improving. Getting to a professional standard can take years.\\n5-4. Share it!\\nOnce you have made your masterpiece, show it off to the world. Upload it to the internet, put it on YouTube, Soundcloud and share it with your friends. Be proud of what you have done and don't worry if you think people won't like it, you should be proud that you made a song all by yourself!\\nTips\\nMany people will claim that their DAW is ‘better’ than all others. This is most likely not true, as most DAWs do exactly the same thing, but in different ways, and in different workflows that work best with different people. If you can’t decide, most DAWs have a demo version you can try out.\\nBecoming an electronic music producer takes time, but as long as you keep practicing and improving yourself and you will eventually get to where you want to be.\\nIt is important to feel pride in what you make, but it is important to remember not everything you make will be gold. No one likes to receive criticism on something they have worked on for so long, but behind every criticism is a way you can improve next time and make yourself a better producer.\\nWarnings\\nMake sure you thoroughly research any software/hardware that you want/need to purchase. Rushing into an investment such as this can end up with you having something you didn't want and having wasted a lot of money!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Deciding you want to be an electronic music producer can be very exciting and spark lots of creative ambition, but it can be all too easy to rush in and end up feeling overwhelmed. Follow these steps to help you get started and eventually get where you want to be!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Knowing What You Want to Produce\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know exactly what genre of electronic music you want to produce.\", \"描述\": \"There is a lot of variety in electronic music, and many different genres and styles to choose from. Be it house, trap, ambient or dubstep, it’s up to you whatever sound you are going for. It’s a good idea to listen to a lot of electronic music before you make up your mind, so that you know what sort of music gets you the most excited, or you understand the most. \\nAlternatively, you can ignore genres completely and make something new and exciting, however this is very difficult and is best done with prior experience producing other genres.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do some research on different artists.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself focussing on one genre in particular, this will help you to know what you are going to write when you first start. Do some research on artists relevant to your chosen genre by listening to songs, reading interviews/article and reading reviews. This will help you to know what inspires them to write songs, how they go about the process and how they began producing electronic music. \\nSome examples could be for Skrillex, Flux Pavilion, and Barely Alive for dubstep; for house Deadmau5, Disclosure, Avicii and for trap Diplo, Jack Ü, DJ Snake etc.\\nAlso with a new genre rising known as Future bass, you can Look up to Alan Walker, or Even Martin Garrix or even The Chainsmokers who produce Trap music as well!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Software\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).\", \"描述\": \"A DAW is the fundamental piece of software used to arrange, sequence and compose songs, as well as contain and connect all the plugins (instruments/effects) used to create your songs. Do some research into the pros and cons of different DAWs. \\nIf you are stuck deciding, research what DAWs your favourite artists use and which DAWs are most popular with your chosen genre. Examples of popular DAWs include: Cubase, Ableton Live, Logic Pro (OSX only) and FL Studio (Windows only).\\nFor Beginner Music producers I would Highly recommend the FL Studio, the fruity edition which only costs $99 is great to begin!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Invest in some plugins.\", \"描述\": \"A plugin (sometimes referred to as a VST as this is a common format) is a software instrument or effect you use in conjunction with a DAW to create, edit and manipulate sound. You may need to invest in plugins such as synthesisers, mixing/mastering effects and samplers. \\nMany plugins are not essential, but can help you to create interesting sounds to give your songs an interesting and unique edge. Also, many DAWs come with their own plugins, so you may not need to purchase any of your own.\\nIf you can really save or get some money, you can buy the reFX Nexus! It is used by almost all the DJs and music producers! It costs $249 but carries the value! Visit there official website here refx.com/nexus/\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Hardware\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a suitable computer.\", \"描述\": \"You need to make sure your computer has good enough specs and capabilities to handle the processing you will need to make your music. Most producers don’t need a massively powerful computer, but it depends on the sort of techniques and sounds you want to produce. To begin with, your processing will most likely only be basic, so a high end computer is not essential from the get-go.\\nBut these days at least some minimum requirements are needed to run DAWs and VSTs. They are listed below:\\nIntel Core i3 processor\\nRAM 4GB\\nGraphics Memory 1GB\\nStorage depends on how much of software you use but a minimum 500GB is needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acquire a sound system.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from just a computer, you will need to have some sort of hardware with which to monitor and listen to what it is you are creating. Getting the best sound quality is important to having a professional and polished sound. This means you should be willing to spend considerably more money on this than you would for general listen to music. For this you will either need headphones or studio monitors (speakers). \\nMany people prefer monitors and will claim they allow for better clarity and accuracy, but good headphones are generally cheaper than good monitors. Do some research before you buy to see the pros and cons of each. Popular brands of monitors include KRK, Yamaha and M-Audio. Popular brands of headphones include Sennheiser, Audio-Technica and AKG.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Invest in some non-essential hardware.\", \"描述\": \"This can include hardware that will make producing music easier, but is not necessarily essential to making music. Non-essential items of hardware (for electronic music) could include: audio interfaces, microphones, MIDI controllers/keyboards and hardware synthesisers/processors. \\nMany people claim the sound generated from hardware synthesisers is superior to any software plugins, but this is a matter of taste, and the average listener won’t notice (plus hardware synthesisers can be very expensive).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learning to Use Your Gear\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn your way around your DAW.\", \"描述\": \"The most essential step to effective music production is knowing how to get the most out of your software, and this is especially true for your DAW. Learning to use a DAW can seem very daunting for first-time producers and can sometimes put people off making music all together. However, once you can use your DAW effectively, making music becomes so much easier.\\nMake sure to thoroughly read the manual for your DAW. This will help you to come to grips with the official functions and uses of different aspects of your DAW, as well ways of using your software according to the people that designed it.\\nWatch tutorials on using your DAW on YouTube. YouTube can be an invaluable resource when it comes to learning music production, as there are many high quality tutorials available for free, for varying levels of expertise.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn to use your plugins.\", \"描述\": \"Learning to use your plugins, particularly for synthesis, can be one of the most daunting tasks of learning to produce music. This is especially true as many plugins pride themselves on having a unique and intuitive way of working. This will require a similar approach to learning to use a DAW. Once again, read the manual and make use of tutorials on YouTube. Also, most plugins come with a wide range of presets that will allow you to make good music without being overwhelmed with an array of knobs and switches.\\nMost of all don't give up as controlling the presets with a single mouse may be hard and confusing at beginning but the more you will practice, the better you will be! Do not worry, You will sure get the hang of it!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to use your hardware.\", \"描述\": \"Learning to use hardware is generally much easier than software, as long as you don’t have anything too complex such as synthesisers. Things such as connecting up MIDI keyboards and audio interfaces are usually fairly easy to figure out. \\nThe only problem you may run into when setting up hardware is positioning studio monitors, as this will have a strong impact on the sound that they produce. A general rule is to have them pointing directly toward your ears at head height. Also try to position the monitors so that they form an equilateral triangle with your head.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Producing Your First Song\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what you want to produce.\", \"描述\": \"This links to the first part of the article, and if you already have a good plan of where you want to go this should be fairly easy. Start off by listening to lots of electronic music. This doesn't necessarily have to be from your chosen genre, as it can be good to bring in ideas and influences from other genres as well. If you are struggling, try writing down features from songs that you really like and implementing them into your own track\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have a basic knowledge of music theory.\", \"描述\": \"This part may seem boring, but having a basic understanding of music theory will massively help you in writing catchy songs and doing it quickly and easily. Just a small amount of knowledge on melody and chords can really help you write a decent tune. If you struggle with composing melodies, try to replicate melodies from popular songs as accurately as you can in your DAW, as this will help you to understand how melodies are constructed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write your song.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes when you are fed up of all this learning and preparation, the best thing is to just have a go. Remember, your first song will most likely be terrible, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't be proud of it. Everyone's first song will sound amateur, and even the most professional producers will have been at this stage at some point, just keep producing songs and improving. Getting to a professional standard can take years.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Share it!\", \"描述\": \"Once you have made your masterpiece, show it off to the world. Upload it to the internet, put it on YouTube, Soundcloud and share it with your friends. Be proud of what you have done and don't worry if you think people won't like it, you should be proud that you made a song all by yourself!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Many people will claim that their DAW is ‘better’ than all others. This is most likely not true, as most DAWs do exactly the same thing, but in different ways, and in different workflows that work best with different people. If you can’t decide, most DAWs have a demo version you can try out.\\n\", \"Becoming an electronic music producer takes time, but as long as you keep practicing and improving yourself and you will eventually get to where you want to be.\\n\", \"It is important to feel pride in what you make, but it is important to remember not everything you make will be gold. No one likes to receive criticism on something they have worked on for so long, but behind every criticism is a way you can improve next time and make yourself a better producer.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure you thoroughly research any software/hardware that you want/need to purchase. Rushing into an investment such as this can end up with you having something you didn't want and having wasted a lot of money!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,981 |
How to Become an Elegant Woman
|
1. Acting Classy
1-1. Be kind and respectful to others.
It’s important to be polite and always remember your manners. Say “please,” “thank you,” and “excuse me” when necessary. Treat everyone you meet, from the CEO to the janitor, with respect and never act as though you’re better than someone else. Show kindness to others by helping them. These things are what truly make up an elegant woman.
1-2. Give compliments.
If you notice something you like or appreciate about someone, tell them! Not only will it make them feel great, it will help you bond with them. Compliment a friend’s style, praise a coworker for a job well done, and tell your significant other how much you appreciate them.
For instance, if you’re the leader of a group project, consider what each team member did well and give them specific compliments. You could say, “Joann, thanks for providing such thorough research on wind energy developments,” or “I really appreciate you staying late on Thursday to finish up the PowerPoint presentation, Dan.”
1-3. Develop poise
Carry yourself gracefully and in a ladylike manner. Pull your shoulders slightly back, lift your head up a little, and straighten your back. Cross your legs or ankles when seated. Show confidence using your body language, and avoid slouching, crossing your arms, or fidgeting.
1-4. Maintain your composure
Do your best to stay calm and collected, no matter the circumstances. If something upsets you, stop and take several deep breaths. Observe what’s going on and pull back from the situation. Try to put things in perspective and think about the best course of action before you proceed.
For example, if someone says something rude to you, avoid replying with a cutting remark. Take a deep breath and try to understand where they’re coming from. Address their rudeness directly, or simply let it go and walk away.
1-5. Be self-aware
Pay attention to how you act and react to the people around you. Consider your values, interests, and hobbies. Once you understand and accept yourself for who you are, you can work on being true to yourself, which is the mark of an elegant woman.
Make decisions for yourself based on what you want and need. For example, don’t avoid taking your vacation time just because your co-workers pride themselves on racking up the hours. If you need a break, and have earned one, take it.
2. Personal Development
2-1. Stay up to date on current news.
It’s important to be knowledgeable about the world and people around you. Study current events, politics, pop culture, history, and the arts. Get your news from a variety of sources so that you can get a comprehensive idea of what is really going on, and find out as much as you can about a subject before forming an opinion.
For example, read reports on a candidate from their own political party as well as from their opposing political party.
2-2. Expand your perspective.
Read a variety of newspapers and novels, listen to different styles of music, and go to performances in a wide range of genres (ballet, rodeo, cirque du soleil, opera, river dancing, comedy, etc.). Visit different places in the world, if possible, and interact with people from different countries and cultures.
2-3. Communicate clearly
Be an active listener and try to understand other people’s point of view. When you have something to share, speak eloquently and directly, and try to make your meaning and message as clear as possible. Remember to enunciate and speak slowly, rather than rushing.
2-4. Resolve conflicts effectively
If you have an issue with someone, bring it up with them directly, rather than discussing the issue with others, gossiping, or perpetuating rumors. Put yourself in the other person’s shoes and try to understand their perspective. If you make a mistake, apologize sincerely.
For example, say, “Victoria, I’m sorry for being harsh with you this morning. I was stressed about the upcoming deadline and shouldn’t have taken it out on you. Will you accept my apology?”
2-5. Mind your language.
Don’t swear, use vulgar language, or tell crude jokes, as these things are far from elegant. Refrain from saying things that might offend or hurt someone else. It’s also a good idea to expand your vocabulary so that you’ll always have the right word ready on the tip of your tongue.
3. Looking Elegant
3-1. Practice good personal hygiene
Shower or bathe regularly, apply deodorant, clean your ears, and brush and floss your teeth. Take care of your hair and skin and groom yourself neatly. Keep your nails trimmed and neat, or get manicures and pedicures.
3-2. Dress conservatively.
Choose clothing that fits well and shows your figure without being too tight or revealing. Shorts, skirts, and dresses should not be shorter than just above the knee, rather than hitting at mid-thigh. Opt for tops with wide straps or sleeves, and avoid clothes that show too much skin, including your midriff and cleavage.
3-3. Select classic silhouettes, colors, and fabrics.
Opt for items that won’t go out of style, like pencil skirts, flowing blouses, shift dresses, tailored trousers, A-line skirts, button-down tops, and blazers. Choose chic fabrics including silks, stiff crêpes, cashmeres, linens, and wools. Pair one bright piece of clothing with neutral colors, or mix neutrals together.
Wear a cream silk camisole underneath a navy buttoned blazer and pencil skirt suit. Add cream-colored wedges and a bright handbag.
Pair a black A-line skirt with a pink silk blouse and black leather pumps. Add a scarf or a statement necklace and stud earrings.
Layer a red wool peacoat over high-waisted khaki trousers and a white button-down top. Pair the outfit with red pumps.
3-4. Apply natural makeup
Your makeup should look natural and subtle, as though you’ve barely applied it at all. Take care to choose a foundation that matches your skin tone exactly. Use light blush and neutral eye makeup. Eyeliner and mascara should be used moderately. You can opt for a bold lipstick, such as a classic red, if desired. Avoid using makeup in shocking colors, like neon green or plum.
3-5. Keep your hair neat.
Elegant women have a variety of hairstyles, so don’t feel as though you need a certain cut or style. No matter what you choose, though, keep it sleek and neat, and avoid deliberately messy styles. Chignons and french twists are great options for longer hair, while a bob is a classic style for those who like their hair shorter.
3-6. Choose simple accessories.
Look for classic styles that compliment your outfit without looking overdone. Choose jewelry that is understated and chic, rather than gaudy. Gold accents, classic watches, pearls, diamonds, and gems are all elegant options. Remember, less is more!
Pair a long dress with a beaded clutch and pearl earrings.
Wear a statement necklace with a button-down shirt.
Add a leather purse and a patterned scarf to a business suit.
Tips
Make sure your clothing is clean, neat, and free of wrinkles. Don’t wear garments that are dirty, stained, or damaged.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acting Classy\\n1-1. Be kind and respectful to others.\\nIt’s important to be polite and always remember your manners. Say “please,” “thank you,” and “excuse me” when necessary. Treat everyone you meet, from the CEO to the janitor, with respect and never act as though you’re better than someone else. Show kindness to others by helping them. These things are what truly make up an elegant woman.\\n1-2. Give compliments.\\nIf you notice something you like or appreciate about someone, tell them! Not only will it make them feel great, it will help you bond with them. Compliment a friend’s style, praise a coworker for a job well done, and tell your significant other how much you appreciate them.\\nFor instance, if you’re the leader of a group project, consider what each team member did well and give them specific compliments. You could say, “Joann, thanks for providing such thorough research on wind energy developments,” or “I really appreciate you staying late on Thursday to finish up the PowerPoint presentation, Dan.”\\n1-3. Develop poise\\nCarry yourself gracefully and in a ladylike manner. Pull your shoulders slightly back, lift your head up a little, and straighten your back. Cross your legs or ankles when seated. Show confidence using your body language, and avoid slouching, crossing your arms, or fidgeting.\\n1-4. Maintain your composure\\nDo your best to stay calm and collected, no matter the circumstances. If something upsets you, stop and take several deep breaths. Observe what’s going on and pull back from the situation. Try to put things in perspective and think about the best course of action before you proceed.\\nFor example, if someone says something rude to you, avoid replying with a cutting remark. Take a deep breath and try to understand where they’re coming from. Address their rudeness directly, or simply let it go and walk away.\\n1-5. Be self-aware\\nPay attention to how you act and react to the people around you. Consider your values, interests, and hobbies. Once you understand and accept yourself for who you are, you can work on being true to yourself, which is the mark of an elegant woman.\\nMake decisions for yourself based on what you want and need. For example, don’t avoid taking your vacation time just because your co-workers pride themselves on racking up the hours. If you need a break, and have earned one, take it.\\n2. Personal Development\\n2-1. Stay up to date on current news.\\nIt’s important to be knowledgeable about the world and people around you. Study current events, politics, pop culture, history, and the arts. Get your news from a variety of sources so that you can get a comprehensive idea of what is really going on, and find out as much as you can about a subject before forming an opinion.\\nFor example, read reports on a candidate from their own political party as well as from their opposing political party.\\n2-2. Expand your perspective.\\nRead a variety of newspapers and novels, listen to different styles of music, and go to performances in a wide range of genres (ballet, rodeo, cirque du soleil, opera, river dancing, comedy, etc.). Visit different places in the world, if possible, and interact with people from different countries and cultures.\\n2-3. Communicate clearly\\nBe an active listener and try to understand other people’s point of view. When you have something to share, speak eloquently and directly, and try to make your meaning and message as clear as possible. Remember to enunciate and speak slowly, rather than rushing.\\n2-4. Resolve conflicts effectively\\nIf you have an issue with someone, bring it up with them directly, rather than discussing the issue with others, gossiping, or perpetuating rumors. Put yourself in the other person’s shoes and try to understand their perspective. If you make a mistake, apologize sincerely.\\nFor example, say, “Victoria, I’m sorry for being harsh with you this morning. I was stressed about the upcoming deadline and shouldn’t have taken it out on you. Will you accept my apology?”\\n2-5. Mind your language.\\nDon’t swear, use vulgar language, or tell crude jokes, as these things are far from elegant. Refrain from saying things that might offend or hurt someone else. It’s also a good idea to expand your vocabulary so that you’ll always have the right word ready on the tip of your tongue.\\n3. Looking Elegant\\n3-1. Practice good personal hygiene\\nShower or bathe regularly, apply deodorant, clean your ears, and brush and floss your teeth. Take care of your hair and skin and groom yourself neatly. Keep your nails trimmed and neat, or get manicures and pedicures.\\n3-2. Dress conservatively.\\nChoose clothing that fits well and shows your figure without being too tight or revealing. Shorts, skirts, and dresses should not be shorter than just above the knee, rather than hitting at mid-thigh. Opt for tops with wide straps or sleeves, and avoid clothes that show too much skin, including your midriff and cleavage.\\n3-3. Select classic silhouettes, colors, and fabrics.\\nOpt for items that won’t go out of style, like pencil skirts, flowing blouses, shift dresses, tailored trousers, A-line skirts, button-down tops, and blazers. Choose chic fabrics including silks, stiff crêpes, cashmeres, linens, and wools. Pair one bright piece of clothing with neutral colors, or mix neutrals together.\\nWear a cream silk camisole underneath a navy buttoned blazer and pencil skirt suit. Add cream-colored wedges and a bright handbag.\\nPair a black A-line skirt with a pink silk blouse and black leather pumps. Add a scarf or a statement necklace and stud earrings.\\nLayer a red wool peacoat over high-waisted khaki trousers and a white button-down top. Pair the outfit with red pumps.\\n3-4. Apply natural makeup\\nYour makeup should look natural and subtle, as though you’ve barely applied it at all. Take care to choose a foundation that matches your skin tone exactly. Use light blush and neutral eye makeup. Eyeliner and mascara should be used moderately. You can opt for a bold lipstick, such as a classic red, if desired. Avoid using makeup in shocking colors, like neon green or plum.\\n3-5. Keep your hair neat.\\nElegant women have a variety of hairstyles, so don’t feel as though you need a certain cut or style. No matter what you choose, though, keep it sleek and neat, and avoid deliberately messy styles. Chignons and french twists are great options for longer hair, while a bob is a classic style for those who like their hair shorter.\\n3-6. Choose simple accessories.\\nLook for classic styles that compliment your outfit without looking overdone. Choose jewelry that is understated and chic, rather than gaudy. Gold accents, classic watches, pearls, diamonds, and gems are all elegant options. Remember, less is more!\\nPair a long dress with a beaded clutch and pearl earrings.\\nWear a statement necklace with a button-down shirt.\\nAdd a leather purse and a patterned scarf to a business suit.\\nTips\\nMake sure your clothing is clean, neat, and free of wrinkles. Don’t wear garments that are dirty, stained, or damaged.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An elegant woman is poised and polite. You can demonstrate this refinement by being kind and respectful to everyone around you. Communicate clearly and maintain your composure, no matter the situation. An elegant woman also cares about her appearance and takes time to groom herself. With a few simple steps, you can incorporate these values into your daily routine and life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acting Classy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be kind and respectful to others.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to be polite and always remember your manners. Say “please,” “thank you,” and “excuse me” when necessary. Treat everyone you meet, from the CEO to the janitor, with respect and never act as though you’re better than someone else. Show kindness to others by helping them. These things are what truly make up an elegant woman.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Give compliments.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice something you like or appreciate about someone, tell them! Not only will it make them feel great, it will help you bond with them. Compliment a friend’s style, praise a coworker for a job well done, and tell your significant other how much you appreciate them.\\nFor instance, if you’re the leader of a group project, consider what each team member did well and give them specific compliments. You could say, “Joann, thanks for providing such thorough research on wind energy developments,” or “I really appreciate you staying late on Thursday to finish up the PowerPoint presentation, Dan.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop poise\", \"描述\": \"Carry yourself gracefully and in a ladylike manner. Pull your shoulders slightly back, lift your head up a little, and straighten your back. Cross your legs or ankles when seated. Show confidence using your body language, and avoid slouching, crossing your arms, or fidgeting.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Maintain your composure\", \"描述\": \"Do your best to stay calm and collected, no matter the circumstances. If something upsets you, stop and take several deep breaths. Observe what’s going on and pull back from the situation. Try to put things in perspective and think about the best course of action before you proceed.\\nFor example, if someone says something rude to you, avoid replying with a cutting remark. Take a deep breath and try to understand where they’re coming from. Address their rudeness directly, or simply let it go and walk away.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be self-aware\", \"描述\": \"Pay attention to how you act and react to the people around you. Consider your values, interests, and hobbies. Once you understand and accept yourself for who you are, you can work on being true to yourself, which is the mark of an elegant woman.\\nMake decisions for yourself based on what you want and need. For example, don’t avoid taking your vacation time just because your co-workers pride themselves on racking up the hours. If you need a break, and have earned one, take it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Personal Development\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay up to date on current news.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to be knowledgeable about the world and people around you. Study current events, politics, pop culture, history, and the arts. Get your news from a variety of sources so that you can get a comprehensive idea of what is really going on, and find out as much as you can about a subject before forming an opinion.\\nFor example, read reports on a candidate from their own political party as well as from their opposing political party.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expand your perspective.\", \"描述\": \"Read a variety of newspapers and novels, listen to different styles of music, and go to performances in a wide range of genres (ballet, rodeo, cirque du soleil, opera, river dancing, comedy, etc.). Visit different places in the world, if possible, and interact with people from different countries and cultures.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Communicate clearly\", \"描述\": \"Be an active listener and try to understand other people’s point of view. When you have something to share, speak eloquently and directly, and try to make your meaning and message as clear as possible. Remember to enunciate and speak slowly, rather than rushing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Resolve conflicts effectively\", \"描述\": \"If you have an issue with someone, bring it up with them directly, rather than discussing the issue with others, gossiping, or perpetuating rumors. Put yourself in the other person’s shoes and try to understand their perspective. If you make a mistake, apologize sincerely.\\nFor example, say, “Victoria, I’m sorry for being harsh with you this morning. I was stressed about the upcoming deadline and shouldn’t have taken it out on you. Will you accept my apology?”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Mind your language.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t swear, use vulgar language, or tell crude jokes, as these things are far from elegant. Refrain from saying things that might offend or hurt someone else. It’s also a good idea to expand your vocabulary so that you’ll always have the right word ready on the tip of your tongue.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Looking Elegant\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice good personal hygiene\", \"描述\": \"Shower or bathe regularly, apply deodorant, clean your ears, and brush and floss your teeth. Take care of your hair and skin and groom yourself neatly. Keep your nails trimmed and neat, or get manicures and pedicures.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dress conservatively.\", \"描述\": \"Choose clothing that fits well and shows your figure without being too tight or revealing. Shorts, skirts, and dresses should not be shorter than just above the knee, rather than hitting at mid-thigh. Opt for tops with wide straps or sleeves, and avoid clothes that show too much skin, including your midriff and cleavage.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select classic silhouettes, colors, and fabrics.\", \"描述\": \"Opt for items that won’t go out of style, like pencil skirts, flowing blouses, shift dresses, tailored trousers, A-line skirts, button-down tops, and blazers. Choose chic fabrics including silks, stiff crêpes, cashmeres, linens, and wools. Pair one bright piece of clothing with neutral colors, or mix neutrals together.\\nWear a cream silk camisole underneath a navy buttoned blazer and pencil skirt suit. Add cream-colored wedges and a bright handbag.\\nPair a black A-line skirt with a pink silk blouse and black leather pumps. Add a scarf or a statement necklace and stud earrings.\\nLayer a red wool peacoat over high-waisted khaki trousers and a white button-down top. Pair the outfit with red pumps.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply natural makeup\", \"描述\": \"Your makeup should look natural and subtle, as though you’ve barely applied it at all. Take care to choose a foundation that matches your skin tone exactly. Use light blush and neutral eye makeup. Eyeliner and mascara should be used moderately. You can opt for a bold lipstick, such as a classic red, if desired. Avoid using makeup in shocking colors, like neon green or plum.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep your hair neat.\", \"描述\": \"Elegant women have a variety of hairstyles, so don’t feel as though you need a certain cut or style. No matter what you choose, though, keep it sleek and neat, and avoid deliberately messy styles. Chignons and french twists are great options for longer hair, while a bob is a classic style for those who like their hair shorter.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Choose simple accessories.\", \"描述\": \"Look for classic styles that compliment your outfit without looking overdone. Choose jewelry that is understated and chic, rather than gaudy. Gold accents, classic watches, pearls, diamonds, and gems are all elegant options. Remember, less is more!\\nPair a long dress with a beaded clutch and pearl earrings.\\nWear a statement necklace with a button-down shirt.\\nAdd a leather purse and a patterned scarf to a business suit.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure your clothing is clean, neat, and free of wrinkles. Don’t wear garments that are dirty, stained, or damaged.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,982 |
How to Become an Elite Gymnast
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1. Finding a Gym
1-1. Choose a gym with gymnastics governing body membership.
If you want to train to the elite level, it’s important to find a gym that meets the right standards of excellence and offers the right kind of training. Check that the gym is a member of your country’s national governing body for competitive gymnastics, such as USA Gymnastics in the U.S.
Most national gymnastics governing bodies are affiliated with FIG (Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique), the international governing body for competitive gymnastics.
If you live in the U.S., you can find USA Gymnastics member gyms by using the USA Gymnastics search directory: https://usagym.org/pages/find/gym.html.
1-2. Ask other gymnasts or gymnastics parents for recommendations.
If you know anyone else who does gymnastics, they may be able to recommend a great gym or coach in your area. You can also try asking a coach at your school for recommendations. When you visit a potential gym, chat with other gymnasts or their parents to find out if they like the program.
Explain that you’re interested in serious, competitive training and would like to reach the elite level. That way, you’re more likely to get recommendations for gyms that have competitive rather than informal or recreational programs.
If you don’t know anyone who does gymnastics, read online reviews of gymnastics programs in your area.
1-3. Bring a list of questions to ask the gym staff.
Before you visit a gym, write out a list of questions about their gymnastics program. This will help you get an idea of what you’re getting into and how well the gym can meet your needs. Some good questions to ask include:
How often do your classes meet, and how long are they?
How much do the classes cost?
Can I try out a class or try working with a couple different instructors to make sure I like them before signing up?
What curriculum do you follow?
Do you train gymnasts for elite-level competitions?
1-4. Visit the gym to make sure it has a range of well-maintained training equipment.
Before you sign up for a gymnastics program, stop by the gym and ask to have a tour of the gymnastics training facilities. Take a look around and make sure that:
The equipment looks clean and is in good shape
There’s a wide variety of training equipment, such as vaults, bars, trampolines, pits, and tumble tracks
There are mats, spotting belts, and other safety equipment in place
The gym is well-lit and there are viewing areas for parents who want to keep an eye on their kids’ training
1-5. Watch a class in action to see if it meets your needs.
If the gym looks good, ask if you can sit in on a class to see what it’s like. Check that the coaches and staff seem engaged, friendly, and concerned about the gymnasts’ wellbeing. You can also get a sense of whether the gymnasts are enjoying themselves.
Pay attention to things like the number of gymnasts in the class and the range of ages and experience levels among the gymnasts. You’ll probably get better training if the classes are small and you’re with other gymnasts at a similar age and skill level.
1-6. Meet the coaches and staff to get a sense of what they’re like.
Before you sign up, chat with coaches and other staff members you might be working with. Make sure they seem committed to safety and that they’re willing to help you set good goals for yourself as you train to the elite level.
Let them know that you’re interested in becoming elite and ask how they train gymnasts who are interested in serious competitive training.
Trust your instincts and don’t be afraid to try working with a couple different coaches until you find the right one for you.
2. Starting to Practice
2-1. Start training as young as possible.
Technically, there’s no maximum age limit for becoming an elite gymnast. You can start any of the training levels at any age at or above the minimum age requirement. However, it’s no secret that younger, smaller gymnasts have an advantage. In order to build the skills you need to become an elite gymnast while you’re still in your teens, start training while you’re a child if you can.
On average, elite gymnasts start training at around 4 years of age. Some, such as Simone Biles, start as late as age 6, while others may start training as young as 2 or even 1!
Children can start learning the fundamental skills for gymnastics as young as 2-3 years old. However, many programs require that kids are at least 6 years old before they begin training for serious competitions.
2-2. Be prepared to train at least 30 hours a week.
Elite gymnasts have to put in serious training time in order to stay in shape and keep their skills sharp. While the exact number of hours you’ll need to spend training aren’t set in stone, most elite gymnasts train for about 30 hours each week. Gradually increase the hours you spend in the gym as you advance through the different training levels.
When you first begin training, you might start out at about 6-8 hours a week, depending on your age, your training program, and how much time you have.
2-3. Master the basic gymnastics skills.
While flashy, advanced gymnastics skills might seem more exciting and impressive, they’re all built on a solid foundation of more basic skills. Focus on being able to do the simple, foundational skills before you try to learn anything fancy. Some good starting skills to learn include:
Handstands
Casting
Splits
Handsprings
Roundoffs
Turns
2-4. Incorporate strength training into your routine.
It takes a lot of strength to perform elite-level gymnastics. Gymnastics coaches use special strength training routines that are ideal for gymnasts. Talk to your coach about which exercises can help maximize your strength without causing your muscles to become too big. Your routine might include exercises like:
Handstand pushups and presses
Straight arm lat pulldowns
Casting to a handstand
Flys
Pull-ups
2-5. Stretch regularly to improve your flexibility.
Being flexible is another key to success as a gymnast. To keep your joints and muscles limber, add stretches and range-of-motion exercises to your regular workout routine. Ask your coach to help you choose stretches that will be safe and helpful for you.
Before you start stretching, warm up your joints by moving them slowly in a circle, both clockwise and counter-clockwise.
Do static stretches, in which you hold a stretch for about 10 seconds, to help loosen your muscles and prevent strains and sprains.
Do dynamic stretches, such as kicks or lunges, to help warm up your muscles and improve your circulation.
3. Progressing through the Ranks
3-1. Join a Junior Olympics (JO) program.
The Junior Olympics program is a training program with several levels. In this program, you will master the basic skills you need at each level to advance to the next stage of your training. Once you pass Level 10 in the Junior Olympics program, you can start training as an elite gymnast. Look for a gym in your area that offers a JO program.
“Elite” is the highest rank you can achieve in a JO program. Level 10 gymnasts are considered “Pre-Elite.”
Other types of training programs, such as the USA Gymnastics Xcel program, are designed to help you build similar skills. However, the Xcel program does not train gymnasts at the elite level.
3-2. Develop foundational skills in levels 1-3.
During the first 3 levels of the JO program, you’ll learn the basic “compulsory” skills that form the foundation of more advanced gymnastics. If you want, you can start competing with other gymnasts in your age group once you reach Level 3.
Gymnasts need to be at least 6 years old before they can qualify for Level 3.
Some Level 3 gymnastics skills include handstands, pullovers, a leap with a 90° split, and round-off back handsprings.
3-3. Start competing for state championships at Levels 4-5.
In Levels 4-5, you’ll build on the standard skills that you started learning in Levels 1-3. Start signing up for serious state and regional competitions once you reach these levels so that you can build your confidence and prepare for the intense competitiveness of the elite level.
A gymnast has to be at least 7 years old to graduate to Level 4 or 5.
You’ll also need to meet certain prerequisites before you can reach these levels, such as a 75% proficiency level at Level 3 vault, bars, beam, and floor skills, and a mobility score of 34.00 AA.
Some Level 4-5 skills include front handsprings, kips, sole circles, 150° split leaps, and saddle jumps.
3-4. Work with your coach to create optional routines at levels 6-10.
During the first 5 levels, you’ll be practicing standardized skills and routines that are required for all gymnasts. Once you get into the upper levels, however, you’ll need to start developing your own routines that show off your special strengths. These are called “optional” routines. Talk to your coach about how to put together a competitive routine while continuing to build your compulsory skills.
You have to be at least 8 years old to reach Level 8, and at least 9 years old to reach Level 10.
You’ll need to meet minimum proficiency and mobility scores at each of these levels before you can advance to the next level.
Level 10 is the highest level you can reach before you’re considered an elite gymnast.
4. Advancing to Elite through a TOPS/Hopes Program
4-1. Try out for a TOPS program for special Pre-Elite training if you’re age 7-10.
The TOPS program is a special USA Gymnastics program for skilled young Junior Olympics gymnasts who are hoping to reach the Elite level. Talk to your coach about whether this program is a good fit for you. If so, you can participate in testing for TOPS, and if you qualify, you may be selected for special training and competitions to help you advance through the ranks.
The state TOPS test happens in June and July, followed by the national TOPS test in October. If you qualify for TOPS, you’ll be invited to join a special training camp that takes place every December.
You’ll be tested not only on your gymnastics skills, but also on your physical abilities (such as your ability to do a rope climb, do a press handstand, or perform leg lifts). The qualifying tests for TOPS vary based on your age.
4-2. Apply for a Hopes program if you’re 10-12 years old.
The Hopes program is for highly skilled Junior Olympics gymnasts aged 10-12 who aren’t quite ready to move on to the elite level. Talk to your coach about trying out for one of these programs so that you can train and compete alongside the elite gymnasts on your team until you’re ready to move up to the elite level.
To compete as a Hopes gymnast at the US Challenge, you’ll need to earn a compulsory score of 32.0 and an optional score of 46.5 at a regional or national competition.
4-3. Talk to your coach about trying out for the Elite program.
As a TOPS or Hopes gymnast, you’ll have opportunities to test for the elite program at the regional and national level. Work with your coach to figure out when you’re ready to participate in the national qualifiers.
If you’re moving into a junior elite program (for gymnasts aged 11-15) from TOPS or Hopes, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory score and a 53.0 optional score to qualify for the Classics. To qualify for the USA’s, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory and a 54.0 optional score.
4-4. Compete in regional and national championships at the higher levels.
Once you reach Levels 8-10, you’ll have more competitive opportunities than at the earlier levels. These include championship competitions at the regional and national levels. Talk to your coach about how to complete the requirements for entering these competitions.
These larger competitions will require you to do more difficult routines and will be judged according to a different set of standards from lower-level competitions.
The rules for Level 8-10 competitions are based on international guidelines set by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
4-5. Participate in an elite qualifying competition.
Once you successfully master the Pre-Elite skill set, you can try out for the Elite Program. Work with your coach to prepare for the qualifying competitions, which will consist of both compulsory and optional routines.
The specific scores you’ll need to achieve at each qualifying event will depend on your age group and which types of qualifying events you participate in.
You must be 11-15 years old to become a Junior Elite gymnast, and 16 years or older to become a Senior Elite gymnast.
Once you become an Elite gymnast, you may qualify to join the National Team and participate in international competitions.
5. Supporting Your Training
5-1. Set SMART goals
You can make a big dream like becoming an elite gymnast feel more manageable by breaking it down into smaller, shorter-term goals. Set goals for your training that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound.
For example, you might have a big goal of reaching Level 5 by the end of the year. You can split this up into smaller goals, such as practicing a move on the bars a certain number of hours per week or perfecting your split jump by the end of the month.
Your coach can help you set realistic and helpful goals for your training based on your strengths and current skill level.
5-2. Practice self-care to prevent burnout.
Being an elite gymnast is very difficult, and it’s easy to get burnt out and lose your sense of joy in the sport. To keep this from happening, care for yourself physically and emotionally. Some ways to care for yourself include:
Spending time with supportive friends and family
Eating nutritious meals
Getting plenty of sleep
Doing relaxing activities, like watching TV, reading, or doing creative projects
5-3. Work with your doctor or a nutritionist to maintain a healthy diet.
Getting the right nutrition can be challenging when you’re training to be an elite gymnast. Talk to your coach, doctor, and a nutritionist or dietitian about what you should be eating to manage your weight in a healthy way and get the nutrients you need.
Most gymnasts need a diet rich in carbohydrates and protein in order to maintain energy and build strong muscles during training. However, the exact type of diet you need might vary depending on your style of gymnastics.
Make sure you also eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats (like those found in fish, nuts and seeds, and vegetable oils) in order to get all the vitamins and minerals you need.
5-4. Apply for a financial assistance grant to help pay for training.
Competitive gymnastics training can be very expensive. Between the cost of tuition, equipment, travel, and other expenses and fees, you and your family can end up paying up to $15,000 per year. If you aren’t able to afford the costs of your training, try applying for grants, such as the Acrobatic Gymnastics Foundation’s Athlete Assistance Grant.
If you’re not sure how to apply, ask your coach if they can help.
If you don’t qualify for a grant, consider raising funds from family and friends through a crowdfunding platform, such as GoFundMe or MakeAChamp.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding a Gym\\n1-1. Choose a gym with gymnastics governing body membership.\\nIf you want to train to the elite level, it’s important to find a gym that meets the right standards of excellence and offers the right kind of training. Check that the gym is a member of your country’s national governing body for competitive gymnastics, such as USA Gymnastics in the U.S.\\nMost national gymnastics governing bodies are affiliated with FIG (Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique), the international governing body for competitive gymnastics.\\nIf you live in the U.S., you can find USA Gymnastics member gyms by using the USA Gymnastics search directory: https://usagym.org/pages/find/gym.html.\\n1-2. Ask other gymnasts or gymnastics parents for recommendations.\\nIf you know anyone else who does gymnastics, they may be able to recommend a great gym or coach in your area. You can also try asking a coach at your school for recommendations. When you visit a potential gym, chat with other gymnasts or their parents to find out if they like the program.\\nExplain that you’re interested in serious, competitive training and would like to reach the elite level. That way, you’re more likely to get recommendations for gyms that have competitive rather than informal or recreational programs.\\nIf you don’t know anyone who does gymnastics, read online reviews of gymnastics programs in your area.\\n1-3. Bring a list of questions to ask the gym staff.\\nBefore you visit a gym, write out a list of questions about their gymnastics program. This will help you get an idea of what you’re getting into and how well the gym can meet your needs. Some good questions to ask include:\\nHow often do your classes meet, and how long are they?\\nHow much do the classes cost?\\nCan I try out a class or try working with a couple different instructors to make sure I like them before signing up?\\nWhat curriculum do you follow?\\nDo you train gymnasts for elite-level competitions?\\n1-4. Visit the gym to make sure it has a range of well-maintained training equipment.\\nBefore you sign up for a gymnastics program, stop by the gym and ask to have a tour of the gymnastics training facilities. Take a look around and make sure that:\\nThe equipment looks clean and is in good shape\\nThere’s a wide variety of training equipment, such as vaults, bars, trampolines, pits, and tumble tracks\\nThere are mats, spotting belts, and other safety equipment in place\\nThe gym is well-lit and there are viewing areas for parents who want to keep an eye on their kids’ training\\n1-5. Watch a class in action to see if it meets your needs.\\nIf the gym looks good, ask if you can sit in on a class to see what it’s like. Check that the coaches and staff seem engaged, friendly, and concerned about the gymnasts’ wellbeing. You can also get a sense of whether the gymnasts are enjoying themselves.\\nPay attention to things like the number of gymnasts in the class and the range of ages and experience levels among the gymnasts. You’ll probably get better training if the classes are small and you’re with other gymnasts at a similar age and skill level.\\n1-6. Meet the coaches and staff to get a sense of what they’re like.\\nBefore you sign up, chat with coaches and other staff members you might be working with. Make sure they seem committed to safety and that they’re willing to help you set good goals for yourself as you train to the elite level.\\nLet them know that you’re interested in becoming elite and ask how they train gymnasts who are interested in serious competitive training.\\nTrust your instincts and don’t be afraid to try working with a couple different coaches until you find the right one for you.\\n2. Starting to Practice\\n2-1. Start training as young as possible.\\nTechnically, there’s no maximum age limit for becoming an elite gymnast. You can start any of the training levels at any age at or above the minimum age requirement. However, it’s no secret that younger, smaller gymnasts have an advantage. In order to build the skills you need to become an elite gymnast while you’re still in your teens, start training while you’re a child if you can.\\nOn average, elite gymnasts start training at around 4 years of age. Some, such as Simone Biles, start as late as age 6, while others may start training as young as 2 or even 1!\\nChildren can start learning the fundamental skills for gymnastics as young as 2-3 years old. However, many programs require that kids are at least 6 years old before they begin training for serious competitions.\\n2-2. Be prepared to train at least 30 hours a week.\\nElite gymnasts have to put in serious training time in order to stay in shape and keep their skills sharp. While the exact number of hours you’ll need to spend training aren’t set in stone, most elite gymnasts train for about 30 hours each week. Gradually increase the hours you spend in the gym as you advance through the different training levels.\\nWhen you first begin training, you might start out at about 6-8 hours a week, depending on your age, your training program, and how much time you have.\\n2-3. Master the basic gymnastics skills.\\nWhile flashy, advanced gymnastics skills might seem more exciting and impressive, they’re all built on a solid foundation of more basic skills. Focus on being able to do the simple, foundational skills before you try to learn anything fancy. Some good starting skills to learn include:\\nHandstands\\nCasting\\nSplits\\nHandsprings\\nRoundoffs\\nTurns\\n2-4. Incorporate strength training into your routine.\\nIt takes a lot of strength to perform elite-level gymnastics. Gymnastics coaches use special strength training routines that are ideal for gymnasts. Talk to your coach about which exercises can help maximize your strength without causing your muscles to become too big. Your routine might include exercises like:\\nHandstand pushups and presses\\nStraight arm lat pulldowns\\nCasting to a handstand\\nFlys\\nPull-ups\\n2-5. Stretch regularly to improve your flexibility.\\nBeing flexible is another key to success as a gymnast. To keep your joints and muscles limber, add stretches and range-of-motion exercises to your regular workout routine. Ask your coach to help you choose stretches that will be safe and helpful for you.\\nBefore you start stretching, warm up your joints by moving them slowly in a circle, both clockwise and counter-clockwise.\\nDo static stretches, in which you hold a stretch for about 10 seconds, to help loosen your muscles and prevent strains and sprains.\\nDo dynamic stretches, such as kicks or lunges, to help warm up your muscles and improve your circulation.\\n3. Progressing through the Ranks\\n3-1. Join a Junior Olympics (JO) program.\\nThe Junior Olympics program is a training program with several levels. In this program, you will master the basic skills you need at each level to advance to the next stage of your training. Once you pass Level 10 in the Junior Olympics program, you can start training as an elite gymnast. Look for a gym in your area that offers a JO program.\\n“Elite” is the highest rank you can achieve in a JO program. Level 10 gymnasts are considered “Pre-Elite.”\\nOther types of training programs, such as the USA Gymnastics Xcel program, are designed to help you build similar skills. However, the Xcel program does not train gymnasts at the elite level.\\n3-2. Develop foundational skills in levels 1-3.\\nDuring the first 3 levels of the JO program, you’ll learn the basic “compulsory” skills that form the foundation of more advanced gymnastics. If you want, you can start competing with other gymnasts in your age group once you reach Level 3.\\nGymnasts need to be at least 6 years old before they can qualify for Level 3.\\nSome Level 3 gymnastics skills include handstands, pullovers, a leap with a 90° split, and round-off back handsprings.\\n3-3. Start competing for state championships at Levels 4-5.\\nIn Levels 4-5, you’ll build on the standard skills that you started learning in Levels 1-3. Start signing up for serious state and regional competitions once you reach these levels so that you can build your confidence and prepare for the intense competitiveness of the elite level.\\nA gymnast has to be at least 7 years old to graduate to Level 4 or 5.\\nYou’ll also need to meet certain prerequisites before you can reach these levels, such as a 75% proficiency level at Level 3 vault, bars, beam, and floor skills, and a mobility score of 34.00 AA.\\nSome Level 4-5 skills include front handsprings, kips, sole circles, 150° split leaps, and saddle jumps.\\n3-4. Work with your coach to create optional routines at levels 6-10.\\nDuring the first 5 levels, you’ll be practicing standardized skills and routines that are required for all gymnasts. Once you get into the upper levels, however, you’ll need to start developing your own routines that show off your special strengths. These are called “optional” routines. Talk to your coach about how to put together a competitive routine while continuing to build your compulsory skills.\\nYou have to be at least 8 years old to reach Level 8, and at least 9 years old to reach Level 10.\\nYou’ll need to meet minimum proficiency and mobility scores at each of these levels before you can advance to the next level.\\nLevel 10 is the highest level you can reach before you’re considered an elite gymnast.\\n4. Advancing to Elite through a TOPS/Hopes Program\\n4-1. Try out for a TOPS program for special Pre-Elite training if you’re age 7-10.\\nThe TOPS program is a special USA Gymnastics program for skilled young Junior Olympics gymnasts who are hoping to reach the Elite level. Talk to your coach about whether this program is a good fit for you. If so, you can participate in testing for TOPS, and if you qualify, you may be selected for special training and competitions to help you advance through the ranks.\\nThe state TOPS test happens in June and July, followed by the national TOPS test in October. If you qualify for TOPS, you’ll be invited to join a special training camp that takes place every December.\\nYou’ll be tested not only on your gymnastics skills, but also on your physical abilities (such as your ability to do a rope climb, do a press handstand, or perform leg lifts). The qualifying tests for TOPS vary based on your age.\\n4-2. Apply for a Hopes program if you’re 10-12 years old.\\nThe Hopes program is for highly skilled Junior Olympics gymnasts aged 10-12 who aren’t quite ready to move on to the elite level. Talk to your coach about trying out for one of these programs so that you can train and compete alongside the elite gymnasts on your team until you’re ready to move up to the elite level.\\nTo compete as a Hopes gymnast at the US Challenge, you’ll need to earn a compulsory score of 32.0 and an optional score of 46.5 at a regional or national competition.\\n4-3. Talk to your coach about trying out for the Elite program.\\nAs a TOPS or Hopes gymnast, you’ll have opportunities to test for the elite program at the regional and national level. Work with your coach to figure out when you’re ready to participate in the national qualifiers.\\nIf you’re moving into a junior elite program (for gymnasts aged 11-15) from TOPS or Hopes, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory score and a 53.0 optional score to qualify for the Classics. To qualify for the USA’s, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory and a 54.0 optional score.\\n4-4. Compete in regional and national championships at the higher levels.\\nOnce you reach Levels 8-10, you’ll have more competitive opportunities than at the earlier levels. These include championship competitions at the regional and national levels. Talk to your coach about how to complete the requirements for entering these competitions.\\nThese larger competitions will require you to do more difficult routines and will be judged according to a different set of standards from lower-level competitions.\\nThe rules for Level 8-10 competitions are based on international guidelines set by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.\\n4-5. Participate in an elite qualifying competition.\\nOnce you successfully master the Pre-Elite skill set, you can try out for the Elite Program. Work with your coach to prepare for the qualifying competitions, which will consist of both compulsory and optional routines.\\nThe specific scores you’ll need to achieve at each qualifying event will depend on your age group and which types of qualifying events you participate in.\\nYou must be 11-15 years old to become a Junior Elite gymnast, and 16 years or older to become a Senior Elite gymnast.\\nOnce you become an Elite gymnast, you may qualify to join the National Team and participate in international competitions.\\n5. Supporting Your Training\\n5-1. Set SMART goals\\nYou can make a big dream like becoming an elite gymnast feel more manageable by breaking it down into smaller, shorter-term goals. Set goals for your training that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound.\\nFor example, you might have a big goal of reaching Level 5 by the end of the year. You can split this up into smaller goals, such as practicing a move on the bars a certain number of hours per week or perfecting your split jump by the end of the month.\\nYour coach can help you set realistic and helpful goals for your training based on your strengths and current skill level.\\n5-2. Practice self-care to prevent burnout.\\nBeing an elite gymnast is very difficult, and it’s easy to get burnt out and lose your sense of joy in the sport. To keep this from happening, care for yourself physically and emotionally. Some ways to care for yourself include:\\n\\nSpending time with supportive friends and family\\nEating nutritious meals\\nGetting plenty of sleep\\nDoing relaxing activities, like watching TV, reading, or doing creative projects\\n5-3. Work with your doctor or a nutritionist to maintain a healthy diet.\\nGetting the right nutrition can be challenging when you’re training to be an elite gymnast. Talk to your coach, doctor, and a nutritionist or dietitian about what you should be eating to manage your weight in a healthy way and get the nutrients you need.\\nMost gymnasts need a diet rich in carbohydrates and protein in order to maintain energy and build strong muscles during training. However, the exact type of diet you need might vary depending on your style of gymnastics.\\nMake sure you also eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats (like those found in fish, nuts and seeds, and vegetable oils) in order to get all the vitamins and minerals you need.\\n5-4. Apply for a financial assistance grant to help pay for training.\\nCompetitive gymnastics training can be very expensive. Between the cost of tuition, equipment, travel, and other expenses and fees, you and your family can end up paying up to $15,000 per year. If you aren’t able to afford the costs of your training, try applying for grants, such as the Acrobatic Gymnastics Foundation’s Athlete Assistance Grant.\\nIf you’re not sure how to apply, ask your coach if they can help.\\nIf you don’t qualify for a grant, consider raising funds from family and friends through a crowdfunding platform, such as GoFundMe or MakeAChamp.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’ve ever watched gymnasts performing amazing feats at the Olympics, you may have dreamed of competing at the elite level. Becoming an elite gymnast is difficult, but you can achieve it if you’re able to put in the time and dedication to master the basic skills and move up through the ranks. Start by finding a gym in your area with a gymnastics program that can train you to the elite level. Be ready to put in long hours and set realistic goals for yourself. Don’t forget to take time to relax and care for your mind and body so you don’t burn out!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding a Gym\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a gym with gymnastics governing body membership.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to train to the elite level, it’s important to find a gym that meets the right standards of excellence and offers the right kind of training. Check that the gym is a member of your country’s national governing body for competitive gymnastics, such as USA Gymnastics in the U.S.\\nMost national gymnastics governing bodies are affiliated with FIG (Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique), the international governing body for competitive gymnastics.\\nIf you live in the U.S., you can find USA Gymnastics member gyms by using the USA Gymnastics search directory: https://usagym.org/pages/find/gym.html.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask other gymnasts or gymnastics parents for recommendations.\", \"描述\": \"If you know anyone else who does gymnastics, they may be able to recommend a great gym or coach in your area. You can also try asking a coach at your school for recommendations. When you visit a potential gym, chat with other gymnasts or their parents to find out if they like the program.\\nExplain that you’re interested in serious, competitive training and would like to reach the elite level. That way, you’re more likely to get recommendations for gyms that have competitive rather than informal or recreational programs.\\nIf you don’t know anyone who does gymnastics, read online reviews of gymnastics programs in your area.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Bring a list of questions to ask the gym staff.\", \"描述\": \"Before you visit a gym, write out a list of questions about their gymnastics program. This will help you get an idea of what you’re getting into and how well the gym can meet your needs. Some good questions to ask include:\\nHow often do your classes meet, and how long are they?\\nHow much do the classes cost?\\nCan I try out a class or try working with a couple different instructors to make sure I like them before signing up?\\nWhat curriculum do you follow?\\nDo you train gymnasts for elite-level competitions?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Visit the gym to make sure it has a range of well-maintained training equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Before you sign up for a gymnastics program, stop by the gym and ask to have a tour of the gymnastics training facilities. Take a look around and make sure that:\\nThe equipment looks clean and is in good shape\\nThere’s a wide variety of training equipment, such as vaults, bars, trampolines, pits, and tumble tracks\\nThere are mats, spotting belts, and other safety equipment in place\\nThe gym is well-lit and there are viewing areas for parents who want to keep an eye on their kids’ training\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch a class in action to see if it meets your needs.\", \"描述\": \"If the gym looks good, ask if you can sit in on a class to see what it’s like. Check that the coaches and staff seem engaged, friendly, and concerned about the gymnasts’ wellbeing. You can also get a sense of whether the gymnasts are enjoying themselves.\\nPay attention to things like the number of gymnasts in the class and the range of ages and experience levels among the gymnasts. You’ll probably get better training if the classes are small and you’re with other gymnasts at a similar age and skill level.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Meet the coaches and staff to get a sense of what they’re like.\", \"描述\": \"Before you sign up, chat with coaches and other staff members you might be working with. Make sure they seem committed to safety and that they’re willing to help you set good goals for yourself as you train to the elite level.\\nLet them know that you’re interested in becoming elite and ask how they train gymnasts who are interested in serious competitive training.\\nTrust your instincts and don’t be afraid to try working with a couple different coaches until you find the right one for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting to Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start training as young as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Technically, there’s no maximum age limit for becoming an elite gymnast. You can start any of the training levels at any age at or above the minimum age requirement. However, it’s no secret that younger, smaller gymnasts have an advantage. In order to build the skills you need to become an elite gymnast while you’re still in your teens, start training while you’re a child if you can.\\nOn average, elite gymnasts start training at around 4 years of age. Some, such as Simone Biles, start as late as age 6, while others may start training as young as 2 or even 1!\\nChildren can start learning the fundamental skills for gymnastics as young as 2-3 years old. However, many programs require that kids are at least 6 years old before they begin training for serious competitions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to train at least 30 hours a week.\", \"描述\": \"Elite gymnasts have to put in serious training time in order to stay in shape and keep their skills sharp. While the exact number of hours you’ll need to spend training aren’t set in stone, most elite gymnasts train for about 30 hours each week. Gradually increase the hours you spend in the gym as you advance through the different training levels.\\nWhen you first begin training, you might start out at about 6-8 hours a week, depending on your age, your training program, and how much time you have.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Master the basic gymnastics skills.\", \"描述\": \"While flashy, advanced gymnastics skills might seem more exciting and impressive, they’re all built on a solid foundation of more basic skills. Focus on being able to do the simple, foundational skills before you try to learn anything fancy. Some good starting skills to learn include:\\nHandstands\\nCasting\\nSplits\\nHandsprings\\nRoundoffs\\nTurns\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Incorporate strength training into your routine.\", \"描述\": \"It takes a lot of strength to perform elite-level gymnastics. Gymnastics coaches use special strength training routines that are ideal for gymnasts. Talk to your coach about which exercises can help maximize your strength without causing your muscles to become too big. Your routine might include exercises like:\\nHandstand pushups and presses\\nStraight arm lat pulldowns\\nCasting to a handstand\\nFlys\\nPull-ups\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stretch regularly to improve your flexibility.\", \"描述\": \"Being flexible is another key to success as a gymnast. To keep your joints and muscles limber, add stretches and range-of-motion exercises to your regular workout routine. Ask your coach to help you choose stretches that will be safe and helpful for you.\\nBefore you start stretching, warm up your joints by moving them slowly in a circle, both clockwise and counter-clockwise.\\nDo static stretches, in which you hold a stretch for about 10 seconds, to help loosen your muscles and prevent strains and sprains.\\nDo dynamic stretches, such as kicks or lunges, to help warm up your muscles and improve your circulation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Progressing through the Ranks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a Junior Olympics (JO) program.\", \"描述\": \"The Junior Olympics program is a training program with several levels. In this program, you will master the basic skills you need at each level to advance to the next stage of your training. Once you pass Level 10 in the Junior Olympics program, you can start training as an elite gymnast. Look for a gym in your area that offers a JO program.\\n“Elite” is the highest rank you can achieve in a JO program. Level 10 gymnasts are considered “Pre-Elite.”\\nOther types of training programs, such as the USA Gymnastics Xcel program, are designed to help you build similar skills. However, the Xcel program does not train gymnasts at the elite level.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop foundational skills in levels 1-3.\", \"描述\": \"During the first 3 levels of the JO program, you’ll learn the basic “compulsory” skills that form the foundation of more advanced gymnastics. If you want, you can start competing with other gymnasts in your age group once you reach Level 3.\\nGymnasts need to be at least 6 years old before they can qualify for Level 3.\\nSome Level 3 gymnastics skills include handstands, pullovers, a leap with a 90° split, and round-off back handsprings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start competing for state championships at Levels 4-5.\", \"描述\": \"In Levels 4-5, you’ll build on the standard skills that you started learning in Levels 1-3. Start signing up for serious state and regional competitions once you reach these levels so that you can build your confidence and prepare for the intense competitiveness of the elite level.\\nA gymnast has to be at least 7 years old to graduate to Level 4 or 5.\\nYou’ll also need to meet certain prerequisites before you can reach these levels, such as a 75% proficiency level at Level 3 vault, bars, beam, and floor skills, and a mobility score of 34.00 AA.\\nSome Level 4-5 skills include front handsprings, kips, sole circles, 150° split leaps, and saddle jumps.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work with your coach to create optional routines at levels 6-10.\", \"描述\": \"During the first 5 levels, you’ll be practicing standardized skills and routines that are required for all gymnasts. Once you get into the upper levels, however, you’ll need to start developing your own routines that show off your special strengths. These are called “optional” routines. Talk to your coach about how to put together a competitive routine while continuing to build your compulsory skills.\\nYou have to be at least 8 years old to reach Level 8, and at least 9 years old to reach Level 10.\\nYou’ll need to meet minimum proficiency and mobility scores at each of these levels before you can advance to the next level.\\nLevel 10 is the highest level you can reach before you’re considered an elite gymnast.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Advancing to Elite through a TOPS/Hopes Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try out for a TOPS program for special Pre-Elite training if you’re age 7-10.\", \"描述\": \"The TOPS program is a special USA Gymnastics program for skilled young Junior Olympics gymnasts who are hoping to reach the Elite level. Talk to your coach about whether this program is a good fit for you. If so, you can participate in testing for TOPS, and if you qualify, you may be selected for special training and competitions to help you advance through the ranks.\\nThe state TOPS test happens in June and July, followed by the national TOPS test in October. If you qualify for TOPS, you’ll be invited to join a special training camp that takes place every December.\\nYou’ll be tested not only on your gymnastics skills, but also on your physical abilities (such as your ability to do a rope climb, do a press handstand, or perform leg lifts). The qualifying tests for TOPS vary based on your age.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a Hopes program if you’re 10-12 years old.\", \"描述\": \"The Hopes program is for highly skilled Junior Olympics gymnasts aged 10-12 who aren’t quite ready to move on to the elite level. Talk to your coach about trying out for one of these programs so that you can train and compete alongside the elite gymnasts on your team until you’re ready to move up to the elite level.\\nTo compete as a Hopes gymnast at the US Challenge, you’ll need to earn a compulsory score of 32.0 and an optional score of 46.5 at a regional or national competition.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to your coach about trying out for the Elite program.\", \"描述\": \"As a TOPS or Hopes gymnast, you’ll have opportunities to test for the elite program at the regional and national level. Work with your coach to figure out when you’re ready to participate in the national qualifiers.\\nIf you’re moving into a junior elite program (for gymnasts aged 11-15) from TOPS or Hopes, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory score and a 53.0 optional score to qualify for the Classics. To qualify for the USA’s, you’ll need a 35.0 compulsory and a 54.0 optional score.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Compete in regional and national championships at the higher levels.\", \"描述\": \"Once you reach Levels 8-10, you’ll have more competitive opportunities than at the earlier levels. These include championship competitions at the regional and national levels. Talk to your coach about how to complete the requirements for entering these competitions.\\nThese larger competitions will require you to do more difficult routines and will be judged according to a different set of standards from lower-level competitions.\\nThe rules for Level 8-10 competitions are based on international guidelines set by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Participate in an elite qualifying competition.\", \"描述\": \"Once you successfully master the Pre-Elite skill set, you can try out for the Elite Program. Work with your coach to prepare for the qualifying competitions, which will consist of both compulsory and optional routines.\\nThe specific scores you’ll need to achieve at each qualifying event will depend on your age group and which types of qualifying events you participate in.\\nYou must be 11-15 years old to become a Junior Elite gymnast, and 16 years or older to become a Senior Elite gymnast.\\nOnce you become an Elite gymnast, you may qualify to join the National Team and participate in international competitions.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Supporting Your Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set SMART goals\", \"描述\": \"You can make a big dream like becoming an elite gymnast feel more manageable by breaking it down into smaller, shorter-term goals. Set goals for your training that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound.\\nFor example, you might have a big goal of reaching Level 5 by the end of the year. You can split this up into smaller goals, such as practicing a move on the bars a certain number of hours per week or perfecting your split jump by the end of the month.\\nYour coach can help you set realistic and helpful goals for your training based on your strengths and current skill level.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice self-care to prevent burnout.\", \"描述\": \"Being an elite gymnast is very difficult, and it’s easy to get burnt out and lose your sense of joy in the sport. To keep this from happening, care for yourself physically and emotionally. Some ways to care for yourself include:\\n\\nSpending time with supportive friends and family\\nEating nutritious meals\\nGetting plenty of sleep\\nDoing relaxing activities, like watching TV, reading, or doing creative projects\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work with your doctor or a nutritionist to maintain a healthy diet.\", \"描述\": \"Getting the right nutrition can be challenging when you’re training to be an elite gymnast. Talk to your coach, doctor, and a nutritionist or dietitian about what you should be eating to manage your weight in a healthy way and get the nutrients you need.\\nMost gymnasts need a diet rich in carbohydrates and protein in order to maintain energy and build strong muscles during training. However, the exact type of diet you need might vary depending on your style of gymnastics.\\nMake sure you also eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats (like those found in fish, nuts and seeds, and vegetable oils) in order to get all the vitamins and minerals you need.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for a financial assistance grant to help pay for training.\", \"描述\": \"Competitive gymnastics training can be very expensive. Between the cost of tuition, equipment, travel, and other expenses and fees, you and your family can end up paying up to $15,000 per year. If you aren’t able to afford the costs of your training, try applying for grants, such as the Acrobatic Gymnastics Foundation’s Athlete Assistance Grant.\\nIf you’re not sure how to apply, ask your coach if they can help.\\nIf you don’t qualify for a grant, consider raising funds from family and friends through a crowdfunding platform, such as GoFundMe or MakeAChamp.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,983 |
How to Become an Elite Member of Yelp
|
1. Creating an Authentic Profile
1-1. Check that you meet the requirements for being an elite member.
While most users are eligible, there are a few requirements for all elite members. Yelp wants an elite squad that can provide thorough, unbiased reviews. Make sure that all of the following criteria apply to you:
You’re of legal drinking age.
You aren’t affiliated with any local businesses.
You don’t work for a Yelp competitor.
1-2. Use your real name in your profile for transparency.
Yelp requires that you use your actual name on your profile if you want to join the elite squad. Being open and honest about your true identity helps users trust your reviews. Enter your real first and last name on your profile page.
Only your first name and last initial will show.
1-3. Choose a profile picture that clearly shows your face.
Posting a photo of yourself helps users identify with you. Additionally, seeing your face next to your review makes you seem more trustworthy. Pick a well-lit photo that shows off your face and your personality.
For instance, you might post a photo of you at a music festival or a photo of you on a trail during a hike.
2. Writing Reviews
2-1. Post a review at least once a week so your account is active.
To get elite member status, you must write a lot of reviews. Additionally, you’ll need to keep your account active. However, Yelp doesn’t set a specific goal for the numbers of reviews you're expected to submit. To keep yourself on track for elite status, post a minimum of 1 review each week so you’re accumulating reviews and staying active.
If your account is new, you might post more often so you can build up your review list. However, make sure all of your reviews are thorough. A handful of detailed reviews is better than a ton of short, unhelpful reviews.
2-2. Use descriptive and engaging writing in your reviews.
Describe your experience at the business or location you’re reviewing. Provide details about the food or services, the decor, and the people who work there. Additionally, let readers see your personality so other Yelpers feel like they’re getting a review from a friend.
As an example, you might write this review for a local ice cream shop: “As soon as I opened the door, the scent of strawberries, pistachios, and vanilla swept over me. An ice cream scooper named Claire gave me a warm welcome and encouraged me to sample the 9 flavors they were featuring that day. I tried the pistachio, gingerbread, and mint chip, deciding on the mint chip. My friend and I decided to eat inside the creamery because the space is so inviting. The walls are painted a pale lavender, and works by local artists are displayed in gallery-style groupings. The ice cream is to-die-for, so I’ll definitely be returning soon!”
2-3. Add photos after you post your reviews to make them more helpful.
Reviews with photos attract more views. Additionally, other users are more likely to find your reviews helpful if you include photos. Photograph the attractive features in the establishment, as well as any products you purchase. After you post a review, add photos by going to the business or organization’s page and clicking on “add photo.” Drag the photo you want to add to the Yelp page and it will automatically upload and post to your review.
Add 1-3 photos to each Yelp review.
You don’t need to be on your review to add the photo to it. If you upload the photo to the business or organization’s page, Yelp automatically adds it to the review you submitted.
2-4. Review lesser-known businesses to help community members learn about them.
Yelp expects their elite squad to help other community members find unique and out-of-the-way places. Visit new organizations and businesses when they open. Additionally, search for unique or off-the-beaten-path locations to review. This will make you seem like an “insider,” which could earn you elite status.
For instance, you might check local news sites for press releases about business openings so you can visit in the first 2 weeks.
Similarly, ask your friends and family members for advice about their favorite unique places to visit so you can get ideas. You might also drive or walk around your city or town looking for new places to try.
2-5. Follow the Yelp terms of service and content guidelines.
Yelp elite squad members are held to a high standard. If you’re violating the site’s requirements, you likely won’t get awarded elite status or could lose your status after you attain it. Make sure you follow these guidelines:
Post unbiased reviews that are free of promotional content.
Keep your reviews focused on user experience, not concerns like employment practices.
Don’t include hate speech or illicit content in your reviews.
Protect the private information of employees and staff.
Don’t plagiarize someone else's review.
2-6. Don’t accept gifts or freebies in exchange for a good review.
While it’s okay to attend a free event for Yelp elite members, your reviews should always be fair and unbiased. Make it clear that you’ll be honest in your review before you accept free or discounted goods. Then, stick to your word so other Yelpers can trust you.
Your elite status may be revoked if you’re suspected of giving good reviews in exchange for freebies.
3. Building Your Visibility
3-1. Upvote helpful reviews from other users.
Look at the bottom of each review for buttons that say “useful,” “funny,” and “cool.” Use these buttons to vote on reviews you like. This will attract attention to your profile and help establish yourself as an active Yelp member.
Make a habit of voting on reviews for places you visit. For instance, if you review a taco shop, read a few reviews written by other members and rate them.
3-2. Compliment other Yelp reviewers to make connections.
Look for the comment boxes under Yelp reviews written by other members. Write kind statements in the comment boxes on reviews you find helpful. Compliment the person’s descriptive details, tips, or insight.
You might write something like, “I love how you describe the interior! I’m definitely going to check this place out now,” or “Thanks for the awesome tips!”
3-3. Add tips to business and organization pages.
In addition to writing full reviews, Yelp encourages users to offer brief tips. Use tips to give your guidance on things like the best products or services a business offers, the best time to go, or which employees to ask for. On your mobile app, visit the Yelp page for a business or organization that you are familiar with. Then, click on ... if you’re on an Apple device or Overflow if you’re using an android. Select “tip” and enter your tip.
You could write a tip such as, "Arrive before 11:00 a.m. on weekends to avoid the brunch crowd," "Ask for the salsa verde instead of the salsa roja if you're ordering chicken enchiladas," or "Go on Tuesday nights if you enjoy live music."
You can only post tips in the Yelp mobile app. However, you can edit or delete the tip from either the mobile app or the website.
3-4. Check in to the places you visit.
Frequent check-ins show that you are active around your community. Since Yelp wants elite members to be knowledgeable about their city, this may help you gain elite status. Make a habit of checking in at the businesses and organizations you visit, even if you aren’t writing a review for that visit.
As an example, you might visit the same restaurant for brunch every Sunday. You likely won’t review it every time, but it’s still helpful to check in.
3-5. Friend other Yelp users to build your contact network.
Having friends on Yelp shows that you’re part of a larger community. To friend someone, visit their profile and click on “add friend.” The person can then “confirm” or “deny” your request. Add or accept up to 5,000 friends on Yelp.
Start with people you know in real life. Additionally, you might friend people who write reviews you enjoy or who frequent the same kinds of places you like to visit.
3-6. Interact with your community manager.
Although community managers don’t decide who gets Yelp elite status, they may be able to vouch for you. Comment on their reviews and give them compliments so they see you being active on the site or app. While there’s no guarantee this will help you get elite status, it might boost your chance.
Don’t harass community managers or ask them to help you become an elite squad member. Keep your messages friendly.
4. Getting a Nomination
4-1. Log in to your Yelp account to access the nomination form.
Only members can submit nominations for the Yelp elite squad. Enter your username and password to log into your account. From there, you can access the nomination form.
4-2. Complete the Yelp elite squad nomination form on their website.
Click on the drop-down menu at the top of the form and select the city that’s closest to you. Then, enter your full name, your Yelp profile URL, and why you want to be a Yelp elite member.
If you can’t find a city near you listed, you can apply to be a national Yelp elite member.
You can find the form here: https://www.yelp.com/elite
4-3. Ask a friend to nominate you if you don’t want to do it yourself.
While you can nominate yourself, you may prefer to get a friend to do it to bolster your claim that you’re influential to other community members. Talk to your friend about why earning elite status is important to you. Then, request that they fill out the nomination form on the Yelp website.
Your friend can use the same form that you’d use to nominate yourself.
Tips
Remember to reapply for your Yelp elite status every year, as elite members are re-chosen annually.[20]
X
Research source
Once you attain elite status, continue to post frequent reviews. If your account becomes inactive, you may lose your elite status.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating an Authentic Profile\\n1-1. Check that you meet the requirements for being an elite member.\\nWhile most users are eligible, there are a few requirements for all elite members. Yelp wants an elite squad that can provide thorough, unbiased reviews. Make sure that all of the following criteria apply to you:\\nYou’re of legal drinking age.\\nYou aren’t affiliated with any local businesses.\\nYou don’t work for a Yelp competitor.\\n1-2. Use your real name in your profile for transparency.\\nYelp requires that you use your actual name on your profile if you want to join the elite squad. Being open and honest about your true identity helps users trust your reviews. Enter your real first and last name on your profile page.\\nOnly your first name and last initial will show.\\n1-3. Choose a profile picture that clearly shows your face.\\nPosting a photo of yourself helps users identify with you. Additionally, seeing your face next to your review makes you seem more trustworthy. Pick a well-lit photo that shows off your face and your personality.\\nFor instance, you might post a photo of you at a music festival or a photo of you on a trail during a hike.\\n2. Writing Reviews\\n2-1. Post a review at least once a week so your account is active.\\nTo get elite member status, you must write a lot of reviews. Additionally, you’ll need to keep your account active. However, Yelp doesn’t set a specific goal for the numbers of reviews you're expected to submit. To keep yourself on track for elite status, post a minimum of 1 review each week so you’re accumulating reviews and staying active.\\nIf your account is new, you might post more often so you can build up your review list. However, make sure all of your reviews are thorough. A handful of detailed reviews is better than a ton of short, unhelpful reviews.\\n2-2. Use descriptive and engaging writing in your reviews.\\nDescribe your experience at the business or location you’re reviewing. Provide details about the food or services, the decor, and the people who work there. Additionally, let readers see your personality so other Yelpers feel like they’re getting a review from a friend.\\nAs an example, you might write this review for a local ice cream shop: “As soon as I opened the door, the scent of strawberries, pistachios, and vanilla swept over me. An ice cream scooper named Claire gave me a warm welcome and encouraged me to sample the 9 flavors they were featuring that day. I tried the pistachio, gingerbread, and mint chip, deciding on the mint chip. My friend and I decided to eat inside the creamery because the space is so inviting. The walls are painted a pale lavender, and works by local artists are displayed in gallery-style groupings. The ice cream is to-die-for, so I’ll definitely be returning soon!”\\n2-3. Add photos after you post your reviews to make them more helpful.\\nReviews with photos attract more views. Additionally, other users are more likely to find your reviews helpful if you include photos. Photograph the attractive features in the establishment, as well as any products you purchase. After you post a review, add photos by going to the business or organization’s page and clicking on “add photo.” Drag the photo you want to add to the Yelp page and it will automatically upload and post to your review.\\nAdd 1-3 photos to each Yelp review.\\nYou don’t need to be on your review to add the photo to it. If you upload the photo to the business or organization’s page, Yelp automatically adds it to the review you submitted.\\n2-4. Review lesser-known businesses to help community members learn about them.\\nYelp expects their elite squad to help other community members find unique and out-of-the-way places. Visit new organizations and businesses when they open. Additionally, search for unique or off-the-beaten-path locations to review. This will make you seem like an “insider,” which could earn you elite status.\\nFor instance, you might check local news sites for press releases about business openings so you can visit in the first 2 weeks.\\nSimilarly, ask your friends and family members for advice about their favorite unique places to visit so you can get ideas. You might also drive or walk around your city or town looking for new places to try.\\n2-5. Follow the Yelp terms of service and content guidelines.\\nYelp elite squad members are held to a high standard. If you’re violating the site’s requirements, you likely won’t get awarded elite status or could lose your status after you attain it. Make sure you follow these guidelines:\\nPost unbiased reviews that are free of promotional content.\\nKeep your reviews focused on user experience, not concerns like employment practices.\\nDon’t include hate speech or illicit content in your reviews.\\nProtect the private information of employees and staff.\\nDon’t plagiarize someone else's review.\\n2-6. Don’t accept gifts or freebies in exchange for a good review.\\nWhile it’s okay to attend a free event for Yelp elite members, your reviews should always be fair and unbiased. Make it clear that you’ll be honest in your review before you accept free or discounted goods. Then, stick to your word so other Yelpers can trust you.\\nYour elite status may be revoked if you’re suspected of giving good reviews in exchange for freebies.\\n3. Building Your Visibility\\n3-1. Upvote helpful reviews from other users.\\nLook at the bottom of each review for buttons that say “useful,” “funny,” and “cool.” Use these buttons to vote on reviews you like. This will attract attention to your profile and help establish yourself as an active Yelp member.\\nMake a habit of voting on reviews for places you visit. For instance, if you review a taco shop, read a few reviews written by other members and rate them.\\n3-2. Compliment other Yelp reviewers to make connections.\\nLook for the comment boxes under Yelp reviews written by other members. Write kind statements in the comment boxes on reviews you find helpful. Compliment the person’s descriptive details, tips, or insight.\\nYou might write something like, “I love how you describe the interior! I’m definitely going to check this place out now,” or “Thanks for the awesome tips!”\\n3-3. Add tips to business and organization pages.\\nIn addition to writing full reviews, Yelp encourages users to offer brief tips. Use tips to give your guidance on things like the best products or services a business offers, the best time to go, or which employees to ask for. On your mobile app, visit the Yelp page for a business or organization that you are familiar with. Then, click on ... if you’re on an Apple device or Overflow if you’re using an android. Select “tip” and enter your tip.\\nYou could write a tip such as, \\\"Arrive before 11:00 a.m. on weekends to avoid the brunch crowd,\\\" \\\"Ask for the salsa verde instead of the salsa roja if you're ordering chicken enchiladas,\\\" or \\\"Go on Tuesday nights if you enjoy live music.\\\"\\nYou can only post tips in the Yelp mobile app. However, you can edit or delete the tip from either the mobile app or the website.\\n3-4. Check in to the places you visit.\\nFrequent check-ins show that you are active around your community. Since Yelp wants elite members to be knowledgeable about their city, this may help you gain elite status. Make a habit of checking in at the businesses and organizations you visit, even if you aren’t writing a review for that visit.\\nAs an example, you might visit the same restaurant for brunch every Sunday. You likely won’t review it every time, but it’s still helpful to check in.\\n3-5. Friend other Yelp users to build your contact network.\\nHaving friends on Yelp shows that you’re part of a larger community. To friend someone, visit their profile and click on “add friend.” The person can then “confirm” or “deny” your request. Add or accept up to 5,000 friends on Yelp.\\nStart with people you know in real life. Additionally, you might friend people who write reviews you enjoy or who frequent the same kinds of places you like to visit.\\n3-6. Interact with your community manager.\\nAlthough community managers don’t decide who gets Yelp elite status, they may be able to vouch for you. Comment on their reviews and give them compliments so they see you being active on the site or app. While there’s no guarantee this will help you get elite status, it might boost your chance.\\nDon’t harass community managers or ask them to help you become an elite squad member. Keep your messages friendly.\\n4. Getting a Nomination\\n4-1. Log in to your Yelp account to access the nomination form.\\nOnly members can submit nominations for the Yelp elite squad. Enter your username and password to log into your account. From there, you can access the nomination form.\\n4-2. Complete the Yelp elite squad nomination form on their website.\\nClick on the drop-down menu at the top of the form and select the city that’s closest to you. Then, enter your full name, your Yelp profile URL, and why you want to be a Yelp elite member.\\nIf you can’t find a city near you listed, you can apply to be a national Yelp elite member.\\nYou can find the form here: https://www.yelp.com/elite\\n4-3. Ask a friend to nominate you if you don’t want to do it yourself.\\nWhile you can nominate yourself, you may prefer to get a friend to do it to bolster your claim that you’re influential to other community members. Talk to your friend about why earning elite status is important to you. Then, request that they fill out the nomination form on the Yelp website.\\nYour friend can use the same form that you’d use to nominate yourself.\\nTips\\nRemember to reapply for your Yelp elite status every year, as elite members are re-chosen annually.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nOnce you attain elite status, continue to post frequent reviews. If your account becomes inactive, you may lose your elite status.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As a member of the Yelp elite squad, you’ll earn a special badge for your profile and may get invited to special events for Yelp elite members. Additionally, community members will know they can trust your ideas and insights, so your reviews may get more views. Since elite status is limited to a few Yelpers, it’s not easy to obtain. Fortunately, you can increase your chances of achieving elite status by being active on Yelp.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating an Authentic Profile\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check that you meet the requirements for being an elite member.\", \"描述\": \"While most users are eligible, there are a few requirements for all elite members. Yelp wants an elite squad that can provide thorough, unbiased reviews. Make sure that all of the following criteria apply to you:\\nYou’re of legal drinking age.\\nYou aren’t affiliated with any local businesses.\\nYou don’t work for a Yelp competitor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use your real name in your profile for transparency.\", \"描述\": \"Yelp requires that you use your actual name on your profile if you want to join the elite squad. Being open and honest about your true identity helps users trust your reviews. Enter your real first and last name on your profile page.\\nOnly your first name and last initial will show.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose a profile picture that clearly shows your face.\", \"描述\": \"Posting a photo of yourself helps users identify with you. Additionally, seeing your face next to your review makes you seem more trustworthy. Pick a well-lit photo that shows off your face and your personality.\\nFor instance, you might post a photo of you at a music festival or a photo of you on a trail during a hike.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing Reviews\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Post a review at least once a week so your account is active.\", \"描述\": \"To get elite member status, you must write a lot of reviews. Additionally, you’ll need to keep your account active. However, Yelp doesn’t set a specific goal for the numbers of reviews you're expected to submit. To keep yourself on track for elite status, post a minimum of 1 review each week so you’re accumulating reviews and staying active.\\nIf your account is new, you might post more often so you can build up your review list. However, make sure all of your reviews are thorough. A handful of detailed reviews is better than a ton of short, unhelpful reviews.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use descriptive and engaging writing in your reviews.\", \"描述\": \"Describe your experience at the business or location you’re reviewing. Provide details about the food or services, the decor, and the people who work there. Additionally, let readers see your personality so other Yelpers feel like they’re getting a review from a friend.\\nAs an example, you might write this review for a local ice cream shop: “As soon as I opened the door, the scent of strawberries, pistachios, and vanilla swept over me. An ice cream scooper named Claire gave me a warm welcome and encouraged me to sample the 9 flavors they were featuring that day. I tried the pistachio, gingerbread, and mint chip, deciding on the mint chip. My friend and I decided to eat inside the creamery because the space is so inviting. The walls are painted a pale lavender, and works by local artists are displayed in gallery-style groupings. The ice cream is to-die-for, so I’ll definitely be returning soon!”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add photos after you post your reviews to make them more helpful.\", \"描述\": \"Reviews with photos attract more views. Additionally, other users are more likely to find your reviews helpful if you include photos. Photograph the attractive features in the establishment, as well as any products you purchase. After you post a review, add photos by going to the business or organization’s page and clicking on “add photo.” Drag the photo you want to add to the Yelp page and it will automatically upload and post to your review.\\nAdd 1-3 photos to each Yelp review.\\nYou don’t need to be on your review to add the photo to it. If you upload the photo to the business or organization’s page, Yelp automatically adds it to the review you submitted.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Review lesser-known businesses to help community members learn about them.\", \"描述\": \"Yelp expects their elite squad to help other community members find unique and out-of-the-way places. Visit new organizations and businesses when they open. Additionally, search for unique or off-the-beaten-path locations to review. This will make you seem like an “insider,” which could earn you elite status.\\nFor instance, you might check local news sites for press releases about business openings so you can visit in the first 2 weeks.\\nSimilarly, ask your friends and family members for advice about their favorite unique places to visit so you can get ideas. You might also drive or walk around your city or town looking for new places to try.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow the Yelp terms of service and content guidelines.\", \"描述\": \"Yelp elite squad members are held to a high standard. If you’re violating the site’s requirements, you likely won’t get awarded elite status or could lose your status after you attain it. Make sure you follow these guidelines:\\nPost unbiased reviews that are free of promotional content.\\nKeep your reviews focused on user experience, not concerns like employment practices.\\nDon’t include hate speech or illicit content in your reviews.\\nProtect the private information of employees and staff.\\nDon’t plagiarize someone else's review.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don’t accept gifts or freebies in exchange for a good review.\", \"描述\": \"While it’s okay to attend a free event for Yelp elite members, your reviews should always be fair and unbiased. Make it clear that you’ll be honest in your review before you accept free or discounted goods. Then, stick to your word so other Yelpers can trust you.\\nYour elite status may be revoked if you’re suspected of giving good reviews in exchange for freebies.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Building Your Visibility\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Upvote helpful reviews from other users.\", \"描述\": \"Look at the bottom of each review for buttons that say “useful,” “funny,” and “cool.” Use these buttons to vote on reviews you like. This will attract attention to your profile and help establish yourself as an active Yelp member.\\nMake a habit of voting on reviews for places you visit. For instance, if you review a taco shop, read a few reviews written by other members and rate them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Compliment other Yelp reviewers to make connections.\", \"描述\": \"Look for the comment boxes under Yelp reviews written by other members. Write kind statements in the comment boxes on reviews you find helpful. Compliment the person’s descriptive details, tips, or insight.\\nYou might write something like, “I love how you describe the interior! I’m definitely going to check this place out now,” or “Thanks for the awesome tips!”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add tips to business and organization pages.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to writing full reviews, Yelp encourages users to offer brief tips. Use tips to give your guidance on things like the best products or services a business offers, the best time to go, or which employees to ask for. On your mobile app, visit the Yelp page for a business or organization that you are familiar with. Then, click on ... if you’re on an Apple device or Overflow if you’re using an android. Select “tip” and enter your tip.\\nYou could write a tip such as, \\\"Arrive before 11:00 a.m. on weekends to avoid the brunch crowd,\\\" \\\"Ask for the salsa verde instead of the salsa roja if you're ordering chicken enchiladas,\\\" or \\\"Go on Tuesday nights if you enjoy live music.\\\"\\nYou can only post tips in the Yelp mobile app. However, you can edit or delete the tip from either the mobile app or the website.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check in to the places you visit.\", \"描述\": \"Frequent check-ins show that you are active around your community. Since Yelp wants elite members to be knowledgeable about their city, this may help you gain elite status. Make a habit of checking in at the businesses and organizations you visit, even if you aren’t writing a review for that visit.\\nAs an example, you might visit the same restaurant for brunch every Sunday. You likely won’t review it every time, but it’s still helpful to check in.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Friend other Yelp users to build your contact network.\", \"描述\": \"Having friends on Yelp shows that you’re part of a larger community. To friend someone, visit their profile and click on “add friend.” The person can then “confirm” or “deny” your request. Add or accept up to 5,000 friends on Yelp.\\nStart with people you know in real life. Additionally, you might friend people who write reviews you enjoy or who frequent the same kinds of places you like to visit.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Interact with your community manager.\", \"描述\": \"Although community managers don’t decide who gets Yelp elite status, they may be able to vouch for you. Comment on their reviews and give them compliments so they see you being active on the site or app. While there’s no guarantee this will help you get elite status, it might boost your chance.\\nDon’t harass community managers or ask them to help you become an elite squad member. Keep your messages friendly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Getting a Nomination\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Log in to your Yelp account to access the nomination form.\", \"描述\": \"Only members can submit nominations for the Yelp elite squad. Enter your username and password to log into your account. From there, you can access the nomination form.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete the Yelp elite squad nomination form on their website.\", \"描述\": \"Click on the drop-down menu at the top of the form and select the city that’s closest to you. Then, enter your full name, your Yelp profile URL, and why you want to be a Yelp elite member.\\nIf you can’t find a city near you listed, you can apply to be a national Yelp elite member.\\nYou can find the form here: https://www.yelp.com/elite\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask a friend to nominate you if you don’t want to do it yourself.\", \"描述\": \"While you can nominate yourself, you may prefer to get a friend to do it to bolster your claim that you’re influential to other community members. Talk to your friend about why earning elite status is important to you. Then, request that they fill out the nomination form on the Yelp website.\\nYour friend can use the same form that you’d use to nominate yourself.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember to reapply for your Yelp elite status every year, as elite members are re-chosen annually.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Once you attain elite status, continue to post frequent reviews. If your account becomes inactive, you may lose your elite status.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,984 |
How to Become an Elite Nerf Soldier
|
1. Gathering the Equipment
1-1. Buy a Nerf gun,
The Super Drum/Villainator works well in intimidation, and is easy to load and shoot. Or, the Tomahawk, or Savage Spin works well. Choose anything that is handy.
1-2. Practice shooting and aiming at larger targets, then moving on to the smaller ones.
It is important to be able to work the gun, as well as the ability to use it properly, and to your advantage! You can use just about anything as a target, such as chalk on fence, or using old archery or rifle targets!
1-3. Assemble your full weapon arsenal.
You will at least need a pistol (a Blitzfire, Reflex 6, or Kronos, etc.), a rifle or two (Villainator, Saturn, Hypnos, Artemis, Hades, etc.), and a machine gun (Spectrum, Destructor, DartStorm, V-Twin, Perses, Hera, Nemesis, Khaos, etc.)
If you don't have a lot of nerf guns, practice with what you do have.
1-4. Create a gear pack, with 1 or 2 extra guns, easy-access bullets, water-bottles, some healthy food, spy-gear for indoor use, windbreaker, glasses, pocketknife, flashlight, gloves, hat, map of area, walkie-talkies, etc.
Find more stuff in the "Tips" section of this article.
2. Perfecting Your Skills
2-1. Train and aim first.
To do this, get familiar with your Nerf gun. Start with one first Nerf gun, and learn everything about it, knowing what direction it pulls to. Does it arc higher up or down?
2-2. Challenge yourself.
Use time trials to see how fast you can load, shoot, reload, etc.
2-3. Learn to shoot while running or doing an obstacle course.
Do both separately first, then try them together, slowly.
2-4. Train regularly.
Practice your aim, stealth,shooting while running, and sniping, among other things. You'll be swiftly killed in a Nerf war if you know nothing about defense or shooting, so practice often.
2-5. Have fun while perfecting your technique.
Unless you're enjoying yourself, it's not worth spending ages perfecting your skills. Inject lots of fun into the training and get to enjoy the feeling of hitting the desired target.
2-6. Stay fit.
Start by eating a healthy diet, with lots of vegetables and fruits. Sugars will make you crash and burn within 15 minutes, and you'll likely to get a headache . Avoid eating too much of them. After you've gotten your diet working, concentrate on exercise. When in battle, you may need to sprint or run for a long period of time, such a 10–20 minutes! Practice on a treadmill, and doing as many push-ups and sit-ups and jumping-jacks as possible.
2-7. Train yourself to become more agile and quiet, for these skills will help you in some sticky situations.
Begin with jumping over PVC Pipe hurtles, climbing trees, rolling, etc., and progress into walking silently and stealthily. Once mastered, try doing some of these while holding, and, if possible, firing the gun!
3. Figuring Out What You're Best At
Decide upon your role.
There are several different roles, including :
Melee Warriors, who use swords and axes in favor of blasters. They can take down enemies easily, but a well aimed shot is their downfall. They might carry a small sidearm.
Snipers, who use long-range rifles to shoot down enemies from behind cover.
Infantry, a warrior armed with a rifle and sidearm. These are the most numerous, and are well adapted to any situation.
Assassins, or spies. These can infiltrate the enemies base and quickly and silently take down an enemy or eavesdrop on their plans.
4. Developing a Base
4-1. Construct a base.
This is an important place because you will store your Weaponry and Ammunition here. Make sure it is well defended, because if the enemy team gets to it, they will have a bounty of items to use.
One idea is, to have a reliable easy security system. During a Nerf War, have at least one person who guards the fort.
Another good plan is to have other little bases in the area, so if you main base is captured by the enemy, you can retreat to a smaller base to regroup your team and nerf guns
4-2. Build a Nerf capitol!
This will be the main station for organizing campaigns, creating alliances, etc. If this falls to the enemy, you must have a secondary capitol, as well! Start with large cardboard boxes for indoors, and wood for outdoors! Also, cover cardboard with duct-tape to make it somewhat waterproof! Add a flag with a voted on sign, and a couple of windows with covers for rain and for ambushes! Add 2-4 cardboard boxes for turrets, with flags and holes for shooting.
4-3. Build “colonies”, of little bases to show territory, along with secondary and tertiary capitols!
You may want to also add little turrets (outposts.) in areas to secure, either keeping them empty and camouflaged for emergency use, or stationing units in them! Most outposts should be small, inexpensive, and pretty easy for the enemy to overcome. They are mostly used as warnings, and as emergency posts for the wounded/for cover.
4-4. Make all capitols and bases with supplies and a map pinned-up, so you can mark territory, mark where bases and units are staged, and present a battle-plan.
It's important to have supplies on hand in just about every station (including outposts.), because in the event of a siege, you can hold out for a longer period of time, with ammo, food, drinks, etc. Having communication devices are handy, as well, so you can call for back-up, or supplies, instantly.
5. Forming a Team and Developing Strategy
5-1. Assemble a team.
An ideal team should consist of a strategist, multiple soldiers, medic, assassin, machine gunner with an ammo carrier, and a sniper. Assign these roles to people based on their weapons.
You can have more than one of each, because some battles require more people, and you may need to change out overworked warriors.
5-2. Ensure that the team is reliable and that each member knows their roles and what they are good at.
You can train them yourself to fit your style of fighting, but at least consider their thoughts when they come to you. They may not be happy with their role or guns, so you have to listen to them. Your standard team should consist of as many people you can. This listing is assuming you have around ten people.
Have two-three Infantry. They are the backbone of your team. Their primary weapon should be either the Spectrum or Hera. They should preferably have the Kronos as their sidearm.
Have two Snipers. They should be armed with a Nexus Pro and a bi-pod and perhaps a scope, and should be sniping from some sort of cover.
Have two Scouts. They should be armed with two handguns, preferably Blitzfires for their power and easy prime. Scouts will go ahead on the battlefield to see what the enemy is doing.
You only need one Melee Warrior. They should be armed with the Nerf Warlock (a Battleaxe), the Nerf Marauder (a long sword), or Shadow Fury and Thunder Fury (twin swords). They might have a Storm Squad as their sidearm.
A tank is good as a battle opener or backup. You only need one Tank, but they should be equipped with heavy armor and at least three weapons. They will need a backpack or holster to carry it in. Good weapons are the V-Twin, Tomahawk, Savage Spin, Nemesis, Prometheus, Matrixfire, Commandfire, or Destructor.
The Assassin is the ultimate weapon in terms of hit-and-runs. They are good at stealth, and can spy, or infiltrate the enemy's base to silently take down an enemy warrior.
5-3. Form a strategy.
Make plans on how you will attack the enemy. Try to take them off-guard, and use the environment to your advantage. For instance, if you are fighting in a meadow, it would not be a good idea to try a Pincher movement since you would be in plain sight fairly quickly.
Think about the possibilities, the outcomes, and the consequences, but don't overthink; you need to be able to act quickly, even if it could end badly.
5-4. Use team members sparingly.
You should always have defenders at your base. If it is unguarded, as mentioned earlier, you will find your supplies depleted. A few can be scouts and try to find information about the enemy base.
5-5. Use strategy when attacked.
When it comes time to attack, make sure you stick to your strategy and that everyone is crystal clear on what to do. If there is a seed of doubt among your team, make sure that you clear it up.
5-6. Be a role model for your team.
Be supportive and always have their back. This will make you the ideal team player.
5-7. Create camouflage for your squad, with uniforms and I.D.
passes and other stuff for your squad! When using camouflage, try to use certain types for certain terrain; this will increase your invisibility. Uniforms are mostly used for meetings (without battling.), formations, and flat field battles (where there is no places to hide.). Uniforms are good because they act as identification of teammates and enemies. It's also pretty cool when all your friends are dressed in the same outfits; it's pretty intimidating, as well. I.D.'s are useful for basically just the fun of it.
5-8. Research Nerf Tactics, and know how all your gear works.
Plan out your stages of the battle, and ALWAYS have Plan A, B, C, and even D, in the event something goes terribly wrong.
5-9. Make sure parents/guardians know about everything, and know where to find you.
Safety always comes first, no matter what.
Tips
Try making a battle/tactic journal; it's basically a record of every battle, with every detail (like who was involved, what weapons were used, etc.). Then rank each battle/tactic/etc. This can help as advice in a tough battle; a.k.a. you reference back to it to see how you coped with similar scenarios.
Never give up.
Try using old locks you have to lock up the capitols, bases, colonies, and sentry towers from the enemy. Just remember to make a rule that there is no destroying a building, if you want to, at least!
Warnings
ALWAYS wear protection, at least on the eyes. A missile could hit you in the eye, and you don't want to have eye damage.
ALWAYS obey the law.
Safety always comes first! If nobody knows where you are, you could be lost and not be found for a day, or something else could happen, always come prepared.
Don't bluntly choose different roles each game.
Use your noggin', not your stupidity!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gathering the Equipment\\n1-1. Buy a Nerf gun,\\nThe Super Drum/Villainator works well in intimidation, and is easy to load and shoot. Or, the Tomahawk, or Savage Spin works well. Choose anything that is handy.\\n1-2. Practice shooting and aiming at larger targets, then moving on to the smaller ones.\\nIt is important to be able to work the gun, as well as the ability to use it properly, and to your advantage! You can use just about anything as a target, such as chalk on fence, or using old archery or rifle targets!\\n1-3. Assemble your full weapon arsenal.\\nYou will at least need a pistol (a Blitzfire, Reflex 6, or Kronos, etc.), a rifle or two (Villainator, Saturn, Hypnos, Artemis, Hades, etc.), and a machine gun (Spectrum, Destructor, DartStorm, V-Twin, Perses, Hera, Nemesis, Khaos, etc.)\\nIf you don't have a lot of nerf guns, practice with what you do have.\\n1-4. Create a gear pack, with 1 or 2 extra guns, easy-access bullets, water-bottles, some healthy food, spy-gear for indoor use, windbreaker, glasses, pocketknife, flashlight, gloves, hat, map of area, walkie-talkies, etc.\\nFind more stuff in the \\\"Tips\\\" section of this article.\\n2. Perfecting Your Skills\\n2-1. Train and aim first.\\nTo do this, get familiar with your Nerf gun. Start with one first Nerf gun, and learn everything about it, knowing what direction it pulls to. Does it arc higher up or down?\\n2-2. Challenge yourself.\\nUse time trials to see how fast you can load, shoot, reload, etc.\\n2-3. Learn to shoot while running or doing an obstacle course.\\nDo both separately first, then try them together, slowly.\\n2-4. Train regularly.\\nPractice your aim, stealth,shooting while running, and sniping, among other things. You'll be swiftly killed in a Nerf war if you know nothing about defense or shooting, so practice often.\\n2-5. Have fun while perfecting your technique.\\nUnless you're enjoying yourself, it's not worth spending ages perfecting your skills. Inject lots of fun into the training and get to enjoy the feeling of hitting the desired target.\\n2-6. Stay fit.\\nStart by eating a healthy diet, with lots of vegetables and fruits. Sugars will make you crash and burn within 15 minutes, and you'll likely to get a headache . Avoid eating too much of them. After you've gotten your diet working, concentrate on exercise. When in battle, you may need to sprint or run for a long period of time, such a 10–20 minutes! Practice on a treadmill, and doing as many push-ups and sit-ups and jumping-jacks as possible.\\n2-7. Train yourself to become more agile and quiet, for these skills will help you in some sticky situations.\\nBegin with jumping over PVC Pipe hurtles, climbing trees, rolling, etc., and progress into walking silently and stealthily. Once mastered, try doing some of these while holding, and, if possible, firing the gun!\\n3. Figuring Out What You're Best At\\nDecide upon your role.\\nThere are several different roles, including :\\nMelee Warriors, who use swords and axes in favor of blasters. They can take down enemies easily, but a well aimed shot is their downfall. They might carry a small sidearm.\\nSnipers, who use long-range rifles to shoot down enemies from behind cover.\\nInfantry, a warrior armed with a rifle and sidearm. These are the most numerous, and are well adapted to any situation.\\nAssassins, or spies. These can infiltrate the enemies base and quickly and silently take down an enemy or eavesdrop on their plans.\\n4. Developing a Base\\n4-1. Construct a base.\\nThis is an important place because you will store your Weaponry and Ammunition here. Make sure it is well defended, because if the enemy team gets to it, they will have a bounty of items to use.\\nOne idea is, to have a reliable easy security system. During a Nerf War, have at least one person who guards the fort.\\nAnother good plan is to have other little bases in the area, so if you main base is captured by the enemy, you can retreat to a smaller base to regroup your team and nerf guns\\n4-2. Build a Nerf capitol!\\nThis will be the main station for organizing campaigns, creating alliances, etc. If this falls to the enemy, you must have a secondary capitol, as well! Start with large cardboard boxes for indoors, and wood for outdoors! Also, cover cardboard with duct-tape to make it somewhat waterproof! Add a flag with a voted on sign, and a couple of windows with covers for rain and for ambushes! Add 2-4 cardboard boxes for turrets, with flags and holes for shooting.\\n4-3. Build “colonies”, of little bases to show territory, along with secondary and tertiary capitols!\\nYou may want to also add little turrets (outposts.) in areas to secure, either keeping them empty and camouflaged for emergency use, or stationing units in them! Most outposts should be small, inexpensive, and pretty easy for the enemy to overcome. They are mostly used as warnings, and as emergency posts for the wounded/for cover.\\n4-4. Make all capitols and bases with supplies and a map pinned-up, so you can mark territory, mark where bases and units are staged, and present a battle-plan.\\nIt's important to have supplies on hand in just about every station (including outposts.), because in the event of a siege, you can hold out for a longer period of time, with ammo, food, drinks, etc. Having communication devices are handy, as well, so you can call for back-up, or supplies, instantly.\\n5. Forming a Team and Developing Strategy\\n5-1. Assemble a team.\\nAn ideal team should consist of a strategist, multiple soldiers, medic, assassin, machine gunner with an ammo carrier, and a sniper. Assign these roles to people based on their weapons.\\nYou can have more than one of each, because some battles require more people, and you may need to change out overworked warriors.\\n5-2. Ensure that the team is reliable and that each member knows their roles and what they are good at.\\nYou can train them yourself to fit your style of fighting, but at least consider their thoughts when they come to you. They may not be happy with their role or guns, so you have to listen to them. Your standard team should consist of as many people you can. This listing is assuming you have around ten people.\\nHave two-three Infantry. They are the backbone of your team. Their primary weapon should be either the Spectrum or Hera. They should preferably have the Kronos as their sidearm.\\nHave two Snipers. They should be armed with a Nexus Pro and a bi-pod and perhaps a scope, and should be sniping from some sort of cover.\\nHave two Scouts. They should be armed with two handguns, preferably Blitzfires for their power and easy prime. Scouts will go ahead on the battlefield to see what the enemy is doing.\\nYou only need one Melee Warrior. They should be armed with the Nerf Warlock (a Battleaxe), the Nerf Marauder (a long sword), or Shadow Fury and Thunder Fury (twin swords). They might have a Storm Squad as their sidearm.\\nA tank is good as a battle opener or backup. You only need one Tank, but they should be equipped with heavy armor and at least three weapons. They will need a backpack or holster to carry it in. Good weapons are the V-Twin, Tomahawk, Savage Spin, Nemesis, Prometheus, Matrixfire, Commandfire, or Destructor.\\nThe Assassin is the ultimate weapon in terms of hit-and-runs. They are good at stealth, and can spy, or infiltrate the enemy's base to silently take down an enemy warrior.\\n5-3. Form a strategy.\\nMake plans on how you will attack the enemy. Try to take them off-guard, and use the environment to your advantage. For instance, if you are fighting in a meadow, it would not be a good idea to try a Pincher movement since you would be in plain sight fairly quickly.\\nThink about the possibilities, the outcomes, and the consequences, but don't overthink; you need to be able to act quickly, even if it could end badly.\\n5-4. Use team members sparingly.\\nYou should always have defenders at your base. If it is unguarded, as mentioned earlier, you will find your supplies depleted. A few can be scouts and try to find information about the enemy base.\\n5-5. Use strategy when attacked.\\nWhen it comes time to attack, make sure you stick to your strategy and that everyone is crystal clear on what to do. If there is a seed of doubt among your team, make sure that you clear it up.\\n5-6. Be a role model for your team.\\nBe supportive and always have their back. This will make you the ideal team player.\\n5-7. Create camouflage for your squad, with uniforms and I.D.\\npasses and other stuff for your squad! When using camouflage, try to use certain types for certain terrain; this will increase your invisibility. Uniforms are mostly used for meetings (without battling.), formations, and flat field battles (where there is no places to hide.). Uniforms are good because they act as identification of teammates and enemies. It's also pretty cool when all your friends are dressed in the same outfits; it's pretty intimidating, as well. I.D.'s are useful for basically just the fun of it.\\n5-8. Research Nerf Tactics, and know how all your gear works.\\nPlan out your stages of the battle, and ALWAYS have Plan A, B, C, and even D, in the event something goes terribly wrong.\\n5-9. Make sure parents/guardians know about everything, and know where to find you.\\nSafety always comes first, no matter what.\\nTips\\nTry making a battle/tactic journal; it's basically a record of every battle, with every detail (like who was involved, what weapons were used, etc.). Then rank each battle/tactic/etc. This can help as advice in a tough battle; a.k.a. you reference back to it to see how you coped with similar scenarios.\\nNever give up.\\nTry using old locks you have to lock up the capitols, bases, colonies, and sentry towers from the enemy. Just remember to make a rule that there is no destroying a building, if you want to, at least!\\nWarnings\\nALWAYS wear protection, at least on the eyes. A missile could hit you in the eye, and you don't want to have eye damage.\\nALWAYS obey the law.\\nSafety always comes first! If nobody knows where you are, you could be lost and not be found for a day, or something else could happen, always come prepared.\\nDon't bluntly choose different roles each game.\\nUse your noggin', not your stupidity!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Have you ever been in a Nerf war, and noticed that you absolutely stink at everything? Are you a newbie to Nerf, and want to find out the best way to learn the art? If you've answered \\\"Yes!\\\" to any of these questions or any questions that are related to these, you are in need of training to become an Elite Nerf Soldier!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gathering the Equipment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a Nerf gun,\", \"描述\": \"The Super Drum/Villainator works well in intimidation, and is easy to load and shoot. Or, the Tomahawk, or Savage Spin works well. Choose anything that is handy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice shooting and aiming at larger targets, then moving on to the smaller ones.\", \"描述\": \"It is important to be able to work the gun, as well as the ability to use it properly, and to your advantage! You can use just about anything as a target, such as chalk on fence, or using old archery or rifle targets!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assemble your full weapon arsenal.\", \"描述\": \"You will at least need a pistol (a Blitzfire, Reflex 6, or Kronos, etc.), a rifle or two (Villainator, Saturn, Hypnos, Artemis, Hades, etc.), and a machine gun (Spectrum, Destructor, DartStorm, V-Twin, Perses, Hera, Nemesis, Khaos, etc.)\\nIf you don't have a lot of nerf guns, practice with what you do have.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a gear pack, with 1 or 2 extra guns, easy-access bullets, water-bottles, some healthy food, spy-gear for indoor use, windbreaker, glasses, pocketknife, flashlight, gloves, hat, map of area, walkie-talkies, etc.\", \"描述\": \"Find more stuff in the \\\"Tips\\\" section of this article.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perfecting Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Train and aim first.\", \"描述\": \"To do this, get familiar with your Nerf gun. Start with one first Nerf gun, and learn everything about it, knowing what direction it pulls to. Does it arc higher up or down?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Challenge yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Use time trials to see how fast you can load, shoot, reload, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to shoot while running or doing an obstacle course.\", \"描述\": \"Do both separately first, then try them together, slowly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Train regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Practice your aim, stealth,shooting while running, and sniping, among other things. You'll be swiftly killed in a Nerf war if you know nothing about defense or shooting, so practice often.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have fun while perfecting your technique.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you're enjoying yourself, it's not worth spending ages perfecting your skills. Inject lots of fun into the training and get to enjoy the feeling of hitting the desired target.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Stay fit.\", \"描述\": \"Start by eating a healthy diet, with lots of vegetables and fruits. Sugars will make you crash and burn within 15 minutes, and you'll likely to get a headache . Avoid eating too much of them. After you've gotten your diet working, concentrate on exercise. When in battle, you may need to sprint or run for a long period of time, such a 10–20 minutes! Practice on a treadmill, and doing as many push-ups and sit-ups and jumping-jacks as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Train yourself to become more agile and quiet, for these skills will help you in some sticky situations.\", \"描述\": \"Begin with jumping over PVC Pipe hurtles, climbing trees, rolling, etc., and progress into walking silently and stealthily. Once mastered, try doing some of these while holding, and, if possible, firing the gun!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Figuring Out What You're Best At\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide upon your role.\", \"描述\": \"There are several different roles, including :\\nMelee Warriors, who use swords and axes in favor of blasters. They can take down enemies easily, but a well aimed shot is their downfall. They might carry a small sidearm.\\nSnipers, who use long-range rifles to shoot down enemies from behind cover.\\nInfantry, a warrior armed with a rifle and sidearm. These are the most numerous, and are well adapted to any situation.\\nAssassins, or spies. These can infiltrate the enemies base and quickly and silently take down an enemy or eavesdrop on their plans.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Developing a Base\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Construct a base.\", \"描述\": \"This is an important place because you will store your Weaponry and Ammunition here. Make sure it is well defended, because if the enemy team gets to it, they will have a bounty of items to use.\\nOne idea is, to have a reliable easy security system. During a Nerf War, have at least one person who guards the fort.\\nAnother good plan is to have other little bases in the area, so if you main base is captured by the enemy, you can retreat to a smaller base to regroup your team and nerf guns\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build a Nerf capitol!\", \"描述\": \"This will be the main station for organizing campaigns, creating alliances, etc. If this falls to the enemy, you must have a secondary capitol, as well! Start with large cardboard boxes for indoors, and wood for outdoors! Also, cover cardboard with duct-tape to make it somewhat waterproof! Add a flag with a voted on sign, and a couple of windows with covers for rain and for ambushes! Add 2-4 cardboard boxes for turrets, with flags and holes for shooting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build “colonies”, of little bases to show territory, along with secondary and tertiary capitols!\", \"描述\": \"You may want to also add little turrets (outposts.) in areas to secure, either keeping them empty and camouflaged for emergency use, or stationing units in them! Most outposts should be small, inexpensive, and pretty easy for the enemy to overcome. They are mostly used as warnings, and as emergency posts for the wounded/for cover.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make all capitols and bases with supplies and a map pinned-up, so you can mark territory, mark where bases and units are staged, and present a battle-plan.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to have supplies on hand in just about every station (including outposts.), because in the event of a siege, you can hold out for a longer period of time, with ammo, food, drinks, etc. Having communication devices are handy, as well, so you can call for back-up, or supplies, instantly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Forming a Team and Developing Strategy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Assemble a team.\", \"描述\": \"An ideal team should consist of a strategist, multiple soldiers, medic, assassin, machine gunner with an ammo carrier, and a sniper. Assign these roles to people based on their weapons.\\nYou can have more than one of each, because some battles require more people, and you may need to change out overworked warriors.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ensure that the team is reliable and that each member knows their roles and what they are good at.\", \"描述\": \"You can train them yourself to fit your style of fighting, but at least consider their thoughts when they come to you. They may not be happy with their role or guns, so you have to listen to them. Your standard team should consist of as many people you can. This listing is assuming you have around ten people.\\nHave two-three Infantry. They are the backbone of your team. Their primary weapon should be either the Spectrum or Hera. They should preferably have the Kronos as their sidearm.\\nHave two Snipers. They should be armed with a Nexus Pro and a bi-pod and perhaps a scope, and should be sniping from some sort of cover.\\nHave two Scouts. They should be armed with two handguns, preferably Blitzfires for their power and easy prime. Scouts will go ahead on the battlefield to see what the enemy is doing.\\nYou only need one Melee Warrior. They should be armed with the Nerf Warlock (a Battleaxe), the Nerf Marauder (a long sword), or Shadow Fury and Thunder Fury (twin swords). They might have a Storm Squad as their sidearm.\\nA tank is good as a battle opener or backup. You only need one Tank, but they should be equipped with heavy armor and at least three weapons. They will need a backpack or holster to carry it in. Good weapons are the V-Twin, Tomahawk, Savage Spin, Nemesis, Prometheus, Matrixfire, Commandfire, or Destructor.\\nThe Assassin is the ultimate weapon in terms of hit-and-runs. They are good at stealth, and can spy, or infiltrate the enemy's base to silently take down an enemy warrior.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Form a strategy.\", \"描述\": \"Make plans on how you will attack the enemy. Try to take them off-guard, and use the environment to your advantage. For instance, if you are fighting in a meadow, it would not be a good idea to try a Pincher movement since you would be in plain sight fairly quickly.\\nThink about the possibilities, the outcomes, and the consequences, but don't overthink; you need to be able to act quickly, even if it could end badly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use team members sparingly.\", \"描述\": \"You should always have defenders at your base. If it is unguarded, as mentioned earlier, you will find your supplies depleted. A few can be scouts and try to find information about the enemy base.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use strategy when attacked.\", \"描述\": \"When it comes time to attack, make sure you stick to your strategy and that everyone is crystal clear on what to do. If there is a seed of doubt among your team, make sure that you clear it up.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be a role model for your team.\", \"描述\": \"Be supportive and always have their back. This will make you the ideal team player.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Create camouflage for your squad, with uniforms and I.D.\", \"描述\": \"passes and other stuff for your squad! When using camouflage, try to use certain types for certain terrain; this will increase your invisibility. Uniforms are mostly used for meetings (without battling.), formations, and flat field battles (where there is no places to hide.). Uniforms are good because they act as identification of teammates and enemies. It's also pretty cool when all your friends are dressed in the same outfits; it's pretty intimidating, as well. I.D.'s are useful for basically just the fun of it.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Research Nerf Tactics, and know how all your gear works.\", \"描述\": \"Plan out your stages of the battle, and ALWAYS have Plan A, B, C, and even D, in the event something goes terribly wrong.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Make sure parents/guardians know about everything, and know where to find you.\", \"描述\": \"Safety always comes first, no matter what.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try making a battle/tactic journal; it's basically a record of every battle, with every detail (like who was involved, what weapons were used, etc.). Then rank each battle/tactic/etc. This can help as advice in a tough battle; a.k.a. you reference back to it to see how you coped with similar scenarios.\\n\", \"Never give up.\\n\", \"Try using old locks you have to lock up the capitols, bases, colonies, and sentry towers from the enemy. Just remember to make a rule that there is no destroying a building, if you want to, at least!\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"ALWAYS wear protection, at least on the eyes. A missile could hit you in the eye, and you don't want to have eye damage.\\n\", \"ALWAYS obey the law.\\n\", \"Safety always comes first! If nobody knows where you are, you could be lost and not be found for a day, or something else could happen, always come prepared.\\n\", \"Don't bluntly choose different roles each game.\\n\", \"Use your noggin', not your stupidity!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,985 |
How to Become an Energy Healer
|
1. Becoming a Reiki Therapist
1-1. Familiarize yourself with Reiki.
