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And this beauty is the foundation of the tourism industry in many countries with few or little other natural resources.
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ãã®çŸããã¯ä»ã«ããŸã倩ç¶è³æºãæããªã â å€ãã®åœã§èгå
ç£æ¥ã®åºç€ãæããŠããŸã
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So for all of these reasons, all of these ecosystem services, economists estimate the value of the world's coral reefs in the hundreds of billions of dollars per year.
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ãã®ãããªçç± â çæ
ç³»ãžã®è²¢ç®åºŠããçµæžåŠè
ã¯ãµã³ãŽç€ã¯äžçå
šäœã§æ¯å¹Žæ°åå
åã®äŸ¡å€ãçã¿åºããŠãããšèŠç©ãã£ãŠããŸã
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And yet despite all that hard work being done for us and all that wealth that we gain, we have done almost everything we possibly could to destroy that.
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ããçšãŸã§ã«æã
ã«ãšã£ãŠåœ¹ç«ã¡å¯ãçã¿åºããŠããã®ã«ãé¢ãããæã
ãè¡ã£ãŠããããšã¯ãµã³ãŽç€ãç Žå£ã«å°ããããªãããšã°ããã§ã
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We have taken the fish out of the oceans and we have added in fertilizer, sewage, diseases, oil, pollution, sediments.
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æµ·ã®éãæç²ãè¥æãæ±æ°Žç
åäœãæ²¹ãæ±æãåå£ãããæµããŠããŸãã
|
We have trampled the reefs physically with our boats, our fins, our bulldozers, and we have changed the chemistry of the entire sea, warmed the waters and made storms worse.
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ããŒãããã£ã³ããã«ããŒã¶ãŒã§ç©ççãªãã¡ãŒãžããµã³ãŽç€ã«äžããŸãããŸãæµ·æŽå
šäœã®ååŠçæ§è³ªãå€ãæ°Žæž©ãäžæããããåµã®çšåºŠãæªåãããŸãã
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And these would all be bad on their own, but these threats magnify each other and compound one another and make each other worse.
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ãããã¯åã
ã«ãæªã圱é¿ãåãŒããŸãããããã®è
åšãäºãã®äœçšã匷ãåãè€éã«çµ¡ã¿åã£ãŠäºæ
ãæªåãããŸã
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I'll give you an example.
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äŸãæããŸã
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Where I live and work, in Curaçao, a tropical storm went by a few years ago.
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ç§ãäœã¿ä»äºãããŠãããã¥ã©ãœãŒã§æ°å¹Žåã«å°é¢šãééããŸãã
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And on the eastern end of the island, where the reefs are intact and thriving, you could barely tell a tropical storm had passed.
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å³¶ã®æ±ç«¯ã§ã¯ãµã³ãŽç€ã¯ç¡å·ã®ãŸãŸã§ç¹æ ããŠããå°é¢šãééããåœ¢è·¡ã¯æ®ã©èŠããããŸããã§ãã
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But in town, where corals had died from overfishing, from pollution, the tropical storm picked up the dead corals and used them as bludgeons to kill the corals that were left.
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ãããéã®ä¹±ç²ãæ±æã«ãããµã³ãŽãæ»æ»
ããçºã®è¿ãã§ã¯æ»ãã ãµã³ãŽãå°é¢šã«ãã£ãŠãŸãæ£ããããããå¶åšãšãªã£ãŠçãæ®ã£ãŠãããµã³ãŽãŸã§æ»æ»
ãããã®ã§ã
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This is a coral that I studied during my PhD â I got to know it quite well.
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ãããç§ãå士課çšã§ç ç©¶ããŠãããµã³ãŽã§ãšãŠãããç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
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And after this storm took off half of its tissue, it became infested with algae, the algae overgrew the tissue and that coral died.
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åµããµã³ãŽã®çµç¹ãååã»ã©å¥ãããŠããŸããšè»ã«ãã£ãŠæ±æããè»ã ïŒ å
±çãããµã³ãŽäœå
ã§ ïŒ éå°ã«è²ã¡ãµã³ãŽã¯æ»ãã ã®ã§ã
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This magnification of threats, this compounding of factors is what Jeremy Jackson describes as the "" slippery slope to slime. "" It's hardly even a metaphor because many of our reefs now are literally bacteria and algae and slime.
