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Like, why did I really have to mow the lawn?
|
例えばなぜ芝刈りをしないといけないの ?
|
Why was homework really that important?
|
なぜ宿題がそんなに大事なの ?
|
Why couldn't I put jelly beans in my oatmeal?
|
なぜジェリービーンズをオートミールに入れて食べたらダメなの ?
|
My childhood was abound with questions like this.
|
子供時代はそんな疑問で溢れていました
|
Normal things about being a kid and realizing that sometimes, it was best to listen to my parents even when I didn't exactly understand why.
|
子供である以上当然のことですし時には ― 意味がわからなくても言うことを聞くのが一番だと考えていました
|
And it's not that they didn't want me to think critically.
|
両親は私に批判的思考をしてほしくなかったわけではありません
|
Their parenting always sought to reconcile the tension between having my siblings and I understand the realities of the world, while ensuring that we never accepted the status quo as inevitable.
|
その現実が必然であると思わないように育ててくれました
|
I came to realize that this, in and of itself, was a very purposeful form of education.
|
私はこの考え方自体が強い目的を持った教育だと理解するようになりました
|
One of my favorite educators, Brazilian author and scholar Paulo Freire, speaks quite explicitly about the need for education to be used as a tool for critical awakening and shared humanity.
|
私の好きな教育者ブラジル人作家で学者のパウロ・フレイレ氏は教育は批判的な考えを呼び起こし人間性を共有するためのツールでなければならないと明言しています
|
Over the course of the past several months, the world has watched as unarmed black men, and women, have had their lives taken at the hands of police and vigilante.
|
この数ヶ月の間で世界では武器を持たない黒人の男性や女性が警察や自警団に命を奪われる事件が次々と起こりました
|
These events and all that has transpired after them have brought me back to my own childhood and the decisions that my parents made about raising a black boy in America that growing up, I didn't always understand in the way that I do now.
|
このような事件やその後の出来事によって私は自分の子供時代を思い起こし両親が「アメリカで黒人の男の子を育てる」際に下した決断が昔は分かりませんでしたが今はきちんと理解できるのです
|
For example, I think of how one night, when I was around 12 years old, on an overnight field trip to another city, my friends and I bought Super Soakers and turned the hotel parking lot into our own water-filled battle zone.
|
例えばある夜 12歳ぐらいの時別の街に旅行したときのことです友達と一緒に水鉄砲を買いホテルの駐車場を戦場に見立てて水鉄砲遊びをしていました
|
We hid behind cars, running through the darkness that lay between the streetlights, boundless laughter ubiquitous across the pavement.
|
車の陰に隠れながら街灯のあいだの暗闇を走り回って私たちの笑い声は歩道に響き渡りました
|
But within 10 minutes, my father came outside, grabbed me by my forearm and led me into our room with an unfamiliar grip.
|
しかし10分も経たないうちに私の父がやってきて私の腕を掴むとこれまでにないような強い力で部屋に引っ張って行きました
|
Before I could say anything, tell him how foolish he had made me look in front of my friends, he derided me for being so naive.
|
私が何かを言う前に ― 友達の前で恥ずかしい思いをさせられたと父に言う前に父は私が世間知らずであることをあざ笑いました
|
Looked me in the eye, fear consuming his face, and said, "" Son, I'm sorry, but you can't act the same as your white friends.
|
私の目をじっと見て恐怖に溢れた面持ちで父はこう言ったのです「クリント悪いが ― お前は白人の友達と同じような行動はできないんだよ
|
You can't pretend to shoot guns.
|
銃を撃つまねをしたり
|
You can't run around in the dark.
|
暗闇で走り回ったりしてはいけない
|
You can't hide behind anything other than your own teeth. "" I know now how scared he must have been, how easily I could have fallen into the empty of the night, that some man would mistake this water for a good reason to wash all of this away.
|
自分の歯以外の物陰に身を隠してはいけないんだ」私はその時父が感じた恐怖を今になって理解できます私が夜の闇に飲まれて誰かが水を実弾と勘違いし最悪の事態になることもあったでしょう
|
These are the sorts of messages I've been inundated with my entire life: Always keep your hands where they can see them, don't move too quickly, take off your hood when the sun goes down.
|
私の人生はこのようなメッセージで溢れていました手はいつも見えるようにしろ手を速く動かすな日が沈んだらパーカーのフードは被るな
|
My parents raised me and my siblings in an armor of advice, an ocean of alarm bells so someone wouldn't steal the breath from our lungs, so that they wouldn't make a memory of this skin.