Reiki is a Japanese healing technique that was developed in the 1920s by a Buddhist monk named Mikao Usui. Like many other forms of energy healing, Reiki involves the practitioner gently touching various points on the patient's body. Scientific studies of Reiki therapy have demonstrated that it is effective for reducing pain, anxiety, fatigue, and stress, and that it may be especially useful for patients dealing with chronic illnesses or recovering from difficult surgeries.
Read up on the history and therapeutic benefits of Reiki at the Center for Reiki Research website: http://www.centerforreikiresearch.org/
1-2. Find a Reiki master in your area.
In order to become a Reiki practitioner, you must learn from a qualified Reiki master. While there is no one organization or governing body that determines who can be qualified to practice Reiki, there are a variety of private companies and organizations that offer Reiki training, certification, and licensing. Ask around among people you know who practice Reiki to find out where they trained, or do an online search for Reiki training in your area.
You can search for a teacher or practitioner registered through the International Association of Reiki Professionals here: https://iarp.org/find-reiki-practitioner-teacher/
Reiki originated in Japan, so finding a Master who has knowledge of the traditional practice is a plus- they will teach respect for the culture this healing art originated from, as well as teach the discipline, versatility and simplicity of the practice as well.
1-3. Take a first-degree training class to learn the basics of Reiki.
Although the stages of Reiki training may vary depending on your school or instructor, it is typically taught in 3 stages or “degrees.” The first degree focuses on teaching students simple techniques that they can use on themselves and friends or family. You will learn about the history and precepts of Reiki, as well as basic healing techniques.
First-degree training typically takes only 8-12 hours to complete, although some beginning courses may take longer (e.g., 1-2 days).
The cost of first-degree or beginning Reiki training may vary depending on your teacher or school, but introductory classes often cost around $200 USD.
Training may include the basics of hand placement, meditation techniques, and hands-on practice.
Find a teacher that connects with you and that makes you feel strongly about their skill in the Reiki practice (that certainty can only come from experiencing a session firsthand).
1-4. Complete a second-degree course to learn more advanced techniques.
In many Reiki training programs, the second stage of learning involves the use of distance healing. These techniques emphasize using mental focus for indirect manipulation of energies, rather than directly laying hands on the body. These techniques may be useful in situations where direct touch is inappropriate or impossible (e.g., for relieving pain from open wounds).
Different instructors or schools may have different prerequisites for second-degree training. For example, you may be required to have practiced first-degree Reiki self-care for at least 6 months or to have completed a certain number of supervised clinical practice sessions.
Check with your teacher or school to find out how long the training lasts and how much it will cost. Second-degree training may last 1-2 days to over a week, with prices varying from around $300 USD to $600 USD or more.
1-5. Become a Reiki master with third degree training.
The third and final level of Reiki training is mastery. Once you become a qualified Reiki master, you can both practice Reiki and teach it to others. The training required to become a Reiki master is in-depth, and may take a year or more to complete.
The cost of Reiki master training may vary depending on your school or teacher, but master programs can cost around $1600 USD.
1-6. Establish your Reiki practice.
There are many different ways to practice Reiki. Some people may prefer to limit their practice to self-care and therapy for family and friends. However, if you are a more advanced practitioner, you might consider operating a private practice from your home or a rented space. Some physical therapists or healthcare providers also choose to incorporate Reiki into their regular practice.
If you choose to become a private practitioner, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.
If you'd rather not try to set up your own business, consider working or volunteering with a clinic, hospital, physical therapy center, gym, or yoga center in your area that offers energy healing or holistic medicine services.
Consider becoming a member of a professional organization, such as the International Association of Reiki Professionals (IARP). Members of the IARP must be practitioners (at any level) or teachers of Reiki, and must pay a membership fee. The basic yearly fee is $169 USD.
2. Practicing Therapeutic Touch
2-1. Learn the basics of therapeutic touch.
Therapeutic touch is a form of energy healing that is said to work by balancing energy fields within the body. Despite what the name suggests, therapeutic touch does not involve actual touching. Instead, the hands of the healer hover lightly over the patient's body at various points. Research has shown that therapeutic touch may be helpful for:
Reducing pain
Alleviating stress and anxiety
Promoting wound healing
Improving breathing and relaxation
Lowering blood pressure
When used in combination with medical treatments, it may also help relieve some symptoms associated with conditions such as fibromyalgia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, allergies, bronchitis, addictions, lupus, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic pain.
2-2. Look for a qualified therapeutic touch instructor in your area.
In order to become a qualified practitioner of therapeutic touch, you will need appropriate training. Do a search for licensed therapeutic touch teachers near you, or ask a practitioner to recommend someone.
The Therapeutic Touch International Association maintains a list of qualified teachers and their contact information here: http://therapeutictouch.org/about-us/qualified-teachers/
If you plan to touch clients you will need a "license to touch". There are a number of therapy fields that give you a license to touch- massage therapy, physical therapy, dental hygiene, cosmetology, even LMFT have some freedoms for touch.
2-3. Complete therapeutic touch training.
The Therapeutic Touch International Association offers a training program for those interested in becoming qualified practitioners or teachers. Once you have connected with a qualified teacher, ask them about what you need to do to complete the necessary training. This typically involves 3 stages:
A Basic Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 12 hours, taught by a Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International (NH-PAI) Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.
An Intermediate Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 14 hours, taught by an NH-PAI Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.
A mentorship program consisting of at least 36 hours of training over a 1-year period. This mentorship must be completed under the training of a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher or Practitioner with at least 5 years of experience.
Basic and intermediate TT programs may start at around $80 USD, while more advanced training workshops may cost $500 USD or more. Contact a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher to find out more about the costs of training.
2-4. Apply for therapeutic touch certification.
Once you have completed your training, send a certification application to the Therapeutic Touch International Association. You must renew your certification every 4 years. You can complete the application online here: https://therapeutictouch.org/credentialing/
In addition to completing Therapeutic Touch training, you must be able to demonstrate that you completed a certain amount of practice under the supervision of your mentor. You will be asked to describe your mentorship experience on the application form. You must also submit a copy of your Mentorship Agreement document, signed by you and your mentor.
The cost of submitting a certification application is $25 USD. You must pay this fee again when it is time to renew your certification.
You will receive information on how to renew your certification once your initial application is accepted.
2-5. Establish your therapeutic touch practice.
Many healthcare professionals, such as nurses, chiropractors, and physical therapists, find it useful to incorporate Therapeutic Touch into their regular practice. You might also consider working independently as a private practitioner.
If you decide to start a private practice using Therapeutic Touch, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.
3. Using Healing Touch
3-1. Get familiar with healing touch therapy.
Healing touch is an energy healing technique that relies on gentle physical touch. Practitioners believe that healing touch works by balancing the natural energy fields in and around the human body. Research suggests that healing touch can be helpful when used in combination with standard medical practices to:
Promote relaxation and a sense of wellbeing, especially in patients dealing with stressful or difficult conditions and treatments
Reduce symptoms of acute and chronic pain
Reduce fatigue
Promote wound healing
Improve sleep
Boost the immune system
Relieve the symptoms of chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic headaches
3-2. Find healing touch classes in your area.
There are 2 major professional organizations that offer healing touch training and certifications. These are Healing Touch International and the Healing Touch Program. Look for certified instructors in your area to begin the training process.
You can find qualified teachers through Healing Touch International here: https://www.healingbeyondborders.org/index.php/find-healing-touch?st=sinstructor
The Healing Touch Program offers a list of qualified instructors here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/find-an-instructor
3-3. Complete a training program.
In order to become a certified healing touch practitioner, you will need to complete a program consisting of several courses and a period of professional practice. The courses typically take 2-4 days to complete. During the advanced part of your training, you will work closely with a qualified mentor who will train you and observe you during your period of professional practice and development. Mentorship training lasts at least 6 months.
Learn about the Healing Touch Program's training curriculum here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/classes/class-program-information. A full training package, including all training courses and certification, is available for $2,797 USD.
3-4. Apply for certification.
Once you have completed your training, you can apply for certification with your professional organization. In addition to completing coursework, mentorship training, and professional practice, you may also be required to pass a certification exam. Healing touch practitioners must renew their certification every 5 years.
Learn about how to apply for practitioner certification with the Healing Touch Program here: http://www.healingtouchcertification.com/
Certification through the Healing Touch Program costs $275 USD, with an additional $200 fee for the HTCP Entry Level Proficiency Exam. The certification fee through Healing Touch International is $325 for non-members, $250 for members.
In order to renew your certification, you will be asked to submit evidence of an active Healing Touch practice and continuing education (e.g., records of classes you have taken and professional work you have done). You must submit a renewal form through your certifying organization.
Renewal fees range from $125 USD-$200 USD. There may be an additional fee for late renewal submissions.
3-5. Integrate healing touch into your therapeutic practice.
Healing touch is meant to be used in conjunction with other forms of healing and therapy. Consider incorporating healing touch into your practice if you are a nurse, physician, physical therapist, counselor, psychotherapist, or other type of healthcare professional. Work or volunteer with an institution or facility that offers holistic approaches to medicine and healing.
If you don't have a pre-existing license, you can always do one of three options. You can become an ordained minister (you would have the freedom to provide spiritual healing touch). You can write a liability and permission waiver- giving clients the power to give you permission to lay on hands. Or you can simply do your healings hands-free.
Warnings
Energy healing is most helpful as a supplement to standard forms of medical treatment and therapy. While it may offer relief from certain symptoms, there is no evidence that it can cure diseases or heal physical ailments. Practice energy healing responsibly, and encourage your patients and clients to seek medical attention from a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional to treat any medical conditions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a Reiki Therapist\\n1-1. Familiarize yourself with Reiki.\\nReiki is a Japanese healing technique that was developed in the 1920s by a Buddhist monk named Mikao Usui. Like many other forms of energy healing, Reiki involves the practitioner gently touching various points on the patient's body. Scientific studies of Reiki therapy have demonstrated that it is effective for reducing pain, anxiety, fatigue, and stress, and that it may be especially useful for patients dealing with chronic illnesses or recovering from difficult surgeries.\\nRead up on the history and therapeutic benefits of Reiki at the Center for Reiki Research website: http://www.centerforreikiresearch.org/\\n1-2. Find a Reiki master in your area.\\nIn order to become a Reiki practitioner, you must learn from a qualified Reiki master. While there is no one organization or governing body that determines who can be qualified to practice Reiki, there are a variety of private companies and organizations that offer Reiki training, certification, and licensing. Ask around among people you know who practice Reiki to find out where they trained, or do an online search for Reiki training in your area.\\nYou can search for a teacher or practitioner registered through the International Association of Reiki Professionals here: https://iarp.org/find-reiki-practitioner-teacher/\\nReiki originated in Japan, so finding a Master who has knowledge of the traditional practice is a plus- they will teach respect for the culture this healing art originated from, as well as teach the discipline, versatility and simplicity of the practice as well.\\n1-3. Take a first-degree training class to learn the basics of Reiki.\\nAlthough the stages of Reiki training may vary depending on your school or instructor, it is typically taught in 3 stages or “degrees.” The first degree focuses on teaching students simple techniques that they can use on themselves and friends or family. You will learn about the history and precepts of Reiki, as well as basic healing techniques.\\nFirst-degree training typically takes only 8-12 hours to complete, although some beginning courses may take longer (e.g., 1-2 days).\\nThe cost of first-degree or beginning Reiki training may vary depending on your teacher or school, but introductory classes often cost around $200 USD.\\nTraining may include the basics of hand placement, meditation techniques, and hands-on practice.\\nFind a teacher that connects with you and that makes you feel strongly about their skill in the Reiki practice (that certainty can only come from experiencing a session firsthand).\\n1-4. Complete a second-degree course to learn more advanced techniques.\\nIn many Reiki training programs, the second stage of learning involves the use of distance healing. These techniques emphasize using mental focus for indirect manipulation of energies, rather than directly laying hands on the body. These techniques may be useful in situations where direct touch is inappropriate or impossible (e.g., for relieving pain from open wounds).\\nDifferent instructors or schools may have different prerequisites for second-degree training. For example, you may be required to have practiced first-degree Reiki self-care for at least 6 months or to have completed a certain number of supervised clinical practice sessions.\\nCheck with your teacher or school to find out how long the training lasts and how much it will cost. Second-degree training may last 1-2 days to over a week, with prices varying from around $300 USD to $600 USD or more.\\n1-5. Become a Reiki master with third degree training.\\nThe third and final level of Reiki training is mastery. Once you become a qualified Reiki master, you can both practice Reiki and teach it to others. The training required to become a Reiki master is in-depth, and may take a year or more to complete.\\nThe cost of Reiki master training may vary depending on your school or teacher, but master programs can cost around $1600 USD.\\n1-6. Establish your Reiki practice.\\nThere are many different ways to practice Reiki. Some people may prefer to limit their practice to self-care and therapy for family and friends. However, if you are a more advanced practitioner, you might consider operating a private practice from your home or a rented space. Some physical therapists or healthcare providers also choose to incorporate Reiki into their regular practice.\\nIf you choose to become a private practitioner, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.\\nIf you'd rather not try to set up your own business, consider working or volunteering with a clinic, hospital, physical therapy center, gym, or yoga center in your area that offers energy healing or holistic medicine services.\\nConsider becoming a member of a professional organization, such as the International Association of Reiki Professionals (IARP). Members of the IARP must be practitioners (at any level) or teachers of Reiki, and must pay a membership fee. The basic yearly fee is $169 USD.\\n2. Practicing Therapeutic Touch\\n2-1. Learn the basics of therapeutic touch.\\nTherapeutic touch is a form of energy healing that is said to work by balancing energy fields within the body. Despite what the name suggests, therapeutic touch does not involve actual touching. Instead, the hands of the healer hover lightly over the patient's body at various points. Research has shown that therapeutic touch may be helpful for:\\nReducing pain\\nAlleviating stress and anxiety\\nPromoting wound healing\\nImproving breathing and relaxation\\nLowering blood pressure\\nWhen used in combination with medical treatments, it may also help relieve some symptoms associated with conditions such as fibromyalgia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, allergies, bronchitis, addictions, lupus, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic pain.\\n2-2. Look for a qualified therapeutic touch instructor in your area.\\nIn order to become a qualified practitioner of therapeutic touch, you will need appropriate training. Do a search for licensed therapeutic touch teachers near you, or ask a practitioner to recommend someone.\\nThe Therapeutic Touch International Association maintains a list of qualified teachers and their contact information here: http://therapeutictouch.org/about-us/qualified-teachers/\\nIf you plan to touch clients you will need a \\\"license to touch\\\". There are a number of therapy fields that give you a license to touch- massage therapy, physical therapy, dental hygiene, cosmetology, even LMFT have some freedoms for touch.\\n2-3. Complete therapeutic touch training.\\nThe Therapeutic Touch International Association offers a training program for those interested in becoming qualified practitioners or teachers. Once you have connected with a qualified teacher, ask them about what you need to do to complete the necessary training. This typically involves 3 stages:\\nA Basic Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 12 hours, taught by a Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International (NH-PAI) Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.\\nAn Intermediate Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 14 hours, taught by an NH-PAI Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.\\nA mentorship program consisting of at least 36 hours of training over a 1-year period. This mentorship must be completed under the training of a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher or Practitioner with at least 5 years of experience.\\nBasic and intermediate TT programs may start at around $80 USD, while more advanced training workshops may cost $500 USD or more. Contact a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher to find out more about the costs of training.\\n2-4. Apply for therapeutic touch certification.\\nOnce you have completed your training, send a certification application to the Therapeutic Touch International Association. You must renew your certification every 4 years. You can complete the application online here: https://therapeutictouch.org/credentialing/\\nIn addition to completing Therapeutic Touch training, you must be able to demonstrate that you completed a certain amount of practice under the supervision of your mentor. You will be asked to describe your mentorship experience on the application form. You must also submit a copy of your Mentorship Agreement document, signed by you and your mentor.\\nThe cost of submitting a certification application is $25 USD. You must pay this fee again when it is time to renew your certification.\\nYou will receive information on how to renew your certification once your initial application is accepted.\\n2-5. Establish your therapeutic touch practice.\\nMany healthcare professionals, such as nurses, chiropractors, and physical therapists, find it useful to incorporate Therapeutic Touch into their regular practice. You might also consider working independently as a private practitioner.\\nIf you decide to start a private practice using Therapeutic Touch, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.\\n3. Using Healing Touch\\n3-1. Get familiar with healing touch therapy.\\nHealing touch is an energy healing technique that relies on gentle physical touch. Practitioners believe that healing touch works by balancing the natural energy fields in and around the human body. Research suggests that healing touch can be helpful when used in combination with standard medical practices to:\\nPromote relaxation and a sense of wellbeing, especially in patients dealing with stressful or difficult conditions and treatments\\nReduce symptoms of acute and chronic pain\\nReduce fatigue\\nPromote wound healing\\nImprove sleep\\nBoost the immune system\\nRelieve the symptoms of chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic headaches\\n3-2. Find healing touch classes in your area.\\nThere are 2 major professional organizations that offer healing touch training and certifications. These are Healing Touch International and the Healing Touch Program. Look for certified instructors in your area to begin the training process.\\nYou can find qualified teachers through Healing Touch International here: https://www.healingbeyondborders.org/index.php/find-healing-touch?st=sinstructor\\nThe Healing Touch Program offers a list of qualified instructors here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/find-an-instructor\\n3-3. Complete a training program.\\nIn order to become a certified healing touch practitioner, you will need to complete a program consisting of several courses and a period of professional practice. The courses typically take 2-4 days to complete. During the advanced part of your training, you will work closely with a qualified mentor who will train you and observe you during your period of professional practice and development. Mentorship training lasts at least 6 months.\\nLearn about the Healing Touch Program's training curriculum here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/classes/class-program-information. A full training package, including all training courses and certification, is available for $2,797 USD.\\n3-4. Apply for certification.\\nOnce you have completed your training, you can apply for certification with your professional organization. In addition to completing coursework, mentorship training, and professional practice, you may also be required to pass a certification exam. Healing touch practitioners must renew their certification every 5 years.\\nLearn about how to apply for practitioner certification with the Healing Touch Program here: http://www.healingtouchcertification.com/\\nCertification through the Healing Touch Program costs $275 USD, with an additional $200 fee for the HTCP Entry Level Proficiency Exam. The certification fee through Healing Touch International is $325 for non-members, $250 for members.\\nIn order to renew your certification, you will be asked to submit evidence of an active Healing Touch practice and continuing education (e.g., records of classes you have taken and professional work you have done). You must submit a renewal form through your certifying organization.\\nRenewal fees range from $125 USD-$200 USD. There may be an additional fee for late renewal submissions.\\n3-5. Integrate healing touch into your therapeutic practice.\\nHealing touch is meant to be used in conjunction with other forms of healing and therapy. Consider incorporating healing touch into your practice if you are a nurse, physician, physical therapist, counselor, psychotherapist, or other type of healthcare professional. Work or volunteer with an institution or facility that offers holistic approaches to medicine and healing.\\nIf you don't have a pre-existing license, you can always do one of three options. You can become an ordained minister (you would have the freedom to provide spiritual healing touch). You can write a liability and permission waiver- giving clients the power to give you permission to lay on hands. Or you can simply do your healings hands-free.\\nWarnings\\nEnergy healing is most helpful as a supplement to standard forms of medical treatment and therapy. While it may offer relief from certain symptoms, there is no evidence that it can cure diseases or heal physical ailments. Practice energy healing responsibly, and encourage your patients and clients to seek medical attention from a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional to treat any medical conditions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"“Energy healing” refers to a variety of healing practices that are thought to work by manipulating natural energy fields within the body. While it is unclear how most forms of energy healing actually work, there is some evidence that these therapies can help relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and pain. If you are interested in becoming an energy healer or incorporating energy healing into your medical practice, consider becoming a certified practitioner of a technique such as Reiki, therapeutic touch, or healing touch.This article is based on an interview with our spiritual advisor and reiki master, Emily Christensen, founder of Rainbow Raaja. Check out the full interview here.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Reiki Therapist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with Reiki.\", \"描述\": \"Reiki is a Japanese healing technique that was developed in the 1920s by a Buddhist monk named Mikao Usui. Like many other forms of energy healing, Reiki involves the practitioner gently touching various points on the patient's body. Scientific studies of Reiki therapy have demonstrated that it is effective for reducing pain, anxiety, fatigue, and stress, and that it may be especially useful for patients dealing with chronic illnesses or recovering from difficult surgeries.\\nRead up on the history and therapeutic benefits of Reiki at the Center for Reiki Research website: http://www.centerforreikiresearch.org/\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a Reiki master in your area.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a Reiki practitioner, you must learn from a qualified Reiki master. While there is no one organization or governing body that determines who can be qualified to practice Reiki, there are a variety of private companies and organizations that offer Reiki training, certification, and licensing. Ask around among people you know who practice Reiki to find out where they trained, or do an online search for Reiki training in your area.\\nYou can search for a teacher or practitioner registered through the International Association of Reiki Professionals here: https://iarp.org/find-reiki-practitioner-teacher/\\nReiki originated in Japan, so finding a Master who has knowledge of the traditional practice is a plus- they will teach respect for the culture this healing art originated from, as well as teach the discipline, versatility and simplicity of the practice as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a first-degree training class to learn the basics of Reiki.\", \"描述\": \"Although the stages of Reiki training may vary depending on your school or instructor, it is typically taught in 3 stages or “degrees.” The first degree focuses on teaching students simple techniques that they can use on themselves and friends or family. You will learn about the history and precepts of Reiki, as well as basic healing techniques.\\nFirst-degree training typically takes only 8-12 hours to complete, although some beginning courses may take longer (e.g., 1-2 days).\\nThe cost of first-degree or beginning Reiki training may vary depending on your teacher or school, but introductory classes often cost around $200 USD.\\nTraining may include the basics of hand placement, meditation techniques, and hands-on practice.\\nFind a teacher that connects with you and that makes you feel strongly about their skill in the Reiki practice (that certainty can only come from experiencing a session firsthand).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a second-degree course to learn more advanced techniques.\", \"描述\": \"In many Reiki training programs, the second stage of learning involves the use of distance healing. These techniques emphasize using mental focus for indirect manipulation of energies, rather than directly laying hands on the body. These techniques may be useful in situations where direct touch is inappropriate or impossible (e.g., for relieving pain from open wounds).\\nDifferent instructors or schools may have different prerequisites for second-degree training. For example, you may be required to have practiced first-degree Reiki self-care for at least 6 months or to have completed a certain number of supervised clinical practice sessions.\\nCheck with your teacher or school to find out how long the training lasts and how much it will cost. Second-degree training may last 1-2 days to over a week, with prices varying from around $300 USD to $600 USD or more.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become a Reiki master with third degree training.\", \"描述\": \"The third and final level of Reiki training is mastery. Once you become a qualified Reiki master, you can both practice Reiki and teach it to others. The training required to become a Reiki master is in-depth, and may take a year or more to complete.\\nThe cost of Reiki master training may vary depending on your school or teacher, but master programs can cost around $1600 USD.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Establish your Reiki practice.\", \"描述\": \"There are many different ways to practice Reiki. Some people may prefer to limit their practice to self-care and therapy for family and friends. However, if you are a more advanced practitioner, you might consider operating a private practice from your home or a rented space. Some physical therapists or healthcare providers also choose to incorporate Reiki into their regular practice.\\nIf you choose to become a private practitioner, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.\\nIf you'd rather not try to set up your own business, consider working or volunteering with a clinic, hospital, physical therapy center, gym, or yoga center in your area that offers energy healing or holistic medicine services.\\nConsider becoming a member of a professional organization, such as the International Association of Reiki Professionals (IARP). Members of the IARP must be practitioners (at any level) or teachers of Reiki, and must pay a membership fee. The basic yearly fee is $169 USD.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practicing Therapeutic Touch\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the basics of therapeutic touch.\", \"描述\": \"Therapeutic touch is a form of energy healing that is said to work by balancing energy fields within the body. Despite what the name suggests, therapeutic touch does not involve actual touching. Instead, the hands of the healer hover lightly over the patient's body at various points. Research has shown that therapeutic touch may be helpful for:\\nReducing pain\\nAlleviating stress and anxiety\\nPromoting wound healing\\nImproving breathing and relaxation\\nLowering blood pressure\\nWhen used in combination with medical treatments, it may also help relieve some symptoms associated with conditions such as fibromyalgia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, allergies, bronchitis, addictions, lupus, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for a qualified therapeutic touch instructor in your area.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a qualified practitioner of therapeutic touch, you will need appropriate training. Do a search for licensed therapeutic touch teachers near you, or ask a practitioner to recommend someone.\\nThe Therapeutic Touch International Association maintains a list of qualified teachers and their contact information here: http://therapeutictouch.org/about-us/qualified-teachers/\\nIf you plan to touch clients you will need a \\\"license to touch\\\". There are a number of therapy fields that give you a license to touch- massage therapy, physical therapy, dental hygiene, cosmetology, even LMFT have some freedoms for touch.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete therapeutic touch training.\", \"描述\": \"The Therapeutic Touch International Association offers a training program for those interested in becoming qualified practitioners or teachers. Once you have connected with a qualified teacher, ask them about what you need to do to complete the necessary training. This typically involves 3 stages:\\nA Basic Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 12 hours, taught by a Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International (NH-PAI) Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.\\nAn Intermediate Therapeutic Touch Program of at least 14 hours, taught by an NH-PAI Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher.\\nA mentorship program consisting of at least 36 hours of training over a 1-year period. This mentorship must be completed under the training of a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher or Practitioner with at least 5 years of experience.\\nBasic and intermediate TT programs may start at around $80 USD, while more advanced training workshops may cost $500 USD or more. Contact a Qualified Therapeutic Touch Teacher to find out more about the costs of training.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for therapeutic touch certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed your training, send a certification application to the Therapeutic Touch International Association. You must renew your certification every 4 years. You can complete the application online here: https://therapeutictouch.org/credentialing/\\nIn addition to completing Therapeutic Touch training, you must be able to demonstrate that you completed a certain amount of practice under the supervision of your mentor. You will be asked to describe your mentorship experience on the application form. You must also submit a copy of your Mentorship Agreement document, signed by you and your mentor.\\nThe cost of submitting a certification application is $25 USD. You must pay this fee again when it is time to renew your certification.\\nYou will receive information on how to renew your certification once your initial application is accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Establish your therapeutic touch practice.\", \"描述\": \"Many healthcare professionals, such as nurses, chiropractors, and physical therapists, find it useful to incorporate Therapeutic Touch into their regular practice. You might also consider working independently as a private practitioner.\\nIf you decide to start a private practice using Therapeutic Touch, consider purchasing professional liability insurance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Healing Touch\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get familiar with healing touch therapy.\", \"描述\": \"Healing touch is an energy healing technique that relies on gentle physical touch. Practitioners believe that healing touch works by balancing the natural energy fields in and around the human body. Research suggests that healing touch can be helpful when used in combination with standard medical practices to:\\nPromote relaxation and a sense of wellbeing, especially in patients dealing with stressful or difficult conditions and treatments\\nReduce symptoms of acute and chronic pain\\nReduce fatigue\\nPromote wound healing\\nImprove sleep\\nBoost the immune system\\nRelieve the symptoms of chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic headaches\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find healing touch classes in your area.\", \"描述\": \"There are 2 major professional organizations that offer healing touch training and certifications. These are Healing Touch International and the Healing Touch Program. Look for certified instructors in your area to begin the training process.\\nYou can find qualified teachers through Healing Touch International here: https://www.healingbeyondborders.org/index.php/find-healing-touch?st=sinstructor\\nThe Healing Touch Program offers a list of qualified instructors here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/find-an-instructor\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a training program.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a certified healing touch practitioner, you will need to complete a program consisting of several courses and a period of professional practice. The courses typically take 2-4 days to complete. During the advanced part of your training, you will work closely with a qualified mentor who will train you and observe you during your period of professional practice and development. Mentorship training lasts at least 6 months.\\nLearn about the Healing Touch Program's training curriculum here: https://www.healingtouchprogram.com/classes/class-program-information. A full training package, including all training courses and certification, is available for $2,797 USD.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed your training, you can apply for certification with your professional organization. In addition to completing coursework, mentorship training, and professional practice, you may also be required to pass a certification exam. Healing touch practitioners must renew their certification every 5 years.\\nLearn about how to apply for practitioner certification with the Healing Touch Program here: http://www.healingtouchcertification.com/\\nCertification through the Healing Touch Program costs $275 USD, with an additional $200 fee for the HTCP Entry Level Proficiency Exam. The certification fee through Healing Touch International is $325 for non-members, $250 for members.\\nIn order to renew your certification, you will be asked to submit evidence of an active Healing Touch practice and continuing education (e.g., records of classes you have taken and professional work you have done). You must submit a renewal form through your certifying organization.\\nRenewal fees range from $125 USD-$200 USD. There may be an additional fee for late renewal submissions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Integrate healing touch into your therapeutic practice.\", \"描述\": \"Healing touch is meant to be used in conjunction with other forms of healing and therapy. Consider incorporating healing touch into your practice if you are a nurse, physician, physical therapist, counselor, psychotherapist, or other type of healthcare professional. Work or volunteer with an institution or facility that offers holistic approaches to medicine and healing.\\nIf you don't have a pre-existing license, you can always do one of three options. You can become an ordained minister (you would have the freedom to provide spiritual healing touch). You can write a liability and permission waiver- giving clients the power to give you permission to lay on hands. Or you can simply do your healings hands-free.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Energy healing is most helpful as a supplement to standard forms of medical treatment and therapy. While it may offer relief from certain symptoms, there is no evidence that it can cure diseases or heal physical ailments. Practice energy healing responsibly, and encourage your patients and clients to seek medical attention from a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional to treat any medical conditions.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,986 |
How to Become an Engineer
|
1. Developing Your Engineering Background
1-1. Identify the field of engineering you want to work in.
Engineering is a broad and diverse field. You could be a robotics engineer, a civil engineer, a chemical engineer, or one of many other varieties. To identify the field you wish to work in, choose the field that interests you the most. Alternately, choose the field with the best job prospects or the one that enables you to earn the most money.
Check your national department of labor statistics to determine which fields of engineering will enable you to make the most money or increase your odds of landing a job.
There are about 40 types of engineering degrees.
There is no right or wrong field of engineering for you.
1-2. Select a school that specializes in your field of engineering.
Different colleges excel in different areas. Some schools offer robust civil engineering programs, while others have strong robotics engineering programs. Run a search online for the best school in the field you’re interested in.
The schools with top engineering programs might be difficult to get into. Write a strong application letter and study hard for any entrance exams you might have to take.
1-3. Add an international component to your education if you’re hoping to work abroad.
Many engineering positions are available in developing countries. If you think you might want to leverage your engineering education into a position that allows you to work abroad, consider getting a minor in a foreign language, a certificate in international relations, or a similar qualification. You could also apply for a study abroad program through your school.
1-4. Take advantage of university programs that connect you with engineering work.
These programs might connect you with internships while you’re in school, or they might be designed to connect you with a job after you graduate. Talk to your professors about opportunities for engineering work while you’re still in school.
These programs can both help you better understand how engineering looks in a practical environment and can help you get work experience that looks great on your resume.
1-5. Ask smaller companies if they have work shadowing programs.
Work shadowing programs allow you to follow an engineer through their day. Write a pleasant email to the company’s HR or hiring office inquiring about work shadowing opportunities. Alternately, you could call the company’s hiring office directly. In either case, ask, “Do you have any work shadowing opportunities available for an engineering student like me?”
Work shadowing opportunities allow you to get a feel for a particular company and to better understand how engineers go about their work.
1-6. Apply for internship
Major companies and institutions with engineering departments often have internship programs. The process by which you secure an internship varies considerably from one company to the next, but it’s often no different than securing a job. Check the “Careers” page of major engineering firms for opportunities. You’ll need to fill out the application, submit a resume and/or references, and arrange an interview.
Aim for paid internships whenever possible.
During an internship, you’ll be able to gain valuable on-the-job experience.
If you’re pursuing a summer internship, you might even get to work in an engineering position full-time.
Internships are a great way to network with other people who might be able to provide recommendations at their company or elsewhere after you graduate.
You might be able to get school credit for your internship. Talk to your university advisor about such an option.
1-7. Do a practicum in your final year of school.
A practicum is a work opportunity that replaces or takes up a significant portion of your final university year. These placements carry a competitive salary and provide a deeper, more long-term experience than an internship. If you do well, practicums often lead to full-time positions after you graduate.
2. Applying for Work
2-1. Find work opportunities through your network or online.
Your professors are a great source for finding work. Ask them if they know of any job openings or if they have an industry connection who might be able to help you. Your school’s career advisor might also be able to assist you in finding a job.
If your sources at school cannot help, or if you’re unsatisfied with their recommendations, check online. Employment sites like https://www.monster.com and https://www.Indeed.com are useful for finding jobs of all sorts, including engineering positions.
Engineering organizations often post jobs online or connect recent graduates with work opportunities. Check out the websites of engineering organizations in your area for more information.
2-2. Make a relevant resume.
Your resume should not contain every work experience you’ve ever had. Focus on your education, your relevant work experience, and any relevant internships or volunteer roles you’ve had. Emphasize the ways in which your skills match the job description.
For instance, if the job you’re applying for is looking for someone with experience in the automotive industry and you have experience working for an auto parts manufacturer, you should include this experience in your cover letter and in your resume.
List your engineering skills and specialties.
You can also list relevant coursework, if applicable.
2-3. Expound on your experience in your cover letter.
Open the letter with a compelling introductory paragraph that explains why you want the job and why you’re the right person for it. Then, tailor your cover letter for the job. For instance, if your resume refers to an internship at an auto parts manufacturing factory, you should delve into more depth in your cover letter. Explain what your specific responsibilities were and how you made a positive contribution to the company in your time there.
3. Nailing the Interview
3-1. Do a mock interview with your college advisor or someone you trust.
Some college career centers have advisors who can help you prepare with a mock interview. Take advantage of this service if it’s available. If mock interview help is not available at your school, sit with a friend or family member (preferably someone with engineering experience) and provide them with a list of potential questions you expect to be asked during your job interview.
Invite the mock interviewer to ask their own relevant questions if they think of any.
3-2. Be prepared to explain why you’ve chosen to become an engineer.
Employers want to see someone who has self-knowledge and a certain degree of passion for engineering. For instance, you might say, “I am passionate about engineering because I love the creative process, the collaborative lab environment, and the knowledge that my engineering is contributing to a better world. I’d like to bring that passion to your company.”
Be able to describe your career goals in a sentence or two.
3-3. Do some background research into the company you’re applying to.
Read the company’s values and mission statement, and make note of how they resonate with you. Do some research into what sorts of products the company makes or what sorts of services it provides, and use this information in the interview to explain why you’re interested in working for them.
For instance, if you’re applying to be a medical device engineer, you could say, “I believe in your company’s mission of empowering doctors and medical professionals to do their jobs better and, ultimately, save lives.”
3-4. Stay focused on the questions you’re asked when answering.
For instance, when you’re asked about what experiences make a great engineer, don’t talk about the importance of generosity. Talking too much or rambling will make the interviewers doubt your competency. Be as direct, focused, and concise as possible when answering your interviewer's questions.
Your answers should typically be 30 to 90 seconds long.
3-5. Don’t rush your answers or mumble.
Deliver your answers with confidence. Speak at a normal pace and an audible volume. Look your interviewers in the eye and smile as you speak.
Tips
Don’t thumb your nose at practicums or internships with small companies. They can offer experiences that are just as rewarding as those at larger companies.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Engineering Background\\n1-1. Identify the field of engineering you want to work in.\\nEngineering is a broad and diverse field. You could be a robotics engineer, a civil engineer, a chemical engineer, or one of many other varieties. To identify the field you wish to work in, choose the field that interests you the most. Alternately, choose the field with the best job prospects or the one that enables you to earn the most money.\\nCheck your national department of labor statistics to determine which fields of engineering will enable you to make the most money or increase your odds of landing a job.\\nThere are about 40 types of engineering degrees.\\nThere is no right or wrong field of engineering for you.\\n1-2. Select a school that specializes in your field of engineering.\\nDifferent colleges excel in different areas. Some schools offer robust civil engineering programs, while others have strong robotics engineering programs. Run a search online for the best school in the field you’re interested in.\\nThe schools with top engineering programs might be difficult to get into. Write a strong application letter and study hard for any entrance exams you might have to take.\\n1-3. Add an international component to your education if you’re hoping to work abroad.\\nMany engineering positions are available in developing countries. If you think you might want to leverage your engineering education into a position that allows you to work abroad, consider getting a minor in a foreign language, a certificate in international relations, or a similar qualification. You could also apply for a study abroad program through your school.\\n1-4. Take advantage of university programs that connect you with engineering work.\\nThese programs might connect you with internships while you’re in school, or they might be designed to connect you with a job after you graduate. Talk to your professors about opportunities for engineering work while you’re still in school.\\nThese programs can both help you better understand how engineering looks in a practical environment and can help you get work experience that looks great on your resume.\\n1-5. Ask smaller companies if they have work shadowing programs.\\nWork shadowing programs allow you to follow an engineer through their day. Write a pleasant email to the company’s HR or hiring office inquiring about work shadowing opportunities. Alternately, you could call the company’s hiring office directly. In either case, ask, “Do you have any work shadowing opportunities available for an engineering student like me?”\\nWork shadowing opportunities allow you to get a feel for a particular company and to better understand how engineers go about their work.\\n1-6. Apply for internship\\nMajor companies and institutions with engineering departments often have internship programs. The process by which you secure an internship varies considerably from one company to the next, but it’s often no different than securing a job. Check the “Careers” page of major engineering firms for opportunities. You’ll need to fill out the application, submit a resume and/or references, and arrange an interview.\\nAim for paid internships whenever possible.\\nDuring an internship, you’ll be able to gain valuable on-the-job experience.\\nIf you’re pursuing a summer internship, you might even get to work in an engineering position full-time.\\nInternships are a great way to network with other people who might be able to provide recommendations at their company or elsewhere after you graduate.\\nYou might be able to get school credit for your internship. Talk to your university advisor about such an option.\\n1-7. Do a practicum in your final year of school.\\nA practicum is a work opportunity that replaces or takes up a significant portion of your final university year. These placements carry a competitive salary and provide a deeper, more long-term experience than an internship. If you do well, practicums often lead to full-time positions after you graduate.\\n2. Applying for Work\\n2-1. Find work opportunities through your network or online.\\nYour professors are a great source for finding work. Ask them if they know of any job openings or if they have an industry connection who might be able to help you. Your school’s career advisor might also be able to assist you in finding a job.\\nIf your sources at school cannot help, or if you’re unsatisfied with their recommendations, check online. Employment sites like https://www.monster.com and https://www.Indeed.com are useful for finding jobs of all sorts, including engineering positions.\\nEngineering organizations often post jobs online or connect recent graduates with work opportunities. Check out the websites of engineering organizations in your area for more information.\\n2-2. Make a relevant resume.\\nYour resume should not contain every work experience you’ve ever had. Focus on your education, your relevant work experience, and any relevant internships or volunteer roles you’ve had. Emphasize the ways in which your skills match the job description.\\nFor instance, if the job you’re applying for is looking for someone with experience in the automotive industry and you have experience working for an auto parts manufacturer, you should include this experience in your cover letter and in your resume.\\nList your engineering skills and specialties.\\nYou can also list relevant coursework, if applicable.\\n2-3. Expound on your experience in your cover letter.\\nOpen the letter with a compelling introductory paragraph that explains why you want the job and why you’re the right person for it. Then, tailor your cover letter for the job. For instance, if your resume refers to an internship at an auto parts manufacturing factory, you should delve into more depth in your cover letter. Explain what your specific responsibilities were and how you made a positive contribution to the company in your time there.\\n3. Nailing the Interview\\n3-1. Do a mock interview with your college advisor or someone you trust.\\nSome college career centers have advisors who can help you prepare with a mock interview. Take advantage of this service if it’s available. If mock interview help is not available at your school, sit with a friend or family member (preferably someone with engineering experience) and provide them with a list of potential questions you expect to be asked during your job interview.\\nInvite the mock interviewer to ask their own relevant questions if they think of any.\\n3-2. Be prepared to explain why you’ve chosen to become an engineer.\\nEmployers want to see someone who has self-knowledge and a certain degree of passion for engineering. For instance, you might say, “I am passionate about engineering because I love the creative process, the collaborative lab environment, and the knowledge that my engineering is contributing to a better world. I’d like to bring that passion to your company.”\\nBe able to describe your career goals in a sentence or two.\\n3-3. Do some background research into the company you’re applying to.\\nRead the company’s values and mission statement, and make note of how they resonate with you. Do some research into what sorts of products the company makes or what sorts of services it provides, and use this information in the interview to explain why you’re interested in working for them.\\nFor instance, if you’re applying to be a medical device engineer, you could say, “I believe in your company’s mission of empowering doctors and medical professionals to do their jobs better and, ultimately, save lives.”\\n3-4. Stay focused on the questions you’re asked when answering.\\nFor instance, when you’re asked about what experiences make a great engineer, don’t talk about the importance of generosity. Talking too much or rambling will make the interviewers doubt your competency. Be as direct, focused, and concise as possible when answering your interviewer's questions.\\nYour answers should typically be 30 to 90 seconds long.\\n3-5. Don’t rush your answers or mumble.\\nDeliver your answers with confidence. Speak at a normal pace and an audible volume. Look your interviewers in the eye and smile as you speak.\\nTips\\nDon’t thumb your nose at practicums or internships with small companies. They can offer experiences that are just as rewarding as those at larger companies.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming an engineer is both fun and challenging. To get started, narrow your interests to the type of engineering you’re interested in and attend a university that offers a strong program in it. Gain some relevant work experience through internships and other work-study programs, and network with other engineers. With time and dedication, you’ll soon be an engineer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Engineering Background\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify the field of engineering you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Engineering is a broad and diverse field. You could be a robotics engineer, a civil engineer, a chemical engineer, or one of many other varieties. To identify the field you wish to work in, choose the field that interests you the most. Alternately, choose the field with the best job prospects or the one that enables you to earn the most money.\\nCheck your national department of labor statistics to determine which fields of engineering will enable you to make the most money or increase your odds of landing a job.\\nThere are about 40 types of engineering degrees.\\nThere is no right or wrong field of engineering for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a school that specializes in your field of engineering.\", \"描述\": \"Different colleges excel in different areas. Some schools offer robust civil engineering programs, while others have strong robotics engineering programs. Run a search online for the best school in the field you’re interested in.\\nThe schools with top engineering programs might be difficult to get into. Write a strong application letter and study hard for any entrance exams you might have to take.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add an international component to your education if you’re hoping to work abroad.\", \"描述\": \"Many engineering positions are available in developing countries. If you think you might want to leverage your engineering education into a position that allows you to work abroad, consider getting a minor in a foreign language, a certificate in international relations, or a similar qualification. You could also apply for a study abroad program through your school.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take advantage of university programs that connect you with engineering work.\", \"描述\": \"These programs might connect you with internships while you’re in school, or they might be designed to connect you with a job after you graduate. Talk to your professors about opportunities for engineering work while you’re still in school.\\nThese programs can both help you better understand how engineering looks in a practical environment and can help you get work experience that looks great on your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask smaller companies if they have work shadowing programs.\", \"描述\": \"Work shadowing programs allow you to follow an engineer through their day. Write a pleasant email to the company’s HR or hiring office inquiring about work shadowing opportunities. Alternately, you could call the company’s hiring office directly. In either case, ask, “Do you have any work shadowing opportunities available for an engineering student like me?”\\nWork shadowing opportunities allow you to get a feel for a particular company and to better understand how engineers go about their work.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply for internship\", \"描述\": \"Major companies and institutions with engineering departments often have internship programs. The process by which you secure an internship varies considerably from one company to the next, but it’s often no different than securing a job. Check the “Careers” page of major engineering firms for opportunities. You’ll need to fill out the application, submit a resume and/or references, and arrange an interview.\\nAim for paid internships whenever possible.\\nDuring an internship, you’ll be able to gain valuable on-the-job experience.\\nIf you’re pursuing a summer internship, you might even get to work in an engineering position full-time.\\nInternships are a great way to network with other people who might be able to provide recommendations at their company or elsewhere after you graduate.\\nYou might be able to get school credit for your internship. Talk to your university advisor about such an option.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Do a practicum in your final year of school.\", \"描述\": \"A practicum is a work opportunity that replaces or takes up a significant portion of your final university year. These placements carry a competitive salary and provide a deeper, more long-term experience than an internship. If you do well, practicums often lead to full-time positions after you graduate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find work opportunities through your network or online.\", \"描述\": \"Your professors are a great source for finding work. Ask them if they know of any job openings or if they have an industry connection who might be able to help you. Your school’s career advisor might also be able to assist you in finding a job.\\nIf your sources at school cannot help, or if you’re unsatisfied with their recommendations, check online. Employment sites like https://www.monster.com and https://www.Indeed.com are useful for finding jobs of all sorts, including engineering positions.\\nEngineering organizations often post jobs online or connect recent graduates with work opportunities. Check out the websites of engineering organizations in your area for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make a relevant resume.\", \"描述\": \"Your resume should not contain every work experience you’ve ever had. Focus on your education, your relevant work experience, and any relevant internships or volunteer roles you’ve had. Emphasize the ways in which your skills match the job description.\\nFor instance, if the job you’re applying for is looking for someone with experience in the automotive industry and you have experience working for an auto parts manufacturer, you should include this experience in your cover letter and in your resume.\\nList your engineering skills and specialties.\\nYou can also list relevant coursework, if applicable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Expound on your experience in your cover letter.\", \"描述\": \"Open the letter with a compelling introductory paragraph that explains why you want the job and why you’re the right person for it. Then, tailor your cover letter for the job. For instance, if your resume refers to an internship at an auto parts manufacturing factory, you should delve into more depth in your cover letter. Explain what your specific responsibilities were and how you made a positive contribution to the company in your time there.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Nailing the Interview\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do a mock interview with your college advisor or someone you trust.\", \"描述\": \"Some college career centers have advisors who can help you prepare with a mock interview. Take advantage of this service if it’s available. If mock interview help is not available at your school, sit with a friend or family member (preferably someone with engineering experience) and provide them with a list of potential questions you expect to be asked during your job interview.\\nInvite the mock interviewer to ask their own relevant questions if they think of any.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to explain why you’ve chosen to become an engineer.\", \"描述\": \"Employers want to see someone who has self-knowledge and a certain degree of passion for engineering. For instance, you might say, “I am passionate about engineering because I love the creative process, the collaborative lab environment, and the knowledge that my engineering is contributing to a better world. I’d like to bring that passion to your company.”\\nBe able to describe your career goals in a sentence or two.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do some background research into the company you’re applying to.\", \"描述\": \"Read the company’s values and mission statement, and make note of how they resonate with you. Do some research into what sorts of products the company makes or what sorts of services it provides, and use this information in the interview to explain why you’re interested in working for them.\\nFor instance, if you’re applying to be a medical device engineer, you could say, “I believe in your company’s mission of empowering doctors and medical professionals to do their jobs better and, ultimately, save lives.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay focused on the questions you’re asked when answering.\", \"描述\": \"For instance, when you’re asked about what experiences make a great engineer, don’t talk about the importance of generosity. Talking too much or rambling will make the interviewers doubt your competency. Be as direct, focused, and concise as possible when answering your interviewer's questions.\\nYour answers should typically be 30 to 90 seconds long.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don’t rush your answers or mumble.\", \"描述\": \"Deliver your answers with confidence. Speak at a normal pace and an audible volume. Look your interviewers in the eye and smile as you speak.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t thumb your nose at practicums or internships with small companies. They can offer experiences that are just as rewarding as those at larger companies.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,987 |
How to Become an English Literature Professor
|
1. Getting the Necessary Credentials
1-1. Complete an undergraduate degree in English Literature or a related field.
Though it will be more beneficial to have a degree in English Literature, a degree in a related field or subject like Comparative Literature or Creative Writing can also move you forward in your career. You should maintain an excellent grade point average and do well overall in your undergraduate degree to appear more appealing to graduate schools.
In some cases, you can teach English at the higher education level even if your undergraduate degree is in an unrelated field like fine art or engineering. However, you will need to able to demonstrate that you have a high level of expertise and writing ability in your applications to graduate English programs.
In a bachelor’s English Literature program, you may cover subjects such as English literature, American literature, African American literature, Postcolonial literature, Shakespeare, nonfiction, global literature, and contemporary novels and short stories.
1-2. Apply for master’s programs in English Literature.
To teach English Literature at the college or university level as a professor, you will need to begin by completing your master’s in English Literature. Many master’s programs are one to two years and require you to choose a sub-field of English literature that you would like to specialize in, for example, the seventeenth-century novel, postcolonial literature, or American poetry. You will be required to produce a written dissertation, known as your master's thesis, on your chosen topic of specialization in order to graduate.
During your master’s degree, you should try to get more experience in the classroom as an instructor. If possible, you should apply for a teacher assistant (T.A.) position, which will allow you to work closely with an experienced professor and gain first-hand experience in a college classroom. Your responsibilities as T.A. may include organizing class materials, instructing students on small tasks, grading assignments, preparing exams, and lecturing on topics to the class. Your professor will give you expectations around how many hours a week you are expected to put into your T.A. position.
1-3. Complete an application for a PhD program in English literature.
In your application, indicate your area of expertise, your readiness for doctoral research, and your past accomplishments in the field. Include examples of your work from your undergraduate or master's program.
To complete the application for most programs, you will need to provide a statement of purpose, a CV or resume, letters of recommendation (at least two for most programs), and a writing sample. A writing sample that showcases your best writing in essay or paper form is expected for the application.
In a recent study done by an economist, data showed that getting a PhD from a top 10 ranked school can improve your chances of landing a position as an English Literature professor. Though you may be able to find a position if you go to a lower-ranked university for your PhD, you may end up working with undergraduates with weak academic backgrounds. Take this information into account when you are applying for PhD programs.
You should focus on coursework and expanding the scope of your reading during the first two years as a doctoral student. You should also try to secure a position as a teaching assistant or lecturer during the middle years of your doctoral program. Teaching experience is essential for becoming an English literature professor.
1-4. Publish papers and other original research.
You should try to do this as soon as possible, or at least by the second year of your degree. Having a record of publications and research will look good on your resume when you are applying for English literature teaching positions.
Ideally, you will publish papers early in your PhD career and often. You should try to gear your seminar papers towards topics that you are interested in or have specialized knowledge in the subject. You can then revise them and submit them for publication in journals. To submit papers for publication, you should look on the website of the publication for the submission guidelines. Each publication will have its own guidelines to follow in order to submit your article for consideration. You can find a database of current English literature journals for submission here.
1-5. Complete your dissertation.
You will then need to complete a dissertation by the end of your sixth or seventh year in graduate school that demonstrates your mastery of your chosen sub-field, your ability to conduct original research, and your writing ability. Once you complete your dissertation, your degree will be complete and you can enter the workforce.
2. Finding a Position
2-1. Search for open positions at colleges and universities the year before you graduate.
Between 2012-2022, the job market for postsecondary teachers is expected to rise by 19%. However, it can be difficult to get a position straight out of your PhD and academics is a competitive market, so you should begin your job search while you are still completing your PhD.
The most desirable jobs are tenure-track positions at major universities; after those, look for lecturer positions or adjunct faculty posts. Teaching-intensive jobs at junior or community colleges are another option.
You should also look for postdoctoral research positions, as they are a good stepping-stone to move from the completion of your PhD to a permanent position. These positions can allow you to pursue further research and, often, gain teaching experience, increasing your job prospects later.
Often, you may find that many job offers are for part-time work as an adjunct professor. Even with a PhD, many masters graduates struggle to find full-time work, especially if they did not attend an Ivy League masters program. In fact, 58% of community college courses are taught by adjunct professors and at least 50% of all university faculties are not tenure tracked. It's important that you keep an open mind and do not only search for tenure tracked or full time teaching positions, as these positions may not be available for a long time in the current state of the field.
Keep in mind your salary may fluctuate based on what state you are teaching in. For example, post-secondary teachers in Vermont had an annual mean wage of $75,860 and the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers in California was $82,290.
In general, the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers as of 2013 was $60,920. The upper 90% of these teachers can make $116,460 or more per year, and the lowest 10% of these teachers can make $32,610 or less.
2-2. Be prepared to work in a related field.
Many newly graduated PhD English literature students can have a difficult time finding a position as a professor at a university. Some students end up teaching composition or reading and comprehension, instead of English literature. You may also find more open positions in interdisciplinary studies or in non-academic studies. Often, PhD programs do not prepare students for other options besides a career as an English literature professor, which has been a point of criticism from economists and individuals working in English literature PhD departments.
It’s important to be open to work in other related fields once you graduate from your PhD program. You may find a position as an English literature professor at a university, or you may have to branch out to teaching reading composition and technical writing. Some PhD graduates have also found success teaching at high schools, especially elite high schools. These positions can pay well and offer a more secure teaching career.
2-3. Continue to publish and maintain a good teaching record.
Once you secure a position at a university or college, you should continue to publish new work every year and maintain a positive teaching record. If you are not already tenured, you may be offered a tenured position at the university you currently work for or at other universities based on your publishing credentials and your teaching record.
Tips
The most important factor when applying to faculty positions is often not your ability to teach English, but your research and publication record. Therefore, it is important to focus on your research and writing abilities even as an undergraduate.
Although the process of becoming an English literature professor is usually begun in the late teens or early twenties, it is still possible to secure a job as an English professor later in one's career. However, the only experience that will count is your academic record.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Necessary Credentials\\n1-1. Complete an undergraduate degree in English Literature or a related field.\\nThough it will be more beneficial to have a degree in English Literature, a degree in a related field or subject like Comparative Literature or Creative Writing can also move you forward in your career. You should maintain an excellent grade point average and do well overall in your undergraduate degree to appear more appealing to graduate schools.\\nIn some cases, you can teach English at the higher education level even if your undergraduate degree is in an unrelated field like fine art or engineering. However, you will need to able to demonstrate that you have a high level of expertise and writing ability in your applications to graduate English programs.\\nIn a bachelor’s English Literature program, you may cover subjects such as English literature, American literature, African American literature, Postcolonial literature, Shakespeare, nonfiction, global literature, and contemporary novels and short stories.\\n1-2. Apply for master’s programs in English Literature.\\nTo teach English Literature at the college or university level as a professor, you will need to begin by completing your master’s in English Literature. Many master’s programs are one to two years and require you to choose a sub-field of English literature that you would like to specialize in, for example, the seventeenth-century novel, postcolonial literature, or American poetry. You will be required to produce a written dissertation, known as your master's thesis, on your chosen topic of specialization in order to graduate.\\nDuring your master’s degree, you should try to get more experience in the classroom as an instructor. If possible, you should apply for a teacher assistant (T.A.) position, which will allow you to work closely with an experienced professor and gain first-hand experience in a college classroom. Your responsibilities as T.A. may include organizing class materials, instructing students on small tasks, grading assignments, preparing exams, and lecturing on topics to the class. Your professor will give you expectations around how many hours a week you are expected to put into your T.A. position.\\n1-3. Complete an application for a PhD program in English literature.\\nIn your application, indicate your area of expertise, your readiness for doctoral research, and your past accomplishments in the field. Include examples of your work from your undergraduate or master's program.\\nTo complete the application for most programs, you will need to provide a statement of purpose, a CV or resume, letters of recommendation (at least two for most programs), and a writing sample. A writing sample that showcases your best writing in essay or paper form is expected for the application.\\nIn a recent study done by an economist, data showed that getting a PhD from a top 10 ranked school can improve your chances of landing a position as an English Literature professor. Though you may be able to find a position if you go to a lower-ranked university for your PhD, you may end up working with undergraduates with weak academic backgrounds. Take this information into account when you are applying for PhD programs.\\nYou should focus on coursework and expanding the scope of your reading during the first two years as a doctoral student. You should also try to secure a position as a teaching assistant or lecturer during the middle years of your doctoral program. Teaching experience is essential for becoming an English literature professor.\\n1-4. Publish papers and other original research.\\nYou should try to do this as soon as possible, or at least by the second year of your degree. Having a record of publications and research will look good on your resume when you are applying for English literature teaching positions.\\nIdeally, you will publish papers early in your PhD career and often. You should try to gear your seminar papers towards topics that you are interested in or have specialized knowledge in the subject. You can then revise them and submit them for publication in journals. To submit papers for publication, you should look on the website of the publication for the submission guidelines. Each publication will have its own guidelines to follow in order to submit your article for consideration. You can find a database of current English literature journals for submission here.\\n1-5. Complete your dissertation.\\nYou will then need to complete a dissertation by the end of your sixth or seventh year in graduate school that demonstrates your mastery of your chosen sub-field, your ability to conduct original research, and your writing ability. Once you complete your dissertation, your degree will be complete and you can enter the workforce.\\n2. Finding a Position\\n2-1. Search for open positions at colleges and universities the year before you graduate.\\nBetween 2012-2022, the job market for postsecondary teachers is expected to rise by 19%. However, it can be difficult to get a position straight out of your PhD and academics is a competitive market, so you should begin your job search while you are still completing your PhD.\\nThe most desirable jobs are tenure-track positions at major universities; after those, look for lecturer positions or adjunct faculty posts. Teaching-intensive jobs at junior or community colleges are another option.\\nYou should also look for postdoctoral research positions, as they are a good stepping-stone to move from the completion of your PhD to a permanent position. These positions can allow you to pursue further research and, often, gain teaching experience, increasing your job prospects later.\\nOften, you may find that many job offers are for part-time work as an adjunct professor. Even with a PhD, many masters graduates struggle to find full-time work, especially if they did not attend an Ivy League masters program. In fact, 58% of community college courses are taught by adjunct professors and at least 50% of all university faculties are not tenure tracked. It's important that you keep an open mind and do not only search for tenure tracked or full time teaching positions, as these positions may not be available for a long time in the current state of the field.\\nKeep in mind your salary may fluctuate based on what state you are teaching in. For example, post-secondary teachers in Vermont had an annual mean wage of $75,860 and the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers in California was $82,290.\\nIn general, the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers as of 2013 was $60,920. The upper 90% of these teachers can make $116,460 or more per year, and the lowest 10% of these teachers can make $32,610 or less.\\n2-2. Be prepared to work in a related field.\\nMany newly graduated PhD English literature students can have a difficult time finding a position as a professor at a university. Some students end up teaching composition or reading and comprehension, instead of English literature. You may also find more open positions in interdisciplinary studies or in non-academic studies. Often, PhD programs do not prepare students for other options besides a career as an English literature professor, which has been a point of criticism from economists and individuals working in English literature PhD departments.\\nIt’s important to be open to work in other related fields once you graduate from your PhD program. You may find a position as an English literature professor at a university, or you may have to branch out to teaching reading composition and technical writing. Some PhD graduates have also found success teaching at high schools, especially elite high schools. These positions can pay well and offer a more secure teaching career.\\n2-3. Continue to publish and maintain a good teaching record.\\nOnce you secure a position at a university or college, you should continue to publish new work every year and maintain a positive teaching record. If you are not already tenured, you may be offered a tenured position at the university you currently work for or at other universities based on your publishing credentials and your teaching record.\\nTips\\nThe most important factor when applying to faculty positions is often not your ability to teach English, but your research and publication record. Therefore, it is important to focus on your research and writing abilities even as an undergraduate.\\nAlthough the process of becoming an English literature professor is usually begun in the late teens or early twenties, it is still possible to secure a job as an English professor later in one's career. However, the only experience that will count is your academic record.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An English literature professor teaches English-language literature and related subjects at a college or university. In most cases, an English professor is also required to publish articles and write books about literature. To become an English Literature professor, you will need to have a critical approach to literature, be able to communicate effectively, have the necessary post-secondary education and be willing to put in years of hard work and study.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Necessary Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete an undergraduate degree in English Literature or a related field.\", \"描述\": \"Though it will be more beneficial to have a degree in English Literature, a degree in a related field or subject like Comparative Literature or Creative Writing can also move you forward in your career. You should maintain an excellent grade point average and do well overall in your undergraduate degree to appear more appealing to graduate schools.\\nIn some cases, you can teach English at the higher education level even if your undergraduate degree is in an unrelated field like fine art or engineering. However, you will need to able to demonstrate that you have a high level of expertise and writing ability in your applications to graduate English programs.\\nIn a bachelor’s English Literature program, you may cover subjects such as English literature, American literature, African American literature, Postcolonial literature, Shakespeare, nonfiction, global literature, and contemporary novels and short stories.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for master’s programs in English Literature.\", \"描述\": \"To teach English Literature at the college or university level as a professor, you will need to begin by completing your master’s in English Literature. Many master’s programs are one to two years and require you to choose a sub-field of English literature that you would like to specialize in, for example, the seventeenth-century novel, postcolonial literature, or American poetry. You will be required to produce a written dissertation, known as your master's thesis, on your chosen topic of specialization in order to graduate.\\nDuring your master’s degree, you should try to get more experience in the classroom as an instructor. If possible, you should apply for a teacher assistant (T.A.) position, which will allow you to work closely with an experienced professor and gain first-hand experience in a college classroom. Your responsibilities as T.A. may include organizing class materials, instructing students on small tasks, grading assignments, preparing exams, and lecturing on topics to the class. Your professor will give you expectations around how many hours a week you are expected to put into your T.A. position.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete an application for a PhD program in English literature.\", \"描述\": \"In your application, indicate your area of expertise, your readiness for doctoral research, and your past accomplishments in the field. Include examples of your work from your undergraduate or master's program.\\nTo complete the application for most programs, you will need to provide a statement of purpose, a CV or resume, letters of recommendation (at least two for most programs), and a writing sample. A writing sample that showcases your best writing in essay or paper form is expected for the application.\\nIn a recent study done by an economist, data showed that getting a PhD from a top 10 ranked school can improve your chances of landing a position as an English Literature professor. Though you may be able to find a position if you go to a lower-ranked university for your PhD, you may end up working with undergraduates with weak academic backgrounds. Take this information into account when you are applying for PhD programs.\\nYou should focus on coursework and expanding the scope of your reading during the first two years as a doctoral student. You should also try to secure a position as a teaching assistant or lecturer during the middle years of your doctoral program. Teaching experience is essential for becoming an English literature professor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Publish papers and other original research.\", \"描述\": \"You should try to do this as soon as possible, or at least by the second year of your degree. Having a record of publications and research will look good on your resume when you are applying for English literature teaching positions.\\nIdeally, you will publish papers early in your PhD career and often. You should try to gear your seminar papers towards topics that you are interested in or have specialized knowledge in the subject. You can then revise them and submit them for publication in journals. To submit papers for publication, you should look on the website of the publication for the submission guidelines. Each publication will have its own guidelines to follow in order to submit your article for consideration. You can find a database of current English literature journals for submission here.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete your dissertation.\", \"描述\": \"You will then need to complete a dissertation by the end of your sixth or seventh year in graduate school that demonstrates your mastery of your chosen sub-field, your ability to conduct original research, and your writing ability. Once you complete your dissertation, your degree will be complete and you can enter the workforce.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding a Position\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Search for open positions at colleges and universities the year before you graduate.\", \"描述\": \"Between 2012-2022, the job market for postsecondary teachers is expected to rise by 19%. However, it can be difficult to get a position straight out of your PhD and academics is a competitive market, so you should begin your job search while you are still completing your PhD.\\nThe most desirable jobs are tenure-track positions at major universities; after those, look for lecturer positions or adjunct faculty posts. Teaching-intensive jobs at junior or community colleges are another option.\\nYou should also look for postdoctoral research positions, as they are a good stepping-stone to move from the completion of your PhD to a permanent position. These positions can allow you to pursue further research and, often, gain teaching experience, increasing your job prospects later.\\nOften, you may find that many job offers are for part-time work as an adjunct professor. Even with a PhD, many masters graduates struggle to find full-time work, especially if they did not attend an Ivy League masters program. In fact, 58% of community college courses are taught by adjunct professors and at least 50% of all university faculties are not tenure tracked. It's important that you keep an open mind and do not only search for tenure tracked or full time teaching positions, as these positions may not be available for a long time in the current state of the field.\\nKeep in mind your salary may fluctuate based on what state you are teaching in. For example, post-secondary teachers in Vermont had an annual mean wage of $75,860 and the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers in California was $82,290.\\nIn general, the median annual wage for post-secondary English teachers as of 2013 was $60,920. The upper 90% of these teachers can make $116,460 or more per year, and the lowest 10% of these teachers can make $32,610 or less.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to work in a related field.\", \"描述\": \"Many newly graduated PhD English literature students can have a difficult time finding a position as a professor at a university. Some students end up teaching composition or reading and comprehension, instead of English literature. You may also find more open positions in interdisciplinary studies or in non-academic studies. Often, PhD programs do not prepare students for other options besides a career as an English literature professor, which has been a point of criticism from economists and individuals working in English literature PhD departments.\\nIt’s important to be open to work in other related fields once you graduate from your PhD program. You may find a position as an English literature professor at a university, or you may have to branch out to teaching reading composition and technical writing. Some PhD graduates have also found success teaching at high schools, especially elite high schools. These positions can pay well and offer a more secure teaching career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue to publish and maintain a good teaching record.\", \"描述\": \"Once you secure a position at a university or college, you should continue to publish new work every year and maintain a positive teaching record. If you are not already tenured, you may be offered a tenured position at the university you currently work for or at other universities based on your publishing credentials and your teaching record.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The most important factor when applying to faculty positions is often not your ability to teach English, but your research and publication record. Therefore, it is important to focus on your research and writing abilities even as an undergraduate.\\n\", \"Although the process of becoming an English literature professor is usually begun in the late teens or early twenties, it is still possible to secure a job as an English professor later in one's career. However, the only experience that will count is your academic record.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,988 |
How to Become an English Teacher in France
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1. Deciding Where to Teach
1-1. Apply to a business teaching job.
Most of the business English classes in France are organized through the French Chamber of Commerce. Teaching takes place in a classroom environment or at the business itself. As a business English teacher, you might be teaching technicians, engineers, accountants, or salespeople.
Contact the French Chamber of Commerce to learn about business teaching opportunities.
Private companies like inlingua also often recruit English teachers for other businesses.
1-2. Teach at an academy or school.
Teaching in a French public or private school (an academy) is the most common course for those wishing to teach English in France. Depending on the school you work for, you might teach a single grade or a single age group (such as elementary, high school, or middle school students), or you might be responsible for teaching all ages.
There are a wide variety of ways to teach at a school or academy. You could apply directly to schools that advertise for teachers online, or you could contact the French Ministry of Education for information about its teaching programs.
Americans could apply to be school teachers through the Teaching Assistant Program in France (TAPIF).
1-3. Teach private lessons.
Private lessons will probably not provide enough income to live on, but if you’re looking for some extra money, they’re a good option. To get started, check French web forums and job boards asking for private lessons. Alternately, once you’ve settled into a job, ask your French friends and contacts if they know of anyone interested in taking English lessons.
You might also choose to advertise your tutoring services in the local paper or in web forums for French people interested in learning English.
Due to their high student populations, university towns like Grenoble, Bordeaux, Montpelier, and Toulouse are especially good places to pick up private lessons.
You can often charge 15 to 20 euros (about to $20 to $28 USD) an hour for lessons. You will not need a work permit for these types of informal arrangements.
1-4. Apply at the right time.
While businesses hire year-round, the bulk of teaching jobs get filled during the summer (in advance of the fall school semester) and in the fall (in advance of the winter school semester). Look for jobs during these times to increase your odds of finding a position.
1-5. Decide where you want to work.
You can apply to jobs almost anywhere in France, but jobs in Paris are the most sought-after and competitive. You might have more luck if you apply for a job in the French countryside or suburbs.
2. Getting the Right Education
2-1. Get a bachelor’s degree.
For most English teaching jobs, you’ll need a four-year college degree in any subject. Certain subjects like education or English can increase your odds of landing a job teaching English in France.
2-2. Get a Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA).
The CELTA is necessary for teaching in French schools and academies. To take the CELTA, you’ll need to register with an authorized exam center.
Use the Cambridge English portal at http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/find-a-centre/find-a-teaching-centre/ to find a CELTA test site near you.
2-3. Get another TEFL certification.
CELTA is the most prestigious language certification, but depending on the job you apply to, you might be able to get away with another certification in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). These fall into a number of different types – some are 100-hour courses, some are 120-hour courses, and some are 140 hours or more.
Certificates with less than 120 hours will probably not be recognized as valid.
The more hours your certification course requires, the better your chances of landing a job in France.
Online TEFL certificates are often not accepted as valid by employers, and certificates obtained through a traditional classroom course are given more weight in the application process.
2-4. Learn French.
To teach English in France through a government program, you must have an intermediate proficiency in French. That is, you should be able to communicate in everyday situations, complete daily tasks, and hold conversations of substance in French. To develop this ability, take as many French courses as possible in high school and college.
Even if French is not required for your job, it’s a good idea to learn the language since you’ll be living in France for the duration of your teaching contract.
3. Meeting Other Requirements
3-1. Be of the proper age.
Some jobs require that you fall within a prescribed age range. The Teaching Assistant Program in France, for instance, only accepts applications from people 20-35 years of age.
3-2. Prove your command of French.
Some jobs will require you to speak French. There are three main ways to prove that you’re proficient in French. The job to which you apply will provide information regarding how they want you to prove your command of French.
You could be asked to submit your university transcript to show what grades you got in your French courses.
You might need to write a personal statement of motivation in French.
It’s also possible that you’ll need to obtain a letter of recommendation from a French language professor or an evaluator from Alliance Francaise.
If you haven’t taken many (or any) French courses, you could choose to take a standardized French language test. This is rarely necessary, but acing a test like the TEF, DELF or DALF could help your application.
3-3. Have some prior experience in France or abroad.
To teach English in France, you’ll need to have a certain degree of adaptability and cultural understanding. If you’ve spent time traveling or working in France or another foreign nation – especially one within the Francophone world (French-speaking nations) – you’ll increase your odds of finding work as an English teacher in France.
3-4. Have some prior teaching experience.
Some jobs require prior work experience as a teacher. If you’ve taught English (or another subject) in your home country, you’ll increase your odds of getting a job teaching English in France. If you have experience teaching abroad in another foreign country, you will become even more attractive in the eyes of employers.
3-5. Obtain a visa.
If you’re not in the EU, you’ll usually need to obtain a work visa before you can become an English teacher in France. The process by which you obtain a work visa varies depending on your country, but generally, you’ll need to obtain sponsorship from a school or other employer in France, then apply through your nearest French embassy or consulate for a work visa.
Citizens of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada might be able to teach on a student visa. Those between the ages of 18-30 could apply for a working holiday. Contact your local French consulate or embassy for more information about student visas and working holiday opportunities.
4. Managing the Logistics
4-1. Find out more about the institution.
Before applying to and accepting a job at a given institution, find out as much as possible about it. If you have friends or relatives in the area, ask them to scout it out for you. Check forums and reviews for the school online to determine if it’s a good place to work.
If a particular school contacts you about a job, ask them for the phone number or email address of a current native English teacher. Talk to this person about their experience to find out more about what it’s like to work at the school.
4-2. Arrange your housing.
Sometimes your host institution or recruitment agency will provide or help you obtain housing. However, your housing situation might also be left entirely up to you. If you have friends or colleagues in France already, you could ask to stay with them (at least temporarily). Otherwise, stay in a hostel for a couple weeks while you search for an apartment near your place of work.
Use a travel guide to identify affordable hostels in the area where you’re working.
4-3. Read your contract carefully.
Your contract will delineate important details regarding your working conditions. Pay attention to details like your salary, holiday pay, whether you’ll be paid for preparation time, and how many working hours are expected of you. Additionally, find out if your school or sponsoring institution will pay any travel fees you incur when going to France.
Insist on getting these important details in your contract. Don’t accept verbal confirmation of a particular working condition in lieu of a black-and-white statement in your contract.
4-4. Decide if you want to be an entrepreneur.
Some English teaching jobs allow you to register as an “auto-entrepreneur.” Under this status, you will be legally registered as a freelance teacher rather than as a regular employee. Auto-entrepreneur status could allow you to demand a higher wage, but you’ll have to figure out how to pay taxes French on your own.
If you’re only teaching English in France for a short time, it’s best to avoid becoming an auto-entrepreneur since the administrative challenges can be significant. If you’re in France for the long haul, though, you might want to consider it.
Additionally, you can only register as an auto-entrepreneur if you have more than one client. So if you’re working full-time at a school or academy and take on a part-time private lesson, you could qualify for auto-entrepreneur status.
Tips
Take enough money with you to pay for two or three months of expenses. That way, if you have some up-front expenses when you arrive (like furnishing your apartment, putting a deposit down on your apartment, etc.) you’ll be able to do so without going broke.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Deciding Where to Teach\\n1-1. Apply to a business teaching job.\\nMost of the business English classes in France are organized through the French Chamber of Commerce. Teaching takes place in a classroom environment or at the business itself. As a business English teacher, you might be teaching technicians, engineers, accountants, or salespeople.\\nContact the French Chamber of Commerce to learn about business teaching opportunities.\\nPrivate companies like inlingua also often recruit English teachers for other businesses.\\n1-2. Teach at an academy or school.\\nTeaching in a French public or private school (an academy) is the most common course for those wishing to teach English in France. Depending on the school you work for, you might teach a single grade or a single age group (such as elementary, high school, or middle school students), or you might be responsible for teaching all ages.\\nThere are a wide variety of ways to teach at a school or academy. You could apply directly to schools that advertise for teachers online, or you could contact the French Ministry of Education for information about its teaching programs.\\nAmericans could apply to be school teachers through the Teaching Assistant Program in France (TAPIF).\\n1-3. Teach private lessons.\\nPrivate lessons will probably not provide enough income to live on, but if you’re looking for some extra money, they’re a good option. To get started, check French web forums and job boards asking for private lessons. Alternately, once you’ve settled into a job, ask your French friends and contacts if they know of anyone interested in taking English lessons.\\nYou might also choose to advertise your tutoring services in the local paper or in web forums for French people interested in learning English.\\nDue to their high student populations, university towns like Grenoble, Bordeaux, Montpelier, and Toulouse are especially good places to pick up private lessons.\\nYou can often charge 15 to 20 euros (about to $20 to $28 USD) an hour for lessons. You will not need a work permit for these types of informal arrangements.\\n1-4. Apply at the right time.\\nWhile businesses hire year-round, the bulk of teaching jobs get filled during the summer (in advance of the fall school semester) and in the fall (in advance of the winter school semester). Look for jobs during these times to increase your odds of finding a position.\\n1-5. Decide where you want to work.\\nYou can apply to jobs almost anywhere in France, but jobs in Paris are the most sought-after and competitive. You might have more luck if you apply for a job in the French countryside or suburbs.\\n2. Getting the Right Education\\n2-1. Get a bachelor’s degree.\\nFor most English teaching jobs, you’ll need a four-year college degree in any subject. Certain subjects like education or English can increase your odds of landing a job teaching English in France.\\n2-2. Get a Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA).\\nThe CELTA is necessary for teaching in French schools and academies. To take the CELTA, you’ll need to register with an authorized exam center.\\nUse the Cambridge English portal at http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/find-a-centre/find-a-teaching-centre/ to find a CELTA test site near you.\\n2-3. Get another TEFL certification.\\nCELTA is the most prestigious language certification, but depending on the job you apply to, you might be able to get away with another certification in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). These fall into a number of different types – some are 100-hour courses, some are 120-hour courses, and some are 140 hours or more.\\nCertificates with less than 120 hours will probably not be recognized as valid.\\nThe more hours your certification course requires, the better your chances of landing a job in France.\\nOnline TEFL certificates are often not accepted as valid by employers, and certificates obtained through a traditional classroom course are given more weight in the application process.\\n2-4. Learn French.\\nTo teach English in France through a government program, you must have an intermediate proficiency in French. That is, you should be able to communicate in everyday situations, complete daily tasks, and hold conversations of substance in French. To develop this ability, take as many French courses as possible in high school and college.\\nEven if French is not required for your job, it’s a good idea to learn the language since you’ll be living in France for the duration of your teaching contract.\\n3. Meeting Other Requirements\\n3-1. Be of the proper age.\\nSome jobs require that you fall within a prescribed age range. The Teaching Assistant Program in France, for instance, only accepts applications from people 20-35 years of age.\\n3-2. Prove your command of French.\\nSome jobs will require you to speak French. There are three main ways to prove that you’re proficient in French. The job to which you apply will provide information regarding how they want you to prove your command of French.\\nYou could be asked to submit your university transcript to show what grades you got in your French courses.\\nYou might need to write a personal statement of motivation in French.\\nIt’s also possible that you’ll need to obtain a letter of recommendation from a French language professor or an evaluator from Alliance Francaise.\\nIf you haven’t taken many (or any) French courses, you could choose to take a standardized French language test. This is rarely necessary, but acing a test like the TEF, DELF or DALF could help your application.\\n3-3. Have some prior experience in France or abroad.\\nTo teach English in France, you’ll need to have a certain degree of adaptability and cultural understanding. If you’ve spent time traveling or working in France or another foreign nation – especially one within the Francophone world (French-speaking nations) – you’ll increase your odds of finding work as an English teacher in France.\\n3-4. Have some prior teaching experience.\\nSome jobs require prior work experience as a teacher. If you’ve taught English (or another subject) in your home country, you’ll increase your odds of getting a job teaching English in France. If you have experience teaching abroad in another foreign country, you will become even more attractive in the eyes of employers.\\n3-5. Obtain a visa.\\nIf you’re not in the EU, you’ll usually need to obtain a work visa before you can become an English teacher in France. The process by which you obtain a work visa varies depending on your country, but generally, you’ll need to obtain sponsorship from a school or other employer in France, then apply through your nearest French embassy or consulate for a work visa.\\nCitizens of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada might be able to teach on a student visa. Those between the ages of 18-30 could apply for a working holiday. Contact your local French consulate or embassy for more information about student visas and working holiday opportunities.\\n4. Managing the Logistics\\n4-1. Find out more about the institution.\\nBefore applying to and accepting a job at a given institution, find out as much as possible about it. If you have friends or relatives in the area, ask them to scout it out for you. Check forums and reviews for the school online to determine if it’s a good place to work.\\nIf a particular school contacts you about a job, ask them for the phone number or email address of a current native English teacher. Talk to this person about their experience to find out more about what it’s like to work at the school.\\n4-2. Arrange your housing.\\nSometimes your host institution or recruitment agency will provide or help you obtain housing. However, your housing situation might also be left entirely up to you. If you have friends or colleagues in France already, you could ask to stay with them (at least temporarily). Otherwise, stay in a hostel for a couple weeks while you search for an apartment near your place of work.\\nUse a travel guide to identify affordable hostels in the area where you’re working.\\n4-3. Read your contract carefully.\\nYour contract will delineate important details regarding your working conditions. Pay attention to details like your salary, holiday pay, whether you’ll be paid for preparation time, and how many working hours are expected of you. Additionally, find out if your school or sponsoring institution will pay any travel fees you incur when going to France.\\nInsist on getting these important details in your contract. Don’t accept verbal confirmation of a particular working condition in lieu of a black-and-white statement in your contract.\\n4-4. Decide if you want to be an entrepreneur.\\nSome English teaching jobs allow you to register as an “auto-entrepreneur.” Under this status, you will be legally registered as a freelance teacher rather than as a regular employee. Auto-entrepreneur status could allow you to demand a higher wage, but you’ll have to figure out how to pay taxes French on your own.\\nIf you’re only teaching English in France for a short time, it’s best to avoid becoming an auto-entrepreneur since the administrative challenges can be significant. If you’re in France for the long haul, though, you might want to consider it.\\nAdditionally, you can only register as an auto-entrepreneur if you have more than one client. So if you’re working full-time at a school or academy and take on a part-time private lesson, you could qualify for auto-entrepreneur status.\\nTips\\nTake enough money with you to pay for two or three months of expenses. That way, if you have some up-front expenses when you arrive (like furnishing your apartment, putting a deposit down on your apartment, etc.) you’ll be able to do so without going broke.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Teaching English is a popular and practical way to support yourself while living or traveling in France. Because of the great demand for English teachers, finding employment is seldom difficult. However, French authorities require foreigners to go through several steps before working in France. It’s important to avoid travel difficulties by getting your visa and other paperwork in order. You’ll also want to be prepared to teach and live abroad by getting the right education and learning about your new home.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Deciding Where to Teach\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to a business teaching job.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the business English classes in France are organized through the French Chamber of Commerce. Teaching takes place in a classroom environment or at the business itself. As a business English teacher, you might be teaching technicians, engineers, accountants, or salespeople.\\nContact the French Chamber of Commerce to learn about business teaching opportunities.\\nPrivate companies like inlingua also often recruit English teachers for other businesses.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Teach at an academy or school.\", \"描述\": \"Teaching in a French public or private school (an academy) is the most common course for those wishing to teach English in France. Depending on the school you work for, you might teach a single grade or a single age group (such as elementary, high school, or middle school students), or you might be responsible for teaching all ages.\\nThere are a wide variety of ways to teach at a school or academy. You could apply directly to schools that advertise for teachers online, or you could contact the French Ministry of Education for information about its teaching programs.\\nAmericans could apply to be school teachers through the Teaching Assistant Program in France (TAPIF).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach private lessons.\", \"描述\": \"Private lessons will probably not provide enough income to live on, but if you’re looking for some extra money, they’re a good option. To get started, check French web forums and job boards asking for private lessons. Alternately, once you’ve settled into a job, ask your French friends and contacts if they know of anyone interested in taking English lessons.\\nYou might also choose to advertise your tutoring services in the local paper or in web forums for French people interested in learning English.\\nDue to their high student populations, university towns like Grenoble, Bordeaux, Montpelier, and Toulouse are especially good places to pick up private lessons.\\nYou can often charge 15 to 20 euros (about to $20 to $28 USD) an hour for lessons. You will not need a work permit for these types of informal arrangements.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply at the right time.\", \"描述\": \"While businesses hire year-round, the bulk of teaching jobs get filled during the summer (in advance of the fall school semester) and in the fall (in advance of the winter school semester). Look for jobs during these times to increase your odds of finding a position.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Decide where you want to work.\", \"描述\": \"You can apply to jobs almost anywhere in France, but jobs in Paris are the most sought-after and competitive. You might have more luck if you apply for a job in the French countryside or suburbs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Right Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"For most English teaching jobs, you’ll need a four-year college degree in any subject. Certain subjects like education or English can increase your odds of landing a job teaching English in France.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA).\", \"描述\": \"The CELTA is necessary for teaching in French schools and academies. To take the CELTA, you’ll need to register with an authorized exam center.\\nUse the Cambridge English portal at http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/find-a-centre/find-a-teaching-centre/ to find a CELTA test site near you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get another TEFL certification.\", \"描述\": \"CELTA is the most prestigious language certification, but depending on the job you apply to, you might be able to get away with another certification in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). These fall into a number of different types – some are 100-hour courses, some are 120-hour courses, and some are 140 hours or more.\\nCertificates with less than 120 hours will probably not be recognized as valid.\\nThe more hours your certification course requires, the better your chances of landing a job in France.\\nOnline TEFL certificates are often not accepted as valid by employers, and certificates obtained through a traditional classroom course are given more weight in the application process.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn French.\", \"描述\": \"To teach English in France through a government program, you must have an intermediate proficiency in French. That is, you should be able to communicate in everyday situations, complete daily tasks, and hold conversations of substance in French. To develop this ability, take as many French courses as possible in high school and college.\\nEven if French is not required for your job, it’s a good idea to learn the language since you’ll be living in France for the duration of your teaching contract.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meeting Other Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be of the proper age.\", \"描述\": \"Some jobs require that you fall within a prescribed age range. The Teaching Assistant Program in France, for instance, only accepts applications from people 20-35 years of age.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prove your command of French.\", \"描述\": \"Some jobs will require you to speak French. There are three main ways to prove that you’re proficient in French. The job to which you apply will provide information regarding how they want you to prove your command of French.\\nYou could be asked to submit your university transcript to show what grades you got in your French courses.\\nYou might need to write a personal statement of motivation in French.\\nIt’s also possible that you’ll need to obtain a letter of recommendation from a French language professor or an evaluator from Alliance Francaise.\\nIf you haven’t taken many (or any) French courses, you could choose to take a standardized French language test. This is rarely necessary, but acing a test like the TEF, DELF or DALF could help your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have some prior experience in France or abroad.\", \"描述\": \"To teach English in France, you’ll need to have a certain degree of adaptability and cultural understanding. If you’ve spent time traveling or working in France or another foreign nation – especially one within the Francophone world (French-speaking nations) – you’ll increase your odds of finding work as an English teacher in France.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have some prior teaching experience.\", \"描述\": \"Some jobs require prior work experience as a teacher. If you’ve taught English (or another subject) in your home country, you’ll increase your odds of getting a job teaching English in France. If you have experience teaching abroad in another foreign country, you will become even more attractive in the eyes of employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtain a visa.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re not in the EU, you’ll usually need to obtain a work visa before you can become an English teacher in France. The process by which you obtain a work visa varies depending on your country, but generally, you’ll need to obtain sponsorship from a school or other employer in France, then apply through your nearest French embassy or consulate for a work visa.\\nCitizens of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada might be able to teach on a student visa. Those between the ages of 18-30 could apply for a working holiday. Contact your local French consulate or embassy for more information about student visas and working holiday opportunities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Managing the Logistics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out more about the institution.\", \"描述\": \"Before applying to and accepting a job at a given institution, find out as much as possible about it. If you have friends or relatives in the area, ask them to scout it out for you. Check forums and reviews for the school online to determine if it’s a good place to work.\\nIf a particular school contacts you about a job, ask them for the phone number or email address of a current native English teacher. Talk to this person about their experience to find out more about what it’s like to work at the school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Arrange your housing.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes your host institution or recruitment agency will provide or help you obtain housing. However, your housing situation might also be left entirely up to you. If you have friends or colleagues in France already, you could ask to stay with them (at least temporarily). Otherwise, stay in a hostel for a couple weeks while you search for an apartment near your place of work.\\nUse a travel guide to identify affordable hostels in the area where you’re working.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read your contract carefully.\", \"描述\": \"Your contract will delineate important details regarding your working conditions. Pay attention to details like your salary, holiday pay, whether you’ll be paid for preparation time, and how many working hours are expected of you. Additionally, find out if your school or sponsoring institution will pay any travel fees you incur when going to France.\\nInsist on getting these important details in your contract. Don’t accept verbal confirmation of a particular working condition in lieu of a black-and-white statement in your contract.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to be an entrepreneur.\", \"描述\": \"Some English teaching jobs allow you to register as an “auto-entrepreneur.” Under this status, you will be legally registered as a freelance teacher rather than as a regular employee. Auto-entrepreneur status could allow you to demand a higher wage, but you’ll have to figure out how to pay taxes French on your own.\\nIf you’re only teaching English in France for a short time, it’s best to avoid becoming an auto-entrepreneur since the administrative challenges can be significant. If you’re in France for the long haul, though, you might want to consider it.\\nAdditionally, you can only register as an auto-entrepreneur if you have more than one client. So if you’re working full-time at a school or academy and take on a part-time private lesson, you could qualify for auto-entrepreneur status.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Take enough money with you to pay for two or three months of expenses. That way, if you have some up-front expenses when you arrive (like furnishing your apartment, putting a deposit down on your apartment, etc.) you’ll be able to do so without going broke.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,989 |
How to Become an Entrepreneur
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1. Setting Your Foundations
1-1. Brainstorm a great idea.
Most businesses start with one compelling idea — whether it's a service people need, a product that would make life easier, or something that combines both.The business world is full of great ideas (and many not-so-great ones). What will set yours apart is whether you can find a niche need to fill.
You don’t necessarily have to do something revolutionary or brand-new to be successful. You just have to be better at something than your competitors.
You will likely be more successful if you do something you know and love. Going into computer programming might make your business very marketable, but if your heart’s not in it you won’t have the energy to keep yourself going.
If you’re having trouble thinking of an idea, create a list of things about your target market, such as places they shop and things they purchase. Narrow the list down to about three items, keeping cost, manufacturing time, and popularity in mind. Find the easiest, most realistic product you can offer.
1-2. Research your market.
The key to starting a business is to know whether there is a demand for your product or service. Is what you can offer something that is not being done as well as it could be? Is it a need that doesn’t have enough supply to support demand?
There are many sources of free industry information. Search online for industry and trade associations in your target market and read the articles and press releases they post. You can also get valuable demographic information from census data.
The U.S. Small Business Administration has a website with excellent suggestions on how to come up with venture ideas, conduct market research, how to write a business plan, and how to recruit investors. It is an invaluable source of reliable information if you’re starting a business.
1-3. Talk to potential customers/clients.
You can have the greatest product or service in the world, but if nobody wants to pay you for it, your business will crash and burn. Talking to others will also help you prepare to persuade investors.
Ask for honest feedback when you talk to potential customers. Your friends may try to be nice to you when you propose your idea, but critical feedback that points out weaknesses or problems will be much more useful, even if it isn’t always easy to hear.
1-4. Determine what you can risk.
Entrepreneurship is always a game of risk and reward, but often the risk is greater (especially in the beginning). Take stock of all your assets and figure out how much money (and time and energy) you actually have to invest.
In addition to considering your savings, credit, and other sources of capital, consider how long you can afford to go without making a profit. Small businesses are rarely profitable immediately; can you afford to not draw a salary for perhaps several months or even a few years?
1-5. Understand the idea of “acceptable loss.”
According to ‘’Forbes’’, “acceptable loss” is the idea that you should first determine the possible downside of your business venture and then invest only what you can actually afford to lose should your business turn out differently than you’d hoped. This limits the scale of failure if your venture doesn’t work out.
1-6. Commit to a goal, not a plan.
One of the most important things in becoming an entrepreneur is flexibility. You can’t control everything about your business, and adaptation is vital to survival. If you’re overly committed to a plan, you may sabotage yourself.
2. Writing Your Business Plan
2-1. Create a business plan.
A business plan typically describes what your company does (whom does it serve? what does it provide?), provides a market analysis, includes a detailed description of the product or service, and projects the expected financial future of your company for the next 3-5 years. If you are hoping to attract investors, they will want to see a detailed, thorough business plan.
2-2. Write a company description.
This should be a brief summary of what your business does, what needs it satisfies and how, and why it is superior to other ventures of its kind. Be concrete and specific, but keep this short -- imagine it as an “elevator pitch”.
2-3. Present your market analysis.
If you have done good market research, you should be able to talk in specifics about your chosen industry or field, your target consumer market, and your projected market share. This section should be as detailed as possible, as it needs to convince investors that you know what you’re doing.
One of the mistakes many beginning entrepreneurs make is failing to narrow their target market and trying to sell to too wide an audience. While it’s tempting to believe that everyone needs and will love your product or service, the reality is that they won’t. It’s okay to start small.
2-4. Include a section on organization and management.
Even if your company is only you at this point, use this section to provide information on who owns your company, what their responsibilities are, and how you will structure your business as it expands. (Will you have a board of directors? How will your employees be organized?) Investors want to see that you have thought about the future of your company.
2-5. Provide information on your service or product.
This is where you can get into the specifics of what exactly your business will provide your customers. What are you going to provide? What need will it fill? What competitive advantages does it have over other similar products?
Provide details from potential customers’ point of view. If you have already talked to potential customers, you should have a good idea what their opinions of your service or product are.
If you are planning to sell a proprietary good or service, include any patent information or other ways you plan to protect your intellectual property. Investors don’t want to invest in a business only to have their product scooped by a competitor.
2-6. Describe your marketing and sales strategies.
This section will focus on how your business plans to attract and keep customers. How do you plan to reach your target consumers? How will you use marketing to grow your business? Do you already have potential customers lined up, or will you have to start completely from scratch?
2-7. Outline a funding request.
If you are seeking investors or a bank loan, you will need to state exactly what you need to get your business started. You should include any amount you are investing yourself, how much money you need from your investors, and (most importantly) how you plan to use this funding.
Investors like specifics. A funding request that just says “I need a million dollars” is less likely to be persuasive than a requests that breaks down costs and expenditures.
2-8. Outline your financial projections.
If you’re just starting out, you won’t have much historical financial data to work with. You should include any collateral you have that can guarantee your loan, but only list what you can truly afford to lose.
You should also include information on prospective financial data. This may seem like simply making up numbers, but it should incorporate the data from your market analysis. How well are your competitors doing? What do their expenditures and cash flows look like? You can use these to help you make projections for your company.
Make sure that your financial projections match the figures in your funding request. If your projections show that you will need $500,000 but you’ve only asked for $200,000, this could suggest to investors that you haven’t done your homework.
2-9. Include appendices, if necessary.
If you are just starting out, you may want to include other documentation to boost your credibility. Items such as letters of reference that can speak to your qualifications and skills or a credit history may be useful.
2-10. Write your executive summary.
This actually goes at the very beginning of the business plan, but you’ll need to wait to write this until you’ve thought the rest of the plan out. The executive summary is a “snapshot” of your venture as a whole: its goals, its mission statement, and an introduction to yourself and your company. As a new entrepreneur, you should highlight your background and experience with your chosen product or service. It should be no longer than one page.
3. Preparing Your Pitch
3-1. Develop an elevator pitch.
This type of pitch is called an elevator pitch because it should be concise and informative enough to let someone know who you are, what your business does, and why they should be interested -- all in the time it takes to ride an elevator.
First, consider the problem or need that your venture addresses. This is often effectively stated as a question, which is why TV advertisements often begin with questions such as “Did you know that….” or “Are you tired of…” or “Have you ever had a problem doing…”.
Second, consider how your product or service fixes the issue you’ve identified. This should be no more than 1 or 2 sentences, but should be as specific as possible without getting into jargon.
Third, describe the main benefit of your product or service. This could be a description of how it achieves something for the customer, or how it outperforms your competition.
Finally, consider what you need from investors to get your venture going. This part can be longer, because it needs to express your basic needs, your experience and credentials, and why your investors can trust you to succeed.
Keep your elevator pitch short! Many experts suggest that it should not be longer than one minute. Remember: attention spans are short. Hook your audience quickly, or you may not hook them at all.
3-2. Create a PowerPoint that summarizes your business plan.
This should summarize all the information in your business plan. You should be able to deliver it, without rushing, in about 15 minutes.
3-3. Practice your pitches.
You will likely be jittery about pitching your business at first, so get in some practice. You can rehearse delivering your elevator pitch and discussing your business plan with friends, coworkers, and other colleagues.
3-4. Ask for feedback.
You will probably make mistakes at first. Ask the people you practice with for honest feedback. Were you expressing your ideas clearly? Did you sound nervous? Did you talk too quickly or too slowly? Where do you need to explain more, and are there explanations you could cut?
4. Taking Your Ideas to Others
4-1. Network, network, network.
Attend trade and industry shows in your field and talk with exhibitors. Join relevant professional associations. Build a strong social network with other entrepreneurs, both online (using social media and professional sites like Linkedin) and in person.
Attending networking events such as local fairs hosted by your chamber of commerce is a great way to connect with other entrepreneurs in your area. These connections can provide you with support, ideas, and opportunities.
Be generous to others. Don’t consider networking with other entrepreneurs only in terms of what they can give you. If you offer advice, ideas, and support to others, they will be more likely to want to help you as well. Nobody likes to feel exploited.
Pay attention to others’ ideas. Even if you’re in direct competition with someone, you can probably still learn from them. You can learn from others’ mistakes as well as their successes, but only if you listen to them.
4-2. Develop a strong brand.
You need to be able to effectively communicate your business to others in person and online, and that means having a strong brand presence. Professional-looking business cards, a website, and social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, etc.) that provide information about your business in an attractive, cohesive way will help show that you’re serious about your venture. It will also give people the opportunity to look you up and learn more about you.
Look at the websites and branding of some successful companies. See what they have in common, what they do that’s interesting, and try to emulate that formula with your own brand. (Never steal or copy someone else’s intellectual property, though.)
Consider starting a professional blog, especially if you are in a service field. This can be an excellent way to show off your experience and ideas and help investors and customers get to know you.
4-3. Ask network contacts to refer you to investors.
Chances are, you know someone who knows someone who’s looking for something to invest in. Many investors won’t consider “blind submissions” (business plans sent without invitation) but are happy to hear a pitch from an entrepreneur recommended by someone they already know and trust.
Remember to return this favor whenever possible. People are more likely to want to help you if they feel that you will help them when and if you can. Goodwill is essential for an entrepreneur to have.
4-4. Acquire investors.
Pitch your idea to any potential investor to get money to start your company. The type of business you’re starting will help determine who wants to invest in it. Networking is an excellent way to hear about investing tips and opportunities.
Keep in mind that venture capitalists (often referred to in the business world as “VCs”) are focused on two things: how much money investing in your business will make them, and how soon that profit will happen. While hundreds of thousands of businesses are started every year, only about 500 a year get VCs as investors.
If you are providing a professional service, such as consulting, accounting, law, or medicine, consider forming a partnership with someone who is already established in that profession. Someone who is familiar with your field (and your knowledge of it) may be more likely to invest in your success.
Starting small and pleasing a small number of customers at first is a high-probability way to get there. If you can get your business started without spending a lot of money, that might be your best route.
4-5. Sell.
Sell and distribute your product. If you're getting revenue, then you're in business! You're testing your theories about the market, you're finding out what really works and what doesn't, and you're getting fuel for more ideas and improvements. Stay flexible and keep working hard!
5. Having a Healthy Mindset
5-1. Understand that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for success.
Not every successful entrepreneur needs the same amount of sleep or goes to bed before midnight. Winston Churchill stayed in bed until 11 a.m., because he liked working in bed. Albert Einstein slept 12 hours a day because he felt that it gave him much more clarity. It seemed to work perfectly for them.
Don’t just follow the same routines the most successful people adhere to. Create your personal routines.
Make time for yourself and your routines, especially when you are busy.
5-2. Create a business plan that fits into your life, not the other way around.
Much of the advice for entrepreneurs is centered around finding ways to make time for themselves between their business activities. Do it the other way around and find a business structure that fits into your life.
Evaluate if your personal goals are still compatible with your business goals. If yes, and you are energized and motivated, then keep going! If not, try to find ways to make your business fit into your life better.
5-3. Avoid loss aversion.
Is your investment in the business is the only reason that is keeping you from reinventing your business? It’s a common but also very irrational thought. The psychological phenomenon -loss aversion- describes why this feeling is irrational. Loss aversion makes us feel more depressed at the loss of $100 than happy at winning $100.
For instance, it’s a typical mistake that stock investors make. After buying a stock, investors are likely to hold on to their stocks even though they may have lost a tremendous amount of money. People just hate to sell something at loss. They hold on to the stock although the most rational action would be to sell their loosing stocks and invest what's left of their money in a more promising stock.
Cut your losses and reboot. Come up with a better strategy and do not focus on what you have lost but focus on what you can win with your changes.
5-4. Be realistic.
Starting your business while you have another stream of income can be less stressful.
Try to obtain a part-time position, where you can learn valuable lessons for your own business in a related industry, learn a transferrable skill (like marketing and SEO) or where you could network in your business area.
Don’t expect to build your empire overnight, it is totally normal to start out small.
5-5. Take a vacation.
Take a couple of days off or go on a vacation regularly. Take some time to recharge your batteries and give yourself the chance to re-evaluate your business with a fresh perspective regularly.
6. Examining Your Personality
6-1. Think about your priorities.
Ask yourself some questions about what you want out of life, as well as out of your business. What does achieving your goals in life look like? What is important to you? What are you willing to sacrifice?
Consider what you need to make these priorities and goals happen. Is it a certain amount of money? A certain amount of free time to spend with friends and family?
6-2. Decide whether your personality is a good fit for entrepreneurship.
Becoming your own boss is a goal for many people, but some people are better suited to this lifestyle than others. Knowing how you are likely to react to events will help you achieve your goals.
Are you comfortable with a lot of responsibility? Entrepreneurs often have no backup and are responsible for the success or failure of their business.
Do you enjoy interacting with people? Almost all entrepreneurs have to do a lot of customer service, particularly at first. If you aren’t good with people, you may have difficulty getting your business off the ground.
Are you able to accept uncertainty and even failure? Even the most successful entrepreneurs -- for example, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Richard Branson -- have had businesses fail on them, often several times, before they found a formula that worked.
Do you thrive on problem-solving and creative solutions? Entrepreneurs at all levels face many problems that they need to find creative solutions for. A high tolerance for frustration and the ability to think through problems will serve you well as an entrepreneur.
Meet other entrepreneurs to assess whether being one yourself is a good fit.
6-3. List your strengths.
Be honest with yourself as you consider your strengths and weaknesses. When you talk to potential investors or sell to clients, you will need to have a very clear idea of what your strengths are so you can communicate them to others.
6-4. Determine to succeed.
Energy and determination will get you through many of the hurdles you will face as a beginning entrepreneur. Be idealistic enough to believe in yourself, but pragmatic enough to examine the realities of your situation.
Tips
You don’t necessarily have to go it alone. Particularly for new startups such as law firms or restaurants, having a team of people with experience and skills in the field will boost your chances of success.
Entrepreneurship is hard, even when you’re successful. Try to maintain healthy relationships with your friends and family so that you have the emotional support you need.
Don’t get complacent once you’re successful. Businesses have to continually adapt to changing market needs and customer demands, even when they’re doing well. Continue to network, communicate with customers, and innovate.