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ãã®ããã«è
åšãæ¡å€§ãèŠå ãéãªã£ãŠããããšããžã§ã¬ããŒã»ãžã£ã¯ãœã³ã¯ãããããžã®è»¢èœããšè¡šçŸããŠããŸãããã¯æ¯å©ç衚çŸãšã¯èšããŸããäºå®ä»ãå€ãã®ãµã³ãŽç€ãæåéã现èãè»ãããããšåããŠããã®ã§ã
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Now, this is the part of the talk where you may expect me to launch into my plea for us to all save the coral reefs.
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ãããŸã§ãèãã«ãªããšç§ãããµã³ãŽç€ãæããŸãããããšãé¡ãããããšæããããããããŸãã
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But I have a confession to make: that phrase drives me nuts.
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ã§ãçœç¶ãããšå
ã»ã©ã®èšèãç§ã«æ°ãå€ã«ãããã®ã§ã
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Whether I see it in a tweet, in a news headline or the glossy pages of a conservation brochure, that phrase bothers me, because we as conservationists have been sounding the alarms about the death of coral reefs for decades.
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ããããã€ãã¿ãŒã ãããšãã¥ãŒã¹ã®ãããã©ã€ã³ã ãããšç°å¢ä¿è·ã«é¢ããç«æŽŸãªãã³ãã¬ããã®äžã§ããããšãã®èšèã¯ç§ãæ©ãŸããã®ã§ããšããã®ãæã
ç°å¢ä¿è·äž»çŸ©è
ãã¡ã¯äœå幎ãåãããµã³ãŽã®æ»æ»
ã«ã€ããŠèŠéã鳎ãããŠããŸããã
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And yet, almost everyone I meet, no matter how educated, is not sure what a coral is or where they come from.
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æªã ãã£ãŠç§ãäŒãã»ãšãã©ã®äººãã¡ã¯ã©ãã»ã©æé€ããã£ãŠããµã³ãŽãšã¯äœãã©ãè²ã€ã®ããç¥ããªãã®ã§ã
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How would we get someone to care about the world's coral reefs when it's an abstract thing they can barely understand?
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äžçäžã®ãµã³ãŽç€ã®ä¿è·ãæ®ã©ã®çè§£ã®ã§ããªãæœè±¡çãªãã®ãªãã°èª°ã«æ°ã«ãããŠããããã§ããã ïŒ
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If they don't understand what a coral is or where it comes from, or how funny or interesting or beautiful it is, why would we expect them to care about saving them?
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ãµã³ãŽãšã¯äœã§ããã©ãè²ã€ã®ããŸã â ããã«æãããè峿·±ãçŸããã®ãç¥ããªããã°ãµã³ãŽã®ä¿è·ã圌ãã«æåŸ
ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã ïŒ
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So let's change that.
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ããããå€ããŠãããŸããã
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What is a coral and where does it come from?
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ãµã³ãŽãšã¯äœã§ããã©ãè²ã€ã®ã§ãããã ïŒ
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Corals are born in a number of different ways, but most often by mass spawning: all of the individuals of a single species on one night a year, releasing all the eggs they've made that year into the water column, packaged into bundles with sperm cells.
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ãµã³ãŽã®çèªã¯æ§ã
ã§ãäžæã«ç£åµããŸã ïŒå¹ŽãããŠäœãããåµãæ°Žäžã«ç²Ÿå现èãšå
±ã«å¡ããªããŠäžæ°ã«è§£ãæŸãããŸã
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And those bundles go to the surface of the ocean and break apart.
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ãã®å¡ã¯æµ·æ°Žé¢ãžãšå°éãããšãã©ãã©ã«ãªããŸã
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And hopefully â hopefully â at the surface of the ocean, they meet the eggs and sperm from other corals.
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æµ·æ°Žé¢ã§äžæãè¡ãã° â æ¬åœã«ããŸãè¡ãã°ã§ãã â ä»ã®ãµã³ãŽããæµããŠããåµåã粟åãšåºäŒããŸã
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And that is why you need lots of corals on a coral reef â so that all of their eggs can meet their match at the surface.
