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ู„ูƒู† ุณุคุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู† ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู….
but my question is about the fee structure.
ู„ุฃู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุชุญู…ู„ ู†ูู‚ุงุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
because, there are many parents which cannot afford some of the private schools.
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุธุงู… ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
where there might be a very good learning system.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
so, what do you think about such cases when it comes to the children.
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู„ุฃุจู†ุงุฆู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุฏุฑุณูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุชุญู…ู„ ู†ูู‚ุงุชู‡ุง.
because they want their children to study in a very good schools but they cannot afford.
ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุจุชูƒูุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆุชูุงุนู„ูŠ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุนู….
such new learning system which can be very innovative and interactive to their kids. so, yeah.
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู.
thank you. let's take the question behind at the back.
ุฃู†ุง ุฑู†ุง ุฏูŠุฌุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู„ ุฃูˆู ุฑูŠุฏูŠู†ุฌ.
, I am Rana Dijani from Wheel Of Reading.
ุณุคุงู„ูŠ ู„ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู….
my question for Iqbal is to challenge the method of assessment.
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง ู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
that you are using to evaluate these different programs
ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุณ.
especially in the context of yesterday's discussion.
ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูุดู„.
about how do we measure what does failure mean.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ.
and if somebody does not fit the standardized assessment method.
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุคุฏูˆู† ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงูู.
and we consider them that they are not doing good enough.
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู…ูƒ.
then how could we use your method of assessment.
ู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู‹ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠู‹ุง ู…ุจุชูƒุฑ ุฃู… ู„ุง ู…ุคู‡ู„ ุฃู… ู„ุง.
to assess if an educational program is innovative or not or qualified or not.
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
thank you.
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
and then there is the one over there.
ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑููˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
is there anyone who got the microphone over there.
ู†ุนู… ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตู 3. ุชูุถู„.
yeah and then there is one down here as well, just here in the 3rd raw. go ahead.
ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠู† ูƒุฑุงููŠุชุฒ ู…ู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฑูˆุชู„ุงู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠุฑู…ูˆู†ุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
yeah, hi I am Jane Kravitz from Rutland High School in Vermont US.
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
in a lot of what we were talking about is private schools.
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุตุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
and in frugal innovation in private schools.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุฃู„ ุนู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ.
and I am wondering if private schools are the only places.
ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ู…ู‚ุชุตุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
we can have frugal innovation and given the government budget constraints.
ุฃู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ.
cannot those happen in public schools.
ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุฃูˆุณุน ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูู‚ุทุŸ
and that would be far more scalable than just a private school system?
ุนุธูŠู… ุซู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุฅุฐุง ุฑูุนุช ูŠุฏูƒุŒ ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุนู….
great and then there is gentleman if you put your hand up, there just there yeah.
ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุงุŒ ุงุณู…ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
hello, my name is I am from a program from India.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
actually, I want to comment about the limitation also.
ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุงุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ.
called standardized kind of teaching program.
ูˆุงู„ุดูƒ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู…ุจุชูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ุจุฏุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูู„.
and the doubt about whether it can lead to the innovative or creative learning by the children.
ุฃุนู‚ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูุฑู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡.
I think it is useful to differentiate that .
ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงุซู†ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุทูุงู„.
in the learning process there are two there is a teacher and there is also children.
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุถุน ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ "ู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…".
now, even if you are standardizing "the role of a teacher".
ูุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ูˆุถุน ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†.
actually it is not standardized it is not possible.
ูƒู„ ุงู†ุณุงู† ูŠุชุตุฑู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„.
each human being acts in a unique manner anyway.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ุซู„ ุจุฑูŠุฏุฌูŠุฒ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
so no program as Bridges or anything else.
ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆุถุน ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„.
can standardize teacher behavior's in the class.
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุณูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆุถุน ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ู„ู‡.
but more importantly, child's behavior is nothing standardized.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุถุน ุดุฑุทู‹ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงุณุชุจูŠุงู† ุตุงุฏู‚.
so, you can create condition even so called standardized believed in model.
ู„ู†ูˆุน ุจุฑูŠุฏุฌูŠุฒ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุทูู„.
of the Bridges type or this type which gives ample space for the child.
ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุจุฏุนู‹ุง ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน .
to be still creative and do whatever innovation he or she is capable
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
thank you.
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู† ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
thank you. so Iqbal, there are couple of questions for you there.
