BackpropBuff/NeuLab-TedTalks.en-ja · Datasets at Hugging Face

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That it is amazing that connection we can have with what's there.	草地との関わり合いはとても素敵です
And this is a companion, and this is a relationship that never dries up.	これは仲間ですそして枯れることのない関係です
You never run out of that companion as you drink this wine, too.	このワインを飲んでも仲間はいなくなりません
And I encourage you to look at that.	皆さんにも経験して欲しいです
Now, not all of us have meadows, or lawns that we can convert, and so you can always, of course, grow a meadow in a pot.	私たち全員に草地や転換できる芝生がある訳ではありません鉢に草花を植えましょう
Bees apparently, can be the gateway to, you know, other things.	ミツバチは他の色んな事に導いてくれます
So I'm not saying that you should plant a meadow of pot, but a pot in a meadow.	鉢だらけの草地を作れとは言っていませんひとつの鉢に草地を作るのです
But you can also have this great community of city or building-top beekeepers, these beekeepers that live — This is in Paris where these beekeepers live.	養蜂は街や建物の屋上でもできます街にも養蜂家は住んでいますこれはパリに住む養蜂家です
And everyone should open a beehive, because it is the most amazing, incredible thing.	皆さんに巣箱を持ってもらいたいです巣箱は信じられない素晴らしい世界なのです
And if we want to cure ourselves of NDD, or Nature Deficit Disorder, I think this is a great way of doing it.	私たち自身の自然欠損障害 (NDD) の治療にもとても良い方法だと思います
Get a beehive and grow a meadow, and watch that life come back into your life.	ミツバチの巣を手に入れて草地を育てるそして生物が皆さんの生活に戻ってくるのを観察しましょう
And so with that, I think that what we can do, if we do this, we can make sure that our future — our more perfect future — includes beekeepers and it includes bees and it includes those meadows.	私たちに出来ることはこれをすれば私たちの未来より良い未来には養蜂家がいてミツバチもいて草地もあるのです
And that journey — that journey of transformation that occurs as you grow your meadow and as you keep your bees or you watch those native bees there — is an extremely exciting one.	そしてその転機となるこの旅は草地を育てミツバチを育てる事で始まるのです自然のミツバチが飛ぶのを見るこれは本当にワクワクします
And I hope that you experience it and I hope you tell me about it one day.	ぜひご自分で体験していつかその話を聞かせて下さいぜひご自分で体験していつかその話を聞かせて下さい
So thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much.	来てくれて感謝しますどうもありがとうございました