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ãµã³ãŽç€ã«å€ãã®ãµã³ãŽãå¿
èŠãšãããã®ã¯ãã®ããã§ãå€ãã®åµãæ°Žé¢ã§å粟ã§ããããšã«ãªãããã§ã
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When they're fertilized, they do what any other animal egg does: divides in half again and again and again.
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å粟ãããšä»ã®åç©ã®åµãšåãããã«çްèã¯ïŒåãŸãïŒåãžãšåè£ããŠãããŸã
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Taking these photos under the microscope every year is one of my favorite and most magical moments of the year.
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é¡åŸ®é¡ã«ã¡ã©ã§æ¯å¹Žãã®ãããªåçãæ®ãããšã ïŒå¹Žã®ãã¡ã§ç§ã®å€§å¥œããªãããŠæãç¥ç§çãªäžç¬ã§ã
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At the end of all this cell division, they turn into a swimming larva â a little tiny blob of fat the size of a poppy seed, but with all of the sensory systems that we have.
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现èåè£ã®çµãããè¿ãããšæ³³ãããšã®ã§ãã幌çã«ãªããŸãããã¯èèªã§ã§ããŠããŠã±ã·ã®çš®ã»ã©ã®ãšãŠãå°ããªçã®ããã§ãããã§ãæã
ãšåæ§ã®æèŠåšå®ãæã£ãŠããŸã
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They can sense color and light, textures, chemicals, pH.
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è²ãå
ã衚é¢ã®æããååŠæåã pHãæ€ç¥ããããšãã§ããŸã
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They can even feel pressure waves; they can hear sound.
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å§åã®æ³¢ãæããããšãã§ããŸãã€ãŸãé³ãèãããšãã§ããŸã
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And they use those talents to search the bottom of the reef for a place to attach and live the rest of their lives.
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ãã®ãããªèœåãæŽ»ãããŠçåºãçæ¶¯ã®æ£²ã¿åŠãšãããµã³ãŽã®è¡šé¢ãæ¢ããŸã
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So imagine finding a place where you would live the rest of your life when you were just two days old.
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çãŸããŠãããïŒæ¥ç®ã«äžçäœãããšã«ãªãå Žæãæ¢ãããšãæ³åããŠã¿ãŠäžãã
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They attach in the place they find most suitable, they build a skeleton underneath themselves, they build a mouth and tentacles, and then they begin the difficult work of building the world's coral reefs.
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æé©ãªå ŽæãèŠã€ããŠçåºãããäœã®äžã«éªšæ Œãç¯ãå£ãè§Šæãæé·ãããµã³ãŽç€ã圢æãããšããå°é£ãªä»äºãéå§ããŸã
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One coral polyp will divide itself again and again and again, leaving a limestone skeleton underneath itself and growing up toward the sun.
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ãµã³ãŽã®ããªã ïŒåã¯äœåºŠãåå¢ãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã§äžåŽã«ç³ç°ç³ã§ã§ããéªšæ Œãé ã倪éœã®å
ã®æ¹åãžãšæé·ããŠãããŸã
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Given hundreds of years and many species, what you get is a massive limestone structure that can be seen from space in many cases, covered by a thin skin of these hardworking animals.
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äœçŸå¹Žãçµã€ãšå€ãã®çš®ãäžäœãšãªã£ãŠå€§ããªç³ç°ç³ã®æ§é ç©ãã§ããããå€ãã®å Žåå®å®ç©ºéãããèŠãããšãã§ããŸããã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯ãã®ããã«åãè
ã®çãç©ãããŸã
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Now, there are only a few hundred species of corals on the planet, maybe 1,000.
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ãã®å°çäžã«ãããµã³ãŽã®çš®ã¯ãããæ°çŸãããã¯åçš®é¡ã ãã§ã
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But these systems house millions and millions of other species, and that diversity is what stabilizes the systems, and it's where we're finding our new medicines.
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ããããã®çæ
ç³»ã«ã¯äœçŸäžãã®çš®ã棲ãã§ããŠãã®å€æ§æ§ãçæ
ç³»ãå®å®ãããŠããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯æ°ããè¬ãèŠã€ãããããããŸãã
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It's how we find new sources of food.
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æ°ããªé£ç³§ãèŠã€ããæããããããã§ããã
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I'm lucky enough to work on the island of Curaçao, where we still have reefs that look like this.
