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And then there's the looming, messy problem of human health, reported human health effects.
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差し迫った大きな問題があり人の健康への影響が報告されています
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Having been in that water just for the short time I was there, I can tell you, it is not heat stress.
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短い時間ではあってもそこに入ったことがある私は熱中症ではないと言い切れます
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There are volumes of volatile petroleum fumes coming off that water, plus the Corexit, which has solvent in it.
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現場では水の中から大量の揮発性油と溶媒を含む
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So it is not at all rational.
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ですから当局者の見解は全くの見当外れです
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So what do we have? The BP show is going on.
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BP社のショーは今だに続いているのです
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Our officials complained about Corexit, which is the most toxic line of dispersants.
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私たちの関係者はコレキシットについて最も毒性が高い分散剤の1つだと
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But heck, they're still using it, and they used the most toxic one, the 9527, until they ran out of supplies.
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供給が途切れるまで使い続け
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9527 had 2-butoxyethanol in it that causes internal bleeding.
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9527 は 2-ブトキシエタノールを含んだものであり内出血を起こします
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We know that from the Exxon Valdez spill, by the way.
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エクソンバルディーズ号油濁事故でこれを知りました
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So what we're doing, we're putting compounds with petroleum solvents onto a petroleum spill.
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つまり私たちは流出した石油の上に
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And I want to show you this cute little thing that happens here.
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そしてここで起きる小さなことを説明します
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It's a micelle.
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それはミセルです
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Micelles form around the oil.
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ミセルは油を囲んで形成されます
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And what happens first is the solvents break into the oil, the lipid membrane, they let the surfactants in there.
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溶剤が油の中に割って入り油膜の中に界面活性剤が入っていきます
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The surfactants — which are like things we use on fast food wrappers — they grab around the droplets of oil, and they make little, tiny droplets with nice, little surfactant edges to them.
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界面活性剤はファストフードの包装等に使われていますが油滴の周りを取り囲み微小の粒を作りますきれいで小さな界面活性剤が縁取ります
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The thing to remember about the micelles — these little floating globules of toxin — is they are there to deliver.
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ミセルについて覚えておくべきことはこの小さくて浮遊する毒物の滴は
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They're like the FedEx guys.
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FedEx の配達員みたいなものです
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And if you're a fish, and you haven't gotten your glob in the morning, you're going to get it in the afternoon, because they've got your number.
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あなたの滴が午前に届かなければ午後には届くでしょう皆さんの住所を知っているからです
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So from a toxicology perspective, this is really awful because Corexit and the dispersed oil are much more toxic together than either alone.
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毒物学の見地からいえばこれはとても恐ろしいことですコレキシットと分散された油は結合することで単独の場合よりももっと強力な毒になるからです
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And usually the exposure is a combined exposure.
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通常は複数の毒素への曝露量は
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The dispersants — as I was saying — their job is to break down the lipid membrane.
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しかし分散剤は私が説明したとおり油膜を分解するのが仕事であり
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The solvents in them do that very efficiently.
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分散剤に含まれる溶剤はこれを非常に効率的にします
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So they break down lipid membranes in our body, starting with cells of the skin, the cells of organs.
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私たちの体内の油膜 ― 皮膚から臓器に至るまでの細胞を分解するのです
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So it actually hastens oil getting into the body easily and readily.
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油が体内により容易に早く吸収されることを助けるのです
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Oil contains hundreds of hydrocarbon compounds and other compounds that are toxic to every organ in the body.
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油は何百もの炭化水素化合物や体のあらゆる臓器に有毒です
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And so with the dispersants combined, you have this very synergistic combined toxicity.
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そのため分散剤と合わさった場合
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Corexit also contains petroleum solvents and many other toxic compounds.
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コレキシット自体も石油系溶剤や
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So we did find that Corexit 9500 contains heavy metals, arsenic and chromium — arsenic at high enough levels to have cancer-causing effects.
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私たちはコレキシット 9500 がヒ素やクロムなどの重金属を含むこと ― そしてヒ素はガンを引き起こすのに十分な量であることを発見しました
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So this is what we have to look at, these, you know, ridiculous safety data sheets, which have nothing on them much.
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これは私たちが調査する安全データシートですが
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And now they were forced to release the ultimate list of everything that's in Corexit.
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現在化学会社はコレキシットに含まれる
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Derivatives, derivatives, these are whole big groups of many, many compounds, these sorbitans.
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誘導体誘導体と書かれているのは多数の化合物ですソルビタンもそう
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And then you get down to the petroleum distillates, which are the solvents, hundreds of them.
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そしてさらに溶剤である石油の蒸留物も何百もあります
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They are not identified. And why?
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それらは特定されていませんなぜでしょう
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Trade secrets again.
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企業秘密だからです
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BP's running the show, and the Nalco company, this is all they have to do.