I want to talk to you today about prosperity, about our hopes for a shared and lasting prosperity.	繁栄についてお話ししましょう私たちは共に末永く繁栄したいと願っています
And not just us, but the two billion people worldwide who are still chronically undernourished.	私たちだけでなく世界中で未だ慢性的に栄養失調の 20億人の願いでもあります
And hope actually is at the heart of this.	繁栄の中心に希望があります
In fact, the Latin word for hope is at the heart of the word prosperity.	ラテン語では「希望」は「繁栄」の中にあるのです
"" Pro-speras, "" "" speras, "" hope — in accordance with our hopes and expectations.	「 Pro-speras 」の「 speras 」が希望のことです繁栄は我々の希望と期待に応じます
The irony is, though, that we have cashed-out prosperity almost literally in terms of money and economic growth.	皮肉なことに私たちの繁栄は文字通り換金されてお金と経済成長という形になりました
And recession, of course, isn't exactly a recipe for hope either, as we're busy finding out.	もちろん景気後退は希望への処方箋にはなりえないと実感しているところです
So we're caught in a kind of trap.	我々はワナに陥っているのです
It's a dilemma, a dilemma of growth.	成長のジレンマというワナです
We can't live with it; we can't live without it.	経済成長は必要だけど厄介なもの
Trash the system or crash the planet — it's a tough choice; it isn't much of a choice.	システムを捨てるか地球を壊すか難しい選択ですあまり選択肢がありません
And our best avenue of escape from this actually is a kind of blind faith in our own cleverness and technology and efficiency and doing things more efficiently.	このジレンマから脱出する最善の手段は自らの賢さと技術と効率をひたすら信じて効率を改善して行くことなのです
Now I haven't got anything against efficiency.	効率化に異論はありません
And I think we are a clever species sometimes.	私たちは賢いと思うこともあります
But I think we should also just check the numbers, take a reality check here.	でも数字をチェックして現実を確かめるべきだと思います
So I want you to imagine a world, in 2050, of around nine billion people, all aspiring to Western incomes, Western lifestyles.	2050年の世界を想像してください 90億人ほどの人々が西洋並みの収入やライフスタイルを目指すのです
And I want to ask the question — and we'll give them that two percent hike in income, in salary each year as well, because we believe in growth.	私は不思議に思います- 給与や所得が毎年2% ずつ増加するというのは成長を前提にした話です
And I want to ask the question: how far and how fast would be have to move?	不思議に思うのです：どの早さでどこまで行くべきなのか
How clever would we have to be?	どこまで賢くなるべきか？
How much technology would we need in this world to deliver our carbon targets?	CO2 の目標達成のためにどれほどの技術が世の中に必要か？
And here in my chart — on the left-hand side is where we are now.	この図を見てください現在我々は左側にいます
This is the carbon intensity of economic growth in the economy at the moment.	経済成長を炭素放出量で表すと現時点の経済は
It's around about 770 grams of carbon.	770グラムに相当します
In the world I describe to you, we have to be right over here at the right-hand side at six grams of carbon.	これからの世界では右端の6グラムのところを目指さなければなりません
It's a 130-fold improvement, and that is 10 times further and faster than anything we've ever achieved in industrial history.	これは130倍の改善ですこれまでの産業発展の 10倍の成果と速度とが求められます
Maybe we can do it, maybe it's possible — who knows?	なんとかなるかもしれませんし
Maybe we can even go further and get an economy that pulls carbon out of the atmosphere, which is what we're going to need to be doing by the end of the century.	さらに上を行って空気中の炭素を減らすような経済に至るかもしれません今世紀末までにはそう出来るようになっているべきです
But shouldn't we just check first that the economic system that we have is remotely capable of delivering this kind of improvement?	でも最初に確かめておきませんか今の経済システムがこの様な改善を生み出す可能性が少しでもあるものか
So I want to just spend a couple of minutes on system dynamics.	そこで少しシステムの仕組みを説明しましょう
It's a bit complex, and I apologize for that.	少し複雑な話になり申し訳ないので
What I'll try and do, is I'll try and paraphrase it is sort of human terms.	なるべくわかりやすい言葉に言い換えます
So it looks a little bit like this.	こんな具合です
Firms produce goods for households — that's us — and provide us with incomes, and that's even better, because we can spend those incomes on more goods and services.	企業は世帯 (私たち）のために物を生産し所得も生み出しますこれらの収入で私たちはより多くの物やサービスを購入します
That's called the circular flow of the economy.	経済循環と呼ばれるものです
It looks harmless enough.	問題なさそうですね
I just want to highlight one key feature of this system, which is the role of investment.	ここで大事な機能として強調したいのは投資の役割です
Now investment constitutes only about a fifth of the national income in most modern economies, but it plays an absolutely vital role.	近代経済の大半においては投資は国民所得の 5分の1にすぎませんがまさに不可欠な役割を果たしています
And what it does essentially is to stimulate further consumption growth.	要するに消費が成長するように刺激するのです
It does this in a couple of ways — chasing productivity, which drives down prices and encourages us to buy more stuff.	いくつかの方法で行われます生産性を向上させて価格を下げ購入意欲を促します
But I want to concentrate on the role of investment in seeking out novelty, the production and consumption of novelty.	さて投資の役割の中で新規性を追求することについて注目したいと思います革新的なものを生産して消費することを
Joseph Schumpeter called this "the process of creative destruction."	シュンペーターは「創造的破壊のプロセス」と名づけました
It's a process of the production and reproduction of novelty, continually chasing expanding consumer markets, consumer goods, new consumer goods.	新規な何かを生産したり増殖させたり新製品による消費の市場拡大を追及し続けるプロセスです
And this, this is where it gets interesting, because it turns out that human beings have something of an appetite for novelty.	ここが面白いところですが人間というものは目新しいものを好むようです
We love new stuff — new material stuff for sure — but also new ideas, new adventures, new experiences.	私たちは新しいものが大好きです新しい物だけでなく新しいアイデアや新しい投機新しい経験が大好きです