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ç§ã¯ãã¥ã©ãœãŒå³¶ã§ç ç©¶ããæ©äŒã«æµãŸããŸããããã§ã¯ä»ã§ããã®ãããªãµã³ãŽãç®ã«ããŸã
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But, indeed, much of the Caribbean and much of our world is much more like this.
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ãããã«ãªãæµ·ã¯ããäžçäžã®ã»ãšãã©ã«æ®ãããŠããã®ã¯ãã®ãããªãã®ã§ã
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Scientists have studied in increasing detail the loss of the world's coral reefs, and they have documented with increasing certainty the causes.
|
ç§åŠè
ãã¡ã¯å€±ãããããµã³ãŽç€ã«ã€ããŠãããŸã§ä»¥äžã«è©³çްã調ã¹ãŠãããµã³ãŽã®æžå°çç±ã¯ããé«ãä¿¡é ŒåºŠã§ãã£ãŠå ±åãããŠããŸã
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But in my research, I'm not interested in looking backward.
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ãããç§ã®ç ç©¶ã¯éå»ã®çµç·¯ã調ã¹ãããšã§ã¯ãªã
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My colleagues and I in Curaçao are interested in looking forward at what might be.
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仲éãã¡ãšå
±ã«ãã¥ã©ãœãŒã§ãµã³ãŽç€ã®è¡ãæ«ãç ç©¶ããããšããŠããŸã
|
And we have the tiniest reason to be optimistic.
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ç§ãã¡ã¯å
ããªãããæ¥œèгçãªèŠéããæã£ãŠããŸã
|
Because even in some of these reefs that we probably could have written off long ago, we sometimes see baby corals arrive and survive anyway.
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ãšããã®ã¯ãã®ãããªãµã³ãŽç€ã®äžã«ã¯ãã£ãšåã«èŠæŸãããã§ããããšæããããããªãã®ããããŸããããã§ã¯å¹Œçãµã³ãŽã®çåãèŠãããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ã
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And we're starting to think that baby corals may have the ability to adjust to some of the conditions that the adults couldn't.
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幌çãµã³ãŽã«ã¯å€§äººã®ãµã³ãŽãé©å¿ã§ããªããããªç¶æ³ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšç§ãã¡ã¯èãå§ããŸãã
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They may be able to adjust ever so slightly more readily to this human planet.
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人éã®äœããã®å°çã«ãããŠãµã³ãŽã¯ã»ãã®å°ãã ãé©å¿åãé«ããŠããã®ãããããŸãã
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So in the research I do with my colleagues in Curaçao, we try to figure out what a baby coral needs in that critical early stage, what it's looking for and how we can try to help it through that process.
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ããã§ç§ã¯ä»²éãã¡ãšå
±ã«ãããã¥ã©ãœãŒã§å¹Œçãµã³ãŽãçåããããã«æã倧äºãªææã«å¿
èŠãªãã®æ±ããŠãããã®ãããŠãã®éçšã§ç§ãã¡ã«ã§ããããšãæ¢ãåºãããšããŠããŸã
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I'm going to show you three examples of the work we've done to try to answer those questions.
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ãããã®åãã«çããããã«ç§ãã¡ãè¡ã£ã ïŒã€ã®äŸããèŠãããŸããã
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A few years ago we took a 3D printer and we made coral choice surveys â different colors and different textures, and we simply asked the coral where they preferred to settle.
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æ°å¹Žåã« 3Dããªã³ã¿ãŒã䜿ã£ãŠãµã³ãŽã®å¥œã¿ã調æ»ããŸããç°ãªããè²ããã衚é¢ã®è³ªæããçšæããµã³ãŽãå¥œãæ£²ã¿åŠã調ã¹ããšããåçŽãªå®éšã§ã
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And we found that corals, even without the biology involved, still prefer white and pink, the colors of a healthy reef.
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çç©åŠçã§ãªãå®éšã§ããããã§åãã£ãããšã¯çœããã³ã¯è²ã奜ããšããããšã§ãå¥åº·çãªãµã³ãŽã®è²ã§ã
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And they prefer crevices and grooves and holes, where they will be safe from being trampled or eaten by a predator.
