question
stringlengths 7
1.06k
| op2
stringlengths 2
358
| op1
stringlengths 2
370
| op4
stringlengths 2
399
| category
stringclasses 6
values | op3
stringlengths 2
355
| exam_id
int64 1
210
| cop
int64 0
4
| unique_id
stringlengths 36
36
| year
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regarding the Mucorales fungi: | They cause infections that can be diagnosed through the detection of β-1-3-D-glucan. | They are sensitive to voriconazole. | They have affinity for keratinized tissues. | Pharmacology | They cause sinus, rhino-orbito-cerebral, bronchopulmonary, skin, or disseminated infection. | 18 | 3 | a3078fcd-9743-4e5e-b890-a76599f3f448 | 2022 |
What mechanism is responsible for resistance to quinolones? | Enzymatic modification of quinolone mediated by acetyltransferases. | Presence of chromosomal mutations in the genes of DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase. | Methylation of 23S rRNA, preventing the antibiotic from binding. | Pharmacology | Acquisition of a β-lactamase that hydrolyzes the drug. | 19 | 1 | c7afb0ce-3fc2-43eb-aa28-1a38a466e285 | 2022 |
Which of the following statements regarding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin of Staphylococcus aureus is incorrect?: | It causes severe skin conditions. | It is identified in most strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin associated with community-acquired infections. | It is related to food poisoning. | Pharmacology | It is a cytotoxin. | 20 | 4 | c8e1f9a7-9c1e-48b4-895c-49314d9b6b74 | 2022 |
What is the correct answer regarding Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | It is sensitive to fosfomycin. | Causes genitourinary tract infections in young women. | It is a coagulase-positive staphylococcus. | Pharmacology | It is sensitive to novobiocin. | 21 | 1 | 1e9f62b0-76c2-4f31-81d2-74f05774cd3b | 2022 |
Which of the following bacteria is a gram-negative bacillus that does not grow on MacConkey agar, is oxidase positive, and is implicated in wound infections following animal bites?: | Francisella tularensis. | Pasteurella multocida. | Enterobacter cloacae. | Pharmacology | Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 22 | 1 | 64dbf5de-da27-4925-88ee-393d7e652364 | 2022 |
Which is the incorrect answer regarding infections caused by Legionella pneumophila?: | Symptomatic infection presents in one of the following forms: Pontiac fever or Legionnaire's disease. | They are asymptomatic with relative frequency. | Pontiac fever is associated with underlying lung disease. | Pharmacology | The treatment of choice are macrolides or fluoroquinolones. | 23 | 4 | 327016a0-7f83-4e67-b279-d1e3508b97ea | 2022 |
Which of the following bacteria does not belong to the so-called HACEK group?: | Cardiobacterium hominis. | Achromobacter xylosoxidans. | Eikenella corrodens. | Pharmacology | Kingella kingae. | 24 | 1 | 23727f4a-41fa-4493-b453-8becda4374f1 | 2022 |
Which of the following phenotypic characteristics implies a presumptive identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae?: | β-hemolysis on blood agar, resistance to optochin, negative bile solubility test. | β-Hemolysis in blood agar, sensitivity to optochin, positive bile solubility test. | α-Hemolysis on blood agar, resistance to optochin, positive bile solubility test. | Pharmacology | α-Hemolysis on blood agar, sensitivity to optochin, positive bile solubility test. | 25 | 3 | 96341178-3ca8-458c-a207-a96dfc4f0fb1 | 2022 |
Avibactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with the EXCEPTION of: | Class C β-Lactamase (ampC). | Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL). | Class D Carbapenemase (OXA-48). | Pharmacology | Metallo-beta-lactamase type Carbapenemase. | 26 | 3 | 3517fccc-f14b-4c66-805d-5c6a6195a2c5 | 2022 |
Indicate the correct option regarding microorganism, disease it causes, and transmitting vector: | Bartonella bacilliformis, Oroya Fever, Hyalomma spp. | Coxiella burnetii, Q Fever, Ixodes spp. | Rickettsia conorii, Mediterranean spotted fever, Rhipicephalus spp. | Pharmacology | Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme Disease, Aedes spp. | 27 | 4 | 07ec51ea-2ea4-4d0e-a300-4972e712df2c | 2022 |
Which of the following statements about the plague is correct?: | It is transmitted from rats to humans through the bite of fleas of the Xenopsylla genus. | The causative microorganism of bubonic plague is Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O3. | Treatment should only be administered in immunocompromised patients, with intravenous vancomycin being the drug of choice. | Pharmacology | The incubation period is 30 to 60 days. | 28 | 2 | 815d98b9-d9e9-4317-a347-384fc641b205 | 2022 |
Which of the following options is incorrect about the zoonotic disease tularemia? | Lagomorphs and rodents are important animal reservoirs. | The laboratory diagnosis is primarily based on the culture and smear of lesions. | Streptomycin and gentamicin are drugs of choice for all forms of severe tularemia, except meningitis. | Pharmacology | It is caused by Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative coccobacillus. | 29 | 1 | 147c9490-9919-43f7-a13e-21e24219901c | 2022 |
Which of the following statements regarding "Q fever" is incorrect?: | The treatment for endocarditis should be done with doxycycline for 14 days. | It presents as a self-limiting febrile illness, pneumonia, endocarditis or hepatitis. | For the diagnosis of acute "Q fever", nucleic acid amplification techniques can be used from clinical samples (blood, heart valves or joint fluid). | Pharmacology | It is a zoonosis that is acquired by inhalation or, less frequently, by ingestion of unpasteurized milk. | 30 | 2 | 0dd8a6b5-9493-4831-bafb-e0ef0764cb8c | 2022 |