Status-driven, conspicuous consumption thrives from the language of novelty.	新しさというメッセージを求めていくとステータスを誇示する消費に至るのです
And here, all of a sudden, we have a system that is locking economic structure with social logic — the economic institutions, and who we are as people, locked together to drive an engine of growth.	ところで現実のシステムは社会の論理と経済構造を結びつけるものなのです経済の仕組みと人が結びついて成長の原動力となっています
And this engine is not just economic value; it is pulling material resources relentlessly through the system, driven by our own insatiable appetites, driven in fact by a sense of anxiety.	経済的価値を追求するばかりでなく物質的資源を取り出していくシステムを廻し続けさせるのは我々の飽くなき欲求と不安感です
Adam Smith, 200 years ago, spoke about our desire for a life without shame.	200年前にアダムスミスは人に劣らない生活を求めることについて語りました
And even if we don't want them, we need to buy them, because, if we don't buy them, the system crashes.	欲しくもないのに買わなければならないのです買わなければシステムは崩壊します
And to stop it crashing over the last two to three decades, we've expanded the money supply, expanded credit and debt, so that people can keep buying stuff.	システムを守るため過去2 〜 30年にわたって通貨供給量を拡大し債権債務を拡大し人々は買い物を続けてきました
And of course, that expansion was deeply implicated in the crisis.	もちろんその拡大が危機に深く関与していました
But this — I just want to show you some data here.	さてここでデータをお見せしましょう
This is what it looks like, essentially, this credit and debt system, just for the U.K.	イギリスの債権と債務がどんな様子かお見せします
This was the last 15 years before the crash, and you can see there, consumer debt rose dramatically.	危機の前の15年を示しますここで消費者の債務が急増しています
It was above the GDP for three years in a row just before the crisis.	金融危機の直前の3年間に渡って GDPを上回っています
And in the mean time, personal savings absolutely plummeted.	その間貯蓄は激減しました
The savings ratio, net savings, were below zero in the middle of 2008, just before the crash.	貯蓄率と純貯蓄は 2008年半ばでゼロを下回りました金融危機の直前のことです
This is people expanding debt, drawing down their savings, just to stay in the game.	ゲームから取り残されないためだけに借金を増やし貯蓄を減らしていたのです
This is a strange, rather perverse, story, just to put it in very simple terms.	簡単な言葉で言えばあまのじゃくのようですね
It's a story about us, people, being persuaded to spend money we don't have on things we don't need to create impressions that won't last on people we don't care about.	つまり私たちはどうでもいい人に長続きもしない印象を与えるために持ってもいないお金で必要もない物を買うのです
(Laughter) (Applause) But before we consign ourselves to despair, maybe we should just go back and say, "" Did we get this right?	(笑) (拍手) しかしあきらめるのはまだ早いですこれでいいのか考え直してみましょう
Is this really how people are?	「人間ってこんなものか？
Is this really how economies behave? "" And almost straightaway we actually run up against a couple of anomalies.	これは本当に経済学者の行動か？」そしてすぐにいくつかの異常事態に気づきます
The first one is in the crisis itself.	まず金融危機そのもの
In the crisis, in the recession, what do people want to do?	金融危機や不況のとき人はどうしようとするでしょう
They want to hunker down, they want to look to the future.	身をかがめて未来に期待して
They want to spend less and save more.	消費を抑えて貯金しようとします
But saving is exactly the wrong thing to do from the system point of view.	でもシステム的な観点からすれば貯金するのは間違いです
Keynes called this the "" paradox of thrift "" — saving slows down recovery.	ケインズの言う「倹約のパラドックス」貯蓄は景気回復を遅らせます
And politicians call on us continually to draw down more debt, to draw down our own savings even further, just so that we can get the show back on the road, so we can keep this growth-based economy going.	政治家たちは借金を増やして貯金もどんどん使うように呼びかけ続けますこれで経済はもとに戻り経済成長を続けることができます
It's an anomaly, it's a place where the system actually is at odds with who we are as people.	これは異常事態ですシステムと人である我々が対立する状況です
These things save carbon, they save energy, they save us money.	これらのことは炭素を減らしエネルギーを節約しますお金も節約できます
So is it that, though they make perfect economic sense, we don't do them?	経済的には十分に意味があるのになかなか実行しません
Well, I had my own personal insight into this a few years ago.	私の個人的な意見ですが数年前
It was a Sunday evening, Sunday afternoon, and it was just after — actually, to be honest, too long after — we had moved into a new house.	日曜日の午後新しい家に引っ越したばかり — いや正直言うと引っ越してかなり経っていました
And I had finally got around to doing some draft stripping, installing insulation around the windows and doors to keep out the drafts.	ようやくすきま風（ draft ）の対策に手をつけて窓やドア周りに断熱材を施して隙間風を防ぎました
And my, then, five year-old daughter was helping me in the way that five year-olds do.	そのとき5歳だったの娘も 5歳児なりのやり方で手伝ってくれました
And we'd been doing this for a while, when she turned to me very solemnly and said, "Will this really keep out the giraffes?"	しばらく作業したあとで娘はまじめな顔で私に向かって「これで本当にキリン (giraffes) を締め出せるの？」
(Laughter) "Here they are, the giraffes."	（笑）これがキリンです
You can hear the five-year-old mind working.	5歳児なりに一生懸命考えました
These ones, interestingly, are 400 miles north of here outside Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.	これはここから400マイル北のカンブリア州のバローインファーネスの郊外です
Goodness knows what they make of the Lake District weather.	湖水地方の天候でどうやって過せるかは知りませんが
But actually that childish misrepresentation stuck with me, because it suddenly became clear to me why we don't do the blindingly obvious things.	子どもっぽい勘違いがひっかかりとなって突如としてわかったのですなぜ我々は明々白々なことをしないか
(Laughter) What is the objective?	（笑）目的は何でしょう？

