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They revealed to us a tiny world of objects, life and structures that are too small for us to see with our naked eyes.
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ๅฐใใใใฆ่็ผใงใฏ่ฆใใชใ็ฉใ็็ฉใๆง้ ใฎไธ็ใ้กๅพฎ้กใๆใใใซใ
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They are a tremendous contribution to science and technology.
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็งๅญฆใๆ่กใซๅฏพใใฆๅคงใใชใ่ฒข็ฎใใใพใใ
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Today I'd like to introduce you to a new type of microscope, a microscope for changes.
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ไปๆฅใ็ดนไปใใใใฎใฏๆฐใใใฟใคใใฎ้กๅพฎ้กใๅคๅใ่ฆใ้กๅพฎ้กใใงใ
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And it lets us look at our world in a completely new way.
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ใใใฏไธ็ใซๅฏพใใใพใฃใใๅฅใฎ่ฆๆนใไธใใฆใใใพใ
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So what do I mean by color changes?
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่ฒใฎๅคๅใจใฏใฉใใชใใฎใใงใใ
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Our skin, for example, changes its color very slightly when the blood flows under it.
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ไพใใฐไบบใฎ่ใจใใใฎใฏ่กใฎๆตใใซๅฟใใฆ่ฒใใใใใซๅคๅใใพใ
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That change is incredibly subtle, which is why, when you look at other people, when you look at the person sitting next to you, you don't see their skin or their face changing color.
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ใใใฏใจใฆใๅพฎๅฆใชๅคๅใงใใใใ้ฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใใไบบใ่ฆใใจใใใง่ใ้กใฎ่ฒใๅคใใฃใฆใใใใใซใฏ่ฆใใพใใ
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When we look at this video of Steve here, it appears to us like a static picture, but once we look at this video through our new, special microscope, suddenly we see a completely different image.
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ใใฎในใใฃใผใใฎๆ ๅใ่ฆใฆใ้ๆญข็ปใฎใใใซ่ฆใใพใใใใ็ง้ใฎๆฐใใ้กๅพฎ้กใ้ใใฆ่ฆใใจใพใฃใใ็ฐใชใใคใกใผใธใ็พใใพใ
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What you see here are small changes in the color of Steve's skin, magnified 100 times so that they become visible.
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่ใฎ่ฒใฎๅฐใใชๅคๅใ 100ๅๅขๅน
ใใใใจใง็ฎใง่ฆใฆๅใใใใใซใใฆใใพใ
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We can actually see a human pulse.
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่ๆใ่ฆใฆๅใใใจใใงใใพใ
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We can see how fast Steve's heart is beating, but we can also see the actual way that the blood flows in his face.
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ๅฟๆใฎๆฉใใ ใใงใชใ้กใ่กใใฉใๆตใใฆใใใใๅใใใพใ
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And we can do that not just to visualize the pulse, but also to actually recover our heart rates, and measure our heart rates.
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่ๆใๅฏ่ฆๅใงใใใ ใใงใชใๅฟๆๆฐใๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จๆธฌใใใใจใใงใใพใ
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And we can do it with regular cameras and without touching the patients.
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ๆฎ้ใฎใซใกใฉใงใงใใฆๆฃ่
ใซ่งฆใใๅฟ
่ฆใใใใพใใ
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So here you see the pulse and heart rate we extracted from a neonatal baby from a video we took with a regular DSLR camera, and the heart rate measurement we get is as accurate as the one you'd get with a standard monitor in a hospital.
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ใใใงใฏๆฎ้ใฎDSLRใซใกใฉใงๆฎใฃใๆฐ็ๅ
ใฎๆ ๅใใ่ๆใจๅฟๆๆฐใๅใๅบใใฆใใพใใใใง่จๆธฌใใๅฟๆๆฐใฏ็
้ขใซใใ้ๅธธใฎ่จๅจใซใใใฎใจๅๆงใฎๆญฃ็ขบใใใใใพใ
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And it doesn't even have to be a video we recorded.
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ๆ ๅใ่ชๅใงๆฎใฃใใใฎใงใใๅฟ
่ฆใฏใชใ
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We can do it essentially with other videos as well.
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ๆขๅญใฎใใใชใไฝฟใใใจใใงใใพใ
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So I just took a short clip from "" Batman Begins "" here just to show Christian Bale's pulse.