Warnings
8 out of 10 small businesses fail in the first 18 months.[33]
X
Research source
Even if you do everything right, failure is always still an option, so while you need to believe in yourself, you also need to understand the risks you’re taking and accept the possibility that your first business won’t work out the way you wanted.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Setting Your Foundations\\n1-1. Brainstorm a great idea.\\nMost businesses start with one compelling idea — whether it's a service people need, a product that would make life easier, or something that combines both.The business world is full of great ideas (and many not-so-great ones). What will set yours apart is whether you can find a niche need to fill. \\nYou don’t necessarily have to do something revolutionary or brand-new to be successful. You just have to be better at something than your competitors.\\nYou will likely be more successful if you do something you know and love. Going into computer programming might make your business very marketable, but if your heart’s not in it you won’t have the energy to keep yourself going.\\nIf you’re having trouble thinking of an idea, create a list of things about your target market, such as places they shop and things they purchase. Narrow the list down to about three items, keeping cost, manufacturing time, and popularity in mind. Find the easiest, most realistic product you can offer.\\n1-2. Research your market.\\nThe key to starting a business is to know whether there is a demand for your product or service. Is what you can offer something that is not being done as well as it could be? Is it a need that doesn’t have enough supply to support demand?\\nThere are many sources of free industry information. Search online for industry and trade associations in your target market and read the articles and press releases they post. You can also get valuable demographic information from census data.\\nThe U.S. Small Business Administration has a website with excellent suggestions on how to come up with venture ideas, conduct market research, how to write a business plan, and how to recruit investors. It is an invaluable source of reliable information if you’re starting a business.\\n1-3. Talk to potential customers/clients.\\nYou can have the greatest product or service in the world, but if nobody wants to pay you for it, your business will crash and burn. Talking to others will also help you prepare to persuade investors.\\nAsk for honest feedback when you talk to potential customers. Your friends may try to be nice to you when you propose your idea, but critical feedback that points out weaknesses or problems will be much more useful, even if it isn’t always easy to hear.\\n1-4. Determine what you can risk.\\nEntrepreneurship is always a game of risk and reward, but often the risk is greater (especially in the beginning). Take stock of all your assets and figure out how much money (and time and energy) you actually have to invest.\\nIn addition to considering your savings, credit, and other sources of capital, consider how long you can afford to go without making a profit. Small businesses are rarely profitable immediately; can you afford to not draw a salary for perhaps several months or even a few years?\\n1-5. Understand the idea of “acceptable loss.”\\nAccording to ‘’Forbes’’, “acceptable loss” is the idea that you should first determine the possible downside of your business venture and then invest only what you can actually afford to lose should your business turn out differently than you’d hoped. This limits the scale of failure if your venture doesn’t work out.\\n1-6. Commit to a goal, not a plan.\\nOne of the most important things in becoming an entrepreneur is flexibility. You can’t control everything about your business, and adaptation is vital to survival. If you’re overly committed to a plan, you may sabotage yourself.\\n2. Writing Your Business Plan\\n2-1. Create a business plan.\\nA business plan typically describes what your company does (whom does it serve? what does it provide?), provides a market analysis, includes a detailed description of the product or service, and projects the expected financial future of your company for the next 3-5 years. If you are hoping to attract investors, they will want to see a detailed, thorough business plan.\\n2-2. Write a company description.\\nThis should be a brief summary of what your business does, what needs it satisfies and how, and why it is superior to other ventures of its kind. Be concrete and specific, but keep this short -- imagine it as an “elevator pitch”.\\n2-3. Present your market analysis.\\nIf you have done good market research, you should be able to talk in specifics about your chosen industry or field, your target consumer market, and your projected market share. This section should be as detailed as possible, as it needs to convince investors that you know what you’re doing.\\nOne of the mistakes many beginning entrepreneurs make is failing to narrow their target market and trying to sell to too wide an audience. While it’s tempting to believe that everyone needs and will love your product or service, the reality is that they won’t. It’s okay to start small.\\n2-4. Include a section on organization and management.\\nEven if your company is only you at this point, use this section to provide information on who owns your company, what their responsibilities are, and how you will structure your business as it expands. (Will you have a board of directors? How will your employees be organized?) Investors want to see that you have thought about the future of your company.\\n2-5. Provide information on your service or product.\\nThis is where you can get into the specifics of what exactly your business will provide your customers. What are you going to provide? What need will it fill? What competitive advantages does it have over other similar products?\\nProvide details from potential customers’ point of view. If you have already talked to potential customers, you should have a good idea what their opinions of your service or product are.\\nIf you are planning to sell a proprietary good or service, include any patent information or other ways you plan to protect your intellectual property. Investors don’t want to invest in a business only to have their product scooped by a competitor.\\n2-6. Describe your marketing and sales strategies.\\nThis section will focus on how your business plans to attract and keep customers. How do you plan to reach your target consumers? How will you use marketing to grow your business? Do you already have potential customers lined up, or will you have to start completely from scratch?\\n2-7. Outline a funding request.\\nIf you are seeking investors or a bank loan, you will need to state exactly what you need to get your business started. You should include any amount you are investing yourself, how much money you need from your investors, and (most importantly) how you plan to use this funding.\\nInvestors like specifics. A funding request that just says “I need a million dollars” is less likely to be persuasive than a requests that breaks down costs and expenditures.\\n2-8. Outline your financial projections.\\nIf you’re just starting out, you won’t have much historical financial data to work with. You should include any collateral you have that can guarantee your loan, but only list what you can truly afford to lose.\\nYou should also include information on prospective financial data. This may seem like simply making up numbers, but it should incorporate the data from your market analysis. How well are your competitors doing? What do their expenditures and cash flows look like? You can use these to help you make projections for your company.\\nMake sure that your financial projections match the figures in your funding request. If your projections show that you will need $500,000 but you’ve only asked for $200,000, this could suggest to investors that you haven’t done your homework.\\n2-9. Include appendices, if necessary.\\nIf you are just starting out, you may want to include other documentation to boost your credibility. Items such as letters of reference that can speak to your qualifications and skills or a credit history may be useful.\\n2-10. Write your executive summary.\\nThis actually goes at the very beginning of the business plan, but you’ll need to wait to write this until you’ve thought the rest of the plan out. The executive summary is a “snapshot” of your venture as a whole: its goals, its mission statement, and an introduction to yourself and your company. As a new entrepreneur, you should highlight your background and experience with your chosen product or service. It should be no longer than one page.\\n3. Preparing Your Pitch\\n3-1. Develop an elevator pitch.\\nThis type of pitch is called an elevator pitch because it should be concise and informative enough to let someone know who you are, what your business does, and why they should be interested -- all in the time it takes to ride an elevator.\\nFirst, consider the problem or need that your venture addresses. This is often effectively stated as a question, which is why TV advertisements often begin with questions such as “Did you know that….” or “Are you tired of…” or “Have you ever had a problem doing…”.\\nSecond, consider how your product or service fixes the issue you’ve identified. This should be no more than 1 or 2 sentences, but should be as specific as possible without getting into jargon.\\nThird, describe the main benefit of your product or service. This could be a description of how it achieves something for the customer, or how it outperforms your competition.\\nFinally, consider what you need from investors to get your venture going. This part can be longer, because it needs to express your basic needs, your experience and credentials, and why your investors can trust you to succeed.\\nKeep your elevator pitch short! Many experts suggest that it should not be longer than one minute. Remember: attention spans are short. Hook your audience quickly, or you may not hook them at all.\\n3-2. Create a PowerPoint that summarizes your business plan.\\nThis should summarize all the information in your business plan. You should be able to deliver it, without rushing, in about 15 minutes.\\n3-3. Practice your pitches.\\nYou will likely be jittery about pitching your business at first, so get in some practice. You can rehearse delivering your elevator pitch and discussing your business plan with friends, coworkers, and other colleagues.\\n3-4. Ask for feedback.\\nYou will probably make mistakes at first. Ask the people you practice with for honest feedback. Were you expressing your ideas clearly? Did you sound nervous? Did you talk too quickly or too slowly? Where do you need to explain more, and are there explanations you could cut?\\n4. Taking Your Ideas to Others\\n4-1. Network, network, network.\\nAttend trade and industry shows in your field and talk with exhibitors. Join relevant professional associations. Build a strong social network with other entrepreneurs, both online (using social media and professional sites like Linkedin) and in person.\\nAttending networking events such as local fairs hosted by your chamber of commerce is a great way to connect with other entrepreneurs in your area. These connections can provide you with support, ideas, and opportunities.\\nBe generous to others. Don’t consider networking with other entrepreneurs only in terms of what they can give you. If you offer advice, ideas, and support to others, they will be more likely to want to help you as well. Nobody likes to feel exploited.\\nPay attention to others’ ideas. Even if you’re in direct competition with someone, you can probably still learn from them. You can learn from others’ mistakes as well as their successes, but only if you listen to them.\\n4-2. Develop a strong brand.\\nYou need to be able to effectively communicate your business to others in person and online, and that means having a strong brand presence. Professional-looking business cards, a website, and social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, etc.) that provide information about your business in an attractive, cohesive way will help show that you’re serious about your venture. It will also give people the opportunity to look you up and learn more about you.\\nLook at the websites and branding of some successful companies. See what they have in common, what they do that’s interesting, and try to emulate that formula with your own brand. (Never steal or copy someone else’s intellectual property, though.)\\nConsider starting a professional blog, especially if you are in a service field. This can be an excellent way to show off your experience and ideas and help investors and customers get to know you.\\n4-3. Ask network contacts to refer you to investors.\\nChances are, you know someone who knows someone who’s looking for something to invest in. Many investors won’t consider “blind submissions” (business plans sent without invitation) but are happy to hear a pitch from an entrepreneur recommended by someone they already know and trust.\\nRemember to return this favor whenever possible. People are more likely to want to help you if they feel that you will help them when and if you can. Goodwill is essential for an entrepreneur to have.\\n4-4. Acquire investors.\\nPitch your idea to any potential investor to get money to start your company. The type of business you’re starting will help determine who wants to invest in it. Networking is an excellent way to hear about investing tips and opportunities.\\nKeep in mind that venture capitalists (often referred to in the business world as “VCs”) are focused on two things: how much money investing in your business will make them, and how soon that profit will happen. While hundreds of thousands of businesses are started every year, only about 500 a year get VCs as investors.\\nIf you are providing a professional service, such as consulting, accounting, law, or medicine, consider forming a partnership with someone who is already established in that profession. Someone who is familiar with your field (and your knowledge of it) may be more likely to invest in your success.\\nStarting small and pleasing a small number of customers at first is a high-probability way to get there. If you can get your business started without spending a lot of money, that might be your best route.\\n4-5. Sell.\\nSell and distribute your product. If you're getting revenue, then you're in business! You're testing your theories about the market, you're finding out what really works and what doesn't, and you're getting fuel for more ideas and improvements. Stay flexible and keep working hard!\\n5. Having a Healthy Mindset\\n5-1. Understand that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for success.\\nNot every successful entrepreneur needs the same amount of sleep or goes to bed before midnight. Winston Churchill stayed in bed until 11 a.m., because he liked working in bed. Albert Einstein slept 12 hours a day because he felt that it gave him much more clarity. It seemed to work perfectly for them.\\nDon’t just follow the same routines the most successful people adhere to. Create your personal routines.\\nMake time for yourself and your routines, especially when you are busy.\\n5-2. Create a business plan that fits into your life, not the other way around.\\nMuch of the advice for entrepreneurs is centered around finding ways to make time for themselves between their business activities. Do it the other way around and find a business structure that fits into your life.\\nEvaluate if your personal goals are still compatible with your business goals. If yes, and you are energized and motivated, then keep going! If not, try to find ways to make your business fit into your life better.\\n5-3. Avoid loss aversion.\\nIs your investment in the business is the only reason that is keeping you from reinventing your business? It’s a common but also very irrational thought. The psychological phenomenon -loss aversion- describes why this feeling is irrational. Loss aversion makes us feel more depressed at the loss of $100 than happy at winning $100.\\nFor instance, it’s a typical mistake that stock investors make. After buying a stock, investors are likely to hold on to their stocks even though they may have lost a tremendous amount of money. People just hate to sell something at loss. They hold on to the stock although the most rational action would be to sell their loosing stocks and invest what's left of their money in a more promising stock.\\nCut your losses and reboot. Come up with a better strategy and do not focus on what you have lost but focus on what you can win with your changes.\\n5-4. Be realistic.\\nStarting your business while you have another stream of income can be less stressful.\\nTry to obtain a part-time position, where you can learn valuable lessons for your own business in a related industry, learn a transferrable skill (like marketing and SEO) or where you could network in your business area.\\nDon’t expect to build your empire overnight, it is totally normal to start out small.\\n5-5. Take a vacation.\\nTake a couple of days off or go on a vacation regularly. Take some time to recharge your batteries and give yourself the chance to re-evaluate your business with a fresh perspective regularly.\\n6. Examining Your Personality\\n6-1. Think about your priorities.\\nAsk yourself some questions about what you want out of life, as well as out of your business. What does achieving your goals in life look like? What is important to you? What are you willing to sacrifice?\\nConsider what you need to make these priorities and goals happen. Is it a certain amount of money? A certain amount of free time to spend with friends and family?\\n6-2. Decide whether your personality is a good fit for entrepreneurship.\\nBecoming your own boss is a goal for many people, but some people are better suited to this lifestyle than others. Knowing how you are likely to react to events will help you achieve your goals.\\nAre you comfortable with a lot of responsibility? Entrepreneurs often have no backup and are responsible for the success or failure of their business.\\nDo you enjoy interacting with people? Almost all entrepreneurs have to do a lot of customer service, particularly at first. If you aren’t good with people, you may have difficulty getting your business off the ground.\\nAre you able to accept uncertainty and even failure? Even the most successful entrepreneurs -- for example, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Richard Branson -- have had businesses fail on them, often several times, before they found a formula that worked.\\nDo you thrive on problem-solving and creative solutions? Entrepreneurs at all levels face many problems that they need to find creative solutions for. A high tolerance for frustration and the ability to think through problems will serve you well as an entrepreneur.\\nMeet other entrepreneurs to assess whether being one yourself is a good fit.\\n6-3. List your strengths.\\nBe honest with yourself as you consider your strengths and weaknesses. When you talk to potential investors or sell to clients, you will need to have a very clear idea of what your strengths are so you can communicate them to others.\\n6-4. Determine to succeed.\\nEnergy and determination will get you through many of the hurdles you will face as a beginning entrepreneur. Be idealistic enough to believe in yourself, but pragmatic enough to examine the realities of your situation.\\nTips\\nYou don’t necessarily have to go it alone. Particularly for new startups such as law firms or restaurants, having a team of people with experience and skills in the field will boost your chances of success.\\nEntrepreneurship is hard, even when you’re successful. Try to maintain healthy relationships with your friends and family so that you have the emotional support you need.\\nDon’t get complacent once you’re successful. Businesses have to continually adapt to changing market needs and customer demands, even when they’re doing well. Continue to network, communicate with customers, and innovate.\\nWarnings\\n8 out of 10 small businesses fail in the first 18 months.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Even if you do everything right, failure is always still an option, so while you need to believe in yourself, you also need to understand the risks you’re taking and accept the possibility that your first business won’t work out the way you wanted.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you want to run your own business, you've come to the right page. Being an entrepreneur is a high-risk, high-reward position. It's full of stressful situations, sure, but it's also chock full of rewards and a sense of accomplishment. It's not as hard as it seems -- as long as you have some diligence, patience, and, of course, a good idea, you'll be your own boss sooner than you think!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Setting Your Foundations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brainstorm a great idea.\", \"描述\": \"Most businesses start with one compelling idea — whether it's a service people need, a product that would make life easier, or something that combines both.The business world is full of great ideas (and many not-so-great ones). What will set yours apart is whether you can find a niche need to fill. \\nYou don’t necessarily have to do something revolutionary or brand-new to be successful. You just have to be better at something than your competitors.\\nYou will likely be more successful if you do something you know and love. Going into computer programming might make your business very marketable, but if your heart’s not in it you won’t have the energy to keep yourself going.\\nIf you’re having trouble thinking of an idea, create a list of things about your target market, such as places they shop and things they purchase. Narrow the list down to about three items, keeping cost, manufacturing time, and popularity in mind. Find the easiest, most realistic product you can offer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research your market.\", \"描述\": \"The key to starting a business is to know whether there is a demand for your product or service. Is what you can offer something that is not being done as well as it could be? Is it a need that doesn’t have enough supply to support demand?\\nThere are many sources of free industry information. Search online for industry and trade associations in your target market and read the articles and press releases they post. You can also get valuable demographic information from census data.\\nThe U.S. Small Business Administration has a website with excellent suggestions on how to come up with venture ideas, conduct market research, how to write a business plan, and how to recruit investors. It is an invaluable source of reliable information if you’re starting a business.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to potential customers/clients.\", \"描述\": \"You can have the greatest product or service in the world, but if nobody wants to pay you for it, your business will crash and burn. Talking to others will also help you prepare to persuade investors.\\nAsk for honest feedback when you talk to potential customers. Your friends may try to be nice to you when you propose your idea, but critical feedback that points out weaknesses or problems will be much more useful, even if it isn’t always easy to hear.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Determine what you can risk.\", \"描述\": \"Entrepreneurship is always a game of risk and reward, but often the risk is greater (especially in the beginning). Take stock of all your assets and figure out how much money (and time and energy) you actually have to invest.\\nIn addition to considering your savings, credit, and other sources of capital, consider how long you can afford to go without making a profit. Small businesses are rarely profitable immediately; can you afford to not draw a salary for perhaps several months or even a few years?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Understand the idea of “acceptable loss.”\", \"描述\": \"According to ‘’Forbes’’, “acceptable loss” is the idea that you should first determine the possible downside of your business venture and then invest only what you can actually afford to lose should your business turn out differently than you’d hoped. This limits the scale of failure if your venture doesn’t work out.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Commit to a goal, not a plan.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most important things in becoming an entrepreneur is flexibility. You can’t control everything about your business, and adaptation is vital to survival. If you’re overly committed to a plan, you may sabotage yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Writing Your Business Plan\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a business plan.\", \"描述\": \"A business plan typically describes what your company does (whom does it serve? what does it provide?), provides a market analysis, includes a detailed description of the product or service, and projects the expected financial future of your company for the next 3-5 years. If you are hoping to attract investors, they will want to see a detailed, thorough business plan.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write a company description.\", \"描述\": \"This should be a brief summary of what your business does, what needs it satisfies and how, and why it is superior to other ventures of its kind. Be concrete and specific, but keep this short -- imagine it as an “elevator pitch”.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Present your market analysis.\", \"描述\": \"If you have done good market research, you should be able to talk in specifics about your chosen industry or field, your target consumer market, and your projected market share. This section should be as detailed as possible, as it needs to convince investors that you know what you’re doing.\\nOne of the mistakes many beginning entrepreneurs make is failing to narrow their target market and trying to sell to too wide an audience. While it’s tempting to believe that everyone needs and will love your product or service, the reality is that they won’t. It’s okay to start small.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include a section on organization and management.\", \"描述\": \"Even if your company is only you at this point, use this section to provide information on who owns your company, what their responsibilities are, and how you will structure your business as it expands. (Will you have a board of directors? How will your employees be organized?) Investors want to see that you have thought about the future of your company.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Provide information on your service or product.\", \"描述\": \"This is where you can get into the specifics of what exactly your business will provide your customers. What are you going to provide? What need will it fill? What competitive advantages does it have over other similar products?\\nProvide details from potential customers’ point of view. If you have already talked to potential customers, you should have a good idea what their opinions of your service or product are.\\nIf you are planning to sell a proprietary good or service, include any patent information or other ways you plan to protect your intellectual property. Investors don’t want to invest in a business only to have their product scooped by a competitor.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Describe your marketing and sales strategies.\", \"描述\": \"This section will focus on how your business plans to attract and keep customers. How do you plan to reach your target consumers? How will you use marketing to grow your business? Do you already have potential customers lined up, or will you have to start completely from scratch?\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Outline a funding request.\", \"描述\": \"If you are seeking investors or a bank loan, you will need to state exactly what you need to get your business started. You should include any amount you are investing yourself, how much money you need from your investors, and (most importantly) how you plan to use this funding.\\nInvestors like specifics. A funding request that just says “I need a million dollars” is less likely to be persuasive than a requests that breaks down costs and expenditures.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Outline your financial projections.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re just starting out, you won’t have much historical financial data to work with. You should include any collateral you have that can guarantee your loan, but only list what you can truly afford to lose.\\nYou should also include information on prospective financial data. This may seem like simply making up numbers, but it should incorporate the data from your market analysis. How well are your competitors doing? What do their expenditures and cash flows look like? You can use these to help you make projections for your company.\\nMake sure that your financial projections match the figures in your funding request. If your projections show that you will need $500,000 but you’ve only asked for $200,000, this could suggest to investors that you haven’t done your homework.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Include appendices, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If you are just starting out, you may want to include other documentation to boost your credibility. Items such as letters of reference that can speak to your qualifications and skills or a credit history may be useful.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Write your executive summary.\", \"描述\": \"This actually goes at the very beginning of the business plan, but you’ll need to wait to write this until you’ve thought the rest of the plan out. The executive summary is a “snapshot” of your venture as a whole: its goals, its mission statement, and an introduction to yourself and your company. As a new entrepreneur, you should highlight your background and experience with your chosen product or service. It should be no longer than one page.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preparing Your Pitch\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop an elevator pitch.\", \"描述\": \"This type of pitch is called an elevator pitch because it should be concise and informative enough to let someone know who you are, what your business does, and why they should be interested -- all in the time it takes to ride an elevator.\\nFirst, consider the problem or need that your venture addresses. This is often effectively stated as a question, which is why TV advertisements often begin with questions such as “Did you know that….” or “Are you tired of…” or “Have you ever had a problem doing…”.\\nSecond, consider how your product or service fixes the issue you’ve identified. This should be no more than 1 or 2 sentences, but should be as specific as possible without getting into jargon.\\nThird, describe the main benefit of your product or service. This could be a description of how it achieves something for the customer, or how it outperforms your competition.\\nFinally, consider what you need from investors to get your venture going. This part can be longer, because it needs to express your basic needs, your experience and credentials, and why your investors can trust you to succeed.\\nKeep your elevator pitch short! Many experts suggest that it should not be longer than one minute. Remember: attention spans are short. Hook your audience quickly, or you may not hook them at all.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a PowerPoint that summarizes your business plan.\", \"描述\": \"This should summarize all the information in your business plan. You should be able to deliver it, without rushing, in about 15 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice your pitches.\", \"描述\": \"You will likely be jittery about pitching your business at first, so get in some practice. You can rehearse delivering your elevator pitch and discussing your business plan with friends, coworkers, and other colleagues.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask for feedback.\", \"描述\": \"You will probably make mistakes at first. Ask the people you practice with for honest feedback. Were you expressing your ideas clearly? Did you sound nervous? Did you talk too quickly or too slowly? Where do you need to explain more, and are there explanations you could cut?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Taking Your Ideas to Others\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Network, network, network.\", \"描述\": \"Attend trade and industry shows in your field and talk with exhibitors. Join relevant professional associations. Build a strong social network with other entrepreneurs, both online (using social media and professional sites like Linkedin) and in person.\\nAttending networking events such as local fairs hosted by your chamber of commerce is a great way to connect with other entrepreneurs in your area. These connections can provide you with support, ideas, and opportunities.\\nBe generous to others. Don’t consider networking with other entrepreneurs only in terms of what they can give you. If you offer advice, ideas, and support to others, they will be more likely to want to help you as well. Nobody likes to feel exploited.\\nPay attention to others’ ideas. Even if you’re in direct competition with someone, you can probably still learn from them. You can learn from others’ mistakes as well as their successes, but only if you listen to them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop a strong brand.\", \"描述\": \"You need to be able to effectively communicate your business to others in person and online, and that means having a strong brand presence. Professional-looking business cards, a website, and social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, etc.) that provide information about your business in an attractive, cohesive way will help show that you’re serious about your venture. It will also give people the opportunity to look you up and learn more about you.\\nLook at the websites and branding of some successful companies. See what they have in common, what they do that’s interesting, and try to emulate that formula with your own brand. (Never steal or copy someone else’s intellectual property, though.)\\nConsider starting a professional blog, especially if you are in a service field. This can be an excellent way to show off your experience and ideas and help investors and customers get to know you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask network contacts to refer you to investors.\", \"描述\": \"Chances are, you know someone who knows someone who’s looking for something to invest in. Many investors won’t consider “blind submissions” (business plans sent without invitation) but are happy to hear a pitch from an entrepreneur recommended by someone they already know and trust.\\nRemember to return this favor whenever possible. People are more likely to want to help you if they feel that you will help them when and if you can. Goodwill is essential for an entrepreneur to have.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Acquire investors.\", \"描述\": \"Pitch your idea to any potential investor to get money to start your company. The type of business you’re starting will help determine who wants to invest in it. Networking is an excellent way to hear about investing tips and opportunities.\\nKeep in mind that venture capitalists (often referred to in the business world as “VCs”) are focused on two things: how much money investing in your business will make them, and how soon that profit will happen. While hundreds of thousands of businesses are started every year, only about 500 a year get VCs as investors.\\nIf you are providing a professional service, such as consulting, accounting, law, or medicine, consider forming a partnership with someone who is already established in that profession. Someone who is familiar with your field (and your knowledge of it) may be more likely to invest in your success.\\nStarting small and pleasing a small number of customers at first is a high-probability way to get there. If you can get your business started without spending a lot of money, that might be your best route.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sell.\", \"描述\": \"Sell and distribute your product. If you're getting revenue, then you're in business! You're testing your theories about the market, you're finding out what really works and what doesn't, and you're getting fuel for more ideas and improvements. Stay flexible and keep working hard!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Having a Healthy Mindset\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for success.\", \"描述\": \"Not every successful entrepreneur needs the same amount of sleep or goes to bed before midnight. Winston Churchill stayed in bed until 11 a.m., because he liked working in bed. Albert Einstein slept 12 hours a day because he felt that it gave him much more clarity. It seemed to work perfectly for them.\\nDon’t just follow the same routines the most successful people adhere to. Create your personal routines.\\nMake time for yourself and your routines, especially when you are busy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a business plan that fits into your life, not the other way around.\", \"描述\": \"Much of the advice for entrepreneurs is centered around finding ways to make time for themselves between their business activities. Do it the other way around and find a business structure that fits into your life.\\nEvaluate if your personal goals are still compatible with your business goals. If yes, and you are energized and motivated, then keep going! If not, try to find ways to make your business fit into your life better.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid loss aversion.\", \"描述\": \"Is your investment in the business is the only reason that is keeping you from reinventing your business? It’s a common but also very irrational thought. The psychological phenomenon -loss aversion- describes why this feeling is irrational. Loss aversion makes us feel more depressed at the loss of $100 than happy at winning $100.\\nFor instance, it’s a typical mistake that stock investors make. After buying a stock, investors are likely to hold on to their stocks even though they may have lost a tremendous amount of money. People just hate to sell something at loss. They hold on to the stock although the most rational action would be to sell their loosing stocks and invest what's left of their money in a more promising stock.\\nCut your losses and reboot. Come up with a better strategy and do not focus on what you have lost but focus on what you can win with your changes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be realistic.\", \"描述\": \"Starting your business while you have another stream of income can be less stressful.\\nTry to obtain a part-time position, where you can learn valuable lessons for your own business in a related industry, learn a transferrable skill (like marketing and SEO) or where you could network in your business area.\\nDon’t expect to build your empire overnight, it is totally normal to start out small.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take a vacation.\", \"描述\": \"Take a couple of days off or go on a vacation regularly. Take some time to recharge your batteries and give yourself the chance to re-evaluate your business with a fresh perspective regularly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Examining Your Personality\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think about your priorities.\", \"描述\": \"Ask yourself some questions about what you want out of life, as well as out of your business. What does achieving your goals in life look like? What is important to you? What are you willing to sacrifice?\\nConsider what you need to make these priorities and goals happen. Is it a certain amount of money? A certain amount of free time to spend with friends and family?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide whether your personality is a good fit for entrepreneurship.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming your own boss is a goal for many people, but some people are better suited to this lifestyle than others. Knowing how you are likely to react to events will help you achieve your goals.\\nAre you comfortable with a lot of responsibility? Entrepreneurs often have no backup and are responsible for the success or failure of their business.\\nDo you enjoy interacting with people? Almost all entrepreneurs have to do a lot of customer service, particularly at first. If you aren’t good with people, you may have difficulty getting your business off the ground.\\nAre you able to accept uncertainty and even failure? Even the most successful entrepreneurs -- for example, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Richard Branson -- have had businesses fail on them, often several times, before they found a formula that worked.\\nDo you thrive on problem-solving and creative solutions? Entrepreneurs at all levels face many problems that they need to find creative solutions for. A high tolerance for frustration and the ability to think through problems will serve you well as an entrepreneur.\\nMeet other entrepreneurs to assess whether being one yourself is a good fit.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List your strengths.\", \"描述\": \"Be honest with yourself as you consider your strengths and weaknesses. When you talk to potential investors or sell to clients, you will need to have a very clear idea of what your strengths are so you can communicate them to others.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Determine to succeed.\", \"描述\": \"Energy and determination will get you through many of the hurdles you will face as a beginning entrepreneur. Be idealistic enough to believe in yourself, but pragmatic enough to examine the realities of your situation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You don’t necessarily have to go it alone. Particularly for new startups such as law firms or restaurants, having a team of people with experience and skills in the field will boost your chances of success.\\n\", \"Entrepreneurship is hard, even when you’re successful. Try to maintain healthy relationships with your friends and family so that you have the emotional support you need.\\n\", \"Don’t get complacent once you’re successful. Businesses have to continually adapt to changing market needs and customer demands, even when they’re doing well. Continue to network, communicate with customers, and innovate.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"8 out of 10 small businesses fail in the first 18 months.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Even if you do everything right, failure is always still an option, so while you need to believe in yourself, you also need to understand the risks you’re taking and accept the possibility that your first business won’t work out the way you wanted.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,990 |
How to Become an Environmental Scientist
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1. Getting an Education
1-1. Take relevant high school courses.
You'll need at least a bachelor's degree (and may need a master's as well) to work as an environmental scientist, but you can get a head start on your career path by taking relevant courses in high school. Some relevant high school courses to take include:
laboratory sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics)
earth science, environmental science, or geology (if available at your school)
mathematics (algebra, geometry, trigonometry, precalculus, and calculus)
statistics and computer science
1-2. Apply to an accredited college.
Most entry-level jobs in environmental science require you to have earned a minimum of a bachelor's degree. Some schools offer a generalized environmental science degree, but most employers will accept a degree in any science-related field.
Look for programs in either environmental science, or in a scientific field like biology, chemistry, geosciences, or engineering.
Search online for four-year college programs. You can search by program or by location, if where you study is an important factor.
1-3. Take an internship.
Internships are not necessarily a requirement to graduate or become an environmental scientist, but they provide you with invaluable experience and industry contacts. You can find internships online or by talking to professors and guidance counselors at your school.
The Student Conservation Association (SCA) provides many internship opportunities in all areas of environmental studies.
Look for internship opportunities that include working with computer modeling, data analysis, and geographic information systems (GIS). Having experience in these areas of study will help qualify you for many additional jobs, and may give you an advantage when it comes time to apply for jobs.
1-4. Earn a bachelor's degree.
Whether you major in environmental science or a scientific field, it's important to do well in your studies. Some employers require a master's or doctoral degree, in which case your grades and GPA may affect your eligibility. Make sure you've studied hard, done your best, and pursued any opportunities available outside the classroom.
1-5. Consider getting a graduate degree.
For many entry-level jobs, you'll only need a bachelor's degree and some amount of relevant experience. However, if you want to advance at your job or become better-qualified for other positions, you may need to earn a master's degree. If you want to teach science classes at either the high school or college levels, you will absolutely need a master's degree, and if you want to perform university research you may need a PhD.
You can learn about master's and doctoral programs in your area or in other parts of the country by searching online. As you research various graduate school programs, look for statistics like graduation rate, job placement rate, and publications by alumni.
Be aware that a master's degree in Biology or Environmental Science will generally take two to three years, and a doctoral degree will take considerably longer. However, the number of job opportunities, potential for advancement, and potential for a higher salary that accompany a graduate degree may make the time and money spent on a master's degree or PhD worth it.
2. Choosing a Career Path
2-1. Choose a field to work in.
There are six primary career paths within environmental science, though of course there are many other related options, depending on your degree. Each career path involves many individual jobs in a variety of settings. The main career paths are:
agriculture - involves studying the science of sustainable agriculture and the impact it has on the environment. Common jobs within this career path include agronomist, range manager, and horticulturalist.
earth science - involves studying and preserving some specialized aspect of an ecosystem. Common jobs within this career path include hydrologist, soil scientist, and climatologist.
education - involves teaching science and environmental courses to students. While a high school teacher or college professor may be the first jobs that come to mind, there are numerous other possible jobs within this field, including park ranger/interpretive ranger, and environmental law enforcement officer.
life science - typically involves studying living organisms and their roles within an ecosystem. Common jobs within this path include ecologist, wildlife biologist, and forester.
physical science - involves studying specific aspects of an ecosystem and ensuring the health and sustainability of that ecosystem. Common jobs include water quality analyst, natural resource manager, and environmental compliance inspector.
planning and surveying - involves the study of landscapes and ecosystems to determine a sustainable way to build or work within that ecosystem. Common jobs include urban planner, surveyor/cartographer, and turf scientist.
If you’re not sure what you’d like to specialize in, ask a former professor or employer what field they could see you thriving in.
2-2. Determine an ideal type of employer.
Depending on the career path and job you're most interested in, you have many options as far as which employers to work for. There are many opportunities at all levels of employment for someone with a degree and experience in environmental science, including:
private sector - working as a consultant, researcher, or outdoor laborer.
public sector - working for government agencies, including the Department of Interior or Department of Agriculture, as well as state or city agencies like colleges and universities.
non-profit organizations - working for environmental advocacy groups like the Environmental Defense Fund, Clean Water Action, Student Conservation Association, or the Sierra Club.
2-3. Talk to working professionals.
One of the best ways to choose a career path is by talking to people who work across a variety of environmental fields. You should begin with talking to your professors (both current and former) and internship coordinators. However, you can expand outward and talk with researchers, park rangers/environmental law enforcement officers, private environmental consultants, and non-profit organization workers. This will give you a broader understanding of what specific jobs are available, and the pros and cons of those job options.
If you don't currently know anyone in an environmental field, find someone working in a relevant field near you and reach out to that person. Send a polite, professional email explaining that you're a student or recent graduate trying to gain a better understanding of what career options are available within the environmental field. Or try asking your professors if they have any contacts they can put you in touch with.
3. Finding Work as an Environmental Scientist
3-1. Write a strong resume.
Your resume is the first thing a potential employer sees when you apply to a position. It can make or break your chances of getting an interview, so it's important to write a strong, compelling resume that will highlight your best strengths and achievements.
Put your name and contact information at the top of the page. It should be perfectly clear to an employer who is applying for the job and how to contact that person.
List your education first, in reverse-chronological order (most recent degree first). If you scored well and/or earned any honors (such as graduating cum laude, etc.), list those honors and your impressive GPA under the degree you earned.
Include relevant skills and experience to illustrate that you've succeeded in similar endeavors in the past. This helps show an employer that you are capable of meeting the desired skills for that position. If you're fresh out of school and don't have very much experience yet, you may want to include a section on relevant coursework to show the extent of your studies and how that knowledge would translate well to your new career.
Detail your work experience in reverse-chronological order. You may want to list relevant work experience first, then have a separate section for additional work experience.
3-2. Compose a curriculum vitae.
A curriculum vitae (CV) is essentially a resume for working in academia. It highlights your academic accomplishments, including any relevant work experience. If you want to work in academia, either as a professor or as a researcher, you will most likely need to compose a CV instead of a resume.
Include your name and contact information at the top, just as you would for a resume.
Mention your specific area(s) of academic interest.
List your education history, including degrees (both earned and in-progress), schools/institutions, major or concentration, and year of graduation. These should be listed in reverse-chronological order.
List any awards you've earned, either academic or professional, in reverse-chronological order. You should also include any grants you were awarded and any honors you graduated with. Include the dates of those awards/grants/honors and any relevant information that a prospective employer may need to know about each award.
Detail your publication and presentation history. List any published articles, essays, or books, and any presentations you've given at conferences. If there are a lot of both presentations and publications, you can create a separate section for each.
Include a section on employment history, listed in reverse-chronological order. You can also include any relevant volunteer work, laboratory or field experiences, and teaching experience, or compose separate sections for each type of work experience if you have an extensive record in each category.
List any professional or scholarly organizations with which you are a member.
Include a section for your list of references. This should include any individuals who will be writing letters of recommendation for you, but may include other employers or long-term coworkers as well. Be sure to include each reference's contact information, and make sure it's okay for you to name that person as a reference by checking with him/her ahead of time.
3-3. Ask for reference letters.
Not every job requires an actual reference letter, but most jobs will ask for a list of references. It's important that you choose carefully when compiling your list of references, as these individuals will have to speak to both your work ethic and your talents/skills.
If you've participated in any internships, ask your internship leader/supervisor if he or she would be willing to provide you with a job reference.
Talk to former employers or coworkers from relevant jobs you've worked in the past. Just be sure that you choose employers with whom you ended on good terms.
If you're fresh out of college, reach out to your favorite professors or teaching assistants. You want someone who can speak to your interest and dedication to the field of environmental studies, so be sure that your teacher/TA will remember you and is willing to provide you with a professional reference.
3-4. Apply to environmental jobs.
There are many places to search for environmental science jobs. You may want to begin by asking your professors and current/former coworkers if they know of any professional openings that you might be qualified for. If you don't have any network contacts, that's okay - simply search online.
You can typically search for jobs based on location, job title/career path, agency/employer, salary, or education/experience requirements.
Look into placement programs for recent graduates. Some prestigious placement programs include Environmental Career Programs (through the Environmental Protection Agency), the Presidential Management Fellow Program, and the Pathways Program.
Search through career-specific job sites. Some websites to consider include EcoEmploy, Earthworks, Green Dream Jobs, and Greenbiz.
Follow the application requirements closely, including the deadline for applying. Be sure that your application includes all supplemental materials requested by the employer.
3-5. Give a good interview.
If your resume and application materials impress an employer, you may be called back for an interview. This is your chance to make a good impression, and you'll want to conduct yourself professionally and competently.
Dress appropriately. Women should wear a business suit or a professional-looking skirt and blouse with minimal jewelry and cosmetics. Men should wear a two-piece matching suit and tie, with well-groomed hair and facial hair (if relevant - if you do not have facial hair, be sure to be clean-shaved for your interview).
Research the company before the interview. Know what the company does, what your job would entail, and memorize the interviewer's or interviewers' name(s). Be sure to address the interviewer by the proper title (Dr./Mr./Ms.) and his/her last name (for example, Doctor Ramos).
Arrive 10 to 15 minutes early. Arriving late shows a careless or disrespectful attitude. If you are running late for reasons outside your control (traffic or a car accident, for example), call the office and let the interviewer or his/her secretary know that you will be late due to unforeseen circumstances. You'll want to apologize for any delays both on the phone and in person when you arrive.
Bring at least one extra resume to the interview.
Be confident and avoid using poor language, slang terms, or pause words like "uh" or "um".
Highlight your achievements and accomplishments, but don't brag.
Be honest about your academic and professional background. If you're unsure about some aspect of your work experience and the interviewer asks about it, be polite but direct - say something like, "I'm honestly not sure about that. When I worked in that department, my job primarily focused on _____."
Illustrate the research you've done on the organization you're interviewing with by relating your answers to some aspect of that organization. If the interviewer asks if you've got any questions at the end, you can cater your question(s) to some aspect of the business to show you've taken a serious interest in working for their organization.
Tips
Regardless of how high a degree you get, you can expect to take continuing education classes during your career to keep you abreast of the latest developments and technology in your field.
Pursue internships while you're in school so that you graduate with applicable experience in your field.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education\\n1-1. Take relevant high school courses.\\nYou'll need at least a bachelor's degree (and may need a master's as well) to work as an environmental scientist, but you can get a head start on your career path by taking relevant courses in high school. Some relevant high school courses to take include:\\nlaboratory sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics)\\nearth science, environmental science, or geology (if available at your school)\\nmathematics (algebra, geometry, trigonometry, precalculus, and calculus)\\nstatistics and computer science\\n1-2. Apply to an accredited college.\\nMost entry-level jobs in environmental science require you to have earned a minimum of a bachelor's degree. Some schools offer a generalized environmental science degree, but most employers will accept a degree in any science-related field.\\nLook for programs in either environmental science, or in a scientific field like biology, chemistry, geosciences, or engineering.\\nSearch online for four-year college programs. You can search by program or by location, if where you study is an important factor.\\n1-3. Take an internship.\\nInternships are not necessarily a requirement to graduate or become an environmental scientist, but they provide you with invaluable experience and industry contacts. You can find internships online or by talking to professors and guidance counselors at your school.\\nThe Student Conservation Association (SCA) provides many internship opportunities in all areas of environmental studies.\\nLook for internship opportunities that include working with computer modeling, data analysis, and geographic information systems (GIS). Having experience in these areas of study will help qualify you for many additional jobs, and may give you an advantage when it comes time to apply for jobs.\\n1-4. Earn a bachelor's degree.\\nWhether you major in environmental science or a scientific field, it's important to do well in your studies. Some employers require a master's or doctoral degree, in which case your grades and GPA may affect your eligibility. Make sure you've studied hard, done your best, and pursued any opportunities available outside the classroom.\\n1-5. Consider getting a graduate degree.\\nFor many entry-level jobs, you'll only need a bachelor's degree and some amount of relevant experience. However, if you want to advance at your job or become better-qualified for other positions, you may need to earn a master's degree. If you want to teach science classes at either the high school or college levels, you will absolutely need a master's degree, and if you want to perform university research you may need a PhD.\\nYou can learn about master's and doctoral programs in your area or in other parts of the country by searching online. As you research various graduate school programs, look for statistics like graduation rate, job placement rate, and publications by alumni.\\nBe aware that a master's degree in Biology or Environmental Science will generally take two to three years, and a doctoral degree will take considerably longer. However, the number of job opportunities, potential for advancement, and potential for a higher salary that accompany a graduate degree may make the time and money spent on a master's degree or PhD worth it.\\n2. Choosing a Career Path\\n2-1. Choose a field to work in.\\nThere are six primary career paths within environmental science, though of course there are many other related options, depending on your degree. Each career path involves many individual jobs in a variety of settings. The main career paths are:\\nagriculture - involves studying the science of sustainable agriculture and the impact it has on the environment. Common jobs within this career path include agronomist, range manager, and horticulturalist.\\nearth science - involves studying and preserving some specialized aspect of an ecosystem. Common jobs within this career path include hydrologist, soil scientist, and climatologist.\\neducation - involves teaching science and environmental courses to students. While a high school teacher or college professor may be the first jobs that come to mind, there are numerous other possible jobs within this field, including park ranger/interpretive ranger, and environmental law enforcement officer.\\nlife science - typically involves studying living organisms and their roles within an ecosystem. Common jobs within this path include ecologist, wildlife biologist, and forester.\\nphysical science - involves studying specific aspects of an ecosystem and ensuring the health and sustainability of that ecosystem. Common jobs include water quality analyst, natural resource manager, and environmental compliance inspector.\\nplanning and surveying - involves the study of landscapes and ecosystems to determine a sustainable way to build or work within that ecosystem. Common jobs include urban planner, surveyor/cartographer, and turf scientist.\\nIf you’re not sure what you’d like to specialize in, ask a former professor or employer what field they could see you thriving in.\\n2-2. Determine an ideal type of employer.\\nDepending on the career path and job you're most interested in, you have many options as far as which employers to work for. There are many opportunities at all levels of employment for someone with a degree and experience in environmental science, including:\\nprivate sector - working as a consultant, researcher, or outdoor laborer.\\npublic sector - working for government agencies, including the Department of Interior or Department of Agriculture, as well as state or city agencies like colleges and universities.\\nnon-profit organizations - working for environmental advocacy groups like the Environmental Defense Fund, Clean Water Action, Student Conservation Association, or the Sierra Club.\\n2-3. Talk to working professionals.\\nOne of the best ways to choose a career path is by talking to people who work across a variety of environmental fields. You should begin with talking to your professors (both current and former) and internship coordinators. However, you can expand outward and talk with researchers, park rangers/environmental law enforcement officers, private environmental consultants, and non-profit organization workers. This will give you a broader understanding of what specific jobs are available, and the pros and cons of those job options.\\nIf you don't currently know anyone in an environmental field, find someone working in a relevant field near you and reach out to that person. Send a polite, professional email explaining that you're a student or recent graduate trying to gain a better understanding of what career options are available within the environmental field. Or try asking your professors if they have any contacts they can put you in touch with.\\n3. Finding Work as an Environmental Scientist\\n3-1. Write a strong resume.\\nYour resume is the first thing a potential employer sees when you apply to a position. It can make or break your chances of getting an interview, so it's important to write a strong, compelling resume that will highlight your best strengths and achievements.\\nPut your name and contact information at the top of the page. It should be perfectly clear to an employer who is applying for the job and how to contact that person.\\nList your education first, in reverse-chronological order (most recent degree first). If you scored well and/or earned any honors (such as graduating cum laude, etc.), list those honors and your impressive GPA under the degree you earned.\\nInclude relevant skills and experience to illustrate that you've succeeded in similar endeavors in the past. This helps show an employer that you are capable of meeting the desired skills for that position. If you're fresh out of school and don't have very much experience yet, you may want to include a section on relevant coursework to show the extent of your studies and how that knowledge would translate well to your new career.\\nDetail your work experience in reverse-chronological order. You may want to list relevant work experience first, then have a separate section for additional work experience.\\n3-2. Compose a curriculum vitae.\\nA curriculum vitae (CV) is essentially a resume for working in academia. It highlights your academic accomplishments, including any relevant work experience. If you want to work in academia, either as a professor or as a researcher, you will most likely need to compose a CV instead of a resume.\\nInclude your name and contact information at the top, just as you would for a resume.\\nMention your specific area(s) of academic interest.\\nList your education history, including degrees (both earned and in-progress), schools/institutions, major or concentration, and year of graduation. These should be listed in reverse-chronological order.\\nList any awards you've earned, either academic or professional, in reverse-chronological order. You should also include any grants you were awarded and any honors you graduated with. Include the dates of those awards/grants/honors and any relevant information that a prospective employer may need to know about each award.\\nDetail your publication and presentation history. List any published articles, essays, or books, and any presentations you've given at conferences. If there are a lot of both presentations and publications, you can create a separate section for each.\\nInclude a section on employment history, listed in reverse-chronological order. You can also include any relevant volunteer work, laboratory or field experiences, and teaching experience, or compose separate sections for each type of work experience if you have an extensive record in each category.\\nList any professional or scholarly organizations with which you are a member.\\nInclude a section for your list of references. This should include any individuals who will be writing letters of recommendation for you, but may include other employers or long-term coworkers as well. Be sure to include each reference's contact information, and make sure it's okay for you to name that person as a reference by checking with him/her ahead of time.\\n3-3. Ask for reference letters.\\nNot every job requires an actual reference letter, but most jobs will ask for a list of references. It's important that you choose carefully when compiling your list of references, as these individuals will have to speak to both your work ethic and your talents/skills.\\nIf you've participated in any internships, ask your internship leader/supervisor if he or she would be willing to provide you with a job reference.\\nTalk to former employers or coworkers from relevant jobs you've worked in the past. Just be sure that you choose employers with whom you ended on good terms.\\nIf you're fresh out of college, reach out to your favorite professors or teaching assistants. You want someone who can speak to your interest and dedication to the field of environmental studies, so be sure that your teacher/TA will remember you and is willing to provide you with a professional reference.\\n3-4. Apply to environmental jobs.\\nThere are many places to search for environmental science jobs. You may want to begin by asking your professors and current/former coworkers if they know of any professional openings that you might be qualified for. If you don't have any network contacts, that's okay - simply search online.\\nYou can typically search for jobs based on location, job title/career path, agency/employer, salary, or education/experience requirements.\\nLook into placement programs for recent graduates. Some prestigious placement programs include Environmental Career Programs (through the Environmental Protection Agency), the Presidential Management Fellow Program, and the Pathways Program.\\nSearch through career-specific job sites. Some websites to consider include EcoEmploy, Earthworks, Green Dream Jobs, and Greenbiz.\\nFollow the application requirements closely, including the deadline for applying. Be sure that your application includes all supplemental materials requested by the employer.\\n3-5. Give a good interview.\\nIf your resume and application materials impress an employer, you may be called back for an interview. This is your chance to make a good impression, and you'll want to conduct yourself professionally and competently.\\nDress appropriately. Women should wear a business suit or a professional-looking skirt and blouse with minimal jewelry and cosmetics. Men should wear a two-piece matching suit and tie, with well-groomed hair and facial hair (if relevant - if you do not have facial hair, be sure to be clean-shaved for your interview).\\nResearch the company before the interview. Know what the company does, what your job would entail, and memorize the interviewer's or interviewers' name(s). Be sure to address the interviewer by the proper title (Dr./Mr./Ms.) and his/her last name (for example, Doctor Ramos).\\nArrive 10 to 15 minutes early. Arriving late shows a careless or disrespectful attitude. If you are running late for reasons outside your control (traffic or a car accident, for example), call the office and let the interviewer or his/her secretary know that you will be late due to unforeseen circumstances. You'll want to apologize for any delays both on the phone and in person when you arrive.\\nBring at least one extra resume to the interview.\\nBe confident and avoid using poor language, slang terms, or pause words like \\\"uh\\\" or \\\"um\\\".\\nHighlight your achievements and accomplishments, but don't brag.\\nBe honest about your academic and professional background. If you're unsure about some aspect of your work experience and the interviewer asks about it, be polite but direct - say something like, \\\"I'm honestly not sure about that. When I worked in that department, my job primarily focused on _____.\\\"\\nIllustrate the research you've done on the organization you're interviewing with by relating your answers to some aspect of that organization. If the interviewer asks if you've got any questions at the end, you can cater your question(s) to some aspect of the business to show you've taken a serious interest in working for their organization.\\nTips\\nRegardless of how high a degree you get, you can expect to take continuing education classes during your career to keep you abreast of the latest developments and technology in your field.\\nPursue internships while you're in school so that you graduate with applicable experience in your field.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Environmental scientists perform a variety of studies, including evaluating the air, water and soil for signs of pollution and developing ways to correct environmental problems. They may specialize in agriculture, earth science, education, life science, physical science, and planning/surveying. Environmental scientists often work long hours and may be required to brave the elements to conduct research and collect field samples, or work tirelessly in front of a microscope analyzing samples in a lab setting. However, environmental scientists work in an ever-expanding field with a strong job outlook and competitive pay. If you have a dedication to protecting the environment and enjoy research and problem-solving, a career in environmental science may be right for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take relevant high school courses.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need at least a bachelor's degree (and may need a master's as well) to work as an environmental scientist, but you can get a head start on your career path by taking relevant courses in high school. Some relevant high school courses to take include:\\nlaboratory sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics)\\nearth science, environmental science, or geology (if available at your school)\\nmathematics (algebra, geometry, trigonometry, precalculus, and calculus)\\nstatistics and computer science\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to an accredited college.\", \"描述\": \"Most entry-level jobs in environmental science require you to have earned a minimum of a bachelor's degree. Some schools offer a generalized environmental science degree, but most employers will accept a degree in any science-related field.\\nLook for programs in either environmental science, or in a scientific field like biology, chemistry, geosciences, or engineering.\\nSearch online for four-year college programs. You can search by program or by location, if where you study is an important factor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take an internship.\", \"描述\": \"Internships are not necessarily a requirement to graduate or become an environmental scientist, but they provide you with invaluable experience and industry contacts. You can find internships online or by talking to professors and guidance counselors at your school.\\nThe Student Conservation Association (SCA) provides many internship opportunities in all areas of environmental studies.\\nLook for internship opportunities that include working with computer modeling, data analysis, and geographic information systems (GIS). Having experience in these areas of study will help qualify you for many additional jobs, and may give you an advantage when it comes time to apply for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you major in environmental science or a scientific field, it's important to do well in your studies. Some employers require a master's or doctoral degree, in which case your grades and GPA may affect your eligibility. Make sure you've studied hard, done your best, and pursued any opportunities available outside the classroom.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a graduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"For many entry-level jobs, you'll only need a bachelor's degree and some amount of relevant experience. However, if you want to advance at your job or become better-qualified for other positions, you may need to earn a master's degree. If you want to teach science classes at either the high school or college levels, you will absolutely need a master's degree, and if you want to perform university research you may need a PhD.\\nYou can learn about master's and doctoral programs in your area or in other parts of the country by searching online. As you research various graduate school programs, look for statistics like graduation rate, job placement rate, and publications by alumni.\\nBe aware that a master's degree in Biology or Environmental Science will generally take two to three years, and a doctoral degree will take considerably longer. However, the number of job opportunities, potential for advancement, and potential for a higher salary that accompany a graduate degree may make the time and money spent on a master's degree or PhD worth it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choosing a Career Path\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a field to work in.\", \"描述\": \"There are six primary career paths within environmental science, though of course there are many other related options, depending on your degree. Each career path involves many individual jobs in a variety of settings. The main career paths are:\\nagriculture - involves studying the science of sustainable agriculture and the impact it has on the environment. Common jobs within this career path include agronomist, range manager, and horticulturalist.\\nearth science - involves studying and preserving some specialized aspect of an ecosystem. Common jobs within this career path include hydrologist, soil scientist, and climatologist.\\neducation - involves teaching science and environmental courses to students. While a high school teacher or college professor may be the first jobs that come to mind, there are numerous other possible jobs within this field, including park ranger/interpretive ranger, and environmental law enforcement officer.\\nlife science - typically involves studying living organisms and their roles within an ecosystem. Common jobs within this path include ecologist, wildlife biologist, and forester.\\nphysical science - involves studying specific aspects of an ecosystem and ensuring the health and sustainability of that ecosystem. Common jobs include water quality analyst, natural resource manager, and environmental compliance inspector.\\nplanning and surveying - involves the study of landscapes and ecosystems to determine a sustainable way to build or work within that ecosystem. Common jobs include urban planner, surveyor/cartographer, and turf scientist.\\nIf you’re not sure what you’d like to specialize in, ask a former professor or employer what field they could see you thriving in.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine an ideal type of employer.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the career path and job you're most interested in, you have many options as far as which employers to work for. There are many opportunities at all levels of employment for someone with a degree and experience in environmental science, including:\\nprivate sector - working as a consultant, researcher, or outdoor laborer.\\npublic sector - working for government agencies, including the Department of Interior or Department of Agriculture, as well as state or city agencies like colleges and universities.\\nnon-profit organizations - working for environmental advocacy groups like the Environmental Defense Fund, Clean Water Action, Student Conservation Association, or the Sierra Club.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to working professionals.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to choose a career path is by talking to people who work across a variety of environmental fields. You should begin with talking to your professors (both current and former) and internship coordinators. However, you can expand outward and talk with researchers, park rangers/environmental law enforcement officers, private environmental consultants, and non-profit organization workers. This will give you a broader understanding of what specific jobs are available, and the pros and cons of those job options.\\nIf you don't currently know anyone in an environmental field, find someone working in a relevant field near you and reach out to that person. Send a polite, professional email explaining that you're a student or recent graduate trying to gain a better understanding of what career options are available within the environmental field. Or try asking your professors if they have any contacts they can put you in touch with.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Work as an Environmental Scientist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a strong resume.\", \"描述\": \"Your resume is the first thing a potential employer sees when you apply to a position. It can make or break your chances of getting an interview, so it's important to write a strong, compelling resume that will highlight your best strengths and achievements.\\nPut your name and contact information at the top of the page. It should be perfectly clear to an employer who is applying for the job and how to contact that person.\\nList your education first, in reverse-chronological order (most recent degree first). If you scored well and/or earned any honors (such as graduating cum laude, etc.), list those honors and your impressive GPA under the degree you earned.\\nInclude relevant skills and experience to illustrate that you've succeeded in similar endeavors in the past. This helps show an employer that you are capable of meeting the desired skills for that position. If you're fresh out of school and don't have very much experience yet, you may want to include a section on relevant coursework to show the extent of your studies and how that knowledge would translate well to your new career.\\nDetail your work experience in reverse-chronological order. You may want to list relevant work experience first, then have a separate section for additional work experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Compose a curriculum vitae.\", \"描述\": \"A curriculum vitae (CV) is essentially a resume for working in academia. It highlights your academic accomplishments, including any relevant work experience. If you want to work in academia, either as a professor or as a researcher, you will most likely need to compose a CV instead of a resume.\\nInclude your name and contact information at the top, just as you would for a resume.\\nMention your specific area(s) of academic interest.\\nList your education history, including degrees (both earned and in-progress), schools/institutions, major or concentration, and year of graduation. These should be listed in reverse-chronological order.\\nList any awards you've earned, either academic or professional, in reverse-chronological order. You should also include any grants you were awarded and any honors you graduated with. Include the dates of those awards/grants/honors and any relevant information that a prospective employer may need to know about each award.\\nDetail your publication and presentation history. List any published articles, essays, or books, and any presentations you've given at conferences. If there are a lot of both presentations and publications, you can create a separate section for each.\\nInclude a section on employment history, listed in reverse-chronological order. You can also include any relevant volunteer work, laboratory or field experiences, and teaching experience, or compose separate sections for each type of work experience if you have an extensive record in each category.\\nList any professional or scholarly organizations with which you are a member.\\nInclude a section for your list of references. This should include any individuals who will be writing letters of recommendation for you, but may include other employers or long-term coworkers as well. Be sure to include each reference's contact information, and make sure it's okay for you to name that person as a reference by checking with him/her ahead of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask for reference letters.\", \"描述\": \"Not every job requires an actual reference letter, but most jobs will ask for a list of references. It's important that you choose carefully when compiling your list of references, as these individuals will have to speak to both your work ethic and your talents/skills.\\nIf you've participated in any internships, ask your internship leader/supervisor if he or she would be willing to provide you with a job reference.\\nTalk to former employers or coworkers from relevant jobs you've worked in the past. Just be sure that you choose employers with whom you ended on good terms.\\nIf you're fresh out of college, reach out to your favorite professors or teaching assistants. You want someone who can speak to your interest and dedication to the field of environmental studies, so be sure that your teacher/TA will remember you and is willing to provide you with a professional reference.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to environmental jobs.\", \"描述\": \"There are many places to search for environmental science jobs. You may want to begin by asking your professors and current/former coworkers if they know of any professional openings that you might be qualified for. If you don't have any network contacts, that's okay - simply search online.\\nYou can typically search for jobs based on location, job title/career path, agency/employer, salary, or education/experience requirements.\\nLook into placement programs for recent graduates. Some prestigious placement programs include Environmental Career Programs (through the Environmental Protection Agency), the Presidential Management Fellow Program, and the Pathways Program.\\nSearch through career-specific job sites. Some websites to consider include EcoEmploy, Earthworks, Green Dream Jobs, and Greenbiz.\\nFollow the application requirements closely, including the deadline for applying. Be sure that your application includes all supplemental materials requested by the employer.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give a good interview.\", \"描述\": \"If your resume and application materials impress an employer, you may be called back for an interview. This is your chance to make a good impression, and you'll want to conduct yourself professionally and competently.\\nDress appropriately. Women should wear a business suit or a professional-looking skirt and blouse with minimal jewelry and cosmetics. Men should wear a two-piece matching suit and tie, with well-groomed hair and facial hair (if relevant - if you do not have facial hair, be sure to be clean-shaved for your interview).\\nResearch the company before the interview. Know what the company does, what your job would entail, and memorize the interviewer's or interviewers' name(s). Be sure to address the interviewer by the proper title (Dr./Mr./Ms.) and his/her last name (for example, Doctor Ramos).\\nArrive 10 to 15 minutes early. Arriving late shows a careless or disrespectful attitude. If you are running late for reasons outside your control (traffic or a car accident, for example), call the office and let the interviewer or his/her secretary know that you will be late due to unforeseen circumstances. You'll want to apologize for any delays both on the phone and in person when you arrive.\\nBring at least one extra resume to the interview.\\nBe confident and avoid using poor language, slang terms, or pause words like \\\"uh\\\" or \\\"um\\\".\\nHighlight your achievements and accomplishments, but don't brag.\\nBe honest about your academic and professional background. If you're unsure about some aspect of your work experience and the interviewer asks about it, be polite but direct - say something like, \\\"I'm honestly not sure about that. When I worked in that department, my job primarily focused on _____.\\\"\\nIllustrate the research you've done on the organization you're interviewing with by relating your answers to some aspect of that organization. If the interviewer asks if you've got any questions at the end, you can cater your question(s) to some aspect of the business to show you've taken a serious interest in working for their organization.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Regardless of how high a degree you get, you can expect to take continuing education classes during your career to keep you abreast of the latest developments and technology in your field.\\n\", \"Pursue internships while you're in school so that you graduate with applicable experience in your field.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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5,991 |
How to Become an Environmentalist
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1. Joining an Organization
1-1. Research different environmental issues to discover your passions.
There are a seemingly unlimited number of interconnected environmental issues out there for you to tackle. Through environmental activism, you can help protect endangered species, clean up pollution, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, recycle, and promote renewable energy, among many other activities. Find out what calls to you so you can find ways to contribute.
Read about nature and environmental science. Get informed by reading books, magazines, websites, and news articles about nature, environmental science, and environmentalist causes.
No matter what you do during the day, you can find ways to contribute. You don’t need to focus on a single area, but doing so can help expose you to new ways to contribute to environmentalist causes.
1-2. Find local environmental groups in your area you can work with.
The easiest way to get involved right away is to work with a group that already exists in your area. Search online for volunteer opportunities and look for regional chapters of well-known environmental groups like the Sierra Club. Many schools and universities also have environmental groups for students who wish to get involved.
For example, if you are still in school, join a service group like Key Club and suggest environmental efforts. You could adopt a road or beach and help pick up trash.
If you’re willing to travel abroad, there are many opportunities available around the world. Animal preserves often take volunteers, or you can contribute to various other conservation projects.
1-3. Contact environmentalists and organizations for volunteer information.
Certain people and conservation groups have become leaders in environmentalism. Look online to find contact information, then write, call, or email them for inspiration. Ask any questions you have about ways you can get involved or make a difference in your area.
For example, Jane Goodall is an expert on primates. You can contact the Jane Goodall Institute at http://www.janegoodall.org/about/contact/.
Many organizations and environmentalists work with schools, businesses, and other organizations. They often make speaking engagements in order to teach others about the environment.
1-4. Use your talents to advocate for the environment in your own way.
There are a variety of ways to be a committed environmentalist. If you’re a people person, you might feel comfortable becoming a docent and leading nature walks at your local park. If you prefer writing, you could write to your local politicians to advocate ways to protect nature. Find activities that feel rewarding to you and contribute in a way that feels comfortable.
Even something as simple as baking banana bread or painting faces can help. You might use these skills to raise funds at an Earth Day fair or another event.
Not all activities will feel like a good match for you. Don’t feel discouraged if an opportunity doesn’t work out. You can always find new ways to contribute to environmentalism.
1-5. Get involved with environmentalist political movements.
You may have heard of activists speaking out in front of a government office or holding picket signs up near a new oil pipeline. Protesting on such a big stage can seem intimidating at first, but it is a way to gather together collectively to make your voice heard. Political work is necessary for encouraging policies to change.
For instance, you might try gathering signatures for a petition, lobbying your local government representatives, or calling businesses to encourage change.
Think of the introduction of energy-saving lightbulbs or bans on plastic straws. These policies can take a while to come about but they do help protect the environment.
2. Working in Your Community
2-1. Invite other people to join environmentalist causes.
The goal of an activist is not to change modern industrial society on his or her own, but to build wide grassroots support for serious reform. To begin, try sharing your stances and activities with your family and friends. Encourage them to come join you volunteering or to at least make small changes like recycling. Once you feel comfortable doing that, encourage your community to make small sacrifices to preserve the air, water, and food they depend on.
You can attend local political forums, street fairs, and similar events to reach a larger audience.
Be friendly even if people seem reluctant to help. Not everyone shares your love for environmentalism. Your best bet for reaching others is to be kind and informative, while contributing your time to good causes.
2-2. Visit a local park or wildlife sanctuary.
Environmentalists often have an appreciation for natural beauty. You can foster your own appreciation without having to stray far from your own backyard. At the park or sanctuary spot, learn about the local ecosystem. Speak with the employees and administrators to find ways to contribute.
Plenty of parks and sanctuaries are open to volunteer work or can provide jobs. You don’t have to start large. Conserving your own region is as necessary as any work done on a global scale.
Even if you don’t officially volunteer or sign up for a job, you can give back. Something as simple as picking up stray plastic bags helps.
2-3. Pick up litter you see on the ground.
Unfortunately, litter is everywhere. You can see it on roadsides, in forests, and clogging up river ways. Litter is unsightly, but it also constitutes pollution that harms wildlife. Pick up litter you find and dispose of it in a trash can or recycling bin. A piece of litter you pick up is a piece that stays out of the ocean or an animal’s stomach.
Join clean-up organizations in your area. Most areas have at least 1 organization dedicated to protecting a forest, body of water, or another part of nature. Look for these groups online or get in contact with your local government for opportunities.
2-4. Teach your community through environmentally-conscious events.
Environmentalists are most successful when they work with others. Be socially active to raise awareness in your community. The best way to do this is through fun events that promote education on environmental issues and ways to contribute to environmentalist causes. To make the biggest difference you can, get out there and start making allies!
For example, you could make an endangered animal club at your school, organize an Earth Day rally, or start a clean-up crew.
Teach others when you can. Teach a composting workshop, hand out pamphlets on recycling, or fundraise for animal conservation.
3. Contributing from Home
3-1. Post information about activism online.
Environmental activists have to keep their minds sharp and encourage others to join them. Convincing knowledge and persuasive rhetoric are both critical to calling people to join in conservation efforts. Try to read environmental publications to keep up with relevant news, then share it with others. Post it to social media, your blog, or find other ways to tell people you know.
Reading about social relations, industrial infrastructure such as oil refineries, and alternatives to the present way of living are always helpful.
Stay active with your efforts to increase the likelihood of other people reading what you post.
3-2. Recycle
Waste is one of the most pressing environmental issues. Every year countless amounts of used products go into landfills or end up in the environment. That doesn’t even include the energy sources used to make the items. Instead of putting everything in the trash, take your paper products, metal cans, glass, and other products to a recycling facility.
Many garbage removal services also offer recycling programs. Contact them for more information about how to participate.
Another way to recycle is to buy products made from recycled materials. Also, get used products from secondhand stores instead of buying new.
3-3. Eat less meat and dairy to reduce the impact of raising animals.
Farm animals take up a lot of resources and produce a lot of waste. This includes pesticides, hormones, and other nasty chemicals that get washed into lakes and rivers. You don’t have to eliminate these items from your diet, but try to substitute them on occasion for more fruits, vegetables, and grains.
Choose fruits and vegetables that aren’t treated with harmful pesticides. Some environmentalists choose to go vegetarian and stick to an organic diet.
Learn about how you can care for the environment, and make an effort to do so.
When you do eat meat and dairy, look for products without antibiotics or chemicals.
3-4. Reduce your usage of transportation.
Every environmentalist can tell you about the impact of fossil fuels. Every time you drive a car, you put more nasty car exhaust into the environment. Any transportation method that burns fuel contributes to air pollution and global warming. When you can, walk or ride a bike.
If walking or riding a bike isn’t an option, look for public transportation to reduce the number of cars on the road. Carpooling also helps.
Buying locally also helps cut back on carbon dioxide released by transportation vehicles.
3-5. Conserve energy at home by turning off appliances.
Most people use way more water and electricity than they need. These energy sources take resources to refine, let alone how often they lead to more pollution. Always turn off your water supply and lights when they aren’t in use. Try to save excess water, such as water in your shower as you let it heat up, and find a use for it.
Avoid energy-heavy items like washers and dryers when possible. Wash and dry clothes by hand to save lots of water!
Replace your appliances and light bulbs with energy-efficient versions. A lot of these items are eligible for rebates or tax incentives, depending on where you live.
Another way to save energy is to install solar panels. You may even produce enough electricity this way to avoid dealing with the electrical company.
3-6. Stay persistent when your efforts don’t seem to be working.
Changing the world is a long-term commitment. At first, you may find out that not a lot of people listen to you or make changes to help your cause. The struggle against pollution is difficult, but even small efforts make a big difference. Remind yourself of all the good you have done by raising awareness.
Reading environmentalist literature can serve as a morale boost in addition to being a recruiting tool.
When you feel discouraged, pull back and focus your energies on small tasks like recycling. These count, and by doing them you are already having an impact on the world.
4. Becoming a Professional Environmentalist
4-1. Take environmental science courses in high school.
Any science courses you are able to take can help prepare you for work as an environmentalist. Ecology classes are the most useful ones to take since they cover how living creatures interact with their environment. Other science courses, such as biology and chemistry, also come in handy.
Remember that most environmentalists have a well-rounded education covering many different subjects. Even if the classes available to you aren’t what you want to do, they may come in handy later.
4-2. Go to college for at least a 4-year degree in environmental science.
A good university environmental science program teaches you even more about how the world works. It combines different fields an environmentalist needs to know, from natural sciences like biology to Earth sciences like geography. Earning your degree prepares you for entry-level jobs in environmentalist-related fields.
Because environmentalists serve in a variety of roles, an environmental science degree isn’t your only option. Economics, political science, and even engineering can help you become an environmentalist.
You can also earn a master’s degree to gain more credentials. Try studying public policy, environmental planning, or other fields related to the kind of work you want to do.
4-3. Take writing classes while you are in school.
Many environmentalists benefit from having a solid foundation of writing skills. You should learn how to write cohesive, grammatically-correct reports. Environmentalists often write reports on their work, draft laws for new environmental policies, or create funding proposals. In addition, an environmentalist needs to know how to tailor these writing assignments to their intended audience.
Language classes are a good way to get a basis in writing. Business classes may also help you learn how to draft professional proposals.
Science classes may cover the need to write reports. Take these seriously, since a lot of people depend on work reports from professional environmentalists.
4-4. Master basic computer skills.
Taking a few computer classes can also round out your education. You will most likely need to use a computer to write reports and perform research. This means getting comfortable with word processor documents, spreadsheets, emails, and search engines. Classes covering information systems tend to be very useful in this line of work.
Some environmentalists may use data software to for science and for compiling reports. Others may work out in the field using scientific equipment.
4-5. Get involved with an internship or non-profit organization.
Joining these programs will get you some experience. The best time to start volunteering is now! High school students can find opportunities with the local chapters of environmentalist groups, animal welfare groups, and other organizations. University students should contact their school’s environmental science department for internship opportunities.
For example, you can join the Sierra Club, National Resource Defense Council, or work with animal sanctuaries.
Think about what you can do in your community. Even helping out with local cleanup committees or animal protective programs makes a difference.
4-6. Submit applications for environmentalist jobs.
Environmentalist is a large field, so there are many different jobs you can apply for. Take some time to consider your field or study and interests, then start looking for employers. Many government labs hire environmentalists for research purposes. Private labs also do this, while consulting firms need environmentalists to instruct others on greener living.
Avoid overlooking related fields. For instance, food scientists can provide research for sustainable agriculture. Lobbyists speak with politicians about environmental laws. Many jobs, from meteorologists to marine biologists, can double as environmentalists.
Tips
Start awareness at home. Make environmentally-conscious decisions for yourself, then encourage your friends and family.
Take care not to annoy others when sharing information. Some environmentalists may feel tempted to preach to others and talk endlessly about their actions. This makes people less receptive to environmentalist activities.
Reduce, reuse, and recycle is a good place to start. Reduce electricity usage, reuse what does not need to be disposed, and recycle what can be recycled (glass, paper bags, etc.)
Warnings
Be aware of regulations in your area. Some environmentalists break the law during their work, such as by crossing onto private property. You can get in legal trouble for this.
There are numerous ways to be an environmentalist, so don’t think that all you can do is recycle trash or go without tap water.
Be careful when working outdoors alone. Working with a team helps keeps you safe.
You may hear that you’re not a good environmentalist because you still eat meat, drive a car, or do some other activity. Never feel ashamed. If you make even one change, you are doing more than a lot of other people.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Joining an Organization\\n1-1. Research different environmental issues to discover your passions.\\nThere are a seemingly unlimited number of interconnected environmental issues out there for you to tackle. Through environmental activism, you can help protect endangered species, clean up pollution, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, recycle, and promote renewable energy, among many other activities. Find out what calls to you so you can find ways to contribute.\\nRead about nature and environmental science. Get informed by reading books, magazines, websites, and news articles about nature, environmental science, and environmentalist causes.\\nNo matter what you do during the day, you can find ways to contribute. You don’t need to focus on a single area, but doing so can help expose you to new ways to contribute to environmentalist causes.\\n1-2. Find local environmental groups in your area you can work with.\\nThe easiest way to get involved right away is to work with a group that already exists in your area. Search online for volunteer opportunities and look for regional chapters of well-known environmental groups like the Sierra Club. Many schools and universities also have environmental groups for students who wish to get involved.\\nFor example, if you are still in school, join a service group like Key Club and suggest environmental efforts. You could adopt a road or beach and help pick up trash.\\nIf you’re willing to travel abroad, there are many opportunities available around the world. Animal preserves often take volunteers, or you can contribute to various other conservation projects.\\n1-3. Contact environmentalists and organizations for volunteer information.\\nCertain people and conservation groups have become leaders in environmentalism. Look online to find contact information, then write, call, or email them for inspiration. Ask any questions you have about ways you can get involved or make a difference in your area.\\nFor example, Jane Goodall is an expert on primates. You can contact the Jane Goodall Institute at http://www.janegoodall.org/about/contact/.\\nMany organizations and environmentalists work with schools, businesses, and other organizations. They often make speaking engagements in order to teach others about the environment.\\n1-4. Use your talents to advocate for the environment in your own way.\\nThere are a variety of ways to be a committed environmentalist. If you’re a people person, you might feel comfortable becoming a docent and leading nature walks at your local park. If you prefer writing, you could write to your local politicians to advocate ways to protect nature. Find activities that feel rewarding to you and contribute in a way that feels comfortable.\\nEven something as simple as baking banana bread or painting faces can help. You might use these skills to raise funds at an Earth Day fair or another event.\\nNot all activities will feel like a good match for you. Don’t feel discouraged if an opportunity doesn’t work out. You can always find new ways to contribute to environmentalism.\\n1-5. Get involved with environmentalist political movements.\\nYou may have heard of activists speaking out in front of a government office or holding picket signs up near a new oil pipeline. Protesting on such a big stage can seem intimidating at first, but it is a way to gather together collectively to make your voice heard. Political work is necessary for encouraging policies to change.\\nFor instance, you might try gathering signatures for a petition, lobbying your local government representatives, or calling businesses to encourage change.\\nThink of the introduction of energy-saving lightbulbs or bans on plastic straws. These policies can take a while to come about but they do help protect the environment.\\n2. Working in Your Community\\n2-1. Invite other people to join environmentalist causes.\\nThe goal of an activist is not to change modern industrial society on his or her own, but to build wide grassroots support for serious reform. To begin, try sharing your stances and activities with your family and friends. Encourage them to come join you volunteering or to at least make small changes like recycling. Once you feel comfortable doing that, encourage your community to make small sacrifices to preserve the air, water, and food they depend on.\\nYou can attend local political forums, street fairs, and similar events to reach a larger audience.\\nBe friendly even if people seem reluctant to help. Not everyone shares your love for environmentalism. Your best bet for reaching others is to be kind and informative, while contributing your time to good causes.\\n2-2. Visit a local park or wildlife sanctuary.\\nEnvironmentalists often have an appreciation for natural beauty. You can foster your own appreciation without having to stray far from your own backyard. At the park or sanctuary spot, learn about the local ecosystem. Speak with the employees and administrators to find ways to contribute.\\nPlenty of parks and sanctuaries are open to volunteer work or can provide jobs. You don’t have to start large. Conserving your own region is as necessary as any work done on a global scale.\\nEven if you don’t officially volunteer or sign up for a job, you can give back. Something as simple as picking up stray plastic bags helps.\\n2-3. Pick up litter you see on the ground.\\nUnfortunately, litter is everywhere. You can see it on roadsides, in forests, and clogging up river ways. Litter is unsightly, but it also constitutes pollution that harms wildlife. Pick up litter you find and dispose of it in a trash can or recycling bin. A piece of litter you pick up is a piece that stays out of the ocean or an animal’s stomach.\\nJoin clean-up organizations in your area. Most areas have at least 1 organization dedicated to protecting a forest, body of water, or another part of nature. Look for these groups online or get in contact with your local government for opportunities.\\n2-4. Teach your community through environmentally-conscious events.\\nEnvironmentalists are most successful when they work with others. Be socially active to raise awareness in your community. The best way to do this is through fun events that promote education on environmental issues and ways to contribute to environmentalist causes. To make the biggest difference you can, get out there and start making allies!\\nFor example, you could make an endangered animal club at your school, organize an Earth Day rally, or start a clean-up crew.\\nTeach others when you can. Teach a composting workshop, hand out pamphlets on recycling, or fundraise for animal conservation.\\n3. Contributing from Home\\n3-1. Post information about activism online.\\nEnvironmental activists have to keep their minds sharp and encourage others to join them. Convincing knowledge and persuasive rhetoric are both critical to calling people to join in conservation efforts. Try to read environmental publications to keep up with relevant news, then share it with others. Post it to social media, your blog, or find other ways to tell people you know.\\nReading about social relations, industrial infrastructure such as oil refineries, and alternatives to the present way of living are always helpful.\\nStay active with your efforts to increase the likelihood of other people reading what you post.\\n3-2. Recycle\\nWaste is one of the most pressing environmental issues. Every year countless amounts of used products go into landfills or end up in the environment. That doesn’t even include the energy sources used to make the items. Instead of putting everything in the trash, take your paper products, metal cans, glass, and other products to a recycling facility.\\nMany garbage removal services also offer recycling programs. Contact them for more information about how to participate.\\nAnother way to recycle is to buy products made from recycled materials. Also, get used products from secondhand stores instead of buying new.\\n3-3. Eat less meat and dairy to reduce the impact of raising animals.\\nFarm animals take up a lot of resources and produce a lot of waste. This includes pesticides, hormones, and other nasty chemicals that get washed into lakes and rivers. You don’t have to eliminate these items from your diet, but try to substitute them on occasion for more fruits, vegetables, and grains.\\nChoose fruits and vegetables that aren’t treated with harmful pesticides. Some environmentalists choose to go vegetarian and stick to an organic diet.\\nLearn about how you can care for the environment, and make an effort to do so.\\nWhen you do eat meat and dairy, look for products without antibiotics or chemicals.\\n3-4. Reduce your usage of transportation.\\nEvery environmentalist can tell you about the impact of fossil fuels. Every time you drive a car, you put more nasty car exhaust into the environment. Any transportation method that burns fuel contributes to air pollution and global warming. When you can, walk or ride a bike.\\nIf walking or riding a bike isn’t an option, look for public transportation to reduce the number of cars on the road. Carpooling also helps.\\nBuying locally also helps cut back on carbon dioxide released by transportation vehicles.\\n3-5. Conserve energy at home by turning off appliances.\\nMost people use way more water and electricity than they need. These energy sources take resources to refine, let alone how often they lead to more pollution. Always turn off your water supply and lights when they aren’t in use. Try to save excess water, such as water in your shower as you let it heat up, and find a use for it.\\nAvoid energy-heavy items like washers and dryers when possible. Wash and dry clothes by hand to save lots of water!\\nReplace your appliances and light bulbs with energy-efficient versions. A lot of these items are eligible for rebates or tax incentives, depending on where you live.\\nAnother way to save energy is to install solar panels. You may even produce enough electricity this way to avoid dealing with the electrical company.\\n3-6. Stay persistent when your efforts don’t seem to be working.\\nChanging the world is a long-term commitment. At first, you may find out that not a lot of people listen to you or make changes to help your cause. The struggle against pollution is difficult, but even small efforts make a big difference. Remind yourself of all the good you have done by raising awareness.\\nReading environmentalist literature can serve as a morale boost in addition to being a recruiting tool.\\nWhen you feel discouraged, pull back and focus your energies on small tasks like recycling. These count, and by doing them you are already having an impact on the world.\\n4. Becoming a Professional Environmentalist\\n4-1. Take environmental science courses in high school.\\nAny science courses you are able to take can help prepare you for work as an environmentalist. Ecology classes are the most useful ones to take since they cover how living creatures interact with their environment. Other science courses, such as biology and chemistry, also come in handy.\\nRemember that most environmentalists have a well-rounded education covering many different subjects. Even if the classes available to you aren’t what you want to do, they may come in handy later.\\n4-2. Go to college for at least a 4-year degree in environmental science.\\nA good university environmental science program teaches you even more about how the world works. It combines different fields an environmentalist needs to know, from natural sciences like biology to Earth sciences like geography. Earning your degree prepares you for entry-level jobs in environmentalist-related fields.\\nBecause environmentalists serve in a variety of roles, an environmental science degree isn’t your only option. Economics, political science, and even engineering can help you become an environmentalist.\\nYou can also earn a master’s degree to gain more credentials. Try studying public policy, environmental planning, or other fields related to the kind of work you want to do.\\n4-3. Take writing classes while you are in school.\\nMany environmentalists benefit from having a solid foundation of writing skills. You should learn how to write cohesive, grammatically-correct reports. Environmentalists often write reports on their work, draft laws for new environmental policies, or create funding proposals. In addition, an environmentalist needs to know how to tailor these writing assignments to their intended audience.\\nLanguage classes are a good way to get a basis in writing. Business classes may also help you learn how to draft professional proposals.\\nScience classes may cover the need to write reports. Take these seriously, since a lot of people depend on work reports from professional environmentalists.\\n4-4. Master basic computer skills.\\nTaking a few computer classes can also round out your education. You will most likely need to use a computer to write reports and perform research. This means getting comfortable with word processor documents, spreadsheets, emails, and search engines. Classes covering information systems tend to be very useful in this line of work.\\nSome environmentalists may use data software to for science and for compiling reports. Others may work out in the field using scientific equipment.\\n4-5. Get involved with an internship or non-profit organization.\\nJoining these programs will get you some experience. The best time to start volunteering is now! High school students can find opportunities with the local chapters of environmentalist groups, animal welfare groups, and other organizations. University students should contact their school’s environmental science department for internship opportunities.\\nFor example, you can join the Sierra Club, National Resource Defense Council, or work with animal sanctuaries.\\nThink about what you can do in your community. Even helping out with local cleanup committees or animal protective programs makes a difference.\\n4-6. Submit applications for environmentalist jobs.\\nEnvironmentalist is a large field, so there are many different jobs you can apply for. Take some time to consider your field or study and interests, then start looking for employers. Many government labs hire environmentalists for research purposes. Private labs also do this, while consulting firms need environmentalists to instruct others on greener living.\\nAvoid overlooking related fields. For instance, food scientists can provide research for sustainable agriculture. Lobbyists speak with politicians about environmental laws. Many jobs, from meteorologists to marine biologists, can double as environmentalists.\\nTips\\nStart awareness at home. Make environmentally-conscious decisions for yourself, then encourage your friends and family.\\nTake care not to annoy others when sharing information. Some environmentalists may feel tempted to preach to others and talk endlessly about their actions. This makes people less receptive to environmentalist activities.\\nReduce, reuse, and recycle is a good place to start. Reduce electricity usage, reuse what does not need to be disposed, and recycle what can be recycled (glass, paper bags, etc.)\\nWarnings\\nBe aware of regulations in your area. Some environmentalists break the law during their work, such as by crossing onto private property. You can get in legal trouble for this.\\nThere are numerous ways to be an environmentalist, so don’t think that all you can do is recycle trash or go without tap water.\\nBe careful when working outdoors alone. Working with a team helps keeps you safe.\\nYou may hear that you’re not a good environmentalist because you still eat meat, drive a car, or do some other activity. Never feel ashamed. If you make even one change, you are doing more than a lot of other people.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming an environmentalist is a fun and fulfilling way to conserve the world around you. There are many ways in which the Earth needs help, so you can always find ways to contribute that suit your skills and passions. You can work as a professional environmentalist, volunteer on your free time, or even start conserving resources at home. Environmentalism involves understanding how human activities affect nature, so even seemingly small contributions make a difference in preserving the Earth.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Joining an Organization\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research different environmental issues to discover your passions.\", \"描述\": \"There are a seemingly unlimited number of interconnected environmental issues out there for you to tackle. Through environmental activism, you can help protect endangered species, clean up pollution, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, recycle, and promote renewable energy, among many other activities. Find out what calls to you so you can find ways to contribute.\\nRead about nature and environmental science. Get informed by reading books, magazines, websites, and news articles about nature, environmental science, and environmentalist causes.\\nNo matter what you do during the day, you can find ways to contribute. You don’t need to focus on a single area, but doing so can help expose you to new ways to contribute to environmentalist causes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find local environmental groups in your area you can work with.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to get involved right away is to work with a group that already exists in your area. Search online for volunteer opportunities and look for regional chapters of well-known environmental groups like the Sierra Club. Many schools and universities also have environmental groups for students who wish to get involved.\\nFor example, if you are still in school, join a service group like Key Club and suggest environmental efforts. You could adopt a road or beach and help pick up trash.\\nIf you’re willing to travel abroad, there are many opportunities available around the world. Animal preserves often take volunteers, or you can contribute to various other conservation projects.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact environmentalists and organizations for volunteer information.\", \"描述\": \"Certain people and conservation groups have become leaders in environmentalism. Look online to find contact information, then write, call, or email them for inspiration. Ask any questions you have about ways you can get involved or make a difference in your area.\\nFor example, Jane Goodall is an expert on primates. You can contact the Jane Goodall Institute at http://www.janegoodall.org/about/contact/.\\nMany organizations and environmentalists work with schools, businesses, and other organizations. They often make speaking engagements in order to teach others about the environment.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use your talents to advocate for the environment in your own way.\", \"描述\": \"There are a variety of ways to be a committed environmentalist. If you’re a people person, you might feel comfortable becoming a docent and leading nature walks at your local park. If you prefer writing, you could write to your local politicians to advocate ways to protect nature. Find activities that feel rewarding to you and contribute in a way that feels comfortable.\\nEven something as simple as baking banana bread or painting faces can help. You might use these skills to raise funds at an Earth Day fair or another event.\\nNot all activities will feel like a good match for you. Don’t feel discouraged if an opportunity doesn’t work out. You can always find new ways to contribute to environmentalism.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get involved with environmentalist political movements.\", \"描述\": \"You may have heard of activists speaking out in front of a government office or holding picket signs up near a new oil pipeline. Protesting on such a big stage can seem intimidating at first, but it is a way to gather together collectively to make your voice heard. Political work is necessary for encouraging policies to change.\\nFor instance, you might try gathering signatures for a petition, lobbying your local government representatives, or calling businesses to encourage change.\\nThink of the introduction of energy-saving lightbulbs or bans on plastic straws. These policies can take a while to come about but they do help protect the environment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Working in Your Community\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Invite other people to join environmentalist causes.\", \"描述\": \"The goal of an activist is not to change modern industrial society on his or her own, but to build wide grassroots support for serious reform. To begin, try sharing your stances and activities with your family and friends. Encourage them to come join you volunteering or to at least make small changes like recycling. Once you feel comfortable doing that, encourage your community to make small sacrifices to preserve the air, water, and food they depend on.\\nYou can attend local political forums, street fairs, and similar events to reach a larger audience.\\nBe friendly even if people seem reluctant to help. Not everyone shares your love for environmentalism. Your best bet for reaching others is to be kind and informative, while contributing your time to good causes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit a local park or wildlife sanctuary.\", \"描述\": \"Environmentalists often have an appreciation for natural beauty. You can foster your own appreciation without having to stray far from your own backyard. At the park or sanctuary spot, learn about the local ecosystem. Speak with the employees and administrators to find ways to contribute.\\nPlenty of parks and sanctuaries are open to volunteer work or can provide jobs. You don’t have to start large. Conserving your own region is as necessary as any work done on a global scale.\\nEven if you don’t officially volunteer or sign up for a job, you can give back. Something as simple as picking up stray plastic bags helps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick up litter you see on the ground.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, litter is everywhere. You can see it on roadsides, in forests, and clogging up river ways. Litter is unsightly, but it also constitutes pollution that harms wildlife. Pick up litter you find and dispose of it in a trash can or recycling bin. A piece of litter you pick up is a piece that stays out of the ocean or an animal’s stomach.\\nJoin clean-up organizations in your area. Most areas have at least 1 organization dedicated to protecting a forest, body of water, or another part of nature. Look for these groups online or get in contact with your local government for opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Teach your community through environmentally-conscious events.\", \"描述\": \"Environmentalists are most successful when they work with others. Be socially active to raise awareness in your community. The best way to do this is through fun events that promote education on environmental issues and ways to contribute to environmentalist causes. To make the biggest difference you can, get out there and start making allies!\\nFor example, you could make an endangered animal club at your school, organize an Earth Day rally, or start a clean-up crew.\\nTeach others when you can. Teach a composting workshop, hand out pamphlets on recycling, or fundraise for animal conservation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contributing from Home\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Post information about activism online.\", \"描述\": \"Environmental activists have to keep their minds sharp and encourage others to join them. Convincing knowledge and persuasive rhetoric are both critical to calling people to join in conservation efforts. Try to read environmental publications to keep up with relevant news, then share it with others. Post it to social media, your blog, or find other ways to tell people you know.\\nReading about social relations, industrial infrastructure such as oil refineries, and alternatives to the present way of living are always helpful.\\nStay active with your efforts to increase the likelihood of other people reading what you post.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Recycle\", \"描述\": \"Waste is one of the most pressing environmental issues. Every year countless amounts of used products go into landfills or end up in the environment. That doesn’t even include the energy sources used to make the items. Instead of putting everything in the trash, take your paper products, metal cans, glass, and other products to a recycling facility.\\nMany garbage removal services also offer recycling programs. Contact them for more information about how to participate.\\nAnother way to recycle is to buy products made from recycled materials. Also, get used products from secondhand stores instead of buying new.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat less meat and dairy to reduce the impact of raising animals.\", \"描述\": \"Farm animals take up a lot of resources and produce a lot of waste. This includes pesticides, hormones, and other nasty chemicals that get washed into lakes and rivers. You don’t have to eliminate these items from your diet, but try to substitute them on occasion for more fruits, vegetables, and grains.\\nChoose fruits and vegetables that aren’t treated with harmful pesticides. Some environmentalists choose to go vegetarian and stick to an organic diet.\\nLearn about how you can care for the environment, and make an effort to do so.\\nWhen you do eat meat and dairy, look for products without antibiotics or chemicals.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reduce your usage of transportation.\", \"描述\": \"Every environmentalist can tell you about the impact of fossil fuels. Every time you drive a car, you put more nasty car exhaust into the environment. Any transportation method that burns fuel contributes to air pollution and global warming. When you can, walk or ride a bike.\\nIf walking or riding a bike isn’t an option, look for public transportation to reduce the number of cars on the road. Carpooling also helps.\\nBuying locally also helps cut back on carbon dioxide released by transportation vehicles.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Conserve energy at home by turning off appliances.\", \"描述\": \"Most people use way more water and electricity than they need. These energy sources take resources to refine, let alone how often they lead to more pollution. Always turn off your water supply and lights when they aren’t in use. Try to save excess water, such as water in your shower as you let it heat up, and find a use for it.\\nAvoid energy-heavy items like washers and dryers when possible. Wash and dry clothes by hand to save lots of water!\\nReplace your appliances and light bulbs with energy-efficient versions. A lot of these items are eligible for rebates or tax incentives, depending on where you live.\\nAnother way to save energy is to install solar panels. You may even produce enough electricity this way to avoid dealing with the electrical company.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Stay persistent when your efforts don’t seem to be working.\", \"描述\": \"Changing the world is a long-term commitment. At first, you may find out that not a lot of people listen to you or make changes to help your cause. The struggle against pollution is difficult, but even small efforts make a big difference. Remind yourself of all the good you have done by raising awareness.\\nReading environmentalist literature can serve as a morale boost in addition to being a recruiting tool.\\nWhen you feel discouraged, pull back and focus your energies on small tasks like recycling. These count, and by doing them you are already having an impact on the world.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Professional Environmentalist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take environmental science courses in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Any science courses you are able to take can help prepare you for work as an environmentalist. Ecology classes are the most useful ones to take since they cover how living creatures interact with their environment. Other science courses, such as biology and chemistry, also come in handy.\\nRemember that most environmentalists have a well-rounded education covering many different subjects. Even if the classes available to you aren’t what you want to do, they may come in handy later.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go to college for at least a 4-year degree in environmental science.\", \"描述\": \"A good university environmental science program teaches you even more about how the world works. It combines different fields an environmentalist needs to know, from natural sciences like biology to Earth sciences like geography. Earning your degree prepares you for entry-level jobs in environmentalist-related fields.\\nBecause environmentalists serve in a variety of roles, an environmental science degree isn’t your only option. Economics, political science, and even engineering can help you become an environmentalist.\\nYou can also earn a master’s degree to gain more credentials. Try studying public policy, environmental planning, or other fields related to the kind of work you want to do.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take writing classes while you are in school.\", \"描述\": \"Many environmentalists benefit from having a solid foundation of writing skills. You should learn how to write cohesive, grammatically-correct reports. Environmentalists often write reports on their work, draft laws for new environmental policies, or create funding proposals. In addition, an environmentalist needs to know how to tailor these writing assignments to their intended audience.\\nLanguage classes are a good way to get a basis in writing. Business classes may also help you learn how to draft professional proposals.\\nScience classes may cover the need to write reports. Take these seriously, since a lot of people depend on work reports from professional environmentalists.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Master basic computer skills.\", \"描述\": \"Taking a few computer classes can also round out your education. You will most likely need to use a computer to write reports and perform research. This means getting comfortable with word processor documents, spreadsheets, emails, and search engines. Classes covering information systems tend to be very useful in this line of work.\\nSome environmentalists may use data software to for science and for compiling reports. Others may work out in the field using scientific equipment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get involved with an internship or non-profit organization.\", \"描述\": \"Joining these programs will get you some experience. The best time to start volunteering is now! High school students can find opportunities with the local chapters of environmentalist groups, animal welfare groups, and other organizations. University students should contact their school’s environmental science department for internship opportunities.\\nFor example, you can join the Sierra Club, National Resource Defense Council, or work with animal sanctuaries.\\nThink about what you can do in your community. Even helping out with local cleanup committees or animal protective programs makes a difference.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Submit applications for environmentalist jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Environmentalist is a large field, so there are many different jobs you can apply for. Take some time to consider your field or study and interests, then start looking for employers. Many government labs hire environmentalists for research purposes. Private labs also do this, while consulting firms need environmentalists to instruct others on greener living.\\nAvoid overlooking related fields. For instance, food scientists can provide research for sustainable agriculture. Lobbyists speak with politicians about environmental laws. Many jobs, from meteorologists to marine biologists, can double as environmentalists.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Start awareness at home. Make environmentally-conscious decisions for yourself, then encourage your friends and family.\\n\", \"Take care not to annoy others when sharing information. Some environmentalists may feel tempted to preach to others and talk endlessly about their actions. This makes people less receptive to environmentalist activities.\\n\", \"Reduce, reuse, and recycle is a good place to start. Reduce electricity usage, reuse what does not need to be disposed, and recycle what can be recycled (glass, paper bags, etc.)\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be aware of regulations in your area. Some environmentalists break the law during their work, such as by crossing onto private property. You can get in legal trouble for this.\\n\", \"There are numerous ways to be an environmentalist, so don’t think that all you can do is recycle trash or go without tap water.\\n\", \"Be careful when working outdoors alone. Working with a team helps keeps you safe.\\n\", \"You may hear that you’re not a good environmentalist because you still eat meat, drive a car, or do some other activity. Never feel ashamed. If you make even one change, you are doing more than a lot of other people.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,992 |
How to Become an Episcopal Priest
|
1. Steps
1-1. Test your vocation initially in prayer and by participating in ministry opportunities in your congregation.
You are known as an aspirant during this initial phase in the ordination process.
1-2. Explore your vocation within your congregation.
Ask your rector to pray with you and tell him or her that you are exploring the possibility that you are called to ordination as a priest.
You will meet with representatives of the congregation, usually the Vestry (the elected lay leadership of the congregation) if your priest agrees that you may have a vocation. They will help decide whether to present you to your diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry for consideration as a postulant for ordination, which is the next step in the process toward ordination.
1-3. Meet with your bishop and Diocesan Commission on Ministry if you have the support of your parish committee and your rector.
Share your discernment process to date and ask for guidance.
Your diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry will determine whether to approve you as a postulant, the first formal step in the ordination process.
1-4. Plan for, and begin, your seminary education.
The Episcopal Church has 9 accredited seminaries that prepare students for the priesthood.
You must apply to, and be accepted by, a seminary, which is a 3-year graduate program leading to a Masters Degree in Divinity.
You may, if your diocese permits, attend a non-Episcopal seminary. You will need to complete additional studies or training in the Anglican tradition.
1-5. Continue to work and pray with your bishop, Commission on Ministry and home parish during your seminary studies.
Postulants write Ember Day letters 4 times during the year to their bishops. Ember Day letters are written during the week of the third Sunday in Advent, the week after the first Sunday in Lent, the week beginning with Pentecost, and the week after the first Sunday following Holy Cross Day. Ember Days are traditionally special days of prayer and fasting for those preparing for ordination. Ember Day letters report to the bishop on your reflections during this phase of your spiritual journey.
You will also continue during seminary to meet with your bishop and other diocesan representatives as prescribed by the regulations of your diocese.
1-6. Apply to your bishop, Commission on Ministry and Standing Committee to move forward in the process and be considered a candidate for ordination.
You will usually be a candidate for at least 6 months before applying for ordination as a deacon.
1-7. Take the General Ordination Exam (GOE), usually during your final year of seminary.
All candidates for ordination must take and pass the GOE.
The exam consists of in depth essay questions, given over 5 days. Candidates are given 3 hours for each essay.
The GOE covers the 7 canonical areas of the Holy Scriptures, Church History, Christian Theology, Christian Ethics, Contemporary Society, Liturgics and Music and Theory and Practice of Ministry.
A new exam is developed each year by the General Board of Examiners of the church.
1-8. Apply for ordination as a deacon.
You will serve as a deacon for at least 6 months before being ordained a priest.
1-9. Apply for ordination to the priesthood.
You may be ordained to the priesthood upon the approval of the Commission on Ministry, the Standing Committee and the bishop .
Tips
You may complete seminary before beginning the ordination process. Some people attend seminary intending to pursue an academic or counseling career, for example, but find themselves called to explore a vocation to ordained ministry. In this case, the process from aspirant to ordination may take as little as 18 months.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Test your vocation initially in prayer and by participating in ministry opportunities in your congregation.\\nYou are known as an aspirant during this initial phase in the ordination process.\\n1-2. Explore your vocation within your congregation.\\nAsk your rector to pray with you and tell him or her that you are exploring the possibility that you are called to ordination as a priest.\\nYou will meet with representatives of the congregation, usually the Vestry (the elected lay leadership of the congregation) if your priest agrees that you may have a vocation. They will help decide whether to present you to your diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry for consideration as a postulant for ordination, which is the next step in the process toward ordination.\\n1-3. Meet with your bishop and Diocesan Commission on Ministry if you have the support of your parish committee and your rector.\\nShare your discernment process to date and ask for guidance.\\nYour diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry will determine whether to approve you as a postulant, the first formal step in the ordination process.\\n1-4. Plan for, and begin, your seminary education.\\nThe Episcopal Church has 9 accredited seminaries that prepare students for the priesthood.\\nYou must apply to, and be accepted by, a seminary, which is a 3-year graduate program leading to a Masters Degree in Divinity.\\nYou may, if your diocese permits, attend a non-Episcopal seminary. You will need to complete additional studies or training in the Anglican tradition.\\n1-5. Continue to work and pray with your bishop, Commission on Ministry and home parish during your seminary studies.\\nPostulants write Ember Day letters 4 times during the year to their bishops. Ember Day letters are written during the week of the third Sunday in Advent, the week after the first Sunday in Lent, the week beginning with Pentecost, and the week after the first Sunday following Holy Cross Day. Ember Days are traditionally special days of prayer and fasting for those preparing for ordination. Ember Day letters report to the bishop on your reflections during this phase of your spiritual journey.\\nYou will also continue during seminary to meet with your bishop and other diocesan representatives as prescribed by the regulations of your diocese.\\n1-6. Apply to your bishop, Commission on Ministry and Standing Committee to move forward in the process and be considered a candidate for ordination.\\nYou will usually be a candidate for at least 6 months before applying for ordination as a deacon.\\n1-7. Take the General Ordination Exam (GOE), usually during your final year of seminary.\\nAll candidates for ordination must take and pass the GOE.\\nThe exam consists of in depth essay questions, given over 5 days. Candidates are given 3 hours for each essay.\\nThe GOE covers the 7 canonical areas of the Holy Scriptures, Church History, Christian Theology, Christian Ethics, Contemporary Society, Liturgics and Music and Theory and Practice of Ministry.\\nA new exam is developed each year by the General Board of Examiners of the church.\\n1-8. Apply for ordination as a deacon.\\nYou will serve as a deacon for at least 6 months before being ordained a priest.\\n1-9. Apply for ordination to the priesthood.\\nYou may be ordained to the priesthood upon the approval of the Commission on Ministry, the Standing Committee and the bishop .\\nTips\\nYou may complete seminary before beginning the ordination process. Some people attend seminary intending to pursue an academic or counseling career, for example, but find themselves called to explore a vocation to ordained ministry. In this case, the process from aspirant to ordination may take as little as 18 months.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Priests in the Episcopal Church are called to ordination by God, and the call is confirmed by the church in a discernment process with the prospective candidate for ordination. If you believe you may be called to the priesthood, or if people have suggested that you consider ordination, the Episcopal Church offers a process to help you to explore that call. The entire process of prayer, education and consultation will take four to five years.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Test your vocation initially in prayer and by participating in ministry opportunities in your congregation.\", \"描述\": \"You are known as an aspirant during this initial phase in the ordination process.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Explore your vocation within your congregation.\", \"描述\": \"Ask your rector to pray with you and tell him or her that you are exploring the possibility that you are called to ordination as a priest.\\nYou will meet with representatives of the congregation, usually the Vestry (the elected lay leadership of the congregation) if your priest agrees that you may have a vocation. They will help decide whether to present you to your diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry for consideration as a postulant for ordination, which is the next step in the process toward ordination.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet with your bishop and Diocesan Commission on Ministry if you have the support of your parish committee and your rector.\", \"描述\": \"Share your discernment process to date and ask for guidance.\\nYour diocesan bishop and Commission on Ministry will determine whether to approve you as a postulant, the first formal step in the ordination process.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Plan for, and begin, your seminary education.\", \"描述\": \"The Episcopal Church has 9 accredited seminaries that prepare students for the priesthood.\\nYou must apply to, and be accepted by, a seminary, which is a 3-year graduate program leading to a Masters Degree in Divinity.\\nYou may, if your diocese permits, attend a non-Episcopal seminary. You will need to complete additional studies or training in the Anglican tradition.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Continue to work and pray with your bishop, Commission on Ministry and home parish during your seminary studies.\", \"描述\": \"Postulants write Ember Day letters 4 times during the year to their bishops. Ember Day letters are written during the week of the third Sunday in Advent, the week after the first Sunday in Lent, the week beginning with Pentecost, and the week after the first Sunday following Holy Cross Day. Ember Days are traditionally special days of prayer and fasting for those preparing for ordination. Ember Day letters report to the bishop on your reflections during this phase of your spiritual journey.\\nYou will also continue during seminary to meet with your bishop and other diocesan representatives as prescribed by the regulations of your diocese.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply to your bishop, Commission on Ministry and Standing Committee to move forward in the process and be considered a candidate for ordination.\", \"描述\": \"You will usually be a candidate for at least 6 months before applying for ordination as a deacon.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the General Ordination Exam (GOE), usually during your final year of seminary.\", \"描述\": \"All candidates for ordination must take and pass the GOE.\\nThe exam consists of in depth essay questions, given over 5 days. Candidates are given 3 hours for each essay.\\nThe GOE covers the 7 canonical areas of the Holy Scriptures, Church History, Christian Theology, Christian Ethics, Contemporary Society, Liturgics and Music and Theory and Practice of Ministry.\\nA new exam is developed each year by the General Board of Examiners of the church.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply for ordination as a deacon.\", \"描述\": \"You will serve as a deacon for at least 6 months before being ordained a priest.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Apply for ordination to the priesthood.\", \"描述\": \"You may be ordained to the priesthood upon the approval of the Commission on Ministry, the Standing Committee and the bishop .\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You may complete seminary before beginning the ordination process. Some people attend seminary intending to pursue an academic or counseling career, for example, but find themselves called to explore a vocation to ordained ministry. In this case, the process from aspirant to ordination may take as little as 18 months.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,993 |
How to Become an Escrow Officer
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1. Learning Necessary Skills
1-1. Talk to working escrow officers.
If you're interested in becoming an escrow officer, working escrow officers can be your greatest source of information. Arrange informational interviews with several escrow officers near you.
Call title insurance companies in your area and ask if anyone would be interested in talking to you about becoming an escrow officer.
Emphasize that you're not asking for a job, only looking for information on how to become an escrow officer.
When you have your interview, dress presentably in professional clothing. Ask the escrow officer questions such as how they decided to become an escrow officer, what education they have, and what they enjoy about their work.
You also may want to ask what aspects of their work they find challenging, and if there's anything they wish they'd done differently.
1-2. Acquire the appropriate education.
Generally, no higher education is required to become an escrow officer. However, a bachelor's degree or two-year associate's degree in a related field such as business or accounting can be an asset.
If you're already in college, speak with your academic advisor about your goals. They may be able to recommend particular courses you should take to prepare you for the real estate field.
Typically you can get an associate's degree relatively inexpensively by going to a local community college.
These schools are willing to work around your schedule, even if you work full-time, by offering classes in the evenings and online.
1-3. Work in a related office.
Many states require you to work in the field for at least a year before you can start the licensing process. An entry-level position in a title insurance or real estate attorney's office also gives you on-the-job training in your chosen field.
Some states require you to work for a specific period of time, while others require you to have worked for a set number of hours. Keep that in mind if you've got a part-time job at a title insurance office or real estate attorney's office.
You'll also want to make sure that the work you're doing is something that qualifies under your state's insurance law as relevant experience.
If you're unsure, explain to your employer (or potential employer) that you want to become an escrow officer, and ask if the job you have meets the state licensing qualifications.
There may be an affidavit or other form that must be completed by your employer to verify that you have the required work experience.
If the form is called an affidavit, this generally means it must be signed by your employer in the presence of a notary public.
1-4. Complete a classroom course.
Some states require you to complete a specific state-provided licensing course before you are eligible to take the state's licensing exam. This course covers your state's insurance law and the duties of an escrow officer.
Most states offer a licensing exam preparation course that you should consider taking even if it isn't required.
An exam preparation course will help you understand the licensing requirements and the types of questions that will be asked on the exam so you can focus your studies.
If your state requires a classroom course before you're eligible to sit for the exam, that course may not specifically be an "exam prep" course. However, it will teach you aspects of your state's title insurance law that will be on the licensing exam.
Some states such as Florida allow you to sit for the licensing exam after having taken the classroom course, even if you don't have any relevant work experience.
1-5. Take your state's licensing exam.
Most states have an exam that you must take and pass with a specific minimum score before you can apply for a license to work as an escrow officer. You can find out about your state's licensing exam by contacting your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.
Once you've passed your exam, you'll receive information on what you need to do to apply for a license.
In some states, you must get a title underwriter to sponsor your application. The requirements for this will be set forth by your state's insurance board.
If you need a sponsor, you'll take the certificate you received after passing the licensing exam to title insurance companies in your area and ask if they are willing to sponsor your application.
Typically you'll get a title insurance company where you've worked, or where you plan to work once licensed, to sponsor you.
If you fail the exam, you'll get information on how to retake the exam along with your score report. In some states you must wait at least 30 days after you've failed an exam to take it again.
2. Getting Licensed
2-1. Meet the basic eligibility requirements.
Typically, you must be at least 18 years old and a legal resident of the state to become an escrow officer in that state. Some states may have additional requirements you must meet to be eligible for a license.
States typically don't require escrow officers to have any particular education apart from a high school diploma. However, you may be required to complete courses offered by the state.
In most states you can be located anywhere in the state. There may be additional residency requirements, however, such as the requirement that you've been a state resident for at least six months.
If you previously were licensed in another state, the requirements may be different for you. However, typically you still must take the licensing exam and complete a new application to be licensed in your new state.
2-2. Complete your application.
In most states, you can find an application online that you can fill out to get a license to work in that state as an escrow officer. If you can't find it online, you may have to make a trip to a local office of your state insurance board or other regulatory authority to get a paper application.
The application typically requires basic background and contact information, as well as details of any work experience, education, or certifications you have that are relevant to your application.
You must attach a copy of the certificate you received showing that you passed the licensing exam.
You also must include any employer statements or affidavits related to your work experience.
2-3. Get fingerprinted.
Some states require all title insurance license holders to be fingerprinted. Your state's insurance board will have details on whether you must be fingerprinted and what type of fingerprints are required.
Fingerprints typically are necessary so the state can run a criminal background check on you. Check with your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority to make sure you're getting the fingerprints according to their procedures.
Your fingerprints must be recent. For example, if you had them taken in anticipation of submitting your application, then didn't pass your license examination and had to retake it, you may need to get your fingerprints taken again.
For this reason, it's a good idea not to get fingerprinted until you have passed the licensing exam, completed all other requirements, and are ready to submit your application.
Expect to pay a fee of around $50 for your fingerprints.
2-4. Submit your application packet.
Once you have all application materials required by your state, send it along with your application fee to your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority. The correct address typically will be noted on your application form.
You must pay a fee to apply for a license. The amount of this fee varies greatly among states, but typically is under $100.
Make copies of every document you're sending to the state to apply for your license before you mail them, so you have them for your own records.
Keep in mind that even if you're able to fill out and submit your application online, you still may have to mail in particular paper documents. Note any deadlines carefully.
2-5. Receive your license.
The state will evaluate your application. Assuming everything is complete and correct, and you meet all eligibility requirements, you should receive your license in the mail within a few weeks.
You cannot work as an escrow officer until you've received your license in the mail. Even if you've submitted your application, you still must wait until you have your license.
Some states may allow you to check the status of your license application online. Typically you set up a profile with the state insurance division or department. Then you can log in and check your status and other information related to your license validity.
When you receive your license, make a couple of copies of it for your records. Keep the original in a safe place so it won't be lost or damaged.
If you're working at a title insurance company, you may be legally required to display your original license in your office.
3. Keeping Your License
3-1. Take continuing education (CE) courses.
Most states require license holders to complete a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to keep their license in good standing. Check with your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.
Keep in mind that you can't just take any classes – they must be approved by your state board for CE credit.
Some states allow you to take correspondence or online courses. If you go this route, you typically must take and pass an end-of-course exam related to the content of the course you took.
Tuition for CE classes can be expensive. Depending on the number of hours your state requires, you may end up spending several hundred dollars a year to maintain your license.
Your state may offer courses for free at certain times of the year. Sign up for CE course notices so you can meet the CE hour requirements and still stay within your budget.
3-2. Maintain errors and omissions (E&O) insurance.
E&O insurance is a type of professional liability insurance that covers you in the event that you make a mistake in a financial transaction that results in a loss to a client. Some states require escrow officers to have at least a minimum amount of E&O insurance coverage.
Even if your state does not require E&O insurance coverage, these policies are a good idea to protect yourself and your business from liability if something happens with one of your transactions and you end up getting sued over it.
Some states that don't require E&O insurance require you to post a bond. The amount varies depending on your license. For example, in the state of Texas you must post a $10,000 bond if you are a title agent. However, if you are an escrow officer, the required bond is only $5,000.
Keep in mind that some states do not differentiate among these licenses. To be an escrow officer in those states, you must be licensed as a title agent.
3-3. Submit financial statements.
As an escrow officer, you hold other people's money during real estate closings. Some states require you to provide quarterly or yearly financial statements to the state insurance board or other regulatory authority.
Other states require you to submit certificates of good standing regarding your escrow accounts, or to submit to quarterly or yearly audits.
You will learn your state's specific requirements when you apply for your license, and there may be questions about this on your licensing exam.
3-4. Renew your license when necessary.
A license to be an escrow officer or title insurance agent does not last a lifetime. Rather, it must be renewed periodically if you want to continue to work. Most states require you to renew your license every year or every two years.
If your state has online access to your license account, you typically have the ability to renew your license online.
Provided you've met all the maintenance requirements, renewing is as simple as paying an annual licensing fee.