That it is amazing that connection we can have with what's there.

草地との関わり合いはとても素敵です

And this is a companion, and this is a relationship that never dries up.

これは仲間ですそして枯れることのない関係です

You never run out of that companion as you drink this wine, too.

このワインを飲んでも仲間はいなくなりません

And I encourage you to look at that.

皆さんにも経験して欲しいです

Now, not all of us have meadows, or lawns that we can convert, and so you can always, of course, grow a meadow in a pot.

私たち全員に草地や転換できる芝生がある訳ではありません鉢に草花を植えましょう

Bees apparently, can be the gateway to, you know, other things.

ミツバチは他の色んな事に導いてくれます

So I'm not saying that you should plant a meadow of pot, but a pot in a meadow.

鉢だらけの草地を作れとは言っていませんひとつの鉢に草地を作るのです

But you can also have this great community of city or building-top beekeepers, these beekeepers that live — This is in Paris where these beekeepers live.

養蜂は街や建物の屋上でもできます街にも養蜂家は住んでいますこれはパリに住む養蜂家です

And everyone should open a beehive, because it is the most amazing, incredible thing.

皆さんに巣箱を持ってもらいたいです巣箱は信じられない素晴らしい世界なのです

And if we want to cure ourselves of NDD, or Nature Deficit Disorder, I think this is a great way of doing it.

私たち自身の自然欠損障害 (NDD) の治療にもとても良い方法だと思います

Get a beehive and grow a meadow, and watch that life come back into your life.

ミツバチの巣を手に入れて草地を育てるそして生物が皆さんの生活に戻ってくるのを観察しましょう

And so with that, I think that what we can do, if we do this, we can make sure that our future — our more perfect future — includes beekeepers and it includes bees and it includes those meadows.

私たちに出来ることはこれをすれば私たちの未来より良い未来には養蜂家がいてミツバチもいて草地もあるのです

And that journey — that journey of transformation that occurs as you grow your meadow and as you keep your bees or you watch those native bees there — is an extremely exciting one.