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ãŸãå²ãç®ãæºããã«ç©Žã奜ã¿ãŸãããã¯èžã¿ã€ãããããæé£è
ã«æãããããããšã®ãªãå®å
šãªå Žæã ããã§ã
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So we can use this knowledge, we can go back and say we need to restore those factors â that pink, that white, those crevices, those hard surfaces â in our conservation projects.
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ãããã£ãŠåŸãç¥èããä¿è·ãããžã§ã¯ãã§å¿
èŠãªããšã¯ãã³ã¯ãçœãå²ãç®ã硬ã衚é¢ãšãã£ãèŠçŽ ã埩å
ãããããšãå¿
èŠã§ãããšèšããŸã
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We can also use that knowledge if we're going to put something underwater, like a sea wall or a pier.
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åŸãããç¥èãå
ã«é²æ³¢å €ãå é ã®æ°Žé¢äžã«äœããèšçœ®ããããšãèããããã§ããã
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We can choose to use the materials and colors and textures that might bias the system back toward those corals.
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ãµã³ãŽã奜ãç°å¢ãžãšå€ããã¹ãçŽ æãè²ãæ§é ãéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸã
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Now in addition to the surfaces, we also study the chemical and microbial signals that attract corals to reefs.
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衚é¢ã®æ§è³ªã«ãšã©ãŸãããµã³ãŽãç€ãžãšåŒãå¯ãããããªååŠçæåã埮çç©ã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠãç ç©¶ããŠããŸã
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Starting about six years ago, I began culturing bacteria from surfaces where corals had settled.
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ïŒå¹Žåã®ããšã§ããµã³ãŽã棲ã¿ã€ãã衚é¢ããæ¡åãã â ãã¯ããªã¢ãç¹æ®ãããŸãã
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And I tried those one by one by one, looking for the bacteria that would convince corals to settle and attach.
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ïŒã€ïŒã€è©Šãããšã§ãµã³ãŽã«å®çããããä¿ããã¯ããªã¢ãæ¢ãåºãããšããŸãã
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And we now have many bacterial strains in our freezer that will reliably cause corals to go through that settlement and attachment process.
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ä»ã§ã¯ãµã³ãŽã確å®ã«çåºã棲ã¿åŠãšããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãããªå€ãã®ãã¯ããªã¢æ ªãå·èµåº«ã«ä¿åããŠããŸã
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So as we speak, my colleagues in Curaçao are testing those bacteria to see if they'll help us raise more coral settlers in the lab, and to see if those coral settlers will survive better when we put them back underwater.
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ä»ãã®ç¬éã«ããã¥ã©ãœãŒã«ããç§ã®ååã¯ãããã®ãã¯ããªã¢ãç 究宀ã®ãµã³ãŽãããå€ãè²ã€ã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã®ããŸã â ãããæµ·æ°Žã«æ»ããæã«ããé«ãçåçãåŸãããã®ã確ãããŠããŸã
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Now in addition to these tools, we also try to uncover the mysteries of species that are under-studied.
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ãã®ãããªææ®µã詊ãã ãã§ãªããŸã ç ç©¶ãååã«ãªãããŠããªãçš®ã®è¬ãè§£ãæããããšããŠããŸã
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This is one of my favorite corals, and always has been: dendrogyra cylindrus, the pillar coral.
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ããã¯ãã£ãšç§ã®ãæ°ã«å
¥ãã§ããåŠåãã³ãããžã£ã€ã©ã»ã·ãªã³ãã©ã¹ãšãããã·ã©ãµã³ãŽã§ã
|
I love it because it makes this ridiculous shape, because its tentacles are fat and look fuzzy and because it's rare.
|
æ°ã«å
¥ã£ãŠããçç±ã¯å€ãªå§¿ãããŠããŠå€ªã£ã¡ããªè§Šè§ããããããããçšãªçš®ã ããã§ã
|
Finding one of these on a reef is a treat.
|
ãããèŠã€ããããšã¯ãè€çŸãšãããŸã
|
In fact, it's so rare, that last year it was listed as a threatened species on the endangered species list.
|
å®éããŸãã«ãçããæšå¹Žåç¶ã®å±æ©ã«ããçš®ãšããŠçµ¶æ»
屿§çš®ã«ç»é²ãããŸãã
|
And this was in part because in over 30 years of research surveys, scientists had never found a baby pillar coral.
|
ãã®çç±ã®ã²ãšã€ã¯ç§åŠè
ãã¡ã¯éå»30幎éã®èª¿æ»ã«ãããŠå¹Œçã®ãã·ã©ãµã³ãŽãèŠãããšããªãã£ãããã§ã
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We weren't even sure if they could still reproduce, or if they were still reproducing.