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BP社はショーを続けており Nalco社がこれを裏で行っています
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So far these ingredients have not been released, and toxicologists are actually going nuts because we cannot predict with certainty what the interactions and toxic results are going to be.
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今日に至るまで成分は公表されておらず毒性学者達は本当に怒り狂っていますどのような相互作用や
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But we do have quite a lot at risk down there, as we all know, the 33 wildlife refuges, so much wildlife and fish and diversity.
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しかし私たちはお分かりの通り本当に大きなリスクに直面しています 33 箇所の野生生物保護区や多くの野生生物や
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So we know from previous spills.
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私たちは過去の油濁事故から学んでいます
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And I appreciate being able to vent some of my anguish upon you.
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今回は私の苦悩の一部を皆さんと共有できることをありがたく思っています
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What we do know is that the corals are going to get hit hard.
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私たちはさんご礁は大きな影響を受けることを知っています
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Corals are, you know, the home to about a quarter of all marine species.
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さんご礁はご存知の通り全ての海洋生物の約4分の1の住処です
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With oil alone, there's 98 percent fertilization.
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石油だけなら 98% の繁殖能力です
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I could see myself easily in the water column.
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水柱の中で簡単に見ることができるのですが
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The plankton and the plankton eaters, you know, these are the little herring fish that go through the water column with their mouths open, feeding indiscriminately and just lapping up this brown pudding of toxic stuff.
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プランクトンとその捕食者ですご存知の通り小さなニシンのような魚が見境なく餌をとり
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And we do know from other studies that this is a highly toxic mixture.
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別の研究から分かっていますがこれは非常に毒性の高い塊です
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See the oil and Corexit is causing death at a much, much lower dose than oil alone.
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石油とコレキシットが一緒になると
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The piscivorous fish, the cobia, grouper, amberjacks, those big fish, also the tuna and sharks, are going to hit by this.
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この食魚性の魚 ― スギやハタやブリなどの大きな魚がマグロやサメも含めてこの茶色のプリンにやられてしまいます
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The respiratory system is very sensitive.
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呼吸器官がとても傷つきやすいのです
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Think about it with the Corexit hitting the membranes, and it will clog up the gills, and then these animals are going to be getting something like what you call chemical pneumonia, trying to aspirate the compounds.
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コレキシットが膜にあたりえらに詰まるのですするとこれらの魚達はこの化合物を吸収しようとします
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It also will cause internal bleeding upon ingestion.
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コレキシットは体内に吸収されると
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I'm very worried about the air-breathing mammals because I study them, but also, the way their going to be exposed is every time they come to the surface to take a breath, they're going to inhale these volatile fumes.
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私は肺呼吸の哺乳類をとても心配しています研究対象であるからだけでなく彼らは息をするため水面に来るたびに揮発性の蒸気に晒されこれを吸い込むからです
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The Corexit is transporting the oil into every membrane and every system of the body.
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石油を体内の全ての膜に全ての器官に届けるのです
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And you're having a lot of different unpleasant effects, but burns to the eyes and mouth, skin ulcers, lesions.
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そしてたくさんの不快な症状が起こります
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And I think, personally, that we have not begun to see the impacts of this spill on the wildlife of the Gulf.
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メキシコ湾の野生生物への油濁の本当の影響を目にしていません
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We started hypothesizing: what do we know?
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私たちは何を知っているのか
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which means that somebody gets wiped out, and then everything above that's eating those guys will crash.
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つまりある生物が死滅した時にそれを捕食していた
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So our thought was — this is a simple thinking process, but...
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シンプルな考え方ですが
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obviously the plankton, the planktivores, and that's about as far as we got.
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実際にはプランクトンやその捕食者の
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And then it turns out we're not very good at figuring this stuff out.
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そして私たちは栄養カスケードの分析が上手くできていませんでした
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This is what the Exxon Valdez scientists thought would happen, this trophic cascade where you lose the kelp and the herring and other fishes and going up.
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考えていた栄養カスケードです昆布やニシンがいなくなると
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They thought that eventually the killer whale would be at the top of this cascade.
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彼らはこの栄養カスケードの頂点にシャチがいると考えていました
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And then here's what really happened, much more complicated, much more specific.
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実際に起こったことはより複雑でもっと固有のものでした
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Actually the kelp and the barnacles that attach to the rock were decimated by the combination of Corexit and the oil.
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岩に張り付いている昆布やフジツボの多くは
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They were replaced by invasive species, which had less holding power to the rock.
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それらは岩に接着する力の弱い侵入種に取って代わられました
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Storms came along.
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そこに嵐が来て
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And this was the entire food web for the sea ducks.
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そしてそれがウミガモにとってすべての食料源でした
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And as you know, we lost about 300,000 sea ducks from the Exxon Valdez spill, and they haven't come back.