Make sure you complete your application for renewal well in advance of the expiration date. It is illegal to continue to work on an expired license, even if you've already sent in your renewal application and are waiting for the state to process it.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning Necessary Skills\\n1-1. Talk to working escrow officers.\\nIf you're interested in becoming an escrow officer, working escrow officers can be your greatest source of information. Arrange informational interviews with several escrow officers near you.\\nCall title insurance companies in your area and ask if anyone would be interested in talking to you about becoming an escrow officer.\\nEmphasize that you're not asking for a job, only looking for information on how to become an escrow officer.\\nWhen you have your interview, dress presentably in professional clothing. Ask the escrow officer questions such as how they decided to become an escrow officer, what education they have, and what they enjoy about their work.\\nYou also may want to ask what aspects of their work they find challenging, and if there's anything they wish they'd done differently.\\n1-2. Acquire the appropriate education.\\nGenerally, no higher education is required to become an escrow officer. However, a bachelor's degree or two-year associate's degree in a related field such as business or accounting can be an asset.\\nIf you're already in college, speak with your academic advisor about your goals. They may be able to recommend particular courses you should take to prepare you for the real estate field.\\nTypically you can get an associate's degree relatively inexpensively by going to a local community college.\\nThese schools are willing to work around your schedule, even if you work full-time, by offering classes in the evenings and online.\\n1-3. Work in a related office.\\nMany states require you to work in the field for at least a year before you can start the licensing process. An entry-level position in a title insurance or real estate attorney's office also gives you on-the-job training in your chosen field.\\nSome states require you to work for a specific period of time, while others require you to have worked for a set number of hours. Keep that in mind if you've got a part-time job at a title insurance office or real estate attorney's office.\\nYou'll also want to make sure that the work you're doing is something that qualifies under your state's insurance law as relevant experience.\\nIf you're unsure, explain to your employer (or potential employer) that you want to become an escrow officer, and ask if the job you have meets the state licensing qualifications.\\nThere may be an affidavit or other form that must be completed by your employer to verify that you have the required work experience.\\nIf the form is called an affidavit, this generally means it must be signed by your employer in the presence of a notary public.\\n1-4. Complete a classroom course.\\nSome states require you to complete a specific state-provided licensing course before you are eligible to take the state's licensing exam. This course covers your state's insurance law and the duties of an escrow officer.\\nMost states offer a licensing exam preparation course that you should consider taking even if it isn't required.\\nAn exam preparation course will help you understand the licensing requirements and the types of questions that will be asked on the exam so you can focus your studies.\\nIf your state requires a classroom course before you're eligible to sit for the exam, that course may not specifically be an \\\"exam prep\\\" course. However, it will teach you aspects of your state's title insurance law that will be on the licensing exam.\\nSome states such as Florida allow you to sit for the licensing exam after having taken the classroom course, even if you don't have any relevant work experience.\\n1-5. Take your state's licensing exam.\\nMost states have an exam that you must take and pass with a specific minimum score before you can apply for a license to work as an escrow officer. You can find out about your state's licensing exam by contacting your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nOnce you've passed your exam, you'll receive information on what you need to do to apply for a license.\\nIn some states, you must get a title underwriter to sponsor your application. The requirements for this will be set forth by your state's insurance board.\\nIf you need a sponsor, you'll take the certificate you received after passing the licensing exam to title insurance companies in your area and ask if they are willing to sponsor your application.\\nTypically you'll get a title insurance company where you've worked, or where you plan to work once licensed, to sponsor you.\\nIf you fail the exam, you'll get information on how to retake the exam along with your score report. In some states you must wait at least 30 days after you've failed an exam to take it again.\\n2. Getting Licensed\\n2-1. Meet the basic eligibility requirements.\\nTypically, you must be at least 18 years old and a legal resident of the state to become an escrow officer in that state. Some states may have additional requirements you must meet to be eligible for a license.\\nStates typically don't require escrow officers to have any particular education apart from a high school diploma. However, you may be required to complete courses offered by the state.\\nIn most states you can be located anywhere in the state. There may be additional residency requirements, however, such as the requirement that you've been a state resident for at least six months.\\nIf you previously were licensed in another state, the requirements may be different for you. However, typically you still must take the licensing exam and complete a new application to be licensed in your new state.\\n2-2. Complete your application.\\nIn most states, you can find an application online that you can fill out to get a license to work in that state as an escrow officer. If you can't find it online, you may have to make a trip to a local office of your state insurance board or other regulatory authority to get a paper application.\\nThe application typically requires basic background and contact information, as well as details of any work experience, education, or certifications you have that are relevant to your application.\\nYou must attach a copy of the certificate you received showing that you passed the licensing exam.\\nYou also must include any employer statements or affidavits related to your work experience.\\n2-3. Get fingerprinted.\\nSome states require all title insurance license holders to be fingerprinted. Your state's insurance board will have details on whether you must be fingerprinted and what type of fingerprints are required.\\nFingerprints typically are necessary so the state can run a criminal background check on you. Check with your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority to make sure you're getting the fingerprints according to their procedures.\\nYour fingerprints must be recent. For example, if you had them taken in anticipation of submitting your application, then didn't pass your license examination and had to retake it, you may need to get your fingerprints taken again.\\nFor this reason, it's a good idea not to get fingerprinted until you have passed the licensing exam, completed all other requirements, and are ready to submit your application.\\nExpect to pay a fee of around $50 for your fingerprints.\\n2-4. Submit your application packet.\\nOnce you have all application materials required by your state, send it along with your application fee to your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority. The correct address typically will be noted on your application form.\\nYou must pay a fee to apply for a license. The amount of this fee varies greatly among states, but typically is under $100.\\nMake copies of every document you're sending to the state to apply for your license before you mail them, so you have them for your own records.\\nKeep in mind that even if you're able to fill out and submit your application online, you still may have to mail in particular paper documents. Note any deadlines carefully.\\n2-5. Receive your license.\\nThe state will evaluate your application. Assuming everything is complete and correct, and you meet all eligibility requirements, you should receive your license in the mail within a few weeks.\\nYou cannot work as an escrow officer until you've received your license in the mail. Even if you've submitted your application, you still must wait until you have your license.\\nSome states may allow you to check the status of your license application online. Typically you set up a profile with the state insurance division or department. Then you can log in and check your status and other information related to your license validity.\\nWhen you receive your license, make a couple of copies of it for your records. Keep the original in a safe place so it won't be lost or damaged.\\nIf you're working at a title insurance company, you may be legally required to display your original license in your office.\\n3. Keeping Your License\\n3-1. Take continuing education (CE) courses.\\nMost states require license holders to complete a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to keep their license in good standing. Check with your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nKeep in mind that you can't just take any classes – they must be approved by your state board for CE credit.\\nSome states allow you to take correspondence or online courses. If you go this route, you typically must take and pass an end-of-course exam related to the content of the course you took.\\nTuition for CE classes can be expensive. Depending on the number of hours your state requires, you may end up spending several hundred dollars a year to maintain your license.\\nYour state may offer courses for free at certain times of the year. Sign up for CE course notices so you can meet the CE hour requirements and still stay within your budget.\\n3-2. Maintain errors and omissions (E&O) insurance.\\nE&O insurance is a type of professional liability insurance that covers you in the event that you make a mistake in a financial transaction that results in a loss to a client. Some states require escrow officers to have at least a minimum amount of E&O insurance coverage.\\nEven if your state does not require E&O insurance coverage, these policies are a good idea to protect yourself and your business from liability if something happens with one of your transactions and you end up getting sued over it.\\nSome states that don't require E&O insurance require you to post a bond. The amount varies depending on your license. For example, in the state of Texas you must post a $10,000 bond if you are a title agent. However, if you are an escrow officer, the required bond is only $5,000.\\nKeep in mind that some states do not differentiate among these licenses. To be an escrow officer in those states, you must be licensed as a title agent.\\n3-3. Submit financial statements.\\nAs an escrow officer, you hold other people's money during real estate closings. Some states require you to provide quarterly or yearly financial statements to the state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nOther states require you to submit certificates of good standing regarding your escrow accounts, or to submit to quarterly or yearly audits.\\nYou will learn your state's specific requirements when you apply for your license, and there may be questions about this on your licensing exam.\\n3-4. Renew your license when necessary.\\nA license to be an escrow officer or title insurance agent does not last a lifetime. Rather, it must be renewed periodically if you want to continue to work. Most states require you to renew your license every year or every two years.\\nIf your state has online access to your license account, you typically have the ability to renew your license online.\\nProvided you've met all the maintenance requirements, renewing is as simple as paying an annual licensing fee.\\nMake sure you complete your application for renewal well in advance of the expiration date. It is illegal to continue to work on an expired license, even if you've already sent in your renewal application and are waiting for the state to process it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Escrow officers are known as title closing agents or title insurance agents in some states. Although the specific title may differ, the duties are essentially the same. An escrow officer holds money involved in a real estate transaction until the sale is completed. To become an escrow officer, you must demonstrate knowledge of your state's title insurance law and the skills necessary to fulfill that role. Typically you also must apply for a license with your state.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning Necessary Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to working escrow officers.\", \"描述\": \"If you're interested in becoming an escrow officer, working escrow officers can be your greatest source of information. Arrange informational interviews with several escrow officers near you.\\nCall title insurance companies in your area and ask if anyone would be interested in talking to you about becoming an escrow officer.\\nEmphasize that you're not asking for a job, only looking for information on how to become an escrow officer.\\nWhen you have your interview, dress presentably in professional clothing. Ask the escrow officer questions such as how they decided to become an escrow officer, what education they have, and what they enjoy about their work.\\nYou also may want to ask what aspects of their work they find challenging, and if there's anything they wish they'd done differently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acquire the appropriate education.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, no higher education is required to become an escrow officer. However, a bachelor's degree or two-year associate's degree in a related field such as business or accounting can be an asset.\\nIf you're already in college, speak with your academic advisor about your goals. They may be able to recommend particular courses you should take to prepare you for the real estate field.\\nTypically you can get an associate's degree relatively inexpensively by going to a local community college.\\nThese schools are willing to work around your schedule, even if you work full-time, by offering classes in the evenings and online.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work in a related office.\", \"描述\": \"Many states require you to work in the field for at least a year before you can start the licensing process. An entry-level position in a title insurance or real estate attorney's office also gives you on-the-job training in your chosen field.\\nSome states require you to work for a specific period of time, while others require you to have worked for a set number of hours. Keep that in mind if you've got a part-time job at a title insurance office or real estate attorney's office.\\nYou'll also want to make sure that the work you're doing is something that qualifies under your state's insurance law as relevant experience.\\nIf you're unsure, explain to your employer (or potential employer) that you want to become an escrow officer, and ask if the job you have meets the state licensing qualifications.\\nThere may be an affidavit or other form that must be completed by your employer to verify that you have the required work experience.\\nIf the form is called an affidavit, this generally means it must be signed by your employer in the presence of a notary public.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a classroom course.\", \"描述\": \"Some states require you to complete a specific state-provided licensing course before you are eligible to take the state's licensing exam. This course covers your state's insurance law and the duties of an escrow officer.\\nMost states offer a licensing exam preparation course that you should consider taking even if it isn't required.\\nAn exam preparation course will help you understand the licensing requirements and the types of questions that will be asked on the exam so you can focus your studies.\\nIf your state requires a classroom course before you're eligible to sit for the exam, that course may not specifically be an \\\"exam prep\\\" course. However, it will teach you aspects of your state's title insurance law that will be on the licensing exam.\\nSome states such as Florida allow you to sit for the licensing exam after having taken the classroom course, even if you don't have any relevant work experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take your state's licensing exam.\", \"描述\": \"Most states have an exam that you must take and pass with a specific minimum score before you can apply for a license to work as an escrow officer. You can find out about your state's licensing exam by contacting your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nOnce you've passed your exam, you'll receive information on what you need to do to apply for a license.\\nIn some states, you must get a title underwriter to sponsor your application. The requirements for this will be set forth by your state's insurance board.\\nIf you need a sponsor, you'll take the certificate you received after passing the licensing exam to title insurance companies in your area and ask if they are willing to sponsor your application.\\nTypically you'll get a title insurance company where you've worked, or where you plan to work once licensed, to sponsor you.\\nIf you fail the exam, you'll get information on how to retake the exam along with your score report. In some states you must wait at least 30 days after you've failed an exam to take it again.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the basic eligibility requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Typically, you must be at least 18 years old and a legal resident of the state to become an escrow officer in that state. Some states may have additional requirements you must meet to be eligible for a license.\\nStates typically don't require escrow officers to have any particular education apart from a high school diploma. However, you may be required to complete courses offered by the state.\\nIn most states you can be located anywhere in the state. There may be additional residency requirements, however, such as the requirement that you've been a state resident for at least six months.\\nIf you previously were licensed in another state, the requirements may be different for you. However, typically you still must take the licensing exam and complete a new application to be licensed in your new state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete your application.\", \"描述\": \"In most states, you can find an application online that you can fill out to get a license to work in that state as an escrow officer. If you can't find it online, you may have to make a trip to a local office of your state insurance board or other regulatory authority to get a paper application.\\nThe application typically requires basic background and contact information, as well as details of any work experience, education, or certifications you have that are relevant to your application.\\nYou must attach a copy of the certificate you received showing that you passed the licensing exam.\\nYou also must include any employer statements or affidavits related to your work experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get fingerprinted.\", \"描述\": \"Some states require all title insurance license holders to be fingerprinted. Your state's insurance board will have details on whether you must be fingerprinted and what type of fingerprints are required.\\nFingerprints typically are necessary so the state can run a criminal background check on you. Check with your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority to make sure you're getting the fingerprints according to their procedures.\\nYour fingerprints must be recent. For example, if you had them taken in anticipation of submitting your application, then didn't pass your license examination and had to retake it, you may need to get your fingerprints taken again.\\nFor this reason, it's a good idea not to get fingerprinted until you have passed the licensing exam, completed all other requirements, and are ready to submit your application.\\nExpect to pay a fee of around $50 for your fingerprints.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit your application packet.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have all application materials required by your state, send it along with your application fee to your state's insurance board or other regulatory authority. The correct address typically will be noted on your application form.\\nYou must pay a fee to apply for a license. The amount of this fee varies greatly among states, but typically is under $100.\\nMake copies of every document you're sending to the state to apply for your license before you mail them, so you have them for your own records.\\nKeep in mind that even if you're able to fill out and submit your application online, you still may have to mail in particular paper documents. Note any deadlines carefully.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Receive your license.\", \"描述\": \"The state will evaluate your application. Assuming everything is complete and correct, and you meet all eligibility requirements, you should receive your license in the mail within a few weeks.\\nYou cannot work as an escrow officer until you've received your license in the mail. Even if you've submitted your application, you still must wait until you have your license.\\nSome states may allow you to check the status of your license application online. Typically you set up a profile with the state insurance division or department. Then you can log in and check your status and other information related to your license validity.\\nWhen you receive your license, make a couple of copies of it for your records. Keep the original in a safe place so it won't be lost or damaged.\\nIf you're working at a title insurance company, you may be legally required to display your original license in your office.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keeping Your License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take continuing education (CE) courses.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require license holders to complete a certain number of hours of continuing education each year to keep their license in good standing. Check with your state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nKeep in mind that you can't just take any classes – they must be approved by your state board for CE credit.\\nSome states allow you to take correspondence or online courses. If you go this route, you typically must take and pass an end-of-course exam related to the content of the course you took.\\nTuition for CE classes can be expensive. Depending on the number of hours your state requires, you may end up spending several hundred dollars a year to maintain your license.\\nYour state may offer courses for free at certain times of the year. Sign up for CE course notices so you can meet the CE hour requirements and still stay within your budget.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain errors and omissions (E&O) insurance.\", \"描述\": \"E&O insurance is a type of professional liability insurance that covers you in the event that you make a mistake in a financial transaction that results in a loss to a client. Some states require escrow officers to have at least a minimum amount of E&O insurance coverage.\\nEven if your state does not require E&O insurance coverage, these policies are a good idea to protect yourself and your business from liability if something happens with one of your transactions and you end up getting sued over it.\\nSome states that don't require E&O insurance require you to post a bond. The amount varies depending on your license. For example, in the state of Texas you must post a $10,000 bond if you are a title agent. However, if you are an escrow officer, the required bond is only $5,000.\\nKeep in mind that some states do not differentiate among these licenses. To be an escrow officer in those states, you must be licensed as a title agent.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Submit financial statements.\", \"描述\": \"As an escrow officer, you hold other people's money during real estate closings. Some states require you to provide quarterly or yearly financial statements to the state insurance board or other regulatory authority.\\nOther states require you to submit certificates of good standing regarding your escrow accounts, or to submit to quarterly or yearly audits.\\nYou will learn your state's specific requirements when you apply for your license, and there may be questions about this on your licensing exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Renew your license when necessary.\", \"描述\": \"A license to be an escrow officer or title insurance agent does not last a lifetime. Rather, it must be renewed periodically if you want to continue to work. Most states require you to renew your license every year or every two years.\\nIf your state has online access to your license account, you typically have the ability to renew your license online.\\nProvided you've met all the maintenance requirements, renewing is as simple as paying an annual licensing fee.\\nMake sure you complete your application for renewal well in advance of the expiration date. It is illegal to continue to work on an expired license, even if you've already sent in your renewal application and are waiting for the state to process it.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,994 |
How to Become an Estate Attorney
|
1. Getting the Necessary Education
1-1. Understand the skills needed to be an estate lawyer.
The primary focus of estate lawyers is to prepare and review legal documents for an estate, negotiate any terms or conditions, and facilitate the transfer of titles within an estate. A person's estate is their net worth at any given time. A person's net worth consists of the person's assets (property, legal rights, interest) minus their liabilities. Your role as an estate lawyer is to help you client plan for the disposal of their estate as well as any wills, trusts, or power of attorney agreements. You will need to help your clients draft their wills, trusts, and any other estate planning documents.
A good estate lawyer will have strong analytical and verbal/written skills, as well as a broad understanding of the law and good communication skills. You will need to collaborate with financial managers and insurance specialists, so if you have financial knowledge like how to manage a balance sheet, you can better assist your clients with estate planning. Staying up to date with ever changing tax laws will also help you better serve your clients. You may also have to handle multiple cases, documents, and clients at a time so you should have good time management and organizational skills.
Many estate lawyers work long hours as they must serve the various needs of their clients. The average salary for an estate lawyer is $65,000 - $70,000. However, your salary depends on how much you charge your client per hour and your job experience. If you work at a large firm or become a partner at a large firm, your pay could increase. If you are self-employed and working in estate planning, you may have a higher earning potential of around $95,000. You can also work for a foundation or trust, which could lead to a higher median income of $91,000 per year.
1-2. Apply to law school.
You will need to complete a bachelor's degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university before you attend law school. Most pre-law students obtain bachelor's degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.
It is important to keep your GPA high (preferably 3.5 and above) to be a competitive applicant.
It is also wise to build strong positive relationships with your professors so you can ask them for letters of recommendation to include with your law school applications.
The Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is the most important part of your application. You should study to score well on the exam to increase your chances of acceptance.
1-3. Attend law school and pass your state's bar exam.
You will need to attend law school and earn your Juris Doctor degree. If possible, attend a law school that offers an estate attorney clinical program.You will then need to pass your state's bar exam to practice law in your state. Most state bar exams require extensive knowledge of the legal system, with written examinations covering both the law and ethics.
During your law degree in estate law, you will likely take classes on asset management, estate planning, family law, taxation, real estate law, and trusts.
Your law school may also offer certificates or masters of law degrees (LLM) in estate planning or taxation. These certificates will require an additional one to two years of coursework, but they will give you extensive knowledge in estate planning and taxation.
Most estate lawyers learn advanced estate planning knowledge through mentorships, internships, and on the job experience.
1-4. Become well versed in the Uniform Probate Code.
The Uniform Probate Code imposes rules and limits on wills, trusts, and other legal documents of an estate. All 50 states in the United States have adopted laws that govern many of the key aspects of estate planning and probate. As an estate lawyer, you will be involved in many probate processes for clients and should have extensive knowledge of the Uniform Probate Code in your state. The probate laws in your state will guide you on specific estate related matters, such as the creation of trusts and the legal validity of wills.
The first step in the legal process of administering a person's estate is the receipt of probate. The probate process is the legal process of transferring property in the event of a person's death. As an estate lawyer, you will represent your client in probate court to facilitate the approval of your client's will. Once the probated will is recognized as a legal document, it can be enforced and carried out.
Each state has its own set of probate laws and codes, based on the Uniform Probate Code. Look up the probate laws for your state here.
2. Starting Your Career
2-1. Conduct informational interviews.
Informational interviews are a great way to learn more about your chosen career path from other people's experiences. They are exploratory conversations with people who are in your career field that last about 30 minutes. While some estate attorneys work in large firms that want to provide comprehensive service for their clients, most work in small specialized practices of 5 attorneys or less, leading to different experiences. Getting to know these types of details will help you develop a better sense of what your future career may look like.
2-2. Gain experience through an internship or mentorship.
Internships and mentorships will help to prepare you better for the steep learning curve you'll experience during your early years as an estate attorney. Many law schools have work study programs that can give you hands on experience with the guidance of a mentor who is currently practicing real estate law. You can also look into mentorship programs in your city or state that focus on placing current real estate law students in a temporary position at a firm. An internship or mentorship can also be a great opportunity to network with practicing lawyers and could lead to prospective positions at a firm or company upon graduation.
Speak to your advisor at your law school for more information on possible internships or mentorships during your degree. If you have already graduated from law school and have passed the bar exam, reach out to your former professors or peers for potential internship or mentorship opportunities in your state or area.
2-3. Join a professional association.
Look up an estate law association in your area or a national organization, such as the National Association of Estate Planners and Councils (NAEPC). These associations can provide good opportunities to meet and network with other practicing estate lawyers. It may also lead to potential jobs or contacts that could expand your client base. Many of these professional associations also provide information on the latest developments in estate law and strategies to best serve your clients.
Some associations require a membership fee to join, such as the NAEPC, and some associations are by invitation only, such as the American Association of Trust, Estate, and Elder Law Attorneys (AATEELA). In order to join an invitation only association, you will need to provide professional references, and make a strong contribution to the field of estate law by lecturing, writing, or conducting continuing education courses on estate law.
2-4. Take an estate law specialist course.
If you are looking to expand your current knowledge to make yourself a more desirable candidate in the industry, consider taking an estate law specialist course. Often, to take these courses, you will need five years or more of estate planning experience, recommendations from your colleagues and you will need to pass a comprehensive exam to show you have a certain level of knowledge in estate planning.
These courses can give you a more well rounded resume and strengthen your existing knowledge of estate law.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Necessary Education\\n1-1. Understand the skills needed to be an estate lawyer.\\nThe primary focus of estate lawyers is to prepare and review legal documents for an estate, negotiate any terms or conditions, and facilitate the transfer of titles within an estate. A person's estate is their net worth at any given time. A person's net worth consists of the person's assets (property, legal rights, interest) minus their liabilities. Your role as an estate lawyer is to help you client plan for the disposal of their estate as well as any wills, trusts, or power of attorney agreements. You will need to help your clients draft their wills, trusts, and any other estate planning documents.\\nA good estate lawyer will have strong analytical and verbal/written skills, as well as a broad understanding of the law and good communication skills. You will need to collaborate with financial managers and insurance specialists, so if you have financial knowledge like how to manage a balance sheet, you can better assist your clients with estate planning. Staying up to date with ever changing tax laws will also help you better serve your clients. You may also have to handle multiple cases, documents, and clients at a time so you should have good time management and organizational skills.\\nMany estate lawyers work long hours as they must serve the various needs of their clients. The average salary for an estate lawyer is $65,000 - $70,000. However, your salary depends on how much you charge your client per hour and your job experience. If you work at a large firm or become a partner at a large firm, your pay could increase. If you are self-employed and working in estate planning, you may have a higher earning potential of around $95,000. You can also work for a foundation or trust, which could lead to a higher median income of $91,000 per year.\\n1-2. Apply to law school.\\nYou will need to complete a bachelor's degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university before you attend law school. Most pre-law students obtain bachelor's degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.\\nIt is important to keep your GPA high (preferably 3.5 and above) to be a competitive applicant.\\nIt is also wise to build strong positive relationships with your professors so you can ask them for letters of recommendation to include with your law school applications.\\nThe Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is the most important part of your application. You should study to score well on the exam to increase your chances of acceptance.\\n1-3. Attend law school and pass your state's bar exam.\\nYou will need to attend law school and earn your Juris Doctor degree. If possible, attend a law school that offers an estate attorney clinical program.You will then need to pass your state's bar exam to practice law in your state. Most state bar exams require extensive knowledge of the legal system, with written examinations covering both the law and ethics.\\nDuring your law degree in estate law, you will likely take classes on asset management, estate planning, family law, taxation, real estate law, and trusts.\\nYour law school may also offer certificates or masters of law degrees (LLM) in estate planning or taxation. These certificates will require an additional one to two years of coursework, but they will give you extensive knowledge in estate planning and taxation.\\nMost estate lawyers learn advanced estate planning knowledge through mentorships, internships, and on the job experience.\\n1-4. Become well versed in the Uniform Probate Code.\\nThe Uniform Probate Code imposes rules and limits on wills, trusts, and other legal documents of an estate. All 50 states in the United States have adopted laws that govern many of the key aspects of estate planning and probate. As an estate lawyer, you will be involved in many probate processes for clients and should have extensive knowledge of the Uniform Probate Code in your state. The probate laws in your state will guide you on specific estate related matters, such as the creation of trusts and the legal validity of wills.\\nThe first step in the legal process of administering a person's estate is the receipt of probate. The probate process is the legal process of transferring property in the event of a person's death. As an estate lawyer, you will represent your client in probate court to facilitate the approval of your client's will. Once the probated will is recognized as a legal document, it can be enforced and carried out.\\nEach state has its own set of probate laws and codes, based on the Uniform Probate Code. Look up the probate laws for your state here.\\n2. Starting Your Career\\n2-1. Conduct informational interviews.\\nInformational interviews are a great way to learn more about your chosen career path from other people's experiences. They are exploratory conversations with people who are in your career field that last about 30 minutes. While some estate attorneys work in large firms that want to provide comprehensive service for their clients, most work in small specialized practices of 5 attorneys or less, leading to different experiences. Getting to know these types of details will help you develop a better sense of what your future career may look like.\\n2-2. Gain experience through an internship or mentorship.\\nInternships and mentorships will help to prepare you better for the steep learning curve you'll experience during your early years as an estate attorney. Many law schools have work study programs that can give you hands on experience with the guidance of a mentor who is currently practicing real estate law. You can also look into mentorship programs in your city or state that focus on placing current real estate law students in a temporary position at a firm. An internship or mentorship can also be a great opportunity to network with practicing lawyers and could lead to prospective positions at a firm or company upon graduation.\\nSpeak to your advisor at your law school for more information on possible internships or mentorships during your degree. If you have already graduated from law school and have passed the bar exam, reach out to your former professors or peers for potential internship or mentorship opportunities in your state or area.\\n2-3. Join a professional association.\\nLook up an estate law association in your area or a national organization, such as the National Association of Estate Planners and Councils (NAEPC). These associations can provide good opportunities to meet and network with other practicing estate lawyers. It may also lead to potential jobs or contacts that could expand your client base. Many of these professional associations also provide information on the latest developments in estate law and strategies to best serve your clients.\\nSome associations require a membership fee to join, such as the NAEPC, and some associations are by invitation only, such as the American Association of Trust, Estate, and Elder Law Attorneys (AATEELA). In order to join an invitation only association, you will need to provide professional references, and make a strong contribution to the field of estate law by lecturing, writing, or conducting continuing education courses on estate law.\\n2-4. Take an estate law specialist course.\\nIf you are looking to expand your current knowledge to make yourself a more desirable candidate in the industry, consider taking an estate law specialist course. Often, to take these courses, you will need five years or more of estate planning experience, recommendations from your colleagues and you will need to pass a comprehensive exam to show you have a certain level of knowledge in estate planning.\\nThese courses can give you a more well rounded resume and strengthen your existing knowledge of estate law.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As an estate attorney, also called an estate planning or probate lawyer, you're responsible for assisting your clients in settling their financial affairs before they die. You will also administer clients' estates according to their will and/or their revocable living trust. An estate planning attorney puts best effort to ensure that your property and health care wishes are honored, and that your loved ones are provided for in your absence. Estate law is related to family law and you will often have to work closely with related individuals who are involved in an estate. As an estate lawyer, you will need to help your clients reduce taxes or fees imposed on an estate and you may also help your clients organize their retirement plans, life insurance policies and charitable contributions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Necessary Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the skills needed to be an estate lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"The primary focus of estate lawyers is to prepare and review legal documents for an estate, negotiate any terms or conditions, and facilitate the transfer of titles within an estate. A person's estate is their net worth at any given time. A person's net worth consists of the person's assets (property, legal rights, interest) minus their liabilities. Your role as an estate lawyer is to help you client plan for the disposal of their estate as well as any wills, trusts, or power of attorney agreements. You will need to help your clients draft their wills, trusts, and any other estate planning documents.\\nA good estate lawyer will have strong analytical and verbal/written skills, as well as a broad understanding of the law and good communication skills. You will need to collaborate with financial managers and insurance specialists, so if you have financial knowledge like how to manage a balance sheet, you can better assist your clients with estate planning. Staying up to date with ever changing tax laws will also help you better serve your clients. You may also have to handle multiple cases, documents, and clients at a time so you should have good time management and organizational skills.\\nMany estate lawyers work long hours as they must serve the various needs of their clients. The average salary for an estate lawyer is $65,000 - $70,000. However, your salary depends on how much you charge your client per hour and your job experience. If you work at a large firm or become a partner at a large firm, your pay could increase. If you are self-employed and working in estate planning, you may have a higher earning potential of around $95,000. You can also work for a foundation or trust, which could lead to a higher median income of $91,000 per year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to law school.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to complete a bachelor's degree (4 year degree) from an accredited college or university before you attend law school. Most pre-law students obtain bachelor's degrees in political science, psychology, or sociology.\\nIt is important to keep your GPA high (preferably 3.5 and above) to be a competitive applicant.\\nIt is also wise to build strong positive relationships with your professors so you can ask them for letters of recommendation to include with your law school applications.\\nThe Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is the most important part of your application. You should study to score well on the exam to increase your chances of acceptance.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend law school and pass your state's bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to attend law school and earn your Juris Doctor degree. If possible, attend a law school that offers an estate attorney clinical program.You will then need to pass your state's bar exam to practice law in your state. Most state bar exams require extensive knowledge of the legal system, with written examinations covering both the law and ethics.\\nDuring your law degree in estate law, you will likely take classes on asset management, estate planning, family law, taxation, real estate law, and trusts.\\nYour law school may also offer certificates or masters of law degrees (LLM) in estate planning or taxation. These certificates will require an additional one to two years of coursework, but they will give you extensive knowledge in estate planning and taxation.\\nMost estate lawyers learn advanced estate planning knowledge through mentorships, internships, and on the job experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become well versed in the Uniform Probate Code.\", \"描述\": \"The Uniform Probate Code imposes rules and limits on wills, trusts, and other legal documents of an estate. All 50 states in the United States have adopted laws that govern many of the key aspects of estate planning and probate. As an estate lawyer, you will be involved in many probate processes for clients and should have extensive knowledge of the Uniform Probate Code in your state. The probate laws in your state will guide you on specific estate related matters, such as the creation of trusts and the legal validity of wills.\\nThe first step in the legal process of administering a person's estate is the receipt of probate. The probate process is the legal process of transferring property in the event of a person's death. As an estate lawyer, you will represent your client in probate court to facilitate the approval of your client's will. Once the probated will is recognized as a legal document, it can be enforced and carried out.\\nEach state has its own set of probate laws and codes, based on the Uniform Probate Code. Look up the probate laws for your state here.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conduct informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Informational interviews are a great way to learn more about your chosen career path from other people's experiences. They are exploratory conversations with people who are in your career field that last about 30 minutes. While some estate attorneys work in large firms that want to provide comprehensive service for their clients, most work in small specialized practices of 5 attorneys or less, leading to different experiences. Getting to know these types of details will help you develop a better sense of what your future career may look like.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain experience through an internship or mentorship.\", \"描述\": \"Internships and mentorships will help to prepare you better for the steep learning curve you'll experience during your early years as an estate attorney. Many law schools have work study programs that can give you hands on experience with the guidance of a mentor who is currently practicing real estate law. You can also look into mentorship programs in your city or state that focus on placing current real estate law students in a temporary position at a firm. An internship or mentorship can also be a great opportunity to network with practicing lawyers and could lead to prospective positions at a firm or company upon graduation.\\nSpeak to your advisor at your law school for more information on possible internships or mentorships during your degree. If you have already graduated from law school and have passed the bar exam, reach out to your former professors or peers for potential internship or mentorship opportunities in your state or area.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a professional association.\", \"描述\": \"Look up an estate law association in your area or a national organization, such as the National Association of Estate Planners and Councils (NAEPC). These associations can provide good opportunities to meet and network with other practicing estate lawyers. It may also lead to potential jobs or contacts that could expand your client base. Many of these professional associations also provide information on the latest developments in estate law and strategies to best serve your clients.\\nSome associations require a membership fee to join, such as the NAEPC, and some associations are by invitation only, such as the American Association of Trust, Estate, and Elder Law Attorneys (AATEELA). In order to join an invitation only association, you will need to provide professional references, and make a strong contribution to the field of estate law by lecturing, writing, or conducting continuing education courses on estate law.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take an estate law specialist course.\", \"描述\": \"If you are looking to expand your current knowledge to make yourself a more desirable candidate in the industry, consider taking an estate law specialist course. Often, to take these courses, you will need five years or more of estate planning experience, recommendations from your colleagues and you will need to pass a comprehensive exam to show you have a certain level of knowledge in estate planning.\\nThese courses can give you a more well rounded resume and strengthen your existing knowledge of estate law.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,995 |
How to Become an Excellent Student
|
1. Studying and Learning Efficiently
1-1. Choose a quiet place to study without distractions.
The more time you spend studying, the more you’ll learn and the better grades you’ll earn. But the quality of your study time needs to be efficient, so remove all distractions (cell phones, television, loud/fast-paced music, and talkative friends/family members), to ensure a calm, focused environment.
If you can’t find a quiet place to study, wear noise cancellation headphones (but don’t play any music).
Find time to study when most of your peers are doing something else. For instance, if you finish lunch early, head to the library or any other quiet place that won’t be too crowded.
1-2. Avoid procrastinating and stay positive.
It’s tempting to say, “I’ll do it later,” but often, later never happens. Make a point to study right when you get home or right when the last class lets out. If you have trouble with a particular subject, study that one first and stay positive!
If you are still procrastinating, ask a friend or family member to keep you accountable. You could say something like, “Could you check on me in an hour to make sure I’m still studying?”
Repeat positive affirmations to yourself if you feel like you’re struggling to understand something. For example, you might tell yourself: “I can master these equations!” and/or “I am going to ace this test!”
1-3. Take short breaks from studying.
Your brain needs time to rest and digest information, so plan to take a 10-minute break after each hour. If you get stuck on a certain topic, that’s a good time to take a little break so you can come back refreshed. Set a timer on your phone so a short 10-minute breather doesn’t turn into 30 minutes of procrastination.
1-4. Read ahead and prepare questions for each class.
Find out which chapter your teacher is covering tomorrow and read it before going to class. That way you become familiar with the material and can ask questions to clarify things you don’t understand.
Use a highlighter to draw attention to important information or write your questions on sticky notes.
1-5. Do extra credit to further your understanding of a topic.
If your teacher offers extra credit for doing extra assignments or readings, do them! Even if your grade in a class is 98%, you can still improve your grade and understand the material better.
If you’re struggling to raise a low grade, ask your teacher if there’s anything you can do for extra credit. They’ll be impressed by your dedication!
1-6. Study for quizzes and tests early.
If you have a big test coming up, start studying a few days to a week before the test. Make a study schedule, breaking up your time into sections, and stick to it. Don’t wait until the night before because cramming doesn’t allow your brain time to fully absorb information.
If you play sports or do any extracurricular activities, let your coach or teacher know that you might need to leave early or arrive a little late to make time for your studies. If your attendance is mandatory (like for theatre performances or championship sports games), plan your study time around the event.
Don’t forget to pencil in small breaks to allow your brain some resting time!
1-7. Write small tests and quizzes for yourself.
Take some time to write some problems up, or you could ask someone to write them for you. Just remember, the more you encounter and think about the information, the more likely it is to stick.
For instance, if you’re studying for algebra, have a friend write out some equations for you to solve. Time yourself if you struggle with time management during test-taking.
For Language Arts courses, practicing writing paragraphs using relevant vocabulary words and varied sentence structures. Make it fun by writing a review of your favorite movie or jotting down your opinions on something you’re interested in.
1-8. Read as much as you can to expand your vocabulary.
Reading books that challenge you can expand your vocabulary and comprehension skills, which is useful when a teacher assigns linguistically arduous texts. If you are not already an avid reader, start at your level and work your way up.
Read something you like to get you into it. If you have a friend who likes to read, ask them for recommendations.
Go to your school or local library and ask the librarian for recommendations based on your likes and dislikes in other mediums. For instance, you might say, “I really love superhero and mystery movies, do you have any books that have those kinds of themes?”
1-9. Create mind maps of topics to help you learn new things.
Mind-maps help you make connections between old and new information, giving new facts some context so you remember them better. This practice is especially useful when you need to brainstorm ideas for big projects. To create a mind map, write the topic in the center, add lines that point in different directions, and write your ideas on top of the lines.
Try to come up with as many ideas as you can. If you are stuck, do some research for more information.
Think of this exercise as a form of word or idea association.
2. Being Organized
2-1. Pack your backpack with all your supplies for school before going to bed.
Be prepared for each day by making sure you have everything you need with you. This means you’ll need to take books, folders, pens, pencils, homework, review sheets, highlighters, sticky notes, bookmarks and anything else that helps you stay organized.
Paste a copy of your class schedule somewhere in your house where you’ll see it everyday. Write reminders to bring certain items certain days. That way, you’ll know exactly what class you have and what materials you’ll need.
2-2. Keep a folder for each subject so you can easily pack and find things.
Staying organized in school is extremely important because if you are organized, you are one step ahead in being successful. A good way to start off is to keep a folder for each subject.
This means putting your math papers in your math folder, your Language Arts papers in your Language Arts folder, your science papers in your science folder, and so on.
Use color coding or label your folders and place them into either your desk or backpack neatly. This way, you will have an easier time searching for your folders and will have more time to review what you have learned yesterday.
If you like, you can also place bookmarks in all of your folders to make them easier to be found when you take your folders home.
2-3. Use a weekly planner to write assignments and due dates.
Use a weekly planner or calendar to write down important dates regarding assignments, quizzes, tests, and extracurricular activities. This will help you manage your time better. And checking off each completed task will give you a feeling of accomplishment.
Write down any other reminders (birthdays, special materials for classes, study group dates/times) in the “notes” section of your planner.
2-4. Dedicate a certain area of your room or home for supplies.
Keeping all of your writing utensils, folders, paper, and other necessities in one area will make it easier to locate them. If you don’t have a desk, get one and have a drawer for each group of items.
For example, one drawer can be dedicated to writing utensils, another can hold hole punchers and staplers, and a third can store extra printer paper, journals, and folders.
If you don’t have a desk with drawers, use table-top paper racks, pencil holders, shoe boxes, and/or storage bins to keep like items together.
3. Being Attentive in Class
3-1. Take notes and ask questions to stay engaged in class.
Paying attention in class will help you learn better and may also boost your grade. When a teacher is giving a lesson, take notes, and if you don't understand something, raise your hand and ask questions. Try to take notes in your own words and add your own annotations instead of writing what the teacher says word-for-word.
For example, if the teacher says the definition of “ransack” is “to search through in a way that causes disorder,” you might write: “ransack: to pillage—like a pirate!”
The more questions you ask, the more you’ll know about a certain topic.
Teachers expect you to ask questions and form an impression of you based on how willing you are to do so. In some cases, class participation also counts toward your overall grade.
Concentrate on staying focused. Keep your eyes on the teacher, keep your ears open, and keep taking notes. Sit in the front row if you’re prone to distractions.
3-2. Avoid distractions in class.
Do not distract others and don't be distracted by them. Note the things that cause you to get distracted and try to avoid them. For instance, if you know you’re more likely to daydream in class when you’re hungry, eat a small snack beforehand.
If you see your friends passing notes, don’t engage. Whatever you have to say can wait until after class.
If friends constantly try to distract you, don't be mean! Just tell them you are working and say you will talk later during recess or lunch. They'll understand and may even feel the same way themselves.
3-3. Review your notes when you have free time.
Read over your notes whenever you get the chance to help you remember what you've written. Rewriting your notes can also be helpful if you’re taking exceptionally hard classes, such as legal studies, economics, engineering, sciences, and more.
3-4. Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep.
Sleep deprivation can negatively impact your ability to focus and make you less enthusiastic about learning. Aim to get 7 to 8 hours per night. If you are short on sleep, try to take 20-minute power naps between classes (if your schedule allows).
Avoid looking at your phone or watching television for an hour or two before bedtime. Do something relaxing like reading a book, taking a warm bath, or drawing.
Avoid relying on caffeine to perk you up from a sleepless night. You may feel more energized after lots of coffee or an energy drink, but you won’t be able to focus nearly as well due to underlying sleep deprivation.
3-5. Eat well to feed your body and mind.
Make sure to eat a variety of foods from each group (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats). Snack on whole foods like fresh fruits, vegetables, or nuts to keep you energized between meals.
4. Doing Your Homework
4-1. Do your homework as soon as possible.
Homework may seem like a drag, but it helps you review what you’ve learned that day and prepare for upcoming quizzes and tests. Try to start doing it at school so you can ask the teacher just in case you need help.
If your homework involves hand-written answers, write as legibly as possible using your teacher’s preferred tool (black/blue ink pen or pencil).
Don’t rush it and check over your work when you’re finished.
4-2. Turn in your assignments on time.
Turning in your work before or by the due date is essential for getting good grades. Make a note of due dates on your study schedule so you won’t forget. You can even use colored sticky notes to remind yourself which assignments need to get done first.
Sometimes teachers will deduct points for late assignments, and some won’t accept late work at all! Look at your syllabus to find out the penalty for late work.
4-3. Set homework goals and reward yourself for completing them.
Set realistic goals to finish certain tasks by specific deadlines. Giving yourself an incentive to finish your homework will help motivate you and keep you on task. For instance, tell yourself: “If I finish this packet now I can go play the guitar for 20 minutes before dinner.”
Make sure your goals are reasonable and achievable. For instance, a reasonable goal would be: “I will read the first 20 pages of the text before taking a break and finishing the last 20 pages.” An example of an unrealistic goal is: “I’m going to finish the entire book tonight before I can do anything else.
4-4. Ask a friend or family member to check your work.
Ask someone else to check your homework for clarity and readability. Cheating isn’t okay, so make sure to choose a friend who won’t copy off of your work! And make sure your parent or sibling doesn’t try to redo the work for you. Instead, ask them for specific ways that you can improve. Some things you might ask them to look for are:
Grammatical errors
Legible handwriting
Relevance (i.e., you’ve addressed the questions/topic/prompt)
Depth of understanding (i.e., your work displays that you understand the concepts at hand)
Tips
Different people concentrate better at different times of the day. Try to find the time you concentrate better, even if it means having occasional breaks to refresh your memory.
While studying, don't keep yourself at home the whole day. Instead, take a break 5-15 minute break outside. This will help you focus better when you get back to your studies.
Warnings
Don't freak out if you get a bad grade on a paper. Everyone gets bad grades once in a while; even the high-level students don't achieve good marks for everything. It's not the end of the world, just move on and try your best.
Do not cheat on tests, homework or projects. The consequences can range from failing the assignment to an expulsion.
Stay on top of your grades. If your school has online grades, check them once a week or after big assignments. That way you aren't surprised when you get your progress report, and will know if you forgot to turn something in, if you need to work extra hard to pass the course, or if the grade has been entered incorrectly.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Studying and Learning Efficiently\\n1-1. Choose a quiet place to study without distractions.\\nThe more time you spend studying, the more you’ll learn and the better grades you’ll earn. But the quality of your study time needs to be efficient, so remove all distractions (cell phones, television, loud/fast-paced music, and talkative friends/family members), to ensure a calm, focused environment.\\nIf you can’t find a quiet place to study, wear noise cancellation headphones (but don’t play any music).\\nFind time to study when most of your peers are doing something else. For instance, if you finish lunch early, head to the library or any other quiet place that won’t be too crowded.\\n1-2. Avoid procrastinating and stay positive.\\nIt’s tempting to say, “I’ll do it later,” but often, later never happens. Make a point to study right when you get home or right when the last class lets out. If you have trouble with a particular subject, study that one first and stay positive!\\nIf you are still procrastinating, ask a friend or family member to keep you accountable. You could say something like, “Could you check on me in an hour to make sure I’m still studying?”\\nRepeat positive affirmations to yourself if you feel like you’re struggling to understand something. For example, you might tell yourself: “I can master these equations!” and/or “I am going to ace this test!”\\n1-3. Take short breaks from studying.\\nYour brain needs time to rest and digest information, so plan to take a 10-minute break after each hour. If you get stuck on a certain topic, that’s a good time to take a little break so you can come back refreshed. Set a timer on your phone so a short 10-minute breather doesn’t turn into 30 minutes of procrastination.\\n1-4. Read ahead and prepare questions for each class.\\nFind out which chapter your teacher is covering tomorrow and read it before going to class. That way you become familiar with the material and can ask questions to clarify things you don’t understand.\\nUse a highlighter to draw attention to important information or write your questions on sticky notes.\\n1-5. Do extra credit to further your understanding of a topic.\\nIf your teacher offers extra credit for doing extra assignments or readings, do them! Even if your grade in a class is 98%, you can still improve your grade and understand the material better.\\nIf you’re struggling to raise a low grade, ask your teacher if there’s anything you can do for extra credit. They’ll be impressed by your dedication!\\n1-6. Study for quizzes and tests early.\\nIf you have a big test coming up, start studying a few days to a week before the test. Make a study schedule, breaking up your time into sections, and stick to it. Don’t wait until the night before because cramming doesn’t allow your brain time to fully absorb information.\\nIf you play sports or do any extracurricular activities, let your coach or teacher know that you might need to leave early or arrive a little late to make time for your studies. If your attendance is mandatory (like for theatre performances or championship sports games), plan your study time around the event.\\nDon’t forget to pencil in small breaks to allow your brain some resting time!\\n1-7. Write small tests and quizzes for yourself.\\nTake some time to write some problems up, or you could ask someone to write them for you. Just remember, the more you encounter and think about the information, the more likely it is to stick.\\nFor instance, if you’re studying for algebra, have a friend write out some equations for you to solve. Time yourself if you struggle with time management during test-taking.\\nFor Language Arts courses, practicing writing paragraphs using relevant vocabulary words and varied sentence structures. Make it fun by writing a review of your favorite movie or jotting down your opinions on something you’re interested in.\\n1-8. Read as much as you can to expand your vocabulary.\\nReading books that challenge you can expand your vocabulary and comprehension skills, which is useful when a teacher assigns linguistically arduous texts. If you are not already an avid reader, start at your level and work your way up.\\nRead something you like to get you into it. If you have a friend who likes to read, ask them for recommendations.\\nGo to your school or local library and ask the librarian for recommendations based on your likes and dislikes in other mediums. For instance, you might say, “I really love superhero and mystery movies, do you have any books that have those kinds of themes?”\\n1-9. Create mind maps of topics to help you learn new things.\\nMind-maps help you make connections between old and new information, giving new facts some context so you remember them better. This practice is especially useful when you need to brainstorm ideas for big projects. To create a mind map, write the topic in the center, add lines that point in different directions, and write your ideas on top of the lines.\\nTry to come up with as many ideas as you can. If you are stuck, do some research for more information.\\nThink of this exercise as a form of word or idea association.\\n2. Being Organized\\n2-1. Pack your backpack with all your supplies for school before going to bed.\\nBe prepared for each day by making sure you have everything you need with you. This means you’ll need to take books, folders, pens, pencils, homework, review sheets, highlighters, sticky notes, bookmarks and anything else that helps you stay organized.\\nPaste a copy of your class schedule somewhere in your house where you’ll see it everyday. Write reminders to bring certain items certain days. That way, you’ll know exactly what class you have and what materials you’ll need.\\n2-2. Keep a folder for each subject so you can easily pack and find things.\\nStaying organized in school is extremely important because if you are organized, you are one step ahead in being successful. A good way to start off is to keep a folder for each subject.\\nThis means putting your math papers in your math folder, your Language Arts papers in your Language Arts folder, your science papers in your science folder, and so on.\\nUse color coding or label your folders and place them into either your desk or backpack neatly. This way, you will have an easier time searching for your folders and will have more time to review what you have learned yesterday.\\nIf you like, you can also place bookmarks in all of your folders to make them easier to be found when you take your folders home.\\n2-3. Use a weekly planner to write assignments and due dates.\\nUse a weekly planner or calendar to write down important dates regarding assignments, quizzes, tests, and extracurricular activities. This will help you manage your time better. And checking off each completed task will give you a feeling of accomplishment.\\nWrite down any other reminders (birthdays, special materials for classes, study group dates/times) in the “notes” section of your planner.\\n2-4. Dedicate a certain area of your room or home for supplies.\\nKeeping all of your writing utensils, folders, paper, and other necessities in one area will make it easier to locate them. If you don’t have a desk, get one and have a drawer for each group of items.\\nFor example, one drawer can be dedicated to writing utensils, another can hold hole punchers and staplers, and a third can store extra printer paper, journals, and folders.\\nIf you don’t have a desk with drawers, use table-top paper racks, pencil holders, shoe boxes, and/or storage bins to keep like items together.\\n3. Being Attentive in Class\\n3-1. Take notes and ask questions to stay engaged in class.\\nPaying attention in class will help you learn better and may also boost your grade. When a teacher is giving a lesson, take notes, and if you don't understand something, raise your hand and ask questions. Try to take notes in your own words and add your own annotations instead of writing what the teacher says word-for-word.\\nFor example, if the teacher says the definition of “ransack” is “to search through in a way that causes disorder,” you might write: “ransack: to pillage—like a pirate!”\\nThe more questions you ask, the more you’ll know about a certain topic.\\nTeachers expect you to ask questions and form an impression of you based on how willing you are to do so. In some cases, class participation also counts toward your overall grade.\\nConcentrate on staying focused. Keep your eyes on the teacher, keep your ears open, and keep taking notes. Sit in the front row if you’re prone to distractions.\\n3-2. Avoid distractions in class.\\nDo not distract others and don't be distracted by them. Note the things that cause you to get distracted and try to avoid them. For instance, if you know you’re more likely to daydream in class when you’re hungry, eat a small snack beforehand.\\nIf you see your friends passing notes, don’t engage. Whatever you have to say can wait until after class.\\nIf friends constantly try to distract you, don't be mean! Just tell them you are working and say you will talk later during recess or lunch. They'll understand and may even feel the same way themselves.\\n3-3. Review your notes when you have free time.\\nRead over your notes whenever you get the chance to help you remember what you've written. Rewriting your notes can also be helpful if you’re taking exceptionally hard classes, such as legal studies, economics, engineering, sciences, and more.\\n3-4. Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep.\\nSleep deprivation can negatively impact your ability to focus and make you less enthusiastic about learning. Aim to get 7 to 8 hours per night. If you are short on sleep, try to take 20-minute power naps between classes (if your schedule allows).\\nAvoid looking at your phone or watching television for an hour or two before bedtime. Do something relaxing like reading a book, taking a warm bath, or drawing.\\nAvoid relying on caffeine to perk you up from a sleepless night. You may feel more energized after lots of coffee or an energy drink, but you won’t be able to focus nearly as well due to underlying sleep deprivation.\\n3-5. Eat well to feed your body and mind.\\nMake sure to eat a variety of foods from each group (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats). Snack on whole foods like fresh fruits, vegetables, or nuts to keep you energized between meals.\\n4. Doing Your Homework\\n4-1. Do your homework as soon as possible.\\nHomework may seem like a drag, but it helps you review what you’ve learned that day and prepare for upcoming quizzes and tests. Try to start doing it at school so you can ask the teacher just in case you need help.\\nIf your homework involves hand-written answers, write as legibly as possible using your teacher’s preferred tool (black/blue ink pen or pencil).\\nDon’t rush it and check over your work when you’re finished.\\n4-2. Turn in your assignments on time.\\nTurning in your work before or by the due date is essential for getting good grades. Make a note of due dates on your study schedule so you won’t forget. You can even use colored sticky notes to remind yourself which assignments need to get done first.\\nSometimes teachers will deduct points for late assignments, and some won’t accept late work at all! Look at your syllabus to find out the penalty for late work.\\n4-3. Set homework goals and reward yourself for completing them.\\nSet realistic goals to finish certain tasks by specific deadlines. Giving yourself an incentive to finish your homework will help motivate you and keep you on task. For instance, tell yourself: “If I finish this packet now I can go play the guitar for 20 minutes before dinner.”\\nMake sure your goals are reasonable and achievable. For instance, a reasonable goal would be: “I will read the first 20 pages of the text before taking a break and finishing the last 20 pages.” An example of an unrealistic goal is: “I’m going to finish the entire book tonight before I can do anything else.\\n4-4. Ask a friend or family member to check your work.\\nAsk someone else to check your homework for clarity and readability. Cheating isn’t okay, so make sure to choose a friend who won’t copy off of your work! And make sure your parent or sibling doesn’t try to redo the work for you. Instead, ask them for specific ways that you can improve. Some things you might ask them to look for are:\\nGrammatical errors\\nLegible handwriting\\nRelevance (i.e., you’ve addressed the questions/topic/prompt)\\nDepth of understanding (i.e., your work displays that you understand the concepts at hand)\\nTips\\nDifferent people concentrate better at different times of the day. Try to find the time you concentrate better, even if it means having occasional breaks to refresh your memory.\\nWhile studying, don't keep yourself at home the whole day. Instead, take a break 5-15 minute break outside. This will help you focus better when you get back to your studies.\\nWarnings\\nDon't freak out if you get a bad grade on a paper. Everyone gets bad grades once in a while; even the high-level students don't achieve good marks for everything. It's not the end of the world, just move on and try your best.\\nDo not cheat on tests, homework or projects. The consequences can range from failing the assignment to an expulsion.\\nStay on top of your grades. If your school has online grades, check them once a week or after big assignments. That way you aren't surprised when you get your progress report, and will know if you forgot to turn something in, if you need to work extra hard to pass the course, or if the grade has been entered incorrectly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being an excellent student has more benefits than just getting good grades. In the short term, it will make you a more appealing college candidate and you may even qualify for some hefty scholarships. In the long term, the skills you learn at school will stick with you for the rest of your life, helping you tackle any problem that comes your way.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Studying and Learning Efficiently\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a quiet place to study without distractions.\", \"描述\": \"The more time you spend studying, the more you’ll learn and the better grades you’ll earn. But the quality of your study time needs to be efficient, so remove all distractions (cell phones, television, loud/fast-paced music, and talkative friends/family members), to ensure a calm, focused environment.\\nIf you can’t find a quiet place to study, wear noise cancellation headphones (but don’t play any music).\\nFind time to study when most of your peers are doing something else. For instance, if you finish lunch early, head to the library or any other quiet place that won’t be too crowded.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid procrastinating and stay positive.\", \"描述\": \"It’s tempting to say, “I’ll do it later,” but often, later never happens. Make a point to study right when you get home or right when the last class lets out. If you have trouble with a particular subject, study that one first and stay positive!\\nIf you are still procrastinating, ask a friend or family member to keep you accountable. You could say something like, “Could you check on me in an hour to make sure I’m still studying?”\\nRepeat positive affirmations to yourself if you feel like you’re struggling to understand something. For example, you might tell yourself: “I can master these equations!” and/or “I am going to ace this test!”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take short breaks from studying.\", \"描述\": \"Your brain needs time to rest and digest information, so plan to take a 10-minute break after each hour. If you get stuck on a certain topic, that’s a good time to take a little break so you can come back refreshed. Set a timer on your phone so a short 10-minute breather doesn’t turn into 30 minutes of procrastination.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Read ahead and prepare questions for each class.\", \"描述\": \"Find out which chapter your teacher is covering tomorrow and read it before going to class. That way you become familiar with the material and can ask questions to clarify things you don’t understand.\\nUse a highlighter to draw attention to important information or write your questions on sticky notes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do extra credit to further your understanding of a topic.\", \"描述\": \"If your teacher offers extra credit for doing extra assignments or readings, do them! Even if your grade in a class is 98%, you can still improve your grade and understand the material better.\\nIf you’re struggling to raise a low grade, ask your teacher if there’s anything you can do for extra credit. They’ll be impressed by your dedication!\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Study for quizzes and tests early.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a big test coming up, start studying a few days to a week before the test. Make a study schedule, breaking up your time into sections, and stick to it. Don’t wait until the night before because cramming doesn’t allow your brain time to fully absorb information.\\nIf you play sports or do any extracurricular activities, let your coach or teacher know that you might need to leave early or arrive a little late to make time for your studies. If your attendance is mandatory (like for theatre performances or championship sports games), plan your study time around the event.\\nDon’t forget to pencil in small breaks to allow your brain some resting time!\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Write small tests and quizzes for yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Take some time to write some problems up, or you could ask someone to write them for you. Just remember, the more you encounter and think about the information, the more likely it is to stick.\\nFor instance, if you’re studying for algebra, have a friend write out some equations for you to solve. Time yourself if you struggle with time management during test-taking.\\nFor Language Arts courses, practicing writing paragraphs using relevant vocabulary words and varied sentence structures. Make it fun by writing a review of your favorite movie or jotting down your opinions on something you’re interested in.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Read as much as you can to expand your vocabulary.\", \"描述\": \"Reading books that challenge you can expand your vocabulary and comprehension skills, which is useful when a teacher assigns linguistically arduous texts. If you are not already an avid reader, start at your level and work your way up.\\nRead something you like to get you into it. If you have a friend who likes to read, ask them for recommendations.\\nGo to your school or local library and ask the librarian for recommendations based on your likes and dislikes in other mediums. For instance, you might say, “I really love superhero and mystery movies, do you have any books that have those kinds of themes?”\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Create mind maps of topics to help you learn new things.\", \"描述\": \"Mind-maps help you make connections between old and new information, giving new facts some context so you remember them better. This practice is especially useful when you need to brainstorm ideas for big projects. To create a mind map, write the topic in the center, add lines that point in different directions, and write your ideas on top of the lines.\\nTry to come up with as many ideas as you can. If you are stuck, do some research for more information.\\nThink of this exercise as a form of word or idea association.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Being Organized\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pack your backpack with all your supplies for school before going to bed.\", \"描述\": \"Be prepared for each day by making sure you have everything you need with you. This means you’ll need to take books, folders, pens, pencils, homework, review sheets, highlighters, sticky notes, bookmarks and anything else that helps you stay organized.\\nPaste a copy of your class schedule somewhere in your house where you’ll see it everyday. Write reminders to bring certain items certain days. That way, you’ll know exactly what class you have and what materials you’ll need.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep a folder for each subject so you can easily pack and find things.\", \"描述\": \"Staying organized in school is extremely important because if you are organized, you are one step ahead in being successful. A good way to start off is to keep a folder for each subject.\\nThis means putting your math papers in your math folder, your Language Arts papers in your Language Arts folder, your science papers in your science folder, and so on.\\nUse color coding or label your folders and place them into either your desk or backpack neatly. This way, you will have an easier time searching for your folders and will have more time to review what you have learned yesterday.\\nIf you like, you can also place bookmarks in all of your folders to make them easier to be found when you take your folders home.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a weekly planner to write assignments and due dates.\", \"描述\": \"Use a weekly planner or calendar to write down important dates regarding assignments, quizzes, tests, and extracurricular activities. This will help you manage your time better. And checking off each completed task will give you a feeling of accomplishment.\\nWrite down any other reminders (birthdays, special materials for classes, study group dates/times) in the “notes” section of your planner.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dedicate a certain area of your room or home for supplies.\", \"描述\": \"Keeping all of your writing utensils, folders, paper, and other necessities in one area will make it easier to locate them. If you don’t have a desk, get one and have a drawer for each group of items.\\nFor example, one drawer can be dedicated to writing utensils, another can hold hole punchers and staplers, and a third can store extra printer paper, journals, and folders.\\nIf you don’t have a desk with drawers, use table-top paper racks, pencil holders, shoe boxes, and/or storage bins to keep like items together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Being Attentive in Class\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take notes and ask questions to stay engaged in class.\", \"描述\": \"Paying attention in class will help you learn better and may also boost your grade. When a teacher is giving a lesson, take notes, and if you don't understand something, raise your hand and ask questions. Try to take notes in your own words and add your own annotations instead of writing what the teacher says word-for-word.\\nFor example, if the teacher says the definition of “ransack” is “to search through in a way that causes disorder,” you might write: “ransack: to pillage—like a pirate!”\\nThe more questions you ask, the more you’ll know about a certain topic.\\nTeachers expect you to ask questions and form an impression of you based on how willing you are to do so. In some cases, class participation also counts toward your overall grade.\\nConcentrate on staying focused. Keep your eyes on the teacher, keep your ears open, and keep taking notes. Sit in the front row if you’re prone to distractions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid distractions in class.\", \"描述\": \"Do not distract others and don't be distracted by them. Note the things that cause you to get distracted and try to avoid them. For instance, if you know you’re more likely to daydream in class when you’re hungry, eat a small snack beforehand.\\nIf you see your friends passing notes, don’t engage. Whatever you have to say can wait until after class.\\nIf friends constantly try to distract you, don't be mean! Just tell them you are working and say you will talk later during recess or lunch. They'll understand and may even feel the same way themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review your notes when you have free time.\", \"描述\": \"Read over your notes whenever you get the chance to help you remember what you've written. Rewriting your notes can also be helpful if you’re taking exceptionally hard classes, such as legal studies, economics, engineering, sciences, and more.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Sleep deprivation can negatively impact your ability to focus and make you less enthusiastic about learning. Aim to get 7 to 8 hours per night. If you are short on sleep, try to take 20-minute power naps between classes (if your schedule allows).\\nAvoid looking at your phone or watching television for an hour or two before bedtime. Do something relaxing like reading a book, taking a warm bath, or drawing.\\nAvoid relying on caffeine to perk you up from a sleepless night. You may feel more energized after lots of coffee or an energy drink, but you won’t be able to focus nearly as well due to underlying sleep deprivation.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Eat well to feed your body and mind.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure to eat a variety of foods from each group (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats). Snack on whole foods like fresh fruits, vegetables, or nuts to keep you energized between meals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Doing Your Homework\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do your homework as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Homework may seem like a drag, but it helps you review what you’ve learned that day and prepare for upcoming quizzes and tests. Try to start doing it at school so you can ask the teacher just in case you need help.\\nIf your homework involves hand-written answers, write as legibly as possible using your teacher’s preferred tool (black/blue ink pen or pencil).\\nDon’t rush it and check over your work when you’re finished.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Turn in your assignments on time.\", \"描述\": \"Turning in your work before or by the due date is essential for getting good grades. Make a note of due dates on your study schedule so you won’t forget. You can even use colored sticky notes to remind yourself which assignments need to get done first.\\nSometimes teachers will deduct points for late assignments, and some won’t accept late work at all! Look at your syllabus to find out the penalty for late work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set homework goals and reward yourself for completing them.\", \"描述\": \"Set realistic goals to finish certain tasks by specific deadlines. Giving yourself an incentive to finish your homework will help motivate you and keep you on task. For instance, tell yourself: “If I finish this packet now I can go play the guitar for 20 minutes before dinner.”\\nMake sure your goals are reasonable and achievable. For instance, a reasonable goal would be: “I will read the first 20 pages of the text before taking a break and finishing the last 20 pages.” An example of an unrealistic goal is: “I’m going to finish the entire book tonight before I can do anything else.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask a friend or family member to check your work.\", \"描述\": \"Ask someone else to check your homework for clarity and readability. Cheating isn’t okay, so make sure to choose a friend who won’t copy off of your work! And make sure your parent or sibling doesn’t try to redo the work for you. Instead, ask them for specific ways that you can improve. Some things you might ask them to look for are:\\nGrammatical errors\\nLegible handwriting\\nRelevance (i.e., you’ve addressed the questions/topic/prompt)\\nDepth of understanding (i.e., your work displays that you understand the concepts at hand)\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Different people concentrate better at different times of the day. Try to find the time you concentrate better, even if it means having occasional breaks to refresh your memory.\\n\", \"While studying, don't keep yourself at home the whole day. Instead, take a break 5-15 minute break outside. This will help you focus better when you get back to your studies.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't freak out if you get a bad grade on a paper. Everyone gets bad grades once in a while; even the high-level students don't achieve good marks for everything. It's not the end of the world, just move on and try your best.\\n\", \"Do not cheat on tests, homework or projects. The consequences can range from failing the assignment to an expulsion.\\n\", \"Stay on top of your grades. If your school has online grades, check them once a week or after big assignments. That way you aren't surprised when you get your progress report, and will know if you forgot to turn something in, if you need to work extra hard to pass the course, or if the grade has been entered incorrectly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,996 |
How to Become an Expat
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1. Considering a Move to a Foreign Country
1-1. Follow these steps whether or not you have chosen a destination.
You may already know exactly where you want to move: perhaps you are deciding whether to accept an overseas job, or you have previously visited a country and fallen in love with it. Or you may want more international experiences without having decided on a particular place. Either way, these steps will help you evaluate the possibilities and pitfalls associated with each destination, preparing you for the challenges and excitement ahead.
1-2. Find contacts living abroad.
If you have friends or family in a foreign country, that can make the transition much easier. Try asking your family members or friends who have traveled or hosted foreign guests whether they know anyone in the regions you are considering. Keep in mind
Does your family have a cultural attachment to a certain region? Even if you are not in contact with any family overseas, you may decide to narrow down your options to your ancestors' region of origin to learn more about family history and traditions.
1-3. Decide how important the language barrier is.
Are you up to the difficult and possibly isolating task of living in a country where you don't speak the language? Find out how many people speak English (or another language you understand) in the locations you are considering. Even if you have taken classes in a foreign language, be aware that regional accents, faster everyday conversation, and slang can make it tougher to understand than you expect.
Keep in mind that the language situation may vary within a country. For example, rural areas are more likely to be monolingual than cities.
Take language lessons from a book, recording, or teacher before you leave if possible, or practice your language skills in conversation.
1-4. Think about how often you'll be visiting home.
Some expats live just a train ride away from their home country, while other are on the other side of the globe. If you travel to another continent, realize you'll probably need to pay large sums of money and spend many hours on an airplane in order to visit home. If you are departing from or heading to an area with no airport, that trip could require days or weeks instead. How likely is it that you'll return home for a visit, and what kind of expense in time or money will you be willing to spend for that trip?
1-5. Consider costs of living.
If you are traveling to a city, you may find your destination in the annual Mercer expense ranking. However, you may need to search for online expat forums to get a more detailed understanding of a specific area. The cost of housing, food, electricity, heating, and transportation are all important to know, and one may be more expensive than you're used to even if the others are cheap. Relatively low costs of living may not help you if your new salary is low to match, or if your country's currency is weak.
Always translate costs and wages into the currency you are familiar with and keep your money in. Use an online exchange calculator to get the most up to date information, and to see whether the exchange rate is changing rapidly.
1-6. Learn about climate and culture at the local level.
Consider the weather at your destination carefully before you commit to a long term stay, especially if you enjoy outdoor activities. If you have hobbies or interests, find out how easy it would be to keep them while you're abroad. Geography, city size, crime levels, and ease of contact with the outside world may also influence your decision.
If you wish to use specialized job skills abroad but do not yet have a job, finding a region where your job skills are in demand is especially important. Find an international professional organization if possible to find contacts who have worked abroad in your field, and ask them for advice about relocation.
Reading tourists' guides to individual cities or regions can be a good way to narrow down your search from a country down to the local level, where weather, attractions, and culture can vary greatly.
1-7. Get your family on board.
If you have a family traveling with you, make sure they will be comfortable as well. Are there schools where your children will feel welcome and have their language use accommodated? Are there any concerns your spouse has about his or her own job prospects, comfort, or safety?
Other members of your family can use this same step-by-step guide to identify possible challenges.
1-8. Go on a fact-finding trip.
If you are still not sure where you want to live, and you have the time and money, you could travel to your possible destinations and see firsthand whether you would like to live there. Try to spend at least three or four weeks in each destination to get a more accurate idea of what life there is like. Also consider what standard of living you'd be able to maintain on a permanent basis: a stay in a hotel may not tell you much if you would actually be moving in with a local family. Try to interact with locals and see how they live their lives, and where they spend their time.
2. Finding a Way to Get There
2-1. Investigate study abroad options if you are a student.
This option is only available to students, or possibly to recent graduates. Study abroad programs are among the easiest ways to visit another country long-term, since your lodging will be arranged for you and you will meet people through enrollment in a foreign university. While the visit typically lasts a semester or an academic year, it can give you a thorough introduction to another country, and may teach you more about whether you want to become a permanent expatriate.
Study abroad options may be available through your university, secondary school or high school, or through third-party organizations. Financial aid may also be available. Ask a school counselor for more information.
If you are currently applying to universities, consider applying to foreign universities as well. Make sure they offer classes in a language you speak before applying.
2-2. Learn about programs through the military or government.
If you work for the military or a government institution, your nation may pay you for overseas assignments. If your country's diplomatic office is hiring, you could even enter a new overseas career – but be aware that this requires extensive training.
If you are a member of the U.S. military or a U.S. government employee, find more information through the the United States federal travel website.
2-3. Enroll in a teach abroad program
Most overseas teaching organizations require an undergraduate degree. However, this does not necessarily have to be in education. If you speak English fluently, that alone could make you high-demand without any foreign language experience required. Search for teaching abroad programs online, and ask them which teaching certification they require. Some programs may pay for your certification over the course of a few weeks or months, and then assist you in your travel plans.
2-4. Volunteer in a foreign country
Many humanitarian organizations are constantly on the lookout for volunteers who are willing to travel and assist in all kinds of programs, from building schools to providing medical assistance. Many programs require physical labor and/or travel to dangerous areas, so be sure you know exactly what you are getting into before you apply. It's always a good idea to research this type of program thoroughly, since some of them may not offer the travel assistance or emergency medical help you need.
If you are passionate about an issue, do your research thoroughly to determine how best you can contribute. Ask the volunteer organization questions about its practices: does it support local economies, or does it only use imported labor and materials? What percentage of their funds go to the humanitarian project versus administration and other costs?
2-5. Find a job abroad
If you work for a company with international ties, it's possible you can talk to Human Resources about applying for an overseas position. More commonly, you will need to start a job search from abroad, which can be difficult if you are not in a high-demand field. A contact at your destination who can vouch for you may make a tremendous difference.
2-6. Travel without set plans.
This option is not recommended for families, as there is no guarantee you will find a stable living place or employment in another country. However, if you want to travel for a while rather than settle in one place, this may be the option for you. Be aware that you risk running out of money or getting into dangerous situations. If possible, keep enough money in your bank account to transport yourself back home or to a location where you have friends or family who can support you in case of disaster.
Note that you will most likely have a tourist visa, which could make it illegal for you to work abroad, as well as limit the amount of time you can stay in a country to a few weeks or months (depending on the visa).
3. Planning the Logistics
3-1. Make sure your passport or travel documents are up to date.
For most trips outside of your country, especially long-term or permanent moves, you will need a passport issued by your country of citizenship. Check the expiration date and renew your passport if necessary. Begin the application or renewal process before you make travel plans, as the process may take several weeks or months.
If it is not possible to receive a passport from your country of citizenship, you may need to apply for a non-citizen travel document from the country you reside in. Contact a passport office for more information.
You may wish to renew your passport even if it will be valid on the date of your departure. Many expats return or visit their home country eventually, and it is usually easiest to renew your passport from within the country that issued it.
3-2. Acquire a visa if necessary.
Almost every country requires long-term visitors (and often short-term visitors as well) to apply and pay for a visa, or authorization document. The process involves varies greatly depending on your destination, your country of citizenship, and your purpose for traveling. Research which visa application fits your requirements best online, or contact the nearest embassy of the country you are traveling to.
If your application for a long-term visa is rejected, consider applying for a shorter-term visa instead. Once you are in the country, you may be able to find a job and apply for a work visa.
Research the relevant visa regulations carefully to discover all your options. Some countries may allow you to stay indefinitely as long as you briefly exit the country every once in a while and pay for a new visitor's visa.
3-3. Research health concerns, and vaccinate if necessary.
Research disease and health concerns at your destination. Serious health concerns can be avoided or mitigated by safety practices, often as simple as boiling water before drinking it. Protect yourself from other diseases found at your destination by getting vaccinated before your departure. If you don't have health insurance, look for walk-in clinics in your area that provide vaccination services.
3-4. Understand tax laws.
If you plan to earn money while living overseas, understand how you will be taxed by your country of citizenship and/or your country of residency. You may wish to consult a tax preparer or lawyer for advice, or ask your new employers whether they provide tax assistance for foreign employees.
If you are a citizen of the United States, you could be fined for failing to report a foreign bank account containing $10,000 or more. You must also file tax forms, although you may be able to use this form on the irs website to declare your income un-taxable.
3-5. Seek out additional advice on logistics.
If you know someone in your destination country, or if you can find traveler's advice forums online, have a long conversation about life there and how to prepare for it. If you can't find anyone to talk to in person, research your destination thoroughly from up to date online and printed sources (preferably published no more than five years ago). It is impossible to cover every situation worldwide, but here are a few things to consider before you travel:
How easy is it to get around by public transportation, versus by car? If renting or buying a car is a good idea, will your current driver's license be valid in that country, or will you need to take a test?
Does your bank have branches in your destination country, or a "sister bank" you can access your account from? If you decide to open a new bank account overseas, what documents will you need to do so?
In case of a medical emergency, where can you receive medical treatment from professional doctors? Will you share a language with them, and if not, where can you find an interpreter on short notice?
3-6. Make your travel plans.
Once you've made your decision and have all the logistics worked out, book your travel. Keep in mind that tickets tend to be cheaper the earlier you book them. A return ticket may be a wise investment and back up plan, and may be reasonably priced even compared to one-way tickets. One-way plane tickets can have strange pricing depending on the airline, so use several ticket-finder websites to avoid getting charged four times as much as you should.
4. Dealing with Possessions and Housing
4-1. Keep your old property if possible.
Having a backup plan is a good idea, even if you think you'll be away permanently. Ideally, you could rent out your old house or apartment, and have a family member or friend act as a local property manager on your behalf.
4-2. Find a short-term rental if possible.
Unless you are already familiar with the area you're moving to, it's not a good idea to purchase a property or sign a year-long lease without seeing the building or neighborhood. A much safer plan is to find a location you can rent on a month to month basis while you investigate long term options.
For an even more comfortable transition, although an expensive one, stay in a hotel for the first week or two after you move while you investigate the rental options in person. It is still a good idea to research possibilities beforehand and let the landlords know when you'll make a decision.
4-3. Pack clothes to match the destination.
When packing clothes, consider what the weather is like at your destination, and find out what locals wear if possible. It's a good idea to pack some non-flashy, conservative clothing, since foreign countries may have more formal dress requirements than your own.
If you are moving from an area with mild winters to an area with severe winters, the winter clothing at your destination may be more suitable than what you can purchase in your area. However, if you are traveling in winter, remember to pack one set of winter clothes to wear on arrival.
4-4. Pack a large supply of any medical supplies you require.
Regulations and availability can make acquiring medical supplies difficult in foreign countries. If you have any medical issues that require medicine, emergency inhalers, or other products, pack several months' worth if possible. This gives you a comfortable stretch of time before you have to find another source.
Note that you may be required to pack medicine in a clear plastic bag if traveling by plane, or pack non-vital medicine in your shipped luggage. Exact regulations vary by country.
4-5. Pack a few familiar objects.
Even if you tend to pack light, a long term or permanent move could call for more packing than you're used to. Favorite books in your native language, a sentimental object, or some other reminder of home may make it easier to fight off homesickness.
4-6. Bring enough money to live off for at least a month.
Even if you have a job waiting for you at your new location, have enough money in your bank account to support you for at least a month of meager living. Ideally, save enough money for three or more months by creating a budget, cutting expenses, and cancelling your credit card.
Make sure you have cancelled any recurring bills, or had them redirected to your new address.
4-7. Purchase plug adapters if necessary.
Different countries may have different outlets, and your electric and electronic equipment may not work on them. Find out which outlets are used at your destination and buy several connectors that will fit your gadgets to the foreign outlets.
4-8. Ship only as much as you need.
Get rid of as much stuff as you can, or have friends and family members store your excess possessions. International shipping can be expensive, especially if you are moving overseas. In many cases, it may be cheaper to purchase a new item at your destination.
Pack a few boxes or pieces of furniture that you are unsure about, and store them in a rented storage space or at a friend's. Label them clearly and ask a friend to ship these boxes once you've settled in, if you decide you need the contents of a particular box after all.
5. Adjusting to Life as an Expat
5-1. Understand what culture shock is
When you first arrive in a foreign country, you might feel hypersensitive to every difference. Even something you've never thought about might be called into question, such as the time of day people eat meals, or the tone of voice that is considered polite when talking to a stranger. All of this can cause you to feel extra tired, react irritably in conversation, cry unexpectedly, or even make you feel physically ill. If you're honest about your reaction and do your best to think about and come to terms with these differences, you will have a better chance at recovering quickly.
Culture shock can happen even in a country where people speak your native language. Be prepared for it even if you think you'll be in a similar country to your own.
5-2. Try to understand, not to judge.
Whenever you experience something that makes you feel disgust, anger, or confusion, try to figure out why. Do locals react the same way, and if not, why is this considered more "normal" here? You don't need to throw away your moral compass, but you will be happier if you spend less time judging other people and more time trying to understand their motivations and cultural pressures.
5-3. Learn the language.
If you intend to stay in a country long term, putting in the effort to learn the language of everyday activity is worth it. This can feel slow and painful, even if you've studied the language before, but it is also an exciting opportunity. You are surrounded by fluent speakers, and while language lessons, books, and recordings are still excellent resources, you can also practice your language by going shopping, attending a concert, or introducing yourself to your neighbors.
5-4. Make local friends.
There's only so much you can figure out on your own. Making friends with people who grew up in the area and have lived there many years can help greatly. If you accidentally offend someone, or if you go through a confusing experience, a local friend can explain the situation and teach you how to deal with it in future. Talk openly and honestly once you have gotten to know someone, and he or she will be able to make your transition to this culture smoother.
5-5. Make friends with other foreigners.
Living abroad can be a difficult balance between immersing yourself in a new language and culture, and maintaining your ties with home. Making friends with other expats and visitors can be an excellent way to vent about your frustrations, bond over shared experiences, and reminisce about your times back home. Just be sure to balance this out with time spent among locals as well, or you might find it tempting to stay in an expat "bubble" and stop interacting with the local culture.
5-6. Treat your homesickness
Maintain contact with friends and family back home with regular phone conversations, letters, or emails. Have a few mementos from home, such as goodbye cards or a favorite book, and look at them when you're feeling down. If you can't shake the homesickness, or you are shutting yourself in your room at every opportunity, you may wish to seek counseling, or ask a friend to pull you out of your rut and take you to a hike, dance, or other activity you would enjoy.
5-7. Ask for care packages from home.
If you have family or friends back home, ask them to ship you snacks, a new book that just came out in your country, or other treats you aren't able to purchase in your adopted country. If you do not, order yourself these treats online, saving up for international shipping if you need to. These can be a great way to cheer up after feeling homesick or overwhelmed.
5-8. Acquire a daily routine.
Ideally, this routine should include exercise, sleep, and an adequate, healthy diet, but while most of us know this reduces stress, it isn't always easy to follow a rigorous plan like this. Finding a stable habit you can return to each day can be enough to make a difference, even if it's as simple as eating the same, comforting breakfast or walking through a park after your workday.
5-9. Realize it's okay to be upset.
After fighting homesickness, dealing with culture shock, or grappling with bureaucracies to get your visa renewed, it's understandable to feel strong emotions. You will probably feel intense anger or sadness at different points in your life abroad. You might feel that you hate your adopted country or regret traveling, but in most situations, these feeling will pass. If they don't, and you end up bitter or sad on a daily basis, it may be time to move back home.
Tips
If you are a citizen of multiple countries, consider applying for a passport from each of them. Depending on where you end up traveling, you may find that customs officers and bureaucracies treat you differently when you show them different passports.
Warnings
Be aware that each country has its own laws and regulations. Don't let ignorance ruin your life. Strive at all times to be a 'good will ambassador' of your country of origin.
Don't burn bridges with the people you leave behind. You may find you need contacts back home to support you, even if that seems ridiculous now.
Avoid regions neighboring areas of open conflict. War zones or areas of severe crime can spread across national borders.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Considering a Move to a Foreign Country\\n1-1. Follow these steps whether or not you have chosen a destination.\\nYou may already know exactly where you want to move: perhaps you are deciding whether to accept an overseas job, or you have previously visited a country and fallen in love with it. Or you may want more international experiences without having decided on a particular place. Either way, these steps will help you evaluate the possibilities and pitfalls associated with each destination, preparing you for the challenges and excitement ahead.\\n1-2. Find contacts living abroad.\\nIf you have friends or family in a foreign country, that can make the transition much easier. Try asking your family members or friends who have traveled or hosted foreign guests whether they know anyone in the regions you are considering. Keep in mind\\nDoes your family have a cultural attachment to a certain region? Even if you are not in contact with any family overseas, you may decide to narrow down your options to your ancestors' region of origin to learn more about family history and traditions.\\n1-3. Decide how important the language barrier is.\\nAre you up to the difficult and possibly isolating task of living in a country where you don't speak the language? Find out how many people speak English (or another language you understand) in the locations you are considering. Even if you have taken classes in a foreign language, be aware that regional accents, faster everyday conversation, and slang can make it tougher to understand than you expect.\\nKeep in mind that the language situation may vary within a country. For example, rural areas are more likely to be monolingual than cities.\\nTake language lessons from a book, recording, or teacher before you leave if possible, or practice your language skills in conversation.\\n1-4. Think about how often you'll be visiting home.\\nSome expats live just a train ride away from their home country, while other are on the other side of the globe. If you travel to another continent, realize you'll probably need to pay large sums of money and spend many hours on an airplane in order to visit home. If you are departing from or heading to an area with no airport, that trip could require days or weeks instead. How likely is it that you'll return home for a visit, and what kind of expense in time or money will you be willing to spend for that trip?\\n1-5. Consider costs of living.\\nIf you are traveling to a city, you may find your destination in the annual Mercer expense ranking. However, you may need to search for online expat forums to get a more detailed understanding of a specific area. The cost of housing, food, electricity, heating, and transportation are all important to know, and one may be more expensive than you're used to even if the others are cheap. Relatively low costs of living may not help you if your new salary is low to match, or if your country's currency is weak.\\nAlways translate costs and wages into the currency you are familiar with and keep your money in. Use an online exchange calculator to get the most up to date information, and to see whether the exchange rate is changing rapidly.\\n1-6. Learn about climate and culture at the local level.\\nConsider the weather at your destination carefully before you commit to a long term stay, especially if you enjoy outdoor activities. If you have hobbies or interests, find out how easy it would be to keep them while you're abroad. Geography, city size, crime levels, and ease of contact with the outside world may also influence your decision.\\nIf you wish to use specialized job skills abroad but do not yet have a job, finding a region where your job skills are in demand is especially important. Find an international professional organization if possible to find contacts who have worked abroad in your field, and ask them for advice about relocation.\\nReading tourists' guides to individual cities or regions can be a good way to narrow down your search from a country down to the local level, where weather, attractions, and culture can vary greatly.\\n1-7. Get your family on board.\\nIf you have a family traveling with you, make sure they will be comfortable as well. Are there schools where your children will feel welcome and have their language use accommodated? Are there any concerns your spouse has about his or her own job prospects, comfort, or safety?\\nOther members of your family can use this same step-by-step guide to identify possible challenges.\\n1-8. Go on a fact-finding trip.\\nIf you are still not sure where you want to live, and you have the time and money, you could travel to your possible destinations and see firsthand whether you would like to live there. Try to spend at least three or four weeks in each destination to get a more accurate idea of what life there is like. Also consider what standard of living you'd be able to maintain on a permanent basis: a stay in a hotel may not tell you much if you would actually be moving in with a local family. Try to interact with locals and see how they live their lives, and where they spend their time.\\n2. Finding a Way to Get There\\n2-1. Investigate study abroad options if you are a student.\\nThis option is only available to students, or possibly to recent graduates. Study abroad programs are among the easiest ways to visit another country long-term, since your lodging will be arranged for you and you will meet people through enrollment in a foreign university. While the visit typically lasts a semester or an academic year, it can give you a thorough introduction to another country, and may teach you more about whether you want to become a permanent expatriate.\\nStudy abroad options may be available through your university, secondary school or high school, or through third-party organizations. Financial aid may also be available. Ask a school counselor for more information.\\nIf you are currently applying to universities, consider applying to foreign universities as well. Make sure they offer classes in a language you speak before applying.\\n2-2. Learn about programs through the military or government.\\nIf you work for the military or a government institution, your nation may pay you for overseas assignments. If your country's diplomatic office is hiring, you could even enter a new overseas career – but be aware that this requires extensive training.\\nIf you are a member of the U.S. military or a U.S. government employee, find more information through the the United States federal travel website.\\n2-3. Enroll in a teach abroad program\\nMost overseas teaching organizations require an undergraduate degree. However, this does not necessarily have to be in education. If you speak English fluently, that alone could make you high-demand without any foreign language experience required. Search for teaching abroad programs online, and ask them which teaching certification they require. Some programs may pay for your certification over the course of a few weeks or months, and then assist you in your travel plans.\\n2-4. Volunteer in a foreign country\\nMany humanitarian organizations are constantly on the lookout for volunteers who are willing to travel and assist in all kinds of programs, from building schools to providing medical assistance. Many programs require physical labor and/or travel to dangerous areas, so be sure you know exactly what you are getting into before you apply. It's always a good idea to research this type of program thoroughly, since some of them may not offer the travel assistance or emergency medical help you need.\\nIf you are passionate about an issue, do your research thoroughly to determine how best you can contribute. Ask the volunteer organization questions about its practices: does it support local economies, or does it only use imported labor and materials? What percentage of their funds go to the humanitarian project versus administration and other costs?\\n2-5. Find a job abroad\\nIf you work for a company with international ties, it's possible you can talk to Human Resources about applying for an overseas position. More commonly, you will need to start a job search from abroad, which can be difficult if you are not in a high-demand field. A contact at your destination who can vouch for you may make a tremendous difference.\\n2-6. Travel without set plans.\\nThis option is not recommended for families, as there is no guarantee you will find a stable living place or employment in another country. However, if you want to travel for a while rather than settle in one place, this may be the option for you. Be aware that you risk running out of money or getting into dangerous situations. If possible, keep enough money in your bank account to transport yourself back home or to a location where you have friends or family who can support you in case of disaster.\\nNote that you will most likely have a tourist visa, which could make it illegal for you to work abroad, as well as limit the amount of time you can stay in a country to a few weeks or months (depending on the visa).\\n3. Planning the Logistics\\n3-1. Make sure your passport or travel documents are up to date.\\nFor most trips outside of your country, especially long-term or permanent moves, you will need a passport issued by your country of citizenship. Check the expiration date and renew your passport if necessary. Begin the application or renewal process before you make travel plans, as the process may take several weeks or months.\\nIf it is not possible to receive a passport from your country of citizenship, you may need to apply for a non-citizen travel document from the country you reside in. Contact a passport office for more information.\\nYou may wish to renew your passport even if it will be valid on the date of your departure. Many expats return or visit their home country eventually, and it is usually easiest to renew your passport from within the country that issued it.\\n3-2. Acquire a visa if necessary.\\nAlmost every country requires long-term visitors (and often short-term visitors as well) to apply and pay for a visa, or authorization document. The process involves varies greatly depending on your destination, your country of citizenship, and your purpose for traveling. Research which visa application fits your requirements best online, or contact the nearest embassy of the country you are traveling to.\\nIf your application for a long-term visa is rejected, consider applying for a shorter-term visa instead. Once you are in the country, you may be able to find a job and apply for a work visa.\\nResearch the relevant visa regulations carefully to discover all your options. Some countries may allow you to stay indefinitely as long as you briefly exit the country every once in a while and pay for a new visitor's visa.\\n3-3. Research health concerns, and vaccinate if necessary.\\nResearch disease and health concerns at your destination. Serious health concerns can be avoided or mitigated by safety practices, often as simple as boiling water before drinking it. Protect yourself from other diseases found at your destination by getting vaccinated before your departure. If you don't have health insurance, look for walk-in clinics in your area that provide vaccination services.\\n3-4. Understand tax laws.\\nIf you plan to earn money while living overseas, understand how you will be taxed by your country of citizenship and/or your country of residency. You may wish to consult a tax preparer or lawyer for advice, or ask your new employers whether they provide tax assistance for foreign employees.\\nIf you are a citizen of the United States, you could be fined for failing to report a foreign bank account containing $10,000 or more. You must also file tax forms, although you may be able to use this form on the irs website to declare your income un-taxable.\\n3-5. Seek out additional advice on logistics.\\nIf you know someone in your destination country, or if you can find traveler's advice forums online, have a long conversation about life there and how to prepare for it. If you can't find anyone to talk to in person, research your destination thoroughly from up to date online and printed sources (preferably published no more than five years ago). It is impossible to cover every situation worldwide, but here are a few things to consider before you travel:\\nHow easy is it to get around by public transportation, versus by car? If renting or buying a car is a good idea, will your current driver's license be valid in that country, or will you need to take a test?\\nDoes your bank have branches in your destination country, or a \\\"sister bank\\\" you can access your account from? If you decide to open a new bank account overseas, what documents will you need to do so?\\nIn case of a medical emergency, where can you receive medical treatment from professional doctors? Will you share a language with them, and if not, where can you find an interpreter on short notice?\\n3-6. Make your travel plans.\\nOnce you've made your decision and have all the logistics worked out, book your travel. Keep in mind that tickets tend to be cheaper the earlier you book them. A return ticket may be a wise investment and back up plan, and may be reasonably priced even compared to one-way tickets. One-way plane tickets can have strange pricing depending on the airline, so use several ticket-finder websites to avoid getting charged four times as much as you should.\\n4. Dealing with Possessions and Housing\\n4-1. Keep your old property if possible.\\nHaving a backup plan is a good idea, even if you think you'll be away permanently. Ideally, you could rent out your old house or apartment, and have a family member or friend act as a local property manager on your behalf.\\n4-2. Find a short-term rental if possible.\\nUnless you are already familiar with the area you're moving to, it's not a good idea to purchase a property or sign a year-long lease without seeing the building or neighborhood. A much safer plan is to find a location you can rent on a month to month basis while you investigate long term options.\\nFor an even more comfortable transition, although an expensive one, stay in a hotel for the first week or two after you move while you investigate the rental options in person. It is still a good idea to research possibilities beforehand and let the landlords know when you'll make a decision.\\n4-3. Pack clothes to match the destination.\\nWhen packing clothes, consider what the weather is like at your destination, and find out what locals wear if possible. It's a good idea to pack some non-flashy, conservative clothing, since foreign countries may have more formal dress requirements than your own.\\nIf you are moving from an area with mild winters to an area with severe winters, the winter clothing at your destination may be more suitable than what you can purchase in your area. However, if you are traveling in winter, remember to pack one set of winter clothes to wear on arrival.\\n4-4. Pack a large supply of any medical supplies you require.\\nRegulations and availability can make acquiring medical supplies difficult in foreign countries. If you have any medical issues that require medicine, emergency inhalers, or other products, pack several months' worth if possible. This gives you a comfortable stretch of time before you have to find another source.\\nNote that you may be required to pack medicine in a clear plastic bag if traveling by plane, or pack non-vital medicine in your shipped luggage. Exact regulations vary by country.\\n4-5. Pack a few familiar objects.\\nEven if you tend to pack light, a long term or permanent move could call for more packing than you're used to. Favorite books in your native language, a sentimental object, or some other reminder of home may make it easier to fight off homesickness.\\n4-6. Bring enough money to live off for at least a month.\\nEven if you have a job waiting for you at your new location, have enough money in your bank account to support you for at least a month of meager living. Ideally, save enough money for three or more months by creating a budget, cutting expenses, and cancelling your credit card.\\nMake sure you have cancelled any recurring bills, or had them redirected to your new address.\\n4-7. Purchase plug adapters if necessary.\\nDifferent countries may have different outlets, and your electric and electronic equipment may not work on them. Find out which outlets are used at your destination and buy several connectors that will fit your gadgets to the foreign outlets.\\n4-8. Ship only as much as you need.\\nGet rid of as much stuff as you can, or have friends and family members store your excess possessions. International shipping can be expensive, especially if you are moving overseas. In many cases, it may be cheaper to purchase a new item at your destination.\\nPack a few boxes or pieces of furniture that you are unsure about, and store them in a rented storage space or at a friend's. Label them clearly and ask a friend to ship these boxes once you've settled in, if you decide you need the contents of a particular box after all.\\n5. Adjusting to Life as an Expat\\n5-1. Understand what culture shock is\\nWhen you first arrive in a foreign country, you might feel hypersensitive to every difference. Even something you've never thought about might be called into question, such as the time of day people eat meals, or the tone of voice that is considered polite when talking to a stranger. All of this can cause you to feel extra tired, react irritably in conversation, cry unexpectedly, or even make you feel physically ill. If you're honest about your reaction and do your best to think about and come to terms with these differences, you will have a better chance at recovering quickly.\\nCulture shock can happen even in a country where people speak your native language. Be prepared for it even if you think you'll be in a similar country to your own.\\n5-2. Try to understand, not to judge.\\nWhenever you experience something that makes you feel disgust, anger, or confusion, try to figure out why. Do locals react the same way, and if not, why is this considered more \\\"normal\\\" here? You don't need to throw away your moral compass, but you will be happier if you spend less time judging other people and more time trying to understand their motivations and cultural pressures.\\n5-3. Learn the language.\\nIf you intend to stay in a country long term, putting in the effort to learn the language of everyday activity is worth it. This can feel slow and painful, even if you've studied the language before, but it is also an exciting opportunity. You are surrounded by fluent speakers, and while language lessons, books, and recordings are still excellent resources, you can also practice your language by going shopping, attending a concert, or introducing yourself to your neighbors.\\n5-4. Make local friends.\\nThere's only so much you can figure out on your own. Making friends with people who grew up in the area and have lived there many years can help greatly. If you accidentally offend someone, or if you go through a confusing experience, a local friend can explain the situation and teach you how to deal with it in future. Talk openly and honestly once you have gotten to know someone, and he or she will be able to make your transition to this culture smoother.\\n5-5. Make friends with other foreigners.\\nLiving abroad can be a difficult balance between immersing yourself in a new language and culture, and maintaining your ties with home. Making friends with other expats and visitors can be an excellent way to vent about your frustrations, bond over shared experiences, and reminisce about your times back home. Just be sure to balance this out with time spent among locals as well, or you might find it tempting to stay in an expat \\\"bubble\\\" and stop interacting with the local culture.\\n5-6. Treat your homesickness\\nMaintain contact with friends and family back home with regular phone conversations, letters, or emails. Have a few mementos from home, such as goodbye cards or a favorite book, and look at them when you're feeling down. If you can't shake the homesickness, or you are shutting yourself in your room at every opportunity, you may wish to seek counseling, or ask a friend to pull you out of your rut and take you to a hike, dance, or other activity you would enjoy.\\n5-7. Ask for care packages from home.\\nIf you have family or friends back home, ask them to ship you snacks, a new book that just came out in your country, or other treats you aren't able to purchase in your adopted country. If you do not, order yourself these treats online, saving up for international shipping if you need to. These can be a great way to cheer up after feeling homesick or overwhelmed.\\n5-8. Acquire a daily routine.\\nIdeally, this routine should include exercise, sleep, and an adequate, healthy diet, but while most of us know this reduces stress, it isn't always easy to follow a rigorous plan like this. Finding a stable habit you can return to each day can be enough to make a difference, even if it's as simple as eating the same, comforting breakfast or walking through a park after your workday.\\n5-9. Realize it's okay to be upset.\\nAfter fighting homesickness, dealing with culture shock, or grappling with bureaucracies to get your visa renewed, it's understandable to feel strong emotions. You will probably feel intense anger or sadness at different points in your life abroad. You might feel that you hate your adopted country or regret traveling, but in most situations, these feeling will pass. If they don't, and you end up bitter or sad on a daily basis, it may be time to move back home.\\nTips\\nIf you are a citizen of multiple countries, consider applying for a passport from each of them. Depending on where you end up traveling, you may find that customs officers and bureaucracies treat you differently when you show them different passports.\\nWarnings\\nBe aware that each country has its own laws and regulations. Don't let ignorance ruin your life. Strive at all times to be a 'good will ambassador' of your country of origin.\\nDon't burn bridges with the people you leave behind. You may find you need contacts back home to support you, even if that seems ridiculous now.\\nAvoid regions neighboring areas of open conflict. War zones or areas of severe crime can spread across national borders.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are few experiences that can change someone as thoroughly as living in a different country. Whether you are looking for adventure or considering an overseas job offer, weigh your options carefully. While another country will always provide pleasant and unpleasant surprises, you can make your transition as comfortable as possible with preparation beforehand.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Considering a Move to a Foreign Country\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow these steps whether or not you have chosen a destination.\", \"描述\": \"You may already know exactly where you want to move: perhaps you are deciding whether to accept an overseas job, or you have previously visited a country and fallen in love with it. Or you may want more international experiences without having decided on a particular place. Either way, these steps will help you evaluate the possibilities and pitfalls associated with each destination, preparing you for the challenges and excitement ahead.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find contacts living abroad.\", \"描述\": \"If you have friends or family in a foreign country, that can make the transition much easier. Try asking your family members or friends who have traveled or hosted foreign guests whether they know anyone in the regions you are considering. Keep in mind\\nDoes your family have a cultural attachment to a certain region? Even if you are not in contact with any family overseas, you may decide to narrow down your options to your ancestors' region of origin to learn more about family history and traditions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide how important the language barrier is.\", \"描述\": \"Are you up to the difficult and possibly isolating task of living in a country where you don't speak the language? Find out how many people speak English (or another language you understand) in the locations you are considering. Even if you have taken classes in a foreign language, be aware that regional accents, faster everyday conversation, and slang can make it tougher to understand than you expect.\\nKeep in mind that the language situation may vary within a country. For example, rural areas are more likely to be monolingual than cities.\\nTake language lessons from a book, recording, or teacher before you leave if possible, or practice your language skills in conversation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about how often you'll be visiting home.\", \"描述\": \"Some expats live just a train ride away from their home country, while other are on the other side of the globe. If you travel to another continent, realize you'll probably need to pay large sums of money and spend many hours on an airplane in order to visit home. If you are departing from or heading to an area with no airport, that trip could require days or weeks instead. How likely is it that you'll return home for a visit, and what kind of expense in time or money will you be willing to spend for that trip?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider costs of living.\", \"描述\": \"If you are traveling to a city, you may find your destination in the annual Mercer expense ranking. However, you may need to search for online expat forums to get a more detailed understanding of a specific area. The cost of housing, food, electricity, heating, and transportation are all important to know, and one may be more expensive than you're used to even if the others are cheap. Relatively low costs of living may not help you if your new salary is low to match, or if your country's currency is weak.\\nAlways translate costs and wages into the currency you are familiar with and keep your money in. Use an online exchange calculator to get the most up to date information, and to see whether the exchange rate is changing rapidly.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Learn about climate and culture at the local level.\", \"描述\": \"Consider the weather at your destination carefully before you commit to a long term stay, especially if you enjoy outdoor activities. If you have hobbies or interests, find out how easy it would be to keep them while you're abroad. Geography, city size, crime levels, and ease of contact with the outside world may also influence your decision.\\nIf you wish to use specialized job skills abroad but do not yet have a job, finding a region where your job skills are in demand is especially important. Find an international professional organization if possible to find contacts who have worked abroad in your field, and ask them for advice about relocation.\\nReading tourists' guides to individual cities or regions can be a good way to narrow down your search from a country down to the local level, where weather, attractions, and culture can vary greatly.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get your family on board.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a family traveling with you, make sure they will be comfortable as well. Are there schools where your children will feel welcome and have their language use accommodated? Are there any concerns your spouse has about his or her own job prospects, comfort, or safety?\\nOther members of your family can use this same step-by-step guide to identify possible challenges.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Go on a fact-finding trip.\", \"描述\": \"If you are still not sure where you want to live, and you have the time and money, you could travel to your possible destinations and see firsthand whether you would like to live there. Try to spend at least three or four weeks in each destination to get a more accurate idea of what life there is like. Also consider what standard of living you'd be able to maintain on a permanent basis: a stay in a hotel may not tell you much if you would actually be moving in with a local family. Try to interact with locals and see how they live their lives, and where they spend their time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding a Way to Get There\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Investigate study abroad options if you are a student.\", \"描述\": \"This option is only available to students, or possibly to recent graduates. Study abroad programs are among the easiest ways to visit another country long-term, since your lodging will be arranged for you and you will meet people through enrollment in a foreign university. While the visit typically lasts a semester or an academic year, it can give you a thorough introduction to another country, and may teach you more about whether you want to become a permanent expatriate.\\nStudy abroad options may be available through your university, secondary school or high school, or through third-party organizations. Financial aid may also be available. Ask a school counselor for more information.\\nIf you are currently applying to universities, consider applying to foreign universities as well. Make sure they offer classes in a language you speak before applying.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about programs through the military or government.\", \"描述\": \"If you work for the military or a government institution, your nation may pay you for overseas assignments. If your country's diplomatic office is hiring, you could even enter a new overseas career – but be aware that this requires extensive training.\\nIf you are a member of the U.S. military or a U.S. government employee, find more information through the the United States federal travel website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a teach abroad program\", \"描述\": \"Most overseas teaching organizations require an undergraduate degree. However, this does not necessarily have to be in education. If you speak English fluently, that alone could make you high-demand without any foreign language experience required. Search for teaching abroad programs online, and ask them which teaching certification they require. Some programs may pay for your certification over the course of a few weeks or months, and then assist you in your travel plans.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Volunteer in a foreign country\", \"描述\": \"Many humanitarian organizations are constantly on the lookout for volunteers who are willing to travel and assist in all kinds of programs, from building schools to providing medical assistance. Many programs require physical labor and/or travel to dangerous areas, so be sure you know exactly what you are getting into before you apply. It's always a good idea to research this type of program thoroughly, since some of them may not offer the travel assistance or emergency medical help you need.\\nIf you are passionate about an issue, do your research thoroughly to determine how best you can contribute. Ask the volunteer organization questions about its practices: does it support local economies, or does it only use imported labor and materials? What percentage of their funds go to the humanitarian project versus administration and other costs?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find a job abroad\", \"描述\": \"If you work for a company with international ties, it's possible you can talk to Human Resources about applying for an overseas position. More commonly, you will need to start a job search from abroad, which can be difficult if you are not in a high-demand field. A contact at your destination who can vouch for you may make a tremendous difference.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Travel without set plans.\", \"描述\": \"This option is not recommended for families, as there is no guarantee you will find a stable living place or employment in another country. However, if you want to travel for a while rather than settle in one place, this may be the option for you. Be aware that you risk running out of money or getting into dangerous situations. If possible, keep enough money in your bank account to transport yourself back home or to a location where you have friends or family who can support you in case of disaster.\\nNote that you will most likely have a tourist visa, which could make it illegal for you to work abroad, as well as limit the amount of time you can stay in a country to a few weeks or months (depending on the visa).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Planning the Logistics\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure your passport or travel documents are up to date.\", \"描述\": \"For most trips outside of your country, especially long-term or permanent moves, you will need a passport issued by your country of citizenship. Check the expiration date and renew your passport if necessary. Begin the application or renewal process before you make travel plans, as the process may take several weeks or months.\\nIf it is not possible to receive a passport from your country of citizenship, you may need to apply for a non-citizen travel document from the country you reside in. Contact a passport office for more information.\\nYou may wish to renew your passport even if it will be valid on the date of your departure. Many expats return or visit their home country eventually, and it is usually easiest to renew your passport from within the country that issued it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acquire a visa if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Almost every country requires long-term visitors (and often short-term visitors as well) to apply and pay for a visa, or authorization document. The process involves varies greatly depending on your destination, your country of citizenship, and your purpose for traveling. Research which visa application fits your requirements best online, or contact the nearest embassy of the country you are traveling to.\\nIf your application for a long-term visa is rejected, consider applying for a shorter-term visa instead. Once you are in the country, you may be able to find a job and apply for a work visa.\\nResearch the relevant visa regulations carefully to discover all your options. Some countries may allow you to stay indefinitely as long as you briefly exit the country every once in a while and pay for a new visitor's visa.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research health concerns, and vaccinate if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Research disease and health concerns at your destination. Serious health concerns can be avoided or mitigated by safety practices, often as simple as boiling water before drinking it. Protect yourself from other diseases found at your destination by getting vaccinated before your departure. If you don't have health insurance, look for walk-in clinics in your area that provide vaccination services.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understand tax laws.\", \"描述\": \"If you plan to earn money while living overseas, understand how you will be taxed by your country of citizenship and/or your country of residency. You may wish to consult a tax preparer or lawyer for advice, or ask your new employers whether they provide tax assistance for foreign employees.\\nIf you are a citizen of the United States, you could be fined for failing to report a foreign bank account containing $10,000 or more. You must also file tax forms, although you may be able to use this form on the irs website to declare your income un-taxable.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek out additional advice on logistics.\", \"描述\": \"If you know someone in your destination country, or if you can find traveler's advice forums online, have a long conversation about life there and how to prepare for it. If you can't find anyone to talk to in person, research your destination thoroughly from up to date online and printed sources (preferably published no more than five years ago). It is impossible to cover every situation worldwide, but here are a few things to consider before you travel:\\nHow easy is it to get around by public transportation, versus by car? If renting or buying a car is a good idea, will your current driver's license be valid in that country, or will you need to take a test?\\nDoes your bank have branches in your destination country, or a \\\"sister bank\\\" you can access your account from? If you decide to open a new bank account overseas, what documents will you need to do so?\\nIn case of a medical emergency, where can you receive medical treatment from professional doctors? Will you share a language with them, and if not, where can you find an interpreter on short notice?\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make your travel plans.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've made your decision and have all the logistics worked out, book your travel. Keep in mind that tickets tend to be cheaper the earlier you book them. A return ticket may be a wise investment and back up plan, and may be reasonably priced even compared to one-way tickets. One-way plane tickets can have strange pricing depending on the airline, so use several ticket-finder websites to avoid getting charged four times as much as you should.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dealing with Possessions and Housing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep your old property if possible.\", \"描述\": \"Having a backup plan is a good idea, even if you think you'll be away permanently. Ideally, you could rent out your old house or apartment, and have a family member or friend act as a local property manager on your behalf.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a short-term rental if possible.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you are already familiar with the area you're moving to, it's not a good idea to purchase a property or sign a year-long lease without seeing the building or neighborhood. A much safer plan is to find a location you can rent on a month to month basis while you investigate long term options.\\nFor an even more comfortable transition, although an expensive one, stay in a hotel for the first week or two after you move while you investigate the rental options in person. It is still a good idea to research possibilities beforehand and let the landlords know when you'll make a decision.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pack clothes to match the destination.\", \"描述\": \"When packing clothes, consider what the weather is like at your destination, and find out what locals wear if possible. It's a good idea to pack some non-flashy, conservative clothing, since foreign countries may have more formal dress requirements than your own.\\nIf you are moving from an area with mild winters to an area with severe winters, the winter clothing at your destination may be more suitable than what you can purchase in your area. However, if you are traveling in winter, remember to pack one set of winter clothes to wear on arrival.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pack a large supply of any medical supplies you require.\", \"描述\": \"Regulations and availability can make acquiring medical supplies difficult in foreign countries. If you have any medical issues that require medicine, emergency inhalers, or other products, pack several months' worth if possible. This gives you a comfortable stretch of time before you have to find another source.\\nNote that you may be required to pack medicine in a clear plastic bag if traveling by plane, or pack non-vital medicine in your shipped luggage. Exact regulations vary by country.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pack a few familiar objects.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you tend to pack light, a long term or permanent move could call for more packing than you're used to. Favorite books in your native language, a sentimental object, or some other reminder of home may make it easier to fight off homesickness.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Bring enough money to live off for at least a month.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you have a job waiting for you at your new location, have enough money in your bank account to support you for at least a month of meager living. Ideally, save enough money for three or more months by creating a budget, cutting expenses, and cancelling your credit card.\\nMake sure you have cancelled any recurring bills, or had them redirected to your new address.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Purchase plug adapters if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Different countries may have different outlets, and your electric and electronic equipment may not work on them. Find out which outlets are used at your destination and buy several connectors that will fit your gadgets to the foreign outlets.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Ship only as much as you need.\", \"描述\": \"Get rid of as much stuff as you can, or have friends and family members store your excess possessions. International shipping can be expensive, especially if you are moving overseas. In many cases, it may be cheaper to purchase a new item at your destination.\\nPack a few boxes or pieces of furniture that you are unsure about, and store them in a rented storage space or at a friend's. Label them clearly and ask a friend to ship these boxes once you've settled in, if you decide you need the contents of a particular box after all.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Adjusting to Life as an Expat\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what culture shock is\", \"描述\": \"When you first arrive in a foreign country, you might feel hypersensitive to every difference. Even something you've never thought about might be called into question, such as the time of day people eat meals, or the tone of voice that is considered polite when talking to a stranger. All of this can cause you to feel extra tired, react irritably in conversation, cry unexpectedly, or even make you feel physically ill. If you're honest about your reaction and do your best to think about and come to terms with these differences, you will have a better chance at recovering quickly.\\nCulture shock can happen even in a country where people speak your native language. Be prepared for it even if you think you'll be in a similar country to your own.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try to understand, not to judge.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you experience something that makes you feel disgust, anger, or confusion, try to figure out why. Do locals react the same way, and if not, why is this considered more \\\"normal\\\" here? You don't need to throw away your moral compass, but you will be happier if you spend less time judging other people and more time trying to understand their motivations and cultural pressures.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn the language.\", \"描述\": \"If you intend to stay in a country long term, putting in the effort to learn the language of everyday activity is worth it. This can feel slow and painful, even if you've studied the language before, but it is also an exciting opportunity. You are surrounded by fluent speakers, and while language lessons, books, and recordings are still excellent resources, you can also practice your language by going shopping, attending a concert, or introducing yourself to your neighbors.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make local friends.\", \"描述\": \"There's only so much you can figure out on your own. Making friends with people who grew up in the area and have lived there many years can help greatly. If you accidentally offend someone, or if you go through a confusing experience, a local friend can explain the situation and teach you how to deal with it in future. Talk openly and honestly once you have gotten to know someone, and he or she will be able to make your transition to this culture smoother.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make friends with other foreigners.\", \"描述\": \"Living abroad can be a difficult balance between immersing yourself in a new language and culture, and maintaining your ties with home. Making friends with other expats and visitors can be an excellent way to vent about your frustrations, bond over shared experiences, and reminisce about your times back home. Just be sure to balance this out with time spent among locals as well, or you might find it tempting to stay in an expat \\\"bubble\\\" and stop interacting with the local culture.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Treat your homesickness\", \"描述\": \"Maintain contact with friends and family back home with regular phone conversations, letters, or emails. Have a few mementos from home, such as goodbye cards or a favorite book, and look at them when you're feeling down. If you can't shake the homesickness, or you are shutting yourself in your room at every opportunity, you may wish to seek counseling, or ask a friend to pull you out of your rut and take you to a hike, dance, or other activity you would enjoy.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Ask for care packages from home.\", \"描述\": \"If you have family or friends back home, ask them to ship you snacks, a new book that just came out in your country, or other treats you aren't able to purchase in your adopted country. If you do not, order yourself these treats online, saving up for international shipping if you need to. These can be a great way to cheer up after feeling homesick or overwhelmed.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Acquire a daily routine.\", \"描述\": \"Ideally, this routine should include exercise, sleep, and an adequate, healthy diet, but while most of us know this reduces stress, it isn't always easy to follow a rigorous plan like this. Finding a stable habit you can return to each day can be enough to make a difference, even if it's as simple as eating the same, comforting breakfast or walking through a park after your workday.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Realize it's okay to be upset.\", \"描述\": \"After fighting homesickness, dealing with culture shock, or grappling with bureaucracies to get your visa renewed, it's understandable to feel strong emotions. You will probably feel intense anger or sadness at different points in your life abroad. You might feel that you hate your adopted country or regret traveling, but in most situations, these feeling will pass. If they don't, and you end up bitter or sad on a daily basis, it may be time to move back home.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you are a citizen of multiple countries, consider applying for a passport from each of them. Depending on where you end up traveling, you may find that customs officers and bureaucracies treat you differently when you show them different passports.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be aware that each country has its own laws and regulations. Don't let ignorance ruin your life. Strive at all times to be a 'good will ambassador' of your country of origin.\\n\", \"Don't burn bridges with the people you leave behind. You may find you need contacts back home to support you, even if that seems ridiculous now.\\n\", \"Avoid regions neighboring areas of open conflict. War zones or areas of severe crime can spread across national borders.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,997 |
How to Become an Expert on Dinosaurs
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1. Learning Basic Dinosaur Facts
1-1. Find out what makes dinosaurs different from other reptiles.
Look for books and documentaries about dinosaur anatomy to learn more about the physical traits that made them unique. Reconstructed skeletons, models, and even toys can also help you see how dinosaurs were different from other reptiles. What set dinosaurs apart were their hips, which allowed them to stand upright with their legs directly under their bodies.