そしてその転機となるこの旅は草地を育てミツバチを育てる事で始まるのです自然のミツバチが飛ぶのを見るこれは本当にワクワクします

And I hope that you experience it and I hope you tell me about it one day.

ぜひご自分で体験していつかその話を聞かせて下さいぜひご自分で体験していつかその話を聞かせて下さい

So thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much.

来てくれて感謝しますどうもありがとうございました

I want to talk to you today about prosperity, about our hopes for a shared and lasting prosperity.

繁栄についてお話ししましょう私たちは共に末永く繁栄したいと願っています

And not just us, but the two billion people worldwide who are still chronically undernourished.

私たちだけでなく世界中で未だ慢性的に栄養失調の 20億人の願いでもあります

And hope actually is at the heart of this.

繁栄の中心に希望があります

In fact, the Latin word for hope is at the heart of the word prosperity.

ラテン語では「希望」は「繁栄」の中にあるのです

"" Pro-speras, "" "" speras, "" hope — in accordance with our hopes and expectations.

「 Pro-speras 」の「 speras 」が希望のことです繁栄は我々の希望と期待に応じます

The irony is, though, that we have cashed-out prosperity almost literally in terms of money and economic growth.

皮肉なことに私たちの繁栄は文字通り換金されてお金と経済成長という形になりました

And recession, of course, isn't exactly a recipe for hope either, as we're busy finding out.

もちろん景気後退は希望への処方箋にはなりえないと実感しているところです

So we're caught in a kind of trap.

我々はワナに陥っているのです

It's a dilemma, a dilemma of growth.

成長のジレンマというワナです

We can't live with it; we can't live without it.

経済成長は必要だけど厄介なもの

Trash the system or crash the planet — it's a tough choice; it isn't much of a choice.

システムを捨てるか地球を壊すか難しい選択ですあまり選択肢がありません

And our best avenue of escape from this actually is a kind of blind faith in our own cleverness and technology and efficiency and doing things more efficiently.

このジレンマから脱出する最善の手段は自らの賢さと技術と効率をひたすら信じて効率を改善して行くことなのです

Now I haven't got anything against efficiency.

効率化に異論はありません

And I think we are a clever species sometimes.

私たちは賢いと思うこともあります

But I think we should also just check the numbers, take a reality check here.

でも数字をチェックして現実を確かめるべきだと思います

So I want you to imagine a world, in 2050, of around nine billion people, all aspiring to Western incomes, Western lifestyles.

2050年の世界を想像してください 90億人ほどの人々が西洋並みの収入やライフスタイルを目指すのです

And I want to ask the question — and we'll give them that two percent hike in income, in salary each year as well, because we believe in growth.

私は不思議に思います- 給与や所得が毎年2% ずつ増加するというのは成長を前提にした話です

And I want to ask the question: how far and how fast would be have to move?

不思議に思うのです：どの早さでどこまで行くべきなのか

How clever would we have to be?

どこまで賢くなるべきか？

How much technology would we need in this world to deliver our carbon targets?

CO2 の目標達成のためにどれほどの技術が世の中に必要か？

And here in my chart — on the left-hand side is where we are now.

この図を見てください現在我々は左側にいます

This is the carbon intensity of economic growth in the economy at the moment.

経済成長を炭素放出量で表すと現時点の経済は

It's around about 770 grams of carbon.

770グラムに相当します

In the world I describe to you, we have to be right over here at the right-hand side at six grams of carbon.

これからの世界では右端の6グラムのところを目指さなければなりません

It's a 130-fold improvement, and that is 10 times further and faster than anything we've ever achieved in industrial history.

これは130倍の改善ですこれまでの産業発展の 10倍の成果と速度とが求められます

Maybe we can do it, maybe it's possible — who knows?

なんとかなるかもしれませんし

Maybe we can even go further and get an economy that pulls carbon out of the atmosphere, which is what we're going to need to be doing by the end of the century.

さらに上を行って空気中の炭素を減らすような経済に至るかもしれません今世紀末までにはそう出来るようになっているべきです

But shouldn't we just check first that the economic system that we have is remotely capable of delivering this kind of improvement?