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ใใใฏใใใใใใณใใฎใณใบใใฎไธๅ ด้ขใใใฏใชในใใฃใณใปใใผใซใฎๅฟๆใ่ฆใใใใใซใใใใฎใงใ ๏ผ ็ฌ ๏ผ
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(Laughter) And you know, presumably he's wearing makeup, the lighting here is kind of challenging, but still, just from the video, we're able to extract his pulse and show it quite well.
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ใฏใชในใใฃใณใปใใผใซใฎๅฟๆใ่ฆใใใใใซใใใใฎใงใ ๏ผ ็ฌ ๏ผ ๆ ็ปใชใฎใงใกใผใฏใใใฆใใใ ใใใๅ
ใฎๆกไปถใซใ้ฃใใ้ขใใใใพใใใใใงใๆ ๅใใๅฝผใฎๅฟๆใ้ๅธธใซใใพใๅใๅบใใฆใใพใ
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So how do we do all that?
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ใฉใใใฃใฆใใใฎใใงใใ
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We basically analyze the changes in the light that are recorded at every pixel in the video over time, and then we crank up those changes.
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ใใใชใฎใใใใใฎใใฏใปใซใซ่จ้ฒใใใๅ
ใฎๆ้็ๅคๅใๅๆใใใฎๅคๅใๆกๅคงใใฆใใพใ
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We make them bigger so that we can see them.
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ๅคๅใ่ฆใฆๅใใใใใใซๅคงใใใใใใใงใ
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The tricky part is that those signals, those changes that we're after, are extremely subtle, so we have to be very careful when you try to separate them from noise that always exists in videos.
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้ฃใใใฎใฏๆใใใๅคๅใ้ๅธธใซๅฐใใชใใฎใ ใจใใใใจใงใใฎๅคๅใ้ฒ็ปใซใคใใใฎใฎใใคใบใใๆณจๆๆทฑใๅ้ขใใๅฟ
่ฆใใใใพใ
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So we use some clever image processing techniques to get a very accurate measurement of the color at each pixel in the video, and then the way the color changes over time, and then we amplify those changes.
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ใใใใใฎใใฏใปใซใฎใใๆญฃ็ขบใช่ฒใๅพใใใใซๅทงๅฆใช็ปๅๅฆ็ใ่กใฃใฆใใพใใใใใ่ฒใฎๆ้ๅคๅใฎไปๆนใๆใใใใๆกๅคงใใฆ
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We make them bigger to create those types of enhanced videos, or magnified videos, that actually show us those changes.
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ๅคๅใ็ฎใง่ฆใฆๅใใใใๅคๅใฎๅผท่ชฟใใใๆ ๅใไฝใใพใ
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But it turns out we can do that not just to show tiny changes in color, but also tiny motions, and that's because the light that gets recorded in our cameras will change not only if the color of the object changes, but also if the object moves.
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ใใฎใใใซใใฆ่ฆใใใใใซใงใใใใฎใซใฏๅพฎ็ดฐใช่ฒใฎๅคๅใ ใใงใชใๅพฎ็ดฐใชๅใใใใใพใใซใกใฉใซ่จ้ฒใใใๅ
ใฏ่ฒใฎๅคๅใซใใฃใฆใ ใใงใชใ็ฉใฎๅใใซใใฃใฆใๅคๅใใใใใงใ
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So this is my daughter when she was about two months old.
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ใใใฏ็ๅพ๏ผใถๆใฎ้ ใฎ็งใฎๅจใงใ
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It's a video I recorded about three years ago.
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๏ผๅนดใปใฉๅใซ้ฒ็ปใใใใฎใงใ
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And as new parents, we all want to make sure our babies are healthy, that they're breathing, that they're alive, of course.
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่ฆชใซใชใฃใใฐใใใฎไบบใฏ่ตคใกใใใๅฅๅบทใๆฏใใใฆใใใ็ใใฆใใใใใคใๆฐใซใใใฆใใพใ
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So I too got one of those baby monitors so that I could see my daughter when she was asleep.
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็งใๅจใฎ็ ใฃใฆใใๅงฟใ่ฆใใใใใใใใผใขใใฟใผใ่ฒทใใพใใ
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And this is pretty much what you'll see with a standard baby monitor.
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ๆฎ้ใฎใใใผใขใใฟใผใง่ฆใใใใฎใฏใใฎใใใชๆ ๅใงใ
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You can see the baby's sleeping, but there's not too much information there.
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็ ใฃใฆใใๆงๅญใฏๅใใใพใใๆ
ๅ ฑใฏๅคงใใฆๅพใใใพใใ
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There's not too much we can see.