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その結果ご存知の通りエクソン・バルディーズ号の事故により
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So we are launching an independent study.
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現在私たちは
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And by independent, I do not mean alone; I mean independent in the sense of not tied to the kind of crime-scene secrecy that's going on in the Gulf now.
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「独立」というのは「一人で」という意味ではありませんここでいう独立とは例えば今メキシコ湾で起こっている犯罪現場の機密のようなものに縛られないということです
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But we are actually going to be assessing toxic impacts, but we need lots and lots of partners to do this intelligently.
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私たちは毒性の影響を評価しようとしていますがこの研究を賢く行うためには多くのパートナーが必要です
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We have some of the partners lined up.
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何人かパートナーを紹介します
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And Dave Gallo signed on.
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デービッド・ガロ [海洋学者] もその1人ですし
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Sylvia's in here.
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シルビア・アール [海洋学者] もいます
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And we hope that some of you will help us.
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そして皆さんの中でも手伝ってくれる人がいることを望みます
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My question to you is: why shouldn't we know?
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皆さんに問います ― 私たちは知るべきでは ?
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Don't we have the right to know?
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私たちの知る権利は ?
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Surely we have the right to learn what loss we are going through in the Gulf.
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私たちには当然知る権利がありますメキシコ湾で経験する損失をです
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And to get there, we need to do the assessment.
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アセスメント ( 事前影響評価 ) が必要です
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So I appreciate being here. Thank you.
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皆さんと問題共有でき感謝しますありがとう
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This is about a place in London called Kiteflyer's Hill where I used to go and spend hours going "" When is he coming back? When is he coming back? "" So this is another one dedicated to that guy...
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この歌にあるのはロンドンのカイトフライヤーズヒル (凧揚げの丘) 私がいつも時を過ごしていた場所です「彼はいつ戻ってくるの ? 」と思いながらだからこれもあいつに捧げる歌 …
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who I've got over.
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もう乗り越えました
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But this is "" Kiteflyer's Hill. "" It's a beautiful song written by a guy called Martin Evan, actually, for me.
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この「カイトフライヤーズヒル」は美しい歌でマーティンエヴァンが私のために書いてくれました
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Boo Hewerdine, Thomas Dolby, thank you very much for inviting me. It's been a blessing singing for you.
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ブーヒュワディーンとトーマスドルビーですお招きいただいてありがとうございましたここで歌えるのは光栄です
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Thank you very much.
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本当にどうもありがとう
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I graduated high school in Cleveland, Ohio, 1975.
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1975年に私はオハイオ州クリーブランドの高校を卒業しました
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And just like my parents did when they finished studying abroad, we went back home.
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両親もそうだったんですが海外留学が終わった私は帰国しました
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Finished university education, got a medical degree, 1986.
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1986年医学の学位を取得して大学を卒業しました
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And by the time I was an intern house officer, I could barely afford to maintain my mother's 13-year-old car — and I was a paid doctor.
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私がインターンハウスで医師になり十分な給与を頂くようになる以前は母の13年物の車の維持費もろくに払えていませんでした
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This brings us to why a lot of us, who are professionals, are now, as they say, in diaspora.
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このことから多くの専門家の方はいわゆる海外移住をしていることが分かります
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Now, are we going to make that a permanent thing, where we all get trained, and we leave, and we don't go back?
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私達は研修を受けた祖国を離れ永遠に帰国せず海外で暮らしてしまうのでしょうか ?
|
Perhaps not, I should certainly hope not — because that is not my vision.
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大半は戻らないでしょう私は戻りたくないです自分の夢でないからです
|
All right, for good measure, that's where Nigeria is on the African map, and just there is the Delta region that I'm sure everybody's heard of.
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さてアフリカの地図を広げるとナイジェリアがここにありますここはデルタ地域です皆さん耳にしたことがあるでしょう
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People getting kidnapped, where the oil comes from, the oil that sometimes I think has driven us all crazy in Nigeria.
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横行する誘拐や石油の産地として有名ですナイジェリアでは石油に多くの人が踊らされているようです
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But, critical poverty: this slide is from a presentation I gave not that long ago. Gapminder.org tells the story of the gap between Africa and the rest of the world in terms of health care.
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また貧困は深刻ですこのスライドは私が最近プレゼンテーションで使ったものです Gapminder.org はアフリカとその他の諸国との医療の差を取り扱っており
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Very interesting.
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とても興味深いページです
|
How many people do you think are on that taxi?
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あのタクシーには何人乗っていると思いますか ?
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And believe it or not, that is a taxi in Nigeria.
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断っておきますがナイジェリアではこれがタクシーです
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And the capital — well, what used to be the capital of Nigeria — Lagos, that's a taxi, and you have police on them.
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ここはナイジェリア最大の都市で旧首都のラゴスですタクシーには警察が乗ることもあります
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