Even dinosaurs that walked on all fours stood with their legs directly under their bodies. This upward stance allowed dinosaurs to move faster and with more endurance than other reptiles.
Other prehistoric reptiles, such as the flying pterosaurs and aquatic plesiosaurs, didn’t have this feature, so they weren't dinosaurs.
1-2. Study the various types of dinosaurs.
To learn more about different dinosaur families, look for a dinosaur encyclopedia at the library or bookstore. You can also search online for “types of dinosaurs” or “dinosaur orders and suborders.” You might recognize well-known families such as long-necked or plated dinosaurs; each group has a special scientific name:
(sawr-oh-POH-dah-more-fah), or sauropods, walked on all fours, had long necks and tails, and were the largest animals to ever walk on land.
(thye-ree-OFF-or-ah), were armored dinosaurs that walked on 4 legs. This group includes (ang-kye-luh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the tank-like, club-tailed dinosaurs, and (steg-oh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the well-known spike-tailed, plated dinosaurs.
(sair-uh-TOP-see-ah), or ceratopsians, walked on all fours and had horns, ridges, and bony frills sprouting from their heads and faces.
(pak-ee-sef-uh-lo-SAWR-ee-uh), or pachycephalosaurs, were herbivores, walked on 2 legs, and had thick, helmet-like skulls. Some dinosaurs in this group had skulls 9 in (23 cm) thick!
(or-nith-uh-PODE-ah), or ornithopods, were beaked herbivores that mainly walked and ran on 2 feet. They’re commonly known as duck-billed dinosaurs.
(thair-uh-PODE-ah), or therapods, walked on 2 legs and were carnivores. This group includes numerous families, from the massive Tyrannosaurus to avian dinosaurs, or the ancestors of modern birds.
1-3. Memorize the names of dinosaurs from each group.
There are over 700 different kinds of dinosaurs, and it’s tough to remember them all. Look up species in a dinosaur encyclopedia and make flashcards to memorize as many as you can. Write the name of a dinosaur on one side then, on the back, write its type, whether it ate meat or plants, and when it lived.
Dinosaurs often get their names from Latin or Greek words, and it’s helpful to include each name’s meaning on your flashcard. The word dinosaur, for example, comes from the Ancient Greek words deinos, or “terrible,” and sauros, or “lizard.”
To make a flashcard, write “Triceratops” on one side, then write “Ceratopsia, herbivore, late Cretaceous period, ‘Three-horned face.’ on the other.” You could also draw or print out a picture of each dinosaur and paste it on the side with its name.
In addition to well-known dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus Rex, Triceratops, and Stegosaurus, try to memorize lesser-known species. Examples include the sauropod Mamenchisaurus (mah-MEN-chi-SAWR-us), the ceratopsian Styracosaurus (stih-RAK-uh-SAWR-us), and the carnivorous Carcharodontosaurus (kar-kar-o-DON-tuh-SAWR-us).
1-4. Build your understanding of the geologic time scale.
Head to your local library and check out a book about geologic time; a geology textbook would be a great source. You may have already heard the term Jurassic, which is a geologic period of time. It was part of the Mesozoic Era, or the span of time during which dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
The Mesozoic Era lasted from 252 to 66 million years ago, or for about 186 million years. In contrast, Homo sapiens, or modern humans, have only been around for about 300,000 years!
The Mesozoic Era is divided into 3 periods: the Triassic, the Jurassic, and the Cretaceous. All non-avian (non-bird) dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous about 66 million years ago.
Modern birds are the descendants of avian dinosaurs, so it’s fair to say that some dinosaurs still walk the Earth!
1-5. Learn how paleontologists study dinosaurs.
Fossilized skeletons, footprints, nest sites, and skin imprints help paleontologists understand what dinosaurs looked like and how they lived. Read books and watch documentaries about fossils to learn how they're formed. Additionally, look for memoirs, diaries, and blogs by paleontologists to better understand the work they do.
Check out blog posts and podcasts about fieldwork created by reputable paleontologists at http://www.pasttime.org.
Fossils form when bones, shells, and other organic materials gradually decay and form a mold. Over time, minerals fill this mold, replace the organic material, and form rocks in the shape of the bone or shell. This process is called fossilization.
Fossils tell us all about the anatomy of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. They also help paleontologists understand dinosaur behavior. For example, by examining fossilized footprints, paleontologists can infer how dinosaurs moved, determine whether they lived in groups, and figure out how different species interacted.
2. Digging Deeper with Educational Resources
2-1. Watch recent dinosaur documentaries.
Find documentaries on streaming services, educational television channels, and museum websites. You could also check your local library for documentaries on DVD. For the most up to date information, go for documentaries that are no more than 4 or 5 years old.
The American Museum of Natural History is packed with educational resources. Find videos, articles, and more at https://www.amnh.org/dinosaurs.
A documentary from 1995 or 2000 collecting dust on your library’s shelves might be fun to watch, but paleontologists have made significant dinosaur discoveries since then. If you do come across an old documentary, draw contrasts between what we knew then and our knowledge of dinosaurs today.
2-2. Read scientific books about dinosaurs.
If you want more detailed information about dinosaurs, head to the library or purchase your own copies of scientific books. There are tons of excellent, informative books and encyclopedias for readers of all ages. A few good choices include:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages by Dr. Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. is a great source for kids and adults alike.
Digging Dinosaurs: The Search That Unraveled the Mystery of Baby Dinosaurs by John R. “Jack” Horner is the memoir of one the most widely respected paleontologists. Horner is famous for discovering that many dinosaurs nested and cared for their young.
The Dinosauria, edited by David Weishampel, Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska, is an authoritative reference text and a must-have if you’re serious about your dino-studies.
2-3. Keep up with dinosaur discoveries.
New species are frequently unearthed, and technological leaps yield more and more information about fossils. Stay up to date with dinosaur news, from research into biomechanics, or how dinos moved, to the latest discoveries that link avian dinosaurs to modern birds.
See the American Museum of Natural History’s dinosaur discoveries page at https://www.amnh.org/explore/science-topics/dinosaur-discoveries.
2-4. Visit natural history museums with dinosaur exhibits.
Seeing a reconstructed dinosaur skeleton is a breathtaking moment for any dino lover. Search online for “dinosaur museum exhibitions” or “natural history museum” near your location. Check to see if exhibitions are permanent or temporary, and if tickets should be purchased ahead of time.
For major natural history museums, try to buy passes in advance to avoid long lines. If you’re a student, ask your parents to take you, or talk to your science teacher about a school field trip.
If you can’t get to a major museum in person, you can still find a treasure trove of information on museum websites.
2-5. Take a trip to a fossil park.
Digging for your own fossils can give you a sense of what it’s like to be a paleontologist. Fossil parks are locations where fossils are frequently found; look online for one in your area. At many sites, you can dig up and bring home the specimens you find.
Removing fossils from the site isn’t allowed at some fossil parks. Be sure to check the rules before bringing anything home. It’s illegal, for example, to remove a fossil from a U.S. National Park Service site.
In the United States, find the nearest fossil park at https://www.myfossil.org/fossil-parks.
3. Becoming a Paleontologist
3-1. Join a fossil club or paleontology organization.
A local fossil club or national paleontology organization, which you can search for online, can put you in touch with other dino buffs. Through your club or organization, you can find classes, conferences, and workshops on paleontological fieldwork.
Unlike most other scientific disciplines, amateur paleontologists make major contributions to the field. Jack Horner, for example, never earned a degree in paleontology. If you learn how to identify and collect fossils, you might end up discovering a new species of dinosaur!
3-2. Volunteer at a museum to gain firsthand knowledge.
Sign up to be a tour guide or docent, and get to know the paleontologists on the museum’s staff. Pick their brains about the field, ask them how they became professional paleontologists, and get tips on finding and digging up fossils.
Volunteering is a great way to get free access to a museum’s resources. Try not to be shy about approaching a museum professional. They’re passionate about their field, and they’ll most likely be eager to share their knowledge with you.
3-3. Ask an experienced paleontologist to be your mentor.
Attending workshops and joining a club or organization can put you in touch with more experienced paleontologists. Try asking one if you can join them on a dig or if they could help you learn more about collecting fossils. Your fossil club might also organize digs lead by an experienced paleontologist.
For example, suppose you join a fossil club and attend a workshop on proper excavation techniques. Chat with the workshop leader afterward, and ask questions about their lesson.
Reaching out to a potential mentor can be intimidating, but do your best not to be shy. Just relax and express your interest in learning more about paleontology. They'll probably be excited to share their knowledge with you!
If you pursue a degree in paleontology, you'll choose a professor to be your mentor and thesis adviser.
3-4. Get a degree in paleontology if you want to be a professional.
While you don’t need a degree to be an amateur paleontologist, you’ll need one if you want to gain employment. Professional field paleontologists and those that work in museums usually have to have a master’s degree. A doctorate is usually required for academic paleontologists.
You don’t necessarily need a bachelor’s degree in paleontology, which isn’t a common undergraduate degree program. You could earn your degree in archaeology, geology or biology, then apply to graduate programs in paleontology or paleobiology.
Tips
Knowing how fossils are dated will certainly come in handy as you learn more.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning Basic Dinosaur Facts\\n1-1. Find out what makes dinosaurs different from other reptiles.\\nLook for books and documentaries about dinosaur anatomy to learn more about the physical traits that made them unique. Reconstructed skeletons, models, and even toys can also help you see how dinosaurs were different from other reptiles. What set dinosaurs apart were their hips, which allowed them to stand upright with their legs directly under their bodies.\\nEven dinosaurs that walked on all fours stood with their legs directly under their bodies. This upward stance allowed dinosaurs to move faster and with more endurance than other reptiles.\\nOther prehistoric reptiles, such as the flying pterosaurs and aquatic plesiosaurs, didn’t have this feature, so they weren't dinosaurs.\\n1-2. Study the various types of dinosaurs.\\nTo learn more about different dinosaur families, look for a dinosaur encyclopedia at the library or bookstore. You can also search online for “types of dinosaurs” or “dinosaur orders and suborders.” You might recognize well-known families such as long-necked or plated dinosaurs; each group has a special scientific name:\\n\\n (sawr-oh-POH-dah-more-fah), or sauropods, walked on all fours, had long necks and tails, and were the largest animals to ever walk on land.\\n (thye-ree-OFF-or-ah), were armored dinosaurs that walked on 4 legs. This group includes (ang-kye-luh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the tank-like, club-tailed dinosaurs, and (steg-oh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the well-known spike-tailed, plated dinosaurs.\\n (sair-uh-TOP-see-ah), or ceratopsians, walked on all fours and had horns, ridges, and bony frills sprouting from their heads and faces.\\n (pak-ee-sef-uh-lo-SAWR-ee-uh), or pachycephalosaurs, were herbivores, walked on 2 legs, and had thick, helmet-like skulls. Some dinosaurs in this group had skulls 9 in (23 cm) thick!\\n (or-nith-uh-PODE-ah), or ornithopods, were beaked herbivores that mainly walked and ran on 2 feet. They’re commonly known as duck-billed dinosaurs.\\n (thair-uh-PODE-ah), or therapods, walked on 2 legs and were carnivores. This group includes numerous families, from the massive Tyrannosaurus to avian dinosaurs, or the ancestors of modern birds.\\n1-3. Memorize the names of dinosaurs from each group.\\nThere are over 700 different kinds of dinosaurs, and it’s tough to remember them all. Look up species in a dinosaur encyclopedia and make flashcards to memorize as many as you can. Write the name of a dinosaur on one side then, on the back, write its type, whether it ate meat or plants, and when it lived.\\nDinosaurs often get their names from Latin or Greek words, and it’s helpful to include each name’s meaning on your flashcard. The word dinosaur, for example, comes from the Ancient Greek words deinos, or “terrible,” and sauros, or “lizard.”\\nTo make a flashcard, write “Triceratops” on one side, then write “Ceratopsia, herbivore, late Cretaceous period, ‘Three-horned face.’ on the other.” You could also draw or print out a picture of each dinosaur and paste it on the side with its name.\\nIn addition to well-known dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus Rex, Triceratops, and Stegosaurus, try to memorize lesser-known species. Examples include the sauropod Mamenchisaurus (mah-MEN-chi-SAWR-us), the ceratopsian Styracosaurus (stih-RAK-uh-SAWR-us), and the carnivorous Carcharodontosaurus (kar-kar-o-DON-tuh-SAWR-us).\\n1-4. Build your understanding of the geologic time scale.\\nHead to your local library and check out a book about geologic time; a geology textbook would be a great source. You may have already heard the term Jurassic, which is a geologic period of time. It was part of the Mesozoic Era, or the span of time during which dinosaurs roamed the Earth.\\nThe Mesozoic Era lasted from 252 to 66 million years ago, or for about 186 million years. In contrast, Homo sapiens, or modern humans, have only been around for about 300,000 years!\\nThe Mesozoic Era is divided into 3 periods: the Triassic, the Jurassic, and the Cretaceous. All non-avian (non-bird) dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous about 66 million years ago.\\nModern birds are the descendants of avian dinosaurs, so it’s fair to say that some dinosaurs still walk the Earth!\\n1-5. Learn how paleontologists study dinosaurs.\\nFossilized skeletons, footprints, nest sites, and skin imprints help paleontologists understand what dinosaurs looked like and how they lived. Read books and watch documentaries about fossils to learn how they're formed. Additionally, look for memoirs, diaries, and blogs by paleontologists to better understand the work they do.\\nCheck out blog posts and podcasts about fieldwork created by reputable paleontologists at http://www.pasttime.org.\\nFossils form when bones, shells, and other organic materials gradually decay and form a mold. Over time, minerals fill this mold, replace the organic material, and form rocks in the shape of the bone or shell. This process is called fossilization.\\nFossils tell us all about the anatomy of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. They also help paleontologists understand dinosaur behavior. For example, by examining fossilized footprints, paleontologists can infer how dinosaurs moved, determine whether they lived in groups, and figure out how different species interacted.\\n2. Digging Deeper with Educational Resources\\n2-1. Watch recent dinosaur documentaries.\\nFind documentaries on streaming services, educational television channels, and museum websites. You could also check your local library for documentaries on DVD. For the most up to date information, go for documentaries that are no more than 4 or 5 years old.\\nThe American Museum of Natural History is packed with educational resources. Find videos, articles, and more at https://www.amnh.org/dinosaurs.\\nA documentary from 1995 or 2000 collecting dust on your library’s shelves might be fun to watch, but paleontologists have made significant dinosaur discoveries since then. If you do come across an old documentary, draw contrasts between what we knew then and our knowledge of dinosaurs today.\\n2-2. Read scientific books about dinosaurs.\\nIf you want more detailed information about dinosaurs, head to the library or purchase your own copies of scientific books. There are tons of excellent, informative books and encyclopedias for readers of all ages. A few good choices include:\\n\\nDinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages by Dr. Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. is a great source for kids and adults alike.\\nDigging Dinosaurs: The Search That Unraveled the Mystery of Baby Dinosaurs by John R. “Jack” Horner is the memoir of one the most widely respected paleontologists. Horner is famous for discovering that many dinosaurs nested and cared for their young.\\nThe Dinosauria, edited by David Weishampel, Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska, is an authoritative reference text and a must-have if you’re serious about your dino-studies.\\n2-3. Keep up with dinosaur discoveries.\\nNew species are frequently unearthed, and technological leaps yield more and more information about fossils. Stay up to date with dinosaur news, from research into biomechanics, or how dinos moved, to the latest discoveries that link avian dinosaurs to modern birds.\\nSee the American Museum of Natural History’s dinosaur discoveries page at https://www.amnh.org/explore/science-topics/dinosaur-discoveries.\\n2-4. Visit natural history museums with dinosaur exhibits.\\nSeeing a reconstructed dinosaur skeleton is a breathtaking moment for any dino lover. Search online for “dinosaur museum exhibitions” or “natural history museum” near your location. Check to see if exhibitions are permanent or temporary, and if tickets should be purchased ahead of time.\\nFor major natural history museums, try to buy passes in advance to avoid long lines. If you’re a student, ask your parents to take you, or talk to your science teacher about a school field trip.\\nIf you can’t get to a major museum in person, you can still find a treasure trove of information on museum websites.\\n2-5. Take a trip to a fossil park.\\nDigging for your own fossils can give you a sense of what it’s like to be a paleontologist. Fossil parks are locations where fossils are frequently found; look online for one in your area. At many sites, you can dig up and bring home the specimens you find.\\nRemoving fossils from the site isn’t allowed at some fossil parks. Be sure to check the rules before bringing anything home. It’s illegal, for example, to remove a fossil from a U.S. National Park Service site.\\nIn the United States, find the nearest fossil park at https://www.myfossil.org/fossil-parks.\\n3. Becoming a Paleontologist\\n3-1. Join a fossil club or paleontology organization.\\nA local fossil club or national paleontology organization, which you can search for online, can put you in touch with other dino buffs. Through your club or organization, you can find classes, conferences, and workshops on paleontological fieldwork.\\nUnlike most other scientific disciplines, amateur paleontologists make major contributions to the field. Jack Horner, for example, never earned a degree in paleontology. If you learn how to identify and collect fossils, you might end up discovering a new species of dinosaur!\\n3-2. Volunteer at a museum to gain firsthand knowledge.\\nSign up to be a tour guide or docent, and get to know the paleontologists on the museum’s staff. Pick their brains about the field, ask them how they became professional paleontologists, and get tips on finding and digging up fossils.\\nVolunteering is a great way to get free access to a museum’s resources. Try not to be shy about approaching a museum professional. They’re passionate about their field, and they’ll most likely be eager to share their knowledge with you.\\n3-3. Ask an experienced paleontologist to be your mentor.\\nAttending workshops and joining a club or organization can put you in touch with more experienced paleontologists. Try asking one if you can join them on a dig or if they could help you learn more about collecting fossils. Your fossil club might also organize digs lead by an experienced paleontologist.\\nFor example, suppose you join a fossil club and attend a workshop on proper excavation techniques. Chat with the workshop leader afterward, and ask questions about their lesson.\\nReaching out to a potential mentor can be intimidating, but do your best not to be shy. Just relax and express your interest in learning more about paleontology. They'll probably be excited to share their knowledge with you!\\nIf you pursue a degree in paleontology, you'll choose a professor to be your mentor and thesis adviser.\\n3-4. Get a degree in paleontology if you want to be a professional.\\nWhile you don’t need a degree to be an amateur paleontologist, you’ll need one if you want to gain employment. Professional field paleontologists and those that work in museums usually have to have a master’s degree. A doctorate is usually required for academic paleontologists.\\nYou don’t necessarily need a bachelor’s degree in paleontology, which isn’t a common undergraduate degree program. You could earn your degree in archaeology, geology or biology, then apply to graduate programs in paleontology or paleobiology.\\nTips\\nKnowing how fossils are dated will certainly come in handy as you learn more.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If dinosaurs have captured your imagination and you want to learn more about them, you’re in luck. Reading books, watching documentaries, visiting museums, and joining fossil clubs are just a few ways of building your knowledge. Learn about the different types of dinosaurs, how they lived, and how scientists study them. To dig even deeper, study field techniques, learn how to identify and collect fossils, and become a paleontologist, or a scientist who studies the history of life on Earth.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning Basic Dinosaur Facts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out what makes dinosaurs different from other reptiles.\", \"描述\": \"Look for books and documentaries about dinosaur anatomy to learn more about the physical traits that made them unique. Reconstructed skeletons, models, and even toys can also help you see how dinosaurs were different from other reptiles. What set dinosaurs apart were their hips, which allowed them to stand upright with their legs directly under their bodies.\\nEven dinosaurs that walked on all fours stood with their legs directly under their bodies. This upward stance allowed dinosaurs to move faster and with more endurance than other reptiles.\\nOther prehistoric reptiles, such as the flying pterosaurs and aquatic plesiosaurs, didn’t have this feature, so they weren't dinosaurs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study the various types of dinosaurs.\", \"描述\": \"To learn more about different dinosaur families, look for a dinosaur encyclopedia at the library or bookstore. You can also search online for “types of dinosaurs” or “dinosaur orders and suborders.” You might recognize well-known families such as long-necked or plated dinosaurs; each group has a special scientific name:\\n\\n (sawr-oh-POH-dah-more-fah), or sauropods, walked on all fours, had long necks and tails, and were the largest animals to ever walk on land.\\n (thye-ree-OFF-or-ah), were armored dinosaurs that walked on 4 legs. This group includes (ang-kye-luh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the tank-like, club-tailed dinosaurs, and (steg-oh-SAWR-ih-ah), or the well-known spike-tailed, plated dinosaurs.\\n (sair-uh-TOP-see-ah), or ceratopsians, walked on all fours and had horns, ridges, and bony frills sprouting from their heads and faces.\\n (pak-ee-sef-uh-lo-SAWR-ee-uh), or pachycephalosaurs, were herbivores, walked on 2 legs, and had thick, helmet-like skulls. Some dinosaurs in this group had skulls 9 in (23 cm) thick!\\n (or-nith-uh-PODE-ah), or ornithopods, were beaked herbivores that mainly walked and ran on 2 feet. They’re commonly known as duck-billed dinosaurs.\\n (thair-uh-PODE-ah), or therapods, walked on 2 legs and were carnivores. This group includes numerous families, from the massive Tyrannosaurus to avian dinosaurs, or the ancestors of modern birds.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Memorize the names of dinosaurs from each group.\", \"描述\": \"There are over 700 different kinds of dinosaurs, and it’s tough to remember them all. Look up species in a dinosaur encyclopedia and make flashcards to memorize as many as you can. Write the name of a dinosaur on one side then, on the back, write its type, whether it ate meat or plants, and when it lived.\\nDinosaurs often get their names from Latin or Greek words, and it’s helpful to include each name’s meaning on your flashcard. The word dinosaur, for example, comes from the Ancient Greek words deinos, or “terrible,” and sauros, or “lizard.”\\nTo make a flashcard, write “Triceratops” on one side, then write “Ceratopsia, herbivore, late Cretaceous period, ‘Three-horned face.’ on the other.” You could also draw or print out a picture of each dinosaur and paste it on the side with its name.\\nIn addition to well-known dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus Rex, Triceratops, and Stegosaurus, try to memorize lesser-known species. Examples include the sauropod Mamenchisaurus (mah-MEN-chi-SAWR-us), the ceratopsian Styracosaurus (stih-RAK-uh-SAWR-us), and the carnivorous Carcharodontosaurus (kar-kar-o-DON-tuh-SAWR-us).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build your understanding of the geologic time scale.\", \"描述\": \"Head to your local library and check out a book about geologic time; a geology textbook would be a great source. You may have already heard the term Jurassic, which is a geologic period of time. It was part of the Mesozoic Era, or the span of time during which dinosaurs roamed the Earth.\\nThe Mesozoic Era lasted from 252 to 66 million years ago, or for about 186 million years. In contrast, Homo sapiens, or modern humans, have only been around for about 300,000 years!\\nThe Mesozoic Era is divided into 3 periods: the Triassic, the Jurassic, and the Cretaceous. All non-avian (non-bird) dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous about 66 million years ago.\\nModern birds are the descendants of avian dinosaurs, so it’s fair to say that some dinosaurs still walk the Earth!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn how paleontologists study dinosaurs.\", \"描述\": \"Fossilized skeletons, footprints, nest sites, and skin imprints help paleontologists understand what dinosaurs looked like and how they lived. Read books and watch documentaries about fossils to learn how they're formed. Additionally, look for memoirs, diaries, and blogs by paleontologists to better understand the work they do.\\nCheck out blog posts and podcasts about fieldwork created by reputable paleontologists at http://www.pasttime.org.\\nFossils form when bones, shells, and other organic materials gradually decay and form a mold. Over time, minerals fill this mold, replace the organic material, and form rocks in the shape of the bone or shell. This process is called fossilization.\\nFossils tell us all about the anatomy of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. They also help paleontologists understand dinosaur behavior. For example, by examining fossilized footprints, paleontologists can infer how dinosaurs moved, determine whether they lived in groups, and figure out how different species interacted.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Digging Deeper with Educational Resources\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Watch recent dinosaur documentaries.\", \"描述\": \"Find documentaries on streaming services, educational television channels, and museum websites. You could also check your local library for documentaries on DVD. For the most up to date information, go for documentaries that are no more than 4 or 5 years old.\\nThe American Museum of Natural History is packed with educational resources. Find videos, articles, and more at https://www.amnh.org/dinosaurs.\\nA documentary from 1995 or 2000 collecting dust on your library’s shelves might be fun to watch, but paleontologists have made significant dinosaur discoveries since then. If you do come across an old documentary, draw contrasts between what we knew then and our knowledge of dinosaurs today.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read scientific books about dinosaurs.\", \"描述\": \"If you want more detailed information about dinosaurs, head to the library or purchase your own copies of scientific books. There are tons of excellent, informative books and encyclopedias for readers of all ages. A few good choices include:\\n\\nDinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages by Dr. Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. is a great source for kids and adults alike.\\nDigging Dinosaurs: The Search That Unraveled the Mystery of Baby Dinosaurs by John R. “Jack” Horner is the memoir of one the most widely respected paleontologists. Horner is famous for discovering that many dinosaurs nested and cared for their young.\\nThe Dinosauria, edited by David Weishampel, Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska, is an authoritative reference text and a must-have if you’re serious about your dino-studies.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep up with dinosaur discoveries.\", \"描述\": \"New species are frequently unearthed, and technological leaps yield more and more information about fossils. Stay up to date with dinosaur news, from research into biomechanics, or how dinos moved, to the latest discoveries that link avian dinosaurs to modern birds.\\nSee the American Museum of Natural History’s dinosaur discoveries page at https://www.amnh.org/explore/science-topics/dinosaur-discoveries.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Visit natural history museums with dinosaur exhibits.\", \"描述\": \"Seeing a reconstructed dinosaur skeleton is a breathtaking moment for any dino lover. Search online for “dinosaur museum exhibitions” or “natural history museum” near your location. Check to see if exhibitions are permanent or temporary, and if tickets should be purchased ahead of time.\\nFor major natural history museums, try to buy passes in advance to avoid long lines. If you’re a student, ask your parents to take you, or talk to your science teacher about a school field trip.\\nIf you can’t get to a major museum in person, you can still find a treasure trove of information on museum websites.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take a trip to a fossil park.\", \"描述\": \"Digging for your own fossils can give you a sense of what it’s like to be a paleontologist. Fossil parks are locations where fossils are frequently found; look online for one in your area. At many sites, you can dig up and bring home the specimens you find.\\nRemoving fossils from the site isn’t allowed at some fossil parks. Be sure to check the rules before bringing anything home. It’s illegal, for example, to remove a fossil from a U.S. National Park Service site.\\nIn the United States, find the nearest fossil park at https://www.myfossil.org/fossil-parks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Paleontologist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a fossil club or paleontology organization.\", \"描述\": \"A local fossil club or national paleontology organization, which you can search for online, can put you in touch with other dino buffs. Through your club or organization, you can find classes, conferences, and workshops on paleontological fieldwork.\\nUnlike most other scientific disciplines, amateur paleontologists make major contributions to the field. Jack Horner, for example, never earned a degree in paleontology. If you learn how to identify and collect fossils, you might end up discovering a new species of dinosaur!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer at a museum to gain firsthand knowledge.\", \"描述\": \"Sign up to be a tour guide or docent, and get to know the paleontologists on the museum’s staff. Pick their brains about the field, ask them how they became professional paleontologists, and get tips on finding and digging up fossils.\\nVolunteering is a great way to get free access to a museum’s resources. Try not to be shy about approaching a museum professional. They’re passionate about their field, and they’ll most likely be eager to share their knowledge with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask an experienced paleontologist to be your mentor.\", \"描述\": \"Attending workshops and joining a club or organization can put you in touch with more experienced paleontologists. Try asking one if you can join them on a dig or if they could help you learn more about collecting fossils. Your fossil club might also organize digs lead by an experienced paleontologist.\\nFor example, suppose you join a fossil club and attend a workshop on proper excavation techniques. Chat with the workshop leader afterward, and ask questions about their lesson.\\nReaching out to a potential mentor can be intimidating, but do your best not to be shy. Just relax and express your interest in learning more about paleontology. They'll probably be excited to share their knowledge with you!\\nIf you pursue a degree in paleontology, you'll choose a professor to be your mentor and thesis adviser.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a degree in paleontology if you want to be a professional.\", \"描述\": \"While you don’t need a degree to be an amateur paleontologist, you’ll need one if you want to gain employment. Professional field paleontologists and those that work in museums usually have to have a master’s degree. A doctorate is usually required for academic paleontologists.\\nYou don’t necessarily need a bachelor’s degree in paleontology, which isn’t a common undergraduate degree program. You could earn your degree in archaeology, geology or biology, then apply to graduate programs in paleontology or paleobiology.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Knowing how fossils are dated will certainly come in handy as you learn more.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,998 |
How to Become an Extra in a Movie
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1. Applying to Be an Extra
1-1. Reply to casting calls with your current photographs and information.
The simplest way to apply to a casting call is to reply to the email address included in the listing. Typically, you’ll need to email a photograph of your head and shoulders and another of your full body. Additionally, you’ll need to include your contact info, age, height, weight, and measurements.
The photographs don’t need to be professional or fancy. They just need to be current and show what you look like. Listings may also ask for a profile shot, or a photograph of your face or body from the side.
Be sure to carefully follow a casting call’s specific instructions. For example, if the casting call says “Please respond with the subject line ‘Extras Casting,’” use that as your subject line. Directors want extras who can follow instructions.
1-2. Register with multiple agencies for the best shot at landing a gig.
Find “Register” links on casting agencies’ websites. Upload your photographs and fill out the registration form, which will ask for details including your contact information, age, height, weight, and measurements. Register with as many agencies as possible to maximize your chances of getting booked.
Usually, extras aren’t absolutely required to register with casting agencies. However, if you’re registered, your info will come up when casting agents and directors look up people who match the background roles they need.
Beware of agencies that ask you to pay up front to register. Registration should be free, but the agency may take a 10% cut of your earnings.
1-3. Research casting notices and agencies to avoid scams.
If something sounds too good to be true, chances are it’s a scam. Search online for agency names, production companies, and other details included in casting calls to make sure they’re legitimate. If a listing provides a phone number, call it and ask for more information.
Steer clear of casting calls and agencies that make outrageous promises, like “Earn $400 in a day!” or “I can make you a star!”
Typos and spelling and grammar errors are also red flags.
Be especially careful about casting calls posted on Craigslist.
1-4. Clear your schedule if you’re booked.
Having a flexible schedule is helpful if you want to be an extra. A call for extras may include a specific shoot date or times but, more often than not, details change last minute. If you’re booked, you might get a call asking you to show up on set at 7 a.m. the next morning.
Additionally, you never know how long a shoot will last. Even if you’re told you’ll only be filming for a couple of hours, clear your schedule for the entire day.
Don't apply to a casting call unless you know you can be there and stay for the duration of the shoot.
2. Finding Casting Calls
2-1. Look for casting calls posted directly by films.
Search online for productions currently shooting in your area, and see if they have websites or social media pages. Occasionally, casting directors also post calls on Craigslist, but you should research any names or agencies included in the ad to make sure it’s not a scam.
If the ad lists a phone number, call it and ask for more information. Steer clear of ads that ask you to pay an upfront fee or guarantees that you’ll get the gig.
You can also search for local casting calls on entertainment industry job listing sites. For instance, if you live in the U.S., check out https://www.backstage.com/casting/open-casting-calls/extras-casting.
2-2. Check for casting notices on agencies’ social media pages.
Search online for “casting agencies” and your location, then find links to social media pages on agencies' websites. Sign up for alerts or check the pages for casting calls at least once a day.
The sooner you apply to a call, the better your chances of landing the gig.
Central Casting is the biggest background actor casting agency in the United States; Casting Collective is the largest in the United Kingdom. If you live near a big city or major movie market, you should also be able to find several reputable local casting agencies.
2-3. See if your city, state, or province has a local film office.
Areas where movies are frequently filmed often have government entertainment offices or commissions. Search for “film office” plus your city, state, or province, and check their website for directories of films currently in production, casting agencies, and casting calls.
Examples of film offices include the California Film Commission, the Georgia Film Office, and the Ontario Film Commission.
2-4. Search for extra roles that match your look.
A standard casting call specifies details such as an age range, gender, ethnicity, and body type. Whether you search casting agencies’ social media pages or your local newspaper, make sure you fit a role’s description before you apply.
Film and television productions aren’t looking for just one type of look. They need people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and body types. Often enough, looking the part is all it takes to become an extra.
3. Succeeding on Set
3-1. Bring all required documents to the set.
In order to be paid, you’ll need to bring the documents required by your federal or local labor laws. In the U.S., you need to fill out an I9 form and provide either a passport or 2 forms of ID. If you don’t have a passport, bring a government-issued photo ID, such as your driver’s license, along with your Social Security card or birth certificate.
If you’re a minor, a parent or legal guardian will also need to accompany you on set and sign a release. Keep in mind you may also need to provide a work permit issued by your local department of labor.
3-2. Arrive at least 30 minutes before your call time.
In the film world, the saying, “early is on time, on time is late, and late is unacceptable” is definitely true. Arrive early to find your way around the location and make a good first impression.
You should receive instructions on parking and checking in when you’re booked. As soon as you arrive on set, check in with the designated member of the crew, such as the assistant director, a production assistant, or an “extras wrangler.”
Never arrive late to a set. It's unprofessional, and it’ll guarantee that you won’t get called back if a local production needs extras in the future.
3-3. Show up with the correct wardrobe, hair, and makeup.
Before you arrive, you’ll likely be told what to wear, how to style your hair, and how to do your makeup, if the company isn’t providing it for you. For longer shoots, you may need to bring multiple outfits. If so, pack them in a garment bag along with the right shoes and accessories to keep them clean and organized.
If you’re filming a period piece, the crew might do your wardrobe, hair, and makeup.
Try to look polished or fit the role’s description to the best of your ability. The better you look, the better your placement in the scene will be.
3-4. Follow all cues and instructions carefully.
Make sure you clearly understand what a production assistant or assistant director instructs you to do in the scene. Listen for cues such as “Action,” “Background action,” “Cut,” and “Quiet on the set,” and always do as you’re told.
The most important things about being an extra are looking the part, blending in, and following instructions. If you take direction well, the agency or production will be more likely to call you back in the future.
3-5. Blend in instead of calling attention to yourself.
Extras make up the background of a scene, so don’t try to steal the show. Directors will be more impressed if you follow directions and play your part correctly. Do exactly as you’re instructed, don’t improvise, and don’t try to divert attention away from the main actors.
Even if you think adding an extra step or smile would make the scene better, don’t do it.
Never look at the camera directly or speak when the cameras are rolling, unless the director specifically asks.
3-6. Act professionally at all times.
Take the opportunity seriously, and remember that being an extra is a job. If you want to work as an extra in the future, you don’t want to burn any bridges by behaving poorly on set. Be respectful of the crew and actors, and keep your cool instead of becoming starstruck.
As you're on set, you can speak with other workers and actors. If you want to have an acting career, you should plan on networking while you're on the job. Do so in a professional manner.
Taking pictures is forbidden and cameras will be confiscated. That means no selfies, either! They may also ask you to keep your phone in your car or a bag at all times.
Tips
Keep in mind you'll need to do a little more work if you want launch an acting career. You’ll need to invest in professional headshots, create a portfolio, sign with a certified agent, and attend auditions. It’s also wise to take acting classes to refine your craft.[17]
X
Expert Source
Lesly Kahn, MFAActing Teacher & Coach
Expert Interview. 12 May 2020.
If you want regular work, choose your extra roles wisely. If you apply for a prominently featured extra role, the production can’t use you for a different role the next time they shoot a big scene.[18]
X
Research source
Meals are often included, but you may be on set for several hours before food is served. Pack some snacks or eat before you go, as you won't be permitted to leave for lunch and then come back.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying to Be an Extra\\n1-1. Reply to casting calls with your current photographs and information.\\nThe simplest way to apply to a casting call is to reply to the email address included in the listing. Typically, you’ll need to email a photograph of your head and shoulders and another of your full body. Additionally, you’ll need to include your contact info, age, height, weight, and measurements.\\nThe photographs don’t need to be professional or fancy. They just need to be current and show what you look like. Listings may also ask for a profile shot, or a photograph of your face or body from the side.\\nBe sure to carefully follow a casting call’s specific instructions. For example, if the casting call says “Please respond with the subject line ‘Extras Casting,’” use that as your subject line. Directors want extras who can follow instructions.\\n1-2. Register with multiple agencies for the best shot at landing a gig.\\nFind “Register” links on casting agencies’ websites. Upload your photographs and fill out the registration form, which will ask for details including your contact information, age, height, weight, and measurements. Register with as many agencies as possible to maximize your chances of getting booked.\\nUsually, extras aren’t absolutely required to register with casting agencies. However, if you’re registered, your info will come up when casting agents and directors look up people who match the background roles they need.\\nBeware of agencies that ask you to pay up front to register. Registration should be free, but the agency may take a 10% cut of your earnings.\\n1-3. Research casting notices and agencies to avoid scams.\\nIf something sounds too good to be true, chances are it’s a scam. Search online for agency names, production companies, and other details included in casting calls to make sure they’re legitimate. If a listing provides a phone number, call it and ask for more information.\\nSteer clear of casting calls and agencies that make outrageous promises, like “Earn $400 in a day!” or “I can make you a star!”\\nTypos and spelling and grammar errors are also red flags.\\nBe especially careful about casting calls posted on Craigslist.\\n1-4. Clear your schedule if you’re booked.\\nHaving a flexible schedule is helpful if you want to be an extra. A call for extras may include a specific shoot date or times but, more often than not, details change last minute. If you’re booked, you might get a call asking you to show up on set at 7 a.m. the next morning.\\nAdditionally, you never know how long a shoot will last. Even if you’re told you’ll only be filming for a couple of hours, clear your schedule for the entire day.\\nDon't apply to a casting call unless you know you can be there and stay for the duration of the shoot.\\n2. Finding Casting Calls\\n2-1. Look for casting calls posted directly by films.\\nSearch online for productions currently shooting in your area, and see if they have websites or social media pages. Occasionally, casting directors also post calls on Craigslist, but you should research any names or agencies included in the ad to make sure it’s not a scam.\\nIf the ad lists a phone number, call it and ask for more information. Steer clear of ads that ask you to pay an upfront fee or guarantees that you’ll get the gig.\\nYou can also search for local casting calls on entertainment industry job listing sites. For instance, if you live in the U.S., check out https://www.backstage.com/casting/open-casting-calls/extras-casting.\\n2-2. Check for casting notices on agencies’ social media pages.\\nSearch online for “casting agencies” and your location, then find links to social media pages on agencies' websites. Sign up for alerts or check the pages for casting calls at least once a day.\\nThe sooner you apply to a call, the better your chances of landing the gig.\\nCentral Casting is the biggest background actor casting agency in the United States; Casting Collective is the largest in the United Kingdom. If you live near a big city or major movie market, you should also be able to find several reputable local casting agencies.\\n2-3. See if your city, state, or province has a local film office.\\nAreas where movies are frequently filmed often have government entertainment offices or commissions. Search for “film office” plus your city, state, or province, and check their website for directories of films currently in production, casting agencies, and casting calls.\\nExamples of film offices include the California Film Commission, the Georgia Film Office, and the Ontario Film Commission.\\n2-4. Search for extra roles that match your look.\\nA standard casting call specifies details such as an age range, gender, ethnicity, and body type. Whether you search casting agencies’ social media pages or your local newspaper, make sure you fit a role’s description before you apply.\\nFilm and television productions aren’t looking for just one type of look. They need people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and body types. Often enough, looking the part is all it takes to become an extra.\\n3. Succeeding on Set\\n3-1. Bring all required documents to the set.\\nIn order to be paid, you’ll need to bring the documents required by your federal or local labor laws. In the U.S., you need to fill out an I9 form and provide either a passport or 2 forms of ID. If you don’t have a passport, bring a government-issued photo ID, such as your driver’s license, along with your Social Security card or birth certificate.\\nIf you’re a minor, a parent or legal guardian will also need to accompany you on set and sign a release. Keep in mind you may also need to provide a work permit issued by your local department of labor.\\n3-2. Arrive at least 30 minutes before your call time.\\nIn the film world, the saying, “early is on time, on time is late, and late is unacceptable” is definitely true. Arrive early to find your way around the location and make a good first impression.\\nYou should receive instructions on parking and checking in when you’re booked. As soon as you arrive on set, check in with the designated member of the crew, such as the assistant director, a production assistant, or an “extras wrangler.”\\nNever arrive late to a set. It's unprofessional, and it’ll guarantee that you won’t get called back if a local production needs extras in the future.\\n3-3. Show up with the correct wardrobe, hair, and makeup.\\nBefore you arrive, you’ll likely be told what to wear, how to style your hair, and how to do your makeup, if the company isn’t providing it for you. For longer shoots, you may need to bring multiple outfits. If so, pack them in a garment bag along with the right shoes and accessories to keep them clean and organized.\\nIf you’re filming a period piece, the crew might do your wardrobe, hair, and makeup.\\nTry to look polished or fit the role’s description to the best of your ability. The better you look, the better your placement in the scene will be.\\n3-4. Follow all cues and instructions carefully.\\nMake sure you clearly understand what a production assistant or assistant director instructs you to do in the scene. Listen for cues such as “Action,” “Background action,” “Cut,” and “Quiet on the set,” and always do as you’re told.\\nThe most important things about being an extra are looking the part, blending in, and following instructions. If you take direction well, the agency or production will be more likely to call you back in the future.\\n3-5. Blend in instead of calling attention to yourself.\\nExtras make up the background of a scene, so don’t try to steal the show. Directors will be more impressed if you follow directions and play your part correctly. Do exactly as you’re instructed, don’t improvise, and don’t try to divert attention away from the main actors.\\nEven if you think adding an extra step or smile would make the scene better, don’t do it.\\nNever look at the camera directly or speak when the cameras are rolling, unless the director specifically asks.\\n3-6. Act professionally at all times.\\nTake the opportunity seriously, and remember that being an extra is a job. If you want to work as an extra in the future, you don’t want to burn any bridges by behaving poorly on set. Be respectful of the crew and actors, and keep your cool instead of becoming starstruck.\\nAs you're on set, you can speak with other workers and actors. If you want to have an acting career, you should plan on networking while you're on the job. Do so in a professional manner.\\nTaking pictures is forbidden and cameras will be confiscated. That means no selfies, either! They may also ask you to keep your phone in your car or a bag at all times.\\nTips\\nKeep in mind you'll need to do a little more work if you want launch an acting career. You’ll need to invest in professional headshots, create a portfolio, sign with a certified agent, and attend auditions. It’s also wise to take acting classes to refine your craft.[17]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nLesly Kahn, MFAActing Teacher & Coach\\nExpert Interview. 12 May 2020.\\nIf you want regular work, choose your extra roles wisely. If you apply for a prominently featured extra role, the production can’t use you for a different role the next time they shoot a big scene.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nMeals are often included, but you may be on set for several hours before food is served. Pack some snacks or eat before you go, as you won't be permitted to leave for lunch and then come back.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re interested in acting, becoming an extra is a great way to gain on-camera experience. Even if you don’t want a career in the entertainment industry, it’s a cool way earn a little extra money. Search online for casting calls, and reply to listings with your photographs and basic information. Often enough, being an extra is as simple as signing up, looking the part, and following directions. If you’re booked, take the opportunity seriously, and be sure to act professionally and respectfully at all times.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying to Be an Extra\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reply to casting calls with your current photographs and information.\", \"描述\": \"The simplest way to apply to a casting call is to reply to the email address included in the listing. Typically, you’ll need to email a photograph of your head and shoulders and another of your full body. Additionally, you’ll need to include your contact info, age, height, weight, and measurements.\\nThe photographs don’t need to be professional or fancy. They just need to be current and show what you look like. Listings may also ask for a profile shot, or a photograph of your face or body from the side.\\nBe sure to carefully follow a casting call’s specific instructions. For example, if the casting call says “Please respond with the subject line ‘Extras Casting,’” use that as your subject line. Directors want extras who can follow instructions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Register with multiple agencies for the best shot at landing a gig.\", \"描述\": \"Find “Register” links on casting agencies’ websites. Upload your photographs and fill out the registration form, which will ask for details including your contact information, age, height, weight, and measurements. Register with as many agencies as possible to maximize your chances of getting booked.\\nUsually, extras aren’t absolutely required to register with casting agencies. However, if you’re registered, your info will come up when casting agents and directors look up people who match the background roles they need.\\nBeware of agencies that ask you to pay up front to register. Registration should be free, but the agency may take a 10% cut of your earnings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research casting notices and agencies to avoid scams.\", \"描述\": \"If something sounds too good to be true, chances are it’s a scam. Search online for agency names, production companies, and other details included in casting calls to make sure they’re legitimate. If a listing provides a phone number, call it and ask for more information.\\nSteer clear of casting calls and agencies that make outrageous promises, like “Earn $400 in a day!” or “I can make you a star!”\\nTypos and spelling and grammar errors are also red flags.\\nBe especially careful about casting calls posted on Craigslist.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Clear your schedule if you’re booked.\", \"描述\": \"Having a flexible schedule is helpful if you want to be an extra. A call for extras may include a specific shoot date or times but, more often than not, details change last minute. If you’re booked, you might get a call asking you to show up on set at 7 a.m. the next morning.\\nAdditionally, you never know how long a shoot will last. Even if you’re told you’ll only be filming for a couple of hours, clear your schedule for the entire day.\\nDon't apply to a casting call unless you know you can be there and stay for the duration of the shoot.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding Casting Calls\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for casting calls posted directly by films.\", \"描述\": \"Search online for productions currently shooting in your area, and see if they have websites or social media pages. Occasionally, casting directors also post calls on Craigslist, but you should research any names or agencies included in the ad to make sure it’s not a scam.\\nIf the ad lists a phone number, call it and ask for more information. Steer clear of ads that ask you to pay an upfront fee or guarantees that you’ll get the gig.\\nYou can also search for local casting calls on entertainment industry job listing sites. For instance, if you live in the U.S., check out https://www.backstage.com/casting/open-casting-calls/extras-casting.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check for casting notices on agencies’ social media pages.\", \"描述\": \"Search online for “casting agencies” and your location, then find links to social media pages on agencies' websites. Sign up for alerts or check the pages for casting calls at least once a day.\\nThe sooner you apply to a call, the better your chances of landing the gig.\\nCentral Casting is the biggest background actor casting agency in the United States; Casting Collective is the largest in the United Kingdom. If you live near a big city or major movie market, you should also be able to find several reputable local casting agencies.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"See if your city, state, or province has a local film office.\", \"描述\": \"Areas where movies are frequently filmed often have government entertainment offices or commissions. Search for “film office” plus your city, state, or province, and check their website for directories of films currently in production, casting agencies, and casting calls.\\nExamples of film offices include the California Film Commission, the Georgia Film Office, and the Ontario Film Commission.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Search for extra roles that match your look.\", \"描述\": \"A standard casting call specifies details such as an age range, gender, ethnicity, and body type. Whether you search casting agencies’ social media pages or your local newspaper, make sure you fit a role’s description before you apply.\\nFilm and television productions aren’t looking for just one type of look. They need people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and body types. Often enough, looking the part is all it takes to become an extra.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Succeeding on Set\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bring all required documents to the set.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be paid, you’ll need to bring the documents required by your federal or local labor laws. In the U.S., you need to fill out an I9 form and provide either a passport or 2 forms of ID. If you don’t have a passport, bring a government-issued photo ID, such as your driver’s license, along with your Social Security card or birth certificate.\\nIf you’re a minor, a parent or legal guardian will also need to accompany you on set and sign a release. Keep in mind you may also need to provide a work permit issued by your local department of labor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Arrive at least 30 minutes before your call time.\", \"描述\": \"In the film world, the saying, “early is on time, on time is late, and late is unacceptable” is definitely true. Arrive early to find your way around the location and make a good first impression.\\nYou should receive instructions on parking and checking in when you’re booked. As soon as you arrive on set, check in with the designated member of the crew, such as the assistant director, a production assistant, or an “extras wrangler.”\\nNever arrive late to a set. It's unprofessional, and it’ll guarantee that you won’t get called back if a local production needs extras in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Show up with the correct wardrobe, hair, and makeup.\", \"描述\": \"Before you arrive, you’ll likely be told what to wear, how to style your hair, and how to do your makeup, if the company isn’t providing it for you. For longer shoots, you may need to bring multiple outfits. If so, pack them in a garment bag along with the right shoes and accessories to keep them clean and organized.\\nIf you’re filming a period piece, the crew might do your wardrobe, hair, and makeup.\\nTry to look polished or fit the role’s description to the best of your ability. The better you look, the better your placement in the scene will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Follow all cues and instructions carefully.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you clearly understand what a production assistant or assistant director instructs you to do in the scene. Listen for cues such as “Action,” “Background action,” “Cut,” and “Quiet on the set,” and always do as you’re told.\\nThe most important things about being an extra are looking the part, blending in, and following instructions. If you take direction well, the agency or production will be more likely to call you back in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Blend in instead of calling attention to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Extras make up the background of a scene, so don’t try to steal the show. Directors will be more impressed if you follow directions and play your part correctly. Do exactly as you’re instructed, don’t improvise, and don’t try to divert attention away from the main actors.\\nEven if you think adding an extra step or smile would make the scene better, don’t do it.\\nNever look at the camera directly or speak when the cameras are rolling, unless the director specifically asks.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Act professionally at all times.\", \"描述\": \"Take the opportunity seriously, and remember that being an extra is a job. If you want to work as an extra in the future, you don’t want to burn any bridges by behaving poorly on set. Be respectful of the crew and actors, and keep your cool instead of becoming starstruck.\\nAs you're on set, you can speak with other workers and actors. If you want to have an acting career, you should plan on networking while you're on the job. Do so in a professional manner.\\nTaking pictures is forbidden and cameras will be confiscated. That means no selfies, either! They may also ask you to keep your phone in your car or a bag at all times.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep in mind you'll need to do a little more work if you want launch an acting career. You’ll need to invest in professional headshots, create a portfolio, sign with a certified agent, and attend auditions. It’s also wise to take acting classes to refine your craft.[17]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nLesly Kahn, MFAActing Teacher & Coach\\nExpert Interview. 12 May 2020.\\n\", \"If you want regular work, choose your extra roles wisely. If you apply for a prominently featured extra role, the production can’t use you for a different role the next time they shoot a big scene.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Meals are often included, but you may be on set for several hours before food is served. Pack some snacks or eat before you go, as you won't be permitted to leave for lunch and then come back.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,999 |
How to Become an Extreme Coupon Shopper
|
1. Finding Coupons
1-1. Subscribe to the Sunday newspaper.
The Sunday paper is the traditional go-to place for coupons, since it tends to have several coupon inserts.
When you're just getting started, you might be happy with one copy, but true extreme couponing requires more than one copy of each coupon. Most extreme couponers need at least four copies of the newspaper, so to avoid purchasing so many papers, ask neighbors, friends, or family for their inserts if they will not use them.
Another way to get extra inserts is to check coffee shops. People often leave newspapers there when they are finished reading them, and not many people take the coupon inserts.
Don't be afraid to go dumpster diving for inserts. In some areas, stores recycle their unsold papers with inserts, so check recycling bins outside of places like Starbucks on Monday mornings. Sometimes the newspaper itself does not use all the inserts and throws away many copies. Serious couponers know that the newspaper office dumpster can be a goldmine on Sundays.
1-2. Look for printable coupons online.
Sites offer many manufacturer coupons that you can print out at home. You can choose which ones you want and only print the ones you will use.
Some popular coupon sites include www.coupon.com, www.redplum.com, or www.smartsource.com.
If there is a certain product you need a coupon for, try doing a Google image search for the product name plus the word coupon (for example, "toothbrush coupon") or a more specific search if you want a certain brand or type.
You can also check manufacturer websites, sign up for emails from companies and manufacturers, and check retailer websites for current coupons.
You can even find coupons on wikiHow! Check out our coupon site for all sorts of great deals.
1-3. Purchase coupons.
If you know you are definitely going to make use of a coupon, buying it for less than its face value can be a good way to save money.
You can purchase copies of coupons at online at sites like The Coupon Clippers or eBay. You can buy single coupons or whole newspaper inserts.
You can also check your local Craigslist or Freecycle website for people selling or giving away coupons. Be sure that if you do buy coupons from a stranger, you meet up with them in a public, well-lit place like a local grocery store or bank. Never give them your home address and never meet up after dark or in a secluded location.
1-4. Check your grocery stores for store coupons.
Many grocery stores are learning the value of offering small discounts on products and have begun to offer coupons in the store itself.
Many stores have devices that give out in-store coupons in the aisles or next to product displays. Some stores also have their own coupon booklets.
Some stores print out coupons on the back of or in addition to your receipt at check-out. In this case, of course, you'll have to use the coupons at your next visit.
2. Organizing Your Coupons
2-1. Make a coupon binder to hold all your coupons.
Using a binder will allow you to easily see all your coupons and when they expire. It is very portable and can be easily taken with you in the grocery store.
One popular way to organize coupons is to use baseball card sheets in your binder. These clear plastic sheets have openings sized just right so you can slip the coupons in and out easily.
2-2. Group your coupons for easy access.
You can group your coupons any way you wish within the binder, but finding a way that works for you is key to a manageable extreme couponing experience.
Some coupons make sense to organize by store. If your coupon is only good at a particular retailer, it makes sense to group it with other coupons for that retailer so that you don't forget to use it while you're there.
Most other coupons make sense to organize by type: dairy, produce, meat and snacks for example. If you're very organized, you can then organize the sheets themselves based on the path you walk through the grocery store (shelf-stable foods and households goods first, then produce, then refrigerated and frozen goods last).
2-3. Consider other ways to organize within the sheets.
The more organized each sheet of coupons is when you go to the store, the easier it will be to find the products you need, remember what you are combining, and make a successful purchase.
On a given sheet, put coupons you definitely plan to redeem at the top of the page. Organize the rest by expiration date so that you won't forget to use them before they expire.
If you don't know for sure which coupons you will use, file coupons as whole inserts. Instead of clipping coupons and filing them individually, you will file whole inserts together. If you have 4 of the same insert, file them all together. When it is time to use your coupons, you can just clip the ones that you will need.
2-4. Use a spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet can help you organize the coupons you have and the savings you accrue, so you will learn what strategies work best. If you're familiar with Microsoft Excel, using formulas can make the process much simpler.
Some people use spreadsheets to keep track of each individual coupon, but that can be tedious. Instead, aim to track your total savings at each store. Use headings on the spreadsheet such as date, store, total savings, and total spent in the transaction.
Use Excel SUM formulas to total each column as you go. Fill in the amounts after every shopping trip and let Excel do the rest of the work for you. You can visit popular couponing website Krazy Coupon Lady at http://thekrazycouponlady.com/tips/couponing/extreme-couponing-tip-tracking-savings-spreadsheets/ for a free downloadable spreadsheet.
3. Redeeming Your Coupons
3-1. Check your local store policies.
Stores vary in how many coupons they will accept and under what circumstances, so you need to know before you go in and spend a lot of time gathering products. Read the store's website and/or ask the store manager what their policies are regarding coupons.
Many stores will accept up to four identical coupons for a single purchase. For instance, if you have four $1 off Colgate coupons, you can use all four and save $4 on a single tube of toothpaste, which essentially will make the tube free. Still other stores, like Target, will allow one manufacturer coupon and one retailer coupon per item.
Other stores, however, will only allow one coupon. These stores are not the best for extreme couponing as you only get a great deal if you have a very high value coupon.
The best stores for extreme couponing will accept more than one coupon and will also double the value of coupons. This means if the coupon is for $.25 off, they will value it as $ .50 off. If they do double, make sure to find out if there are any limits on doubling, or if they only double on certain days.
3-2. Know what to ask.
Since store policies vary, its important to keep a running list of every store you frequent, along with answers to questions about their specific store policies.
Check to see if the stores offer any kind of discounts for seniors, students, or military.
Ask if they will price match competitors' ad prices and accept a coupon for the item on top of that.
If a store does "BOGO" or buy-one-get-one free sales, ask if you have to buy two products to get the sale price. For instance, some stores will advertise BOGO shredded cheese, but actually you can choose to just buy one bag and get it at 50% off. Other stores require you to buy both bags of cheese to take advantage of the sale. Either policy is good, but the first policy allows you to take advantage of coupons on top of the sale and enjoy a larger percent savings.
3-3. Match up your coupons with store circulars.
In order to maximize your savings, you need to combine sales, promotions, and coupons. For instance, if Target is having a special sale of a particular brand of yogurt for $2 and it is normally $3, you can use your two $1 off coupons and get it for free.
Decide which coupons are worth redeeming. Its not a good deal if you are buying a product you don't need and won't use, unless the item is shelf-stable. Coupons are really only worth redeeming if you would be buying the product regardless, or if the savings will make the product virtually free and you can give it to someone else.
Check your weekly circulars for items that are on sale. Match up the coupons that you have with the items that are on sale. If you have multiples of the coupon, get as many of that item as you can, as long as the item is nonperishable. This will allow you to stock up on items so that you will never have to pay full price for something if you run out. Take advantage of matching sales with coupons at stores that allow you to double coupons.
Look for "buy-one-get-one" deals and use a coupon on that. Some stores will allow you to use a coupon on the 2nd item that is discounted, so you can get even more savings.
3-4. Make your plan.
Depending on the types of coupons that you have gathered and the promotions at stores, you can take a couple of extreme couponing approaches:
Doubling: Some stores will match the value of a coupon, so that you end up saving double the face value of your coupon. This is an especially good strategy if the coupon value is high and the item itself is on sale.
Stacking: Some stores will allow you to use a manufacturer's coupon and a store coupon.
Store-specific policies: Some stores will allow discounts for students, military, or senior citizens. Some will price-match other stores.
3-5. Expect bizarre reactions.
Many extreme couponers experience negative or surprised reactions from sales clerks and other customers when they buy many identical items, and sometimes face resistance to complete the sale.
Sometimes cashiers are unaware of their own store's policy and will refuse to do a transaction. If you have read the store's policy, its a good idea to politely ask to speak to the manager.
Occasionally, even a manager will refuse to allow a transaction that is within the company's policy. In that case, you don't have much recourse except to try another store.
You can mitigate some of these reactions a bit by timing your shopping trip for when the store is very slow (try 8 am on a Tuesday for example), instead of timing it for rush hour or a weekend when your coupon redemption process will hold up the line at check-out.
Tips
Online couponing websites and Facebook groups can give you the heads-up for new coupons and deals that you might not hear about otherwise.
Finding a couponing buddy in your local area can be helpful. You can swap coupons you don't want and divvy up products if you end up with more than you can use.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding Coupons\\n1-1. Subscribe to the Sunday newspaper.\\nThe Sunday paper is the traditional go-to place for coupons, since it tends to have several coupon inserts.\\nWhen you're just getting started, you might be happy with one copy, but true extreme couponing requires more than one copy of each coupon. Most extreme couponers need at least four copies of the newspaper, so to avoid purchasing so many papers, ask neighbors, friends, or family for their inserts if they will not use them.\\nAnother way to get extra inserts is to check coffee shops. People often leave newspapers there when they are finished reading them, and not many people take the coupon inserts.\\nDon't be afraid to go dumpster diving for inserts. In some areas, stores recycle their unsold papers with inserts, so check recycling bins outside of places like Starbucks on Monday mornings. Sometimes the newspaper itself does not use all the inserts and throws away many copies. Serious couponers know that the newspaper office dumpster can be a goldmine on Sundays.\\n1-2. Look for printable coupons online.\\nSites offer many manufacturer coupons that you can print out at home. You can choose which ones you want and only print the ones you will use.\\nSome popular coupon sites include www.coupon.com, www.redplum.com, or www.smartsource.com.\\nIf there is a certain product you need a coupon for, try doing a Google image search for the product name plus the word coupon (for example, \\\"toothbrush coupon\\\") or a more specific search if you want a certain brand or type.\\nYou can also check manufacturer websites, sign up for emails from companies and manufacturers, and check retailer websites for current coupons.\\nYou can even find coupons on wikiHow! Check out our coupon site for all sorts of great deals.\\n1-3. Purchase coupons.\\nIf you know you are definitely going to make use of a coupon, buying it for less than its face value can be a good way to save money. \\nYou can purchase copies of coupons at online at sites like The Coupon Clippers or eBay. You can buy single coupons or whole newspaper inserts.\\nYou can also check your local Craigslist or Freecycle website for people selling or giving away coupons. Be sure that if you do buy coupons from a stranger, you meet up with them in a public, well-lit place like a local grocery store or bank. Never give them your home address and never meet up after dark or in a secluded location.\\n1-4. Check your grocery stores for store coupons.\\nMany grocery stores are learning the value of offering small discounts on products and have begun to offer coupons in the store itself.\\nMany stores have devices that give out in-store coupons in the aisles or next to product displays. Some stores also have their own coupon booklets.\\nSome stores print out coupons on the back of or in addition to your receipt at check-out. In this case, of course, you'll have to use the coupons at your next visit.\\n2. Organizing Your Coupons\\n2-1. Make a coupon binder to hold all your coupons.\\nUsing a binder will allow you to easily see all your coupons and when they expire. It is very portable and can be easily taken with you in the grocery store.\\nOne popular way to organize coupons is to use baseball card sheets in your binder. These clear plastic sheets have openings sized just right so you can slip the coupons in and out easily.\\n2-2. Group your coupons for easy access.\\nYou can group your coupons any way you wish within the binder, but finding a way that works for you is key to a manageable extreme couponing experience.\\nSome coupons make sense to organize by store. If your coupon is only good at a particular retailer, it makes sense to group it with other coupons for that retailer so that you don't forget to use it while you're there.\\nMost other coupons make sense to organize by type: dairy, produce, meat and snacks for example. If you're very organized, you can then organize the sheets themselves based on the path you walk through the grocery store (shelf-stable foods and households goods first, then produce, then refrigerated and frozen goods last).\\n2-3. Consider other ways to organize within the sheets.\\nThe more organized each sheet of coupons is when you go to the store, the easier it will be to find the products you need, remember what you are combining, and make a successful purchase.\\nOn a given sheet, put coupons you definitely plan to redeem at the top of the page. Organize the rest by expiration date so that you won't forget to use them before they expire.\\nIf you don't know for sure which coupons you will use, file coupons as whole inserts. Instead of clipping coupons and filing them individually, you will file whole inserts together. If you have 4 of the same insert, file them all together. When it is time to use your coupons, you can just clip the ones that you will need.\\n2-4. Use a spreadsheet.\\nA spreadsheet can help you organize the coupons you have and the savings you accrue, so you will learn what strategies work best. If you're familiar with Microsoft Excel, using formulas can make the process much simpler.\\nSome people use spreadsheets to keep track of each individual coupon, but that can be tedious. Instead, aim to track your total savings at each store. Use headings on the spreadsheet such as date, store, total savings, and total spent in the transaction.\\nUse Excel SUM formulas to total each column as you go. Fill in the amounts after every shopping trip and let Excel do the rest of the work for you. You can visit popular couponing website Krazy Coupon Lady at http://thekrazycouponlady.com/tips/couponing/extreme-couponing-tip-tracking-savings-spreadsheets/ for a free downloadable spreadsheet.\\n3. Redeeming Your Coupons\\n3-1. Check your local store policies.\\nStores vary in how many coupons they will accept and under what circumstances, so you need to know before you go in and spend a lot of time gathering products. Read the store's website and/or ask the store manager what their policies are regarding coupons. \\nMany stores will accept up to four identical coupons for a single purchase. For instance, if you have four $1 off Colgate coupons, you can use all four and save $4 on a single tube of toothpaste, which essentially will make the tube free. Still other stores, like Target, will allow one manufacturer coupon and one retailer coupon per item.\\nOther stores, however, will only allow one coupon. These stores are not the best for extreme couponing as you only get a great deal if you have a very high value coupon.\\nThe best stores for extreme couponing will accept more than one coupon and will also double the value of coupons. This means if the coupon is for $.25 off, they will value it as $ .50 off. If they do double, make sure to find out if there are any limits on doubling, or if they only double on certain days.\\n3-2. Know what to ask.\\nSince store policies vary, its important to keep a running list of every store you frequent, along with answers to questions about their specific store policies.\\nCheck to see if the stores offer any kind of discounts for seniors, students, or military.\\nAsk if they will price match competitors' ad prices and accept a coupon for the item on top of that.\\nIf a store does \\\"BOGO\\\" or buy-one-get-one free sales, ask if you have to buy two products to get the sale price. For instance, some stores will advertise BOGO shredded cheese, but actually you can choose to just buy one bag and get it at 50% off. Other stores require you to buy both bags of cheese to take advantage of the sale. Either policy is good, but the first policy allows you to take advantage of coupons on top of the sale and enjoy a larger percent savings.\\n3-3. Match up your coupons with store circulars.\\nIn order to maximize your savings, you need to combine sales, promotions, and coupons. For instance, if Target is having a special sale of a particular brand of yogurt for $2 and it is normally $3, you can use your two $1 off coupons and get it for free.\\nDecide which coupons are worth redeeming. Its not a good deal if you are buying a product you don't need and won't use, unless the item is shelf-stable. Coupons are really only worth redeeming if you would be buying the product regardless, or if the savings will make the product virtually free and you can give it to someone else.\\nCheck your weekly circulars for items that are on sale. Match up the coupons that you have with the items that are on sale. If you have multiples of the coupon, get as many of that item as you can, as long as the item is nonperishable. This will allow you to stock up on items so that you will never have to pay full price for something if you run out. Take advantage of matching sales with coupons at stores that allow you to double coupons.\\nLook for \\\"buy-one-get-one\\\" deals and use a coupon on that. Some stores will allow you to use a coupon on the 2nd item that is discounted, so you can get even more savings.\\n3-4. Make your plan.\\nDepending on the types of coupons that you have gathered and the promotions at stores, you can take a couple of extreme couponing approaches:\\nDoubling: Some stores will match the value of a coupon, so that you end up saving double the face value of your coupon. This is an especially good strategy if the coupon value is high and the item itself is on sale.\\nStacking: Some stores will allow you to use a manufacturer's coupon and a store coupon.\\nStore-specific policies: Some stores will allow discounts for students, military, or senior citizens. Some will price-match other stores.\\n3-5. Expect bizarre reactions.\\nMany extreme couponers experience negative or surprised reactions from sales clerks and other customers when they buy many identical items, and sometimes face resistance to complete the sale.\\nSometimes cashiers are unaware of their own store's policy and will refuse to do a transaction. If you have read the store's policy, its a good idea to politely ask to speak to the manager.\\nOccasionally, even a manager will refuse to allow a transaction that is within the company's policy. In that case, you don't have much recourse except to try another store.\\nYou can mitigate some of these reactions a bit by timing your shopping trip for when the store is very slow (try 8 am on a Tuesday for example), instead of timing it for rush hour or a weekend when your coupon redemption process will hold up the line at check-out.\\nTips\\nOnline couponing websites and Facebook groups can give you the heads-up for new coupons and deals that you might not hear about otherwise.\\nFinding a couponing buddy in your local area can be helpful. You can swap coupons you don't want and divvy up products if you end up with more than you can use.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Using a coupon or two can help you save a small amount of money during your weekly shopping trip, but being an extreme coupon shopper can save you much more. Extreme coupon shopping involves diligently gathering many coupons and matching them up with sales and other promotions to maximize your savings. Some extreme couponers are even able to get products for free, or more rarely, receive money back from the store for shopping. Getting started as an extreme couponer involves finding the right coupons, organizing them in a way that works for you, and redeeming them to maximize your savings.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding Coupons\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Subscribe to the Sunday newspaper.\", \"描述\": \"The Sunday paper is the traditional go-to place for coupons, since it tends to have several coupon inserts.\\nWhen you're just getting started, you might be happy with one copy, but true extreme couponing requires more than one copy of each coupon. Most extreme couponers need at least four copies of the newspaper, so to avoid purchasing so many papers, ask neighbors, friends, or family for their inserts if they will not use them.\\nAnother way to get extra inserts is to check coffee shops. People often leave newspapers there when they are finished reading them, and not many people take the coupon inserts.\\nDon't be afraid to go dumpster diving for inserts. In some areas, stores recycle their unsold papers with inserts, so check recycling bins outside of places like Starbucks on Monday mornings. Sometimes the newspaper itself does not use all the inserts and throws away many copies. Serious couponers know that the newspaper office dumpster can be a goldmine on Sundays.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for printable coupons online.\", \"描述\": \"Sites offer many manufacturer coupons that you can print out at home. You can choose which ones you want and only print the ones you will use.\\nSome popular coupon sites include www.coupon.com, www.redplum.com, or www.smartsource.com.\\nIf there is a certain product you need a coupon for, try doing a Google image search for the product name plus the word coupon (for example, \\\"toothbrush coupon\\\") or a more specific search if you want a certain brand or type.\\nYou can also check manufacturer websites, sign up for emails from companies and manufacturers, and check retailer websites for current coupons.\\nYou can even find coupons on wikiHow! Check out our coupon site for all sorts of great deals.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase coupons.\", \"描述\": \"If you know you are definitely going to make use of a coupon, buying it for less than its face value can be a good way to save money. \\nYou can purchase copies of coupons at online at sites like The Coupon Clippers or eBay. You can buy single coupons or whole newspaper inserts.\\nYou can also check your local Craigslist or Freecycle website for people selling or giving away coupons. Be sure that if you do buy coupons from a stranger, you meet up with them in a public, well-lit place like a local grocery store or bank. Never give them your home address and never meet up after dark or in a secluded location.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check your grocery stores for store coupons.\", \"描述\": \"Many grocery stores are learning the value of offering small discounts on products and have begun to offer coupons in the store itself.\\nMany stores have devices that give out in-store coupons in the aisles or next to product displays. Some stores also have their own coupon booklets.\\nSome stores print out coupons on the back of or in addition to your receipt at check-out. In this case, of course, you'll have to use the coupons at your next visit.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Organizing Your Coupons\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a coupon binder to hold all your coupons.\", \"描述\": \"Using a binder will allow you to easily see all your coupons and when they expire. It is very portable and can be easily taken with you in the grocery store.\\nOne popular way to organize coupons is to use baseball card sheets in your binder. These clear plastic sheets have openings sized just right so you can slip the coupons in and out easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Group your coupons for easy access.\", \"描述\": \"You can group your coupons any way you wish within the binder, but finding a way that works for you is key to a manageable extreme couponing experience.\\nSome coupons make sense to organize by store. If your coupon is only good at a particular retailer, it makes sense to group it with other coupons for that retailer so that you don't forget to use it while you're there.\\nMost other coupons make sense to organize by type: dairy, produce, meat and snacks for example. If you're very organized, you can then organize the sheets themselves based on the path you walk through the grocery store (shelf-stable foods and households goods first, then produce, then refrigerated and frozen goods last).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider other ways to organize within the sheets.\", \"描述\": \"The more organized each sheet of coupons is when you go to the store, the easier it will be to find the products you need, remember what you are combining, and make a successful purchase.\\nOn a given sheet, put coupons you definitely plan to redeem at the top of the page. Organize the rest by expiration date so that you won't forget to use them before they expire.\\nIf you don't know for sure which coupons you will use, file coupons as whole inserts. Instead of clipping coupons and filing them individually, you will file whole inserts together. If you have 4 of the same insert, file them all together. When it is time to use your coupons, you can just clip the ones that you will need.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a spreadsheet.\", \"描述\": \"A spreadsheet can help you organize the coupons you have and the savings you accrue, so you will learn what strategies work best. If you're familiar with Microsoft Excel, using formulas can make the process much simpler.\\nSome people use spreadsheets to keep track of each individual coupon, but that can be tedious. Instead, aim to track your total savings at each store. Use headings on the spreadsheet such as date, store, total savings, and total spent in the transaction.\\nUse Excel SUM formulas to total each column as you go. Fill in the amounts after every shopping trip and let Excel do the rest of the work for you. You can visit popular couponing website Krazy Coupon Lady at http://thekrazycouponlady.com/tips/couponing/extreme-couponing-tip-tracking-savings-spreadsheets/ for a free downloadable spreadsheet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Redeeming Your Coupons\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your local store policies.\", \"描述\": \"Stores vary in how many coupons they will accept and under what circumstances, so you need to know before you go in and spend a lot of time gathering products. Read the store's website and/or ask the store manager what their policies are regarding coupons. \\nMany stores will accept up to four identical coupons for a single purchase. For instance, if you have four $1 off Colgate coupons, you can use all four and save $4 on a single tube of toothpaste, which essentially will make the tube free. Still other stores, like Target, will allow one manufacturer coupon and one retailer coupon per item.\\nOther stores, however, will only allow one coupon. These stores are not the best for extreme couponing as you only get a great deal if you have a very high value coupon.\\nThe best stores for extreme couponing will accept more than one coupon and will also double the value of coupons. This means if the coupon is for $.25 off, they will value it as $ .50 off. If they do double, make sure to find out if there are any limits on doubling, or if they only double on certain days.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know what to ask.\", \"描述\": \"Since store policies vary, its important to keep a running list of every store you frequent, along with answers to questions about their specific store policies.\\nCheck to see if the stores offer any kind of discounts for seniors, students, or military.\\nAsk if they will price match competitors' ad prices and accept a coupon for the item on top of that.\\nIf a store does \\\"BOGO\\\" or buy-one-get-one free sales, ask if you have to buy two products to get the sale price. For instance, some stores will advertise BOGO shredded cheese, but actually you can choose to just buy one bag and get it at 50% off. Other stores require you to buy both bags of cheese to take advantage of the sale. Either policy is good, but the first policy allows you to take advantage of coupons on top of the sale and enjoy a larger percent savings.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Match up your coupons with store circulars.\", \"描述\": \"In order to maximize your savings, you need to combine sales, promotions, and coupons. For instance, if Target is having a special sale of a particular brand of yogurt for $2 and it is normally $3, you can use your two $1 off coupons and get it for free.\\nDecide which coupons are worth redeeming. Its not a good deal if you are buying a product you don't need and won't use, unless the item is shelf-stable. Coupons are really only worth redeeming if you would be buying the product regardless, or if the savings will make the product virtually free and you can give it to someone else.\\nCheck your weekly circulars for items that are on sale. Match up the coupons that you have with the items that are on sale. If you have multiples of the coupon, get as many of that item as you can, as long as the item is nonperishable. This will allow you to stock up on items so that you will never have to pay full price for something if you run out. Take advantage of matching sales with coupons at stores that allow you to double coupons.\\nLook for \\\"buy-one-get-one\\\" deals and use a coupon on that. Some stores will allow you to use a coupon on the 2nd item that is discounted, so you can get even more savings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make your plan.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the types of coupons that you have gathered and the promotions at stores, you can take a couple of extreme couponing approaches:\\nDoubling: Some stores will match the value of a coupon, so that you end up saving double the face value of your coupon. This is an especially good strategy if the coupon value is high and the item itself is on sale.\\nStacking: Some stores will allow you to use a manufacturer's coupon and a store coupon.\\nStore-specific policies: Some stores will allow discounts for students, military, or senior citizens. Some will price-match other stores.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Expect bizarre reactions.\", \"描述\": \"Many extreme couponers experience negative or surprised reactions from sales clerks and other customers when they buy many identical items, and sometimes face resistance to complete the sale.\\nSometimes cashiers are unaware of their own store's policy and will refuse to do a transaction. If you have read the store's policy, its a good idea to politely ask to speak to the manager.\\nOccasionally, even a manager will refuse to allow a transaction that is within the company's policy. In that case, you don't have much recourse except to try another store.\\nYou can mitigate some of these reactions a bit by timing your shopping trip for when the store is very slow (try 8 am on a Tuesday for example), instead of timing it for rush hour or a weekend when your coupon redemption process will hold up the line at check-out.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Online couponing websites and Facebook groups can give you the heads-up for new coupons and deals that you might not hear about otherwise.\\n\", \"Finding a couponing buddy in your local area can be helpful. You can swap coupons you don't want and divvy up products if you end up with more than you can use.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,000 |
How to Become an Eyelash Technician
|
1. Getting Certified
1-1. Learn your state’s lash technician licensing regulations.
Most states require that you have a cosmetology, esthetician, or medical license to be an eyelash technician. States that may NOT require previous licensing for eyelash technicians include Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Maryland, Missouri, and Wisconsin.
Find out the specific regulations in your state by contacting your state’s board of cosmetology, or by contacting an eyelash technician training program. Training programs will advise out-of-state residents to know the regulations of the state in which they plan to work before enrolling.
1-2. Become a cosmetologist
A cosmetologist is licensed to work on hair, skin, and nails. An esthetician is licensed in skin care only. Some states will accept either license prior to getting eyelash technician certification, but some states require the cosmetology license.
Contact your state’s board of cosmetology and research beauty schools in your area to find the right program for you.
1-3. Complete an eyelash technician training program.
Level I eyelash extension training programs will earn you the most basic certification to do eyelash extensions professionally. Available both in person or online, training programs are typically 1-3 days. Some programs may include your training materials with the cost, such as written guidebooks, lash extensions, adhesive, and application tools, which you can keep for after training.
Areas of study in the training program may include allergic reactions, proper sanitation practices, client preparation, lash bonding, and extension application procedures.
2. Gaining Work Experience
2-1. Work in a salon or boutique.
Working out of a location that offers hair, makeup, nail, or other beauty services is the best place to gain experience on clients looking to bulk up their lashes. You will also meet others in the beauty industry who can give you advice about starting out.
Some salons may already offer eyelash services- find out if they are looking to hire anyone new. For salons that don’t already offer this, ask if they are interested in adding lash extensions to their list of services and bringing you on.
2-2. Take as many new clients as you can.
When starting out, you may make mistakes or work on clients who decide that eyelash extensions aren’t for them. Not every client will stay your regular client.
2-3. Make and distribute business cards for your services at the salon.
Some salons offer to make business cards for you at a cost, as it helps their business as well as yours. Others encourage you to have your own cards made with the salon name and contact information on them.
Place the cards on the appointment counter with other service cards, and distribute them to friends and acquaintances.
3. Starting Your Own Business
3-1. Set up your work space.
Determine if you want to work from home or open your own salon. If you work out of home, be sure that your space has a clean, professional appearance. If renting a commercial space, consider sharing a space with another independent business owner in the beauty industry (a hair stylist or nail artist) to help with rent and sharing of clients.
At your own salon, you would offer any eyelash services (false eyelashes and extensions) while your partner(s) offers their specialty. Or, if you plan to go solo and are licensed in multiple services, you would add eyelash services to your list of offered services, such as hair or makeup.
3-2. Offer monthly deals or a first-time bargain.
Getting new clients hooked on your services can come down to offering very low prices in the beginning. The idea is that people will try lash extensions once because of the affordable price and then decide it’s a necessity for them. Then bingo- you have a new regular client!
3-3. Hand out flyers and business cards.
You can put up flyers and leave business cards in neighborhood coffee shops, telephone poles, and art spaces. Chat with the owners of local businesses and say you’re trying to build your own business, and ask if they will take some of your cards.
3-4. Practice on friends.
Nothing beats word of mouth. Offer to do your friends’ lashes for a low price, and give them a small stack of your business cards. Ask them to give your name anytime they talk to someone looking to get eyelash extensions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Certified\\n1-1. Learn your state’s lash technician licensing regulations.\\nMost states require that you have a cosmetology, esthetician, or medical license to be an eyelash technician. States that may NOT require previous licensing for eyelash technicians include Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Maryland, Missouri, and Wisconsin.\\nFind out the specific regulations in your state by contacting your state’s board of cosmetology, or by contacting an eyelash technician training program. Training programs will advise out-of-state residents to know the regulations of the state in which they plan to work before enrolling.\\n1-2. Become a cosmetologist\\nA cosmetologist is licensed to work on hair, skin, and nails. An esthetician is licensed in skin care only. Some states will accept either license prior to getting eyelash technician certification, but some states require the cosmetology license.\\nContact your state’s board of cosmetology and research beauty schools in your area to find the right program for you.\\n1-3. Complete an eyelash technician training program.\\nLevel I eyelash extension training programs will earn you the most basic certification to do eyelash extensions professionally. Available both in person or online, training programs are typically 1-3 days. Some programs may include your training materials with the cost, such as written guidebooks, lash extensions, adhesive, and application tools, which you can keep for after training.\\nAreas of study in the training program may include allergic reactions, proper sanitation practices, client preparation, lash bonding, and extension application procedures.\\n2. Gaining Work Experience\\n2-1. Work in a salon or boutique.\\nWorking out of a location that offers hair, makeup, nail, or other beauty services is the best place to gain experience on clients looking to bulk up their lashes. You will also meet others in the beauty industry who can give you advice about starting out.\\nSome salons may already offer eyelash services- find out if they are looking to hire anyone new. For salons that don’t already offer this, ask if they are interested in adding lash extensions to their list of services and bringing you on.\\n2-2. Take as many new clients as you can.\\nWhen starting out, you may make mistakes or work on clients who decide that eyelash extensions aren’t for them. Not every client will stay your regular client.\\n2-3. Make and distribute business cards for your services at the salon.\\nSome salons offer to make business cards for you at a cost, as it helps their business as well as yours. Others encourage you to have your own cards made with the salon name and contact information on them.\\nPlace the cards on the appointment counter with other service cards, and distribute them to friends and acquaintances.\\n3. Starting Your Own Business\\n3-1. Set up your work space.\\nDetermine if you want to work from home or open your own salon. If you work out of home, be sure that your space has a clean, professional appearance. If renting a commercial space, consider sharing a space with another independent business owner in the beauty industry (a hair stylist or nail artist) to help with rent and sharing of clients.\\nAt your own salon, you would offer any eyelash services (false eyelashes and extensions) while your partner(s) offers their specialty. Or, if you plan to go solo and are licensed in multiple services, you would add eyelash services to your list of offered services, such as hair or makeup.\\n3-2. Offer monthly deals or a first-time bargain.\\nGetting new clients hooked on your services can come down to offering very low prices in the beginning. The idea is that people will try lash extensions once because of the affordable price and then decide it’s a necessity for them. Then bingo- you have a new regular client!\\n3-3. Hand out flyers and business cards.\\nYou can put up flyers and leave business cards in neighborhood coffee shops, telephone poles, and art spaces. Chat with the owners of local businesses and say you’re trying to build your own business, and ask if they will take some of your cards.\\n3-4. Practice on friends.\\nNothing beats word of mouth. Offer to do your friends’ lashes for a low price, and give them a small stack of your business cards. Ask them to give your name anytime they talk to someone looking to get eyelash extensions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have a strong interest or background in makeup and hair, and enjoy working with people and making them feel pretty, becoming an eyelash technician may be the right choice for you! Eyelash technicians apply semi-permanent lash extensions on clients who would like to have longer, fuller eyelashes. You will need to get certified and build a client base to enjoy success in your new career as an eyelash technician.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn your state’s lash technician licensing regulations.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require that you have a cosmetology, esthetician, or medical license to be an eyelash technician. States that may NOT require previous licensing for eyelash technicians include Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Maryland, Missouri, and Wisconsin.\\nFind out the specific regulations in your state by contacting your state’s board of cosmetology, or by contacting an eyelash technician training program. Training programs will advise out-of-state residents to know the regulations of the state in which they plan to work before enrolling.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Become a cosmetologist\", \"描述\": \"A cosmetologist is licensed to work on hair, skin, and nails. An esthetician is licensed in skin care only. Some states will accept either license prior to getting eyelash technician certification, but some states require the cosmetology license.\\nContact your state’s board of cosmetology and research beauty schools in your area to find the right program for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete an eyelash technician training program.\", \"描述\": \"Level I eyelash extension training programs will earn you the most basic certification to do eyelash extensions professionally. Available both in person or online, training programs are typically 1-3 days. Some programs may include your training materials with the cost, such as written guidebooks, lash extensions, adhesive, and application tools, which you can keep for after training.\\nAreas of study in the training program may include allergic reactions, proper sanitation practices, client preparation, lash bonding, and extension application procedures.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Work Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work in a salon or boutique.\", \"描述\": \"Working out of a location that offers hair, makeup, nail, or other beauty services is the best place to gain experience on clients looking to bulk up their lashes. You will also meet others in the beauty industry who can give you advice about starting out.\\nSome salons may already offer eyelash services- find out if they are looking to hire anyone new. For salons that don’t already offer this, ask if they are interested in adding lash extensions to their list of services and bringing you on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take as many new clients as you can.\", \"描述\": \"When starting out, you may make mistakes or work on clients who decide that eyelash extensions aren’t for them. Not every client will stay your regular client.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make and distribute business cards for your services at the salon.\", \"描述\": \"Some salons offer to make business cards for you at a cost, as it helps their business as well as yours. Others encourage you to have your own cards made with the salon name and contact information on them.\\nPlace the cards on the appointment counter with other service cards, and distribute them to friends and acquaintances.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Own Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set up your work space.\", \"描述\": \"Determine if you want to work from home or open your own salon. If you work out of home, be sure that your space has a clean, professional appearance. If renting a commercial space, consider sharing a space with another independent business owner in the beauty industry (a hair stylist or nail artist) to help with rent and sharing of clients.\\nAt your own salon, you would offer any eyelash services (false eyelashes and extensions) while your partner(s) offers their specialty. Or, if you plan to go solo and are licensed in multiple services, you would add eyelash services to your list of offered services, such as hair or makeup.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Offer monthly deals or a first-time bargain.\", \"描述\": \"Getting new clients hooked on your services can come down to offering very low prices in the beginning. The idea is that people will try lash extensions once because of the affordable price and then decide it’s a necessity for them. Then bingo- you have a new regular client!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hand out flyers and business cards.\", \"描述\": \"You can put up flyers and leave business cards in neighborhood coffee shops, telephone poles, and art spaces. Chat with the owners of local businesses and say you’re trying to build your own business, and ask if they will take some of your cards.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice on friends.\", \"描述\": \"Nothing beats word of mouth. Offer to do your friends’ lashes for a low price, and give them a small stack of your business cards. Ask them to give your name anytime they talk to someone looking to get eyelash extensions.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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6,001 |
How to Become an F1 Driver
|
1. Learning to Drive
1-1. Take a class at a racing school.
This is the quickest way to find out if Formula 1 is right for you. It is ideal for older racers that are new to the sport. You will get to get behind the wheel of a Formula 1 race car and learn some of the basics of racing. These classes may have a substantial fee for a few hours of racing knowledge, but it is the most affordable way to gain knowledge about Formula 1 racing before you decide to make a larger financial commitment.
You must have a valid standard driver's license to take these classes, and if you are a minor you will also need parental consent.
You must be capable of driving a car with a manual transmission to take racing classes.
1-2. Enroll in a racing program.
These programs will involve approximately 1-2 weeks of advanced classes to hone your racing skills. Since your goal is to race in Formula One, you likely want to select a school that is approved by the licensing organization.
1-3. Get your racing license.
Upon completion of the required courses your school will send a letter of recommendation to a racing organization. This will enable you to register and compete in a racing school event.
1-4. Enter an amateur school race series.
These entry level race events are a great opportunity for amateur drivers to showcase their skills and get the attention of potential sponsors. Some schools hold their own races and will even provide you a car for these race events. You can win scholarships and race points towards getting your next level license.
2. Climbing the Ranks
2-1. Try kart racing.
This method is the best way for younger racers to get involved in the sport. Most of the top Formula 1 drivers all started off racing carts. Buying a kart can be costly, so you may just want to visit a local kart track and try it out first.
2-2. Get a kart racing license.
Some organizations will give any beginner that applies a license so they can start entry level races to learn the sport. To get into more serious races, you will need to continue to apply for higher licenses. You may need to pass a test given at an accredited school, or show proficiency at racing at your current level before being allowed to move up.
2-3. Buy your kart.
If you are going to race you need some wheels. There are different vehicles for different levels of race, and you will probably need to buy or rent several karts before you move up to racing cars.
2-4. Enter a race.
Placing well in races is a big part in how quickly your racing career advances. The better you perform the sooner you will reach the next level. If you plan on getting to Formula 1, you will need to race as much as you can and always be looking to move up to the next level.
3. Getting Your Formula 1 License
3-1. Complete two years in junior single seater racing events.
Formula 1 requires drivers to have a good deal of experience driving similar vehicles. While there are many possible race series that can be your path to Formula 1, all racers must go through one or more of the junior levels to move up.
3-2. Turn 18 years old.
Formula 1 racers must all be a minimum age to hold a license. Some younger racers are good enough to be considered for Formula 1, but will not be eligible until they reach the proper age. If you are still too young, look at gaining some more experience in any of the junior single seater race series to add to your race points.
3-3. Accumulate 40 race points.
These points are acquired based on performance and placement in junior race series events. 40 points must be acquired over a 3-year period to be eligible to get your Formula 1 license.
3-4. Accumulate 300 driving kilometers in a Formula 1 car.
Drivers must complete 184 miles (300 kilometers) of racing in a recent Formula 1 vehicle. You can complete this driving requirement during official pre-season, in-season, and post-season tests, but the entire portion must be completed within 48 hours. Additionally, you must complete this test within 180 days before you apply for your license.
4. Racing in Formula 1
4-1. Accept an offer to drive for an F1 team.
If you have performed well as an amateur an owner might ask for you to drive for their team. These teams are often owned by car companies and have their own sponsorships to cover costs. They usually sign their drivers on a season-to-season basis.
4-2. Get sponsorships.
Most Formula 1 drivers have some sponsors that require additional work off the track. To attract sponsors you need to have success on the track and a positive public opinion. You may have to do appearances or photo shoots for your sponsor in addition to your on-track work. Racing is a very expensive sport, so drivers must look to add to supplement their racing income whenever possible.
4-3. Pay to drive in F1.
Pay drivers are common in many levels of motorsports, including Formula 1. Instead of being paid by the race team, the driver uses money from sponsorships or their personal fortune to fund the racing operations. While this isn't practical for most new racers in Formula 1, it is an option if you have the ability to pay for it.
Tips
Developing a polished persona will go a long way to helping your racing career and help you find sponsors and financial backing.
Warnings
Racing is very expensive. Be prepared to spend a lot of money to make it to Formula 1.
Racing cars always comes with the risk of injury due to collisions. Think carefully about the potential danger before you commit to this career.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning to Drive\\n1-1. Take a class at a racing school.\\nThis is the quickest way to find out if Formula 1 is right for you. It is ideal for older racers that are new to the sport. You will get to get behind the wheel of a Formula 1 race car and learn some of the basics of racing. These classes may have a substantial fee for a few hours of racing knowledge, but it is the most affordable way to gain knowledge about Formula 1 racing before you decide to make a larger financial commitment.\\nYou must have a valid standard driver's license to take these classes, and if you are a minor you will also need parental consent.\\nYou must be capable of driving a car with a manual transmission to take racing classes.\\n1-2. Enroll in a racing program.\\nThese programs will involve approximately 1-2 weeks of advanced classes to hone your racing skills. Since your goal is to race in Formula One, you likely want to select a school that is approved by the licensing organization.\\n1-3. Get your racing license.\\nUpon completion of the required courses your school will send a letter of recommendation to a racing organization. This will enable you to register and compete in a racing school event.\\n1-4. Enter an amateur school race series.\\nThese entry level race events are a great opportunity for amateur drivers to showcase their skills and get the attention of potential sponsors. Some schools hold their own races and will even provide you a car for these race events. You can win scholarships and race points towards getting your next level license.\\n2. Climbing the Ranks\\n2-1. Try kart racing.\\nThis method is the best way for younger racers to get involved in the sport. Most of the top Formula 1 drivers all started off racing carts. Buying a kart can be costly, so you may just want to visit a local kart track and try it out first.\\n2-2. Get a kart racing license.\\nSome organizations will give any beginner that applies a license so they can start entry level races to learn the sport. To get into more serious races, you will need to continue to apply for higher licenses. You may need to pass a test given at an accredited school, or show proficiency at racing at your current level before being allowed to move up.\\n2-3. Buy your kart.\\nIf you are going to race you need some wheels. There are different vehicles for different levels of race, and you will probably need to buy or rent several karts before you move up to racing cars.\\n2-4. Enter a race.\\nPlacing well in races is a big part in how quickly your racing career advances. The better you perform the sooner you will reach the next level. If you plan on getting to Formula 1, you will need to race as much as you can and always be looking to move up to the next level.\\n3. Getting Your Formula 1 License\\n3-1. Complete two years in junior single seater racing events.\\nFormula 1 requires drivers to have a good deal of experience driving similar vehicles. While there are many possible race series that can be your path to Formula 1, all racers must go through one or more of the junior levels to move up.\\n3-2. Turn 18 years old.\\nFormula 1 racers must all be a minimum age to hold a license. Some younger racers are good enough to be considered for Formula 1, but will not be eligible until they reach the proper age. If you are still too young, look at gaining some more experience in any of the junior single seater race series to add to your race points.\\n3-3. Accumulate 40 race points.\\nThese points are acquired based on performance and placement in junior race series events. 40 points must be acquired over a 3-year period to be eligible to get your Formula 1 license.\\n3-4. Accumulate 300 driving kilometers in a Formula 1 car.\\nDrivers must complete 184 miles (300 kilometers) of racing in a recent Formula 1 vehicle. You can complete this driving requirement during official pre-season, in-season, and post-season tests, but the entire portion must be completed within 48 hours. Additionally, you must complete this test within 180 days before you apply for your license.\\n4. Racing in Formula 1\\n4-1. Accept an offer to drive for an F1 team.\\nIf you have performed well as an amateur an owner might ask for you to drive for their team. These teams are often owned by car companies and have their own sponsorships to cover costs. They usually sign their drivers on a season-to-season basis.\\n4-2. Get sponsorships.\\nMost Formula 1 drivers have some sponsors that require additional work off the track. To attract sponsors you need to have success on the track and a positive public opinion. You may have to do appearances or photo shoots for your sponsor in addition to your on-track work. Racing is a very expensive sport, so drivers must look to add to supplement their racing income whenever possible.\\n4-3. Pay to drive in F1.\\nPay drivers are common in many levels of motorsports, including Formula 1. Instead of being paid by the race team, the driver uses money from sponsorships or their personal fortune to fund the racing operations. While this isn't practical for most new racers in Formula 1, it is an option if you have the ability to pay for it.\\nTips\\nDeveloping a polished persona will go a long way to helping your racing career and help you find sponsors and financial backing.\\nWarnings\\nRacing is very expensive. Be prepared to spend a lot of money to make it to Formula 1.\\nRacing cars always comes with the risk of injury due to collisions. Think carefully about the potential danger before you commit to this career.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Formula 1 drivers are in a highly competitive sport that requires a great deal of talent and commitment to have any hope for success. While it may seem like a dream job, becoming a professional driver takes years of experience and a good deal of financial investment to climb the ranks to Formula 1. By knowing the steps required to becoming a Formula 1 racer, you can fully assess the risks and rewards to decide if the sport is right for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning to Drive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a class at a racing school.\", \"描述\": \"This is the quickest way to find out if Formula 1 is right for you. It is ideal for older racers that are new to the sport. You will get to get behind the wheel of a Formula 1 race car and learn some of the basics of racing. These classes may have a substantial fee for a few hours of racing knowledge, but it is the most affordable way to gain knowledge about Formula 1 racing before you decide to make a larger financial commitment.\\nYou must have a valid standard driver's license to take these classes, and if you are a minor you will also need parental consent.\\nYou must be capable of driving a car with a manual transmission to take racing classes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a racing program.\", \"描述\": \"These programs will involve approximately 1-2 weeks of advanced classes to hone your racing skills. Since your goal is to race in Formula One, you likely want to select a school that is approved by the licensing organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your racing license.\", \"描述\": \"Upon completion of the required courses your school will send a letter of recommendation to a racing organization. This will enable you to register and compete in a racing school event.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enter an amateur school race series.\", \"描述\": \"These entry level race events are a great opportunity for amateur drivers to showcase their skills and get the attention of potential sponsors. Some schools hold their own races and will even provide you a car for these race events. You can win scholarships and race points towards getting your next level license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Climbing the Ranks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try kart racing.\", \"描述\": \"This method is the best way for younger racers to get involved in the sport. Most of the top Formula 1 drivers all started off racing carts. Buying a kart can be costly, so you may just want to visit a local kart track and try it out first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a kart racing license.\", \"描述\": \"Some organizations will give any beginner that applies a license so they can start entry level races to learn the sport. To get into more serious races, you will need to continue to apply for higher licenses. You may need to pass a test given at an accredited school, or show proficiency at racing at your current level before being allowed to move up.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Buy your kart.\", \"描述\": \"If you are going to race you need some wheels. There are different vehicles for different levels of race, and you will probably need to buy or rent several karts before you move up to racing cars.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enter a race.\", \"描述\": \"Placing well in races is a big part in how quickly your racing career advances. The better you perform the sooner you will reach the next level. If you plan on getting to Formula 1, you will need to race as much as you can and always be looking to move up to the next level.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Formula 1 License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete two years in junior single seater racing events.\", \"描述\": \"Formula 1 requires drivers to have a good deal of experience driving similar vehicles. While there are many possible race series that can be your path to Formula 1, all racers must go through one or more of the junior levels to move up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Turn 18 years old.\", \"描述\": \"Formula 1 racers must all be a minimum age to hold a license. Some younger racers are good enough to be considered for Formula 1, but will not be eligible until they reach the proper age. If you are still too young, look at gaining some more experience in any of the junior single seater race series to add to your race points.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Accumulate 40 race points.\", \"描述\": \"These points are acquired based on performance and placement in junior race series events. 40 points must be acquired over a 3-year period to be eligible to get your Formula 1 license.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Accumulate 300 driving kilometers in a Formula 1 car.\", \"描述\": \"Drivers must complete 184 miles (300 kilometers) of racing in a recent Formula 1 vehicle. You can complete this driving requirement during official pre-season, in-season, and post-season tests, but the entire portion must be completed within 48 hours. Additionally, you must complete this test within 180 days before you apply for your license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Racing in Formula 1\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Accept an offer to drive for an F1 team.\", \"描述\": \"If you have performed well as an amateur an owner might ask for you to drive for their team. These teams are often owned by car companies and have their own sponsorships to cover costs. They usually sign their drivers on a season-to-season basis.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get sponsorships.\", \"描述\": \"Most Formula 1 drivers have some sponsors that require additional work off the track. To attract sponsors you need to have success on the track and a positive public opinion. You may have to do appearances or photo shoots for your sponsor in addition to your on-track work. Racing is a very expensive sport, so drivers must look to add to supplement their racing income whenever possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay to drive in F1.\", \"描述\": \"Pay drivers are common in many levels of motorsports, including Formula 1. Instead of being paid by the race team, the driver uses money from sponsorships or their personal fortune to fund the racing operations. While this isn't practical for most new racers in Formula 1, it is an option if you have the ability to pay for it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Developing a polished persona will go a long way to helping your racing career and help you find sponsors and financial backing.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Racing is very expensive. Be prepared to spend a lot of money to make it to Formula 1.\\n\", \"Racing cars always comes with the risk of injury due to collisions. Think carefully about the potential danger before you commit to this career.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,002 |
How to Become an F1 Mechanic: Education, Qualifications, & Salary
|
1. What type of formal education do F1 mechanics need?
1-1. At least a high school diploma or the equivalent.
Most motorsport mechanics enter the field with at least this level of formal education. If you’re currently in your secondary education, keep your head down and try to get good grades to set yourself up for trying to get into an F1 career. A university degree is not typically required to become an F1 mechanic.
Ultimately, experience is what F1 employers look for most, but it can be really hard to start getting job experience with no prior education.
1-2. Classes in maths, computers, automotive repair, and electronics can help.
Select elective classes in these subjects if they’re offered at your school. Anything technical can help set you up for a career as a motorsport mechanic working on high-performance cars, which have many electrical components and high-tech mechanical parts.
You could also join relevant extracurricular clubs, such as a computer science club or a mathematics club.
Besides technical classes, learning another language like Italian or German couldn’t hurt. F1 is a very international sport, so these skills could look good on your resume.
1-3. Mechanical engineering and motor vehicle engineering courses are a plus.
These courses provide a mix of hands-on and classroom education and experience. You’ll learn more technical skills that you can use in a future job as an F1 mechanic. The additional education also looks great on a resume and can help you land your first job in auto mechanics to start gaining experience.
If you live in the UK, take 1-3 A-level courses in these subjects.
If you live in the USA or Canada, you could take a post-high school automotive mechanic certification course at a technical institution.
In the USA, mechanics must pass an EPA exam at the end of their courses. They may also choose to get certified by the National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence, which can look good on a resume.
2. What other skills and attributes should I have?
2-1. You should be passionate about motorsports.
If you make your way to the top and become an F1 mechanic, the sport is going to be a huge part of your life. Make sure you really love racing and that this is really what you want to dedicate a big portion of your time and life to. That way, you’re less likely to burn out when faced with the pressures of the job.
Keep in mind that being an F1 mechanic doesn’t just mean you get to watch all the races. You’re going to be working both on and off the track, and when you’re at the races you’re not just there to watch, so passion about all aspects of the sport is really important.
2-2. Make sure you’re able to work quickly and under pressure.
You must be able to change parts and fix problems in a matter of minutes to get your driver and their car back on the track as fast as possible during a race. Being an F1 mechanic is a lot more high-speed and high-pressure than working on someone’s car at a neighborhood auto shop!Not only is this important for winning races, but it’s a matter of safety as well. If you crack under the pressure of working very quickly, you might make mistakes that could put a driver at risk.
2-3. You’ll need good teamwork skills and a team player mindset.
The driver might get most of the attention when your team wins a race, but they couldn’t win races without a team of dedicated mechanics! Make sure you’re able to communicate effectively and work well together with others as part of a team working towards a common goal.Besides working with the driver and other mechanics, you’ll also be receiving instructions from an F1 engineer regarding the car you’re working on.
3. How can I get relevant work experience?
3-1. Offer your services for free to relevant places of interest.
Write to motorsport companies, auto mechanic shops, and any other type of company where you could put your mechanic skills to good use. Explain to them that you’re trying to gain experience and would be happy to work without pay for a period of time.
[If you take post-secondary courses in something like motor vehicle engineering or auto mechanics, your educational institution might be able to place you in an internship or apprenticeship of some kind.
3-2. Apply for paid jobs with non-F1 racing teams.
Search online for jobs with racing teams in other leagues like Formula 3, Formula 2, Formula Junior, and the different Formula leagues for specific car manufacturer’s. Fill out and submit applications for as many roles as possible to try and land your first motorsport job.If you live near a local race track, even something like a rally course, you could even try to find a job with a really small local team to start.
3-3. Try to get an F1 apprenticeship.
Visit the websites for different F1 racing teams and car manufacturers and check if they have apprenticeship programs. Look at the application requirements and process and follow the steps to apply. If you don’t find an apprenticeship right away, keep checking back and trying.
General requirements for apprenticeships are passing grades in your high school or equivalent education, as well as maths, English, and science classes.
If you’re lucky enough to land an apprenticeship for an F1 team, you might be able to work your way up the ladder and stay on with the team after the program ends.
4. How do I apply for an F1 job?
4-1. Apply online for open F1 jobs with racing teams and auto manufacturers.
Go to the websites for as many teams and manufacturers as you can find and visit the career page on each site. Read the job openings and submit an application for any that you are even a little bit qualified for.
There are also job listings sites specific to careers in motorsports that list a variety of jobs with different F1 teams.
4-2. Write to many different F1 teams and ask if you could work for them.
Even if you can’t find job openings or your applications get rejected, you can still try your luck. Find the email addresses or physical addresses for as many different racing teams as you can and send them letters explaining why you want to work for them and what your experience is. Ask them if there is any position at all that they could hire you for.
Even if you get rejected, some teams might be nice enough to write back and tell you what experience you’re missing that they’re looking for. Then, you can try to get that experience through another job or a course.
4-3. Be persistent and apply constantly.
Don’t give up if you keep receiving rejection letters or don’t hear back about applications you’ve submitted. Search for job openings with teams and auto manufacturers every day and keep submitting those online applications. Keep writing to teams and asking if you can work for them, especially if you’ve gained more experience since the last time you reached out.
Remember that even if you don’t get your dream F1 mechanic job, there are tons of other motorsport leagues that you could have just as much fun working for for a few years until you’re more than qualified to work in F1!
5. What is working as an F1 mechanic like?
5-1. You’ll spend a lot of time travelling and away from home.
F1 teams spend up to 250 days a year travelling. This means you’ll be away from family, friends, and loved ones and spending many hours in planes and other transportation.
Pre-season testing starts in February for F1 and the last race is at the end of November.
This is where being passionate about the sport really comes in handy. Even though the job demands a lot of time, you’ll be doing something you love.
Engines have friction. They have oil that runs through them to cool down all the metal moving parts.
So you need to change the oil. That is the basic maintenance of a combustion engine.
Different manufacturers have different types of maintenance schedules. But every gas car needs an oil change.
5-2. You might work long hours and not get a lot of sleep.
Mechanics typically leave their hotel early, around 6:30 or 7:30 AM, to get to the track. Sometimes you may work until as late as 11 PM, then do it all over again the next day. In other words, it’s not your typical 8-hour job!The good thing is you know the schedule for the whole year right away, so you can plan trips home and time off. You also get long breaks twice a year, in December and August.
5-3. It’s loud!
You spend a lot of time in shops and near race tracks with the constant noise of power tools and fast cars. Wear the appropriate ear protection when you’re on the job to avoid hearing problems later in life.
6. How much money do F1 mechanics make?
The average salary varies based on position and experience.
However, you can expect a starting annual salary of somewhere around $30,000 USD. Pit crew chiefs, on the other hand, can make up to a whopping $1 million USD a year!