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่ฆใฆๅใใไบใฏๆฎใฉใใใพใใ
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Wouldn't it be better, or more informative, or more useful, if instead we could look at the view like this.
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ใใใใใช้ขจใซ่ฆใใใจใใใใใฃใจๆ
ๅ ฑใๅพใใใฆๆ็จใงใฏใชใใงใใใใ ๏ผ
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So here I took the motions and I magnified them 30 times, and then I could clearly see that my daughter was indeed alive and breathing.
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ๅใใ30ๅๆกๅคงใใใใจใงๅจใฎๅใใใฏใฃใใ่ฆใฆๅใใใใใซใชใใพใใใใใงๅจใ็ขบใใซ็ใใฆๅผๅธใใฆใใใฎใๅใใใพใ
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(Laughter) Here is a side-by-side comparison.
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๏ผ ็ฌ ๏ผ ไธฆในใฆๆฏ่ผใใใจใใใงใใ
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So again, in the source video, in the original video, there's not too much we can see, but once we magnify the motions, the breathing becomes much more visible.
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ๅ
ใ
ใฎใใใชใงใฏๅใใๅใใใพใใใใใๅใใๆกๅคงใใๆ ๅใงใฏๅผๅธใฎๆงๅญใใใๅใใใพใ
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And it turns out, there's a lot of phenomena we can reveal and magnify with our new motion microscope.
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ใใฎใๅคๅใ่ฆใ้กๅพฎ้กใใซใใฃใฆ
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We can see how our veins and arteries are pulsing in our bodies.
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ไฝใฎไธญใง้่ใๅ่ใใฉใ่ๆใฃใฆใใใๅใใใพใ
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We can see that our eyes are constantly moving in this wobbly motion.
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็ฎใ็ตถใใใฆใฉใฆใฉๅใใฆใใใใจใใใๅใใใพใ
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Maybe we could use those motions to tell us something about our thoughts or our emotions.
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ใใฎใใใชๅใใใใใฎไบบใฎๆใฃใฆใใใใจใๆๆ
ใๅใใใใใใใพใใ
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We can also magnify small mechanical movements, like vibrations in engines, that can help engineers detect and diagnose machinery problems, or see how our buildings and structures sway in the wind and react to forces.
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ใจใณใธใณใฎๆฏๅใฎใใใชๅฐใใชๆฉๆขฐใฎๅใใๆกๅคงใใฆ่ฆใใใใใซใงใใพใๆฉๆขฐใฎๅ้กใฎๆคๅบใ่จบๆญใๆ่ก่
ใใใใฎใซๅฝน็ซใคใใใใใพใใๅปบ็ฉใๆง้ ็ฉใ้ขจใซๆบใใใๅ็บใใใใใๆงๅญใ่ฆใฆๅใใพใ
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Those are all things that our society knows how to measure in various ways, but measuring those motions is one thing, and actually seeing those motions as they happen is a whole different thing.
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ใใใใฃใๅใใ่จๆธฌใใๆนๆณใชใไปฅๅใใใใใพใใใใใฎๅใใฆใใๆงๅญใๅฎ้ใซ็ฎใง่ฆใใใใใซใใใจใใใฎใฏใพใๅฅใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใใพใ
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And ever since we discovered this new technology, we made our code available online so that others could use and experiment with it.
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็ง้ใฏใใฎๆ่กใ้็บใใฆไปฅๆฅใใใไธใงใใญใฐใฉใ ใๅ
ฌ้ใใฆ่ชฐใงใๅฎ้จใงใใใใใซใใฆใใพใ
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It's very simple to use.
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ใจใฆใ็ฐกๅใซไฝฟใ
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It can work on your own videos.
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่ชๅใฎใใใชใง่ฉฆใใใจใใงใใพใ
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And I'd like to show you just a couple of examples of what others have done with it.
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ใใใไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใใชใใฉใใชใใจใใใฆใใใฎใใใใคใใ่ฆงใซๅ
ฅใใพใใใ
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So this video was made by a YouTube user called Tamez85.
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ใใฎใใใชใฏTomez85ใจใใ YouTubeใฆใผใถใผใไฝใฃใใใฎใง
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I don't know who that user is, but he, or she, used our code to magnify small belly movements during pregnancy.
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ใฉใใใไบบใชใฎใ็ฅใใพใใใ็ง้ใฎใใญใฐใฉใ ใไฝฟใฃใฆๅฆๅฉฆใฎใ่
นใฎๅใใๆกๅคงใใฆใใพใ
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It's kind of creepy.