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู† ููŠุฑู…ูˆู†ุช.
one about evaluation, but also I think this question [REP about from Vermont.
ุงู„ุฐูŠุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑูŠ ูŠุถุน ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
which is; is not the most frugal approach to create new models for government systems.
ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
to be much more effective.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนู€ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
actually, that is what a school in has done.
ุฃู†ุดุฆูŠ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู‹ุง ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู.
it has created a software for the government to assist them to work differently.
ุณุชุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
you will pick up those questions.
ู†ุนู… ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุณุฃุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุซู… ู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠู†.
yes sure I will take a few and I then I will the rest to my co-panelist.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
so, let's start with the last one.
ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุตุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุฏุฉ.
the frugal innovations in government schools are absolutely on the mark.
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ุชู„ุนุจู‡.
I think private schools have a role to play.
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุขู†.
but if you look at the statistics for now.
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ ูŠูˆู†ูŠูƒูˆ ููŠ 2008.
I think at least the last UNICCO study in 2008.
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุฃู† 10-20ูช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌู„ูŠู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
which said 10-20% of the enrolled kids go to private schools.
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ 9ูช.
and that varies from Sub-Saharan Africa I think which is 9%.
ูˆุฑุจู…ุง 20ูช ููŠ ุดุฑู‚ ุขุณูŠุง.
and maybe 20% in East Asia.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 80ูช ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
so, clearly there is an 80% you know children.
ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ.
who are still going to government schools in developing countries.
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
and then if you think about the private school fees.
ูˆุณุขุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„.
and I will come to that question in a little bit.
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุฒูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰.
then the private school's minister will be not be able to get to this .
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุฃุฏุงุก ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ.
you know, the lowest performing students or .
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูุดู„ูˆู† ูุถู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฏุฎู„ุงู‹.
who are failing well correlated as also being the lowest income households.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„.
so a lot of these models can actually work.
ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
well at least some of these models can work very very well in government settings.
ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู…ุซู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง.
let me give you a couple of examples quickly.
ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
the first one is teaching at the right level.
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู† ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุจุฑุงุซุงู… ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ.
which is you know the Pratham model of the remedial education.
ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
it started with some private schools.
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑุงุซุงู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูƒุซุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
but now Pratham is massively trained to do it with government schools.
ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุจู‡ุงุฑ.
they are trying to do it in Bihar.
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุง.
we have an evaluation of them trying to do it in Haryana.
ุขุณู ู‡ุงุชุงู… ูˆู„ุงูŠุชุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
sorry these are both states in India.
ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุงู†ุงุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู….
and in the case of Haryana, where we have done an evaluation.
ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู‡ุงุฑ.
we find and in ultimately the case of Bihar.
ุฃู† ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑู‡ู… ุจุนุฏู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ.
that government teachers when told not teach the syllabus.
ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูŠุคุฏูˆู† ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ.
but instead to focus on teaching at the right level, they do really, really well.
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุตุฏ.
and I think that is one example of frugal innovation.
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
working with the government that really really works.
ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุทุฑุญูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุณ ููŠ ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†.
and the other question in fact a lot of people asked yesterday in various panels was.
ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุตุญุฉุŸ
what about health issues?
ู…ุงุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
what if what is really preventing the children from coming to school.
ู„ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุณูˆุก ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠุฏุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ.
is because they have health issues, whether it is malnutrition or worms in the stomach.
ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุตุฏ ู…ุซู„ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุทููŠู„ูŠุฉ.
again, we are finding that frugal innovations like de-worming.
ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนูˆูŠุฉ.
giving kids pills to get rid of intestinal worms.
ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ.
can have really, really a large impacts on on attendance.
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠุฉ.
and those can be replicated in government schools.
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
so, I think there is lots there.
ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ูŠูุฑุฌุนู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
I would also say another example is returns to education.
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆูุฌุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนุงู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
that also is found to be effective.
ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
in terms of the question around the cost of fee of the private school.
ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู‚ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุจู‚ู‹ุง.
this is the point I was leading to earlier.
ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุฅุนุทุงุก
that you will have to think about issues around giving .
ู‚ุณุงุฆู… ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.
vouchers to children who cannot afford to go to these private schools.
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู‡ู….
it has to be a very important part.
ุฌุฒุก ุขุฎุฑ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฏุนู… ู„ู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุดุงู†ูˆู†.
another part has to be perhaps giving direct subsidies to schools like Shanon's.