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ãã®ãµã³ãŽãåçã§ããã®ãåçéçšã«ããã®ããç¥ããŸããã§ãã
|
So four years ago, we started following these at night and watching to see if we could figure out when they spawn in Curaçao.
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ïŒå¹Žåããå€é調æ»ãéå§ããã¥ã©ãœãŒã§ã®æåµææã確ãããããšããŸãã
|
We got some good tips from our colleagues in Florida, who had seen one in 2007, one in 2008, and eventually we figured out when they spawn in Curaçao and we caught it.
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ç§ãã¡ã¯ãããªãã«äœãååããããå©èšãåŸãŸãã 2007幎ãš2008幎ã«ïŒåºŠãã€æåµãç®æãã人ã§ãã®ãããã§ãã¥ã©ãœãŒã§ã®æåµææãè§£ãæãã芳å¯ããããšãã§ããŸãã
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Here's a female on the left with some eggs in her tissue, about to release them into the seawater.
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å·Šã«ããã®ãã¡ã¹ã§äœå
ã«åµãæ±ããŠããæµ·äžãžãšæåµãããšããã§ã
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And here's a male on the right, releasing sperm.
|
å³åŽã¯ãªã¹ã§ç²Ÿåãè§£ãæŸã€ãšããã§ã
|
We collected this, we got it back to the lab, we got it to fertilize and we got baby pillar corals swimming in our lab.
|
ãããæ¡åããŠç ç©¶å®€ã«æã¡åž°ãå粟ãããŸãããã·ã©ãµã³ãŽã®èµ€ã¡ãããç ç©¶å®€ã§æ³³ãã§ããŸã
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So this is the first pillar coral baby that anyone ever saw.
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ãããåããŠç®ã«ãããã·ã©ãµã³ãŽã®èµ€ã¡ããã§ã
|
(Applause) And I have to say â if you think baby pandas are cute, this is cuter.
|
ïŒ ææ ïŒ æèšããŸããã³ãã®èµ€ã¡ããã¯ãããããããããŸãããããã¯ãã£ãšããããã§ãã
|
(Laughter) So we're starting to figure out the secrets to this process, the secrets of coral reproduction and how we might help them.
|
ïŒ ç¬ ïŒ æã
ã¯ãµã³ãŽã®åçéçšã®ç§å¯ãšãããå©ããæ¹æ³ãçè§£ãå§ããŠããŸã
|
But this is still so low-tech.
|
ããã§ãæè©®é«åºŠãªæè¡ã䜿ã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸãã
|
We are limited by the space on our bench, the number of hands in the lab and the number of coffees we can drink in any given hour.
|
ç ç©¶ã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã人æãéãããŠããã®ã§ã³ãŒããŒã飲ãã§ããããæéãããŸããããŸãã
|
Now, compare that to our other crises and our other areas of concern as a society.
|
瀟äŒã«ãããä»ã®å±æ©ãé¢å¿ããšãšæ¯èŒããŠã¿ãŸããã
|
We have advanced medical technology, we have defense technology, we have scientific technology, we even have advanced technology for art.
|
å
é²çãªå»çæè¡é²è¡æè¡ç§åŠæè¡ããã«èžè¡åéã§ã®å
端æè¡ãããããŸã
|
But our technology for conservation is behind.
|
ãããä¿è·ã®æè¡ã¯ç«ã¡é
ããŠããŸã
|
Think back to the most difficult job you ever did.
|
ããªããçµéšãããã£ãšã倧å€ãªä»äºãæãåºããŠãã ãã
|
Many of you would say it was being a parent.
|
ããã¯èŠªã«ãªã£ãããšã ãšèšã人ãå€ãããšã§ããã
|
My mother described being a parent as something that makes your life far more amazing and far more difficult than you could've ever possibly imagined.