|
私の両親は私たち兄弟に「助言」という鎧を着せて育てました誰かに息の根を止められないよう肌の色を記憶されないよう多くのことに気を付けなければなりませんでした
|
So that we could be kids, not casket or concrete.
|
私たちが棺やコンクリートではなく子供でいられるように
|
And it's not because they thought it would make us better than anyone else it's simply because they wanted to keep us alive.
|
そしてこれは他の子供より良い子にするためではなくただ生きてほしかっただけなのです
|
All of my black friends were raised with the same message, the talk, given to us when we became old enough to be mistaken for a nail ready to be hammered to the ground, when people made our melanin synonymous with something to be feared.
|
黒人の友達は皆同じようなメッセージを受けて育ち出る杭は打たれるような年齢に達したり肌のメラニン色素が何か恐ろしいものであるように思われるたびに忠告を受けました
|
But what does it do to a child to grow up knowing that you cannot simply be a child?
|
でも考えてみてください「ただの子供ではいられない」と感じながら育つ子供のことを
|
That the whims of adolescence are too dangerous for your breath, that you cannot simply be curious, that you are not afforded the luxury of making a mistake, that someone's implicit bias might be the reason you don't wake up in the morning.
|
思春期の気まぐれが命取りになってしまうことや純粋に好奇心を感じることができず翌朝目覚めることがないかもしれないことを
|
But this cannot be what defines us.
|
しかし私たちはこれに定義されはしません
|
Because we have parents who raised us to understand that our bodies weren't meant for the backside of a bullet, but for flying kites and jumping rope, and laughing until our stomachs burst.
|
両親は私たちに教えてくれました私たちの体は銃弾の標的になるためでなく凧を上げたり縄跳びをしたりお腹を抱えて笑うためにあるのだと
|
We had teachers who taught us how to raise our hands in class, and not just to signal surrender, and that the only thing we should give up is the idea that we aren't worthy of this world.
|
学校の先生は降参の意味ではない授業中の手の挙げ方を教えてくれました自分に生きる価値がないという考えこそが捨て去るべき唯一のものだと
|
So when we say that black lives matter, it's not because others don't, it's simply because we must affirm that we are worthy of existing without fear, when so many things tell us we are not.
|
いくら否定されたとしても私たちには恐怖を感じることなく
|
I want to live in a world where my son will not be presumed guilty the moment he is born, where a toy in his hand isn't mistaken for anything other than a toy.
|
私は自分の息子が生まれた瞬間に悪さをしていると疑われ手にしているものが玩具以外の何かに見間違われることのない世界に生きたいです
|
Thank you.
|
ありがとうございました
|
(Applause)
|
( 拍手 )
|
Welcome to Thailand.
|
タイへようこそ
|
Now, when I was a young man — 40 years ago, the country was very, very poor with lots and lots and lots of people living in poverty.
|
私が若かった頃 40年も前になりますがタイは貧しい貧しい国で多くの人々が貧困にあえいでいました
|
We decided to do something about it, but we didn't begin with a welfare program or a poverty reduction program.
|
なにか対策をということになったのですが私たちが始めたのは福祉プログラムや貧困対策プログラムではありませんでした
|
But we began with a family-planning program, following a very successful maternal child health activity, sets of activities.
|
その代わりに家族計画プログラムを始めたのですその前には母子健康プログラムなどの活動が成功を収めていました
|
So basically, no one would accept family planning if their children didn't survive.
|
子供が大人になるまで生きることができなければ家族計画プログラムは受け入れられません
|
So the first step: get to the children, get to the mothers, and then follow up with family planning.
|
つまりまず取り組むべきは子供達や母親でありその後に家族計画が続くのです
|
Not just child mortality alone, you need also family planning.
|
小児死亡率だけが問題ではありません家族計画が必要となります
|
Now let me take you back as to why we needed to do it.
|
ではなぜ私たちがこの仕事に取り組み始めたのかを話しましょう
|
In my country, that was the case in 1974.
|
1974年のタイの状況はこうでした
|
Seven children per family — tremendous growth at 3.3 percent.
|
平均的な子供の数は7人人口増加率はなんと3.3パーセントであり
|
There was just no future.
|
どうしようもない状況です
|
We needed to reduce the population growth rate.
|
この増加率を下げなければなりませんでした
|
So we said, "" Let's do it. "" The women said, "" We agree. We'll use pills, but we need a doctor to prescribe the pills, "" and we had very, very few doctors.