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ใกใใฃใจไธๆฐๅณใงใใญ
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(Laughter) People have used it to magnify pulsing veins in their hands.
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๏ผ ็ฌ ๏ผ ใใใงใฏๆใฎ้่ใฎๆๅใๆกๅคงใใฆใใพใ
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And you know it's not real science unless you use guinea pigs, and apparently this guinea pig is called Tiffany, and this YouTube user claims it is the first rodent on Earth that was motion-magnified.
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ใใใใขใซใขใใใไฝฟใใชใใกใ็งๅญฆใฃใฝใใชใใพใใใใญใใฎใขใซใขใใใฏใใฃใใกใใผใจใใๅๅใงไฝ่
ใฏใใใๅพฎ็ดฐใชๅใใๆกๅคงใใใๆๅใฎ้ฝงๆญฏ้กใ ใจไธปๅผตใใฆใใพใ
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You can also do some art with it.
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็พ่กไฝๅใไฝใใใจใใงใใพใ
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So this video was sent to me by a design student at Yale.
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ใคใงใผใซๅคงใฎใใถใคใณ็งใฎๅญฆ็ใ้ใฃใฆใใใใฎใง
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She wanted to see if there's any difference in the way her classmates move.
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ๅไบบใฎ่บซๅใใฎไปๆนใซ้ใใใใใ็ฅใใใใฃใใฎใ ใใใงใ
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She made them all stand still, and then magnified their motions.
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ใใฃใจใใฆใใใใใซ้ ผใใงใใใใๅใใๆกๅคงใใใใฎใงใ
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It's like seeing still pictures come to life.
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ๅ็ใๅใๅงใใใฟใใใชๆใใใใพใ
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And the nice thing with all those examples is that we had nothing to do with them.
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ใใใใฎไพใฎ่ฏใใจใใใฏๆใ
่ช่บซไฝใใใๅฟ
่ฆใใชใใฃใใใจใงใ
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We just provided this new tool, a new way to look at the world, and then people find other interesting, new and creative ways of using it.
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ใใ ๆฐใใ้ๅ
ทใจไธ็ใ่ฆใๆฐใใๆนๆณใๆไพใใใ ใใงใใใใชไบบใๆฐใใใฆ้ข็ฝใๅต้ ็ใชไฝฟใๆนใ่ฆใคใใฆใใใพใ
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But we didn't stop there.
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ใใใใใใง็ตใใใงใฏใใใพใใ
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This tool not only allows us to look at the world in a new way, it also redefines what we can do and pushes the limits of what we can do with our cameras.
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ใใฎใใผใซใฏไธ็ใซๅฏพใๆฐใใ่ฆๆนใใงใใใใใซใใใ ใใงใชใใซใกใฉใงๅบๆฅใใใจใๅๅฎ็พฉใๅฏ่ฝๆงใฎ้็ใๆผใๅบใใใใพใ
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So as scientists, we started wondering, what other types of physical phenomena produce tiny motions that we could now use our cameras to measure?
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็งๅญฆ่
ใจใใฆ็ง้ใฏ่ใๅงใใพใใใซใกใฉใง่จๆธฌใงใใๅพฎ็ดฐใชๅใใ็ใฟๅบใ็ฉ็็พ่ฑกใจใใฆไปใซใฉใใชใใฎใใใใ ใใ ๏ผ
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And one such phenomenon that we focused on recently is sound.
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ใใฎใใใช็พ่ฑกใฎ๏ผใคใจใใฆๆใ
ใๆ่ฟๅใ็ตใใงใใใฎใใ้ณใใงใ
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Sound, as we all know, is basically changes in air pressure that travel through the air.
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้ณใจใใใฎใฏๅบๆฌ็ใซ็ฉบๆฐไธญใไผใใ็ฉบๆฐๅงใฎๅคๅใงใ
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Those pressure waves hit objects and they create small vibrations in them, which is how we hear and how we record sound.
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ๅงๅใฎๆณขใ็ฉใซใถใคใใๆๅฐใใชๆฏๅใ็ใใใใไฝฟใฃใฆ็ง้ใฏ้ณใ่ใใใ้ฒ้ณใใใใใฆใใพใ
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But it turns out that sound also produces visual motions.
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ใใใ้ณใฏ่ฆ่ฆ็ใชๅใใไฝใๅบใใพใ
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Those are motions that are not visible to us but are visible to a camera with the right processing.