|
ç§ã®æ¯ã¯ããèšããŸãã芪ã«ãªãããšã¯æ³åãã以äžã«èªãã®ç掻ãã¯ããã«çŽ æŽããããã²ã©ãå°é£ã«ããããŠããŸãã®ã ãš
|
I've been trying to help corals become parents for over 10 years now.
|
ç§ã¯ãããŸã§10幎éãµã³ãŽã芪ãšãªãæå©ãã詊ã¿ãŠããŸãã
|
And watching the wonder of life has certainly filled me with amazement to the core of my soul.
|
èªç¶ã®ç¥ç§ãèŠãã«ã€ãç§ã®å¿ã¯è¯ãŸã§é©ãã«æºããããŠããŸãã
|
But I've also seen how difficult it is for them to become parents.
|
ããããµã³ãŽã芪ã«ãªãé£ãããèŠãŠããŸãã
|
The pillar corals spawned again two weeks ago, and we collected their eggs and brought them back to the lab.
|
ïŒé±éåã«ããã·ã©ãµã³ãŽãç£åµããããéããŠç ç©¶å®€ã«æã¡åž°ããŸãã
|
And here you see one embryo dividing, alongside 14 eggs that didn't fertilize and will blow up.
|
ïŒã€ã®èã现èåè£ããŠããã®ãã芧ã«ãªããŸããäžæ¹ã§14åã®åµã¯åµåããŸããã§ãããããç Žè£ããŸã
|
They'll be infected with bacteria, they will explode and those bacteria will threaten the life of this one embryo that has a chance.
|
ãã¯ããªã¢ã«ææãç Žè£ããã®ã§ãçãå»¶ã³ãå¯èœæ§ã®ãã幌çãµã³ãŽããã¯ããªã¢ã®è
åšã«æãããŠããŸããŸã
|
We don't know if it was our handling methods that went wrong and we don't know if it was just this coral on this reef, always suffering from low fertility.
|
ã©ã®ãããªäžåããã£ãŠãããªã£ãŠããŸã£ãã®ãç§ãã¡ã¯çè§£ããŠããŸããçåçã®äœãã¯ãã®ãµã³ãŽç€ã®ãµã³ãŽã ãã®åé¡ã ã£ãã®ã§ãããã
|
Whatever the cause, we have much more work to do before we can use baby corals to grow or fix or, yes, maybe save coral reefs.
|
åå ãäœã§ãã幌çãµã³ãŽãæé·ããçåºãããµã³ãŽç€ãæãã«ã¯ããã¹ãããšãå€ããããŸã
|
So never mind that they're worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
|
ãµã³ãŽã«äœåå
åã®äŸ¡å€ãããããšã¯ã²ãšãŸãå¿ããŸããã
|
Coral reefs are hardworking animals and plants and microbes and fungi.
|
ãµã³ãŽç€ã¯ãããããšåãåç©ãæ€ç©ã埮çç©ãèé¡ãããªã
|
They're providing us with art and food and medicine.
|
審çŸçãªçŸãããé£ç³§ãè¬ãæã
ã«æäŸããŠããŸã
|
And we almost took out an entire generation of corals.
|
æã
人é¡ã¯äžäžä»£åã®ãµã³ãŽãæ ¹ãããã«ããŠããŸã£ããããªãã®ã§ã
|
But a few made it anyway, despite our best efforts, and now it's time for us to thank them for the work they did and give them every chance they have to raise the coral reefs of the future, their coral babies.
|
人éã«ããç Žå£ã«ããããããããããã¯çãæ®ããŸãããµã³ãŽã人éã«ãããããæµã¿ã«å¯Ÿãä»ãæã
ãæè¬ããçªã§ãããããææ®µãè¬ããŠå°æ¥ã®ãµã³ãŽç€ã§ãã幌çãµã³ãŽãè²ãŠãªããã°ãªããŸãã
|
Thank you so much.
|
ã©ããæé£ãããããŸãã
|
(Applause)
|
ïŒ ææ ïŒ
|
Growing up, I didn't always understand why my parents made me follow the rules that they did.
|
åäŸã®é ç§ã¯äž¡èŠªããªãã«ãŒã«ã«åŸãããã«èšãã®ãããåãããŸããã§ãã
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