|
「とにかく始めよう」としたのです女性たちは言いました「賛成ですピルを使いましょうでも処方してくれる医師がいないのです」医師が全く足りませんでした
|
We didn't take no as an answer; we took no as a question.
|
しかし諦めることなく解決策を探しました
|
We went to the nurses and the midwives, who were also women, and did a fantastic job at explaining how to use the pill.
|
女性である看護婦や助産婦に協力を求めたのです彼女たちはとても上手くピルの説明をしてくれました
|
That was wonderful, but it covered only 20 percent of the country.
|
これは素晴らしいことでしたがタイの20% しかカバーできなかったのです
|
What do we do for the other 80 percent — leave them alone and say, "" Well, they're not medical personnel. "" No, we decided to do a bit more.
|
では残りの80パーセントはどうすればいいのでしょうか何もせず「医療関係者ではないからね」では済みませんいいえ私たちはさらに活動を進めることにしました
|
So we went to the ordinary people that you saw.
|
一般の人々にお願いしたのです
|
Actually, below that yellow sign — I wish they hadn't wiped that, because there was "" Coca-Cola "" there.
|
黄色のサインが見えますがまだ消されていなければいいのですけど「コカコーラ」の店だったのです
|
We were so much bigger than Coca-Cola in those days.
|
今や我々の方がコカコーラより大きくなってしまいました
|
And no difference, the people they chose were the people we chose.
|
コカコーラが選んだ人々と我々が選んだ人々には違いがありません
|
They were well-known in the community, they knew that customers were always right, and they were terrific, and they practiced their family planning themselves.
|
その地域でよく知られた人々であり顧客が常に正しいことを理解していますそして自らも家族計画に参加していることが素晴らしい点です
|
So they could supply pills and condoms throughout the country, in every village of the country.
|
こういった人々を通じて国中のどの村にもピルやコンドームが届けることができたのです
|
So there we are. We went to the people who were seen as the cause of the problem to be the solution.
|
問題解決の妨げになっていると思われる人々のもとを訪れました
|
Wherever there were people — and you can see boats with the women, selling things — here's the floating market selling bananas and crabs and also contraceptives — wherever you find people, you'll find contraceptives in Thailand.
|
人がいるところはどこでも ― ボートに乗って物を売っている女性がいます水上市場ではバナナやカニの他に避妊具も売っています人がいるところであればどこでも避妊具を買うことができるのです
|
And then we decided, why not get to religion because in the Philippines, the Catholic Church was pretty strong, and Thai people were Buddhist.
|
その次には宗教にも活動を拡げることにしましたフィリピンではカトリックの影響が大きいのですがタイの人々は仏教徒です
|
We went to them and they said, "" Look, could you help us? "" I'm there — the one in blue, not the yellow — holding a bowl of holy water for the monk to sprinkle holy water on pills and condoms for the sanctity of the family.
|
「協力をお願いできますか」とお願いしました青い服が私です黄色い服ではありません家族の高潔を守るため僧侶がピルやコンドームにふりまく聖水の入った鉢を手にしています
|
And this picture was sent throughout the country.
|
この写真は国中でニュースになりました
|
So some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves.
|
地方の僧侶の中には自身で同様のことを行っている方もいました
|
And the women were saying, "" No wonder we have no side-effects.
|
「副作用がないのは祝福を受けているからね」
|
It's been blessed. "" That was their perception.
|
と女性は安心することができましたこれが彼女たちの印象でした
|
And then we went to teachers.
|
次は学校の先生たちです
|
You need everybody to be involved in trying to provide whatever it is that make humanity a better place.
|
人々の生活を良くすることに関係のある全ての人々に参加してもらう必要があるのです
|
So we went to the teachers.
|
そこで先生方にお願いしました
|
Over a quarter of a million were taught about family planning with a new alphabet — A, B for birth, C for condom, I for IUD, V for vasectomy.
|
25万人が家族計画について新しいアルファベットで勉強しました A, BはBirth (誕生), CはCondom (コンドーム), IはIUD (子宮内避妊用具) VはVasectomy (精管切除) と学習を受けました
|
And then we had a snakes and ladders game, where you throw dice.
|
サイコロがあれば「へびとはしご」の双六ゲームもやりました
|
If you land on anything pro-family planning, you move ahead.
|
家族計画に良いマスに止まれば進むことができます
|
Like, "" Mother takes the pill every night.
|
「お母さんは毎晩ピルを飲みますだと
|
Very good, mother. Move ahead.