In general, mechanics make a median annual salary of about $40,000 USD. If you ever get laid off of your job as an F1 mechanic, it’s nice to know that you should be able to easily find a decent paying mechanic job elsewhere.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What type of formal education do F1 mechanics need?\\n1-1. At least a high school diploma or the equivalent.\\nMost motorsport mechanics enter the field with at least this level of formal education. If you’re currently in your secondary education, keep your head down and try to get good grades to set yourself up for trying to get into an F1 career. A university degree is not typically required to become an F1 mechanic.\\nUltimately, experience is what F1 employers look for most, but it can be really hard to start getting job experience with no prior education.\\n1-2. Classes in maths, computers, automotive repair, and electronics can help.\\nSelect elective classes in these subjects if they’re offered at your school. Anything technical can help set you up for a career as a motorsport mechanic working on high-performance cars, which have many electrical components and high-tech mechanical parts.\\nYou could also join relevant extracurricular clubs, such as a computer science club or a mathematics club.\\nBesides technical classes, learning another language like Italian or German couldn’t hurt. F1 is a very international sport, so these skills could look good on your resume.\\n1-3. Mechanical engineering and motor vehicle engineering courses are a plus.\\nThese courses provide a mix of hands-on and classroom education and experience. You’ll learn more technical skills that you can use in a future job as an F1 mechanic. The additional education also looks great on a resume and can help you land your first job in auto mechanics to start gaining experience.\\nIf you live in the UK, take 1-3 A-level courses in these subjects.\\nIf you live in the USA or Canada, you could take a post-high school automotive mechanic certification course at a technical institution.\\nIn the USA, mechanics must pass an EPA exam at the end of their courses. They may also choose to get certified by the National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence, which can look good on a resume.\\n2. What other skills and attributes should I have?\\n2-1. You should be passionate about motorsports.\\nIf you make your way to the top and become an F1 mechanic, the sport is going to be a huge part of your life. Make sure you really love racing and that this is really what you want to dedicate a big portion of your time and life to. That way, you’re less likely to burn out when faced with the pressures of the job.\\nKeep in mind that being an F1 mechanic doesn’t just mean you get to watch all the races. You’re going to be working both on and off the track, and when you’re at the races you’re not just there to watch, so passion about all aspects of the sport is really important.\\n2-2. Make sure you’re able to work quickly and under pressure.\\nYou must be able to change parts and fix problems in a matter of minutes to get your driver and their car back on the track as fast as possible during a race. Being an F1 mechanic is a lot more high-speed and high-pressure than working on someone’s car at a neighborhood auto shop!Not only is this important for winning races, but it’s a matter of safety as well. If you crack under the pressure of working very quickly, you might make mistakes that could put a driver at risk.\\n2-3. You’ll need good teamwork skills and a team player mindset.\\nThe driver might get most of the attention when your team wins a race, but they couldn’t win races without a team of dedicated mechanics! Make sure you’re able to communicate effectively and work well together with others as part of a team working towards a common goal.Besides working with the driver and other mechanics, you’ll also be receiving instructions from an F1 engineer regarding the car you’re working on.\\n3. How can I get relevant work experience?\\n3-1. Offer your services for free to relevant places of interest.\\nWrite to motorsport companies, auto mechanic shops, and any other type of company where you could put your mechanic skills to good use. Explain to them that you’re trying to gain experience and would be happy to work without pay for a period of time.\\n[If you take post-secondary courses in something like motor vehicle engineering or auto mechanics, your educational institution might be able to place you in an internship or apprenticeship of some kind.\\n3-2. Apply for paid jobs with non-F1 racing teams.\\nSearch online for jobs with racing teams in other leagues like Formula 3, Formula 2, Formula Junior, and the different Formula leagues for specific car manufacturer’s. Fill out and submit applications for as many roles as possible to try and land your first motorsport job.If you live near a local race track, even something like a rally course, you could even try to find a job with a really small local team to start.\\n3-3. Try to get an F1 apprenticeship.\\nVisit the websites for different F1 racing teams and car manufacturers and check if they have apprenticeship programs. Look at the application requirements and process and follow the steps to apply. If you don’t find an apprenticeship right away, keep checking back and trying.\\nGeneral requirements for apprenticeships are passing grades in your high school or equivalent education, as well as maths, English, and science classes.\\nIf you’re lucky enough to land an apprenticeship for an F1 team, you might be able to work your way up the ladder and stay on with the team after the program ends.\\n4. How do I apply for an F1 job?\\n4-1. Apply online for open F1 jobs with racing teams and auto manufacturers.\\nGo to the websites for as many teams and manufacturers as you can find and visit the career page on each site. Read the job openings and submit an application for any that you are even a little bit qualified for.\\nThere are also job listings sites specific to careers in motorsports that list a variety of jobs with different F1 teams.\\n4-2. Write to many different F1 teams and ask if you could work for them.\\nEven if you can’t find job openings or your applications get rejected, you can still try your luck. Find the email addresses or physical addresses for as many different racing teams as you can and send them letters explaining why you want to work for them and what your experience is. Ask them if there is any position at all that they could hire you for.\\nEven if you get rejected, some teams might be nice enough to write back and tell you what experience you’re missing that they’re looking for. Then, you can try to get that experience through another job or a course.\\n4-3. Be persistent and apply constantly.\\nDon’t give up if you keep receiving rejection letters or don’t hear back about applications you’ve submitted. Search for job openings with teams and auto manufacturers every day and keep submitting those online applications. Keep writing to teams and asking if you can work for them, especially if you’ve gained more experience since the last time you reached out.\\nRemember that even if you don’t get your dream F1 mechanic job, there are tons of other motorsport leagues that you could have just as much fun working for for a few years until you’re more than qualified to work in F1!\\n5. What is working as an F1 mechanic like?\\n5-1. You’ll spend a lot of time travelling and away from home.\\nF1 teams spend up to 250 days a year travelling. This means you’ll be away from family, friends, and loved ones and spending many hours in planes and other transportation.\\nPre-season testing starts in February for F1 and the last race is at the end of November.\\nThis is where being passionate about the sport really comes in handy. Even though the job demands a lot of time, you’ll be doing something you love.\\nEngines have friction. They have oil that runs through them to cool down all the metal moving parts.\\nSo you need to change the oil. That is the basic maintenance of a combustion engine.\\nDifferent manufacturers have different types of maintenance schedules. But every gas car needs an oil change.\\n5-2. You might work long hours and not get a lot of sleep.\\nMechanics typically leave their hotel early, around 6:30 or 7:30 AM, to get to the track. Sometimes you may work until as late as 11 PM, then do it all over again the next day. In other words, it’s not your typical 8-hour job!The good thing is you know the schedule for the whole year right away, so you can plan trips home and time off. You also get long breaks twice a year, in December and August.\\n5-3. It’s loud!\\nYou spend a lot of time in shops and near race tracks with the constant noise of power tools and fast cars. Wear the appropriate ear protection when you’re on the job to avoid hearing problems later in life.\\n6. How much money do F1 mechanics make?\\nThe average salary varies based on position and experience.\\nHowever, you can expect a starting annual salary of somewhere around $30,000 USD. Pit crew chiefs, on the other hand, can make up to a whopping $1 million USD a year!\\nIn general, mechanics make a median annual salary of about $40,000 USD. If you ever get laid off of your job as an F1 mechanic, it’s nice to know that you should be able to easily find a decent paying mechanic job elsewhere.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Working as an F1 mechanic is the dream job for anyone who’s passionate about motorsports and high-performance cars. Well, maybe being the driver is THE dream, but that’s not why you’re here, is it? We’ve put together the answers for you to some of the most common questions you may have about becoming an F1 mechanic.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What type of formal education do F1 mechanics need?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"At least a high school diploma or the equivalent.\", \"描述\": \"Most motorsport mechanics enter the field with at least this level of formal education. If you’re currently in your secondary education, keep your head down and try to get good grades to set yourself up for trying to get into an F1 career. A university degree is not typically required to become an F1 mechanic.\\nUltimately, experience is what F1 employers look for most, but it can be really hard to start getting job experience with no prior education.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Classes in maths, computers, automotive repair, and electronics can help.\", \"描述\": \"Select elective classes in these subjects if they’re offered at your school. Anything technical can help set you up for a career as a motorsport mechanic working on high-performance cars, which have many electrical components and high-tech mechanical parts.\\nYou could also join relevant extracurricular clubs, such as a computer science club or a mathematics club.\\nBesides technical classes, learning another language like Italian or German couldn’t hurt. F1 is a very international sport, so these skills could look good on your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mechanical engineering and motor vehicle engineering courses are a plus.\", \"描述\": \"These courses provide a mix of hands-on and classroom education and experience. You’ll learn more technical skills that you can use in a future job as an F1 mechanic. The additional education also looks great on a resume and can help you land your first job in auto mechanics to start gaining experience.\\nIf you live in the UK, take 1-3 A-level courses in these subjects.\\nIf you live in the USA or Canada, you could take a post-high school automotive mechanic certification course at a technical institution.\\nIn the USA, mechanics must pass an EPA exam at the end of their courses. They may also choose to get certified by the National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence, which can look good on a resume.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What other skills and attributes should I have?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You should be passionate about motorsports.\", \"描述\": \"If you make your way to the top and become an F1 mechanic, the sport is going to be a huge part of your life. Make sure you really love racing and that this is really what you want to dedicate a big portion of your time and life to. That way, you’re less likely to burn out when faced with the pressures of the job.\\nKeep in mind that being an F1 mechanic doesn’t just mean you get to watch all the races. You’re going to be working both on and off the track, and when you’re at the races you’re not just there to watch, so passion about all aspects of the sport is really important.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you’re able to work quickly and under pressure.\", \"描述\": \"You must be able to change parts and fix problems in a matter of minutes to get your driver and their car back on the track as fast as possible during a race. Being an F1 mechanic is a lot more high-speed and high-pressure than working on someone’s car at a neighborhood auto shop!Not only is this important for winning races, but it’s a matter of safety as well. If you crack under the pressure of working very quickly, you might make mistakes that could put a driver at risk.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"You’ll need good teamwork skills and a team player mindset.\", \"描述\": \"The driver might get most of the attention when your team wins a race, but they couldn’t win races without a team of dedicated mechanics! Make sure you’re able to communicate effectively and work well together with others as part of a team working towards a common goal.Besides working with the driver and other mechanics, you’ll also be receiving instructions from an F1 engineer regarding the car you’re working on.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How can I get relevant work experience?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Offer your services for free to relevant places of interest.\", \"描述\": \"Write to motorsport companies, auto mechanic shops, and any other type of company where you could put your mechanic skills to good use. Explain to them that you’re trying to gain experience and would be happy to work without pay for a period of time.\\n[If you take post-secondary courses in something like motor vehicle engineering or auto mechanics, your educational institution might be able to place you in an internship or apprenticeship of some kind.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for paid jobs with non-F1 racing teams.\", \"描述\": \"Search online for jobs with racing teams in other leagues like Formula 3, Formula 2, Formula Junior, and the different Formula leagues for specific car manufacturer’s. Fill out and submit applications for as many roles as possible to try and land your first motorsport job.If you live near a local race track, even something like a rally course, you could even try to find a job with a really small local team to start.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try to get an F1 apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the websites for different F1 racing teams and car manufacturers and check if they have apprenticeship programs. Look at the application requirements and process and follow the steps to apply. If you don’t find an apprenticeship right away, keep checking back and trying.\\nGeneral requirements for apprenticeships are passing grades in your high school or equivalent education, as well as maths, English, and science classes.\\nIf you’re lucky enough to land an apprenticeship for an F1 team, you might be able to work your way up the ladder and stay on with the team after the program ends.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"How do I apply for an F1 job?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply online for open F1 jobs with racing teams and auto manufacturers.\", \"描述\": \"Go to the websites for as many teams and manufacturers as you can find and visit the career page on each site. Read the job openings and submit an application for any that you are even a little bit qualified for.\\nThere are also job listings sites specific to careers in motorsports that list a variety of jobs with different F1 teams.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write to many different F1 teams and ask if you could work for them.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you can’t find job openings or your applications get rejected, you can still try your luck. Find the email addresses or physical addresses for as many different racing teams as you can and send them letters explaining why you want to work for them and what your experience is. Ask them if there is any position at all that they could hire you for.\\nEven if you get rejected, some teams might be nice enough to write back and tell you what experience you’re missing that they’re looking for. Then, you can try to get that experience through another job or a course.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be persistent and apply constantly.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t give up if you keep receiving rejection letters or don’t hear back about applications you’ve submitted. Search for job openings with teams and auto manufacturers every day and keep submitting those online applications. Keep writing to teams and asking if you can work for them, especially if you’ve gained more experience since the last time you reached out.\\nRemember that even if you don’t get your dream F1 mechanic job, there are tons of other motorsport leagues that you could have just as much fun working for for a few years until you’re more than qualified to work in F1!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"What is working as an F1 mechanic like?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You’ll spend a lot of time travelling and away from home.\", \"描述\": \"F1 teams spend up to 250 days a year travelling. This means you’ll be away from family, friends, and loved ones and spending many hours in planes and other transportation.\\nPre-season testing starts in February for F1 and the last race is at the end of November.\\nThis is where being passionate about the sport really comes in handy. Even though the job demands a lot of time, you’ll be doing something you love.\\nEngines have friction. They have oil that runs through them to cool down all the metal moving parts.\\nSo you need to change the oil. That is the basic maintenance of a combustion engine.\\nDifferent manufacturers have different types of maintenance schedules. But every gas car needs an oil change.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"You might work long hours and not get a lot of sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Mechanics typically leave their hotel early, around 6:30 or 7:30 AM, to get to the track. Sometimes you may work until as late as 11 PM, then do it all over again the next day. In other words, it’s not your typical 8-hour job!The good thing is you know the schedule for the whole year right away, so you can plan trips home and time off. You also get long breaks twice a year, in December and August.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"It’s loud!\", \"描述\": \"You spend a lot of time in shops and near race tracks with the constant noise of power tools and fast cars. Wear the appropriate ear protection when you’re on the job to avoid hearing problems later in life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"How much money do F1 mechanics make?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The average salary varies based on position and experience.\", \"描述\": \"However, you can expect a starting annual salary of somewhere around $30,000 USD. Pit crew chiefs, on the other hand, can make up to a whopping $1 million USD a year!\\nIn general, mechanics make a median annual salary of about $40,000 USD. If you ever get laid off of your job as an F1 mechanic, it’s nice to know that you should be able to easily find a decent paying mechanic job elsewhere.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,003 |
How to Become an FAA Safety Inspector
|
1. Steps
1-1. Complete your high school education.
You will need to prove that you achieved this level of education when you apply to work at the Federal Aviation Administration. Submitting proof of a higher level education can be substituted.
1-2. Gain experience in the aviation field.
The 2 most common routes are to become a pilot or an airplane mechanic.
Obtain your pilot's license. Most people gain a private pilot's license by passing a theory and practical test. Then, they log at least 250 flying hours so that they can begin training for their commercial license. Attending a flying school is a popular way to get experience with commercial aircraft. Pass the required practical FAA examination to become a licensed pilot.
Pursue an airplane mechanic or engineering degree from an aviation maintenance school. These are usually located at technical colleges. You will be required to pass a 3-part FAA examination, including a written, oral and practical test.
1-3. Gain the required experience working in aviation.
FAA inspectors usually have at least 5 years of industry experience, although it will depend upon the position you would like to hold.
Pilots must have 1,500 flight hours with commercial craft. They must also have at least 100 flight hours in the last 3 years, and have at least 1 year of experience flying aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must be able to prove a healthy medical inspection and no more than 2 flying errors in the past 5 years.
Avionics applicants apply to inspect repair facilities and training programs. They must be able to show that they have avionics experience on aircraft over 12,500 lbs. They must also have experience in avionics maintenance and/or repair within the last 3 years.
Maintenance inspectors must have experience repairing and maintaining aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must have some experience in the industry in the last 3 years, and they must carry an FAA maintenance license.
1-4. Gain at least 1 year of experience in a supervisory position.
The FAA looks for people who are capable of leadership and management.
1-5. Develop your professional skills.
The FAA looks for people who possess the following skills: public speaking, writing, interpersonal, risk management, ethics, organization and decision-making. If you require improvement in 1 of these areas, consider taking classes or joining a professional organization to get training.
1-6. Search for inspector positions at FAA.
FAA hiring differs from year to year, based on the number of openings there are nationally. Some years can be highly competitive, so you may need to apply more than once.
There are several different positions for FAA safety inspectors. If you are applying to evaluate pilots, you will want to apply for an operation safety inspector position with air carriers or general aviation. If you have history in avionics, you will apply for an avionics safety inspector position. If you have a maintenance license, you will apply for a mechanical safety inspector position.
1-7. Pass a drug test.
FAA safety inspectors can not have an addiction that could affect their performance.
1-8. Pass a medical exam.
FAA safety inspectors may be required to undergo a medical exam, or show proof of a recent medical evaluation.
Tips
As with any job application, you should tailor your resume to the job you are applying for. Proof your resume well and only include pertinent information about your employer, experience, contact information, professional memberships and professional accolades. You will also want to include your licenses and educational background in this 1 to 2 page document.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Complete your high school education.\\nYou will need to prove that you achieved this level of education when you apply to work at the Federal Aviation Administration. Submitting proof of a higher level education can be substituted.\\n1-2. Gain experience in the aviation field.\\nThe 2 most common routes are to become a pilot or an airplane mechanic.\\nObtain your pilot's license. Most people gain a private pilot's license by passing a theory and practical test. Then, they log at least 250 flying hours so that they can begin training for their commercial license. Attending a flying school is a popular way to get experience with commercial aircraft. Pass the required practical FAA examination to become a licensed pilot.\\nPursue an airplane mechanic or engineering degree from an aviation maintenance school. These are usually located at technical colleges. You will be required to pass a 3-part FAA examination, including a written, oral and practical test.\\n1-3. Gain the required experience working in aviation.\\nFAA inspectors usually have at least 5 years of industry experience, although it will depend upon the position you would like to hold.\\nPilots must have 1,500 flight hours with commercial craft. They must also have at least 100 flight hours in the last 3 years, and have at least 1 year of experience flying aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must be able to prove a healthy medical inspection and no more than 2 flying errors in the past 5 years.\\nAvionics applicants apply to inspect repair facilities and training programs. They must be able to show that they have avionics experience on aircraft over 12,500 lbs. They must also have experience in avionics maintenance and/or repair within the last 3 years.\\nMaintenance inspectors must have experience repairing and maintaining aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must have some experience in the industry in the last 3 years, and they must carry an FAA maintenance license.\\n1-4. Gain at least 1 year of experience in a supervisory position.\\nThe FAA looks for people who are capable of leadership and management.\\n1-5. Develop your professional skills.\\nThe FAA looks for people who possess the following skills: public speaking, writing, interpersonal, risk management, ethics, organization and decision-making. If you require improvement in 1 of these areas, consider taking classes or joining a professional organization to get training.\\n1-6. Search for inspector positions at FAA.\\nFAA hiring differs from year to year, based on the number of openings there are nationally. Some years can be highly competitive, so you may need to apply more than once.\\nThere are several different positions for FAA safety inspectors. If you are applying to evaluate pilots, you will want to apply for an operation safety inspector position with air carriers or general aviation. If you have history in avionics, you will apply for an avionics safety inspector position. If you have a maintenance license, you will apply for a mechanical safety inspector position.\\n1-7. Pass a drug test.\\nFAA safety inspectors can not have an addiction that could affect their performance.\\n1-8. Pass a medical exam.\\nFAA safety inspectors may be required to undergo a medical exam, or show proof of a recent medical evaluation.\\nTips\\nAs with any job application, you should tailor your resume to the job you are applying for. Proof your resume well and only include pertinent information about your employer, experience, contact information, professional memberships and professional accolades. You will also want to include your licenses and educational background in this 1 to 2 page document.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The United States Federal Aviation Association inspects pilots, aircraft, training programs and equipment to ensure they meet safety standards. FAA safety inspectors are usually experienced industry professionals in maintenance or piloting. After at least 5 years of licensed experience in the industry, you can apply for an inspector position in operations, avionics or maintenance. You will be required to undergo interviews, drug tests and medical examinations during the application process. Find out how to become an FAA safety inspector.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your high school education.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to prove that you achieved this level of education when you apply to work at the Federal Aviation Administration. Submitting proof of a higher level education can be substituted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain experience in the aviation field.\", \"描述\": \"The 2 most common routes are to become a pilot or an airplane mechanic.\\nObtain your pilot's license. Most people gain a private pilot's license by passing a theory and practical test. Then, they log at least 250 flying hours so that they can begin training for their commercial license. Attending a flying school is a popular way to get experience with commercial aircraft. Pass the required practical FAA examination to become a licensed pilot.\\nPursue an airplane mechanic or engineering degree from an aviation maintenance school. These are usually located at technical colleges. You will be required to pass a 3-part FAA examination, including a written, oral and practical test.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain the required experience working in aviation.\", \"描述\": \"FAA inspectors usually have at least 5 years of industry experience, although it will depend upon the position you would like to hold.\\nPilots must have 1,500 flight hours with commercial craft. They must also have at least 100 flight hours in the last 3 years, and have at least 1 year of experience flying aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must be able to prove a healthy medical inspection and no more than 2 flying errors in the past 5 years.\\nAvionics applicants apply to inspect repair facilities and training programs. They must be able to show that they have avionics experience on aircraft over 12,500 lbs. They must also have experience in avionics maintenance and/or repair within the last 3 years.\\nMaintenance inspectors must have experience repairing and maintaining aircraft that is over 12,500 lbs. They must have some experience in the industry in the last 3 years, and they must carry an FAA maintenance license.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gain at least 1 year of experience in a supervisory position.\", \"描述\": \"The FAA looks for people who are capable of leadership and management.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Develop your professional skills.\", \"描述\": \"The FAA looks for people who possess the following skills: public speaking, writing, interpersonal, risk management, ethics, organization and decision-making. If you require improvement in 1 of these areas, consider taking classes or joining a professional organization to get training.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Search for inspector positions at FAA.\", \"描述\": \"FAA hiring differs from year to year, based on the number of openings there are nationally. Some years can be highly competitive, so you may need to apply more than once.\\nThere are several different positions for FAA safety inspectors. If you are applying to evaluate pilots, you will want to apply for an operation safety inspector position with air carriers or general aviation. If you have history in avionics, you will apply for an avionics safety inspector position. If you have a maintenance license, you will apply for a mechanical safety inspector position.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass a drug test.\", \"描述\": \"FAA safety inspectors can not have an addiction that could affect their performance.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Pass a medical exam.\", \"描述\": \"FAA safety inspectors may be required to undergo a medical exam, or show proof of a recent medical evaluation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As with any job application, you should tailor your resume to the job you are applying for. Proof your resume well and only include pertinent information about your employer, experience, contact information, professional memberships and professional accolades. You will also want to include your licenses and educational background in this 1 to 2 page document.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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6,004 |
How to Become an FBI Agent
|
1. Meeting the Requirements
1-1. Earn a Bachelor's degree from an accredited institution.
In order to be eligible to become an FBI agent, you have to complete a Bachelor's degree from a college or university first. Your degree can be in any subject, although the institution has to be accredited by an institutional association recognized by the U.S. government.
While the FBI accepts applicants with degrees in a variety of subjects, as of September 2018, the agency is especially interested in applicants who’ve earned degrees in either finance, computer science, engineering, or international studies.
All potential FBI agents must qualify for 1 of 5 Special Agent Entry Programs: Language, Law, Accounting, Computer Science, or Diversified (for those lacking the specialized skills of the other entry programs). If you’d like to qualify for any of the first 4 programs, you’ll need to pursue a degree in a relevant field (e.g., computer science).
1-2. Complete 3 years of professional work experience in your field.
All FBI applicants need to have worked in a job in their field for at least 3 years prior to beginning the application process. The more relevant experience you can acquire, the stronger your application will be.
For example, if you want to qualify for the Law Entry Program, you should have at least 3 years of experience in a legal profession (e.g., a law clerk).
1-3. Study a foreign language to make yourself a more competitive applicant.
Foreign language fluency or competence is not one of the FBI’s entry requirements. However, it is an important skill that the agency considers very valuable. To make yourself the most competitive, study a critical foreign language and gain at least a working knowledge of it.
The top languages sought by the FBI include Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Russian, and Hebrew.
Spanish is also considered a critical foreign language. However, you’ll need to achieve a high level of fluency in the language, or the equivalent of 3 years of formal education.
1-4. Acquire an official United States driver’s license.
All FBI applicants need to possess an American driver’s license. The license also needs to be valid in the U.S. and can’t be expired.
You can obtain a driver’s license by submitting an application to the DMV, passing a written test on rules of the road, and completing a driving test.
1-5. Confirm that your age and citizenship status meet the FBI’s entry requirements.
Candidates to the FBI have to be between the ages of 23 and 37. They also need to be American citizens or citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Veterans who apply to become an FBI agent may be granted a waiver if they’re older than 37. All other applicants must be younger than 37.
2. Completing the Application and Initial Testing
2-1. Submit an online application form.
The application will ask you to provide details about your residential history, education, and work experience. Be as detailed as possible and make sure that all of your information is accurate.
Provide all of the addresses of your previous residences, places of employment, and schools you’ve attended. If you’ve completed any relevant internships, include information about them as well.
If you’ve worked for multiple different employers, give reasons for why each of your previous jobs ended.
The application form can be accessed at the FBIJobs website: https://www.fbijobs.gov/working-at-FBI/how-to-apply.
Do not say you went to a prestigious high school if you did not go to it. The teams can research and find out the truth.
Do not leave off your interests section. It can show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.
Do not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader an idea of what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.
2-2. Pass the basic knowledge exams in Phase 1.
If you’re selected for further testing based on your online application, you will be contacted by a local FBI agent who will guide you in scheduling and completing Phase 1 Testing. This phase consists of written exams that cover basic information in subjects like mathematics, reading comprehension, and writing, as well as assess your skills in logical reasoning and situational judgment.
For example, you may be asked questions to see how well you catch details, evaluate situations, and make judgment calls about responding to situations and dealing with the public.
Phase 1 Testing is carried out at an FBI facility. Make sure you arrive at the facility on-time and well-rested on the day of your exams.
Note that, based on which Entry Program you intend to go through, you may be required to complete additional testing in a relevant field, such as computer science or law.
2-3. Complete the written exam and oral interview in Phase 2 Testing.
If you pass Phase 1, you’ll move on to Phase 2, which includes a written exam and an in-person interview with a panel of FBI Special Agents. The written exam tests writing skills, while the interview will assess your communication skills and response clarity.
For the written exam, you’ll be given 90 minutes to analyze data and information given to you on the spot and to prepare a comprehensive report based on that data. For the interview, the panel will you ask you 13 questions designed to assess your decisiveness, integrity, adaptability, attitude, and cognitive skills.
Be open and honest with the agents interviewing you. While you should certainly sell yourself as an applicant, you’ll only weaken your application if you lie.
Dress well for the interview; you’d be surprised how much this can impact your confidence going into the interview.
2-4. Wait to receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment.
After you’ve finished Phase 2 Testing, your next step is to wait to see if you’ve been selected to move forward in the hiring process. If you have been, you’ll receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment in the mail.
If the FBI sends you a Conditional Letter of Appointment, you will most likely receive it within 90 days of completing Phase 2. The letter will contain all of the relevant information about the next steps in the process of being hired as an FBI agent.
Note that even if you pass Phase 2 Testing, you may not receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment. This is because the FBI only grants these letters based on the critical skills that the agency needs at any given time.
If you did not pass Phase 2, the FBI will notify and alert you that you might be eligible to for a one-time retest.
3. Going Through the Final Testing and Training
3-1. Meet the FBI’s physical requirements by passing the fitness test.
There are a set of physical standards that all FBI applicants who receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment must be able to meet. These are different for male and female applicants.
Male applicants must be able to perform 45-47 sit-ups in a minute, 44-49 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 46.1-49.9 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 10:35-11:09 minutes.
Female applicants must be able to perform 44-46 sit-ups in a minute, 27-29 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 56.0-57.4 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 11:57-12:29 minutes.
3-2. Carry out a polygraph exam as part of your background check.
If you receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment, a background check will be performed on you and you’ll need to undergo a polygraph examination. Be sure you are completely honest during this exam, as lying on a polygraph exam will result in your dismissal as a potential FBI agent.
Your background check will include interviews with previous employers, neighbors, and family members, as well as a credit check and arrest check.
Things that come up in a background check that might disqualify you include a criminal record, poor credit history, or any evidence that you lied on part of your application.
3-3. Confirm you’re in good health by going through a medical examination.
The medical exam is administered to those applicants who successfully complete the fitness test and background check. The exam includes a vision test, hearing test, and blood pressure test.
You will not necessarily be disqualified for a minor health issue. The exam is to ensure that you don’t have any health issues that may interfere with your ability to do your job as an FBI agent.
3-4. Move on to the FBI training academy.
Once you pass your medical exam, you will then be scheduled to undergo training at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. This training will take place over 17 weeks.
The training programs at the FBI academy focus on firearms skills, investigative techniques, driving skills, survival skills, and leadership training.
Once you complete your training, you will be employed by the FBI as a Special Agent.
Tips
It might be helpful for you to be proficient in using firearms before you begin training at Quantico.
Try to get an internship with the FBI - it's a great way to get your foot in the door.
Consider taking courses in foreign languages while you are in the application process. It sometimes takes well over a year to get an interview. In that time you can increase your chances by expanding your language skills.
Warnings
The agency still largely relies on the polygraph and has come under criticism for dismissing possible applicants for inconclusive polygraph results. Almost any questionable reading will land your application in the Do-Not-Hire pile.
The application and hiring process can last from 90 days to over 2 years.
The FBI hiring process, and especially the background check, will necessarily include a close inspection of your private life. Make sure you’re comfortable with the agency grilling you and people close to you on subjects you might not feel comfortable discussing with any other potential employer, such as politics, ideologies, personal relationships, and even sexual preferences.
Note that being an FBI agent will require you to be willing to relocate to wherever they tell you to go.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Requirements\\n1-1. Earn a Bachelor's degree from an accredited institution.\\nIn order to be eligible to become an FBI agent, you have to complete a Bachelor's degree from a college or university first. Your degree can be in any subject, although the institution has to be accredited by an institutional association recognized by the U.S. government.\\nWhile the FBI accepts applicants with degrees in a variety of subjects, as of September 2018, the agency is especially interested in applicants who’ve earned degrees in either finance, computer science, engineering, or international studies.\\nAll potential FBI agents must qualify for 1 of 5 Special Agent Entry Programs: Language, Law, Accounting, Computer Science, or Diversified (for those lacking the specialized skills of the other entry programs). If you’d like to qualify for any of the first 4 programs, you’ll need to pursue a degree in a relevant field (e.g., computer science).\\n1-2. Complete 3 years of professional work experience in your field.\\nAll FBI applicants need to have worked in a job in their field for at least 3 years prior to beginning the application process. The more relevant experience you can acquire, the stronger your application will be.\\nFor example, if you want to qualify for the Law Entry Program, you should have at least 3 years of experience in a legal profession (e.g., a law clerk).\\n1-3. Study a foreign language to make yourself a more competitive applicant.\\nForeign language fluency or competence is not one of the FBI’s entry requirements. However, it is an important skill that the agency considers very valuable. To make yourself the most competitive, study a critical foreign language and gain at least a working knowledge of it.\\nThe top languages sought by the FBI include Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Russian, and Hebrew.\\nSpanish is also considered a critical foreign language. However, you’ll need to achieve a high level of fluency in the language, or the equivalent of 3 years of formal education.\\n1-4. Acquire an official United States driver’s license.\\nAll FBI applicants need to possess an American driver’s license. The license also needs to be valid in the U.S. and can’t be expired.\\nYou can obtain a driver’s license by submitting an application to the DMV, passing a written test on rules of the road, and completing a driving test.\\n1-5. Confirm that your age and citizenship status meet the FBI’s entry requirements.\\nCandidates to the FBI have to be between the ages of 23 and 37. They also need to be American citizens or citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands.\\nVeterans who apply to become an FBI agent may be granted a waiver if they’re older than 37. All other applicants must be younger than 37.\\n2. Completing the Application and Initial Testing\\n2-1. Submit an online application form.\\nThe application will ask you to provide details about your residential history, education, and work experience. Be as detailed as possible and make sure that all of your information is accurate.\\nProvide all of the addresses of your previous residences, places of employment, and schools you’ve attended. If you’ve completed any relevant internships, include information about them as well.\\nIf you’ve worked for multiple different employers, give reasons for why each of your previous jobs ended.\\nThe application form can be accessed at the FBIJobs website: https://www.fbijobs.gov/working-at-FBI/how-to-apply.\\nDo not say you went to a prestigious high school if you did not go to it. The teams can research and find out the truth.\\nDo not leave off your interests section. It can show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.\\nDo not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader an idea of what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.\\n2-2. Pass the basic knowledge exams in Phase 1.\\nIf you’re selected for further testing based on your online application, you will be contacted by a local FBI agent who will guide you in scheduling and completing Phase 1 Testing. This phase consists of written exams that cover basic information in subjects like mathematics, reading comprehension, and writing, as well as assess your skills in logical reasoning and situational judgment.\\nFor example, you may be asked questions to see how well you catch details, evaluate situations, and make judgment calls about responding to situations and dealing with the public.\\nPhase 1 Testing is carried out at an FBI facility. Make sure you arrive at the facility on-time and well-rested on the day of your exams.\\nNote that, based on which Entry Program you intend to go through, you may be required to complete additional testing in a relevant field, such as computer science or law.\\n2-3. Complete the written exam and oral interview in Phase 2 Testing.\\nIf you pass Phase 1, you’ll move on to Phase 2, which includes a written exam and an in-person interview with a panel of FBI Special Agents. The written exam tests writing skills, while the interview will assess your communication skills and response clarity.\\nFor the written exam, you’ll be given 90 minutes to analyze data and information given to you on the spot and to prepare a comprehensive report based on that data. For the interview, the panel will you ask you 13 questions designed to assess your decisiveness, integrity, adaptability, attitude, and cognitive skills.\\nBe open and honest with the agents interviewing you. While you should certainly sell yourself as an applicant, you’ll only weaken your application if you lie.\\nDress well for the interview; you’d be surprised how much this can impact your confidence going into the interview.\\n2-4. Wait to receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment.\\nAfter you’ve finished Phase 2 Testing, your next step is to wait to see if you’ve been selected to move forward in the hiring process. If you have been, you’ll receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment in the mail.\\nIf the FBI sends you a Conditional Letter of Appointment, you will most likely receive it within 90 days of completing Phase 2. The letter will contain all of the relevant information about the next steps in the process of being hired as an FBI agent.\\nNote that even if you pass Phase 2 Testing, you may not receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment. This is because the FBI only grants these letters based on the critical skills that the agency needs at any given time.\\nIf you did not pass Phase 2, the FBI will notify and alert you that you might be eligible to for a one-time retest.\\n3. Going Through the Final Testing and Training\\n3-1. Meet the FBI’s physical requirements by passing the fitness test.\\nThere are a set of physical standards that all FBI applicants who receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment must be able to meet. These are different for male and female applicants.\\nMale applicants must be able to perform 45-47 sit-ups in a minute, 44-49 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 46.1-49.9 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 10:35-11:09 minutes.\\nFemale applicants must be able to perform 44-46 sit-ups in a minute, 27-29 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 56.0-57.4 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 11:57-12:29 minutes.\\n3-2. Carry out a polygraph exam as part of your background check.\\nIf you receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment, a background check will be performed on you and you’ll need to undergo a polygraph examination. Be sure you are completely honest during this exam, as lying on a polygraph exam will result in your dismissal as a potential FBI agent.\\nYour background check will include interviews with previous employers, neighbors, and family members, as well as a credit check and arrest check.\\nThings that come up in a background check that might disqualify you include a criminal record, poor credit history, or any evidence that you lied on part of your application.\\n3-3. Confirm you’re in good health by going through a medical examination.\\nThe medical exam is administered to those applicants who successfully complete the fitness test and background check. The exam includes a vision test, hearing test, and blood pressure test.\\nYou will not necessarily be disqualified for a minor health issue. The exam is to ensure that you don’t have any health issues that may interfere with your ability to do your job as an FBI agent.\\n3-4. Move on to the FBI training academy.\\nOnce you pass your medical exam, you will then be scheduled to undergo training at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. This training will take place over 17 weeks.\\nThe training programs at the FBI academy focus on firearms skills, investigative techniques, driving skills, survival skills, and leadership training.\\nOnce you complete your training, you will be employed by the FBI as a Special Agent.\\nTips\\nIt might be helpful for you to be proficient in using firearms before you begin training at Quantico.\\nTry to get an internship with the FBI - it's a great way to get your foot in the door.\\nConsider taking courses in foreign languages while you are in the application process. It sometimes takes well over a year to get an interview. In that time you can increase your chances by expanding your language skills.\\nWarnings\\nThe agency still largely relies on the polygraph and has come under criticism for dismissing possible applicants for inconclusive polygraph results. Almost any questionable reading will land your application in the Do-Not-Hire pile.\\nThe application and hiring process can last from 90 days to over 2 years.\\nThe FBI hiring process, and especially the background check, will necessarily include a close inspection of your private life. Make sure you’re comfortable with the agency grilling you and people close to you on subjects you might not feel comfortable discussing with any other potential employer, such as politics, ideologies, personal relationships, and even sexual preferences.\\nNote that being an FBI agent will require you to be willing to relocate to wherever they tell you to go.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is a prestigious and noble career path. However, meeting the FBI’s eligibility requirements and completing the rigorous application process can seem quite daunting. Luckily, by taking the right to steps to prepare for a career in the FBI and going through each step of the application process, you can increase your chances of becoming an FBI agent.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a Bachelor's degree from an accredited institution.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be eligible to become an FBI agent, you have to complete a Bachelor's degree from a college or university first. Your degree can be in any subject, although the institution has to be accredited by an institutional association recognized by the U.S. government.\\nWhile the FBI accepts applicants with degrees in a variety of subjects, as of September 2018, the agency is especially interested in applicants who’ve earned degrees in either finance, computer science, engineering, or international studies.\\nAll potential FBI agents must qualify for 1 of 5 Special Agent Entry Programs: Language, Law, Accounting, Computer Science, or Diversified (for those lacking the specialized skills of the other entry programs). If you’d like to qualify for any of the first 4 programs, you’ll need to pursue a degree in a relevant field (e.g., computer science).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete 3 years of professional work experience in your field.\", \"描述\": \"All FBI applicants need to have worked in a job in their field for at least 3 years prior to beginning the application process. The more relevant experience you can acquire, the stronger your application will be.\\nFor example, if you want to qualify for the Law Entry Program, you should have at least 3 years of experience in a legal profession (e.g., a law clerk).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study a foreign language to make yourself a more competitive applicant.\", \"描述\": \"Foreign language fluency or competence is not one of the FBI’s entry requirements. However, it is an important skill that the agency considers very valuable. To make yourself the most competitive, study a critical foreign language and gain at least a working knowledge of it.\\nThe top languages sought by the FBI include Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Russian, and Hebrew.\\nSpanish is also considered a critical foreign language. However, you’ll need to achieve a high level of fluency in the language, or the equivalent of 3 years of formal education.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Acquire an official United States driver’s license.\", \"描述\": \"All FBI applicants need to possess an American driver’s license. The license also needs to be valid in the U.S. and can’t be expired.\\nYou can obtain a driver’s license by submitting an application to the DMV, passing a written test on rules of the road, and completing a driving test.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Confirm that your age and citizenship status meet the FBI’s entry requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Candidates to the FBI have to be between the ages of 23 and 37. They also need to be American citizens or citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands.\\nVeterans who apply to become an FBI agent may be granted a waiver if they’re older than 37. All other applicants must be younger than 37.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing the Application and Initial Testing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Submit an online application form.\", \"描述\": \"The application will ask you to provide details about your residential history, education, and work experience. Be as detailed as possible and make sure that all of your information is accurate.\\nProvide all of the addresses of your previous residences, places of employment, and schools you’ve attended. If you’ve completed any relevant internships, include information about them as well.\\nIf you’ve worked for multiple different employers, give reasons for why each of your previous jobs ended.\\nThe application form can be accessed at the FBIJobs website: https://www.fbijobs.gov/working-at-FBI/how-to-apply.\\nDo not say you went to a prestigious high school if you did not go to it. The teams can research and find out the truth.\\nDo not leave off your interests section. It can show why you are an interesting person beyond your work.\\nDo not leave off a summary statement or an objective statement. It gives the reader an idea of what they will get if they read the rest of your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the basic knowledge exams in Phase 1.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re selected for further testing based on your online application, you will be contacted by a local FBI agent who will guide you in scheduling and completing Phase 1 Testing. This phase consists of written exams that cover basic information in subjects like mathematics, reading comprehension, and writing, as well as assess your skills in logical reasoning and situational judgment.\\nFor example, you may be asked questions to see how well you catch details, evaluate situations, and make judgment calls about responding to situations and dealing with the public.\\nPhase 1 Testing is carried out at an FBI facility. Make sure you arrive at the facility on-time and well-rested on the day of your exams.\\nNote that, based on which Entry Program you intend to go through, you may be required to complete additional testing in a relevant field, such as computer science or law.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the written exam and oral interview in Phase 2 Testing.\", \"描述\": \"If you pass Phase 1, you’ll move on to Phase 2, which includes a written exam and an in-person interview with a panel of FBI Special Agents. The written exam tests writing skills, while the interview will assess your communication skills and response clarity.\\nFor the written exam, you’ll be given 90 minutes to analyze data and information given to you on the spot and to prepare a comprehensive report based on that data. For the interview, the panel will you ask you 13 questions designed to assess your decisiveness, integrity, adaptability, attitude, and cognitive skills.\\nBe open and honest with the agents interviewing you. While you should certainly sell yourself as an applicant, you’ll only weaken your application if you lie.\\nDress well for the interview; you’d be surprised how much this can impact your confidence going into the interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait to receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment.\", \"描述\": \"After you’ve finished Phase 2 Testing, your next step is to wait to see if you’ve been selected to move forward in the hiring process. If you have been, you’ll receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment in the mail.\\nIf the FBI sends you a Conditional Letter of Appointment, you will most likely receive it within 90 days of completing Phase 2. The letter will contain all of the relevant information about the next steps in the process of being hired as an FBI agent.\\nNote that even if you pass Phase 2 Testing, you may not receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment. This is because the FBI only grants these letters based on the critical skills that the agency needs at any given time.\\nIf you did not pass Phase 2, the FBI will notify and alert you that you might be eligible to for a one-time retest.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Going Through the Final Testing and Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the FBI’s physical requirements by passing the fitness test.\", \"描述\": \"There are a set of physical standards that all FBI applicants who receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment must be able to meet. These are different for male and female applicants.\\nMale applicants must be able to perform 45-47 sit-ups in a minute, 44-49 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 46.1-49.9 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 10:35-11:09 minutes.\\nFemale applicants must be able to perform 44-46 sit-ups in a minute, 27-29 pushups in a row, complete a 300-meter sprint in 56.0-57.4 seconds, and complete a 1.5-mile run in 11:57-12:29 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Carry out a polygraph exam as part of your background check.\", \"描述\": \"If you receive a Conditional Letter of Appointment, a background check will be performed on you and you’ll need to undergo a polygraph examination. Be sure you are completely honest during this exam, as lying on a polygraph exam will result in your dismissal as a potential FBI agent.\\nYour background check will include interviews with previous employers, neighbors, and family members, as well as a credit check and arrest check.\\nThings that come up in a background check that might disqualify you include a criminal record, poor credit history, or any evidence that you lied on part of your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Confirm you’re in good health by going through a medical examination.\", \"描述\": \"The medical exam is administered to those applicants who successfully complete the fitness test and background check. The exam includes a vision test, hearing test, and blood pressure test.\\nYou will not necessarily be disqualified for a minor health issue. The exam is to ensure that you don’t have any health issues that may interfere with your ability to do your job as an FBI agent.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Move on to the FBI training academy.\", \"描述\": \"Once you pass your medical exam, you will then be scheduled to undergo training at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. This training will take place over 17 weeks.\\nThe training programs at the FBI academy focus on firearms skills, investigative techniques, driving skills, survival skills, and leadership training.\\nOnce you complete your training, you will be employed by the FBI as a Special Agent.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It might be helpful for you to be proficient in using firearms before you begin training at Quantico.\\n\", \"Try to get an internship with the FBI - it's a great way to get your foot in the door.\\n\", \"Consider taking courses in foreign languages while you are in the application process. It sometimes takes well over a year to get an interview. In that time you can increase your chances by expanding your language skills.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"The agency still largely relies on the polygraph and has come under criticism for dismissing possible applicants for inconclusive polygraph results. Almost any questionable reading will land your application in the Do-Not-Hire pile.\\n\", \"The application and hiring process can last from 90 days to over 2 years.\\n\", \"The FBI hiring process, and especially the background check, will necessarily include a close inspection of your private life. Make sure you’re comfortable with the agency grilling you and people close to you on subjects you might not feel comfortable discussing with any other potential employer, such as politics, ideologies, personal relationships, and even sexual preferences.\\n\", \"Note that being an FBI agent will require you to be willing to relocate to wherever they tell you to go.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,005 |
How to Become an FBI Profiler
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1. Preparing for a Career in Profiling and Law Enforcement
1-1. Research what FBI “profiling” actually is.
Despite the portrayals of profiling on television and in other media, the job does not use psychic impressions to solve crimes. Instead, it is based on using advanced methods of analysis drawing upon psychology, sociology, and other disciplines in order to identify offender characteristics. It requires a thorough knowledge of how crimes are committed, and of criminal personalities.
FBI agents engaged in profiling tasks draw on expertise based on a combination of experience (in law enforcement, for example) and scientific analysis.
1-2. Learn about the profiling process.
Profiling requires mental flexibility and a multidisciplinary approach. Would-be profilers will need excellent critical thinking skills and a good understanding of other people. The profiling process typically has a number of steps that will require expertise in a number of areas:
Evaluation of the criminal act
Evaluation of the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
Evaluation of police reports
Evaluation of medical examiners' reports, autopsies, etc.
Development of a profile of the type of person likely to have committed the crime
Making suggestions based on the profile
1-3. Get an undergraduate degree.
There is no specific major in profiling. Concentrations in sociology, psychology, or criminology, however, can make good preparation.
Seek a major in a subject that provides background in these areas, that you enjoy, and that you do well in.
Take forensic science courses whenever they are available, since this specialized content is highly applicable to a career as a profiler.
1-4. Seek out internships.
To develop your skills and to gain hands on experience, you can intern with an organization relevant to criminal profiling; for instance, with legal aid or a public defender's office.
The FBI also offers internships with its Behavior Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU). This unit provides specialized education regarding the use of behavioral science in law enforcement. Information about these full-time internships is available at the FBI's Student Center website beginning in September or October of each application year.
2. Gathering Experience in the Field
2-1. Develop skills in a position.
Gaining hands-on experience in a field that will enable you to become familiar with many personality and criminal types is necessary preparation for a profiler. Good choices include law enforcement, working at a prison, or social work.
Since the NCAVC investigates violent crimes, experience with these types of offenses and associated crime scenes is very beneficial if you are looking for a career with the agency.
The FBI may also employ profiling techniques in other settings; for instance, to solve “white-collar” crimes, or to handle hostage situations, so a position which provides experience in these areas can also be beneficial.
2-2. Gain a fellowship.
The International Criminal Investigation Analysis Fellowship (ICIAF) is a selective training program for current law enforcement agents. The experiences offered by the ICIAF are excellent training for those hoping to become FBI profilers. The ICIAF is highly selective, however, and applicants must:
Be sponsored by a Full Fellow of the ICIAF (who completed the fellowship program in the past, along with other specialized training)
Be a sworn officer of a national or state police agency
Have at least ten years experience in police work
Have at least two years experience investigating violent crimes, such as sex crimes and/or homicide
Be a highly recognized investigator
Have excellent interpersonal skills
2-3. Conduct academic research in a field related to criminal investigation.
Whether or not you gain experience in law enforcement, certain kinds of academic research can be beneficial to a career as a profiler. Completing research in areas like criminal behavior, the sociology of crime, or forensics would deepen your knowledge of criminal investigation and be relevant to profiling tasks.
You can complete research even at the undergraduate level (for example, by writing a term paper or senior project on criminal investigation). However, an advanced degree in an area like forensic science or behavioral science provides more extensive research experience and is more impressive
3. Gaining Experience in the FBI
3-1. Find work as an FBI agent or in law enforcement.
Agents who work in the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) of the NCAVC, which engages in profiling, may have as many as seven to ten years experience as an FBI agent before entering service in the unit. Others may have extensive experience in state or local law enforcement.
Previous background in law enforcement can be very helpful when trying to gain a position in the FBI.
You can find information about current job possibilities with the FBI, and how to apply for them, at the FBI Jobs website.
3-2. Meet basic eligibility requirements.
There are very few special agent positions in the FBI, and not every current FBI employee is eligible to serve as a special agent. To apply to become a FBI special agent (including with the NCAVC), you must:
Be a U.S. citizen
Be between 23 and 36 1/2 years old, in most cases
Have a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution
Have at least 3 years of full time work experience (in some cases, you can have a combination of education and work experience, or waive the work experience requirement)
Have lived in the U.S. or one of its territories for 3 of the last 5 years
Not have been convicted of a felony, a domestic violence misdemeanor or more serious offense
Not have knowingly or willfully engaged in acts or activities designed to overthrow the U.S. government by force
Not have failed to pay court ordered child support
Not have defaulted on a federally funded student loan
Not have failed to file federal, state, or local income tax returns
Meet the FBI's drug use guidelines
3-3. Complete the Special Agent Selection System (SASS).
Completion of the SASS can take anywhere from six months to a year or more. In order to increase your chances of being chosen as an FBI profiler, you must also exceed the minimum requirements of the SASS. Through your resume and other documents, interviews, and various tests, you will be able to prove how competitive your application is. To meet the minimum qualifications of the SASS, you must pass every stage:
An online application to ensure eligibility and submit necessary documents
A three-hour exam consisting of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Logical Reasoning tests
An in-person resume review and job preview
Written and oral language tests (when applicable to the position)
A 90-minute written exam
A one-hour panel interview
At least to physical fitness tests (PFTs)
A polygraph test
A thorough background check
3-4. Be chosen as an agent with the NCAVC.
If you have the proper combination of skills and experience, you may be considered for employment as a profiler with the FBI's NCAVC, if a potential position becomes available.
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) also has criminal profilers assigned to the NCAVC's BAU, so you may also find employment through this agency.
The number of actual criminal profilers working with the FBI (not to mention the number of jobs available for new hires at any given time) is very small. For instance, the ATF currently employs only two profilers with the BAU.
3-5. Receive special training.
Even once they are selected, BAU agents and ATF agents employed as profilers with the NCAVC undergo additional training, sometimes as much as two years of it. This provides agents with even more specialized instruction and experience, as well as updates on methodology and professional practices.
3-6. Seek employment in other fields, if necessary.
Very few people are actually employed as profilers with the FBI, so do not be discouraged if you are not able to gain a position as one. You can use your interests in profiling and criminology in many other valuable careers in law enforcement, including local, state, or national criminal investigation. For instance, you could become:
An FBI agent in a different department
A detective or other investigator in state or local law enforcement
An academic researcher with a focus on criminology or forensics`
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for a Career in Profiling and Law Enforcement\\n1-1. Research what FBI “profiling” actually is.\\nDespite the portrayals of profiling on television and in other media, the job does not use psychic impressions to solve crimes. Instead, it is based on using advanced methods of analysis drawing upon psychology, sociology, and other disciplines in order to identify offender characteristics. It requires a thorough knowledge of how crimes are committed, and of criminal personalities.\\nFBI agents engaged in profiling tasks draw on expertise based on a combination of experience (in law enforcement, for example) and scientific analysis.\\n1-2. Learn about the profiling process.\\nProfiling requires mental flexibility and a multidisciplinary approach. Would-be profilers will need excellent critical thinking skills and a good understanding of other people. The profiling process typically has a number of steps that will require expertise in a number of areas:\\nEvaluation of the criminal act\\nEvaluation of the crime scene\\nAnalysis of the victim\\nEvaluation of police reports\\nEvaluation of medical examiners' reports, autopsies, etc.\\nDevelopment of a profile of the type of person likely to have committed the crime\\nMaking suggestions based on the profile\\n1-3. Get an undergraduate degree.\\nThere is no specific major in profiling. Concentrations in sociology, psychology, or criminology, however, can make good preparation.\\nSeek a major in a subject that provides background in these areas, that you enjoy, and that you do well in.\\nTake forensic science courses whenever they are available, since this specialized content is highly applicable to a career as a profiler.\\n1-4. Seek out internships.\\nTo develop your skills and to gain hands on experience, you can intern with an organization relevant to criminal profiling; for instance, with legal aid or a public defender's office.\\nThe FBI also offers internships with its Behavior Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU). This unit provides specialized education regarding the use of behavioral science in law enforcement. Information about these full-time internships is available at the FBI's Student Center website beginning in September or October of each application year.\\n2. Gathering Experience in the Field\\n2-1. Develop skills in a position.\\nGaining hands-on experience in a field that will enable you to become familiar with many personality and criminal types is necessary preparation for a profiler. Good choices include law enforcement, working at a prison, or social work.\\nSince the NCAVC investigates violent crimes, experience with these types of offenses and associated crime scenes is very beneficial if you are looking for a career with the agency.\\nThe FBI may also employ profiling techniques in other settings; for instance, to solve “white-collar” crimes, or to handle hostage situations, so a position which provides experience in these areas can also be beneficial.\\n2-2. Gain a fellowship.\\nThe International Criminal Investigation Analysis Fellowship (ICIAF) is a selective training program for current law enforcement agents. The experiences offered by the ICIAF are excellent training for those hoping to become FBI profilers. The ICIAF is highly selective, however, and applicants must:\\nBe sponsored by a Full Fellow of the ICIAF (who completed the fellowship program in the past, along with other specialized training)\\nBe a sworn officer of a national or state police agency\\nHave at least ten years experience in police work\\nHave at least two years experience investigating violent crimes, such as sex crimes and/or homicide\\nBe a highly recognized investigator\\nHave excellent interpersonal skills\\n2-3. Conduct academic research in a field related to criminal investigation.\\nWhether or not you gain experience in law enforcement, certain kinds of academic research can be beneficial to a career as a profiler. Completing research in areas like criminal behavior, the sociology of crime, or forensics would deepen your knowledge of criminal investigation and be relevant to profiling tasks.\\nYou can complete research even at the undergraduate level (for example, by writing a term paper or senior project on criminal investigation). However, an advanced degree in an area like forensic science or behavioral science provides more extensive research experience and is more impressive\\n3. Gaining Experience in the FBI\\n3-1. Find work as an FBI agent or in law enforcement.\\nAgents who work in the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) of the NCAVC, which engages in profiling, may have as many as seven to ten years experience as an FBI agent before entering service in the unit. Others may have extensive experience in state or local law enforcement.\\nPrevious background in law enforcement can be very helpful when trying to gain a position in the FBI.\\nYou can find information about current job possibilities with the FBI, and how to apply for them, at the FBI Jobs website.\\n3-2. Meet basic eligibility requirements.\\nThere are very few special agent positions in the FBI, and not every current FBI employee is eligible to serve as a special agent. To apply to become a FBI special agent (including with the NCAVC), you must:\\nBe a U.S. citizen\\nBe between 23 and 36 1/2 years old, in most cases\\nHave a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution\\nHave at least 3 years of full time work experience (in some cases, you can have a combination of education and work experience, or waive the work experience requirement)\\nHave lived in the U.S. or one of its territories for 3 of the last 5 years\\nNot have been convicted of a felony, a domestic violence misdemeanor or more serious offense\\nNot have knowingly or willfully engaged in acts or activities designed to overthrow the U.S. government by force\\nNot have failed to pay court ordered child support\\nNot have defaulted on a federally funded student loan\\nNot have failed to file federal, state, or local income tax returns\\nMeet the FBI's drug use guidelines\\n3-3. Complete the Special Agent Selection System (SASS).\\nCompletion of the SASS can take anywhere from six months to a year or more. In order to increase your chances of being chosen as an FBI profiler, you must also exceed the minimum requirements of the SASS. Through your resume and other documents, interviews, and various tests, you will be able to prove how competitive your application is. To meet the minimum qualifications of the SASS, you must pass every stage:\\nAn online application to ensure eligibility and submit necessary documents\\nA three-hour exam consisting of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Logical Reasoning tests\\nAn in-person resume review and job preview\\nWritten and oral language tests (when applicable to the position)\\nA 90-minute written exam\\nA one-hour panel interview\\nAt least to physical fitness tests (PFTs)\\nA polygraph test\\nA thorough background check\\n3-4. Be chosen as an agent with the NCAVC.\\nIf you have the proper combination of skills and experience, you may be considered for employment as a profiler with the FBI's NCAVC, if a potential position becomes available.\\nThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) also has criminal profilers assigned to the NCAVC's BAU, so you may also find employment through this agency.\\nThe number of actual criminal profilers working with the FBI (not to mention the number of jobs available for new hires at any given time) is very small. For instance, the ATF currently employs only two profilers with the BAU.\\n3-5. Receive special training.\\nEven once they are selected, BAU agents and ATF agents employed as profilers with the NCAVC undergo additional training, sometimes as much as two years of it. This provides agents with even more specialized instruction and experience, as well as updates on methodology and professional practices.\\n3-6. Seek employment in other fields, if necessary.\\nVery few people are actually employed as profilers with the FBI, so do not be discouraged if you are not able to gain a position as one. You can use your interests in profiling and criminology in many other valuable careers in law enforcement, including local, state, or national criminal investigation. For instance, you could become:\\nAn FBI agent in a different department\\nA detective or other investigator in state or local law enforcement\\nAn academic researcher with a focus on criminology or forensics`\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Despite common use of the term in media, the FBI does not have a job called “profiler.” Instead, agents at the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC) at Quantico, Virginia, have job duties that are similar to the common depictions of “profiling.” There are very few of these agents, and it is very difficult to actually become one. Interests related to profiling, however, can be useful in other fields.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for a Career in Profiling and Law Enforcement\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research what FBI “profiling” actually is.\", \"描述\": \"Despite the portrayals of profiling on television and in other media, the job does not use psychic impressions to solve crimes. Instead, it is based on using advanced methods of analysis drawing upon psychology, sociology, and other disciplines in order to identify offender characteristics. It requires a thorough knowledge of how crimes are committed, and of criminal personalities.\\nFBI agents engaged in profiling tasks draw on expertise based on a combination of experience (in law enforcement, for example) and scientific analysis.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about the profiling process.\", \"描述\": \"Profiling requires mental flexibility and a multidisciplinary approach. Would-be profilers will need excellent critical thinking skills and a good understanding of other people. The profiling process typically has a number of steps that will require expertise in a number of areas:\\nEvaluation of the criminal act\\nEvaluation of the crime scene\\nAnalysis of the victim\\nEvaluation of police reports\\nEvaluation of medical examiners' reports, autopsies, etc.\\nDevelopment of a profile of the type of person likely to have committed the crime\\nMaking suggestions based on the profile\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get an undergraduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"There is no specific major in profiling. Concentrations in sociology, psychology, or criminology, however, can make good preparation.\\nSeek a major in a subject that provides background in these areas, that you enjoy, and that you do well in.\\nTake forensic science courses whenever they are available, since this specialized content is highly applicable to a career as a profiler.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek out internships.\", \"描述\": \"To develop your skills and to gain hands on experience, you can intern with an organization relevant to criminal profiling; for instance, with legal aid or a public defender's office.\\nThe FBI also offers internships with its Behavior Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU). This unit provides specialized education regarding the use of behavioral science in law enforcement. Information about these full-time internships is available at the FBI's Student Center website beginning in September or October of each application year.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gathering Experience in the Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop skills in a position.\", \"描述\": \"Gaining hands-on experience in a field that will enable you to become familiar with many personality and criminal types is necessary preparation for a profiler. Good choices include law enforcement, working at a prison, or social work.\\nSince the NCAVC investigates violent crimes, experience with these types of offenses and associated crime scenes is very beneficial if you are looking for a career with the agency.\\nThe FBI may also employ profiling techniques in other settings; for instance, to solve “white-collar” crimes, or to handle hostage situations, so a position which provides experience in these areas can also be beneficial.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain a fellowship.\", \"描述\": \"The International Criminal Investigation Analysis Fellowship (ICIAF) is a selective training program for current law enforcement agents. The experiences offered by the ICIAF are excellent training for those hoping to become FBI profilers. The ICIAF is highly selective, however, and applicants must:\\nBe sponsored by a Full Fellow of the ICIAF (who completed the fellowship program in the past, along with other specialized training)\\nBe a sworn officer of a national or state police agency\\nHave at least ten years experience in police work\\nHave at least two years experience investigating violent crimes, such as sex crimes and/or homicide\\nBe a highly recognized investigator\\nHave excellent interpersonal skills\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Conduct academic research in a field related to criminal investigation.\", \"描述\": \"Whether or not you gain experience in law enforcement, certain kinds of academic research can be beneficial to a career as a profiler. Completing research in areas like criminal behavior, the sociology of crime, or forensics would deepen your knowledge of criminal investigation and be relevant to profiling tasks.\\nYou can complete research even at the undergraduate level (for example, by writing a term paper or senior project on criminal investigation). However, an advanced degree in an area like forensic science or behavioral science provides more extensive research experience and is more impressive\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience in the FBI\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find work as an FBI agent or in law enforcement.\", \"描述\": \"Agents who work in the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) of the NCAVC, which engages in profiling, may have as many as seven to ten years experience as an FBI agent before entering service in the unit. Others may have extensive experience in state or local law enforcement.\\nPrevious background in law enforcement can be very helpful when trying to gain a position in the FBI.\\nYou can find information about current job possibilities with the FBI, and how to apply for them, at the FBI Jobs website.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meet basic eligibility requirements.\", \"描述\": \"There are very few special agent positions in the FBI, and not every current FBI employee is eligible to serve as a special agent. To apply to become a FBI special agent (including with the NCAVC), you must:\\nBe a U.S. citizen\\nBe between 23 and 36 1/2 years old, in most cases\\nHave a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution\\nHave at least 3 years of full time work experience (in some cases, you can have a combination of education and work experience, or waive the work experience requirement)\\nHave lived in the U.S. or one of its territories for 3 of the last 5 years\\nNot have been convicted of a felony, a domestic violence misdemeanor or more serious offense\\nNot have knowingly or willfully engaged in acts or activities designed to overthrow the U.S. government by force\\nNot have failed to pay court ordered child support\\nNot have defaulted on a federally funded student loan\\nNot have failed to file federal, state, or local income tax returns\\nMeet the FBI's drug use guidelines\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the Special Agent Selection System (SASS).\", \"描述\": \"Completion of the SASS can take anywhere from six months to a year or more. In order to increase your chances of being chosen as an FBI profiler, you must also exceed the minimum requirements of the SASS. Through your resume and other documents, interviews, and various tests, you will be able to prove how competitive your application is. To meet the minimum qualifications of the SASS, you must pass every stage:\\nAn online application to ensure eligibility and submit necessary documents\\nA three-hour exam consisting of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Logical Reasoning tests\\nAn in-person resume review and job preview\\nWritten and oral language tests (when applicable to the position)\\nA 90-minute written exam\\nA one-hour panel interview\\nAt least to physical fitness tests (PFTs)\\nA polygraph test\\nA thorough background check\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be chosen as an agent with the NCAVC.\", \"描述\": \"If you have the proper combination of skills and experience, you may be considered for employment as a profiler with the FBI's NCAVC, if a potential position becomes available.\\nThe Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) also has criminal profilers assigned to the NCAVC's BAU, so you may also find employment through this agency.\\nThe number of actual criminal profilers working with the FBI (not to mention the number of jobs available for new hires at any given time) is very small. For instance, the ATF currently employs only two profilers with the BAU.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Receive special training.\", \"描述\": \"Even once they are selected, BAU agents and ATF agents employed as profilers with the NCAVC undergo additional training, sometimes as much as two years of it. This provides agents with even more specialized instruction and experience, as well as updates on methodology and professional practices.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Seek employment in other fields, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Very few people are actually employed as profilers with the FBI, so do not be discouraged if you are not able to gain a position as one. You can use your interests in profiling and criminology in many other valuable careers in law enforcement, including local, state, or national criminal investigation. For instance, you could become:\\nAn FBI agent in a different department\\nA detective or other investigator in state or local law enforcement\\nAn academic researcher with a focus on criminology or forensics`\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,006 |
How to Become an HR Professional
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1. Pursuing HR Degrees and Certificates
1-1. Earn an associate's degree to qualify for entry-level positions.
An associate's degree in human resources (HR) is usually the minimum level of education required for entry-level HR jobs. Although it is possible to get a human resources position without any college education, a degree is increasingly important in the hiring process.
Associate degree holders are usually hired as human resources generalists. HR assistants, recruiters, payroll assistants, and clerks are some of the most common jobs for graduates that possess an associate degree.
If you have an associate degree and you want to advance in the HR field, consider continuing your education. Advanced degrees, combined with HR experience, will help you get more specialized HR jobs.
If you are already working in the HR field, ask your employer if they offer any incentives for you to continue your education. Even if they don't, many universities offer night, weekend, or online classes so you can go to school while also working.
1-2. Attain a bachelor's degree to fill more specialized roles.
Graduates with a bachelor's degree are often hired as office managers, human resources officers, training and development officers, and other human resources specialists.
As an HR major, you will study a range of topics, such as ethics, employment law, communications, office technology.
Use your elective options to study things that will advance your career. For instance, you'll have to manage harassment cases in the office. You can deepen your understanding of hostile workplace dynamics by taking entry-level courses in gender studies, women's studies, or the history of labor.
A major in human resources is ideal, but graduates who majored in other fields are frequently hired to fill these positions. This is especially true if you have human resources work experience or a degree in a related field such as finance, business management, education, or information technology.
1-3. Get a master's degree in human resources to qualify for leadership positions.
A master's degree in human resources will qualify you for jobs such as program designer, learning officer, and training facilitator. If your goal is to become a human resources manager, a master's degree in human resources will qualify you for competitive positions.
1-4. Consider earning a HR certification.
Although certification is not always required for a HR job, it is held in high regard, and many hiring managers look for it. Additionally, HR professionals with a certification usually earn a higher salary.
The main certification organization is the HR Certification Institute. The HRCI offers many different levels of certification based on your education and length of time working as a human resource professional.
1-5. Stay current on HR trends.
Even if you already have an advanced degree or have decided not to return to school, it is important to stay current on HR technologies and trends. These can help you work more efficiently and understand new programs and procedures.
If your employer or a HR organization offers a workshop, consider attending.
Online workshops and webinars have become increasingly common. These remove the need to travel, and will allow you to network with people all over the world.
Subscribe to HR publications. Workforce Magazine and HR Professionals Magazine address developments in the HR field. The International Journal of Human Resources Management is a research journal focused on HR trends. Publications such as these will keep you up to date on issues in the human resources field, and help you to succeed in your career.
2. Expanding Your Skillset with Internships and Volunteering
2-1. Seek out human resource internships.
These are a great way to gain HR experience, especially if you are still in school. Even if you have a college degree, many prospective employers will still look to see if you have any relevant experience; an internship is a great way for you to gain a human resource background, learn new skills, and make new connections.
Job fairs and online job boards are great places to find information about internships. If there is a company you are particularly interested in interning for, contact them and see if they have any open internships.
If you are in school, talk to your professors about your desire for an internship. They may know of open positions.
Visit the career development center at your school; they will be able to help you locate available internships.
Look for an internship in the sector you'd like to work within, if possible. You'll have an easier time getting a job in a law firm if you have experience interning in one.
While an internship isn’t a requirement, it’s definitely helpful to get experience and certification, if you decide to go that route.
2-2. Volunteer your time.
Look for local non-profits where you could volunteer to do human resources work. As a student, find a club or organization and volunteer to fill an HR role. You may not be paid, but you will gain valuable experience and skills that will help you in future jobs. You can also reference your volunteer time, and the skills you learned that are applicable to human resources when applying for HR jobs.
2-3. Take part-time administrative jobs that will help you develop useful HR skills.
A human resources internship or position is ideal, but any office or administrative job will help you to hone abilities that can be applied to human resources. If you are having trouble finding a specifically human resources position, look for a job that requires similar skills.
Administrative jobs will require you to be organized and work well with others. Sales and marketing positions will give you experience working with clients and interacting with customers. These are all important areas for human resources personnel to be experienced in.
3. Applying for Human Resources Jobs
3-1. Network with other HR professionals.
Think about joining an HR organization, such as the National Human Resource Association and the Society for Human Resource Management. Consult their job boards and online forums, which often advertise open positions.
Human resource organizations often hold meetings for their members. These are great sites for you to make useful connections that might help you learn about job openings. Connections can also help you get the job; if the hiring manager is choosing between two equally qualified candidates, they will probably go with the person they know.
Networking will help you to stay informed on current trends or developments in the human resource field.
3-2. Optimize your resume.
The first step is to write a neat resume. Your resume should be professional and concise. Emphasize your experience in human resources. If you have never had a human resources job, focus on the jobs where you learned skills that could be applied to HR.
If you have taken classes that relate to human resources, make sure to highlight them on your resume.
3-3. Research potential places of employment.
If you find a job that intrigues you, make sure you do your homework. Research the company as well as the job requirements. What are the long-term plans of the company? How many people does it employ? What is its reputation? These are all useful pieces of information to determine if you are a good fit for the company.
Target the kinds of office environments that interest you. Do you want to work for a start-up? A hospital? Check the Careers section of the websites of companies within that field.
Examine the job posting clearly; make sure it is a job for which you are qualified. Talk to colleagues that are currently working in a similar job. Ask them about the responsibilities and duties of the position to determine if you think you would excel in that capacity.
Research any current news stories that involve the company. This will not only help you to know more about the organization, but it will help to prepare you for any possible job interviews. Look for any developments or expansions that have recently been in the news.
3-4. Consider applying for temporary jobs.
If you are in school, a summer job may be ideal. Or, if you are having difficulty finding a long-term job or internship, start with a temporary position. There is always the possibility that it will be extended. If not, you will still gain experience and begin building your resume.
3-5. Prepare for job interviews.
Interviewing for a job can be extremely stressful. Make sure you have done your research on both the company and the position. Have your polished resume ready to go, and practice answering common interview questions.
During the interview, make sure to emphasize your leadership experience, customer service skills, and any relevant employment or education.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Pursuing HR Degrees and Certificates\\n1-1. Earn an associate's degree to qualify for entry-level positions.\\nAn associate's degree in human resources (HR) is usually the minimum level of education required for entry-level HR jobs. Although it is possible to get a human resources position without any college education, a degree is increasingly important in the hiring process.\\nAssociate degree holders are usually hired as human resources generalists. HR assistants, recruiters, payroll assistants, and clerks are some of the most common jobs for graduates that possess an associate degree.\\nIf you have an associate degree and you want to advance in the HR field, consider continuing your education. Advanced degrees, combined with HR experience, will help you get more specialized HR jobs.\\nIf you are already working in the HR field, ask your employer if they offer any incentives for you to continue your education. Even if they don't, many universities offer night, weekend, or online classes so you can go to school while also working.\\n1-2. Attain a bachelor's degree to fill more specialized roles.\\nGraduates with a bachelor's degree are often hired as office managers, human resources officers, training and development officers, and other human resources specialists.\\nAs an HR major, you will study a range of topics, such as ethics, employment law, communications, office technology.\\nUse your elective options to study things that will advance your career. For instance, you'll have to manage harassment cases in the office. You can deepen your understanding of hostile workplace dynamics by taking entry-level courses in gender studies, women's studies, or the history of labor.\\nA major in human resources is ideal, but graduates who majored in other fields are frequently hired to fill these positions. This is especially true if you have human resources work experience or a degree in a related field such as finance, business management, education, or information technology.\\n1-3. Get a master's degree in human resources to qualify for leadership positions.\\nA master's degree in human resources will qualify you for jobs such as program designer, learning officer, and training facilitator. If your goal is to become a human resources manager, a master's degree in human resources will qualify you for competitive positions.\\n1-4. Consider earning a HR certification.\\nAlthough certification is not always required for a HR job, it is held in high regard, and many hiring managers look for it. Additionally, HR professionals with a certification usually earn a higher salary.\\nThe main certification organization is the HR Certification Institute. The HRCI offers many different levels of certification based on your education and length of time working as a human resource professional.\\n1-5. Stay current on HR trends.\\nEven if you already have an advanced degree or have decided not to return to school, it is important to stay current on HR technologies and trends. These can help you work more efficiently and understand new programs and procedures.\\nIf your employer or a HR organization offers a workshop, consider attending.\\nOnline workshops and webinars have become increasingly common. These remove the need to travel, and will allow you to network with people all over the world.\\nSubscribe to HR publications. Workforce Magazine and HR Professionals Magazine address developments in the HR field. The International Journal of Human Resources Management is a research journal focused on HR trends. Publications such as these will keep you up to date on issues in the human resources field, and help you to succeed in your career.\\n2. Expanding Your Skillset with Internships and Volunteering\\n2-1. Seek out human resource internships.\\nThese are a great way to gain HR experience, especially if you are still in school. Even if you have a college degree, many prospective employers will still look to see if you have any relevant experience; an internship is a great way for you to gain a human resource background, learn new skills, and make new connections.\\nJob fairs and online job boards are great places to find information about internships. If there is a company you are particularly interested in interning for, contact them and see if they have any open internships.\\nIf you are in school, talk to your professors about your desire for an internship. They may know of open positions.\\nVisit the career development center at your school; they will be able to help you locate available internships.\\nLook for an internship in the sector you'd like to work within, if possible. You'll have an easier time getting a job in a law firm if you have experience interning in one.\\nWhile an internship isn’t a requirement, it’s definitely helpful to get experience and certification, if you decide to go that route.\\n2-2. Volunteer your time.\\nLook for local non-profits where you could volunteer to do human resources work. As a student, find a club or organization and volunteer to fill an HR role. You may not be paid, but you will gain valuable experience and skills that will help you in future jobs. You can also reference your volunteer time, and the skills you learned that are applicable to human resources when applying for HR jobs.\\n2-3. Take part-time administrative jobs that will help you develop useful HR skills.\\nA human resources internship or position is ideal, but any office or administrative job will help you to hone abilities that can be applied to human resources. If you are having trouble finding a specifically human resources position, look for a job that requires similar skills.\\nAdministrative jobs will require you to be organized and work well with others. Sales and marketing positions will give you experience working with clients and interacting with customers. These are all important areas for human resources personnel to be experienced in.\\n3. Applying for Human Resources Jobs\\n3-1. Network with other HR professionals.\\nThink about joining an HR organization, such as the National Human Resource Association and the Society for Human Resource Management. Consult their job boards and online forums, which often advertise open positions.\\nHuman resource organizations often hold meetings for their members. These are great sites for you to make useful connections that might help you learn about job openings. Connections can also help you get the job; if the hiring manager is choosing between two equally qualified candidates, they will probably go with the person they know.\\nNetworking will help you to stay informed on current trends or developments in the human resource field.\\n3-2. Optimize your resume.\\nThe first step is to write a neat resume. Your resume should be professional and concise. Emphasize your experience in human resources. If you have never had a human resources job, focus on the jobs where you learned skills that could be applied to HR.\\nIf you have taken classes that relate to human resources, make sure to highlight them on your resume.\\n3-3. Research potential places of employment.\\nIf you find a job that intrigues you, make sure you do your homework. Research the company as well as the job requirements. What are the long-term plans of the company? How many people does it employ? What is its reputation? These are all useful pieces of information to determine if you are a good fit for the company.\\nTarget the kinds of office environments that interest you. Do you want to work for a start-up? A hospital? Check the Careers section of the websites of companies within that field.\\nExamine the job posting clearly; make sure it is a job for which you are qualified. Talk to colleagues that are currently working in a similar job. Ask them about the responsibilities and duties of the position to determine if you think you would excel in that capacity.\\nResearch any current news stories that involve the company. This will not only help you to know more about the organization, but it will help to prepare you for any possible job interviews. Look for any developments or expansions that have recently been in the news.\\n3-4. Consider applying for temporary jobs.\\nIf you are in school, a summer job may be ideal. Or, if you are having difficulty finding a long-term job or internship, start with a temporary position. There is always the possibility that it will be extended. If not, you will still gain experience and begin building your resume.\\n3-5. Prepare for job interviews.\\nInterviewing for a job can be extremely stressful. Make sure you have done your research on both the company and the position. Have your polished resume ready to go, and practice answering common interview questions.\\nDuring the interview, make sure to emphasize your leadership experience, customer service skills, and any relevant employment or education.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Human resources specialists are a crucial component of a company or organization's success. As an HR specialist, you will be responsible for recruiting and placing workers, handling employee relations, and overseeing payroll, training, and more. By attaining a college education, gaining human resources experience, and staying current on HR trends, you can make your contribution to this fast-growing, rewarding field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pursuing HR Degrees and Certificates\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn an associate's degree to qualify for entry-level positions.\", \"描述\": \"An associate's degree in human resources (HR) is usually the minimum level of education required for entry-level HR jobs. Although it is possible to get a human resources position without any college education, a degree is increasingly important in the hiring process.\\nAssociate degree holders are usually hired as human resources generalists. HR assistants, recruiters, payroll assistants, and clerks are some of the most common jobs for graduates that possess an associate degree.\\nIf you have an associate degree and you want to advance in the HR field, consider continuing your education. Advanced degrees, combined with HR experience, will help you get more specialized HR jobs.\\nIf you are already working in the HR field, ask your employer if they offer any incentives for you to continue your education. Even if they don't, many universities offer night, weekend, or online classes so you can go to school while also working.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attain a bachelor's degree to fill more specialized roles.\", \"描述\": \"Graduates with a bachelor's degree are often hired as office managers, human resources officers, training and development officers, and other human resources specialists.\\nAs an HR major, you will study a range of topics, such as ethics, employment law, communications, office technology.\\nUse your elective options to study things that will advance your career. For instance, you'll have to manage harassment cases in the office. You can deepen your understanding of hostile workplace dynamics by taking entry-level courses in gender studies, women's studies, or the history of labor.\\nA major in human resources is ideal, but graduates who majored in other fields are frequently hired to fill these positions. This is especially true if you have human resources work experience or a degree in a related field such as finance, business management, education, or information technology.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a master's degree in human resources to qualify for leadership positions.\", \"描述\": \"A master's degree in human resources will qualify you for jobs such as program designer, learning officer, and training facilitator. If your goal is to become a human resources manager, a master's degree in human resources will qualify you for competitive positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider earning a HR certification.\", \"描述\": \"Although certification is not always required for a HR job, it is held in high regard, and many hiring managers look for it. Additionally, HR professionals with a certification usually earn a higher salary.\\nThe main certification organization is the HR Certification Institute. The HRCI offers many different levels of certification based on your education and length of time working as a human resource professional.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay current on HR trends.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you already have an advanced degree or have decided not to return to school, it is important to stay current on HR technologies and trends. These can help you work more efficiently and understand new programs and procedures.\\nIf your employer or a HR organization offers a workshop, consider attending.\\nOnline workshops and webinars have become increasingly common. These remove the need to travel, and will allow you to network with people all over the world.\\nSubscribe to HR publications. Workforce Magazine and HR Professionals Magazine address developments in the HR field. The International Journal of Human Resources Management is a research journal focused on HR trends. Publications such as these will keep you up to date on issues in the human resources field, and help you to succeed in your career.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expanding Your Skillset with Internships and Volunteering\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seek out human resource internships.\", \"描述\": \"These are a great way to gain HR experience, especially if you are still in school. Even if you have a college degree, many prospective employers will still look to see if you have any relevant experience; an internship is a great way for you to gain a human resource background, learn new skills, and make new connections.\\nJob fairs and online job boards are great places to find information about internships. If there is a company you are particularly interested in interning for, contact them and see if they have any open internships.\\nIf you are in school, talk to your professors about your desire for an internship. They may know of open positions.\\nVisit the career development center at your school; they will be able to help you locate available internships.\\nLook for an internship in the sector you'd like to work within, if possible. You'll have an easier time getting a job in a law firm if you have experience interning in one.\\nWhile an internship isn’t a requirement, it’s definitely helpful to get experience and certification, if you decide to go that route.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer your time.\", \"描述\": \"Look for local non-profits where you could volunteer to do human resources work. As a student, find a club or organization and volunteer to fill an HR role. You may not be paid, but you will gain valuable experience and skills that will help you in future jobs. You can also reference your volunteer time, and the skills you learned that are applicable to human resources when applying for HR jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take part-time administrative jobs that will help you develop useful HR skills.\", \"描述\": \"A human resources internship or position is ideal, but any office or administrative job will help you to hone abilities that can be applied to human resources. If you are having trouble finding a specifically human resources position, look for a job that requires similar skills.\\nAdministrative jobs will require you to be organized and work well with others. Sales and marketing positions will give you experience working with clients and interacting with customers. These are all important areas for human resources personnel to be experienced in.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for Human Resources Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Network with other HR professionals.\", \"描述\": \"Think about joining an HR organization, such as the National Human Resource Association and the Society for Human Resource Management. Consult their job boards and online forums, which often advertise open positions.\\nHuman resource organizations often hold meetings for their members. These are great sites for you to make useful connections that might help you learn about job openings. Connections can also help you get the job; if the hiring manager is choosing between two equally qualified candidates, they will probably go with the person they know.\\nNetworking will help you to stay informed on current trends or developments in the human resource field.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Optimize your resume.\", \"描述\": \"The first step is to write a neat resume. Your resume should be professional and concise. Emphasize your experience in human resources. If you have never had a human resources job, focus on the jobs where you learned skills that could be applied to HR.\\nIf you have taken classes that relate to human resources, make sure to highlight them on your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research potential places of employment.\", \"描述\": \"If you find a job that intrigues you, make sure you do your homework. Research the company as well as the job requirements. What are the long-term plans of the company? How many people does it employ? What is its reputation? These are all useful pieces of information to determine if you are a good fit for the company.\\nTarget the kinds of office environments that interest you. Do you want to work for a start-up? A hospital? Check the Careers section of the websites of companies within that field.\\nExamine the job posting clearly; make sure it is a job for which you are qualified. Talk to colleagues that are currently working in a similar job. Ask them about the responsibilities and duties of the position to determine if you think you would excel in that capacity.\\nResearch any current news stories that involve the company. This will not only help you to know more about the organization, but it will help to prepare you for any possible job interviews. Look for any developments or expansions that have recently been in the news.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider applying for temporary jobs.\", \"描述\": \"If you are in school, a summer job may be ideal. Or, if you are having difficulty finding a long-term job or internship, start with a temporary position. There is always the possibility that it will be extended. If not, you will still gain experience and begin building your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare for job interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Interviewing for a job can be extremely stressful. Make sure you have done your research on both the company and the position. Have your polished resume ready to go, and practice answering common interview questions.\\nDuring the interview, make sure to emphasize your leadership experience, customer service skills, and any relevant employment or education.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,007 |
How to Become an Herbalist
|
1. Self Education
1-1. Read about herbalism and herbs to start building your base of knowledge.
Many herbalists begin with self-directed study and learning. To start your education, research herbalism online and in books. Helpful books for beginning herbalists which provide clear explanations of foundational concepts, have a lot of useful information, and offer actionable steps include:
Medicinal Herbs: A Beginner’s Guide by Rosemary Gladstar
The Way of Herbs by Michael Tierra
Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier
Body into Balance by Maria Noel Groves
The Gift of Healing Herbs by Robin Rose Bennett
While books are a good place to start, you shouldn't stop learning there. Hands-on learning through a school or an apprenticeship will teach you the more subtle aspects of diagnosis and treatment.
1-2. Grow your own herbs
Start growing herbs for your tinctures and recipes at home. This is good practice if you want to grow and sell herbs professionally as an herbalist. It also ensures that your tinctures and recipes will be made with high-quality ingredients.
Keep your herbs well organized and clearly labeled.
Some of the most common herbal supplements include echinacea, evening primrose, gingko biloba, ginseng, and St. John's Wort.
1-3. Make tinctures with various herbs.
Fill a glass jar 1/3 to 1/2 full, depending on how strong you want your tincture to be, with the dried herb of your choice, making sure not to pack it down. Fill the rest of the jar with a base ingredient, such as alcohol, and stir the ingredients with a spoon.
Alcohol, such as vodka or 80-proof rum, makes a good base ingredient. You can also use glycerine, vinegar, or even honey.
Use whatever herbs you want, depending on what kind of tincture you're making. For example, choose chamomile for a tincture that promotes restful sleep or echinacea for immune system support when you’re battling a cold.
Store your tincture in a cool, dry place for 3 weeks to 6 months. Shake it daily and when you’re ready to use the tincture, strain it through cheesecloth and store it in dropper bottles or clean glass jars.
Note that a standard adult dose of herbal tincture is ⁄2 to 1 teaspoon (2.5 to 4.9 mL) up to 3 times daily.
2. Formal Education
2-1. Attend herbal school online or in-person to further your education.
There are many herbal schools to choose from, with different curriculums and emphases, from scientific/evidence-based to the more folk/traditional. Some are online programs, and others are on-site with physical classrooms and classmates. Research different schools and programs and choose one that fits best with your needs and interests.
Attend herbal conferences to ask fellow conference-goers about their experiences and what programs and courses they’ve liked (or disliked).
Visit https://www.americanherbalistsguild.com/ for a helpful (though not exhaustive) list of good herbal schools.
2-2. Choose a program with 1,600+ hours of study.
If you want to be a non-clinical career herbalist, opt for a 1-2 year program with a minimum of 700 hours. However, to be a practicing clinical herbalist, the American Herbalists Guild recommends choosing a program with a minimum of 1,600 hours of study at a school of herbal medicine, including a 400-hour clinical requirement.
You can learn the basics of herbalism from a 100-300 hour introductory program.
Be aware that there is no certifying agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Most herbal schools will award a certificate of completion when you graduate, but this is not the same thing as being officially board-certified.
2-3. Get a graduate or medical degree to practice herbal medicine.
To be a practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine, get a Master's or doctoral degree. To be a naturopathic or allopathic doctor, get a medical degree and then further training in the field of herbalism.
To attend graduate school or medical school, you need a Bachelor's degree. Consider majoring in botany, biology, or a related science field.
To be a naturopathic doctor, complete a 4-year graduate-level program accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education after finishing medical school. After graduation, you need to pass the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Exam (NPLEX) before taking the state licensure exam. You must re-certify with 20 hours of approved continuing education each year.
2-4. Do an apprenticeship to gain practical experience.
Find an herbal mentor whom you admire and shadow them to gain insight into running an herbalist business, making compounds, and interacting with clients. Set out the terms of the apprenticeship in writing, including hours per week, and compensation (whether it's in money, goods, or strictly in mentorship, or some combination of both).
Try a trial period of a week with your mentor first to see if you're well-suited to each other.
If you're a newly graduated naturopathic physician, considering shadowing an experienced naturopathic physician for a year or 2 instead of doing a residency, which isn't required for naturopathic physicians.
3. Career Path
3-1. Choose your specialties or services, depending on interest and demand.
There is no single career path for herbalists. Find a niche that you can fill based on your expertise and the needs of the community. For example, you might specialize in making tinctures for specific conditions, like menopause, or work primarily with a particular population, such as pregnant women. Possible livelihoods for herbalists include:
Naturopathic physician or practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Clinical herbalism, in a private or integrated practice
Making herbal products, such as tinctures or tea blends
Retailing and marketing herbal products, online or in a brick-and-mortar store
Teaching about herbalism, for instance in herbal schools, community centers, conferences, or camps
Researching herbs for universities or governments, or doing GMP testing on products.
3-2. Work in a natural food store to get your foot in the door.
Alternatively, you could work with a supplement manufacturer. These jobs can get you connections in the field and help you network with other herbalists and related specialists. The paycheck can also help you financially as you try to grow your career as an herbalist.
Search online for full- and part-time jobs in the herbalist field. Check out https://www.naturalindustryjobs.com/currentjobs.asp for listings of relevant positions.
3-3. Develop an online presence.
Market yourself and your business with a nice website and social media pages. Connect with successful herbalists and healthcare practitioners online, by following them on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, and signing up for mailing lists. Analyze the ways that they advertise, get clients, and connect with their communities, and implement successful practices into your own marketing plan.
Try writing articles for blogs or local papers to get your name out there and showcase your expertise.
3-4. Build up a client base.
Start with friends and family members and ask them to refer people they know to you. You can also post ads in the newspaper, at local businesses, or online to get new clients. Ask your clients to pass your information along to anybody they know who might be in need of herbalist services.
3-5. Get business training if your money and marketing skills aren’t strong.
Join small business associations and try taking a course in business, bookkeeping, and marketing. Some herbal schools also provide business-focused training programs, such as the Herbal Academy’s Entrepreneur Course or the Commonwealth Herbs’ Business Mentorship.
Check out the book Business Mastery by massage therapist Cherie M. Sohnen-Moe for a helpful guide in mastering the business side of your career.
4. Legal and Ethical Limits
4-1. Don’t make any diagnoses or prescriptions unless you're a doctor.
Herbalists who haven't also done medical degrees are not doctors, and so are legally not permitted to ‘practice medicine without a license.’ This includes diagnosing, prescribing, and using terms like ‘treat’ or ‘cure.’
Don’t advise clients on how to take (or stop taking) pharmaceutical medications.
You can legally make recommendations, educate your clients about specific herbs, and dispense herbs.
4-2. Follow the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for products.
GMPs address every part of the manufacturing process of herbs and herbal products, including identification of the ingredients, purity assurance, and personnel training and hygiene. There are also labeling requirements for products, including regulations about listing ingredients and any serious side effects, making claims about the product’s structure and function, and issuing disclaimers.
For more information about GMPs contact your local or state organic certification agency, or visit the FDA website: https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/DietarySupplements/ucm238182.htm.
Whether you’re a small community herbalist or a multi-million dollar supplement manufacturer, if you make and sell your own products to the public, particularly tinctures, you’re legally obligated to comply with the GMPs. The FDA can shut your business down for non-compliance.
4-3. Make referrals for clients with conditions beyond your expertise.
It’s important to know the limits of your knowledge and abilities. Develop a go-to list of practitioners to whom you can refer clients when their problems and needs are beyond your ability to help. Judiciously making referrals will increase your clients’ trust in you, as well, rather than hurt your business.
For example, you probably aren’t prepared to take on a client who has cancer if you’ve only taken a 6-week course on herbs.
Tips
Herbalists’ earnings can cover a wide spectrum, from between $20,000 to $120,00 per year, depending on their expertise, practice, and individual success. Clinical herbalists can charge between $50 and $100 an hour or more, whereas herbal educators can make $30 to $120 an hour, depending on your venue and audience.[18]
X
Research source
Warnings
There is no official certification agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Herbalists who refer to themselves as ‘certified’ are misleading the public. Herbalists can legally charge for services as clinical herbalists without any license or certification.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Self Education\\n1-1. Read about herbalism and herbs to start building your base of knowledge.\\nMany herbalists begin with self-directed study and learning. To start your education, research herbalism online and in books. Helpful books for beginning herbalists which provide clear explanations of foundational concepts, have a lot of useful information, and offer actionable steps include:\\n\\nMedicinal Herbs: A Beginner’s Guide by Rosemary Gladstar\\nThe Way of Herbs by Michael Tierra\\nEncyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier\\nBody into Balance by Maria Noel Groves\\nThe Gift of Healing Herbs by Robin Rose Bennett\\nWhile books are a good place to start, you shouldn't stop learning there. Hands-on learning through a school or an apprenticeship will teach you the more subtle aspects of diagnosis and treatment.\\n1-2. Grow your own herbs\\nStart growing herbs for your tinctures and recipes at home. This is good practice if you want to grow and sell herbs professionally as an herbalist. It also ensures that your tinctures and recipes will be made with high-quality ingredients.\\nKeep your herbs well organized and clearly labeled.\\nSome of the most common herbal supplements include echinacea, evening primrose, gingko biloba, ginseng, and St. John's Wort.\\n1-3. Make tinctures with various herbs.\\nFill a glass jar 1/3 to 1/2 full, depending on how strong you want your tincture to be, with the dried herb of your choice, making sure not to pack it down. Fill the rest of the jar with a base ingredient, such as alcohol, and stir the ingredients with a spoon.\\nAlcohol, such as vodka or 80-proof rum, makes a good base ingredient. You can also use glycerine, vinegar, or even honey.\\nUse whatever herbs you want, depending on what kind of tincture you're making. For example, choose chamomile for a tincture that promotes restful sleep or echinacea for immune system support when you’re battling a cold.\\nStore your tincture in a cool, dry place for 3 weeks to 6 months. Shake it daily and when you’re ready to use the tincture, strain it through cheesecloth and store it in dropper bottles or clean glass jars.\\nNote that a standard adult dose of herbal tincture is ⁄2 to 1 teaspoon (2.5 to 4.9 mL) up to 3 times daily.\\n2. Formal Education\\n2-1. Attend herbal school online or in-person to further your education.\\nThere are many herbal schools to choose from, with different curriculums and emphases, from scientific/evidence-based to the more folk/traditional. Some are online programs, and others are on-site with physical classrooms and classmates. Research different schools and programs and choose one that fits best with your needs and interests.\\nAttend herbal conferences to ask fellow conference-goers about their experiences and what programs and courses they’ve liked (or disliked).\\nVisit https://www.americanherbalistsguild.com/ for a helpful (though not exhaustive) list of good herbal schools.\\n2-2. Choose a program with 1,600+ hours of study.\\nIf you want to be a non-clinical career herbalist, opt for a 1-2 year program with a minimum of 700 hours. However, to be a practicing clinical herbalist, the American Herbalists Guild recommends choosing a program with a minimum of 1,600 hours of study at a school of herbal medicine, including a 400-hour clinical requirement.\\nYou can learn the basics of herbalism from a 100-300 hour introductory program.\\nBe aware that there is no certifying agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Most herbal schools will award a certificate of completion when you graduate, but this is not the same thing as being officially board-certified.\\n2-3. Get a graduate or medical degree to practice herbal medicine.\\nTo be a practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine, get a Master's or doctoral degree. To be a naturopathic or allopathic doctor, get a medical degree and then further training in the field of herbalism.\\nTo attend graduate school or medical school, you need a Bachelor's degree. Consider majoring in botany, biology, or a related science field.\\nTo be a naturopathic doctor, complete a 4-year graduate-level program accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education after finishing medical school. After graduation, you need to pass the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Exam (NPLEX) before taking the state licensure exam. You must re-certify with 20 hours of approved continuing education each year.\\n2-4. Do an apprenticeship to gain practical experience.\\nFind an herbal mentor whom you admire and shadow them to gain insight into running an herbalist business, making compounds, and interacting with clients. Set out the terms of the apprenticeship in writing, including hours per week, and compensation (whether it's in money, goods, or strictly in mentorship, or some combination of both).\\nTry a trial period of a week with your mentor first to see if you're well-suited to each other.\\nIf you're a newly graduated naturopathic physician, considering shadowing an experienced naturopathic physician for a year or 2 instead of doing a residency, which isn't required for naturopathic physicians.\\n3. Career Path\\n3-1. Choose your specialties or services, depending on interest and demand.\\nThere is no single career path for herbalists. Find a niche that you can fill based on your expertise and the needs of the community. For example, you might specialize in making tinctures for specific conditions, like menopause, or work primarily with a particular population, such as pregnant women. Possible livelihoods for herbalists include:\\n\\nNaturopathic physician or practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine\\nClinical herbalism, in a private or integrated practice\\nMaking herbal products, such as tinctures or tea blends\\nRetailing and marketing herbal products, online or in a brick-and-mortar store\\nTeaching about herbalism, for instance in herbal schools, community centers, conferences, or camps\\nResearching herbs for universities or governments, or doing GMP testing on products.\\n3-2. Work in a natural food store to get your foot in the door.\\nAlternatively, you could work with a supplement manufacturer. These jobs can get you connections in the field and help you network with other herbalists and related specialists. The paycheck can also help you financially as you try to grow your career as an herbalist.\\nSearch online for full- and part-time jobs in the herbalist field. Check out https://www.naturalindustryjobs.com/currentjobs.asp for listings of relevant positions.\\n3-3. Develop an online presence.\\nMarket yourself and your business with a nice website and social media pages. Connect with successful herbalists and healthcare practitioners online, by following them on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, and signing up for mailing lists. Analyze the ways that they advertise, get clients, and connect with their communities, and implement successful practices into your own marketing plan.\\nTry writing articles for blogs or local papers to get your name out there and showcase your expertise.\\n3-4. Build up a client base.\\nStart with friends and family members and ask them to refer people they know to you. You can also post ads in the newspaper, at local businesses, or online to get new clients. Ask your clients to pass your information along to anybody they know who might be in need of herbalist services.\\n3-5. Get business training if your money and marketing skills aren’t strong.\\nJoin small business associations and try taking a course in business, bookkeeping, and marketing. Some herbal schools also provide business-focused training programs, such as the Herbal Academy’s Entrepreneur Course or the Commonwealth Herbs’ Business Mentorship.\\nCheck out the book Business Mastery by massage therapist Cherie M. Sohnen-Moe for a helpful guide in mastering the business side of your career.\\n4. Legal and Ethical Limits\\n4-1. Don’t make any diagnoses or prescriptions unless you're a doctor.\\nHerbalists who haven't also done medical degrees are not doctors, and so are legally not permitted to ‘practice medicine without a license.’ This includes diagnosing, prescribing, and using terms like ‘treat’ or ‘cure.’\\nDon’t advise clients on how to take (or stop taking) pharmaceutical medications.\\nYou can legally make recommendations, educate your clients about specific herbs, and dispense herbs.\\n4-2. Follow the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for products.\\nGMPs address every part of the manufacturing process of herbs and herbal products, including identification of the ingredients, purity assurance, and personnel training and hygiene. There are also labeling requirements for products, including regulations about listing ingredients and any serious side effects, making claims about the product’s structure and function, and issuing disclaimers.\\nFor more information about GMPs contact your local or state organic certification agency, or visit the FDA website: https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/DietarySupplements/ucm238182.htm.\\nWhether you’re a small community herbalist or a multi-million dollar supplement manufacturer, if you make and sell your own products to the public, particularly tinctures, you’re legally obligated to comply with the GMPs. The FDA can shut your business down for non-compliance.\\n4-3. Make referrals for clients with conditions beyond your expertise.\\nIt’s important to know the limits of your knowledge and abilities. Develop a go-to list of practitioners to whom you can refer clients when their problems and needs are beyond your ability to help. Judiciously making referrals will increase your clients’ trust in you, as well, rather than hurt your business.\\nFor example, you probably aren’t prepared to take on a client who has cancer if you’ve only taken a 6-week course on herbs.\\nTips\\nHerbalists’ earnings can cover a wide spectrum, from between $20,000 to $120,00 per year, depending on their expertise, practice, and individual success. Clinical herbalists can charge between $50 and $100 an hour or more, whereas herbal educators can make $30 to $120 an hour, depending on your venue and audience.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nThere is no official certification agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Herbalists who refer to themselves as ‘certified’ are misleading the public. Herbalists can legally charge for services as clinical herbalists without any license or certification.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Herbalism is the therapeutic use of plants to promote health and prevent or treat illnesses. Health care professionals including chiropractors, naturopathic doctors, and even Western medical practitioners may use herbalism as an adjunct to other, more conventional therapies. As a professional herbalist specializing in herbal therapies, your knowledge and skill set will be valuable and in demand. Whether you want to teach, provide herbal counseling, or run your own herb business, you can become an herbalist. With time and training, you will acquire the knowledge and credentials to be in position to start your career in herbal therapy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Self Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read about herbalism and herbs to start building your base of knowledge.\", \"描述\": \"Many herbalists begin with self-directed study and learning. To start your education, research herbalism online and in books. Helpful books for beginning herbalists which provide clear explanations of foundational concepts, have a lot of useful information, and offer actionable steps include:\\n\\nMedicinal Herbs: A Beginner’s Guide by Rosemary Gladstar\\nThe Way of Herbs by Michael Tierra\\nEncyclopedia of Herbal Medicine by Andrew Chevallier\\nBody into Balance by Maria Noel Groves\\nThe Gift of Healing Herbs by Robin Rose Bennett\\nWhile books are a good place to start, you shouldn't stop learning there. Hands-on learning through a school or an apprenticeship will teach you the more subtle aspects of diagnosis and treatment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Grow your own herbs\", \"描述\": \"Start growing herbs for your tinctures and recipes at home. This is good practice if you want to grow and sell herbs professionally as an herbalist. It also ensures that your tinctures and recipes will be made with high-quality ingredients.\\nKeep your herbs well organized and clearly labeled.\\nSome of the most common herbal supplements include echinacea, evening primrose, gingko biloba, ginseng, and St. John's Wort.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make tinctures with various herbs.\", \"描述\": \"Fill a glass jar 1/3 to 1/2 full, depending on how strong you want your tincture to be, with the dried herb of your choice, making sure not to pack it down. Fill the rest of the jar with a base ingredient, such as alcohol, and stir the ingredients with a spoon.\\nAlcohol, such as vodka or 80-proof rum, makes a good base ingredient. You can also use glycerine, vinegar, or even honey.\\nUse whatever herbs you want, depending on what kind of tincture you're making. For example, choose chamomile for a tincture that promotes restful sleep or echinacea for immune system support when you’re battling a cold.\\nStore your tincture in a cool, dry place for 3 weeks to 6 months. Shake it daily and when you’re ready to use the tincture, strain it through cheesecloth and store it in dropper bottles or clean glass jars.\\nNote that a standard adult dose of herbal tincture is ⁄2 to 1 teaspoon (2.5 to 4.9 mL) up to 3 times daily.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Formal Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend herbal school online or in-person to further your education.\", \"描述\": \"There are many herbal schools to choose from, with different curriculums and emphases, from scientific/evidence-based to the more folk/traditional. Some are online programs, and others are on-site with physical classrooms and classmates. Research different schools and programs and choose one that fits best with your needs and interests.\\nAttend herbal conferences to ask fellow conference-goers about their experiences and what programs and courses they’ve liked (or disliked).\\nVisit https://www.americanherbalistsguild.com/ for a helpful (though not exhaustive) list of good herbal schools.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a program with 1,600+ hours of study.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a non-clinical career herbalist, opt for a 1-2 year program with a minimum of 700 hours. However, to be a practicing clinical herbalist, the American Herbalists Guild recommends choosing a program with a minimum of 1,600 hours of study at a school of herbal medicine, including a 400-hour clinical requirement.\\nYou can learn the basics of herbalism from a 100-300 hour introductory program.\\nBe aware that there is no certifying agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Most herbal schools will award a certificate of completion when you graduate, but this is not the same thing as being officially board-certified.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a graduate or medical degree to practice herbal medicine.\", \"描述\": \"To be a practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine, get a Master's or doctoral degree. To be a naturopathic or allopathic doctor, get a medical degree and then further training in the field of herbalism.\\nTo attend graduate school or medical school, you need a Bachelor's degree. Consider majoring in botany, biology, or a related science field.\\nTo be a naturopathic doctor, complete a 4-year graduate-level program accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education after finishing medical school. After graduation, you need to pass the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Exam (NPLEX) before taking the state licensure exam. You must re-certify with 20 hours of approved continuing education each year.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do an apprenticeship to gain practical experience.\", \"描述\": \"Find an herbal mentor whom you admire and shadow them to gain insight into running an herbalist business, making compounds, and interacting with clients. Set out the terms of the apprenticeship in writing, including hours per week, and compensation (whether it's in money, goods, or strictly in mentorship, or some combination of both).\\nTry a trial period of a week with your mentor first to see if you're well-suited to each other.\\nIf you're a newly graduated naturopathic physician, considering shadowing an experienced naturopathic physician for a year or 2 instead of doing a residency, which isn't required for naturopathic physicians.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Career Path\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose your specialties or services, depending on interest and demand.\", \"描述\": \"There is no single career path for herbalists. Find a niche that you can fill based on your expertise and the needs of the community. For example, you might specialize in making tinctures for specific conditions, like menopause, or work primarily with a particular population, such as pregnant women. Possible livelihoods for herbalists include:\\n\\nNaturopathic physician or practitioner of Traditional Chinese Medicine\\nClinical herbalism, in a private or integrated practice\\nMaking herbal products, such as tinctures or tea blends\\nRetailing and marketing herbal products, online or in a brick-and-mortar store\\nTeaching about herbalism, for instance in herbal schools, community centers, conferences, or camps\\nResearching herbs for universities or governments, or doing GMP testing on products.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work in a natural food store to get your foot in the door.\", \"描述\": \"Alternatively, you could work with a supplement manufacturer. These jobs can get you connections in the field and help you network with other herbalists and related specialists. The paycheck can also help you financially as you try to grow your career as an herbalist.\\nSearch online for full- and part-time jobs in the herbalist field. Check out https://www.naturalindustryjobs.com/currentjobs.asp for listings of relevant positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop an online presence.\", \"描述\": \"Market yourself and your business with a nice website and social media pages. Connect with successful herbalists and healthcare practitioners online, by following them on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, and signing up for mailing lists. Analyze the ways that they advertise, get clients, and connect with their communities, and implement successful practices into your own marketing plan.\\nTry writing articles for blogs or local papers to get your name out there and showcase your expertise.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build up a client base.\", \"描述\": \"Start with friends and family members and ask them to refer people they know to you. You can also post ads in the newspaper, at local businesses, or online to get new clients. Ask your clients to pass your information along to anybody they know who might be in need of herbalist services.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get business training if your money and marketing skills aren’t strong.\", \"描述\": \"Join small business associations and try taking a course in business, bookkeeping, and marketing. Some herbal schools also provide business-focused training programs, such as the Herbal Academy’s Entrepreneur Course or the Commonwealth Herbs’ Business Mentorship.\\nCheck out the book Business Mastery by massage therapist Cherie M. Sohnen-Moe for a helpful guide in mastering the business side of your career.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Legal and Ethical Limits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t make any diagnoses or prescriptions unless you're a doctor.\", \"描述\": \"Herbalists who haven't also done medical degrees are not doctors, and so are legally not permitted to ‘practice medicine without a license.’ This includes diagnosing, prescribing, and using terms like ‘treat’ or ‘cure.’\\nDon’t advise clients on how to take (or stop taking) pharmaceutical medications.\\nYou can legally make recommendations, educate your clients about specific herbs, and dispense herbs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for products.\", \"描述\": \"GMPs address every part of the manufacturing process of herbs and herbal products, including identification of the ingredients, purity assurance, and personnel training and hygiene. There are also labeling requirements for products, including regulations about listing ingredients and any serious side effects, making claims about the product’s structure and function, and issuing disclaimers.\\nFor more information about GMPs contact your local or state organic certification agency, or visit the FDA website: https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/DietarySupplements/ucm238182.htm.\\nWhether you’re a small community herbalist or a multi-million dollar supplement manufacturer, if you make and sell your own products to the public, particularly tinctures, you’re legally obligated to comply with the GMPs. The FDA can shut your business down for non-compliance.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make referrals for clients with conditions beyond your expertise.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to know the limits of your knowledge and abilities. Develop a go-to list of practitioners to whom you can refer clients when their problems and needs are beyond your ability to help. Judiciously making referrals will increase your clients’ trust in you, as well, rather than hurt your business.\\nFor example, you probably aren’t prepared to take on a client who has cancer if you’ve only taken a 6-week course on herbs.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Herbalists’ earnings can cover a wide spectrum, from between $20,000 to $120,00 per year, depending on their expertise, practice, and individual success. Clinical herbalists can charge between $50 and $100 an hour or more, whereas herbal educators can make $30 to $120 an hour, depending on your venue and audience.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"There is no official certification agency or licensing board for herbalists in the United States. Herbalists who refer to themselves as ‘certified’ are misleading the public. Herbalists can legally charge for services as clinical herbalists without any license or certification.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,008 |
How to Become an Honor Student
|
1. Getting Started
1-1. Find your motivation.
Why do you want to be an honors student? To get a well-paid job? To make your parents happy? For the sheer love of academics? Motivation can come from inside or outside. The best way to start towards your goal is to know exactly what is motivating you.
Studies suggest that intrinsic motivation, or feeling motivated to do something because it aligns with something you believe or value, is more powerful than extrinsic, or external, motivation. Intrinsic motivation is driven by three basic needs: competence (doing something successfully), relatedness (connecting with other people), and autonomy (feeling in charge of your own life).
For example, if you're motivated to become an honor student because you love performing well at your studies, or because it makes you feel like you're in charge of your education, this is intrinsic motivation.
If you are motivated to pursue honor status because you want your parents to be proud of you, or to enhance your resume, this is extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation isn't a bad thing, but it isn't as strong as intrinsic motivation.
1-2. Organize
School can throw a lot at you. Take a systematic approach. Have all your books and assignments ready every day and know what's coming. Organization is a key characteristic of honor students.
Do you tend to forget assignments? Try using a daily planner as a way to remember. You can even enter in reminders on your phone or in an online calendar such as Google Calendar or Apple's iCloud Calendar.
Keep separate folders for each course or subject. Make sure you keep all your assignments, notes, rubrics, etc. for the course in this folder. When it comes time to study for an exam or write an essay, you'll have all your material in one place.
Set deadlines for yourself. Your teachers likely have deadlines for projects, but setting your own deadlines ahead of these will help you stay on track. Break large projects down into smaller sub-tasks and set a mini-deadline for each task. For example, instead of "term paper due December 4," figure out how much time you will need for each stage of that paper. You'll need time to plan, research, write a draft, revise it, and turn it in (preferably ahead of the due date). Set deadlines for each of those stages.
1-3. Set a routine.
High achievers often keep very regular schedules. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant was so routine that his neighbors set their watches to him! Doing the same tasks regularly, at the same time and place every day, is part of being organized and will put you in a proper mental space.
A routine prepares you to work. Set aside a time each day or each week to work on a subject without distractions. Or, give yourself a quota to meet each day -- so many pages to read or words to write.
Make appointments with yourself for study time. Fill them in on your calendar just as you would going to class or soccer practice. Keep these appointments faithfully.
Get in the habit of studying for a set amount of time, such as 45 minutes, followed by a 15-minute break. This method is much more effective than trying to study for huge chunks of time.
1-4. Create a good study space.
Having a good work-space is important. You need a place that helps you focus on your studies without distractions or interruptions. Figure out what works best for you, and create a study environment that matches those needs.
Some people work best in silence. Others prefer to work to music or background noise.
Avoid studying in bed, as this can encourage you to goof off or take a nap instead.
Change up your study locations at times. A desk at home, a library carrel, or a table at a quiet cafe are good choices.
2. Hitting the Books
2-1. Go to class.
School is filled with distractions, from your friends to sports and parties, and once you get to college no one will call your parents if you skip class. But try to make academics your priority. You won’t be an honors student if you are chronically absent. You cannot excel if you aren't there to learn and discuss the material.
Many honors courses have additional requirements, such as class participation or class discussion. If you miss class, you miss out on this part of your grade.
A good circle of friends or study partners can hold you accountable. Consider making a deal with your study-buddies to keep each other in class.
2-2. Get help from others.
Schools usually have resources available to help you reach your highest potential. You just have to ask. It should be possible to find a study group, for example, and some schools even have special centers for tutoring in subjects like math. Be aware of what's available.
Talk with your teacher if you're having difficulty, or you'd just like to understand a topic more clearly. As long as it's not an hour before the test, most teachers are happy to answer your questions.
Join a peer tutoring program if you need more intensive one-on-one help. Peer tutors know their stuff -- you have to do well in a subject in order to become one. They can guide you through assignments and major concepts, build up your base of knowledge, or help you prepare for an upcoming exam.
Don't despair if your school doesn't offer these resources. It's always possible to form your own study circle. But be careful if your study circle consists only of close friends. Minimize your distractions and remember to hit those books!
2-3. Take good notes in class.
You forget 47% of the information you encounter within twenty minutes. You forget 68% in a day. Take good notes for every subject in order to remember what you’ve covered in reading and lectures for later review.
Taking notes is an art form. It will take you some time to learn how to listen and read effectively and identify the most important things. Oftentimes school writing centers offer students tips for this.
How you take notes – whether by computer or hand – is up to you. Studies suggest that taking notes by hand is better for comprehension and recall, though. Some (but not all) teachers are also fine with students recording them in class. Just make sure to ask for their permission beforehand.
Many honor students like using the Cornell method, which involves taking notes during class and then later returning to them to review and condense. This method is great for courses that cover clearly-defined subjects, such as math, science, and history. It is less useful for more abstract courses that focus less on memorization and recall, such as a discussion-heavy literature course.
2-4. Do your assignments.
Whether essays, lab reports, or problem sets, assignments will usually make up a big part of your total grade in a course. Missing just one might mean a reduction in your final mark. It might mean more. It can be the difference between a final B+ and an A.
There are also reasons to do your homework besides just the grades. Studies have shown that completing your homework is linked to higher achievement and to the development of skills like time management, responsibility, and good study habits.
Turn in your assignments early when possible. If your paper is due online at midnight, it's practically a guarantee that there will be a dozen students trying to upload it at 11:59, which could cause system crashes. Do your assignments as soon as possible, and definitely turn them in early when you can.
A strong history of turning in your assignments on time also makes teachers more likely to be flexible if you have a genuine emergency. If you've only turned in a third of your homework to start with, though, your teacher is unlikely to be impressed by your excellent excuse for not doing it this time.
2-5. Be honest about your work.
While it's usually a good thing to study with classmates, there can be a thin line between cooperating and cheating. Your teachers will expect you to hand in your own work. If you aren't clear on what's acceptable, talk with your teacher beforehand.
Be especially careful when it comes to homework assignments. Unless it's a group project, it may be inappropriate to do an assignment with others.
Never plagiarize. Using another person's answers, or copying words from a book or website into an essay, are forms of plagiarism and academically dishonest. Plagiarism can cause you to fail an assignment or course or even get you expelled.
2-6. Study often and early.
Being an honor student probably means hitting the books more than your peers. Review your lessons and notes at home or before class. Review with friends or alone. Review while on the bus or watching TV. You can also try as much as possible to read ahead, as this will help you to ask reasonable questions and allow you to understand new topics more easily.
Try bringing flashcards with you on the bus or public transit. You can review them while you're riding to school, or even while you're standing in line at the store.
By reviewing your material in smaller chunks frequently, you're more likely to commit it to long-term memory.
Try studying with a friend. Sometimes studying with someone else can help you both stay motivated.
2-7. Forget trying to multitask.
Many students seem to believe that they're great multitaskers. However, many studies show that multitasking, or trying to focus on several tasks at the same time, simply doesn't work. You just end up spreading your attention out thinly over several areas, rather than focusing it on one. So put the cell phone away, log off social media, and turn off the TV while you're studying.
This works the other way around, too. Even the most dedicated honor student needs time to decompress and relax, or you'll burn out. Schedule in some dedicated "me time" and keep it faithfully. If you're on a half-hour break, try not to think about homework.
3. Following Through Outside the Classroom
3-1. Stay focused.
Getting good grades for an entire academic year is a challenge that requires mental focus. At times it will be a slog. Remember your original motivation and keep it in mind.