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่็ผใงใฏ่ฆใใชใใจใใซใกใฉใไฝฟใฃใฆ้ฉๅใซๅฆ็ใใใฐ่ฆใใใใใซใชใใพใ
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So here are two examples.
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ไพใ๏ผใคใ่ฆใใใพใ
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This is me demonstrating my great singing skills.
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ใใใฏ็งใ็ด ๆดใใใๆญๅฑๅใๆซ้ฒใใฆใใใจใใใงใ
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(Singing) (Laughter) And I took a high-speed video of my throat while I was humming.
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ใขใผ ๏ผ ็ฌ ๏ผ ๅฃฐใๅบใใฆใใๆใฎๅใ้ซ้ๅบฆใซใกใฉใงๆฎๅฝฑใใพใใ
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Again, if you stare at that video, there's not too much you'll be able to see, but once we magnify the motions 100 times, we can see all the motions and ripples in the neck that are involved in producing the sound.
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ๅ
ใฎๆ ๅใ่ฆใฆใใปใจใใฉๅใใฏ่ฆใใใพใใใๅใใ100ๅๆกๅคงใใฆใใใจ็บๅฃฐใซ้ขใใ้ฆใฎ้จๅใซๆณขใฎใใใชๅใใๅบใใฃใฆใใใฎใๅใใใพใ
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That signal is there in that video.
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้ณใฎ็่ทกใๆ ๅใซๆฎใใใฆใใใใใงใ
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We also know that singers can break a wine glass if they hit the correct note.
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ๆญๆใฏ็นๅฎใฎ้ณ็จใฎๅฃฐใๅบใใฆใฐใฉในใๅฒใใใจใใ่ฉฑใฏ่ฏใ็ฅใใใฆใใพใ
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So here, we're going to play a note that's in the resonance frequency of that glass through a loudspeaker that's next to it.
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ใใใงใฏใฐใฉในใฎๅ
ฑ้ณดๅจๆณขๆฐใฎ้ณใๆจชใฎในใใผใซใผใใๅบใใฆใใพใ
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Once we play that note and magnify the motions 250 times, we can very clearly see how the glass vibrates and resonates in response to the sound.
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ใใฎๆใฎๅใใ 250ๅๆกๅคงใใใจใฐใฉในใ้ณใซๅ
ฑ้ณดใใฆๆฏๅใใฆใใใฎใใฏใฃใใๅใใใพใ
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It's not something you're used to seeing every day.
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ใใพใๆฅๅธธใง็ฎใซใใๅ
ๆฏใงใฏใใใพใใใญ
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But this made us think. It gave us this crazy idea.
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ใใใใใใใ็ช้ฃใชใขใคใใขใๆใใคใใพใใ
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Can we actually invert this process and recover sound from video by analyzing the tiny vibrations that sound waves create in objects, and essentially convert those back into the sounds that produced them.
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ใใฎ้็จใ้ใซใใฆๆ ๅใใ้ณใๅพฉๅ
ใงใใชใใงใใใใ ๏ผ ้ณๆณขใ็ฉใฎ่กจ้ขใซไฝใๅบใๅพฎ็ดฐใชๆฏๅใ่งฃๆใใฆๅ
ใซใชใฃใ้ณใ็ๆใใใฎใงใ
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In this way, we can turn everyday objects into microphones.
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ใใฎใใใซใใใฐ่บซใฎๅใใซใใ็ฉใใใคใฏใซๅคใใใใจใใงใใพใ
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So that's exactly what we did.
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็ง้ใฏใพใใซใใใใใฃใฆใฟใพใใ
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So here's an empty bag of chips that was lying on a table, and we're going to turn that bag of chips into a microphone by filming it with a video camera and analyzing the tiny motions that sound waves create in it.
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ใใผใใซใฎไธใซใใใใใใใฎ็ฉบใ่ขใใใใพใใใใใใใชๆฎๅฝฑใใฆ้ณใซใใ็ใใ โ ๅพฎ็ดฐใชๅใใ่งฃๆใใใใจใงใใใใใใใฎ่ขใใใคใฏใญใใฉใณใซๅคใใใใจใใใใใงใ
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So here's the sound that we played in the room.
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ใใฎ้จๅฑใงใฏใใใช้ณๆฅฝใๆตใใฆใใพใ
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(Music: "" Mary Had a Little Lamb "") And this is a high-speed video we recorded of that bag of chips.