|
お母さん、良くできました一マス進む
|
Uncle buys a condom. Very good, uncle. Move ahead.
|
叔父さんはコンドームを買います良くできました一マス進む
|
Uncle gets drunk, doesn't use condom. Come back, start again. "" (Laughter) Again, education, class entertainment.
|
叔父さんは酔っ払うとコンドームを使いませんスタートに戻る」などです ( 笑 ) 教育やクラスでの活動
|
And the kids were doing it in school too.
|
子供達は学校でも学んでいます
|
We had relay races with condoms, we had children's condom-blowing championship.
|
コンドームのリレーコンドームの膨らまし大会
|
And before long, the condom was know as the girl's best friend.
|
瞬く間にコンドームは女の子の一番の味方になりました
|
In Thailand, for poor people, diamonds don't make it — so the condom is the girl's best friend.
|
タイの貧しい人々にはダイアモンドは流行らないのですコンドームが女の子の無二の親友になりました
|
We introduced our first microcredit program in 1975, and the women who organized it said, "" We only want to lend to women who practice family planning.
|
1975年にはマイクロクレジット ( 少額融資計画 ) を導入しましたこのプロジェクトを管理・運営した女性たちは「家族計画を実践している女性への融資がしたかっただけです
|
If you're pregnant, take care of your pregnancy.
|
妊娠中であればそれに専念していただき
|
If you're not pregnant, you can take a loan out from us. "" And that was run by them.
|
妊娠していなければ我々から融資を得ることができるのです」と話していました
|
And after 35 / 36 years, it's still going on.
|
35, 36年経った今でもこのプログラムは続いており
|
It's a part of the Village Development Bank; it's not a real bank, but it's a fund — microcredit.
|
今ではVillage Development銀行の一部となっています本当の銀行ではなくファンドつまりマイクロクレジットです
|
And we didn't need a big organization to run it — it was run by the villagers themselves.
|
運営に大きな組織は不要でした村に住む人自らが運営を行っていたのです
|
And you probably hardly see a Thai man there, it's always women, women, women, women.
|
男性の参加はほとんど見られませんどこでも女性女性女性... です
|
And then we thought we'd help America, because America's been helping everyone, whether they want help or not.
|
次にアメリカにも支援ができるのではと考えましたアメリカは全ての人々を支援してきました支援される方の事情には関係なく
|
(Laughter) And this is on the Fourth of July.
|
( 笑 ) そして7月4日
|
We decided to provide vasectomy to all men, but in particular, American men to the front of the queue, right up to the Ambassador's residence during his [unclear].
|
全ての男性に精管切除手術を提供することにしました特に大使館邸まで続く行列の先頭に並んでいる人々に提供しようと考えたのです
|
And the hotel gave us the ballroom for it — very appropriate room.
|
ホテルはボールルームを提供してくれました正にピッタリの部屋です
|
(Laughter) And since it was near lunch time, they said, "" All right, we'll give you some lunch.
|
( 笑 ) 昼休みが近かったので「よしお昼をごちそうしよう
|
Of course, it must be American cola.
|
もちろんアメリカのコーラ
|
You get two brands, Coke and Pepsi.
|
コークとペプシどちらもあるよ
|
And then the food is either hamburger or hotdog. "" And I thought a hotdog will be more symbolic.
|
食べ物はハンバーガかホットドッグ」と呼びかけたのですまあホットドッグの方がピッタリだったのですけど
|
(Laughter) And here is this, then, young man called Willy Bohm who worked for the USAID.
|
( 笑 ) この国際開発庁で働く若い男性ウィリーボームと呼ばれていますが
|
Obviously, he's had his vasectomy because his hotdog is half eaten, and he was very happy.
|
精管切除の手術を受けたことは明白ですホットドッグは半分食べてありますし幸せそうでしょう
|
It made a lot of news in America, and it angered some people also.
|
米国内でニュースになり怒りを感じる人々もいました
|
I said, "" Don't worry. Come over and I'll do the whole lot of you. "" (Laughter) And what happened?
|
「安心してくれ来れば君たちにも手術してあげよう」と言いましたが ( 笑 ) その後どうなったでしょうか ?
|
In all this thing, from seven children to 1.5 children, population growth rate of 3.3 to 0.5.
|
このように一世帯当たりの子供の数は7から1.5人へ人口増加率は3.3% から0.5% へ減少しました
|
You could call it the Coca-Cola approach if you like — it was exactly the same thing.
|
コカコーラ戦略と呼んでいただいても構いません全く同じことなのですから
|
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