Motivations change sometimes. Maybe having the perfect resume was really motivating in August but isn't so much in November. Try thinking about your long-term goals and how being an honor student plays into them.
Try to find sources of intrinsic motivation when you can. It can be much harder to stay focused and dedicated if you're doing something to make someone else happy, rather than yourself.
3-2. Talk to your teachers.
Teachers are there to help you – it’s their job and they generally like it when students show interest. If you introduce yourself, they will not only remember you but also appreciate your questions.
Being willing to admit that you need help and ask questions actually reflects well on you as an honor student. It ultimately shows that you understand the need for collaboration and growth.
Teachers will often make time before or after class to field students’ questions. It is usually a good idea to approach them then. However, if before or after class doesn't work, talk with your teacher about meeting another time. Often, teachers are happy to accommodate you if you have genuine questions and curiosity.
In college, professors also generally hold weekly office hours. Find out where and when they are and visit a couple of times during the semester. But have a clear reason for going. They will appreciate your visit so long as you do not waste their time.
3-3. Don’t get discouraged.
A scholastic career is not complete without one or two whiffs – a bad grade, for example, or a poorly received essay. It is important to use these as lessons for the future and not give up.
Remind yourself that everyone makes mistakes. Making a mistake, or even a failing grade, is not the same as being "a failure." Students who hold themselves to unreasonable standards of perfection often suffer increased levels of depression and anxiety, and may not even perform as well as those who have more reasonable standards.
Perfectionism is not the same as the healthy quest for excellence that being an honor student represents. When you have a perfectionist approach, you use all-or-nothing thinking: a single bad grade represents total failure, which is unacceptable. You also tend to internalize mistakes, as though doing poorly on a quiz says something negative about you as a person. Instead, set yourself standards that are high, but that don't demand utter perfection. Remember that learning is a process and not a product.
Channel any frustrations into productive energy. Try to accept criticism and use it to improve in the future. View mistakes not as failures, but as opportunities to grow and learn so you can perform differently next time.
3-4. Maintain a healthy school/life balance.
Beware of too much of a good thing. Classes are important; they are why you are in school in the first place. But too much focus on academics can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Give yourself time to enjoy a social life, activities you enjoy, and decompress from the stresses of being an honor student.
Do things to keep yourself healthy and in good spirits. Consider joining an extracurricular activity. Not only will you have fun, extracurricular activities often look great on a resume or college application.
Have a support network. Friends can help you catch up when you are absent on a particular day, but they are also invaluable for your overall well-being. An active social life can be a great release and give you a much-needed break from studying. Family is important, too. There will probably be times when you’ll need to lean on them for moral support.
3-5. Eat right and exercise.
It may sound strange, but we now know that there are clear links between diet, exercise, and high cognitive performance in children as well as adults. The right food and regular exercise will prime you for learning.
Eat breakfast every day, preferably one that incorporates sources of quality protein such as eggs, yogurt, and whole grains.
Incorporate plenty of fresh, dark-colored fruits and vegetables into your diet. These foods are high in vitamins and antioxidants and are literally "brain food."
Get enough glucose. Studies have shown that glucose is important for brain function. If you're diabetic, of course, you need to follow instructions from your physician. In general, though, sources of glucose such as potatoes and whole-grain bread, and even the occasional glass of lemonade or chocolate, will help boost your memory and attention.
Get enough daily exercise. Even 30 minutes a day of moderate aerobic exercise, such as running, dancing, or kickboxing, will keep you de-stressed and healthy.
Tips
Try rewarding yourself whenever you finish your homework or complete a study session. Having rewards to look forward to will help you stay motivated.[30]
X
Expert Source
Alexander Ruiz, M.Ed.Educational Consultant
Expert Interview. 18 June 2020.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Started\\n1-1. Find your motivation.\\nWhy do you want to be an honors student? To get a well-paid job? To make your parents happy? For the sheer love of academics? Motivation can come from inside or outside. The best way to start towards your goal is to know exactly what is motivating you.\\nStudies suggest that intrinsic motivation, or feeling motivated to do something because it aligns with something you believe or value, is more powerful than extrinsic, or external, motivation. Intrinsic motivation is driven by three basic needs: competence (doing something successfully), relatedness (connecting with other people), and autonomy (feeling in charge of your own life).\\nFor example, if you're motivated to become an honor student because you love performing well at your studies, or because it makes you feel like you're in charge of your education, this is intrinsic motivation.\\nIf you are motivated to pursue honor status because you want your parents to be proud of you, or to enhance your resume, this is extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation isn't a bad thing, but it isn't as strong as intrinsic motivation.\\n1-2. Organize\\nSchool can throw a lot at you. Take a systematic approach. Have all your books and assignments ready every day and know what's coming. Organization is a key characteristic of honor students.\\nDo you tend to forget assignments? Try using a daily planner as a way to remember. You can even enter in reminders on your phone or in an online calendar such as Google Calendar or Apple's iCloud Calendar.\\nKeep separate folders for each course or subject. Make sure you keep all your assignments, notes, rubrics, etc. for the course in this folder. When it comes time to study for an exam or write an essay, you'll have all your material in one place.\\nSet deadlines for yourself. Your teachers likely have deadlines for projects, but setting your own deadlines ahead of these will help you stay on track. Break large projects down into smaller sub-tasks and set a mini-deadline for each task. For example, instead of \\\"term paper due December 4,\\\" figure out how much time you will need for each stage of that paper. You'll need time to plan, research, write a draft, revise it, and turn it in (preferably ahead of the due date). Set deadlines for each of those stages.\\n1-3. Set a routine.\\nHigh achievers often keep very regular schedules. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant was so routine that his neighbors set their watches to him! Doing the same tasks regularly, at the same time and place every day, is part of being organized and will put you in a proper mental space.\\nA routine prepares you to work. Set aside a time each day or each week to work on a subject without distractions. Or, give yourself a quota to meet each day -- so many pages to read or words to write.\\nMake appointments with yourself for study time. Fill them in on your calendar just as you would going to class or soccer practice. Keep these appointments faithfully.\\nGet in the habit of studying for a set amount of time, such as 45 minutes, followed by a 15-minute break. This method is much more effective than trying to study for huge chunks of time.\\n1-4. Create a good study space.\\nHaving a good work-space is important. You need a place that helps you focus on your studies without distractions or interruptions. Figure out what works best for you, and create a study environment that matches those needs.\\nSome people work best in silence. Others prefer to work to music or background noise.\\nAvoid studying in bed, as this can encourage you to goof off or take a nap instead.\\nChange up your study locations at times. A desk at home, a library carrel, or a table at a quiet cafe are good choices.\\n2. Hitting the Books\\n2-1. Go to class.\\nSchool is filled with distractions, from your friends to sports and parties, and once you get to college no one will call your parents if you skip class. But try to make academics your priority. You won’t be an honors student if you are chronically absent. You cannot excel if you aren't there to learn and discuss the material.\\nMany honors courses have additional requirements, such as class participation or class discussion. If you miss class, you miss out on this part of your grade.\\nA good circle of friends or study partners can hold you accountable. Consider making a deal with your study-buddies to keep each other in class.\\n2-2. Get help from others.\\nSchools usually have resources available to help you reach your highest potential. You just have to ask. It should be possible to find a study group, for example, and some schools even have special centers for tutoring in subjects like math. Be aware of what's available.\\nTalk with your teacher if you're having difficulty, or you'd just like to understand a topic more clearly. As long as it's not an hour before the test, most teachers are happy to answer your questions.\\nJoin a peer tutoring program if you need more intensive one-on-one help. Peer tutors know their stuff -- you have to do well in a subject in order to become one. They can guide you through assignments and major concepts, build up your base of knowledge, or help you prepare for an upcoming exam.\\nDon't despair if your school doesn't offer these resources. It's always possible to form your own study circle. But be careful if your study circle consists only of close friends. Minimize your distractions and remember to hit those books!\\n2-3. Take good notes in class.\\nYou forget 47% of the information you encounter within twenty minutes. You forget 68% in a day. Take good notes for every subject in order to remember what you’ve covered in reading and lectures for later review.\\nTaking notes is an art form. It will take you some time to learn how to listen and read effectively and identify the most important things. Oftentimes school writing centers offer students tips for this.\\nHow you take notes – whether by computer or hand – is up to you. Studies suggest that taking notes by hand is better for comprehension and recall, though. Some (but not all) teachers are also fine with students recording them in class. Just make sure to ask for their permission beforehand.\\nMany honor students like using the Cornell method, which involves taking notes during class and then later returning to them to review and condense. This method is great for courses that cover clearly-defined subjects, such as math, science, and history. It is less useful for more abstract courses that focus less on memorization and recall, such as a discussion-heavy literature course.\\n2-4. Do your assignments.\\nWhether essays, lab reports, or problem sets, assignments will usually make up a big part of your total grade in a course. Missing just one might mean a reduction in your final mark. It might mean more. It can be the difference between a final B+ and an A.\\nThere are also reasons to do your homework besides just the grades. Studies have shown that completing your homework is linked to higher achievement and to the development of skills like time management, responsibility, and good study habits.\\nTurn in your assignments early when possible. If your paper is due online at midnight, it's practically a guarantee that there will be a dozen students trying to upload it at 11:59, which could cause system crashes. Do your assignments as soon as possible, and definitely turn them in early when you can.\\nA strong history of turning in your assignments on time also makes teachers more likely to be flexible if you have a genuine emergency. If you've only turned in a third of your homework to start with, though, your teacher is unlikely to be impressed by your excellent excuse for not doing it this time.\\n2-5. Be honest about your work.\\nWhile it's usually a good thing to study with classmates, there can be a thin line between cooperating and cheating. Your teachers will expect you to hand in your own work. If you aren't clear on what's acceptable, talk with your teacher beforehand.\\nBe especially careful when it comes to homework assignments. Unless it's a group project, it may be inappropriate to do an assignment with others.\\nNever plagiarize. Using another person's answers, or copying words from a book or website into an essay, are forms of plagiarism and academically dishonest. Plagiarism can cause you to fail an assignment or course or even get you expelled.\\n2-6. Study often and early.\\nBeing an honor student probably means hitting the books more than your peers. Review your lessons and notes at home or before class. Review with friends or alone. Review while on the bus or watching TV. You can also try as much as possible to read ahead, as this will help you to ask reasonable questions and allow you to understand new topics more easily.\\nTry bringing flashcards with you on the bus or public transit. You can review them while you're riding to school, or even while you're standing in line at the store.\\nBy reviewing your material in smaller chunks frequently, you're more likely to commit it to long-term memory.\\nTry studying with a friend. Sometimes studying with someone else can help you both stay motivated.\\n2-7. Forget trying to multitask.\\nMany students seem to believe that they're great multitaskers. However, many studies show that multitasking, or trying to focus on several tasks at the same time, simply doesn't work. You just end up spreading your attention out thinly over several areas, rather than focusing it on one. So put the cell phone away, log off social media, and turn off the TV while you're studying.\\nThis works the other way around, too. Even the most dedicated honor student needs time to decompress and relax, or you'll burn out. Schedule in some dedicated \\\"me time\\\" and keep it faithfully. If you're on a half-hour break, try not to think about homework.\\n3. Following Through Outside the Classroom\\n3-1. Stay focused.\\nGetting good grades for an entire academic year is a challenge that requires mental focus. At times it will be a slog. Remember your original motivation and keep it in mind.\\nMotivations change sometimes. Maybe having the perfect resume was really motivating in August but isn't so much in November. Try thinking about your long-term goals and how being an honor student plays into them.\\nTry to find sources of intrinsic motivation when you can. It can be much harder to stay focused and dedicated if you're doing something to make someone else happy, rather than yourself.\\n3-2. Talk to your teachers.\\nTeachers are there to help you – it’s their job and they generally like it when students show interest. If you introduce yourself, they will not only remember you but also appreciate your questions.\\nBeing willing to admit that you need help and ask questions actually reflects well on you as an honor student. It ultimately shows that you understand the need for collaboration and growth.\\nTeachers will often make time before or after class to field students’ questions. It is usually a good idea to approach them then. However, if before or after class doesn't work, talk with your teacher about meeting another time. Often, teachers are happy to accommodate you if you have genuine questions and curiosity.\\nIn college, professors also generally hold weekly office hours. Find out where and when they are and visit a couple of times during the semester. But have a clear reason for going. They will appreciate your visit so long as you do not waste their time.\\n3-3. Don’t get discouraged.\\nA scholastic career is not complete without one or two whiffs – a bad grade, for example, or a poorly received essay. It is important to use these as lessons for the future and not give up.\\nRemind yourself that everyone makes mistakes. Making a mistake, or even a failing grade, is not the same as being \\\"a failure.\\\" Students who hold themselves to unreasonable standards of perfection often suffer increased levels of depression and anxiety, and may not even perform as well as those who have more reasonable standards.\\nPerfectionism is not the same as the healthy quest for excellence that being an honor student represents. When you have a perfectionist approach, you use all-or-nothing thinking: a single bad grade represents total failure, which is unacceptable. You also tend to internalize mistakes, as though doing poorly on a quiz says something negative about you as a person. Instead, set yourself standards that are high, but that don't demand utter perfection. Remember that learning is a process and not a product.\\nChannel any frustrations into productive energy. Try to accept criticism and use it to improve in the future. View mistakes not as failures, but as opportunities to grow and learn so you can perform differently next time.\\n3-4. Maintain a healthy school/life balance.\\nBeware of too much of a good thing. Classes are important; they are why you are in school in the first place. But too much focus on academics can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Give yourself time to enjoy a social life, activities you enjoy, and decompress from the stresses of being an honor student.\\nDo things to keep yourself healthy and in good spirits. Consider joining an extracurricular activity. Not only will you have fun, extracurricular activities often look great on a resume or college application.\\nHave a support network. Friends can help you catch up when you are absent on a particular day, but they are also invaluable for your overall well-being. An active social life can be a great release and give you a much-needed break from studying. Family is important, too. There will probably be times when you’ll need to lean on them for moral support.\\n3-5. Eat right and exercise.\\nIt may sound strange, but we now know that there are clear links between diet, exercise, and high cognitive performance in children as well as adults. The right food and regular exercise will prime you for learning.\\nEat breakfast every day, preferably one that incorporates sources of quality protein such as eggs, yogurt, and whole grains.\\nIncorporate plenty of fresh, dark-colored fruits and vegetables into your diet. These foods are high in vitamins and antioxidants and are literally \\\"brain food.\\\"\\nGet enough glucose. Studies have shown that glucose is important for brain function. If you're diabetic, of course, you need to follow instructions from your physician. In general, though, sources of glucose such as potatoes and whole-grain bread, and even the occasional glass of lemonade or chocolate, will help boost your memory and attention.\\nGet enough daily exercise. Even 30 minutes a day of moderate aerobic exercise, such as running, dancing, or kickboxing, will keep you de-stressed and healthy.\\nTips\\nTry rewarding yourself whenever you finish your homework or complete a study session. Having rewards to look forward to will help you stay motivated.[30]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nAlexander Ruiz, M.Ed.Educational Consultant\\nExpert Interview. 18 June 2020.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming an honor student is a major milestone in an academic career. Joining the Honor Roll or Dean’s List tells others that you are not only a top student in grades, but that you demonstrate maturity and take your studies seriously. Although it isn’t easy, achieving honors status can have real benefits: it may get you into a good college, it may impress scholarship or financial aid committees, it may earn you a tuition discount, or it may help you land that job you’ve always wanted. The commitment can be intense, though. You’ll need to approach the task with seriousness of purpose.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Started\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find your motivation.\", \"描述\": \"Why do you want to be an honors student? To get a well-paid job? To make your parents happy? For the sheer love of academics? Motivation can come from inside or outside. The best way to start towards your goal is to know exactly what is motivating you.\\nStudies suggest that intrinsic motivation, or feeling motivated to do something because it aligns with something you believe or value, is more powerful than extrinsic, or external, motivation. Intrinsic motivation is driven by three basic needs: competence (doing something successfully), relatedness (connecting with other people), and autonomy (feeling in charge of your own life).\\nFor example, if you're motivated to become an honor student because you love performing well at your studies, or because it makes you feel like you're in charge of your education, this is intrinsic motivation.\\nIf you are motivated to pursue honor status because you want your parents to be proud of you, or to enhance your resume, this is extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation isn't a bad thing, but it isn't as strong as intrinsic motivation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Organize\", \"描述\": \"School can throw a lot at you. Take a systematic approach. Have all your books and assignments ready every day and know what's coming. Organization is a key characteristic of honor students.\\nDo you tend to forget assignments? Try using a daily planner as a way to remember. You can even enter in reminders on your phone or in an online calendar such as Google Calendar or Apple's iCloud Calendar.\\nKeep separate folders for each course or subject. Make sure you keep all your assignments, notes, rubrics, etc. for the course in this folder. When it comes time to study for an exam or write an essay, you'll have all your material in one place.\\nSet deadlines for yourself. Your teachers likely have deadlines for projects, but setting your own deadlines ahead of these will help you stay on track. Break large projects down into smaller sub-tasks and set a mini-deadline for each task. For example, instead of \\\"term paper due December 4,\\\" figure out how much time you will need for each stage of that paper. You'll need time to plan, research, write a draft, revise it, and turn it in (preferably ahead of the due date). Set deadlines for each of those stages.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set a routine.\", \"描述\": \"High achievers often keep very regular schedules. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant was so routine that his neighbors set their watches to him! Doing the same tasks regularly, at the same time and place every day, is part of being organized and will put you in a proper mental space.\\nA routine prepares you to work. Set aside a time each day or each week to work on a subject without distractions. Or, give yourself a quota to meet each day -- so many pages to read or words to write.\\nMake appointments with yourself for study time. Fill them in on your calendar just as you would going to class or soccer practice. Keep these appointments faithfully.\\nGet in the habit of studying for a set amount of time, such as 45 minutes, followed by a 15-minute break. This method is much more effective than trying to study for huge chunks of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a good study space.\", \"描述\": \"Having a good work-space is important. You need a place that helps you focus on your studies without distractions or interruptions. Figure out what works best for you, and create a study environment that matches those needs.\\nSome people work best in silence. Others prefer to work to music or background noise.\\nAvoid studying in bed, as this can encourage you to goof off or take a nap instead.\\nChange up your study locations at times. A desk at home, a library carrel, or a table at a quiet cafe are good choices.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hitting the Books\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to class.\", \"描述\": \"School is filled with distractions, from your friends to sports and parties, and once you get to college no one will call your parents if you skip class. But try to make academics your priority. You won’t be an honors student if you are chronically absent. You cannot excel if you aren't there to learn and discuss the material.\\nMany honors courses have additional requirements, such as class participation or class discussion. If you miss class, you miss out on this part of your grade.\\nA good circle of friends or study partners can hold you accountable. Consider making a deal with your study-buddies to keep each other in class.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get help from others.\", \"描述\": \"Schools usually have resources available to help you reach your highest potential. You just have to ask. It should be possible to find a study group, for example, and some schools even have special centers for tutoring in subjects like math. Be aware of what's available.\\nTalk with your teacher if you're having difficulty, or you'd just like to understand a topic more clearly. As long as it's not an hour before the test, most teachers are happy to answer your questions.\\nJoin a peer tutoring program if you need more intensive one-on-one help. Peer tutors know their stuff -- you have to do well in a subject in order to become one. They can guide you through assignments and major concepts, build up your base of knowledge, or help you prepare for an upcoming exam.\\nDon't despair if your school doesn't offer these resources. It's always possible to form your own study circle. But be careful if your study circle consists only of close friends. Minimize your distractions and remember to hit those books!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take good notes in class.\", \"描述\": \"You forget 47% of the information you encounter within twenty minutes. You forget 68% in a day. Take good notes for every subject in order to remember what you’ve covered in reading and lectures for later review.\\nTaking notes is an art form. It will take you some time to learn how to listen and read effectively and identify the most important things. Oftentimes school writing centers offer students tips for this.\\nHow you take notes – whether by computer or hand – is up to you. Studies suggest that taking notes by hand is better for comprehension and recall, though. Some (but not all) teachers are also fine with students recording them in class. Just make sure to ask for their permission beforehand.\\nMany honor students like using the Cornell method, which involves taking notes during class and then later returning to them to review and condense. This method is great for courses that cover clearly-defined subjects, such as math, science, and history. It is less useful for more abstract courses that focus less on memorization and recall, such as a discussion-heavy literature course.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do your assignments.\", \"描述\": \"Whether essays, lab reports, or problem sets, assignments will usually make up a big part of your total grade in a course. Missing just one might mean a reduction in your final mark. It might mean more. It can be the difference between a final B+ and an A.\\nThere are also reasons to do your homework besides just the grades. Studies have shown that completing your homework is linked to higher achievement and to the development of skills like time management, responsibility, and good study habits.\\nTurn in your assignments early when possible. If your paper is due online at midnight, it's practically a guarantee that there will be a dozen students trying to upload it at 11:59, which could cause system crashes. Do your assignments as soon as possible, and definitely turn them in early when you can.\\nA strong history of turning in your assignments on time also makes teachers more likely to be flexible if you have a genuine emergency. If you've only turned in a third of your homework to start with, though, your teacher is unlikely to be impressed by your excellent excuse for not doing it this time.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be honest about your work.\", \"描述\": \"While it's usually a good thing to study with classmates, there can be a thin line between cooperating and cheating. Your teachers will expect you to hand in your own work. If you aren't clear on what's acceptable, talk with your teacher beforehand.\\nBe especially careful when it comes to homework assignments. Unless it's a group project, it may be inappropriate to do an assignment with others.\\nNever plagiarize. Using another person's answers, or copying words from a book or website into an essay, are forms of plagiarism and academically dishonest. Plagiarism can cause you to fail an assignment or course or even get you expelled.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Study often and early.\", \"描述\": \"Being an honor student probably means hitting the books more than your peers. Review your lessons and notes at home or before class. Review with friends or alone. Review while on the bus or watching TV. You can also try as much as possible to read ahead, as this will help you to ask reasonable questions and allow you to understand new topics more easily.\\nTry bringing flashcards with you on the bus or public transit. You can review them while you're riding to school, or even while you're standing in line at the store.\\nBy reviewing your material in smaller chunks frequently, you're more likely to commit it to long-term memory.\\nTry studying with a friend. Sometimes studying with someone else can help you both stay motivated.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Forget trying to multitask.\", \"描述\": \"Many students seem to believe that they're great multitaskers. However, many studies show that multitasking, or trying to focus on several tasks at the same time, simply doesn't work. You just end up spreading your attention out thinly over several areas, rather than focusing it on one. So put the cell phone away, log off social media, and turn off the TV while you're studying.\\nThis works the other way around, too. Even the most dedicated honor student needs time to decompress and relax, or you'll burn out. Schedule in some dedicated \\\"me time\\\" and keep it faithfully. If you're on a half-hour break, try not to think about homework.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Following Through Outside the Classroom\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay focused.\", \"描述\": \"Getting good grades for an entire academic year is a challenge that requires mental focus. At times it will be a slog. Remember your original motivation and keep it in mind.\\nMotivations change sometimes. Maybe having the perfect resume was really motivating in August but isn't so much in November. Try thinking about your long-term goals and how being an honor student plays into them.\\nTry to find sources of intrinsic motivation when you can. It can be much harder to stay focused and dedicated if you're doing something to make someone else happy, rather than yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to your teachers.\", \"描述\": \"Teachers are there to help you – it’s their job and they generally like it when students show interest. If you introduce yourself, they will not only remember you but also appreciate your questions.\\nBeing willing to admit that you need help and ask questions actually reflects well on you as an honor student. It ultimately shows that you understand the need for collaboration and growth.\\nTeachers will often make time before or after class to field students’ questions. It is usually a good idea to approach them then. However, if before or after class doesn't work, talk with your teacher about meeting another time. Often, teachers are happy to accommodate you if you have genuine questions and curiosity.\\nIn college, professors also generally hold weekly office hours. Find out where and when they are and visit a couple of times during the semester. But have a clear reason for going. They will appreciate your visit so long as you do not waste their time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t get discouraged.\", \"描述\": \"A scholastic career is not complete without one or two whiffs – a bad grade, for example, or a poorly received essay. It is important to use these as lessons for the future and not give up.\\nRemind yourself that everyone makes mistakes. Making a mistake, or even a failing grade, is not the same as being \\\"a failure.\\\" Students who hold themselves to unreasonable standards of perfection often suffer increased levels of depression and anxiety, and may not even perform as well as those who have more reasonable standards.\\nPerfectionism is not the same as the healthy quest for excellence that being an honor student represents. When you have a perfectionist approach, you use all-or-nothing thinking: a single bad grade represents total failure, which is unacceptable. You also tend to internalize mistakes, as though doing poorly on a quiz says something negative about you as a person. Instead, set yourself standards that are high, but that don't demand utter perfection. Remember that learning is a process and not a product.\\nChannel any frustrations into productive energy. Try to accept criticism and use it to improve in the future. View mistakes not as failures, but as opportunities to grow and learn so you can perform differently next time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Maintain a healthy school/life balance.\", \"描述\": \"Beware of too much of a good thing. Classes are important; they are why you are in school in the first place. But too much focus on academics can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Give yourself time to enjoy a social life, activities you enjoy, and decompress from the stresses of being an honor student.\\nDo things to keep yourself healthy and in good spirits. Consider joining an extracurricular activity. Not only will you have fun, extracurricular activities often look great on a resume or college application.\\nHave a support network. Friends can help you catch up when you are absent on a particular day, but they are also invaluable for your overall well-being. An active social life can be a great release and give you a much-needed break from studying. Family is important, too. There will probably be times when you’ll need to lean on them for moral support.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Eat right and exercise.\", \"描述\": \"It may sound strange, but we now know that there are clear links between diet, exercise, and high cognitive performance in children as well as adults. The right food and regular exercise will prime you for learning.\\nEat breakfast every day, preferably one that incorporates sources of quality protein such as eggs, yogurt, and whole grains.\\nIncorporate plenty of fresh, dark-colored fruits and vegetables into your diet. These foods are high in vitamins and antioxidants and are literally \\\"brain food.\\\"\\nGet enough glucose. Studies have shown that glucose is important for brain function. If you're diabetic, of course, you need to follow instructions from your physician. In general, though, sources of glucose such as potatoes and whole-grain bread, and even the occasional glass of lemonade or chocolate, will help boost your memory and attention.\\nGet enough daily exercise. Even 30 minutes a day of moderate aerobic exercise, such as running, dancing, or kickboxing, will keep you de-stressed and healthy.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try rewarding yourself whenever you finish your homework or complete a study session. Having rewards to look forward to will help you stay motivated.[30]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nAlexander Ruiz, M.Ed.Educational Consultant\\nExpert Interview. 18 June 2020.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become an ISA‐Certified Arborist
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1. Becoming Eligible for Certification
1-1. Gain at least 3 years of experience in arboriculture before applying.
Jobs that involve pruning, fertilization, or diagnosis and treatment of diseases in trees all count as relevant experience. If you're unsure whether your experience is relevant, contact the ISA for more information.
Some examples of relevant careers include working for tree care companies, nurseries, landscape companies, state forestry agencies, and academic arboriculture/horticulture departments.
Volunteer experience involving trees may count if your work was supervised and can be documented.
1-2. Gather documentation of your work experience.
These documents will be submitted with your ISA certification application. You might, for example, gather letter(s) of reference from your current and former employers, payroll stubs from your current job, CPR or First Aid certifications, business licenses, work invoices, or contracts between yourself and former clients.
How much documentation you need depends on how much work experience you have. You should be able to provide documentation for each job you list on your application.
1-3. Obtain 3 letters of reference if you are self-employed.
If you're an arborist who does freelance work or owns their own company, ask your former clients for letters of reference. Submit these 3 letters with your application as validation of your self-employment experience.
1-4. Pursue a degree in arboriculture as relevant experience (optional).
An associate degree in arboriculture coupled with 2 years of experience, or a bachelor degree in arboriculture and 1 year of experience, both fulfill the 3 years of relevant experience required.
If you've earned your degree in arboriculture, include a copy of your degree in the application.
2. Preparing for the Exam
2-1. Familiarize yourself with the certification exam setup.
Knowing the different sections of the ISA certification test will help you know what to study. Each exam includes a multiple-choice question with 200 questions and a written section. Questions on the exam may test any of the following topics:
Soil management
Urban forestry
Tree identification and selection
Safe work practices
Tree installation and establishment
Tree biology
Pruning
Tree risk management
Tree protection
Tree diagnosis and treatment
2-2. Submit your application via the ISA website.
To take an ISA certification exam, you must first submit an application online. If you are considered qualified, you will be approved to take the test.
Include any work documentation, letters of recommendation, and request for special accommodations with your application as you submit it online.
You may submit your application by making an account on the ISA website.
2-3. Wait for your application's confirmation packet.
If you're deemed a qualified applicant, you will receive a confirmation packet containing the location, date, and time of the exam. You will also receive the name and information of the appropriate contact person if you have questions.
It can take up to 6 weeks
If you have not heard from the ISA after 6 weeks, contact your local chapter for information about your application.
If you're taking a computer-based exam, you will receive instructions with how to schedule your exam. You will have a 90-day period to schedule and take your exam once your application is accepted.
2-4. Sign up for a nearby ISA certification exam.
You may take ISA exams at most ISA chapter locations. Check your local ISA's website or contact them online to find out when the next certification exam is being offered in your area.
The ISA certification test is available in English or Spanish. When you sign up for the exam, indicate which language you want to take the test in.
You may also take ISA certification exams at any Pearson VUE center. Search for a VUE center in your area here:http://www.pearsonvue.com/isa/locate/
2-5. Pay the exam fee to register for the test.
If you are currently an ISA member, the fee is $170 USD. If you aren't, you'll need to pay $280 USD to take the test. In addition to the exam fee, you will also need to pay a $125 USD fee if you choose to take the exam on a computer.
2-6. Use the official ISA study guide to prepare for the test.
The ISA's Arborist's Certification Study Guide functions as the official study guide for the exam. You can purchase it online at the ISA's website or at your local ISA chapter.
The official ISA website sells their official study guide online here: http://www.isa-arbor.com/store/product.aspx?ProductID=7
Some ISA chapters offer prep classes to help applicants study for the exam. Contact your ISA chapters to see if any courses are available in your area.
3. Taking the Exam
3-1. Dress appropriately to your exam.
The ISA suggests that you dress comfortably so you don't feel distracted while taking the test. Dress in layers so you can add or remove clothing depending on the room's temperature.
Do not bring any digital accessories, like cell phones or watches, into the exam room.
3-2. Arrive at the testing center at least 30 minutes before the exam will start.
The exam will begin promptly at the scheduled time. Getting to the testing center a half an hour early will ensure that you have time to sign in.
Do not bring any study guides or reference material to the testing center.
Food and drinks are not allowed in the testing center, nor is smoking.
3-3. Provide 2 forms of identification to the exam host.
One form of identification must be a state-issued photo ID, like a driver's license or passport. The other must be an identification card displaying your signature.
3-4. Listen carefully to the exam administrator as you take the test.
As they read through the exam instructions, pay attention and ask any relevant questions. When the test starts, read through and follow all of the listed directions.
You may take bathroom breaks during the test, but the time taken will count against your time limit.
3-5. Wait for your score to determine whether you've passed the exam.
If you're taking a computer-based exam, you will be able to see your results immediately. If not, you will need to wait up to 6 weeks after your exam date to see your score. Log into your ISA application account to see your formal score results.
You must receive at least a 76% to past the test.
If you don't pass the exam, you can retake the test once for free. After that, you may pay $75 USD per retake for up to one year after taking the initial test.
3-6. Pursue specialized certification as desired.
After you become an ISA certified arborist, you may take further exams to receive specializations. Apply and register via the ISA website to take any of the specialization exams, as they are scheduled and taken in the same way as an ISA certified arborist exam.
You may take specializations in municipal arboriculture, utility vegetation management, tree worker climbing, and aerial list specialization. You can also take a test to become an ISA-certified master arborist.
Warnings
Be honest while taking the exam. The ISA reserves the right to deny or revoke the certification of any arborists who falsify information on their application, violate testing procedures, or misrepresent their identity.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming Eligible for Certification\\n1-1. Gain at least 3 years of experience in arboriculture before applying.\\nJobs that involve pruning, fertilization, or diagnosis and treatment of diseases in trees all count as relevant experience. If you're unsure whether your experience is relevant, contact the ISA for more information.\\nSome examples of relevant careers include working for tree care companies, nurseries, landscape companies, state forestry agencies, and academic arboriculture/horticulture departments.\\nVolunteer experience involving trees may count if your work was supervised and can be documented.\\n1-2. Gather documentation of your work experience.\\nThese documents will be submitted with your ISA certification application. You might, for example, gather letter(s) of reference from your current and former employers, payroll stubs from your current job, CPR or First Aid certifications, business licenses, work invoices, or contracts between yourself and former clients.\\nHow much documentation you need depends on how much work experience you have. You should be able to provide documentation for each job you list on your application.\\n1-3. Obtain 3 letters of reference if you are self-employed.\\nIf you're an arborist who does freelance work or owns their own company, ask your former clients for letters of reference. Submit these 3 letters with your application as validation of your self-employment experience.\\n1-4. Pursue a degree in arboriculture as relevant experience (optional).\\nAn associate degree in arboriculture coupled with 2 years of experience, or a bachelor degree in arboriculture and 1 year of experience, both fulfill the 3 years of relevant experience required.\\nIf you've earned your degree in arboriculture, include a copy of your degree in the application.\\n2. Preparing for the Exam\\n2-1. Familiarize yourself with the certification exam setup.\\nKnowing the different sections of the ISA certification test will help you know what to study. Each exam includes a multiple-choice question with 200 questions and a written section. Questions on the exam may test any of the following topics:\\nSoil management\\nUrban forestry\\nTree identification and selection\\nSafe work practices\\nTree installation and establishment\\nTree biology\\nPruning\\nTree risk management\\nTree protection\\nTree diagnosis and treatment\\n2-2. Submit your application via the ISA website.\\nTo take an ISA certification exam, you must first submit an application online. If you are considered qualified, you will be approved to take the test.\\nInclude any work documentation, letters of recommendation, and request for special accommodations with your application as you submit it online.\\nYou may submit your application by making an account on the ISA website.\\n2-3. Wait for your application's confirmation packet.\\nIf you're deemed a qualified applicant, you will receive a confirmation packet containing the location, date, and time of the exam. You will also receive the name and information of the appropriate contact person if you have questions.\\nIt can take up to 6 weeks\\nIf you have not heard from the ISA after 6 weeks, contact your local chapter for information about your application.\\nIf you're taking a computer-based exam, you will receive instructions with how to schedule your exam. You will have a 90-day period to schedule and take your exam once your application is accepted.\\n2-4. Sign up for a nearby ISA certification exam.\\nYou may take ISA exams at most ISA chapter locations. Check your local ISA's website or contact them online to find out when the next certification exam is being offered in your area.\\nThe ISA certification test is available in English or Spanish. When you sign up for the exam, indicate which language you want to take the test in.\\nYou may also take ISA certification exams at any Pearson VUE center. Search for a VUE center in your area here:http://www.pearsonvue.com/isa/locate/\\n2-5. Pay the exam fee to register for the test.\\nIf you are currently an ISA member, the fee is $170 USD. If you aren't, you'll need to pay $280 USD to take the test. In addition to the exam fee, you will also need to pay a $125 USD fee if you choose to take the exam on a computer.\\n2-6. Use the official ISA study guide to prepare for the test.\\nThe ISA's Arborist's Certification Study Guide functions as the official study guide for the exam. You can purchase it online at the ISA's website or at your local ISA chapter.\\nThe official ISA website sells their official study guide online here: http://www.isa-arbor.com/store/product.aspx?ProductID=7\\nSome ISA chapters offer prep classes to help applicants study for the exam. Contact your ISA chapters to see if any courses are available in your area.\\n3. Taking the Exam\\n3-1. Dress appropriately to your exam.\\nThe ISA suggests that you dress comfortably so you don't feel distracted while taking the test. Dress in layers so you can add or remove clothing depending on the room's temperature.\\nDo not bring any digital accessories, like cell phones or watches, into the exam room.\\n3-2. Arrive at the testing center at least 30 minutes before the exam will start.\\nThe exam will begin promptly at the scheduled time. Getting to the testing center a half an hour early will ensure that you have time to sign in.\\nDo not bring any study guides or reference material to the testing center.\\nFood and drinks are not allowed in the testing center, nor is smoking.\\n3-3. Provide 2 forms of identification to the exam host.\\nOne form of identification must be a state-issued photo ID, like a driver's license or passport. The other must be an identification card displaying your signature.\\n3-4. Listen carefully to the exam administrator as you take the test.\\nAs they read through the exam instructions, pay attention and ask any relevant questions. When the test starts, read through and follow all of the listed directions.\\nYou may take bathroom breaks during the test, but the time taken will count against your time limit.\\n3-5. Wait for your score to determine whether you've passed the exam.\\nIf you're taking a computer-based exam, you will be able to see your results immediately. If not, you will need to wait up to 6 weeks after your exam date to see your score. Log into your ISA application account to see your formal score results.\\nYou must receive at least a 76% to past the test.\\nIf you don't pass the exam, you can retake the test once for free. After that, you may pay $75 USD per retake for up to one year after taking the initial test.\\n3-6. Pursue specialized certification as desired.\\nAfter you become an ISA certified arborist, you may take further exams to receive specializations. Apply and register via the ISA website to take any of the specialization exams, as they are scheduled and taken in the same way as an ISA certified arborist exam. \\nYou may take specializations in municipal arboriculture, utility vegetation management, tree worker climbing, and aerial list specialization. You can also take a test to become an ISA-certified master arborist.\\nWarnings\\nBe honest while taking the exam. The ISA reserves the right to deny or revoke the certification of any arborists who falsify information on their application, violate testing procedures, or misrepresent their identity.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) offers the most respected certification exam for arborists. Becoming certified with the ISA can broaden your job opportunities and potentially increase your salary. Studying for the ISA certification test can seem overwhelming, but if you familiarize yourself with the test material, you'll be well-prepared With dedication and the right qualifications, you can easily take and pass the ISA certification.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming Eligible for Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain at least 3 years of experience in arboriculture before applying.\", \"描述\": \"Jobs that involve pruning, fertilization, or diagnosis and treatment of diseases in trees all count as relevant experience. If you're unsure whether your experience is relevant, contact the ISA for more information.\\nSome examples of relevant careers include working for tree care companies, nurseries, landscape companies, state forestry agencies, and academic arboriculture/horticulture departments.\\nVolunteer experience involving trees may count if your work was supervised and can be documented.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather documentation of your work experience.\", \"描述\": \"These documents will be submitted with your ISA certification application. You might, for example, gather letter(s) of reference from your current and former employers, payroll stubs from your current job, CPR or First Aid certifications, business licenses, work invoices, or contracts between yourself and former clients.\\nHow much documentation you need depends on how much work experience you have. You should be able to provide documentation for each job you list on your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain 3 letters of reference if you are self-employed.\", \"描述\": \"If you're an arborist who does freelance work or owns their own company, ask your former clients for letters of reference. Submit these 3 letters with your application as validation of your self-employment experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pursue a degree in arboriculture as relevant experience (optional).\", \"描述\": \"An associate degree in arboriculture coupled with 2 years of experience, or a bachelor degree in arboriculture and 1 year of experience, both fulfill the 3 years of relevant experience required.\\nIf you've earned your degree in arboriculture, include a copy of your degree in the application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing for the Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with the certification exam setup.\", \"描述\": \"Knowing the different sections of the ISA certification test will help you know what to study. Each exam includes a multiple-choice question with 200 questions and a written section. Questions on the exam may test any of the following topics:\\nSoil management\\nUrban forestry\\nTree identification and selection\\nSafe work practices\\nTree installation and establishment\\nTree biology\\nPruning\\nTree risk management\\nTree protection\\nTree diagnosis and treatment\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Submit your application via the ISA website.\", \"描述\": \"To take an ISA certification exam, you must first submit an application online. If you are considered qualified, you will be approved to take the test.\\nInclude any work documentation, letters of recommendation, and request for special accommodations with your application as you submit it online.\\nYou may submit your application by making an account on the ISA website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wait for your application's confirmation packet.\", \"描述\": \"If you're deemed a qualified applicant, you will receive a confirmation packet containing the location, date, and time of the exam. You will also receive the name and information of the appropriate contact person if you have questions.\\nIt can take up to 6 weeks\\nIf you have not heard from the ISA after 6 weeks, contact your local chapter for information about your application.\\nIf you're taking a computer-based exam, you will receive instructions with how to schedule your exam. You will have a 90-day period to schedule and take your exam once your application is accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign up for a nearby ISA certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"You may take ISA exams at most ISA chapter locations. Check your local ISA's website or contact them online to find out when the next certification exam is being offered in your area.\\nThe ISA certification test is available in English or Spanish. When you sign up for the exam, indicate which language you want to take the test in.\\nYou may also take ISA certification exams at any Pearson VUE center. Search for a VUE center in your area here:http://www.pearsonvue.com/isa/locate/\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pay the exam fee to register for the test.\", \"描述\": \"If you are currently an ISA member, the fee is $170 USD. If you aren't, you'll need to pay $280 USD to take the test. In addition to the exam fee, you will also need to pay a $125 USD fee if you choose to take the exam on a computer.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use the official ISA study guide to prepare for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The ISA's Arborist's Certification Study Guide functions as the official study guide for the exam. You can purchase it online at the ISA's website or at your local ISA chapter.\\nThe official ISA website sells their official study guide online here: http://www.isa-arbor.com/store/product.aspx?ProductID=7\\nSome ISA chapters offer prep classes to help applicants study for the exam. Contact your ISA chapters to see if any courses are available in your area.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking the Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dress appropriately to your exam.\", \"描述\": \"The ISA suggests that you dress comfortably so you don't feel distracted while taking the test. Dress in layers so you can add or remove clothing depending on the room's temperature.\\nDo not bring any digital accessories, like cell phones or watches, into the exam room.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Arrive at the testing center at least 30 minutes before the exam will start.\", \"描述\": \"The exam will begin promptly at the scheduled time. Getting to the testing center a half an hour early will ensure that you have time to sign in.\\nDo not bring any study guides or reference material to the testing center.\\nFood and drinks are not allowed in the testing center, nor is smoking.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Provide 2 forms of identification to the exam host.\", \"描述\": \"One form of identification must be a state-issued photo ID, like a driver's license or passport. The other must be an identification card displaying your signature.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Listen carefully to the exam administrator as you take the test.\", \"描述\": \"As they read through the exam instructions, pay attention and ask any relevant questions. When the test starts, read through and follow all of the listed directions.\\nYou may take bathroom breaks during the test, but the time taken will count against your time limit.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait for your score to determine whether you've passed the exam.\", \"描述\": \"If you're taking a computer-based exam, you will be able to see your results immediately. If not, you will need to wait up to 6 weeks after your exam date to see your score. Log into your ISA application account to see your formal score results.\\nYou must receive at least a 76% to past the test.\\nIf you don't pass the exam, you can retake the test once for free. After that, you may pay $75 USD per retake for up to one year after taking the initial test.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pursue specialized certification as desired.\", \"描述\": \"After you become an ISA certified arborist, you may take further exams to receive specializations. Apply and register via the ISA website to take any of the specialization exams, as they are scheduled and taken in the same way as an ISA certified arborist exam. \\nYou may take specializations in municipal arboriculture, utility vegetation management, tree worker climbing, and aerial list specialization. You can also take a test to become an ISA-certified master arborist.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Be honest while taking the exam. The ISA reserves the right to deny or revoke the certification of any arborists who falsify information on their application, violate testing procedures, or misrepresent their identity.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,010 |
How to Become an Icelandic Citizen
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1. Applying for Residence in Iceland
1-1. Register with Registry Iceland if you are an EU/EEA citizen.
As the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you have a right to residence in Iceland, provided you are capable of supporting yourself financially. You can stay in Iceland for up to 6 months without registering if you are actively seeking employment.
Once you register, visit the Directorate of Immigration's office to be photographed for your residence card. EU/EEA citizens do not have to complete any other steps to become legal residents of Iceland.
This right to residence is available to anyone who is a citizen of Spain, the UK, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, or Slovenia.
1-2. Confirm you are eligible for residence.
If you intend to stay in Iceland permanently (and ultimately, become a citizen), make sure you choose a residence permit that can serve as the basis for a permanent residence permit. These types of permits include student, humanitarian, family reunification, and work requiring expert knowledge permits.
All applicants must meet the basic requirements for residence, including proof of identity, proof of health insurance, a place of residence in Iceland, and the ability to support yourself financially.
The specific eligibility requirements for legal residence in Iceland depend on the type of residence permit you're seeking. To evaluate the criteria for different categories, visit https://utl.is/index.php/en/residence-permits.
1-3. Complete your application for residence.
Application forms are available for download from the website of the Directorate of Immigration, at https://utl.is/index.php/en/about-directorate-of-immigration/forms. You can also get a paper application from the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.
The form requires you to provide information about your identity, citizenship, education, work experience, as well as your personal and criminal background. Answer all questions completely and honestly.
1-4. Gather documents to support your application.
Most of the statements you make in your application for residence must be backed up by official documentation. A checklist of required documents accompanies each application.
Don't delay in gathering these documents. Some must be certified copies, and may take longer for you to get.
Documents not in English or a Scandinavian language must be translated by an authorized translator. Submit the certified translation along with the document in its original form.
1-5. Pay for your application.
As of 2022, the processing fee for a residence application is 15,000 kr. Your payment must be made before you submit your application. Include your payment receipt with your application for residence.
The Directorate of Immigration only accepts direct transfer to its bank account as a method of payment. Transfer funds to account number 0515-26-410424 in the Central Bank of Iceland, Íslandsbanki hf. Kopavogur, Iceland. The ID number for the Immigration Service is 670269-6399. Include your name and date of birth in the information when submitting the payment.
1-6. Submit your application for residence before you move to Iceland.
Unless you are the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you must have your residence visa before you can live in Iceland. If you are already in Iceland when you submit your application (for example, as a tourist), you may have to leave the country until your application is approved.
If you are the spouse or dependent of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you may remain in Iceland while your residence application is processed.
1-7. Wait for your application to be processed.
It may take up to 180 days for your application to be processed by the Directorate, from the date your application is submitted with complete payment. The Directorate will notify you if any necessary documents are missing or incomplete.
You can request expedited processing in writing. However, expedited processing is typically only granted for exceptional circumstances, such as a natural disaster or serious illness of a family member.
If you receive a request for additional documentation, supply it by the deadline noted on the letter. Failure to supply requested documentation by this deadline will result in rejection of your application.
Provided you meet the requirements for a residence permit, it will be granted. If you need a visa to enter Iceland, the visa request will be sent to the Icelandic embassy nearest you.
1-8. Go to the office of the Directorate of Immigration.
Within 2 weeks of your arrival in Iceland, visit the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík to be photographed for your residence permit. You must also provide notification of your residence in Iceland and submit to a medical examination.
If you fail to make this visit within 90 days of your arrival in Iceland, your residence permit will not be issued and you may be subject to deportation.
Your residence permit card will be mailed to you at the address on file within 10 days.
1-9. Renew your permit at least 4 weeks before it expires.
If you plan to apply for Icelandic citizenship, you must have continuous residence in the country. If you file your renewal application at least 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you ensure that your residence will be considered continuous.
By submitting your renewal application 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you are protected even in the event that your application is not processed in time. You may continue to stay in the country until processing is complete. Otherwise, you would have to leave the country and your renewal would be treated as a first application.
2. Applying for Permanent Residence
2-1. Live in Iceland for 4 years.
Generally, you must live in Iceland for at least 4 years under a temporary residence permit before you can apply for permanent residence. If you are the spouse of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you can apply for permanent residence after living in Iceland for 3 years.
If you have a student resident permit, you only have to live in Iceland for 2 years before you can apply for permanent residence. You must meet all other qualifications for permanent residence.
Your stay in Iceland must be consecutive. While short visits abroad are permitted, if you stay outside of Iceland for more than 90 days during your "stay period," it will not be considered consecutive.
2-2. Attend approved courses in Icelandic.
Even though most people in Iceland speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country you must take at least 150 hours of Icelandic language courses. You also have the option of studying Icelandic on your own and taking a status test to demonstrate you have a basic understanding of the language.
Approved courses are available through the Mími Lifelong Learning Center. Visit the center's website for more information about the courses, or to sign up.
You must attend at least 85 percent of all courses you register for to count those courses towards your required 150 hours.
2-3. Complete your application for permanent residence.
The application for permanent residence requires you to provide information about your stay in Iceland and any trips you made abroad, as well as personal, educational, and financial information.
A copy of the application for permanent residence is available at https://utl.is/images/Eydublod-2017/D-200-Otimabundid-dvl-EN-19.pdf, or you can pick up a paper copy at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.
2-4. Gather original documents to support your application.
Along with your signed application, include certified or confirmed employment contracts, tax return forms, language course certificates, and a photocopy of your passport. Your passport must be valid for at least 90 days beyond the expiration date of your current residence permit.
You may also include other documents that prove you have secure financial support, including bank statements or pay stubs.
2-5. Submit your application packet to the Directorate of Immigration.
Take your application in person to the desk at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík. Applications are also accepted at offices of district commissioners outside the Reykjavík metropolitan area. Bring a receipt for payment of your processing fee.
The fees for a permanent residence application are the same as those for a temporary residence permit.
You must submit your application for permanent residence at least 4 weeks before your current residence permit expires. If your residence permit expires before your permanent residence application is approved, you can remain in the country provided you submitted your application on time. Otherwise, your stay will not be considered continuous and you will have to start the whole process over.
2-6. Receive your permanent residence permit.
It may take as long as 90 days for your application to be processed, provided you've completed your application and included all necessary supporting documents.
If documents are missing or incomplete, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter requesting them. Submit the requested documents as soon as possible to avoid extended delays.
3. Meeting Citizenship Requirements
3-1. Live in Iceland as a legal resident for 7 years.
Generally, you must maintain continuous residency for at least 7 years before you are eligible to become a citizen of Iceland. If you leave Iceland for more than 90 days, you may destroy the continuous nature of your residency and have to start over.
If you are a Nordic citizen (a citizen of Denmark, Norway, or Sweden), you only need to live in Iceland for 4 years.
If you are married to an Icelandic national, you only need to live in Iceland for 3 years before you can apply for citizenship.
Even if you're eligible to apply for citizenship after fewer than 7 years, your residence in Iceland must be continuous.
3-2. Maintain steady employment in Iceland.
To become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to prove that you are capable of supporting yourself financially. If you have received a support grant of assistance from a local government authority in the past 3 years, you are not eligible for citizenship.
Generally, a steady job demonstrates that you are capable of supporting yourself. If you are unable to work because of a disability or serious medical condition, you must be able to prove that you can rely on family members for support.
If you are married to an Icelandic national who is the primary supporter for your family, you must be able to show that neither of you have received government support grants.
3-3. Stay out of debt.
You must be able to demonstrate that you are financially responsible and are able to support yourself, both now and in the future. If you owe back taxes, or if you have filed for bankruptcy, you are not eligible to become a citizen of Iceland.
Likewise, your application for citizenship may be refused if you have substantial debt, are over-extended in terms of financial obligations, or have missed payments on debt.
3-4. Study the Icelandic language.
If you want to become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to demonstrate that you are proficient in the national language. At least 240 hours of Icelandic study is required before you can apply for citizenship.
For more information on Icelandic language courses approved by the Directorate of Immigration, visit the Mími Lifelong Learning website.
In addition to the language itself, these courses also cover Icelandic government, Icelandic society, and cultural traditions.
4. Becoming a Citizen
4-1. Prove your identity.
Along with your application for citizenship, you must include documents that provide satisfactory evidence of your identity. Typically, you will need your passport and a certified copy of your birth certificate.
If your birth certificate is in a language other than English or another Nordic language, you will need a certified translation by an authorized translator along with the original copy.
You may be able to provide a copy of a government-issued identity card instead of your passport.
4-2. Gather tax returns and financial documents.
Along with your application for citizenship, you must provide tax returns for the last 3 years you've lived in Iceland. You also need certificates from every municipality you've lived in for the past 3 years, stating that you have not received any public grants of support.
To be eligible for citizenship, you must be able to show that you make at least 180,550 kr. in a month. For couples, the 2 of you together must make at least 270,825 kr. in a month. These amounts are accurate as of 2018, but are based on the minimum wage ratio and may change. Check the website of the Directorate of Immigration for the most up-to-date numbers.
Iceland will not grant citizenship if you have filed for bankruptcy within the 3 years preceding your application.
4-3. Obtain reference letters from 2 Icelandic citizens.
Request letters recommending you for citizenship from Icelandic citizens in good standing. Generally, neither of these letters should be from your spouse or a member of your family.
The letters will testify as to your work ethic, good character, and good reputation as a member of the community.
Choose individuals, such as your supervisor at work, who are familiar with you professionally and personally.
4-4. Submit a criminal background check.
Generally, you cannot become a citizen of Iceland if you have been convicted of an act that would constitute a crime under Icelandic law. There are exceptions for minor offenses, provided the requisite interval of time has passed since the completion of your sentence or payment of your fine.
If an offense is repeated, the interval period no longer applies. If you commit the same crime more than once, you are not eligible for Icelandic citizenship.
4-5. Pass the Icelandic language test.
Icelandic language tests are given twice a year by the Educational Institute in Reykjavík. To become a citizen, you must complete the test and present a certificate stating that you have passed the test and meet the requirements for Icelandic proficiency.
For more information on the Icelandic language test for Icelandic citizenship, visit the Educational Institute website at https://mms.is/islenskuprof-vegna-rikisborgararettar.
The test includes reading, writing, speech, and listening comprehension. Generally, you should be able to understand and engage in simple conversations about everyday life.
The Icelandic language test also includes questions on basic customs in Icelandic society.
You may qualify for an exemption from the language test if you are over the age of 65, or if you cannot take the test because of a serious mental or physical disability or condition.
4-6. Complete your application for citizenship.
There are different citizenship applications, depending on the basis of your application. You can download the correct application form, along with instructions and a checklist of supporting documents, from the website of the Directorate of Immigration. You can also pick up paper copies at the office in Reykjavík.
Applications for citizenship are available at https://utl.is/index.php/um-utlendingastofnun/eydhubloedh. Citizenship applications are only available in Icelandic.
Along with your application, include payment of the 25,000 kr. (as of 2018) processing fee. If payment is not made within 90 days of the date your application is submitted, it will be denied.
4-7. Await approval from the immigration minister.
The immigration minister makes a decision on any request for Icelandic citizenship. Processing will not begin until the Directorate of Immigration has received a complete and paid application, along with all required supporting documents.
The average processing time for a citizenship application is 6 to 8 months. During processing, if you have not submitted sufficient supporting documentation, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter in the mail requesting the missing documents.
4-8. Apply to parliament if the minister rejects your application.
If your application for citizenship was denied by the Immigration Service, you can submit it to parliament and request citizenship be granted to you by law. These applications are heard twice a year. The deadlines are March 1 (for the spring session) and October 1 (for the autumn session).
When sending your application to parliament, you must pay an additional handling fee of 25,000 kr. (as of 2018).
If the parliament refuses to grant citizenship, you may appeal to the Ministry of Justice.
Tips
You don't necessarily have to renounce citizenship in your home country to become an Icelandic citizen. Iceland recognizes dual citizenship, provided it is allowed by your home country.[31]
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Research source
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying for Residence in Iceland\\n1-1. Register with Registry Iceland if you are an EU/EEA citizen.\\nAs the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you have a right to residence in Iceland, provided you are capable of supporting yourself financially. You can stay in Iceland for up to 6 months without registering if you are actively seeking employment.\\nOnce you register, visit the Directorate of Immigration's office to be photographed for your residence card. EU/EEA citizens do not have to complete any other steps to become legal residents of Iceland.\\nThis right to residence is available to anyone who is a citizen of Spain, the UK, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, or Slovenia.\\n1-2. Confirm you are eligible for residence.\\nIf you intend to stay in Iceland permanently (and ultimately, become a citizen), make sure you choose a residence permit that can serve as the basis for a permanent residence permit. These types of permits include student, humanitarian, family reunification, and work requiring expert knowledge permits.\\nAll applicants must meet the basic requirements for residence, including proof of identity, proof of health insurance, a place of residence in Iceland, and the ability to support yourself financially.\\nThe specific eligibility requirements for legal residence in Iceland depend on the type of residence permit you're seeking. To evaluate the criteria for different categories, visit https://utl.is/index.php/en/residence-permits.\\n1-3. Complete your application for residence.\\nApplication forms are available for download from the website of the Directorate of Immigration, at https://utl.is/index.php/en/about-directorate-of-immigration/forms. You can also get a paper application from the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.\\nThe form requires you to provide information about your identity, citizenship, education, work experience, as well as your personal and criminal background. Answer all questions completely and honestly.\\n1-4. Gather documents to support your application.\\nMost of the statements you make in your application for residence must be backed up by official documentation. A checklist of required documents accompanies each application.\\nDon't delay in gathering these documents. Some must be certified copies, and may take longer for you to get.\\nDocuments not in English or a Scandinavian language must be translated by an authorized translator. Submit the certified translation along with the document in its original form.\\n1-5. Pay for your application.\\nAs of 2022, the processing fee for a residence application is 15,000 kr. Your payment must be made before you submit your application. Include your payment receipt with your application for residence.\\nThe Directorate of Immigration only accepts direct transfer to its bank account as a method of payment. Transfer funds to account number 0515-26-410424 in the Central Bank of Iceland, Íslandsbanki hf. Kopavogur, Iceland. The ID number for the Immigration Service is 670269-6399. Include your name and date of birth in the information when submitting the payment.\\n1-6. Submit your application for residence before you move to Iceland.\\nUnless you are the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you must have your residence visa before you can live in Iceland. If you are already in Iceland when you submit your application (for example, as a tourist), you may have to leave the country until your application is approved.\\nIf you are the spouse or dependent of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you may remain in Iceland while your residence application is processed.\\n1-7. Wait for your application to be processed.\\nIt may take up to 180 days for your application to be processed by the Directorate, from the date your application is submitted with complete payment. The Directorate will notify you if any necessary documents are missing or incomplete.\\nYou can request expedited processing in writing. However, expedited processing is typically only granted for exceptional circumstances, such as a natural disaster or serious illness of a family member.\\nIf you receive a request for additional documentation, supply it by the deadline noted on the letter. Failure to supply requested documentation by this deadline will result in rejection of your application.\\nProvided you meet the requirements for a residence permit, it will be granted. If you need a visa to enter Iceland, the visa request will be sent to the Icelandic embassy nearest you.\\n1-8. Go to the office of the Directorate of Immigration.\\nWithin 2 weeks of your arrival in Iceland, visit the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík to be photographed for your residence permit. You must also provide notification of your residence in Iceland and submit to a medical examination.\\nIf you fail to make this visit within 90 days of your arrival in Iceland, your residence permit will not be issued and you may be subject to deportation.\\nYour residence permit card will be mailed to you at the address on file within 10 days.\\n1-9. Renew your permit at least 4 weeks before it expires.\\nIf you plan to apply for Icelandic citizenship, you must have continuous residence in the country. If you file your renewal application at least 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you ensure that your residence will be considered continuous.\\nBy submitting your renewal application 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you are protected even in the event that your application is not processed in time. You may continue to stay in the country until processing is complete. Otherwise, you would have to leave the country and your renewal would be treated as a first application.\\n2. Applying for Permanent Residence\\n2-1. Live in Iceland for 4 years.\\nGenerally, you must live in Iceland for at least 4 years under a temporary residence permit before you can apply for permanent residence. If you are the spouse of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you can apply for permanent residence after living in Iceland for 3 years.\\nIf you have a student resident permit, you only have to live in Iceland for 2 years before you can apply for permanent residence. You must meet all other qualifications for permanent residence.\\nYour stay in Iceland must be consecutive. While short visits abroad are permitted, if you stay outside of Iceland for more than 90 days during your \\\"stay period,\\\" it will not be considered consecutive.\\n2-2. Attend approved courses in Icelandic.\\nEven though most people in Iceland speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country you must take at least 150 hours of Icelandic language courses. You also have the option of studying Icelandic on your own and taking a status test to demonstrate you have a basic understanding of the language.\\nApproved courses are available through the Mími Lifelong Learning Center. Visit the center's website for more information about the courses, or to sign up.\\nYou must attend at least 85 percent of all courses you register for to count those courses towards your required 150 hours.\\n2-3. Complete your application for permanent residence.\\nThe application for permanent residence requires you to provide information about your stay in Iceland and any trips you made abroad, as well as personal, educational, and financial information.\\nA copy of the application for permanent residence is available at https://utl.is/images/Eydublod-2017/D-200-Otimabundid-dvl-EN-19.pdf, or you can pick up a paper copy at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.\\n2-4. Gather original documents to support your application.\\nAlong with your signed application, include certified or confirmed employment contracts, tax return forms, language course certificates, and a photocopy of your passport. Your passport must be valid for at least 90 days beyond the expiration date of your current residence permit.\\nYou may also include other documents that prove you have secure financial support, including bank statements or pay stubs.\\n2-5. Submit your application packet to the Directorate of Immigration.\\nTake your application in person to the desk at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík. Applications are also accepted at offices of district commissioners outside the Reykjavík metropolitan area. Bring a receipt for payment of your processing fee.\\nThe fees for a permanent residence application are the same as those for a temporary residence permit.\\nYou must submit your application for permanent residence at least 4 weeks before your current residence permit expires. If your residence permit expires before your permanent residence application is approved, you can remain in the country provided you submitted your application on time. Otherwise, your stay will not be considered continuous and you will have to start the whole process over.\\n2-6. Receive your permanent residence permit.\\nIt may take as long as 90 days for your application to be processed, provided you've completed your application and included all necessary supporting documents.\\nIf documents are missing or incomplete, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter requesting them. Submit the requested documents as soon as possible to avoid extended delays.\\n3. Meeting Citizenship Requirements\\n3-1. Live in Iceland as a legal resident for 7 years.\\nGenerally, you must maintain continuous residency for at least 7 years before you are eligible to become a citizen of Iceland. If you leave Iceland for more than 90 days, you may destroy the continuous nature of your residency and have to start over.\\nIf you are a Nordic citizen (a citizen of Denmark, Norway, or Sweden), you only need to live in Iceland for 4 years.\\nIf you are married to an Icelandic national, you only need to live in Iceland for 3 years before you can apply for citizenship.\\nEven if you're eligible to apply for citizenship after fewer than 7 years, your residence in Iceland must be continuous.\\n3-2. Maintain steady employment in Iceland.\\nTo become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to prove that you are capable of supporting yourself financially. If you have received a support grant of assistance from a local government authority in the past 3 years, you are not eligible for citizenship.\\nGenerally, a steady job demonstrates that you are capable of supporting yourself. If you are unable to work because of a disability or serious medical condition, you must be able to prove that you can rely on family members for support.\\nIf you are married to an Icelandic national who is the primary supporter for your family, you must be able to show that neither of you have received government support grants.\\n3-3. Stay out of debt.\\nYou must be able to demonstrate that you are financially responsible and are able to support yourself, both now and in the future. If you owe back taxes, or if you have filed for bankruptcy, you are not eligible to become a citizen of Iceland.\\nLikewise, your application for citizenship may be refused if you have substantial debt, are over-extended in terms of financial obligations, or have missed payments on debt.\\n3-4. Study the Icelandic language.\\nIf you want to become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to demonstrate that you are proficient in the national language. At least 240 hours of Icelandic study is required before you can apply for citizenship.\\nFor more information on Icelandic language courses approved by the Directorate of Immigration, visit the Mími Lifelong Learning website.\\nIn addition to the language itself, these courses also cover Icelandic government, Icelandic society, and cultural traditions.\\n4. Becoming a Citizen\\n4-1. Prove your identity.\\nAlong with your application for citizenship, you must include documents that provide satisfactory evidence of your identity. Typically, you will need your passport and a certified copy of your birth certificate.\\nIf your birth certificate is in a language other than English or another Nordic language, you will need a certified translation by an authorized translator along with the original copy.\\nYou may be able to provide a copy of a government-issued identity card instead of your passport.\\n4-2. Gather tax returns and financial documents.\\nAlong with your application for citizenship, you must provide tax returns for the last 3 years you've lived in Iceland. You also need certificates from every municipality you've lived in for the past 3 years, stating that you have not received any public grants of support.\\nTo be eligible for citizenship, you must be able to show that you make at least 180,550 kr. in a month. For couples, the 2 of you together must make at least 270,825 kr. in a month. These amounts are accurate as of 2018, but are based on the minimum wage ratio and may change. Check the website of the Directorate of Immigration for the most up-to-date numbers.\\nIceland will not grant citizenship if you have filed for bankruptcy within the 3 years preceding your application.\\n4-3. Obtain reference letters from 2 Icelandic citizens.\\nRequest letters recommending you for citizenship from Icelandic citizens in good standing. Generally, neither of these letters should be from your spouse or a member of your family.\\nThe letters will testify as to your work ethic, good character, and good reputation as a member of the community.\\nChoose individuals, such as your supervisor at work, who are familiar with you professionally and personally.\\n4-4. Submit a criminal background check.\\nGenerally, you cannot become a citizen of Iceland if you have been convicted of an act that would constitute a crime under Icelandic law. There are exceptions for minor offenses, provided the requisite interval of time has passed since the completion of your sentence or payment of your fine.\\nIf an offense is repeated, the interval period no longer applies. If you commit the same crime more than once, you are not eligible for Icelandic citizenship.\\n4-5. Pass the Icelandic language test.\\nIcelandic language tests are given twice a year by the Educational Institute in Reykjavík. To become a citizen, you must complete the test and present a certificate stating that you have passed the test and meet the requirements for Icelandic proficiency.\\nFor more information on the Icelandic language test for Icelandic citizenship, visit the Educational Institute website at https://mms.is/islenskuprof-vegna-rikisborgararettar.\\nThe test includes reading, writing, speech, and listening comprehension. Generally, you should be able to understand and engage in simple conversations about everyday life.\\nThe Icelandic language test also includes questions on basic customs in Icelandic society.\\nYou may qualify for an exemption from the language test if you are over the age of 65, or if you cannot take the test because of a serious mental or physical disability or condition.\\n4-6. Complete your application for citizenship.\\nThere are different citizenship applications, depending on the basis of your application. You can download the correct application form, along with instructions and a checklist of supporting documents, from the website of the Directorate of Immigration. You can also pick up paper copies at the office in Reykjavík.\\nApplications for citizenship are available at https://utl.is/index.php/um-utlendingastofnun/eydhubloedh. Citizenship applications are only available in Icelandic.\\nAlong with your application, include payment of the 25,000 kr. (as of 2018) processing fee. If payment is not made within 90 days of the date your application is submitted, it will be denied.\\n4-7. Await approval from the immigration minister.\\nThe immigration minister makes a decision on any request for Icelandic citizenship. Processing will not begin until the Directorate of Immigration has received a complete and paid application, along with all required supporting documents.\\nThe average processing time for a citizenship application is 6 to 8 months. During processing, if you have not submitted sufficient supporting documentation, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter in the mail requesting the missing documents.\\n4-8. Apply to parliament if the minister rejects your application.\\nIf your application for citizenship was denied by the Immigration Service, you can submit it to parliament and request citizenship be granted to you by law. These applications are heard twice a year. The deadlines are March 1 (for the spring session) and October 1 (for the autumn session).\\nWhen sending your application to parliament, you must pay an additional handling fee of 25,000 kr. (as of 2018).\\nIf the parliament refuses to grant citizenship, you may appeal to the Ministry of Justice.\\nTips\\nYou don't necessarily have to renounce citizenship in your home country to become an Icelandic citizen. Iceland recognizes dual citizenship, provided it is allowed by your home country.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If either of your biological or adoptive parents are Icelandic citizens, you can claim Icelandic citizenship as your birthright under the Icelandic Nationality Act. If you can't claim Icelandic citizenship by birth, you generally must live in Iceland as a legal resident first. To be eligible for citizenship, you must prove, among other things, that you can support yourself and that you are proficient in Icelandic.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying for Residence in Iceland\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register with Registry Iceland if you are an EU/EEA citizen.\", \"描述\": \"As the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you have a right to residence in Iceland, provided you are capable of supporting yourself financially. You can stay in Iceland for up to 6 months without registering if you are actively seeking employment.\\nOnce you register, visit the Directorate of Immigration's office to be photographed for your residence card. EU/EEA citizens do not have to complete any other steps to become legal residents of Iceland.\\nThis right to residence is available to anyone who is a citizen of Spain, the UK, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, or Slovenia.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Confirm you are eligible for residence.\", \"描述\": \"If you intend to stay in Iceland permanently (and ultimately, become a citizen), make sure you choose a residence permit that can serve as the basis for a permanent residence permit. These types of permits include student, humanitarian, family reunification, and work requiring expert knowledge permits.\\nAll applicants must meet the basic requirements for residence, including proof of identity, proof of health insurance, a place of residence in Iceland, and the ability to support yourself financially.\\nThe specific eligibility requirements for legal residence in Iceland depend on the type of residence permit you're seeking. To evaluate the criteria for different categories, visit https://utl.is/index.php/en/residence-permits.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your application for residence.\", \"描述\": \"Application forms are available for download from the website of the Directorate of Immigration, at https://utl.is/index.php/en/about-directorate-of-immigration/forms. You can also get a paper application from the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.\\nThe form requires you to provide information about your identity, citizenship, education, work experience, as well as your personal and criminal background. Answer all questions completely and honestly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gather documents to support your application.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the statements you make in your application for residence must be backed up by official documentation. A checklist of required documents accompanies each application.\\nDon't delay in gathering these documents. Some must be certified copies, and may take longer for you to get.\\nDocuments not in English or a Scandinavian language must be translated by an authorized translator. Submit the certified translation along with the document in its original form.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pay for your application.\", \"描述\": \"As of 2022, the processing fee for a residence application is 15,000 kr. Your payment must be made before you submit your application. Include your payment receipt with your application for residence.\\nThe Directorate of Immigration only accepts direct transfer to its bank account as a method of payment. Transfer funds to account number 0515-26-410424 in the Central Bank of Iceland, Íslandsbanki hf. Kopavogur, Iceland. The ID number for the Immigration Service is 670269-6399. Include your name and date of birth in the information when submitting the payment.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Submit your application for residence before you move to Iceland.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you are the citizen of an EU/EEA member country, you must have your residence visa before you can live in Iceland. If you are already in Iceland when you submit your application (for example, as a tourist), you may have to leave the country until your application is approved.\\nIf you are the spouse or dependent of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you may remain in Iceland while your residence application is processed.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Wait for your application to be processed.\", \"描述\": \"It may take up to 180 days for your application to be processed by the Directorate, from the date your application is submitted with complete payment. The Directorate will notify you if any necessary documents are missing or incomplete.\\nYou can request expedited processing in writing. However, expedited processing is typically only granted for exceptional circumstances, such as a natural disaster or serious illness of a family member.\\nIf you receive a request for additional documentation, supply it by the deadline noted on the letter. Failure to supply requested documentation by this deadline will result in rejection of your application.\\nProvided you meet the requirements for a residence permit, it will be granted. If you need a visa to enter Iceland, the visa request will be sent to the Icelandic embassy nearest you.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Go to the office of the Directorate of Immigration.\", \"描述\": \"Within 2 weeks of your arrival in Iceland, visit the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík to be photographed for your residence permit. You must also provide notification of your residence in Iceland and submit to a medical examination.\\nIf you fail to make this visit within 90 days of your arrival in Iceland, your residence permit will not be issued and you may be subject to deportation.\\nYour residence permit card will be mailed to you at the address on file within 10 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Renew your permit at least 4 weeks before it expires.\", \"描述\": \"If you plan to apply for Icelandic citizenship, you must have continuous residence in the country. If you file your renewal application at least 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you ensure that your residence will be considered continuous.\\nBy submitting your renewal application 4 weeks before your previous permit expires, you are protected even in the event that your application is not processed in time. You may continue to stay in the country until processing is complete. Otherwise, you would have to leave the country and your renewal would be treated as a first application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Permanent Residence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live in Iceland for 4 years.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, you must live in Iceland for at least 4 years under a temporary residence permit before you can apply for permanent residence. If you are the spouse of an Icelandic citizen or permanent resident, you can apply for permanent residence after living in Iceland for 3 years.\\nIf you have a student resident permit, you only have to live in Iceland for 2 years before you can apply for permanent residence. You must meet all other qualifications for permanent residence.\\nYour stay in Iceland must be consecutive. While short visits abroad are permitted, if you stay outside of Iceland for more than 90 days during your \\\"stay period,\\\" it will not be considered consecutive.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend approved courses in Icelandic.\", \"描述\": \"Even though most people in Iceland speak English, if you want to become a permanent resident of the country you must take at least 150 hours of Icelandic language courses. You also have the option of studying Icelandic on your own and taking a status test to demonstrate you have a basic understanding of the language.\\nApproved courses are available through the Mími Lifelong Learning Center. Visit the center's website for more information about the courses, or to sign up.\\nYou must attend at least 85 percent of all courses you register for to count those courses towards your required 150 hours.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete your application for permanent residence.\", \"描述\": \"The application for permanent residence requires you to provide information about your stay in Iceland and any trips you made abroad, as well as personal, educational, and financial information.\\nA copy of the application for permanent residence is available at https://utl.is/images/Eydublod-2017/D-200-Otimabundid-dvl-EN-19.pdf, or you can pick up a paper copy at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gather original documents to support your application.\", \"描述\": \"Along with your signed application, include certified or confirmed employment contracts, tax return forms, language course certificates, and a photocopy of your passport. Your passport must be valid for at least 90 days beyond the expiration date of your current residence permit.\\nYou may also include other documents that prove you have secure financial support, including bank statements or pay stubs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit your application packet to the Directorate of Immigration.\", \"描述\": \"Take your application in person to the desk at the office of the Directorate of Immigration in Reykjavík. Applications are also accepted at offices of district commissioners outside the Reykjavík metropolitan area. Bring a receipt for payment of your processing fee.\\nThe fees for a permanent residence application are the same as those for a temporary residence permit.\\nYou must submit your application for permanent residence at least 4 weeks before your current residence permit expires. If your residence permit expires before your permanent residence application is approved, you can remain in the country provided you submitted your application on time. Otherwise, your stay will not be considered continuous and you will have to start the whole process over.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Receive your permanent residence permit.\", \"描述\": \"It may take as long as 90 days for your application to be processed, provided you've completed your application and included all necessary supporting documents.\\nIf documents are missing or incomplete, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter requesting them. Submit the requested documents as soon as possible to avoid extended delays.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meeting Citizenship Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live in Iceland as a legal resident for 7 years.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, you must maintain continuous residency for at least 7 years before you are eligible to become a citizen of Iceland. If you leave Iceland for more than 90 days, you may destroy the continuous nature of your residency and have to start over.\\nIf you are a Nordic citizen (a citizen of Denmark, Norway, or Sweden), you only need to live in Iceland for 4 years.\\nIf you are married to an Icelandic national, you only need to live in Iceland for 3 years before you can apply for citizenship.\\nEven if you're eligible to apply for citizenship after fewer than 7 years, your residence in Iceland must be continuous.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain steady employment in Iceland.\", \"描述\": \"To become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to prove that you are capable of supporting yourself financially. If you have received a support grant of assistance from a local government authority in the past 3 years, you are not eligible for citizenship.\\nGenerally, a steady job demonstrates that you are capable of supporting yourself. If you are unable to work because of a disability or serious medical condition, you must be able to prove that you can rely on family members for support.\\nIf you are married to an Icelandic national who is the primary supporter for your family, you must be able to show that neither of you have received government support grants.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay out of debt.\", \"描述\": \"You must be able to demonstrate that you are financially responsible and are able to support yourself, both now and in the future. If you owe back taxes, or if you have filed for bankruptcy, you are not eligible to become a citizen of Iceland.\\nLikewise, your application for citizenship may be refused if you have substantial debt, are over-extended in terms of financial obligations, or have missed payments on debt.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the Icelandic language.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to become a citizen of Iceland, you must be able to demonstrate that you are proficient in the national language. At least 240 hours of Icelandic study is required before you can apply for citizenship.\\nFor more information on Icelandic language courses approved by the Directorate of Immigration, visit the Mími Lifelong Learning website.\\nIn addition to the language itself, these courses also cover Icelandic government, Icelandic society, and cultural traditions.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Citizen\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prove your identity.\", \"描述\": \"Along with your application for citizenship, you must include documents that provide satisfactory evidence of your identity. Typically, you will need your passport and a certified copy of your birth certificate.\\nIf your birth certificate is in a language other than English or another Nordic language, you will need a certified translation by an authorized translator along with the original copy.\\nYou may be able to provide a copy of a government-issued identity card instead of your passport.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather tax returns and financial documents.\", \"描述\": \"Along with your application for citizenship, you must provide tax returns for the last 3 years you've lived in Iceland. You also need certificates from every municipality you've lived in for the past 3 years, stating that you have not received any public grants of support.\\nTo be eligible for citizenship, you must be able to show that you make at least 180,550 kr. in a month. For couples, the 2 of you together must make at least 270,825 kr. in a month. These amounts are accurate as of 2018, but are based on the minimum wage ratio and may change. Check the website of the Directorate of Immigration for the most up-to-date numbers.\\nIceland will not grant citizenship if you have filed for bankruptcy within the 3 years preceding your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain reference letters from 2 Icelandic citizens.\", \"描述\": \"Request letters recommending you for citizenship from Icelandic citizens in good standing. Generally, neither of these letters should be from your spouse or a member of your family.\\nThe letters will testify as to your work ethic, good character, and good reputation as a member of the community.\\nChoose individuals, such as your supervisor at work, who are familiar with you professionally and personally.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit a criminal background check.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, you cannot become a citizen of Iceland if you have been convicted of an act that would constitute a crime under Icelandic law. There are exceptions for minor offenses, provided the requisite interval of time has passed since the completion of your sentence or payment of your fine.\\nIf an offense is repeated, the interval period no longer applies. If you commit the same crime more than once, you are not eligible for Icelandic citizenship.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the Icelandic language test.\", \"描述\": \"Icelandic language tests are given twice a year by the Educational Institute in Reykjavík. To become a citizen, you must complete the test and present a certificate stating that you have passed the test and meet the requirements for Icelandic proficiency.\\nFor more information on the Icelandic language test for Icelandic citizenship, visit the Educational Institute website at https://mms.is/islenskuprof-vegna-rikisborgararettar.\\nThe test includes reading, writing, speech, and listening comprehension. Generally, you should be able to understand and engage in simple conversations about everyday life.\\nThe Icelandic language test also includes questions on basic customs in Icelandic society.\\nYou may qualify for an exemption from the language test if you are over the age of 65, or if you cannot take the test because of a serious mental or physical disability or condition.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete your application for citizenship.\", \"描述\": \"There are different citizenship applications, depending on the basis of your application. You can download the correct application form, along with instructions and a checklist of supporting documents, from the website of the Directorate of Immigration. You can also pick up paper copies at the office in Reykjavík.\\nApplications for citizenship are available at https://utl.is/index.php/um-utlendingastofnun/eydhubloedh. Citizenship applications are only available in Icelandic.\\nAlong with your application, include payment of the 25,000 kr. (as of 2018) processing fee. If payment is not made within 90 days of the date your application is submitted, it will be denied.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Await approval from the immigration minister.\", \"描述\": \"The immigration minister makes a decision on any request for Icelandic citizenship. Processing will not begin until the Directorate of Immigration has received a complete and paid application, along with all required supporting documents.\\nThe average processing time for a citizenship application is 6 to 8 months. During processing, if you have not submitted sufficient supporting documentation, the Directorate of Immigration will send you a letter in the mail requesting the missing documents.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply to parliament if the minister rejects your application.\", \"描述\": \"If your application for citizenship was denied by the Immigration Service, you can submit it to parliament and request citizenship be granted to you by law. These applications are heard twice a year. The deadlines are March 1 (for the spring session) and October 1 (for the autumn session).\\nWhen sending your application to parliament, you must pay an additional handling fee of 25,000 kr. (as of 2018).\\nIf the parliament refuses to grant citizenship, you may appeal to the Ministry of Justice.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You don't necessarily have to renounce citizenship in your home country to become an Icelandic citizen. Iceland recognizes dual citizenship, provided it is allowed by your home country.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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}
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How to Start an Illustration Career: Building Skills & Finding Full-Time Work
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1. Establishing Yourself as an Illustrator
1-1. Specialize in a particular artistic style.
Think about what illustration style you like best and what type of work you're most skilled at. Do any aspects of your work set you apart from other artists? Pick an illustration style and use it to create all your future artwork so your work has a distinct and unique feel that makes you stand out to potential employers. Possible styles include:
Minimalist illustration involves distilling complex ideas into simple artwork, using clean lines and basic shapes to focus on the core subject.
Realism can range from stylized but loosely realistic work to hyper-realistic art with intense lifelike detail.
Flat illustration is a trend based in graphic design, with 2-dimensional visuals and flat colors as opposed to detailed 3-dimensional graphics.
Don’t worry about developing this style overnight! Let it evolve naturally. Play around and experiment to find the art style you like most.
1-2. Pursue a degree in illustration to give yourself an edge.
College training is valuable for budding illustrators, especially because students are trained in a wide range of skills, from traditional fine art, drawing, and painting to computer graphics. Find and apply to art schools offering illustration degrees if you can afford to go and want a formal degree.
While a college education is definitely helpful and looks good on a resume, it isn’t the only way to become an illustrator. If attending college isn’t an option or you feel it’s not the right fit for you, that’s okay.
1-3. Take online illustration courses to develop your skills as an alternative.
Platforms like Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Skillshare are a less-expensive alternative to a college degree, and they have hundreds of online courses and tutorials for artists looking to improve their skills. Check the art class offerings at your local community college, too; you can take classes there without enrolling in a degree program.
Many art institutions also offer online classes you can sign up for, and some universities have pre-college art programs you can sign up for if you're still in high school.
Remember: your ability as an artist is the most important thing to employers. So long as your skills and portfolio are strong, you absolutely don’t need a college degree to be a successful illustrator.
1-4. Hone your skills by practicing daily and doing projects in your free time.
Continually build your skills and incorporate new elements into your signature style. Take advantage of your free time and use it to take classes, study, and above all, practice your art. Work on learning new concepts and developing polished illustrations to use in your portfolio.
Do a little bit of work every day. Even on days when you’re busy with classes or jobs, take just 10 or 20 minutes to practice a style or technique in your sketchbook.
Work hard and understand that you’ll be building up illustration skills throughout your career. It’s a never-ending process!
Challenge yourself and take on projects you've never tried. For example, if you want to illustrate book covers, start drawing for a wide range of genres—fantasy, romance, mystery, and more.
1-5. Build a portfolio
A portfolio is a curated selection of your work, and it's the most important part of an artist's job application. Curate 12 to 16 of your strongest pieces with a consistent style but a wide range of subject matter. Employers should see your versatility and get a sense of your artistic style.
Platforms like ArtStation, Behance, Portfoliobox, and Wix allow you to create a customized portfolio.
Pick illustrations you feel confident about! A portfolio is only as strong as your weakest piece, so don't include anything you're not satisfied with.
Add to your portfolio over time as you learn and take on new jobs. An experienced illustrator's online portfolio might have multiple galleries with 10 to 20 pieces each.
You can still build an impressive portfolio if you don't have professional experience; even university and personal projects can show off your skills.
1-6. Post illustrations on social media to help others find your work.
Create Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter pages where you can showcase your illustrations and link to your portfolio in a bio or description. Many working artists use social media to network, attract fans of their art, and pick up private commissions.
Use hashtags to your advantage. Tag each illustration you post with hashtags like #digitalart, #illustration, #sketchbook, or #artistsoninstagram.
1-7. Network
Social media also helps to expand your network of illustrator and designer contacts. Join sites like Dribbble and Instagram to promote your work and introduce yourself to fellow illustrators whose work you admire. The more contacts you have, the more opportunities will come your way.
Not only can connections help you get hired, but they can also help you hone your skills and give tips if you need them.
See if there are any professional societies or groups you can join for illustrating, such as the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators.
2. Finding Illustration Work
2-1. Choose the type of illustration job or industry you want to work in.
Illustrators create visual representations of a particular subject matter—but that description encompasses plenty of different jobs! Illustrators can work on books, draw cartoons, design greeting cards, illustrate medical journals, design fashions, or create storyboards. Once you know what you want to do, tailor your artwork toward those jobs.
Book illustrators create stylized images for a book's cover and interior and adopt an art style that’s appropriate to the book's age demographic.
Cartoonists draw comic stips, either for newspapers and online news publications, webcomics, or graphic novels.
Medical illustrators design images for textbooks and medical journals. Before starting the job, they typically get special training in biology and human anatomy.
Storyboard artists create graphic representations (storyboards) of a whole sequence of events, often for entertainment media like movies and video games.
2-2. Research potential clients and use their criteria to develop your resume.
Start by checking out popular job sites like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn. Find jobs you'd be interested in pursuing and are qualified for, and read their descriptions to see what illustration employers are looking for. Then, build your resume to address those needs and showcase relevant skills that’ll get you noticed.
Important skills for an illustrator include strong traditional drawing skills like knowledge of drawing a portrait and sketching, plus an eye for color, proportion, and composition.
If there are any businesses you'd like to work for—like a particular publishing company or webcomic platform you enjoy—start your research there.
2-3. Apply for jobs using both popular job sites and art-specific platforms.
After preparing all the materials you’ll need, start searching and applying for the jobs you’re interested in! Look for jobs on frequently-used job boards like LinkedIn and Indeed, and on job sites for artists like Dribbble and Behance. Check out artist-focused staffing agencies, too, like Creative Circle.
Include a link to your portfolio in every job application, and write a cover letter whenever there’s a prompt for one (even if it’s listed as optional).
If an employer reaches out for an interview, prepare for the interview beforehand and bring a physical copy of your portfolio with you (or have a link to your website ready if it’s a virtual interview).
2-4. Build a client base by taking commissions and freelance jobs.
Many illustrators choose to do freelance work rather than be steadily employed by a single business. Update your social media pages and portfolio to announce when you're taking commissions and take on a handful of freelance jobs at a time. Provide interested parties with prices and examples of your work.
Social media is a great source of commission-based work, but you can also check out job sites specializing in freelancing, like Fiverr and Upwork.
Don't overextend yourself by saying "yes" to every commission request you get. Consider how much time you have and how much work you can reasonably take on first.
While some people might try to get you to do illustration work for "exposure" rather than money, your time is valuable and so is your art, so accept financial compensation only.
2-5. Teach online courses for new illustrators while you establish yourself.
As you become a better illustrator, why not help others learn what you know? Post illustration guides, lessons, and tutorials on a Patreon account, or set up a Teachable account to build an illustration course for students. You could even just prepare and post video tutorials on YouTube to build your audience!
Teaching other people will also help you hone your skills further because it requires you to fully explain concepts and research each topic as you prepare lessons.
Patreon is a good option because it allows people to subscribe to your account for a monthly fee and view the content you post in exchange. They learn new techniques and you get paid!
Teachable is another popular option because it lets you build a whole course and market that course on the Teachable platform, where students can join for a fee.
2-6. Wait to quit a current job until you start getting commissions.
If you're already employed with a steady income, shifting into freelance illustration work is a big step! Experienced illustrators might be comfortable with striking out on their own without a day job, but if you're a beginner, it's best to wait until you have a portfolio and a few commissions lined up.
There's no definitive "right" time to quit your old job. If you feel ready and have enough projects lined up to cover the next couple of months financially, take the opportunity to launch your new career.
3. Tips for Beginner Illustrators
3-1. Familiarize yourself with commonly-used illustration software.
Develop a working knowledge of common design software, including how to use Adobe Illustrator and make art in Adobe Photoshop (which are the industry standards). The more you know about illustration software, the more valuable an employee you become.
Look at listings for your dream illustration jobs. What software requirements do they have? Start by learning those programs.
Even if you work with traditional mediums like pencils and charcoal, your portfolio should also demonstrate your knowledge of digital mediums and software.
3-2. Set goals for yourself and make a plan to achieve them.
Rather than diving headfirst into illustration, try setting small goals for yourself. Map out personal projects you want to complete in your free time and set incremental deadlines to get them done. Do the same for commission work, taking a couple at a time while you’re still in school to get a feel for the process.
Say you want to illustrate a webcomic. Break that goal into smaller steps by brainstorming a concept, then designing characters, and finally making a few test comic strips to post online.
Once you can handle smaller goals, start thinking about larger ones like starting your illustration business. Set incremental goals like building a portfolio, setting up a website, and marketing on social media.
3-3. Manage your time wisely and stick to every deadline.
Time management and dependability are important skills for illustrators to master, and doing so will help you build up your clientele! Communicate clearly with all of your clients to determine what they need and when you can deliver it to them. Once you agree on a deadline, stay on top of your work, organize your tasks, and turn in everything on time.
Ensure that the deadlines are reasonable so you can produce high-quality work. If you need a certain amount of time, say so upfront so there’s no confusion later.
3-4. Celebrate your progress without comparing yourself to other illustrators.
Becoming an illustrator isn’t a straightforward path; everyone finds success at their own pace, and developing your skills is a lifelong process. So, don’t get discouraged if you network with illustrators who are more established than you. They’ve undoubtedly overcome their own struggles, and one day you’ll reach their level too!
To that end, take your time. It’s okay if you don’t have all the experience needed for your dream job right away. Give yourself time to grow as an artist and find jobs well-suited to your skills.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Establishing Yourself as an Illustrator\\n1-1. Specialize in a particular artistic style.\\nThink about what illustration style you like best and what type of work you're most skilled at. Do any aspects of your work set you apart from other artists? Pick an illustration style and use it to create all your future artwork so your work has a distinct and unique feel that makes you stand out to potential employers. Possible styles include:\\nMinimalist illustration involves distilling complex ideas into simple artwork, using clean lines and basic shapes to focus on the core subject.\\nRealism can range from stylized but loosely realistic work to hyper-realistic art with intense lifelike detail.\\nFlat illustration is a trend based in graphic design, with 2-dimensional visuals and flat colors as opposed to detailed 3-dimensional graphics.\\nDon’t worry about developing this style overnight! Let it evolve naturally. Play around and experiment to find the art style you like most.\\n1-2. Pursue a degree in illustration to give yourself an edge.\\nCollege training is valuable for budding illustrators, especially because students are trained in a wide range of skills, from traditional fine art, drawing, and painting to computer graphics. Find and apply to art schools offering illustration degrees if you can afford to go and want a formal degree.\\nWhile a college education is definitely helpful and looks good on a resume, it isn’t the only way to become an illustrator. If attending college isn’t an option or you feel it’s not the right fit for you, that’s okay.\\n1-3. Take online illustration courses to develop your skills as an alternative.\\nPlatforms like Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Skillshare are a less-expensive alternative to a college degree, and they have hundreds of online courses and tutorials for artists looking to improve their skills. Check the art class offerings at your local community college, too; you can take classes there without enrolling in a degree program.\\nMany art institutions also offer online classes you can sign up for, and some universities have pre-college art programs you can sign up for if you're still in high school.\\nRemember: your ability as an artist is the most important thing to employers. So long as your skills and portfolio are strong, you absolutely don’t need a college degree to be a successful illustrator.\\n1-4. Hone your skills by practicing daily and doing projects in your free time.\\nContinually build your skills and incorporate new elements into your signature style. Take advantage of your free time and use it to take classes, study, and above all, practice your art. Work on learning new concepts and developing polished illustrations to use in your portfolio.\\nDo a little bit of work every day. Even on days when you’re busy with classes or jobs, take just 10 or 20 minutes to practice a style or technique in your sketchbook.\\nWork hard and understand that you’ll be building up illustration skills throughout your career. It’s a never-ending process!\\nChallenge yourself and take on projects you've never tried. For example, if you want to illustrate book covers, start drawing for a wide range of genres—fantasy, romance, mystery, and more.\\n1-5. Build a portfolio\\nA portfolio is a curated selection of your work, and it's the most important part of an artist's job application. Curate 12 to 16 of your strongest pieces with a consistent style but a wide range of subject matter. Employers should see your versatility and get a sense of your artistic style.\\nPlatforms like ArtStation, Behance, Portfoliobox, and Wix allow you to create a customized portfolio.\\nPick illustrations you feel confident about! A portfolio is only as strong as your weakest piece, so don't include anything you're not satisfied with.\\nAdd to your portfolio over time as you learn and take on new jobs. An experienced illustrator's online portfolio might have multiple galleries with 10 to 20 pieces each.\\nYou can still build an impressive portfolio if you don't have professional experience; even university and personal projects can show off your skills.\\n1-6. Post illustrations on social media to help others find your work.\\nCreate Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter pages where you can showcase your illustrations and link to your portfolio in a bio or description. Many working artists use social media to network, attract fans of their art, and pick up private commissions.\\nUse hashtags to your advantage. Tag each illustration you post with hashtags like #digitalart, #illustration, #sketchbook, or #artistsoninstagram.\\n1-7. Network\\nSocial media also helps to expand your network of illustrator and designer contacts. Join sites like Dribbble and Instagram to promote your work and introduce yourself to fellow illustrators whose work you admire. The more contacts you have, the more opportunities will come your way.\\nNot only can connections help you get hired, but they can also help you hone your skills and give tips if you need them.\\nSee if there are any professional societies or groups you can join for illustrating, such as the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators.\\n2. Finding Illustration Work\\n2-1. Choose the type of illustration job or industry you want to work in.\\nIllustrators create visual representations of a particular subject matter—but that description encompasses plenty of different jobs! Illustrators can work on books, draw cartoons, design greeting cards, illustrate medical journals, design fashions, or create storyboards. Once you know what you want to do, tailor your artwork toward those jobs.\\nBook illustrators create stylized images for a book's cover and interior and adopt an art style that’s appropriate to the book's age demographic.\\nCartoonists draw comic stips, either for newspapers and online news publications, webcomics, or graphic novels.\\nMedical illustrators design images for textbooks and medical journals. Before starting the job, they typically get special training in biology and human anatomy.\\nStoryboard artists create graphic representations (storyboards) of a whole sequence of events, often for entertainment media like movies and video games.\\n2-2. Research potential clients and use their criteria to develop your resume.\\nStart by checking out popular job sites like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn. Find jobs you'd be interested in pursuing and are qualified for, and read their descriptions to see what illustration employers are looking for. Then, build your resume to address those needs and showcase relevant skills that’ll get you noticed.\\nImportant skills for an illustrator include strong traditional drawing skills like knowledge of drawing a portrait and sketching, plus an eye for color, proportion, and composition.\\nIf there are any businesses you'd like to work for—like a particular publishing company or webcomic platform you enjoy—start your research there.\\n2-3. Apply for jobs using both popular job sites and art-specific platforms.\\nAfter preparing all the materials you’ll need, start searching and applying for the jobs you’re interested in! Look for jobs on frequently-used job boards like LinkedIn and Indeed, and on job sites for artists like Dribbble and Behance. Check out artist-focused staffing agencies, too, like Creative Circle.\\nInclude a link to your portfolio in every job application, and write a cover letter whenever there’s a prompt for one (even if it’s listed as optional).\\nIf an employer reaches out for an interview, prepare for the interview beforehand and bring a physical copy of your portfolio with you (or have a link to your website ready if it’s a virtual interview).\\n2-4. Build a client base by taking commissions and freelance jobs.\\nMany illustrators choose to do freelance work rather than be steadily employed by a single business. Update your social media pages and portfolio to announce when you're taking commissions and take on a handful of freelance jobs at a time. Provide interested parties with prices and examples of your work.\\nSocial media is a great source of commission-based work, but you can also check out job sites specializing in freelancing, like Fiverr and Upwork.\\nDon't overextend yourself by saying \\\"yes\\\" to every commission request you get. Consider how much time you have and how much work you can reasonably take on first.\\nWhile some people might try to get you to do illustration work for \\\"exposure\\\" rather than money, your time is valuable and so is your art, so accept financial compensation only.\\n2-5. Teach online courses for new illustrators while you establish yourself.\\nAs you become a better illustrator, why not help others learn what you know? Post illustration guides, lessons, and tutorials on a Patreon account, or set up a Teachable account to build an illustration course for students. You could even just prepare and post video tutorials on YouTube to build your audience!\\nTeaching other people will also help you hone your skills further because it requires you to fully explain concepts and research each topic as you prepare lessons.\\nPatreon is a good option because it allows people to subscribe to your account for a monthly fee and view the content you post in exchange. They learn new techniques and you get paid!\\nTeachable is another popular option because it lets you build a whole course and market that course on the Teachable platform, where students can join for a fee.\\n2-6. Wait to quit a current job until you start getting commissions.\\nIf you're already employed with a steady income, shifting into freelance illustration work is a big step! Experienced illustrators might be comfortable with striking out on their own without a day job, but if you're a beginner, it's best to wait until you have a portfolio and a few commissions lined up.\\nThere's no definitive \\\"right\\\" time to quit your old job. If you feel ready and have enough projects lined up to cover the next couple of months financially, take the opportunity to launch your new career.\\n3. Tips for Beginner Illustrators\\n3-1. Familiarize yourself with commonly-used illustration software.\\nDevelop a working knowledge of common design software, including how to use Adobe Illustrator and make art in Adobe Photoshop (which are the industry standards). The more you know about illustration software, the more valuable an employee you become.\\nLook at listings for your dream illustration jobs. What software requirements do they have? Start by learning those programs.\\nEven if you work with traditional mediums like pencils and charcoal, your portfolio should also demonstrate your knowledge of digital mediums and software.\\n3-2. Set goals for yourself and make a plan to achieve them.\\nRather than diving headfirst into illustration, try setting small goals for yourself. Map out personal projects you want to complete in your free time and set incremental deadlines to get them done. Do the same for commission work, taking a couple at a time while you’re still in school to get a feel for the process.\\nSay you want to illustrate a webcomic. Break that goal into smaller steps by brainstorming a concept, then designing characters, and finally making a few test comic strips to post online.\\nOnce you can handle smaller goals, start thinking about larger ones like starting your illustration business. Set incremental goals like building a portfolio, setting up a website, and marketing on social media.\\n3-3. Manage your time wisely and stick to every deadline.\\nTime management and dependability are important skills for illustrators to master, and doing so will help you build up your clientele! Communicate clearly with all of your clients to determine what they need and when you can deliver it to them. Once you agree on a deadline, stay on top of your work, organize your tasks, and turn in everything on time.\\nEnsure that the deadlines are reasonable so you can produce high-quality work. If you need a certain amount of time, say so upfront so there’s no confusion later.\\n3-4. Celebrate your progress without comparing yourself to other illustrators.\\nBecoming an illustrator isn’t a straightforward path; everyone finds success at their own pace, and developing your skills is a lifelong process. So, don’t get discouraged if you network with illustrators who are more established than you. They’ve undoubtedly overcome their own struggles, and one day you’ll reach their level too!\\nTo that end, take your time. It’s okay if you don’t have all the experience needed for your dream job right away. Give yourself time to grow as an artist and find jobs well-suited to your skills.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you have a passion for illustration and storytelling through art, but aren’t sure how to turn it into a full-time career? We’re here to help you get started and learn everything you need to know. Illustrators are artists responsible for creating gorgeous images to represent a piece of writing, and they're in higher demand than ever with the popularity of ebooks and online publishing. Keep reading for a complete guide to becoming an illustrator—from developing your skills and building a portfolio to getting hired!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establishing Yourself as an Illustrator\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Specialize in a particular artistic style.\", \"描述\": \"Think about what illustration style you like best and what type of work you're most skilled at. Do any aspects of your work set you apart from other artists? Pick an illustration style and use it to create all your future artwork so your work has a distinct and unique feel that makes you stand out to potential employers. Possible styles include:\\nMinimalist illustration involves distilling complex ideas into simple artwork, using clean lines and basic shapes to focus on the core subject.\\nRealism can range from stylized but loosely realistic work to hyper-realistic art with intense lifelike detail.\\nFlat illustration is a trend based in graphic design, with 2-dimensional visuals and flat colors as opposed to detailed 3-dimensional graphics.\\nDon’t worry about developing this style overnight! Let it evolve naturally. Play around and experiment to find the art style you like most.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pursue a degree in illustration to give yourself an edge.\", \"描述\": \"College training is valuable for budding illustrators, especially because students are trained in a wide range of skills, from traditional fine art, drawing, and painting to computer graphics. Find and apply to art schools offering illustration degrees if you can afford to go and want a formal degree.\\nWhile a college education is definitely helpful and looks good on a resume, it isn’t the only way to become an illustrator. If attending college isn’t an option or you feel it’s not the right fit for you, that’s okay.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take online illustration courses to develop your skills as an alternative.\", \"描述\": \"Platforms like Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Skillshare are a less-expensive alternative to a college degree, and they have hundreds of online courses and tutorials for artists looking to improve their skills. Check the art class offerings at your local community college, too; you can take classes there without enrolling in a degree program.\\nMany art institutions also offer online classes you can sign up for, and some universities have pre-college art programs you can sign up for if you're still in high school.\\nRemember: your ability as an artist is the most important thing to employers. So long as your skills and portfolio are strong, you absolutely don’t need a college degree to be a successful illustrator.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hone your skills by practicing daily and doing projects in your free time.\", \"描述\": \"Continually build your skills and incorporate new elements into your signature style. Take advantage of your free time and use it to take classes, study, and above all, practice your art. Work on learning new concepts and developing polished illustrations to use in your portfolio.\\nDo a little bit of work every day. Even on days when you’re busy with classes or jobs, take just 10 or 20 minutes to practice a style or technique in your sketchbook.\\nWork hard and understand that you’ll be building up illustration skills throughout your career. It’s a never-ending process!\\nChallenge yourself and take on projects you've never tried. For example, if you want to illustrate book covers, start drawing for a wide range of genres—fantasy, romance, mystery, and more.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Build a portfolio\", \"描述\": \"A portfolio is a curated selection of your work, and it's the most important part of an artist's job application. Curate 12 to 16 of your strongest pieces with a consistent style but a wide range of subject matter. Employers should see your versatility and get a sense of your artistic style.\\nPlatforms like ArtStation, Behance, Portfoliobox, and Wix allow you to create a customized portfolio.\\nPick illustrations you feel confident about! A portfolio is only as strong as your weakest piece, so don't include anything you're not satisfied with.\\nAdd to your portfolio over time as you learn and take on new jobs. An experienced illustrator's online portfolio might have multiple galleries with 10 to 20 pieces each.\\nYou can still build an impressive portfolio if you don't have professional experience; even university and personal projects can show off your skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Post illustrations on social media to help others find your work.\", \"描述\": \"Create Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter pages where you can showcase your illustrations and link to your portfolio in a bio or description. Many working artists use social media to network, attract fans of their art, and pick up private commissions.\\nUse hashtags to your advantage. Tag each illustration you post with hashtags like #digitalart, #illustration, #sketchbook, or #artistsoninstagram.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Network\", \"描述\": \"Social media also helps to expand your network of illustrator and designer contacts. Join sites like Dribbble and Instagram to promote your work and introduce yourself to fellow illustrators whose work you admire. The more contacts you have, the more opportunities will come your way.\\nNot only can connections help you get hired, but they can also help you hone your skills and give tips if you need them.\\nSee if there are any professional societies or groups you can join for illustrating, such as the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding Illustration Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose the type of illustration job or industry you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Illustrators create visual representations of a particular subject matter—but that description encompasses plenty of different jobs! Illustrators can work on books, draw cartoons, design greeting cards, illustrate medical journals, design fashions, or create storyboards. Once you know what you want to do, tailor your artwork toward those jobs.\\nBook illustrators create stylized images for a book's cover and interior and adopt an art style that’s appropriate to the book's age demographic.\\nCartoonists draw comic stips, either for newspapers and online news publications, webcomics, or graphic novels.\\nMedical illustrators design images for textbooks and medical journals. Before starting the job, they typically get special training in biology and human anatomy.\\nStoryboard artists create graphic representations (storyboards) of a whole sequence of events, often for entertainment media like movies and video games.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research potential clients and use their criteria to develop your resume.\", \"描述\": \"Start by checking out popular job sites like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn. Find jobs you'd be interested in pursuing and are qualified for, and read their descriptions to see what illustration employers are looking for. Then, build your resume to address those needs and showcase relevant skills that’ll get you noticed.\\nImportant skills for an illustrator include strong traditional drawing skills like knowledge of drawing a portrait and sketching, plus an eye for color, proportion, and composition.\\nIf there are any businesses you'd like to work for—like a particular publishing company or webcomic platform you enjoy—start your research there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs using both popular job sites and art-specific platforms.\", \"描述\": \"After preparing all the materials you’ll need, start searching and applying for the jobs you’re interested in! Look for jobs on frequently-used job boards like LinkedIn and Indeed, and on job sites for artists like Dribbble and Behance. Check out artist-focused staffing agencies, too, like Creative Circle.\\nInclude a link to your portfolio in every job application, and write a cover letter whenever there’s a prompt for one (even if it’s listed as optional).\\nIf an employer reaches out for an interview, prepare for the interview beforehand and bring a physical copy of your portfolio with you (or have a link to your website ready if it’s a virtual interview).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build a client base by taking commissions and freelance jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Many illustrators choose to do freelance work rather than be steadily employed by a single business. Update your social media pages and portfolio to announce when you're taking commissions and take on a handful of freelance jobs at a time. Provide interested parties with prices and examples of your work.\\nSocial media is a great source of commission-based work, but you can also check out job sites specializing in freelancing, like Fiverr and Upwork.\\nDon't overextend yourself by saying \\\"yes\\\" to every commission request you get. Consider how much time you have and how much work you can reasonably take on first.\\nWhile some people might try to get you to do illustration work for \\\"exposure\\\" rather than money, your time is valuable and so is your art, so accept financial compensation only.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Teach online courses for new illustrators while you establish yourself.\", \"描述\": \"As you become a better illustrator, why not help others learn what you know? Post illustration guides, lessons, and tutorials on a Patreon account, or set up a Teachable account to build an illustration course for students. You could even just prepare and post video tutorials on YouTube to build your audience!\\nTeaching other people will also help you hone your skills further because it requires you to fully explain concepts and research each topic as you prepare lessons.\\nPatreon is a good option because it allows people to subscribe to your account for a monthly fee and view the content you post in exchange. They learn new techniques and you get paid!\\nTeachable is another popular option because it lets you build a whole course and market that course on the Teachable platform, where students can join for a fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wait to quit a current job until you start getting commissions.\", \"描述\": \"If you're already employed with a steady income, shifting into freelance illustration work is a big step! Experienced illustrators might be comfortable with striking out on their own without a day job, but if you're a beginner, it's best to wait until you have a portfolio and a few commissions lined up.\\nThere's no definitive \\\"right\\\" time to quit your old job. If you feel ready and have enough projects lined up to cover the next couple of months financially, take the opportunity to launch your new career.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tips for Beginner Illustrators\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with commonly-used illustration software.\", \"描述\": \"Develop a working knowledge of common design software, including how to use Adobe Illustrator and make art in Adobe Photoshop (which are the industry standards). The more you know about illustration software, the more valuable an employee you become.\\nLook at listings for your dream illustration jobs. What software requirements do they have? Start by learning those programs.\\nEven if you work with traditional mediums like pencils and charcoal, your portfolio should also demonstrate your knowledge of digital mediums and software.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set goals for yourself and make a plan to achieve them.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than diving headfirst into illustration, try setting small goals for yourself. Map out personal projects you want to complete in your free time and set incremental deadlines to get them done. Do the same for commission work, taking a couple at a time while you’re still in school to get a feel for the process.\\nSay you want to illustrate a webcomic. Break that goal into smaller steps by brainstorming a concept, then designing characters, and finally making a few test comic strips to post online.\\nOnce you can handle smaller goals, start thinking about larger ones like starting your illustration business. Set incremental goals like building a portfolio, setting up a website, and marketing on social media.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Manage your time wisely and stick to every deadline.\", \"描述\": \"Time management and dependability are important skills for illustrators to master, and doing so will help you build up your clientele! Communicate clearly with all of your clients to determine what they need and when you can deliver it to them. Once you agree on a deadline, stay on top of your work, organize your tasks, and turn in everything on time.\\nEnsure that the deadlines are reasonable so you can produce high-quality work. If you need a certain amount of time, say so upfront so there’s no confusion later.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Celebrate your progress without comparing yourself to other illustrators.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming an illustrator isn’t a straightforward path; everyone finds success at their own pace, and developing your skills is a lifelong process. So, don’t get discouraged if you network with illustrators who are more established than you. They’ve undoubtedly overcome their own struggles, and one day you’ll reach their level too!\\nTo that end, take your time. It’s okay if you don’t have all the experience needed for your dream job right away. Give yourself time to grow as an artist and find jobs well-suited to your skills.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,012 |
How to Become an Immigration Lawyer
|
1. Qualifying for Law School
1-1. Earn a 4-year undergraduate degree at a college or university.
A bachelor's degree is required to enter law school.
Pick a major that you're interested in. There's no pre-law undergraduate major, so law schools don't require you to have a certain major to gain admission.
Take useful classes. The best classes to take will emphasize writing, reading, and critical thinking. Foreign language classes can also be helpful. In 2013, over 35% of US immigrants migrated from Spanish speaking countries. Large numbers of immigrants also came from Vietnam, China, the Philippines, India and Korea. Immigration to the US from Asian countries has continued to grow for several years and represents the largest group of immigrants to the US. If you could be fluent in one of these languages you may be able to create a niche for your legal practice.
Get good grades. In addition to taking challenging courses you will need good grades to get into the school of your choice.
Build relationships with professors so they can give you a meaningful and positive recommendation.
1-2. Open a Law School Admission Council (LSAC) account online here and pay any associated fees.
The account is how law schools receive most of the details for your law school application.
Send transcripts, letters of recommendations, and resumes to LSAC.
1-3. Register for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT).
The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. The September/October exam is the final one to take to qualify for fall admission.
1-4. Prepare for the LSAT.
The LSAT is perhaps the most important piece of your application. It is scored from 120-180 and tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Take it seriously.
Commercial prep courses can run to several thousand dollars. You typically meet in a small groups or in one-on-one tutoring.
You can also study on your own. Your library or local bookstore has copies of old exams. Take some practice exams and identify areas of weakness. Your library should also have study guides to help you improve.
1-5. Select law schools.
There are over 200 accredited law schools in the United States. They vary considerably in reputation. The more highly-regarded the law school, the more impressive your credentials need to be to gain admittance.