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(ๆฒใใกใชใผใใใฎใฒใคใใ) ใใใฆใใใใใใใฎ่ขใ้ซ้ๅบฆใซใกใฉใงๆฎๅฝฑใใพใใ
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Again it's playing.
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ใใใ่ฆใฆใ
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There's no chance you'll be able to see anything going on in that video just by looking at it, but here's the sound we were able to recover just by analyzing the tiny motions in that video.
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ไฝใใ่ตทใใฆใใใใใซใฏ่ฆใใพใใใๆ ๅใฎไธญใฎๅพฎ็ดฐใชๅใใ่งฃๆใใใใจใงใใฎใใใช้ณใๅ็พใงใใพใใ
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(Music: "" Mary Had a Little Lamb "") I call it โ Thank you.
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(ๆฒใใกใชใผใใใฎใฒใคใใ) ็งใฏใใใ โ
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(Applause) I call it the visual microphone.
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๏ผ ๆๆ ๏ผ ใใใธใฅใขใซใปใใคใฏใญใใฉใณใใจๅผใใงใใพใ
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We actually extract audio signals from video signals.
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ใใใชไฟกๅทใใใชใผใใฃใชไฟกๅทใๅใๅบใใฆใใใฎใงใ
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And just to give you a sense of the scale of the motions here, a pretty loud sound will cause that bag of chips to move less than a micrometer.
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ๅใใฎๅคงใใใใฉใใใใใใจใใใจใใชใๅคงใใช้ณใงใใใใใใใใฎ่ขใฎๅใใฏ๏ผใใฏใญใณๆชๆบใงใ
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That's one thousandth of a millimeter.
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๏ผใใชใฎๅๅใฎ๏ผใงใ
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That's how tiny the motions are that we are now able to pull out just by observing how light bounces off objects and gets recorded by our cameras.
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ใใฎใใใชๅฐใใชๅใใงใๆ ๅใฎไธญใง็ฉใซๅๅฐใใๅ
ใ่ฆณๅฏใใใใจใซใใฃใฆๆคๅบใงใใใฎใงใ
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We can recover sounds from other objects, like plants.
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ไปใฎ็ฉใไฝฟใใใจใใงใใพใใใจใใฐๆค็ฉใจใ
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(Music: "" Mary Had a Little Lamb "") And we can recover speech as well.
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(ๆฒใใกใชใผใใใฎใฒใคใใ) ๅฃฐใๅพฉๅ
ใใใใจใใงใใพใ
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So here's a person speaking in a room.
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ใใกใใงใฏ้จๅฑใฎไธญใงไบบใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใ
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Voice: Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow, and everywhere that Mary went, that lamb was sure to go.
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Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow, (ใกใชใผใใใฏๅฐใใช็พใ้ฃผใฃใฆใใ้ชใฎใใใซ็ฝใๆฏใใใฆ) and everywhere that Mary went, that lamb was sure to go. (ใกใชใผใใใฎ่กใใจใใใฏใฉใใซใงใไปใใฆใใ)
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Michael Rubinstein: And here's that speech again recovered just from this video of that same bag of chips.
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ๅใจๅใใใใใใใใฎ่ขใฎๆ ๅใใๅพฉๅ
ใใๅฃฐใงใ
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Voice: Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow, and everywhere that Mary went, that lamb was sure to go.
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Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow, and everywhere that Mary went, that lamb was sure to go.
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MR: We used "" Mary Had a Little Lamb "" because those are said to be the first words that Thomas Edison spoke into his phonograph in 1877.
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ใใกใชใผใใใฎใฒใคใใใไฝฟใฃใใฎใฏใจใธใฝใณใ1877ๅนดใซ่้ณๆฉใงๆๅใซ้ฒ้ณใใใฎใใใฎๆญใ ใฃใใใใงใ
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It was one of the first sound recording devices in history.
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ใใใฏ้ณใ่จ้ฒใใๆๅใฎ่ฃ
็ฝฎใฎ๏ผใคใงใใ
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It basically directed the sounds onto a diaphragm that vibrated a needle that essentially engraved the sound on tinfoil that was wrapped around the cylinder.
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้ณใๆฏๅๆฟใงๅใใใฎๆฏๅใ้ใซไผใใใใ็ญใซๅทปใใใขใซใ็ฎใซ่จ้ฒใใใไปๆใใงใใ
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Here's a demonstration of recording and replaying sound with Edison's phonograph.
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ใใใฏใจใธใฝใณใฎ่้ณๆฉใง้ฒ้ณใๅ็ใใใใขใงใ
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