でも最初に確かめておきませんか今の経済システムがこの様な改善を生み出す可能性が少しでもあるものか

So I want to just spend a couple of minutes on system dynamics.

そこで少しシステムの仕組みを説明しましょう

It's a bit complex, and I apologize for that.

少し複雑な話になり申し訳ないので

What I'll try and do, is I'll try and paraphrase it is sort of human terms.

なるべくわかりやすい言葉に言い換えます

So it looks a little bit like this.

こんな具合です

Firms produce goods for households — that's us — and provide us with incomes, and that's even better, because we can spend those incomes on more goods and services.

企業は世帯 (私たち）のために物を生産し所得も生み出しますこれらの収入で私たちはより多くの物やサービスを購入します

That's called the circular flow of the economy.

経済循環と呼ばれるものです

It looks harmless enough.

問題なさそうですね

I just want to highlight one key feature of this system, which is the role of investment.

ここで大事な機能として強調したいのは投資の役割です

Now investment constitutes only about a fifth of the national income in most modern economies, but it plays an absolutely vital role.

近代経済の大半においては投資は国民所得の 5分の1にすぎませんがまさに不可欠な役割を果たしています

And what it does essentially is to stimulate further consumption growth.

要するに消費が成長するように刺激するのです

It does this in a couple of ways — chasing productivity, which drives down prices and encourages us to buy more stuff.

いくつかの方法で行われます生産性を向上させて価格を下げ購入意欲を促します

But I want to concentrate on the role of investment in seeking out novelty, the production and consumption of novelty.

さて投資の役割の中で新規性を追求することについて注目したいと思います革新的なものを生産して消費することを

Joseph Schumpeter called this "the process of creative destruction."

シュンペーターは「創造的破壊のプロセス」と名づけました

It's a process of the production and reproduction of novelty, continually chasing expanding consumer markets, consumer goods, new consumer goods.

新規な何かを生産したり増殖させたり新製品による消費の市場拡大を追及し続けるプロセスです

And this, this is where it gets interesting, because it turns out that human beings have something of an appetite for novelty.

ここが面白いところですが人間というものは目新しいものを好むようです

We love new stuff — new material stuff for sure — but also new ideas, new adventures, new experiences.

私たちは新しいものが大好きです新しい物だけでなく新しいアイデアや新しい投機新しい経験が大好きです

Status-driven, conspicuous consumption thrives from the language of novelty.

新しさというメッセージを求めていくとステータスを誇示する消費に至るのです

And here, all of a sudden, we have a system that is locking economic structure with social logic — the economic institutions, and who we are as people, locked together to drive an engine of growth.

ところで現実のシステムは社会の論理と経済構造を結びつけるものなのです経済の仕組みと人が結びついて成長の原動力となっています

And this engine is not just economic value; it is pulling material resources relentlessly through the system, driven by our own insatiable appetites, driven in fact by a sense of anxiety.

経済的価値を追求するばかりでなく物質的資源を取り出していくシステムを廻し続けさせるのは我々の飽くなき欲求と不安感です

Adam Smith, 200 years ago, spoke about our desire for a life without shame.

200年前にアダムスミスは人に劣らない生活を求めることについて語りました

And even if we don't want them, we need to buy them, because, if we don't buy them, the system crashes.

欲しくもないのに買わなければならないのです買わなければシステムは崩壊します

And to stop it crashing over the last two to three decades, we've expanded the money supply, expanded credit and debt, so that people can keep buying stuff.

システムを守るため過去2 〜 30年にわたって通貨供給量を拡大し債権債務を拡大し人々は買い物を続けてきました

And of course, that expansion was deeply implicated in the crisis.

もちろんその拡大が危機に深く関与していました

But this — I just want to show you some data here.

さてここでデータをお見せしましょう

This is what it looks like, essentially, this credit and debt system, just for the U.K.

イギリスの債権と債務がどんな様子かお見せします

This was the last 15 years before the crash, and you can see there, consumer debt rose dramatically.

危機の前の15年を示しますここで消費者の債務が急増しています

It was above the GDP for three years in a row just before the crisis.