To get into any law school, you should have around a 3.00 GPA and an LSAT score around 151 (which is the 50th percentile).
To get into a top 50 law school, you should have around a 3.5 GPA and an LSAT score around 157 (70th percentile).
To get into a top 10 law school, your GPA will need to be around 3.7 and your LSAT around 169 (97th percentile).
Go online and look at a law school admissions calculator, such as https://officialguide.lsac.org/release/OfficialGuide_Default.aspx.
1-6. Pick a city that you will be willing to live in after graduation.
Large immigrant populations cluster in cities. Attending a law school in a city will provide ready access to clinics and job opportunities serving the immigrant community.
You may want to consider attending a law school that has an immigration clinical program. Immigration clinical programs allow law students to get practical experience in immigration law before they graduate. Check to see if the schools you want to attend have a clinical law program.
1-7. Consider the costs of attending law school.
Law school tuition has increased dramatically and can cost over $50,000 a year. Apply for financial aid and think about what your living expenses will be at your law school. Some cities are far more expensive than others.
1-8. Apply to law school and gain admission.
The deadline for fall admission usually falls in February or March. It is best to apply early before all the seats fill up. Aim to apply before Christmas.
Apply to multiple law schools: safeties, targets and reaches.
2. Earning a Law Degree
2-1. Take required first-year courses.
Typical first year courses are contracts, torts, Constitutional law, property, and legal writing. Earn good grades, as your grades are important to future employers.
2-2. Fill in any language deficiencies.
For example, if you weren’t able to learn Spanish as an undergrad, take the time to master the language while in law school. You might not get course credit, but the skill will be invaluable.
2-3. Take immigration law electives.
Law students fill up their final two years of law school with electives. You can begin taking immigration law classes then.
Participate in internships at immigration agencies or firms during the school year. You can often earn credit!
If your school has an immigration law clinic, sign up and start getting hands-on experience. You will work under the direction of a helpful faculty supervisor.
Work for an immigration attorney during your summers. Law students have two summers to work. Building contacts while in law school will help with your job search after graduation. While some immigration attorneys work for large firms, most work in small practices. Therefore, you will want to conduct informational interviews with local practitioners to learn about the field in your city and determine whether or not there are jobs or internships available for law students.
2-4. Join college and professional organizations such as the American Immigration Lawyer Association (AILA).
Professional organizations are a great way to meet practitioners in the field.
Attend an annual conference to rub shoulders with establish immigration attorneys.
The continuing legal education courses offered by professional organizations are a great way to supplement your law school education. If your school doesn't offer classes in immigration law, then you can attend panels and discussion sponsored through the AILA.
2-5. Graduate from law school with your Juris Doctor (JD) degree.
3. Obtaining Your Law License
3-1. Find what state you want to work in.
Each state qualifies its own attorneys. Find the state you want to work in and register for admittance to their bar.
3-2. Fill out the character and fitness questionnaire.
This survey asks detailed questions about your academic, work, and financial history. Complete honesty is mandatory.
If you have any concerns, such as a prior criminal conviction or an accusation of plagiarism, you should secure the assistance of an attorney to help guide you through the bar admissions process. People have been denied admittance for these reasons.
If the character and fitness committee calls you in for an interview, you should prepare for the interview with a lawyer.
3-3. Register for the bar exam.
States typically offer the bar exam twice a year: once in February and once in the summer. There are two parts: a written essay exam and a multiple choice test. Score requirements vary.
Some state bars are more difficult to pass. California, for example, has a passage rate of about 48 percent.
Illinois, by contrast, admitted about 80 percent of its applicants in 2014.
Popular prep courses can help you study for both the essay and multiple choice sections. They run for several months and cost several thousand dollars.
3-4. Pass the state bar examination and get sworn in.
Swearing in usually happens a month or so after the bar exam results have been released.
4. Building Your Immigration Law Practice
4-1. Seek employment opportunities.
You can apply to work at the immigration law firm or immigration agency you interned at during law school. Renew your contacts. Ideally, you should have regularly kept in touch.
Schedule informational interviews as a way to establish new connections.
You can find a job online, through networking or through classified advertisements. Also, your law school career center should have leads or tips for finding work.
4-2. Start your own firm.
Once you are admitted to a state bar, you are qualified to hang out a shingle and work for yourself.
To open a firm, you will need to incorporate, either as a limited liability company (LLC) or as a professional corporation (PC). Forms are available from the Secretary of State's office.
You typically need to register with your state Supreme Court.
Get your name out there! Building a website is a great way to raise awareness of your firm. Be sure to make it multi-lingual.
Keep in touch with former employers. If they have a conflict which prevent them from working on a case, they may refer it to you.
If you start your own firm, you must be able to support yourself financially for a year or two with either limited or no income. While your practice may take off quickly, it may also be a year or two before you can take home a salary.
4-3. Think about practicing in a different field for a while.
Immigration issues crop up in a variety of fields, for example in employment law or in family law. Gaining experience in these other areas can be a way to pay your bills while waiting for immigration matters to come your way.
4-4. Continue to build skills.
In addition to language skills, successful immigration lawyers excel at listening, public speaking, and debating. They must also have detailed knowledge of the immigration code.
Consistently learn and gain relevant experience to the point were you re fairly competent.
Tips
Although law schools are typically looking for students who have excellent undergraduate grades, high LSAT scores and work experience, each school places different weight on these factors. Thus, you may gain admission even if you don't have stellar grades or a high LSAT score.
Law schools also place a lot of weight on the amount of volunteer work you do before, during and after you are working on your undergraduate degree.
Warnings
Being an immigration attorney is a big responsibility. Make sure you know what you're getting yourself into before making a huge commitment.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Qualifying for Law School\\n1-1. Earn a 4-year undergraduate degree at a college or university.\\nA bachelor's degree is required to enter law school.\\nPick a major that you're interested in. There's no pre-law undergraduate major, so law schools don't require you to have a certain major to gain admission.\\nTake useful classes. The best classes to take will emphasize writing, reading, and critical thinking. Foreign language classes can also be helpful. In 2013, over 35% of US immigrants migrated from Spanish speaking countries. Large numbers of immigrants also came from Vietnam, China, the Philippines, India and Korea. Immigration to the US from Asian countries has continued to grow for several years and represents the largest group of immigrants to the US. If you could be fluent in one of these languages you may be able to create a niche for your legal practice.\\nGet good grades. In addition to taking challenging courses you will need good grades to get into the school of your choice.\\nBuild relationships with professors so they can give you a meaningful and positive recommendation.\\n1-2. Open a Law School Admission Council (LSAC) account online here and pay any associated fees.\\nThe account is how law schools receive most of the details for your law school application.\\nSend transcripts, letters of recommendations, and resumes to LSAC.\\n1-3. Register for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT).\\nThe LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. The September/October exam is the final one to take to qualify for fall admission.\\n1-4. Prepare for the LSAT.\\nThe LSAT is perhaps the most important piece of your application. It is scored from 120-180 and tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Take it seriously.\\nCommercial prep courses can run to several thousand dollars. You typically meet in a small groups or in one-on-one tutoring.\\nYou can also study on your own. Your library or local bookstore has copies of old exams. Take some practice exams and identify areas of weakness. Your library should also have study guides to help you improve.\\n1-5. Select law schools.\\nThere are over 200 accredited law schools in the United States. They vary considerably in reputation. The more highly-regarded the law school, the more impressive your credentials need to be to gain admittance.\\nTo get into any law school, you should have around a 3.00 GPA and an LSAT score around 151 (which is the 50th percentile).\\nTo get into a top 50 law school, you should have around a 3.5 GPA and an LSAT score around 157 (70th percentile).\\nTo get into a top 10 law school, your GPA will need to be around 3.7 and your LSAT around 169 (97th percentile).\\nGo online and look at a law school admissions calculator, such as https://officialguide.lsac.org/release/OfficialGuide_Default.aspx.\\n1-6. Pick a city that you will be willing to live in after graduation.\\nLarge immigrant populations cluster in cities. Attending a law school in a city will provide ready access to clinics and job opportunities serving the immigrant community.\\nYou may want to consider attending a law school that has an immigration clinical program. Immigration clinical programs allow law students to get practical experience in immigration law before they graduate. Check to see if the schools you want to attend have a clinical law program.\\n1-7. Consider the costs of attending law school.\\nLaw school tuition has increased dramatically and can cost over $50,000 a year. Apply for financial aid and think about what your living expenses will be at your law school. Some cities are far more expensive than others.\\n1-8. Apply to law school and gain admission.\\nThe deadline for fall admission usually falls in February or March. It is best to apply early before all the seats fill up. Aim to apply before Christmas.\\nApply to multiple law schools: safeties, targets and reaches.\\n2. Earning a Law Degree\\n2-1. Take required first-year courses.\\nTypical first year courses are contracts, torts, Constitutional law, property, and legal writing. Earn good grades, as your grades are important to future employers.\\n2-2. Fill in any language deficiencies.\\nFor example, if you weren’t able to learn Spanish as an undergrad, take the time to master the language while in law school. You might not get course credit, but the skill will be invaluable.\\n2-3. Take immigration law electives.\\nLaw students fill up their final two years of law school with electives. You can begin taking immigration law classes then.\\nParticipate in internships at immigration agencies or firms during the school year. You can often earn credit!\\nIf your school has an immigration law clinic, sign up and start getting hands-on experience. You will work under the direction of a helpful faculty supervisor.\\nWork for an immigration attorney during your summers. Law students have two summers to work. Building contacts while in law school will help with your job search after graduation. While some immigration attorneys work for large firms, most work in small practices. Therefore, you will want to conduct informational interviews with local practitioners to learn about the field in your city and determine whether or not there are jobs or internships available for law students.\\n2-4. Join college and professional organizations such as the American Immigration Lawyer Association (AILA).\\nProfessional organizations are a great way to meet practitioners in the field.\\nAttend an annual conference to rub shoulders with establish immigration attorneys.\\nThe continuing legal education courses offered by professional organizations are a great way to supplement your law school education. If your school doesn't offer classes in immigration law, then you can attend panels and discussion sponsored through the AILA.\\n2-5. Graduate from law school with your Juris Doctor (JD) degree.\\n\\n3. Obtaining Your Law License\\n3-1. Find what state you want to work in.\\nEach state qualifies its own attorneys. Find the state you want to work in and register for admittance to their bar.\\n3-2. Fill out the character and fitness questionnaire.\\nThis survey asks detailed questions about your academic, work, and financial history. Complete honesty is mandatory.\\nIf you have any concerns, such as a prior criminal conviction or an accusation of plagiarism, you should secure the assistance of an attorney to help guide you through the bar admissions process. People have been denied admittance for these reasons.\\nIf the character and fitness committee calls you in for an interview, you should prepare for the interview with a lawyer.\\n3-3. Register for the bar exam.\\nStates typically offer the bar exam twice a year: once in February and once in the summer. There are two parts: a written essay exam and a multiple choice test. Score requirements vary.\\nSome state bars are more difficult to pass. California, for example, has a passage rate of about 48 percent. \\nIllinois, by contrast, admitted about 80 percent of its applicants in 2014. \\nPopular prep courses can help you study for both the essay and multiple choice sections. They run for several months and cost several thousand dollars.\\n3-4. Pass the state bar examination and get sworn in.\\nSwearing in usually happens a month or so after the bar exam results have been released.\\n4. Building Your Immigration Law Practice\\n4-1. Seek employment opportunities.\\nYou can apply to work at the immigration law firm or immigration agency you interned at during law school. Renew your contacts. Ideally, you should have regularly kept in touch.\\nSchedule informational interviews as a way to establish new connections.\\nYou can find a job online, through networking or through classified advertisements. Also, your law school career center should have leads or tips for finding work.\\n4-2. Start your own firm.\\nOnce you are admitted to a state bar, you are qualified to hang out a shingle and work for yourself.\\nTo open a firm, you will need to incorporate, either as a limited liability company (LLC) or as a professional corporation (PC). Forms are available from the Secretary of State's office.\\nYou typically need to register with your state Supreme Court.\\nGet your name out there! Building a website is a great way to raise awareness of your firm. Be sure to make it multi-lingual.\\nKeep in touch with former employers. If they have a conflict which prevent them from working on a case, they may refer it to you.\\nIf you start your own firm, you must be able to support yourself financially for a year or two with either limited or no income. While your practice may take off quickly, it may also be a year or two before you can take home a salary.\\n4-3. Think about practicing in a different field for a while.\\nImmigration issues crop up in a variety of fields, for example in employment law or in family law. Gaining experience in these other areas can be a way to pay your bills while waiting for immigration matters to come your way.\\n4-4. Continue to build skills.\\nIn addition to language skills, successful immigration lawyers excel at listening, public speaking, and debating. They must also have detailed knowledge of the immigration code.\\nConsistently learn and gain relevant experience to the point were you re fairly competent.\\nTips\\nAlthough law schools are typically looking for students who have excellent undergraduate grades, high LSAT scores and work experience, each school places different weight on these factors. Thus, you may gain admission even if you don't have stellar grades or a high LSAT score.\\nLaw schools also place a lot of weight on the amount of volunteer work you do before, during and after you are working on your undergraduate degree.\\nWarnings\\nBeing an immigration attorney is a big responsibility. Make sure you know what you're getting yourself into before making a huge commitment.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As an immigration lawyer, you specialize in resolving immigration issues such as citizenship denials cases, obtaining visas, and appealing citizenship denials. You are also responsible for assisting clients with immigration paperwork, relocating businesses outside the country, and advising clients of the process of becoming U.S. permanent residents or citizens.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Qualifying for Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a 4-year undergraduate degree at a college or university.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor's degree is required to enter law school.\\nPick a major that you're interested in. There's no pre-law undergraduate major, so law schools don't require you to have a certain major to gain admission.\\nTake useful classes. The best classes to take will emphasize writing, reading, and critical thinking. Foreign language classes can also be helpful. In 2013, over 35% of US immigrants migrated from Spanish speaking countries. Large numbers of immigrants also came from Vietnam, China, the Philippines, India and Korea. Immigration to the US from Asian countries has continued to grow for several years and represents the largest group of immigrants to the US. If you could be fluent in one of these languages you may be able to create a niche for your legal practice.\\nGet good grades. In addition to taking challenging courses you will need good grades to get into the school of your choice.\\nBuild relationships with professors so they can give you a meaningful and positive recommendation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open a Law School Admission Council (LSAC) account online here and pay any associated fees.\", \"描述\": \"The account is how law schools receive most of the details for your law school application.\\nSend transcripts, letters of recommendations, and resumes to LSAC.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT).\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is offered four times a year, in June, September/October, December, and February. The September/October exam is the final one to take to qualify for fall admission.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the LSAT.\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is perhaps the most important piece of your application. It is scored from 120-180 and tests reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning. Take it seriously.\\nCommercial prep courses can run to several thousand dollars. You typically meet in a small groups or in one-on-one tutoring.\\nYou can also study on your own. Your library or local bookstore has copies of old exams. Take some practice exams and identify areas of weakness. Your library should also have study guides to help you improve.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Select law schools.\", \"描述\": \"There are over 200 accredited law schools in the United States. They vary considerably in reputation. The more highly-regarded the law school, the more impressive your credentials need to be to gain admittance.\\nTo get into any law school, you should have around a 3.00 GPA and an LSAT score around 151 (which is the 50th percentile).\\nTo get into a top 50 law school, you should have around a 3.5 GPA and an LSAT score around 157 (70th percentile).\\nTo get into a top 10 law school, your GPA will need to be around 3.7 and your LSAT around 169 (97th percentile).\\nGo online and look at a law school admissions calculator, such as https://officialguide.lsac.org/release/OfficialGuide_Default.aspx.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pick a city that you will be willing to live in after graduation.\", \"描述\": \"Large immigrant populations cluster in cities. Attending a law school in a city will provide ready access to clinics and job opportunities serving the immigrant community.\\nYou may want to consider attending a law school that has an immigration clinical program. Immigration clinical programs allow law students to get practical experience in immigration law before they graduate. Check to see if the schools you want to attend have a clinical law program.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Consider the costs of attending law school.\", \"描述\": \"Law school tuition has increased dramatically and can cost over $50,000 a year. Apply for financial aid and think about what your living expenses will be at your law school. Some cities are far more expensive than others.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply to law school and gain admission.\", \"描述\": \"The deadline for fall admission usually falls in February or March. It is best to apply early before all the seats fill up. Aim to apply before Christmas.\\nApply to multiple law schools: safeties, targets and reaches.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earning a Law Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take required first-year courses.\", \"描述\": \"Typical first year courses are contracts, torts, Constitutional law, property, and legal writing. Earn good grades, as your grades are important to future employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill in any language deficiencies.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you weren’t able to learn Spanish as an undergrad, take the time to master the language while in law school. You might not get course credit, but the skill will be invaluable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take immigration law electives.\", \"描述\": \"Law students fill up their final two years of law school with electives. You can begin taking immigration law classes then.\\nParticipate in internships at immigration agencies or firms during the school year. You can often earn credit!\\nIf your school has an immigration law clinic, sign up and start getting hands-on experience. You will work under the direction of a helpful faculty supervisor.\\nWork for an immigration attorney during your summers. Law students have two summers to work. Building contacts while in law school will help with your job search after graduation. While some immigration attorneys work for large firms, most work in small practices. Therefore, you will want to conduct informational interviews with local practitioners to learn about the field in your city and determine whether or not there are jobs or internships available for law students.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join college and professional organizations such as the American Immigration Lawyer Association (AILA).\", \"描述\": \"Professional organizations are a great way to meet practitioners in the field.\\nAttend an annual conference to rub shoulders with establish immigration attorneys.\\nThe continuing legal education courses offered by professional organizations are a great way to supplement your law school education. If your school doesn't offer classes in immigration law, then you can attend panels and discussion sponsored through the AILA.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Graduate from law school with your Juris Doctor (JD) degree.\", \"描述\": \"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Your Law License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find what state you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"Each state qualifies its own attorneys. Find the state you want to work in and register for admittance to their bar.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out the character and fitness questionnaire.\", \"描述\": \"This survey asks detailed questions about your academic, work, and financial history. Complete honesty is mandatory.\\nIf you have any concerns, such as a prior criminal conviction or an accusation of plagiarism, you should secure the assistance of an attorney to help guide you through the bar admissions process. People have been denied admittance for these reasons.\\nIf the character and fitness committee calls you in for an interview, you should prepare for the interview with a lawyer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register for the bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"States typically offer the bar exam twice a year: once in February and once in the summer. There are two parts: a written essay exam and a multiple choice test. Score requirements vary.\\nSome state bars are more difficult to pass. California, for example, has a passage rate of about 48 percent. \\nIllinois, by contrast, admitted about 80 percent of its applicants in 2014. \\nPopular prep courses can help you study for both the essay and multiple choice sections. They run for several months and cost several thousand dollars.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the state bar examination and get sworn in.\", \"描述\": \"Swearing in usually happens a month or so after the bar exam results have been released.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Building Your Immigration Law Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seek employment opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"You can apply to work at the immigration law firm or immigration agency you interned at during law school. Renew your contacts. Ideally, you should have regularly kept in touch.\\nSchedule informational interviews as a way to establish new connections.\\nYou can find a job online, through networking or through classified advertisements. Also, your law school career center should have leads or tips for finding work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start your own firm.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are admitted to a state bar, you are qualified to hang out a shingle and work for yourself.\\nTo open a firm, you will need to incorporate, either as a limited liability company (LLC) or as a professional corporation (PC). Forms are available from the Secretary of State's office.\\nYou typically need to register with your state Supreme Court.\\nGet your name out there! Building a website is a great way to raise awareness of your firm. Be sure to make it multi-lingual.\\nKeep in touch with former employers. If they have a conflict which prevent them from working on a case, they may refer it to you.\\nIf you start your own firm, you must be able to support yourself financially for a year or two with either limited or no income. While your practice may take off quickly, it may also be a year or two before you can take home a salary.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Think about practicing in a different field for a while.\", \"描述\": \"Immigration issues crop up in a variety of fields, for example in employment law or in family law. Gaining experience in these other areas can be a way to pay your bills while waiting for immigration matters to come your way.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue to build skills.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to language skills, successful immigration lawyers excel at listening, public speaking, and debating. They must also have detailed knowledge of the immigration code.\\nConsistently learn and gain relevant experience to the point were you re fairly competent.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Although law schools are typically looking for students who have excellent undergraduate grades, high LSAT scores and work experience, each school places different weight on these factors. Thus, you may gain admission even if you don't have stellar grades or a high LSAT score.\\n\", \"Law schools also place a lot of weight on the amount of volunteer work you do before, during and after you are working on your undergraduate degree.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Being an immigration attorney is a big responsibility. Make sure you know what you're getting yourself into before making a huge commitment.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,013 |
How to Become an Immigration Officer
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1. Meeting Job Qualifications
1-1. Spend some time in the United States.
To be an immigration officer you not only need to be a U.S. citizen, you must have spent three of the past five years in the United States. If you have been abroad for a long while, you might need to spend some time in the country before applying.
1-2. Obtain a valid driver's license.
You will need a valid driver’s license to apply. You will also need to maintain a clean driving record. Be safe and careful while driving.
1-3. Stay out of trouble.
In addition to having a clean driving record, you also need a clean criminal record. As with most law enforcement, certain misdemeanor infractions can be excused, but felonies will immediately disqualify you. Either way, the cleaner your record, the more competitive your application will be.
1-4. Maintain physical fitness.
Immigration officers might be required to chase and apprehend people much as a police officer would. When applying, you will be asked to perform a physical fitness test to determine your edibility. Your training should prepare you to perform pushups and endurance cardio.
Do not push yourself so hard that you get hurt and disqualify yourself from the job. Slowly work up to more rigorous exercise regimes.
1-5. Obtain a bachelor's degree in a relevant field.
As an immigration officer you will be required to read and understand the laws that you enforce. To be qualified you should complete a four-year degree, preferably in a field that pertains to government or public service. Good options include Political Science, Criminal Justice, and Homeland Security.
1-6. Learn more languages.
In the course of your job, you will be required to interact with people who do not speak English. Speaking a second, or even third, language could be an important asset and give you a huge leg up when applying for a job.
To prove your fluency, you should try to take language courses while in college. If you have already graduated, consider taking additional language courses at a local community college. You will have proof that you have mastered the subject, and course fees are typically low.
1-7. Stay mentally alert.
You will be required to take a written test similar to the SAT when applying to work as an immigration officer. The test will ask you to interpret text, perform basic mathematical functions, and correct grammatical mistakes.
Read complex texts, perhaps high literature, on a regular basis so that you have practice understanding difficult language.
You should be able to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, operations with fractions and mixed numbers, percentages, ratios, proportions, probability problems, rate problems, averages. You should also be able to solve for unknown quantities, answer word problems, and calculate area.
1-8. Work for the federal government.
Preference in hiring is given to applicants who have experience working with the federal government, the military, Vista, and the Peace Corp. Veterans and federal employees with at least three years’ consecutive experience get lifetime preference.
In contrast, Peace Corp Volunteers get one year’s preference and Peace Corp employees get three years’ non-competitive eligibility.
Less than three years’ consecutive experience of federal employment qualifies you for three years’ reinstatement eligibility.
1-9. Don’t wait too long.
To become an Immigration Officer you must be under 40 years of age. You can continue working after that age, however, you must begin your term of employment by the age of 39.
2. Applying to be an Immigration Officer
2-1. Search USAJOBS.
USAJOBS is the online hub for employment opportunities with the federal government. Search “Immigration” and read all vacancy announcements with care.
2-2. Apply through USAJOBS.
Apply to be either a special agent, a deportation officer, or a detention and deportation officer, depending on your interests. Once you have picked a position, follow the directions on the USAJOBS website. Fill out all elements of the application completely and honestly.
Special agents are engaged in a variety of law enforcement issues, including criminal and terrorist investigations, and generally work in the field. Deportation officers tend to focus on immigration issues and violations of immigration law, and often conduct research in an office. Detention and deportation officers focus on removal operations.
2-3. Take the written test.
If you make it to the next phase of the process, you will be asked you to complete a series of tests that establish your eligibility. The written test is composed of three parts: Arithmetical Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Writing Skills.
In the Logical Reasoning Test, you will be asked to interpret complex texts. You should always assume that the text is correct. Never bring outside knowledge to the question. Your answer should be based exclusively on what you have been assigned to read in the question.
The Arithmetical Reasoning Test will require you to answer questions pertaining to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, mixed numbers, proportions, ratios, and area. You will also be asked to complete word problems.
The Writings Skills Test will ask you to correct grammatical errors. In order to do this, you should understand the way that parts of speech and clauses are properly used.
There is no penalty for guessing wrong. You should pick an answer for every question, even if you are unsure about the correct answer.
2-4. Sit for the oral examination.
The oral exam will assess your interest in the position, and suitability for law enforcement work. It will evaluate your communication skills, emotional maturity, reporting ability, and attention to detail.
You will also be provided with a photograph and asked to write a narrative report. The report will be judged according to organization, ideas, and grammar.
2-5. Pass the medical exam.
You will be required to take a medical test that includes sight and hearing. Bring medical information with you to the physical examination.
2-6. Take your fitness exam.
The Pre-employment Fitness Test is composed of three parts. It will be administered at the same location as your medical exam, but is considered a separate test. Failure to perform any part of the test correctly will make you ineligible for the job. #*You will be asked to perform a Kneel/Stand Test. You will assume several stances often used when firing a gun. With your arms extended as if you were pointing a firearm, you will make all 10 positions while maintaining proper posture. You will be expected to stay in a kneeling position for 2 minutes without interruption.
The Push-up Test requires that you perform 15 push-ups in a two-minute time span. You cannot break from push-up position during the test, though you can rest if you maintain pushup position. Improperly performed push-ups will not count.
The Step Test quires that you step on a 16” high step for a period of five minutes. You must do this at a cadence of 96 steps per minute. To measure your cadence, you will be expected to step in time with the beat of a CD that will played along with the test.
You should wear appropriate athletic attire, including gym shorts, T-shirt, water, and athletic shoes.
2-7. Undergo training.
After receiving a job offer, you will be required to perform additional training. You will be paid during the training period.
ICE training is an intensive academy where basic law enforcement skills and immigration-specific knowledge are taught. You will learn, among other things, how to use a firearm, how to conduct searches, and the legal aspects of various immigration issues.
Supplementary education will prepare you for your specific position and areas of interest. Additional training might include law enforcement and firearm skills, legal education, or even language instruction.
2-8. Continue to meet requirements after you accept your position.
Your job has only begun. You will be required to maintain your firearm readiness and physical fitness. You must also be flexible when asked to move to a new location.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Job Qualifications\\n1-1. Spend some time in the United States.\\nTo be an immigration officer you not only need to be a U.S. citizen, you must have spent three of the past five years in the United States. If you have been abroad for a long while, you might need to spend some time in the country before applying.\\n1-2. Obtain a valid driver's license.\\nYou will need a valid driver’s license to apply. You will also need to maintain a clean driving record. Be safe and careful while driving.\\n1-3. Stay out of trouble.\\nIn addition to having a clean driving record, you also need a clean criminal record. As with most law enforcement, certain misdemeanor infractions can be excused, but felonies will immediately disqualify you. Either way, the cleaner your record, the more competitive your application will be.\\n1-4. Maintain physical fitness.\\nImmigration officers might be required to chase and apprehend people much as a police officer would. When applying, you will be asked to perform a physical fitness test to determine your edibility. Your training should prepare you to perform pushups and endurance cardio.\\nDo not push yourself so hard that you get hurt and disqualify yourself from the job. Slowly work up to more rigorous exercise regimes.\\n1-5. Obtain a bachelor's degree in a relevant field.\\nAs an immigration officer you will be required to read and understand the laws that you enforce. To be qualified you should complete a four-year degree, preferably in a field that pertains to government or public service. Good options include Political Science, Criminal Justice, and Homeland Security.\\n1-6. Learn more languages.\\nIn the course of your job, you will be required to interact with people who do not speak English. Speaking a second, or even third, language could be an important asset and give you a huge leg up when applying for a job.\\nTo prove your fluency, you should try to take language courses while in college. If you have already graduated, consider taking additional language courses at a local community college. You will have proof that you have mastered the subject, and course fees are typically low.\\n1-7. Stay mentally alert.\\nYou will be required to take a written test similar to the SAT when applying to work as an immigration officer. The test will ask you to interpret text, perform basic mathematical functions, and correct grammatical mistakes.\\nRead complex texts, perhaps high literature, on a regular basis so that you have practice understanding difficult language.\\nYou should be able to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, operations with fractions and mixed numbers, percentages, ratios, proportions, probability problems, rate problems, averages. You should also be able to solve for unknown quantities, answer word problems, and calculate area.\\n1-8. Work for the federal government.\\nPreference in hiring is given to applicants who have experience working with the federal government, the military, Vista, and the Peace Corp. Veterans and federal employees with at least three years’ consecutive experience get lifetime preference.\\nIn contrast, Peace Corp Volunteers get one year’s preference and Peace Corp employees get three years’ non-competitive eligibility.\\nLess than three years’ consecutive experience of federal employment qualifies you for three years’ reinstatement eligibility.\\n1-9. Don’t wait too long.\\nTo become an Immigration Officer you must be under 40 years of age. You can continue working after that age, however, you must begin your term of employment by the age of 39.\\n2. Applying to be an Immigration Officer\\n2-1. Search USAJOBS.\\nUSAJOBS is the online hub for employment opportunities with the federal government. Search “Immigration” and read all vacancy announcements with care.\\n2-2. Apply through USAJOBS.\\nApply to be either a special agent, a deportation officer, or a detention and deportation officer, depending on your interests. Once you have picked a position, follow the directions on the USAJOBS website. Fill out all elements of the application completely and honestly.\\nSpecial agents are engaged in a variety of law enforcement issues, including criminal and terrorist investigations, and generally work in the field. Deportation officers tend to focus on immigration issues and violations of immigration law, and often conduct research in an office. Detention and deportation officers focus on removal operations.\\n2-3. Take the written test.\\nIf you make it to the next phase of the process, you will be asked you to complete a series of tests that establish your eligibility. The written test is composed of three parts: Arithmetical Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Writing Skills.\\nIn the Logical Reasoning Test, you will be asked to interpret complex texts. You should always assume that the text is correct. Never bring outside knowledge to the question. Your answer should be based exclusively on what you have been assigned to read in the question.\\nThe Arithmetical Reasoning Test will require you to answer questions pertaining to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, mixed numbers, proportions, ratios, and area. You will also be asked to complete word problems.\\nThe Writings Skills Test will ask you to correct grammatical errors. In order to do this, you should understand the way that parts of speech and clauses are properly used.\\nThere is no penalty for guessing wrong. You should pick an answer for every question, even if you are unsure about the correct answer.\\n2-4. Sit for the oral examination.\\nThe oral exam will assess your interest in the position, and suitability for law enforcement work. It will evaluate your communication skills, emotional maturity, reporting ability, and attention to detail.\\nYou will also be provided with a photograph and asked to write a narrative report. The report will be judged according to organization, ideas, and grammar.\\n2-5. Pass the medical exam.\\nYou will be required to take a medical test that includes sight and hearing. Bring medical information with you to the physical examination.\\n2-6. Take your fitness exam.\\nThe Pre-employment Fitness Test is composed of three parts. It will be administered at the same location as your medical exam, but is considered a separate test. Failure to perform any part of the test correctly will make you ineligible for the job. #*You will be asked to perform a Kneel/Stand Test. You will assume several stances often used when firing a gun. With your arms extended as if you were pointing a firearm, you will make all 10 positions while maintaining proper posture. You will be expected to stay in a kneeling position for 2 minutes without interruption.\\nThe Push-up Test requires that you perform 15 push-ups in a two-minute time span. You cannot break from push-up position during the test, though you can rest if you maintain pushup position. Improperly performed push-ups will not count.\\nThe Step Test quires that you step on a 16” high step for a period of five minutes. You must do this at a cadence of 96 steps per minute. To measure your cadence, you will be expected to step in time with the beat of a CD that will played along with the test.\\nYou should wear appropriate athletic attire, including gym shorts, T-shirt, water, and athletic shoes.\\n2-7. Undergo training.\\nAfter receiving a job offer, you will be required to perform additional training. You will be paid during the training period. \\nICE training is an intensive academy where basic law enforcement skills and immigration-specific knowledge are taught. You will learn, among other things, how to use a firearm, how to conduct searches, and the legal aspects of various immigration issues.\\nSupplementary education will prepare you for your specific position and areas of interest. Additional training might include law enforcement and firearm skills, legal education, or even language instruction.\\n2-8. Continue to meet requirements after you accept your position.\\nYour job has only begun. You will be required to maintain your firearm readiness and physical fitness. You must also be flexible when asked to move to a new location.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"An immigration officer is a government employee who enforces laws relating to immigration, borders, and customs. As specialized law enforcement agents, immigration officers are required to have both basic police skills and specific knowledge of international trade and immigration issues. Although risky, this line of employment can be rewarding and comes with good job benefits, including early retirement.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Job Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spend some time in the United States.\", \"描述\": \"To be an immigration officer you not only need to be a U.S. citizen, you must have spent three of the past five years in the United States. If you have been abroad for a long while, you might need to spend some time in the country before applying.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain a valid driver's license.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a valid driver’s license to apply. You will also need to maintain a clean driving record. Be safe and careful while driving.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay out of trouble.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to having a clean driving record, you also need a clean criminal record. As with most law enforcement, certain misdemeanor infractions can be excused, but felonies will immediately disqualify you. Either way, the cleaner your record, the more competitive your application will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Maintain physical fitness.\", \"描述\": \"Immigration officers might be required to chase and apprehend people much as a police officer would. When applying, you will be asked to perform a physical fitness test to determine your edibility. Your training should prepare you to perform pushups and endurance cardio.\\nDo not push yourself so hard that you get hurt and disqualify yourself from the job. Slowly work up to more rigorous exercise regimes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor's degree in a relevant field.\", \"描述\": \"As an immigration officer you will be required to read and understand the laws that you enforce. To be qualified you should complete a four-year degree, preferably in a field that pertains to government or public service. Good options include Political Science, Criminal Justice, and Homeland Security.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Learn more languages.\", \"描述\": \"In the course of your job, you will be required to interact with people who do not speak English. Speaking a second, or even third, language could be an important asset and give you a huge leg up when applying for a job.\\nTo prove your fluency, you should try to take language courses while in college. If you have already graduated, consider taking additional language courses at a local community college. You will have proof that you have mastered the subject, and course fees are typically low.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stay mentally alert.\", \"描述\": \"You will be required to take a written test similar to the SAT when applying to work as an immigration officer. The test will ask you to interpret text, perform basic mathematical functions, and correct grammatical mistakes.\\nRead complex texts, perhaps high literature, on a regular basis so that you have practice understanding difficult language.\\nYou should be able to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, operations with fractions and mixed numbers, percentages, ratios, proportions, probability problems, rate problems, averages. You should also be able to solve for unknown quantities, answer word problems, and calculate area.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Work for the federal government.\", \"描述\": \"Preference in hiring is given to applicants who have experience working with the federal government, the military, Vista, and the Peace Corp. Veterans and federal employees with at least three years’ consecutive experience get lifetime preference.\\nIn contrast, Peace Corp Volunteers get one year’s preference and Peace Corp employees get three years’ non-competitive eligibility.\\nLess than three years’ consecutive experience of federal employment qualifies you for three years’ reinstatement eligibility.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Don’t wait too long.\", \"描述\": \"To become an Immigration Officer you must be under 40 years of age. You can continue working after that age, however, you must begin your term of employment by the age of 39.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying to be an Immigration Officer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Search USAJOBS.\", \"描述\": \"USAJOBS is the online hub for employment opportunities with the federal government. Search “Immigration” and read all vacancy announcements with care.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply through USAJOBS.\", \"描述\": \"Apply to be either a special agent, a deportation officer, or a detention and deportation officer, depending on your interests. Once you have picked a position, follow the directions on the USAJOBS website. Fill out all elements of the application completely and honestly.\\nSpecial agents are engaged in a variety of law enforcement issues, including criminal and terrorist investigations, and generally work in the field. Deportation officers tend to focus on immigration issues and violations of immigration law, and often conduct research in an office. Detention and deportation officers focus on removal operations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the written test.\", \"描述\": \"If you make it to the next phase of the process, you will be asked you to complete a series of tests that establish your eligibility. The written test is composed of three parts: Arithmetical Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Writing Skills.\\nIn the Logical Reasoning Test, you will be asked to interpret complex texts. You should always assume that the text is correct. Never bring outside knowledge to the question. Your answer should be based exclusively on what you have been assigned to read in the question.\\nThe Arithmetical Reasoning Test will require you to answer questions pertaining to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, mixed numbers, proportions, ratios, and area. You will also be asked to complete word problems.\\nThe Writings Skills Test will ask you to correct grammatical errors. In order to do this, you should understand the way that parts of speech and clauses are properly used.\\nThere is no penalty for guessing wrong. You should pick an answer for every question, even if you are unsure about the correct answer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sit for the oral examination.\", \"描述\": \"The oral exam will assess your interest in the position, and suitability for law enforcement work. It will evaluate your communication skills, emotional maturity, reporting ability, and attention to detail.\\nYou will also be provided with a photograph and asked to write a narrative report. The report will be judged according to organization, ideas, and grammar.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the medical exam.\", \"描述\": \"You will be required to take a medical test that includes sight and hearing. Bring medical information with you to the physical examination.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take your fitness exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Pre-employment Fitness Test is composed of three parts. It will be administered at the same location as your medical exam, but is considered a separate test. Failure to perform any part of the test correctly will make you ineligible for the job. #*You will be asked to perform a Kneel/Stand Test. You will assume several stances often used when firing a gun. With your arms extended as if you were pointing a firearm, you will make all 10 positions while maintaining proper posture. You will be expected to stay in a kneeling position for 2 minutes without interruption.\\nThe Push-up Test requires that you perform 15 push-ups in a two-minute time span. You cannot break from push-up position during the test, though you can rest if you maintain pushup position. Improperly performed push-ups will not count.\\nThe Step Test quires that you step on a 16” high step for a period of five minutes. You must do this at a cadence of 96 steps per minute. To measure your cadence, you will be expected to step in time with the beat of a CD that will played along with the test.\\nYou should wear appropriate athletic attire, including gym shorts, T-shirt, water, and athletic shoes.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Undergo training.\", \"描述\": \"After receiving a job offer, you will be required to perform additional training. You will be paid during the training period. \\nICE training is an intensive academy where basic law enforcement skills and immigration-specific knowledge are taught. You will learn, among other things, how to use a firearm, how to conduct searches, and the legal aspects of various immigration issues.\\nSupplementary education will prepare you for your specific position and areas of interest. Additional training might include law enforcement and firearm skills, legal education, or even language instruction.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Continue to meet requirements after you accept your position.\", \"描述\": \"Your job has only begun. You will be required to maintain your firearm readiness and physical fitness. You must also be flexible when asked to move to a new location.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,014 |
How to Become an Improved Version of Yourself
|
1. Steps
1-1. Have the will to change.
Be willing to change and actually put some thought and effort into the idea because when there’s a will, there’s a way.
1-2. Stop making excuses.
You can’t expect to change if you keep making excuses for anything that goes wrong with you, because you won’t see anything that needs to be changed with you that way. Take accountability for your actions and take responsibility for your decisions. Don't blame anyone or anything for your mistakes. Instead, try to learn from your mistakes, which in turn will help you to become a better person.
1-3. Stop being angry.
If you let yourself be angry, your anger will modify your decision-making ability and you’ll start making decisions that aren’t very rational. Anger is also known for damaging relationships and negatively affects your health. So, if you let it overtake you, it’ll prevent you from improving yourself. It might even get into trouble. While controlling anger is a difficult task, if you try your best to do so, you will benefit from great rewards.
1-4. Be more self-aware.
In order to become a better person, learn to notice yourself and know how you behave in different situations. Then you’ll know when to improve yourself if you do something improperly, and continue to do what you’re doing right. This point is very important because you can’t be a better person if you don’t know what you should improve of yourself in the first place.
1-5. Love yourself.
When you love yourself, you’ll want what’s best for it. Thus, you’ll look for whatever can make it comfortable and content. Learn to accept yourself for who you are and only then will you be able to enhance it and feel better. Tell yourself that you’re kind and compassionate, that you’re worthy and important, anything that would make you feel loved and accepted by yourself. You should start by loving yourself because you won’t be able to love other people if you don’t love yourself first.
1-6. Set goals for yourself.
Every person should have a certain aim in life. Every person has skills to contribute to the society in which they live. For that reason, set goals and objectives for yourself to conquer. Write them down in a note on your phone or on a journal you keep at hand. Every time you accomplish a goal, you’ll objectively learn more about yourself and figure out more ways of self-improvement.
Take some to define what success means to you, and what it will look and feel like when you achieve it. From there, create a list of the different ways you can achieve this success. Then, narrow down your list to the 3-5 options that you're most energized to go after.
1-7. Be thankful and appreciative.
Be thankful and appreciate what you have instead of obsessing over what you wish you had. Also thank people for whatever good they do to you and appreciate their thought and effort.
1-8. Be a role model.
Being a role model to someone will encourage you to constantly strive for the better because you wouldn’t want to disappoint whoever is looking up to you. You will always find ways to improve yourself and be more careful in how you behave because you’ll always want to set a good example to others. For example, as a parent, be a role model to your children, so that they’ll try their best to make decisions and take actions that their children will respect.
1-9. Practice self-control.
Learn to balance your work life and your life outside-of-work life. This balance is necessary so that you don’t get bored if you only focus on work or if you just sit down and enjoy your pleasures. If you get bored, you won’t be satisfied, and hence, you won’t feel good about yourself. Remember, everything has its own time.
1-10. Control your anger and jealousy.
Anger and jealousy are very common human traits. But they are unpleasing and self-destructive if they get out of control. Again, you’ll be hurting yourself before others when you get angry at or jealous of someone, hence, being unhappy and dissatisfied.
Try not to compare yourself to others and think they are better than you. Instead remember that there are so many people who are unfortunate and that you have better circumstances than them. That would help a lot.
Also, try not to get easily angered by anything, but if you do, try to forgive who ever angered you. This doesn’t mean that you’re weak and that it’ll be like nothing bad ever happened; on the contrary, what happened still happened but you’re strong enough to relieve yourself from the heavy weight that was keeping you down, now letting you heal.
1-11. Forgive.
When someone hurts you, try to forgive them. That might be hard but just try. If you don’t forgive them for whatever they did and hold that against them for the rest of your life, you’ll just be hurting yourself more because it’s unhealthy to hold a grudge. That will only affect your body and mind negatively.
1-12. Listen.
It’s very important to listen to people. Sometimes when you listen carefully, you’ll learn things that you wouldn’t have known if you haven’t given an ear to it. Although people these days are always busy and in a rush, try to make some time to listen to others because it will definitely affect your life positively.
1-13. Be honest.
Being honest is one of the most important characteristics of a good person. When you’re honest, you’ll feel better about yourself and people will trust you more because you won’t tell any lies; you’ll be straightforward. This way, you’ll feel comfortable about everything you say or do since you know that you’re not hiding anything and everything is clear and simple.
1-14. Be helpful.
Helping others is one of the best ways to make you a better person. When you help someone in need you will feel a sense of self-contentment and be satisfied by your achievement. You will realize that what you do is worth something to other people and that you are bringing about good deeds with your help.
1-15. Do things that you usually don’t do.
Sometimes, there are things that you normally wouldn’t think of doing. You just don’t want to take that risk. However, doing those things that you usually wouldn’t do would increase your chance of becoming a better person because you’ll be challenging yourself to try something new, something you might have been scared of in the past. Be open-minded and try to get over your fears and doubts.
1-16. Make people happy.
Make the people that you love, or any random person you might encounter in your day, happy. Make them smile. A very rewarding feeling is knowing that you made someone happy. Think of different creative ways that would impress someone every now and then. You’ll feel very satisfied with yourself.
1-17. Show people that you care.
It’s nice to know that someone cares about you, don’t you think? Knowing that allows you to acknowledge that showing people that you care about them will make them feel happy, and hence, makes you happy. You can show that by exclusively telling them that “I care about you” but it’s more genuine to let them conclude that by your own actions toward them. Do something nice for them, help them with something they need to do, any small act would serve this purpose.
1-18. Give to others.
What you give to others is what truly remains with you because it creates a more harmonious community and people who trust you. It has its own kind of reward that will help to make you feel gratified and fulfilled. So, give charity to the needy. It doesn’t have to be very big. Any small contribution will count.
1-19. Explore your talents.
Are you aware of a skill or talent that you excel at? If you are, put some effort on enhancing it. Do you think that you don’t have one? Well, everybody has something they’re good at. If you think that you’re not good at something in particular, you just haven’t found it yet. Explore your talents. Try to look for activities that you might be interested in and turn out being very skillful at. When you do find your talents, be sure to enrich and practice them. You might even earn a living by them.
1-20. Do what you love.
Even if you have a job that pays a lot of money, if you don’t love what you do, you won’t be happy. Who wants to spend their life in a job they hate? And even if you can’t always turn your hobby into your life career, you should at least make some time to practice it. Hence, you won’t feel that your life is empty if you don’t do what you love.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Have the will to change.\\nBe willing to change and actually put some thought and effort into the idea because when there’s a will, there’s a way.\\n1-2. Stop making excuses.\\nYou can’t expect to change if you keep making excuses for anything that goes wrong with you, because you won’t see anything that needs to be changed with you that way. Take accountability for your actions and take responsibility for your decisions. Don't blame anyone or anything for your mistakes. Instead, try to learn from your mistakes, which in turn will help you to become a better person.\\n1-3. Stop being angry.\\nIf you let yourself be angry, your anger will modify your decision-making ability and you’ll start making decisions that aren’t very rational. Anger is also known for damaging relationships and negatively affects your health. So, if you let it overtake you, it’ll prevent you from improving yourself. It might even get into trouble. While controlling anger is a difficult task, if you try your best to do so, you will benefit from great rewards.\\n1-4. Be more self-aware.\\nIn order to become a better person, learn to notice yourself and know how you behave in different situations. Then you’ll know when to improve yourself if you do something improperly, and continue to do what you’re doing right. This point is very important because you can’t be a better person if you don’t know what you should improve of yourself in the first place.\\n1-5. Love yourself.\\nWhen you love yourself, you’ll want what’s best for it. Thus, you’ll look for whatever can make it comfortable and content. Learn to accept yourself for who you are and only then will you be able to enhance it and feel better. Tell yourself that you’re kind and compassionate, that you’re worthy and important, anything that would make you feel loved and accepted by yourself. You should start by loving yourself because you won’t be able to love other people if you don’t love yourself first.\\n1-6. Set goals for yourself.\\nEvery person should have a certain aim in life. Every person has skills to contribute to the society in which they live. For that reason, set goals and objectives for yourself to conquer. Write them down in a note on your phone or on a journal you keep at hand. Every time you accomplish a goal, you’ll objectively learn more about yourself and figure out more ways of self-improvement.\\nTake some to define what success means to you, and what it will look and feel like when you achieve it. From there, create a list of the different ways you can achieve this success. Then, narrow down your list to the 3-5 options that you're most energized to go after.\\n1-7. Be thankful and appreciative.\\nBe thankful and appreciate what you have instead of obsessing over what you wish you had. Also thank people for whatever good they do to you and appreciate their thought and effort.\\n1-8. Be a role model.\\nBeing a role model to someone will encourage you to constantly strive for the better because you wouldn’t want to disappoint whoever is looking up to you. You will always find ways to improve yourself and be more careful in how you behave because you’ll always want to set a good example to others. For example, as a parent, be a role model to your children, so that they’ll try their best to make decisions and take actions that their children will respect.\\n1-9. Practice self-control.\\nLearn to balance your work life and your life outside-of-work life. This balance is necessary so that you don’t get bored if you only focus on work or if you just sit down and enjoy your pleasures. If you get bored, you won’t be satisfied, and hence, you won’t feel good about yourself. Remember, everything has its own time.\\n1-10. Control your anger and jealousy.\\nAnger and jealousy are very common human traits. But they are unpleasing and self-destructive if they get out of control. Again, you’ll be hurting yourself before others when you get angry at or jealous of someone, hence, being unhappy and dissatisfied.\\nTry not to compare yourself to others and think they are better than you. Instead remember that there are so many people who are unfortunate and that you have better circumstances than them. That would help a lot.\\nAlso, try not to get easily angered by anything, but if you do, try to forgive who ever angered you. This doesn’t mean that you’re weak and that it’ll be like nothing bad ever happened; on the contrary, what happened still happened but you’re strong enough to relieve yourself from the heavy weight that was keeping you down, now letting you heal.\\n1-11. Forgive.\\nWhen someone hurts you, try to forgive them. That might be hard but just try. If you don’t forgive them for whatever they did and hold that against them for the rest of your life, you’ll just be hurting yourself more because it’s unhealthy to hold a grudge. That will only affect your body and mind negatively.\\n1-12. Listen.\\nIt’s very important to listen to people. Sometimes when you listen carefully, you’ll learn things that you wouldn’t have known if you haven’t given an ear to it. Although people these days are always busy and in a rush, try to make some time to listen to others because it will definitely affect your life positively.\\n1-13. Be honest.\\nBeing honest is one of the most important characteristics of a good person. When you’re honest, you’ll feel better about yourself and people will trust you more because you won’t tell any lies; you’ll be straightforward. This way, you’ll feel comfortable about everything you say or do since you know that you’re not hiding anything and everything is clear and simple.\\n1-14. Be helpful.\\nHelping others is one of the best ways to make you a better person. When you help someone in need you will feel a sense of self-contentment and be satisfied by your achievement. You will realize that what you do is worth something to other people and that you are bringing about good deeds with your help.\\n1-15. Do things that you usually don’t do.\\nSometimes, there are things that you normally wouldn’t think of doing. You just don’t want to take that risk. However, doing those things that you usually wouldn’t do would increase your chance of becoming a better person because you’ll be challenging yourself to try something new, something you might have been scared of in the past. Be open-minded and try to get over your fears and doubts.\\n1-16. Make people happy.\\nMake the people that you love, or any random person you might encounter in your day, happy. Make them smile. A very rewarding feeling is knowing that you made someone happy. Think of different creative ways that would impress someone every now and then. You’ll feel very satisfied with yourself.\\n1-17. Show people that you care.\\nIt’s nice to know that someone cares about you, don’t you think? Knowing that allows you to acknowledge that showing people that you care about them will make them feel happy, and hence, makes you happy. You can show that by exclusively telling them that “I care about you” but it’s more genuine to let them conclude that by your own actions toward them. Do something nice for them, help them with something they need to do, any small act would serve this purpose.\\n1-18. Give to others.\\nWhat you give to others is what truly remains with you because it creates a more harmonious community and people who trust you. It has its own kind of reward that will help to make you feel gratified and fulfilled. So, give charity to the needy. It doesn’t have to be very big. Any small contribution will count.\\n1-19. Explore your talents.\\nAre you aware of a skill or talent that you excel at? If you are, put some effort on enhancing it. Do you think that you don’t have one? Well, everybody has something they’re good at. If you think that you’re not good at something in particular, you just haven’t found it yet. Explore your talents. Try to look for activities that you might be interested in and turn out being very skillful at. When you do find your talents, be sure to enrich and practice them. You might even earn a living by them.\\n1-20. Do what you love.\\nEven if you have a job that pays a lot of money, if you don’t love what you do, you won’t be happy. Who wants to spend their life in a job they hate? And even if you can’t always turn your hobby into your life career, you should at least make some time to practice it. Hence, you won’t feel that your life is empty if you don’t do what you love.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a better version of yourself can help you lead a happier and more successful life. In this article, we'll show you strategies you can use in your everyday life to help you become the best version of yourself. You don’t have use the strategies in any particular order, of course. You won’t giving this tips a try, even if it takes you some time to carry them out.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have the will to change.\", \"描述\": \"Be willing to change and actually put some thought and effort into the idea because when there’s a will, there’s a way.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stop making excuses.\", \"描述\": \"You can’t expect to change if you keep making excuses for anything that goes wrong with you, because you won’t see anything that needs to be changed with you that way. Take accountability for your actions and take responsibility for your decisions. Don't blame anyone or anything for your mistakes. Instead, try to learn from your mistakes, which in turn will help you to become a better person.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stop being angry.\", \"描述\": \"If you let yourself be angry, your anger will modify your decision-making ability and you’ll start making decisions that aren’t very rational. Anger is also known for damaging relationships and negatively affects your health. So, if you let it overtake you, it’ll prevent you from improving yourself. It might even get into trouble. While controlling anger is a difficult task, if you try your best to do so, you will benefit from great rewards.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be more self-aware.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a better person, learn to notice yourself and know how you behave in different situations. Then you’ll know when to improve yourself if you do something improperly, and continue to do what you’re doing right. This point is very important because you can’t be a better person if you don’t know what you should improve of yourself in the first place.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Love yourself.\", \"描述\": \"When you love yourself, you’ll want what’s best for it. Thus, you’ll look for whatever can make it comfortable and content. Learn to accept yourself for who you are and only then will you be able to enhance it and feel better. Tell yourself that you’re kind and compassionate, that you’re worthy and important, anything that would make you feel loved and accepted by yourself. You should start by loving yourself because you won’t be able to love other people if you don’t love yourself first.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Set goals for yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Every person should have a certain aim in life. Every person has skills to contribute to the society in which they live. For that reason, set goals and objectives for yourself to conquer. Write them down in a note on your phone or on a journal you keep at hand. Every time you accomplish a goal, you’ll objectively learn more about yourself and figure out more ways of self-improvement.\\nTake some to define what success means to you, and what it will look and feel like when you achieve it. From there, create a list of the different ways you can achieve this success. Then, narrow down your list to the 3-5 options that you're most energized to go after.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be thankful and appreciative.\", \"描述\": \"Be thankful and appreciate what you have instead of obsessing over what you wish you had. Also thank people for whatever good they do to you and appreciate their thought and effort.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be a role model.\", \"描述\": \"Being a role model to someone will encourage you to constantly strive for the better because you wouldn’t want to disappoint whoever is looking up to you. You will always find ways to improve yourself and be more careful in how you behave because you’ll always want to set a good example to others. For example, as a parent, be a role model to your children, so that they’ll try their best to make decisions and take actions that their children will respect.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Practice self-control.\", \"描述\": \"Learn to balance your work life and your life outside-of-work life. This balance is necessary so that you don’t get bored if you only focus on work or if you just sit down and enjoy your pleasures. If you get bored, you won’t be satisfied, and hence, you won’t feel good about yourself. Remember, everything has its own time.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Control your anger and jealousy.\", \"描述\": \"Anger and jealousy are very common human traits. But they are unpleasing and self-destructive if they get out of control. Again, you’ll be hurting yourself before others when you get angry at or jealous of someone, hence, being unhappy and dissatisfied.\\nTry not to compare yourself to others and think they are better than you. Instead remember that there are so many people who are unfortunate and that you have better circumstances than them. That would help a lot.\\nAlso, try not to get easily angered by anything, but if you do, try to forgive who ever angered you. This doesn’t mean that you’re weak and that it’ll be like nothing bad ever happened; on the contrary, what happened still happened but you’re strong enough to relieve yourself from the heavy weight that was keeping you down, now letting you heal.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Forgive.\", \"描述\": \"When someone hurts you, try to forgive them. That might be hard but just try. If you don’t forgive them for whatever they did and hold that against them for the rest of your life, you’ll just be hurting yourself more because it’s unhealthy to hold a grudge. That will only affect your body and mind negatively.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Listen.\", \"描述\": \"It’s very important to listen to people. Sometimes when you listen carefully, you’ll learn things that you wouldn’t have known if you haven’t given an ear to it. Although people these days are always busy and in a rush, try to make some time to listen to others because it will definitely affect your life positively.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Be honest.\", \"描述\": \"Being honest is one of the most important characteristics of a good person. When you’re honest, you’ll feel better about yourself and people will trust you more because you won’t tell any lies; you’ll be straightforward. This way, you’ll feel comfortable about everything you say or do since you know that you’re not hiding anything and everything is clear and simple.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Be helpful.\", \"描述\": \"Helping others is one of the best ways to make you a better person. When you help someone in need you will feel a sense of self-contentment and be satisfied by your achievement. You will realize that what you do is worth something to other people and that you are bringing about good deeds with your help.\"}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Do things that you usually don’t do.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, there are things that you normally wouldn’t think of doing. You just don’t want to take that risk. However, doing those things that you usually wouldn’t do would increase your chance of becoming a better person because you’ll be challenging yourself to try something new, something you might have been scared of in the past. Be open-minded and try to get over your fears and doubts.\"}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"Make people happy.\", \"描述\": \"Make the people that you love, or any random person you might encounter in your day, happy. Make them smile. A very rewarding feeling is knowing that you made someone happy. Think of different creative ways that would impress someone every now and then. You’ll feel very satisfied with yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 17, \"标题\": \"Show people that you care.\", \"描述\": \"It’s nice to know that someone cares about you, don’t you think? Knowing that allows you to acknowledge that showing people that you care about them will make them feel happy, and hence, makes you happy. You can show that by exclusively telling them that “I care about you” but it’s more genuine to let them conclude that by your own actions toward them. Do something nice for them, help them with something they need to do, any small act would serve this purpose.\"}, {\"编号\": 18, \"标题\": \"Give to others.\", \"描述\": \"What you give to others is what truly remains with you because it creates a more harmonious community and people who trust you. It has its own kind of reward that will help to make you feel gratified and fulfilled. So, give charity to the needy. It doesn’t have to be very big. Any small contribution will count.\"}, {\"编号\": 19, \"标题\": \"Explore your talents.\", \"描述\": \"Are you aware of a skill or talent that you excel at? If you are, put some effort on enhancing it. Do you think that you don’t have one? Well, everybody has something they’re good at. If you think that you’re not good at something in particular, you just haven’t found it yet. Explore your talents. Try to look for activities that you might be interested in and turn out being very skillful at. When you do find your talents, be sure to enrich and practice them. You might even earn a living by them.\"}, {\"编号\": 20, \"标题\": \"Do what you love.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you have a job that pays a lot of money, if you don’t love what you do, you won’t be happy. Who wants to spend their life in a job they hate? And even if you can’t always turn your hobby into your life career, you should at least make some time to practice it. Hence, you won’t feel that your life is empty if you don’t do what you love.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,015 |
How to Become an Independent Mortgage Broker
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1. Doing Research and Gaining Experience
1-1. Research the role of a mortgage broker.
Before you decide to become an independent mortgage broker, its important that you fully understand the role and responsibilities of the position. There are two types of mortgage brokers: residential mortgage brokers and commercial mortgage brokers. Residential brokers work with individual home buyers to help them get funding from lenders for their mortgage. Commercial brokers work with companies, on commission, to help them fund mortgages for commercial spaces.
In both specializations, your role is to advise your client on selecting the best loans for them from various lenders and to process loan applications. To process loan applications, you will need to obtain the client’s credit report or financial statements and confirm their income and assets.
To do this job well, you will also need an detailed understanding of government regulations around real estate financing to help your client decide if the property is worth purchasing.
You will also need to be willing to travel to meet clients and to meet lenders in person on a frequent basis.
1-2. Confirm you have your high school diploma or equivalent GED certification.
To be an independent mortgage broker, you should have your high school diploma. Though the industry prefers you have a bachelor’s degree or vocational certificate in business, finance, or economics, it is not required.
You will also need to get a mortgage broker license in most states and areas in order to become a mortgage broker recognized by lending institutions. You may also get certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers to improve on your mortgage broker abilities and knowledge.
As of 2012, the median salary for a mortgage broker was $67,000. However, this amount may fluctuate for independent mortgage brokers.
1-3. Consider getting experience as a real estate agent or a loan officer.
Experience in the real estate or banking industry will help you learn how to gather and analyze financial documents, use loan-underwriting software, and understand real estate market trends.
The demand for loan officers and real estate agents are expected to increase by 8% - 11 % from 2012 to 2022. Starting out in a growing job market can also help to boost your mortgage broker career.
2. Getting a Mortgage Broker License
2-1. Check the mortgage licensing laws in your state or area.
The regulations for mortgage brokers varies from state to state. Use an interactive map of the US to find the legislation in your state by clicking here. To get more details on the licensing laws in your state, you can also contact the National Association of Mortgage Brokers (NAMB).
Some states require mortgage brokers to have a mortgage license before they can become a broker and some states do not. There are also certain regulations, like whether a mortgage broker can process a loan on a client’s 1st and 2nd mortgages, and if a broker must have a physical office in the state to be a legal mortgage broker in that state.
With the growing number of independent mortgage brokers working online, the licensing laws are less strict around having a physical office, but some states require a mortgage broker license to broker mortgages for clients.
In Arizona, for example, all mortgage brokers must have a physical office in Arizona and the broker must be an Arizona resident. But in New York, a mortgage broker can work online from a remote location as long as she has proof of experience in mortgage brokering and recent, original credit reports.
2-2. Enroll in mortgage licensing courses and complete all courses.
Most states process mortgage licenses through the National Mortgage Licensing Center, which you can access online here. Approved courses for mortgage licensing are 20 hours or more and should contain three hours of Federal Law, three hours of Ethics, two hours of Non-traditional Mortgage Lending and 12 or more hours of elective, in addition to any specific content required in that state. You can take these courses online, from home.
The licensing fee through NMLS for a mortgage broker in most states is $1500. Most applications also require you to submit a Surety Bond of $10,000.
Some states also encourage mortgage brokers to get hands on experience in the industry, about three to five years total, before applying for their license.
2-3. Receive documentation proving you are now licensed.
Once you complete your coursework, you will receive documentation showing you are now a licensed mortgage broker. You can then use this license to show potential clients you have certified knowledge of the industry.
Many states also require licensed mortgage brokers to take continuing education classes once they have received their license, once a year, to keep their knowledge up to date.
2-4. Consider getting certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers.
There are three levels of certifications that you can receive are: entry-level (Certified Residential Mortgage Specialist), mid-level (Certified Mortgage Consultant), and advanced. These certifications will expand your existing knowledge of the loan process and the real estate industry, and will allow you to better serve your clients.
To apply for entry and mid-level certifications, you must have a certain amount of work experience and years in the industry. You will then take a multiple choice exam for each certification. Each certification expires after three years.
3. Establishing Your Broker Service
3-1. Get hands on experience in the industry.
Many mortgage brokers start at larger mortgage firms before branching out on their own. You could also gain experience in the mortgage arms of housing firms or banks to get a sense of the industry. Three to five years of experience at a larger firm is suggested before becoming an independent broker.
Another option is to join an online mortgage service like LendingTree.com and gaining experience in an online based company. This is a good option if you are thinking about maintaining an online based independent mortgage brokerage. However, services like LendingTree.com are structured, meaning you will have to deal with overhead and other expenses as a broker in a large organization.
3-2. Decide if you will have a physical location or an online based service.
Some states will not allow you to be a mortgage broker without a physical office or place of business, while other states allow brokers to exist online and work remotely from a home office. Check what your state allows and then decide if you would rather work from an office or from home.
Many independent mortgage brokers enjoy the flexibility of working remotely from a home office, communicating with clients online, and meeting clients in person in a casual setting. #*Some independent mortgage brokers only work part time hours, so they do not feel the need to rent out an office space.
3-3. Budget out your start up costs.
Your start up costs will depend on if you have an existing home office you are going to work from or if you are going to rent an office space. You will also need to budget for transportation to meet clients and lenders, as well as office supplies, and a computer. Your start up costs can range from $2,000 - $10,000, depending on your office set up and needed supplies.
Keep in mind most residential mortgage brokers make a profit by charging a broker fee that is between 1% and 2% of the mortgage. Most brokers charge the lenders this fee, but some broker may charge the borrower this fee if the mortgage brokering process is complex or the lending process requires specialized knowledge.
3-4. Find your first client.
Mortgage brokers work on commission via the lending institution that advances funds for the mortgage. The commission can range from several hundred dollars to thousands of dollars, based on the mortgage amount required by the client. In order to become profitable, you need to find and retain your clients. You want your clients to have a positive experience and to help them achieve their ideal mortgage, as they will then refer you to other potential clients.
Often, mortgage brokers will bring their existing relationships with lenders from their time at a larger firm into their independent operations. These lenders will then refer clients to the brokers and foster a healthy, mutually beneficial relationship.
Some mortgage brokers will charge more for difficult or more complex funding situations for clients, or they may charge a fee from the lending institution.
3-5. Build relationships with lending institutions and real estate agents.
The mortgage brokerage industry thrives on repeat business and referrals. Focus on fostering a goodwill relationship with the key touch points in the industry: the lending institutions and the real estate agents. If you successfully fund a complex mortgage for a client, your client will be happy and the lending institution will consider you a dependable and reliable mortgage broker.
Real estate agents can also help to connect you to clients if they consider you a solid broker who has a reputation for brokering mortgages successfully.
3-6. Consider learning other brokerage related skills.
As regulations around mortgage brokering shift and change, independent mortgage brokers must find ways to distinguish themselves and offer other skills to their clients. For example, an independent mortgage broker who is also a certified underwriter can help clients navigate tricky funding issues with the lending institution and be the go to broker for complex mortgages.
As well, an independent mortgage broker who offers exclusive customer service and one on one attention to clients will distinguish herself from a sea of other independent mortgage brokers who may not be able to provide detailed client care.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Doing Research and Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Research the role of a mortgage broker.\\nBefore you decide to become an independent mortgage broker, its important that you fully understand the role and responsibilities of the position. There are two types of mortgage brokers: residential mortgage brokers and commercial mortgage brokers. Residential brokers work with individual home buyers to help them get funding from lenders for their mortgage. Commercial brokers work with companies, on commission, to help them fund mortgages for commercial spaces.\\nIn both specializations, your role is to advise your client on selecting the best loans for them from various lenders and to process loan applications. To process loan applications, you will need to obtain the client’s credit report or financial statements and confirm their income and assets.\\nTo do this job well, you will also need an detailed understanding of government regulations around real estate financing to help your client decide if the property is worth purchasing.\\nYou will also need to be willing to travel to meet clients and to meet lenders in person on a frequent basis.\\n1-2. Confirm you have your high school diploma or equivalent GED certification.\\nTo be an independent mortgage broker, you should have your high school diploma. Though the industry prefers you have a bachelor’s degree or vocational certificate in business, finance, or economics, it is not required.\\nYou will also need to get a mortgage broker license in most states and areas in order to become a mortgage broker recognized by lending institutions. You may also get certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers to improve on your mortgage broker abilities and knowledge.\\nAs of 2012, the median salary for a mortgage broker was $67,000. However, this amount may fluctuate for independent mortgage brokers.\\n1-3. Consider getting experience as a real estate agent or a loan officer.\\nExperience in the real estate or banking industry will help you learn how to gather and analyze financial documents, use loan-underwriting software, and understand real estate market trends.\\nThe demand for loan officers and real estate agents are expected to increase by 8% - 11 % from 2012 to 2022. Starting out in a growing job market can also help to boost your mortgage broker career.\\n2. Getting a Mortgage Broker License\\n2-1. Check the mortgage licensing laws in your state or area.\\nThe regulations for mortgage brokers varies from state to state. Use an interactive map of the US to find the legislation in your state by clicking here. To get more details on the licensing laws in your state, you can also contact the National Association of Mortgage Brokers (NAMB).\\nSome states require mortgage brokers to have a mortgage license before they can become a broker and some states do not. There are also certain regulations, like whether a mortgage broker can process a loan on a client’s 1st and 2nd mortgages, and if a broker must have a physical office in the state to be a legal mortgage broker in that state.\\nWith the growing number of independent mortgage brokers working online, the licensing laws are less strict around having a physical office, but some states require a mortgage broker license to broker mortgages for clients.\\nIn Arizona, for example, all mortgage brokers must have a physical office in Arizona and the broker must be an Arizona resident. But in New York, a mortgage broker can work online from a remote location as long as she has proof of experience in mortgage brokering and recent, original credit reports.\\n2-2. Enroll in mortgage licensing courses and complete all courses.\\nMost states process mortgage licenses through the National Mortgage Licensing Center, which you can access online here. Approved courses for mortgage licensing are 20 hours or more and should contain three hours of Federal Law, three hours of Ethics, two hours of Non-traditional Mortgage Lending and 12 or more hours of elective, in addition to any specific content required in that state. You can take these courses online, from home.\\nThe licensing fee through NMLS for a mortgage broker in most states is $1500. Most applications also require you to submit a Surety Bond of $10,000.\\nSome states also encourage mortgage brokers to get hands on experience in the industry, about three to five years total, before applying for their license.\\n2-3. Receive documentation proving you are now licensed.\\nOnce you complete your coursework, you will receive documentation showing you are now a licensed mortgage broker. You can then use this license to show potential clients you have certified knowledge of the industry.\\nMany states also require licensed mortgage brokers to take continuing education classes once they have received their license, once a year, to keep their knowledge up to date.\\n2-4. Consider getting certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers.\\nThere are three levels of certifications that you can receive are: entry-level (Certified Residential Mortgage Specialist), mid-level (Certified Mortgage Consultant), and advanced. These certifications will expand your existing knowledge of the loan process and the real estate industry, and will allow you to better serve your clients.\\nTo apply for entry and mid-level certifications, you must have a certain amount of work experience and years in the industry. You will then take a multiple choice exam for each certification. Each certification expires after three years.\\n3. Establishing Your Broker Service\\n3-1. Get hands on experience in the industry.\\nMany mortgage brokers start at larger mortgage firms before branching out on their own. You could also gain experience in the mortgage arms of housing firms or banks to get a sense of the industry. Three to five years of experience at a larger firm is suggested before becoming an independent broker.\\nAnother option is to join an online mortgage service like LendingTree.com and gaining experience in an online based company. This is a good option if you are thinking about maintaining an online based independent mortgage brokerage. However, services like LendingTree.com are structured, meaning you will have to deal with overhead and other expenses as a broker in a large organization.\\n3-2. Decide if you will have a physical location or an online based service.\\nSome states will not allow you to be a mortgage broker without a physical office or place of business, while other states allow brokers to exist online and work remotely from a home office. Check what your state allows and then decide if you would rather work from an office or from home.\\nMany independent mortgage brokers enjoy the flexibility of working remotely from a home office, communicating with clients online, and meeting clients in person in a casual setting. #*Some independent mortgage brokers only work part time hours, so they do not feel the need to rent out an office space.\\n3-3. Budget out your start up costs.\\nYour start up costs will depend on if you have an existing home office you are going to work from or if you are going to rent an office space. You will also need to budget for transportation to meet clients and lenders, as well as office supplies, and a computer. Your start up costs can range from $2,000 - $10,000, depending on your office set up and needed supplies.\\nKeep in mind most residential mortgage brokers make a profit by charging a broker fee that is between 1% and 2% of the mortgage. Most brokers charge the lenders this fee, but some broker may charge the borrower this fee if the mortgage brokering process is complex or the lending process requires specialized knowledge.\\n3-4. Find your first client.\\nMortgage brokers work on commission via the lending institution that advances funds for the mortgage. The commission can range from several hundred dollars to thousands of dollars, based on the mortgage amount required by the client. In order to become profitable, you need to find and retain your clients. You want your clients to have a positive experience and to help them achieve their ideal mortgage, as they will then refer you to other potential clients.\\nOften, mortgage brokers will bring their existing relationships with lenders from their time at a larger firm into their independent operations. These lenders will then refer clients to the brokers and foster a healthy, mutually beneficial relationship.\\nSome mortgage brokers will charge more for difficult or more complex funding situations for clients, or they may charge a fee from the lending institution.\\n3-5. Build relationships with lending institutions and real estate agents.\\nThe mortgage brokerage industry thrives on repeat business and referrals. Focus on fostering a goodwill relationship with the key touch points in the industry: the lending institutions and the real estate agents. If you successfully fund a complex mortgage for a client, your client will be happy and the lending institution will consider you a dependable and reliable mortgage broker.\\nReal estate agents can also help to connect you to clients if they consider you a solid broker who has a reputation for brokering mortgages successfully.\\n3-6. Consider learning other brokerage related skills.\\nAs regulations around mortgage brokering shift and change, independent mortgage brokers must find ways to distinguish themselves and offer other skills to their clients. For example, an independent mortgage broker who is also a certified underwriter can help clients navigate tricky funding issues with the lending institution and be the go to broker for complex mortgages.\\nAs well, an independent mortgage broker who offers exclusive customer service and one on one attention to clients will distinguish herself from a sea of other independent mortgage brokers who may not be able to provide detailed client care.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A mortgage broker helps potential home owners with the financial side of things. A broker communicates with lending institutions and assists individuals with their real estate purchases, acting as the middleman between lenders and buyers. Becoming an independent mortgage broker, where you work for yourself and one on one with clients rather than through a mortgage brokering firm, can lead to a sustainable career. But you will need to get your mortgage broker license and use certain tactics to find clients and retain them.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Doing Research and Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the role of a mortgage broker.\", \"描述\": \"Before you decide to become an independent mortgage broker, its important that you fully understand the role and responsibilities of the position. There are two types of mortgage brokers: residential mortgage brokers and commercial mortgage brokers. Residential brokers work with individual home buyers to help them get funding from lenders for their mortgage. Commercial brokers work with companies, on commission, to help them fund mortgages for commercial spaces.\\nIn both specializations, your role is to advise your client on selecting the best loans for them from various lenders and to process loan applications. To process loan applications, you will need to obtain the client’s credit report or financial statements and confirm their income and assets.\\nTo do this job well, you will also need an detailed understanding of government regulations around real estate financing to help your client decide if the property is worth purchasing.\\nYou will also need to be willing to travel to meet clients and to meet lenders in person on a frequent basis.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Confirm you have your high school diploma or equivalent GED certification.\", \"描述\": \"To be an independent mortgage broker, you should have your high school diploma. Though the industry prefers you have a bachelor’s degree or vocational certificate in business, finance, or economics, it is not required.\\nYou will also need to get a mortgage broker license in most states and areas in order to become a mortgage broker recognized by lending institutions. You may also get certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers to improve on your mortgage broker abilities and knowledge.\\nAs of 2012, the median salary for a mortgage broker was $67,000. However, this amount may fluctuate for independent mortgage brokers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider getting experience as a real estate agent or a loan officer.\", \"描述\": \"Experience in the real estate or banking industry will help you learn how to gather and analyze financial documents, use loan-underwriting software, and understand real estate market trends.\\nThe demand for loan officers and real estate agents are expected to increase by 8% - 11 % from 2012 to 2022. Starting out in a growing job market can also help to boost your mortgage broker career.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting a Mortgage Broker License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check the mortgage licensing laws in your state or area.\", \"描述\": \"The regulations for mortgage brokers varies from state to state. Use an interactive map of the US to find the legislation in your state by clicking here. To get more details on the licensing laws in your state, you can also contact the National Association of Mortgage Brokers (NAMB).\\nSome states require mortgage brokers to have a mortgage license before they can become a broker and some states do not. There are also certain regulations, like whether a mortgage broker can process a loan on a client’s 1st and 2nd mortgages, and if a broker must have a physical office in the state to be a legal mortgage broker in that state.\\nWith the growing number of independent mortgage brokers working online, the licensing laws are less strict around having a physical office, but some states require a mortgage broker license to broker mortgages for clients.\\nIn Arizona, for example, all mortgage brokers must have a physical office in Arizona and the broker must be an Arizona resident. But in New York, a mortgage broker can work online from a remote location as long as she has proof of experience in mortgage brokering and recent, original credit reports.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in mortgage licensing courses and complete all courses.\", \"描述\": \"Most states process mortgage licenses through the National Mortgage Licensing Center, which you can access online here. Approved courses for mortgage licensing are 20 hours or more and should contain three hours of Federal Law, three hours of Ethics, two hours of Non-traditional Mortgage Lending and 12 or more hours of elective, in addition to any specific content required in that state. You can take these courses online, from home.\\nThe licensing fee through NMLS for a mortgage broker in most states is $1500. Most applications also require you to submit a Surety Bond of $10,000.\\nSome states also encourage mortgage brokers to get hands on experience in the industry, about three to five years total, before applying for their license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Receive documentation proving you are now licensed.\", \"描述\": \"Once you complete your coursework, you will receive documentation showing you are now a licensed mortgage broker. You can then use this license to show potential clients you have certified knowledge of the industry.\\nMany states also require licensed mortgage brokers to take continuing education classes once they have received their license, once a year, to keep their knowledge up to date.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider getting certifications through the National Association of Mortgage Brokers.\", \"描述\": \"There are three levels of certifications that you can receive are: entry-level (Certified Residential Mortgage Specialist), mid-level (Certified Mortgage Consultant), and advanced. These certifications will expand your existing knowledge of the loan process and the real estate industry, and will allow you to better serve your clients.\\nTo apply for entry and mid-level certifications, you must have a certain amount of work experience and years in the industry. You will then take a multiple choice exam for each certification. Each certification expires after three years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Establishing Your Broker Service\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get hands on experience in the industry.\", \"描述\": \"Many mortgage brokers start at larger mortgage firms before branching out on their own. You could also gain experience in the mortgage arms of housing firms or banks to get a sense of the industry. Three to five years of experience at a larger firm is suggested before becoming an independent broker.\\nAnother option is to join an online mortgage service like LendingTree.com and gaining experience in an online based company. This is a good option if you are thinking about maintaining an online based independent mortgage brokerage. However, services like LendingTree.com are structured, meaning you will have to deal with overhead and other expenses as a broker in a large organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you will have a physical location or an online based service.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will not allow you to be a mortgage broker without a physical office or place of business, while other states allow brokers to exist online and work remotely from a home office. Check what your state allows and then decide if you would rather work from an office or from home.\\nMany independent mortgage brokers enjoy the flexibility of working remotely from a home office, communicating with clients online, and meeting clients in person in a casual setting. #*Some independent mortgage brokers only work part time hours, so they do not feel the need to rent out an office space.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Budget out your start up costs.\", \"描述\": \"Your start up costs will depend on if you have an existing home office you are going to work from or if you are going to rent an office space. You will also need to budget for transportation to meet clients and lenders, as well as office supplies, and a computer. Your start up costs can range from $2,000 - $10,000, depending on your office set up and needed supplies.\\nKeep in mind most residential mortgage brokers make a profit by charging a broker fee that is between 1% and 2% of the mortgage. Most brokers charge the lenders this fee, but some broker may charge the borrower this fee if the mortgage brokering process is complex or the lending process requires specialized knowledge.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find your first client.\", \"描述\": \"Mortgage brokers work on commission via the lending institution that advances funds for the mortgage. The commission can range from several hundred dollars to thousands of dollars, based on the mortgage amount required by the client. In order to become profitable, you need to find and retain your clients. You want your clients to have a positive experience and to help them achieve their ideal mortgage, as they will then refer you to other potential clients.\\nOften, mortgage brokers will bring their existing relationships with lenders from their time at a larger firm into their independent operations. These lenders will then refer clients to the brokers and foster a healthy, mutually beneficial relationship.\\nSome mortgage brokers will charge more for difficult or more complex funding situations for clients, or they may charge a fee from the lending institution.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Build relationships with lending institutions and real estate agents.\", \"描述\": \"The mortgage brokerage industry thrives on repeat business and referrals. Focus on fostering a goodwill relationship with the key touch points in the industry: the lending institutions and the real estate agents. If you successfully fund a complex mortgage for a client, your client will be happy and the lending institution will consider you a dependable and reliable mortgage broker.\\nReal estate agents can also help to connect you to clients if they consider you a solid broker who has a reputation for brokering mortgages successfully.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consider learning other brokerage related skills.\", \"描述\": \"As regulations around mortgage brokering shift and change, independent mortgage brokers must find ways to distinguish themselves and offer other skills to their clients. For example, an independent mortgage broker who is also a certified underwriter can help clients navigate tricky funding issues with the lending institution and be the go to broker for complex mortgages.\\nAs well, an independent mortgage broker who offers exclusive customer service and one on one attention to clients will distinguish herself from a sea of other independent mortgage brokers who may not be able to provide detailed client care.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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6,016 |
How to Become an Independent Sales Rep
|
1. Evaluating Your Skills and Attributes
1-1. Make sure you’re a self-starter.
In order to be a successful independent sales rep, you’ll need complete confidence in your abilities as a salesperson. In addition to a strong skill set and confidence in your abilities, you’ll need to be able to rely on yourself to be your own boss
The most important aspect of being a successful independent sales rep is the ability to motivate yourself. Remember that self-employment requires an incredible amount of discipline.
Be aware that, especially when you’re just starting out, you will likely work more than 40 hours per week. As you build your product portfolio and client base, you should be comfortable with working closer to 60 hours per week.
You’ll need strong time management skills in order to maximize your efficiency and make the most of your time.
1-2. Strengthen your communications and interpersonal skills.
Ideally, if you’re thinking of becoming an independent sales rep, you have excellent oral and written communication skills. You should be able to target the way you communicate to different audiences. You should also be able to easily find compromises that benefit parties on either side of a sales deal.
Think about taking a writing course at a local community college. Focus on learning to write for different audiences. Ask any friends or family who write well to go over grammar and style rules with you.
Try taking on a part-time service job, such as in retail, as a restaurant server, or answering a customer service phone line. Improve your oral communications skills by paying close attention to how your customers speak and act. Pay attention to how you speak to your customers, and try to target how you communicate to the various people you encounter.
An independent sales agent is responsible for making the product’s manufacturer happy and satisfying the buyer’s needs. Since they’re responsible for their own income management, an independent rep must also fit their own satisfaction into the equation.
Strong interpersonal and problem solving skills are absolutely necessary in order to land a deal that benefits these various parties.
1-3. Develop your sales experience.
Independent sales reps are typically highly experienced, with years of employment in a particular field under their belt. Having significant experience in sales gives you a knowledge base about products or a specific market, helps you develop the skills necessary to be a great sales agent, and typically gives you a robust client base.
If you don't have any sale experience, think about applying for an sales job on a company's in-house team to learn and master the basics.
If you have a background in sales, decide which products and industries you know best as you select which company or product line you’d like to represent as an outside agent.
If you’re currently employed with a company as an in-house sales agent, consider your available opportunities. If you think a promotion is possible in the near future, or if you believe you could learn more about the industry or strengthen your network, consider remaining in your current position for several months or a year before becoming an independent rep.
1-4. Think about your existing network and potential client base.
Don’t reinvent the wheel if you don’t have to: think about who and what you already know. Before you decide to become an independent rep consider if your network is heavy in a given industry and therefore includes lots of potential buyers
Before you go with a particular company or product, think about what would be easiest to sell. If you spent a long time in the food industry and know people in purchasing at restaurants and grocery stores, consider selling food, beverages, or spirits, or products associated with food service.
2. Starting Out
2-1. Learn as much as you can about independent sales.
Read books, attend seminars, and take on-site or online courses. Ask around your network and seek guidance from other successful salespeople. Ask about pros and cons from experienced independent sales agents.
Consider joining a relevant professional organization for manufacturers and independent sales agents, such as MANA: https://www.manaonline.org/
Think about joining a trade association for individual industries that you might have experience with, like food service or HVAC.
2-2. Have a home office, phone, and car.
Most independent sales reps only need a home office space and reliable automobile in order to work. While these are the most obvious aspects of your startup costs, you should nonetheless consider all potential costs of operating your independent career, from paying for the internet to acquiring a professional wardrobe to paying for business cards.
Consider the visual impact of your car. You will like find little success if you drive up to a manufacturing company or to a potential buyer with a beat-up, barely drivable car.
Remember that since you’re self-employed, there’s no company-provided office supply closet to raid, especially when you’re just starting. Later down the road, you’ll likely get reimbursed for expenses after you’ve secured a relationship with the company whose products you’re selling.
2-3. Make sure you have savings or another source of income.
While startup costs are low, it can take time before you earn an income that will support you or your family. When you’re just starting out, make sure you have a significant amount of money saved, at least enough to cover the majority of living expenses for up to six months. Alternatively, work a part-time job to cover your living expenses as you start your new career.
If you are married or have a family, make sure your spouse or other family members understand the monetary sacrifices that come with starting any new career.
Have a conversation with your spouse about setting a long-term budget, cutting expenses, and about any potential travel or time away from home that your new career will entail.
2-4. Find a desirable company or product line.
It’s always easiest to stick with the industries you know best. In addition to your existing knowledge base, think about your location as you search for a manufacturer or products to sell. Find out if an industry or particular brand dominates your geographic location, so that you won’t have to spend extra effort creating a new market share.
For example, if everyone in your area knows a brand, its logo, and what products it makes, you should spend some time researching that brand to see how it sells its products. Look on their website to see if they have an in-house sales force or use independent agents.
If you’ve spent years as automotive technician and know every product a mechanic would ever need like the back of your hand, look for companies that produce those products. Search their websites to find out how they sell their products.
2-5. Apply to jobs.
Once you have a pool of companies you'd like to work with, look on their sites for job postings for independent sales reps. Input the company name onto your preferred job search website. Expand your search to any postings for independent sales reps in your area.
Even if you can’t find any open independent positions, write a letter or email of interest to the human resources department or to any sales executives or supervisors listed on their website. Be sure to mention your expertise and experience in addition to your sincere interest in selling their products.
Ask around your network, especially if you have a background in a given industry. Think about anyone you might know who can point you in the direction of a job prospect, such as someone who works for a manufacturing company or for a software developer.
Your chamber of commerce may also be able to lead you to local businesses who are in need of independent sales reps.
2-6. Calculate your commission rate.
A sales commission is the percentage of money made from a sale that forms your income. As an independent sales agent, your income will be entirely commissions-based. While there’s no set formula, and commissions are always negotiable, selling manufactured products typically generates 7 to 15% of the sale’s value. Selling services, such as software, typically yields a commission rate of 20 to 50% of sales
Services generate higher rates because you generally need more expertise if you’re selling something like software, and because manufactured products generally cost more to produce.
Always negotiate your commission rate when you’re starting out with a new company. Don’t take their first offer. Say, “9% is a little beneath the expected threshold for this product. 14% is a more appropriate rate.” Expect to meet somewhere in the middle.
2-7. Build a portfolio of related, non-competing products.
Once you’ve successfully made contact with a manufacturer, you’ll need to demonstrate to them that you have ample experience as a professional salesperson. Interview processes vary, and you may or may not sign a contractual agreement. Once you agree to work with a company, they’ll provide you with any training you need in order to successfully sell their product.
When you start representing a company’s product, you’ll then spend most of your time making phone calls to potential buyers, visiting trade shows, or making in-person demonstrations in order to land sales.
Once you’ve begun selling one product or product line, it’ll be easier to add other, related products to your portfolio. You’ll likely have signed a contract with a non-competitive clause, so be sure that any new products that you add to your portfolio are not in direct competition with your previous product.
In other words, never sell two of the same thing, especially if you could get in trouble for it.
2-8. Be smart about signing contracts.
When signing a contract to sell a company's product or service, it's important to read and understand its terms. Try to make sure it avoids ambiguity, addresses renewal, termination, and is open to amendments or changes.
When it comes to renewal, a great contract will give both parties the opportunity to exit the contract upon renewal. Avoiding automatic renewal helps to guarantee your relationship with the supplier is based on both parties' performances. Consider showing your contract to your lawyer, obtaining a standard rep contract from your industry's trade association, or asking around your network for advice.
Try to negotiate a contract that allows for termination for cause and for convenience. This means that you'll have to option to back out of the contract (typically with 30 days notice) if you need to without the threat of a legal skirmish. Make sure both sides are on equal footing and that either can terminate the partnership.
The best representative contracts allow changes to be made at any time or at regular intervals throughout the year.
Make sure any contract you sign defines what happens after termination. Make sure it defines how many days notice a party must give and determines how commissions are calculated. For example, if you've earned a commission on shipments that are sent after the date of termination, make sure the contract states that you're to be paid what you're due after termination. You and the supplier should both document all sales that earn you commission following the contract's termination date.
3. Building a Successful Business
3-1. Create your business.
Check with your state or national government's business regulatory agency to find out what type of licensing is required for you to practice as an independent sales rep in your area. Make your business as professional as possible:
Design a simple logo or ask for help from graphic designer friends.
Hand out business cards and other informational materials that are appropriate for your industry.
3-2. Develop an online presence for your business.
Create a website that lists your available products, credentials, and contact information. Set up and manage social networking accounts. Contribute to industry-related online forums, and create a blog.
Be sure to include a link back to your website in all of your forum, blog and social networking posts.
3-3. Continue to expand your customer and knowledge bases.
Always be on the lookout for more potential buyers and new markets. Keep yourself educated about your chosen industry so that you can be a more competitive and attractive potential sales agent for both manufacturers and buyers.
Attend conferences, seminars and trade shows related to the industry you are interested in and approach vendors about possible independent sales opportunities.
Attend networking events. Find events related to your industry in the local classifieds, in the community section of classifieds sites like Craigslist and on websites like Meetup.com. Meet as many people as you can, hand out business cards and follow-up with useful contacts.
Advertise your independent sales rep offerings in newspapers, magazines, trade publications, classifieds websites and industry-related web directories. For example, if you choose to represent a computer hardware manufacturer, you can advertise in technology magazines and in the technology section of your local newspaper.
3-4. Hire sub-contractors or sub-agents.
As you continue to grow your customer base and become a more reputable presence in your industry, you might find yourself ready to hire others to work for you. Before starting a multi-person agency, think about how reputable and reliable your services and accounts have been to date. Don’t think about expanding unless you have multiple accounts that you know for a fact will continue to be good sources of revenue.
When expanding your business, craft a business plan with reasonable expectations and specific objectives. Designate specific accounts or products that you’ll delegate to new hires. Use these estimates to decide how many sub-agents you should hire.
Set specific goals for your new hires and their assigned accounts. Using your past income, forecast conservative expectations for commissions generated.
When added sub-agents to your business, focus on customer service. Make sure that anyone you add to your team will deliver the same high quality service that brought you success.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:56:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Evaluating Your Skills and Attributes\\n1-1. Make sure you’re a self-starter.\\nIn order to be a successful independent sales rep, you’ll need complete confidence in your abilities as a salesperson. In addition to a strong skill set and confidence in your abilities, you’ll need to be able to rely on yourself to be your own boss\\nThe most important aspect of being a successful independent sales rep is the ability to motivate yourself. Remember that self-employment requires an incredible amount of discipline.\\nBe aware that, especially when you’re just starting out, you will likely work more than 40 hours per week. As you build your product portfolio and client base, you should be comfortable with working closer to 60 hours per week.\\nYou’ll need strong time management skills in order to maximize your efficiency and make the most of your time.\\n1-2. Strengthen your communications and interpersonal skills.\\nIdeally, if you’re thinking of becoming an independent sales rep, you have excellent oral and written communication skills. You should be able to target the way you communicate to different audiences. You should also be able to easily find compromises that benefit parties on either side of a sales deal.\\nThink about taking a writing course at a local community college. Focus on learning to write for different audiences. Ask any friends or family who write well to go over grammar and style rules with you.\\nTry taking on a part-time service job, such as in retail, as a restaurant server, or answering a customer service phone line. Improve your oral communications skills by paying close attention to how your customers speak and act. Pay attention to how you speak to your customers, and try to target how you communicate to the various people you encounter.\\nAn independent sales agent is responsible for making the product’s manufacturer happy and satisfying the buyer’s needs. Since they’re responsible for their own income management, an independent rep must also fit their own satisfaction into the equation.\\nStrong interpersonal and problem solving skills are absolutely necessary in order to land a deal that benefits these various parties.\\n1-3. Develop your sales experience.\\nIndependent sales reps are typically highly experienced, with years of employment in a particular field under their belt. Having significant experience in sales gives you a knowledge base about products or a specific market, helps you develop the skills necessary to be a great sales agent, and typically gives you a robust client base.\\nIf you don't have any sale experience, think about applying for an sales job on a company's in-house team to learn and master the basics.\\nIf you have a background in sales, decide which products and industries you know best as you select which company or product line you’d like to represent as an outside agent.\\nIf you’re currently employed with a company as an in-house sales agent, consider your available opportunities. If you think a promotion is possible in the near future, or if you believe you could learn more about the industry or strengthen your network, consider remaining in your current position for several months or a year before becoming an independent rep.\\n1-4. Think about your existing network and potential client base.\\nDon’t reinvent the wheel if you don’t have to: think about who and what you already know. Before you decide to become an independent rep consider if your network is heavy in a given industry and therefore includes lots of potential buyers \\nBefore you go with a particular company or product, think about what would be easiest to sell. If you spent a long time in the food industry and know people in purchasing at restaurants and grocery stores, consider selling food, beverages, or spirits, or products associated with food service.\\n2. Starting Out\\n2-1. Learn as much as you can about independent sales.\\nRead books, attend seminars, and take on-site or online courses. Ask around your network and seek guidance from other successful salespeople. Ask about pros and cons from experienced independent sales agents.\\nConsider joining a relevant professional organization for manufacturers and independent sales agents, such as MANA: https://www.manaonline.org/\\nThink about joining a trade association for individual industries that you might have experience with, like food service or HVAC.\\n2-2. Have a home office, phone, and car.\\nMost independent sales reps only need a home office space and reliable automobile in order to work. While these are the most obvious aspects of your startup costs, you should nonetheless consider all potential costs of operating your independent career, from paying for the internet to acquiring a professional wardrobe to paying for business cards.\\nConsider the visual impact of your car. You will like find little success if you drive up to a manufacturing company or to a potential buyer with a beat-up, barely drivable car.\\nRemember that since you’re self-employed, there’s no company-provided office supply closet to raid, especially when you’re just starting. Later down the road, you’ll likely get reimbursed for expenses after you’ve secured a relationship with the company whose products you’re selling.\\n2-3. Make sure you have savings or another source of income.\\nWhile startup costs are low, it can take time before you earn an income that will support you or your family. When you’re just starting out, make sure you have a significant amount of money saved, at least enough to cover the majority of living expenses for up to six months. Alternatively, work a part-time job to cover your living expenses as you start your new career.\\nIf you are married or have a family, make sure your spouse or other family members understand the monetary sacrifices that come with starting any new career.\\nHave a conversation with your spouse about setting a long-term budget, cutting expenses, and about any potential travel or time away from home that your new career will entail.\\n2-4. Find a desirable company or product line.\\nIt’s always easiest to stick with the industries you know best. In addition to your existing knowledge base, think about your location as you search for a manufacturer or products to sell. Find out if an industry or particular brand dominates your geographic location, so that you won’t have to spend extra effort creating a new market share.\\nFor example, if everyone in your area knows a brand, its logo, and what products it makes, you should spend some time researching that brand to see how it sells its products. Look on their website to see if they have an in-house sales force or use independent agents.\\nIf you’ve spent years as automotive technician and know every product a mechanic would ever need like the back of your hand, look for companies that produce those products. Search their websites to find out how they sell their products.\\n2-5. Apply to jobs.\\nOnce you have a pool of companies you'd like to work with, look on their sites for job postings for independent sales reps. Input the company name onto your preferred job search website. Expand your search to any postings for independent sales reps in your area.\\nEven if you can’t find any open independent positions, write a letter or email of interest to the human resources department or to any sales executives or supervisors listed on their website. Be sure to mention your expertise and experience in addition to your sincere interest in selling their products.\\nAsk around your network, especially if you have a background in a given industry. Think about anyone you might know who can point you in the direction of a job prospect, such as someone who works for a manufacturing company or for a software developer.\\nYour chamber of commerce may also be able to lead you to local businesses who are in need of independent sales reps.\\n2-6. Calculate your commission rate.\\nA sales commission is the percentage of money made from a sale that forms your income. As an independent sales agent, your income will be entirely commissions-based. While there’s no set formula, and commissions are always negotiable, selling manufactured products typically generates 7 to 15% of the sale’s value. Selling services, such as software, typically yields a commission rate of 20 to 50% of sales\\nServices generate higher rates because you generally need more expertise if you’re selling something like software, and because manufactured products generally cost more to produce.\\nAlways negotiate your commission rate when you’re starting out with a new company. Don’t take their first offer. Say, “9% is a little beneath the expected threshold for this product. 14% is a more appropriate rate.” Expect to meet somewhere in the middle.\\n2-7. Build a portfolio of related, non-competing products.\\nOnce you’ve successfully made contact with a manufacturer, you’ll need to demonstrate to them that you have ample experience as a professional salesperson. Interview processes vary, and you may or may not sign a contractual agreement. Once you agree to work with a company, they’ll provide you with any training you need in order to successfully sell their product.\\nWhen you start representing a company’s product, you’ll then spend most of your time making phone calls to potential buyers, visiting trade shows, or making in-person demonstrations in order to land sales.\\nOnce you’ve begun selling one product or product line, it’ll be easier to add other, related products to your portfolio. You’ll likely have signed a contract with a non-competitive clause, so be sure that any new products that you add to your portfolio are not in direct competition with your previous product.\\nIn other words, never sell two of the same thing, especially if you could get in trouble for it.\\n2-8. Be smart about signing contracts.\\nWhen signing a contract to sell a company's product or service, it's important to read and understand its terms. Try to make sure it avoids ambiguity, addresses renewal, termination, and is open to amendments or changes.\\nWhen it comes to renewal, a great contract will give both parties the opportunity to exit the contract upon renewal. Avoiding automatic renewal helps to guarantee your relationship with the supplier is based on both parties' performances. Consider showing your contract to your lawyer, obtaining a standard rep contract from your industry's trade association, or asking around your network for advice.\\nTry to negotiate a contract that allows for termination for cause and for convenience. This means that you'll have to option to back out of the contract (typically with 30 days notice) if you need to without the threat of a legal skirmish. Make sure both sides are on equal footing and that either can terminate the partnership.\\nThe best representative contracts allow changes to be made at any time or at regular intervals throughout the year.\\nMake sure any contract you sign defines what happens after termination. Make sure it defines how many days notice a party must give and determines how commissions are calculated. For example, if you've earned a commission on shipments that are sent after the date of termination, make sure the contract states that you're to be paid what you're due after termination. You and the supplier should both document all sales that earn you commission following the contract's termination date.\\n3. Building a Successful Business\\n3-1. Create your business.\\nCheck with your state or national government's business regulatory agency to find out what type of licensing is required for you to practice as an independent sales rep in your area. Make your business as professional as possible:\\nDesign a simple logo or ask for help from graphic designer friends.\\nHand out business cards and other informational materials that are appropriate for your industry.\\n3-2. Develop an online presence for your business.\\nCreate a website that lists your available products, credentials, and contact information. Set up and manage social networking accounts. Contribute to industry-related online forums, and create a blog.\\nBe sure to include a link back to your website in all of your forum, blog and social networking posts.\\n3-3. Continue to expand your customer and knowledge bases.\\nAlways be on the lookout for more potential buyers and new markets. Keep yourself educated about your chosen industry so that you can be a more competitive and attractive potential sales agent for both manufacturers and buyers.\\nAttend conferences, seminars and trade shows related to the industry you are interested in and approach vendors about possible independent sales opportunities.\\nAttend networking events. Find events related to your industry in the local classifieds, in the community section of classifieds sites like Craigslist and on websites like Meetup.com. Meet as many people as you can, hand out business cards and follow-up with useful contacts.\\nAdvertise your independent sales rep offerings in newspapers, magazines, trade publications, classifieds websites and industry-related web directories. For example, if you choose to represent a computer hardware manufacturer, you can advertise in technology magazines and in the technology section of your local newspaper.\\n3-4. Hire sub-contractors or sub-agents.\\nAs you continue to grow your customer base and become a more reputable presence in your industry, you might find yourself ready to hire others to work for you. Before starting a multi-person agency, think about how reputable and reliable your services and accounts have been to date. Don’t think about expanding unless you have multiple accounts that you know for a fact will continue to be good sources of revenue.\\nWhen expanding your business, craft a business plan with reasonable expectations and specific objectives. Designate specific accounts or products that you’ll delegate to new hires. Use these estimates to decide how many sub-agents you should hire.\\nSet specific goals for your new hires and their assigned accounts. Using your past income, forecast conservative expectations for commissions generated.\\nWhen added sub-agents to your business, focus on customer service. Make sure that anyone you add to your team will deliver the same high quality service that brought you success.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Independent sales reps work outside of their associated company offices, and are a bit like business partners to the companies they represent. They often sell a number of product lines from a number of different companies. They must oversee every aspect their operations, including marketing, customer service, order processing, and accounting. Perks include setting your own schedule, protecting your income by diversifying the products you offer, and your income is not capped. While having a strong background in sales, knowledge of the products or services you’re selling, and an existing client base make starting out much easier, you do not need specialized training or specific experience to work in this sales field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Evaluating Your Skills and Attributes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure you’re a self-starter.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be a successful independent sales rep, you’ll need complete confidence in your abilities as a salesperson. In addition to a strong skill set and confidence in your abilities, you’ll need to be able to rely on yourself to be your own boss\\nThe most important aspect of being a successful independent sales rep is the ability to motivate yourself. Remember that self-employment requires an incredible amount of discipline.\\nBe aware that, especially when you’re just starting out, you will likely work more than 40 hours per week. As you build your product portfolio and client base, you should be comfortable with working closer to 60 hours per week.\\nYou’ll need strong time management skills in order to maximize your efficiency and make the most of your time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Strengthen your communications and interpersonal skills.\", \"描述\": \"Ideally, if you’re thinking of becoming an independent sales rep, you have excellent oral and written communication skills. You should be able to target the way you communicate to different audiences. You should also be able to easily find compromises that benefit parties on either side of a sales deal.\\nThink about taking a writing course at a local community college. Focus on learning to write for different audiences. Ask any friends or family who write well to go over grammar and style rules with you.\\nTry taking on a part-time service job, such as in retail, as a restaurant server, or answering a customer service phone line. Improve your oral communications skills by paying close attention to how your customers speak and act. Pay attention to how you speak to your customers, and try to target how you communicate to the various people you encounter.\\nAn independent sales agent is responsible for making the product’s manufacturer happy and satisfying the buyer’s needs. Since they’re responsible for their own income management, an independent rep must also fit their own satisfaction into the equation.\\nStrong interpersonal and problem solving skills are absolutely necessary in order to land a deal that benefits these various parties.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop your sales experience.\", \"描述\": \"Independent sales reps are typically highly experienced, with years of employment in a particular field under their belt. Having significant experience in sales gives you a knowledge base about products or a specific market, helps you develop the skills necessary to be a great sales agent, and typically gives you a robust client base.\\nIf you don't have any sale experience, think about applying for an sales job on a company's in-house team to learn and master the basics.\\nIf you have a background in sales, decide which products and industries you know best as you select which company or product line you’d like to represent as an outside agent.\\nIf you’re currently employed with a company as an in-house sales agent, consider your available opportunities. If you think a promotion is possible in the near future, or if you believe you could learn more about the industry or strengthen your network, consider remaining in your current position for several months or a year before becoming an independent rep.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about your existing network and potential client base.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t reinvent the wheel if you don’t have to: think about who and what you already know. Before you decide to become an independent rep consider if your network is heavy in a given industry and therefore includes lots of potential buyers \\nBefore you go with a particular company or product, think about what would be easiest to sell. If you spent a long time in the food industry and know people in purchasing at restaurants and grocery stores, consider selling food, beverages, or spirits, or products associated with food service.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting Out\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn as much as you can about independent sales.\", \"描述\": \"Read books, attend seminars, and take on-site or online courses. Ask around your network and seek guidance from other successful salespeople. Ask about pros and cons from experienced independent sales agents.\\nConsider joining a relevant professional organization for manufacturers and independent sales agents, such as MANA: https://www.manaonline.org/\\nThink about joining a trade association for individual industries that you might have experience with, like food service or HVAC.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have a home office, phone, and car.\", \"描述\": \"Most independent sales reps only need a home office space and reliable automobile in order to work. While these are the most obvious aspects of your startup costs, you should nonetheless consider all potential costs of operating your independent career, from paying for the internet to acquiring a professional wardrobe to paying for business cards.\\nConsider the visual impact of your car. You will like find little success if you drive up to a manufacturing company or to a potential buyer with a beat-up, barely drivable car.\\nRemember that since you’re self-employed, there’s no company-provided office supply closet to raid, especially when you’re just starting. Later down the road, you’ll likely get reimbursed for expenses after you’ve secured a relationship with the company whose products you’re selling.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have savings or another source of income.\", \"描述\": \"While startup costs are low, it can take time before you earn an income that will support you or your family. When you’re just starting out, make sure you have a significant amount of money saved, at least enough to cover the majority of living expenses for up to six months. Alternatively, work a part-time job to cover your living expenses as you start your new career.\\nIf you are married or have a family, make sure your spouse or other family members understand the monetary sacrifices that come with starting any new career.\\nHave a conversation with your spouse about setting a long-term budget, cutting expenses, and about any potential travel or time away from home that your new career will entail.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a desirable company or product line.\", \"描述\": \"It’s always easiest to stick with the industries you know best. In addition to your existing knowledge base, think about your location as you search for a manufacturer or products to sell. Find out if an industry or particular brand dominates your geographic location, so that you won’t have to spend extra effort creating a new market share.\\nFor example, if everyone in your area knows a brand, its logo, and what products it makes, you should spend some time researching that brand to see how it sells its products. Look on their website to see if they have an in-house sales force or use independent agents.\\nIf you’ve spent years as automotive technician and know every product a mechanic would ever need like the back of your hand, look for companies that produce those products. Search their websites to find out how they sell their products.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have a pool of companies you'd like to work with, look on their sites for job postings for independent sales reps. Input the company name onto your preferred job search website. Expand your search to any postings for independent sales reps in your area.\\nEven if you can’t find any open independent positions, write a letter or email of interest to the human resources department or to any sales executives or supervisors listed on their website. Be sure to mention your expertise and experience in addition to your sincere interest in selling their products.\\nAsk around your network, especially if you have a background in a given industry. Think about anyone you might know who can point you in the direction of a job prospect, such as someone who works for a manufacturing company or for a software developer.\\nYour chamber of commerce may also be able to lead you to local businesses who are in need of independent sales reps.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Calculate your commission rate.\", \"描述\": \"A sales commission is the percentage of money made from a sale that forms your income. As an independent sales agent, your income will be entirely commissions-based. While there’s no set formula, and commissions are always negotiable, selling manufactured products typically generates 7 to 15% of the sale’s value. Selling services, such as software, typically yields a commission rate of 20 to 50% of sales\\nServices generate higher rates because you generally need more expertise if you’re selling something like software, and because manufactured products generally cost more to produce.\\nAlways negotiate your commission rate when you’re starting out with a new company. Don’t take their first offer. Say, “9% is a little beneath the expected threshold for this product. 14% is a more appropriate rate.” Expect to meet somewhere in the middle.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Build a portfolio of related, non-competing products.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve successfully made contact with a manufacturer, you’ll need to demonstrate to them that you have ample experience as a professional salesperson. Interview processes vary, and you may or may not sign a contractual agreement. Once you agree to work with a company, they’ll provide you with any training you need in order to successfully sell their product.\\nWhen you start representing a company’s product, you’ll then spend most of your time making phone calls to potential buyers, visiting trade shows, or making in-person demonstrations in order to land sales.\\nOnce you’ve begun selling one product or product line, it’ll be easier to add other, related products to your portfolio. You’ll likely have signed a contract with a non-competitive clause, so be sure that any new products that you add to your portfolio are not in direct competition with your previous product.\\nIn other words, never sell two of the same thing, especially if you could get in trouble for it.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Be smart about signing contracts.\", \"描述\": \"When signing a contract to sell a company's product or service, it's important to read and understand its terms. Try to make sure it avoids ambiguity, addresses renewal, termination, and is open to amendments or changes.\\nWhen it comes to renewal, a great contract will give both parties the opportunity to exit the contract upon renewal. Avoiding automatic renewal helps to guarantee your relationship with the supplier is based on both parties' performances. Consider showing your contract to your lawyer, obtaining a standard rep contract from your industry's trade association, or asking around your network for advice.\\nTry to negotiate a contract that allows for termination for cause and for convenience. This means that you'll have to option to back out of the contract (typically with 30 days notice) if you need to without the threat of a legal skirmish. Make sure both sides are on equal footing and that either can terminate the partnership.\\nThe best representative contracts allow changes to be made at any time or at regular intervals throughout the year.\\nMake sure any contract you sign defines what happens after termination. Make sure it defines how many days notice a party must give and determines how commissions are calculated. For example, if you've earned a commission on shipments that are sent after the date of termination, make sure the contract states that you're to be paid what you're due after termination. You and the supplier should both document all sales that earn you commission following the contract's termination date.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Building a Successful Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create your business.\", \"描述\": \"Check with your state or national government's business regulatory agency to find out what type of licensing is required for you to practice as an independent sales rep in your area. Make your business as professional as possible:\\nDesign a simple logo or ask for help from graphic designer friends.\\nHand out business cards and other informational materials that are appropriate for your industry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop an online presence for your business.\", \"描述\": \"Create a website that lists your available products, credentials, and contact information. Set up and manage social networking accounts. Contribute to industry-related online forums, and create a blog.\\nBe sure to include a link back to your website in all of your forum, blog and social networking posts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue to expand your customer and knowledge bases.\", \"描述\": \"Always be on the lookout for more potential buyers and new markets. Keep yourself educated about your chosen industry so that you can be a more competitive and attractive potential sales agent for both manufacturers and buyers.\\nAttend conferences, seminars and trade shows related to the industry you are interested in and approach vendors about possible independent sales opportunities.\\nAttend networking events. Find events related to your industry in the local classifieds, in the community section of classifieds sites like Craigslist and on websites like Meetup.com. Meet as many people as you can, hand out business cards and follow-up with useful contacts.\\nAdvertise your independent sales rep offerings in newspapers, magazines, trade publications, classifieds websites and industry-related web directories. For example, if you choose to represent a computer hardware manufacturer, you can advertise in technology magazines and in the technology section of your local newspaper.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hire sub-contractors or sub-agents.\", \"描述\": \"As you continue to grow your customer base and become a more reputable presence in your industry, you might find yourself ready to hire others to work for you. Before starting a multi-person agency, think about how reputable and reliable your services and accounts have been to date. Don’t think about expanding unless you have multiple accounts that you know for a fact will continue to be good sources of revenue.\\nWhen expanding your business, craft a business plan with reasonable expectations and specific objectives. Designate specific accounts or products that you’ll delegate to new hires. Use these estimates to decide how many sub-agents you should hire.\\nSet specific goals for your new hires and their assigned accounts. Using your past income, forecast conservative expectations for commissions generated.\\nWhen added sub-agents to your business, focus on customer service. Make sure that anyone you add to your team will deliver the same high quality service that brought you success.\"}]}]}}",
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