金融危機の直前の3年間に渡って GDPを上回っています

And in the mean time, personal savings absolutely plummeted.

その間貯蓄は激減しました

The savings ratio, net savings, were below zero in the middle of 2008, just before the crash.

貯蓄率と純貯蓄は 2008年半ばでゼロを下回りました金融危機の直前のことです

This is people expanding debt, drawing down their savings, just to stay in the game.

ゲームから取り残されないためだけに借金を増やし貯蓄を減らしていたのです

This is a strange, rather perverse, story, just to put it in very simple terms.

簡単な言葉で言えばあまのじゃくのようですね

It's a story about us, people, being persuaded to spend money we don't have on things we don't need to create impressions that won't last on people we don't care about.

つまり私たちはどうでもいい人に長続きもしない印象を与えるために持ってもいないお金で必要もない物を買うのです

(Laughter) (Applause) But before we consign ourselves to despair, maybe we should just go back and say, "" Did we get this right?

(笑) (拍手) しかしあきらめるのはまだ早いですこれでいいのか考え直してみましょう

Is this really how people are?

「人間ってこんなものか？

Is this really how economies behave? "" And almost straightaway we actually run up against a couple of anomalies.

これは本当に経済学者の行動か？」そしてすぐにいくつかの異常事態に気づきます

The first one is in the crisis itself.

まず金融危機そのもの

In the crisis, in the recession, what do people want to do?

金融危機や不況のとき人はどうしようとするでしょう

They want to hunker down, they want to look to the future.

身をかがめて未来に期待して

They want to spend less and save more.

消費を抑えて貯金しようとします

But saving is exactly the wrong thing to do from the system point of view.

でもシステム的な観点からすれば貯金するのは間違いです

Keynes called this the "" paradox of thrift "" — saving slows down recovery.

ケインズの言う「倹約のパラドックス」貯蓄は景気回復を遅らせます

And politicians call on us continually to draw down more debt, to draw down our own savings even further, just so that we can get the show back on the road, so we can keep this growth-based economy going.

政治家たちは借金を増やして貯金もどんどん使うように呼びかけ続けますこれで経済はもとに戻り経済成長を続けることができます

It's an anomaly, it's a place where the system actually is at odds with who we are as people.

これは異常事態ですシステムと人である我々が対立する状況です

These things save carbon, they save energy, they save us money.

これらのことは炭素を減らしエネルギーを節約しますお金も節約できます

So is it that, though they make perfect economic sense, we don't do them?

経済的には十分に意味があるのになかなか実行しません

Well, I had my own personal insight into this a few years ago.

私の個人的な意見ですが数年前

It was a Sunday evening, Sunday afternoon, and it was just after — actually, to be honest, too long after — we had moved into a new house.

日曜日の午後新しい家に引っ越したばかり — いや正直言うと引っ越してかなり経っていました

And I had finally got around to doing some draft stripping, installing insulation around the windows and doors to keep out the drafts.

ようやくすきま風（ draft ）の対策に手をつけて窓やドア周りに断熱材を施して隙間風を防ぎました

And my, then, five year-old daughter was helping me in the way that five year-olds do.

そのとき5歳だったの娘も 5歳児なりのやり方で手伝ってくれました

And we'd been doing this for a while, when she turned to me very solemnly and said, "Will this really keep out the giraffes?"

しばらく作業したあとで娘はまじめな顔で私に向かって「これで本当にキリン (giraffes) を締め出せるの？」

(Laughter) "Here they are, the giraffes."

（笑）これがキリンです

You can hear the five-year-old mind working.

5歳児なりに一生懸命考えました

These ones, interestingly, are 400 miles north of here outside Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.

これはここから400マイル北のカンブリア州のバローインファーネスの郊外です

Goodness knows what they make of the Lake District weather.

湖水地方の天候でどうやって過せるかは知りませんが

But actually that childish misrepresentation stuck with me, because it suddenly became clear to me why we don't do the blindingly obvious things.

子どもっぽい勘違いがひっかかりとなって突如としてわかったのですなぜ我々は明々白々なことをしないか

(Laughter) What is the objective?

（笑）目的は何でしょう？