Colistin is an antibiotic from the polymyxin family. Which of the following characteristics is correct?: | Polymyxins are active against gram-negative bacilli such as P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and Proteus species. | The only available formulations are administered intravenously and topically. | Plasmid-mediated resistance is due to the MCR-1 enzyme. | Pharmacology | Among the most frequent side effects are hepatotoxicity and irreversible neurotoxicity, related to the dosage. | 31 | 4 | 8b48f858-81a6-4392-8a29-dff697d4e38a | 2022 |
Which of the following drugs is not used for the treatment of the infection caused by Clostridioides difficile or the presence of its recurrences? | Oral Vancomycin. | Fidaxomicin. | Bezlotoxumab. | Pharmacology | Clindamycin. | 32 | 3 | e2621e2e-a502-4e69-9e53-007f384e5295 | 2022 |
What is the usual microbiological culture medium for diagnosing "whooping cough" from respiratory samples? | Löwenstein-Jensen. | Bordet-Gengou. | Thayer-Martin. | Pharmacology | BCYE. | 33 | 1 | c4fe5aa3-792e-4f28-beb0-1312b418036b | 2022 |
Which of the following statements about Haemophilus influenzae is incorrect?: | Grows on MacConkey agar. | It is a gram-negative coccobacillus. | The most common mechanism of resistance to penicillins is the production of β-lactamases. | Pharmacology | There are six capsular serotypes. | 34 | 2 | 0f90b58b-7e0e-4e8d-a43e-c1ac4b3b7a96 | 2022 |
A 48-year-old patient goes to the Emergency Service of her hospital due to presenting a condition of fever and pain in the right hypochondrium. She reports consumption of raw vegetables in the Bolivian highlands on her last trip. What pathology is compatible with this clinical picture? | Hepatic distomatosis. | Alveolar Hydatidosis. | Clonorchiasis. | Pharmacology | Acute lymphangitis. | 35 | 2 | 2829dd48-2836-4d05-9b3c-dff82fc436e9 | 2022 |
Which of the following statements is incorrect in relation to Katayama Syndrome?: | Its most frequent clinical manifestations are fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, bronchospasm, and eosinophilia. | It is a clinical picture caused by Schistosoma spp. | Praziquantel and corticosteroids are used for its treatment. | Pharmacology | The detection of parasite eggs in feces is a very sensitive diagnostic tool in the acute phase. | 36 | 3 | b64b4098-74d0-4fbb-a882-0c895f0f8b19 | 2022 |
Which of the following parasites is of epidemiological relevance due to its high prevalence among the child population and causes a Mandatory Reportable Disease?: | Trichinella spiralis. | Entamoeba coli. | Giardia lamblia. | Pharmacology | Echinococcus granulosus. | 37 | 4 | c06cc11c-3fe7-4e76-a572-9bb68a067811 | 2022 |
What is the purpose of Heckel's mathematical approach? | To determine the two-compartment distribution for poorly soluble drugs. | To analyze the behavior of solid materials during the compression process. | To calculate the dissolution rate according to particle size and surface area. | Pharmacology | To determine the apparent viscosity in semi-solids with rheopectic properties. | 38 | 1 | e71a8d84-90f2-40dc-8e1f-d84454738209 | 2022 |
What is the relationship between Z potential and the controlled flocculation of suspensions? | Controlled flocculation involves the addition of electrolytes to modify the Z potential and thus the degree of flocculation. | Controlled flocculation involves the incorporation of chelating substances such as EDTA that act as flocculants, which is unrelated to the Z potential. | Controlled flocculation is carried out by incorporating viscosizing agents that modify the rheological properties of suspensions and the Z potential. | Pharmacology | Controlled flocculation involves modifying the particle size to change the degree of flocculation, not the Z potential. | 39 | 2 | 57624328-d781-44e1-aed0-e8757a35ee4f | 2022 |
Is it mandatory to perform the fracture resistance test on tablets according to the Spanish Pharmacopoeia? | No. It is described as one of the possible tests to check the mechanical resistance of the tablets. | Yes. It is described as a mandatory test on the final batch to check its mechanical resistance. | No. It is a recommended test to check the mechanical resistance of the tablets, but it is not an official test described in the Pharmacopoeia. | Pharmacology | Yes, but only in those tablets intended for further coating and it should be expressed as a minimum value. | 40 | 2 | f0b4eb2a-562a-4460-b64b-e2a11eacda30 | 2022 |
Indicate what is the name of the industrial method of manufacturing soft gelatin capsules: | Hausner Method. | Higuchi Method. | Atkinson Method. | Pharmacology | Scherer Method. | 41 | 3 | 4acc71d3-a918-4ab9-b5ff-8516d22c5209 | 2022 |
What is the bacterial endotoxin test used for? | To detect the possible contamination of pharmaceutical formulations with pyrogens. | To determine the toxicity of pharmaceutical preparations due to anaerobic bacteria. | To estimate the degree of toxicity that the contamination of a pharmaceutical preparation with a certain bacterial species may have. | Pharmacology | To detect a possible contamination of a pharmaceutical preparation with Gram+ bacteria. | 42 | 2 | 91a02479-1a4a-4245-892c-f4f2ced001f9 | 2022 |
The Stokes equivalent diameter of a particle is defined as: | The diameter of a sphere that has the same surface area as the particle. | The diameter of a sphere with the same density as the particle that settles at the same speed as the particle. | The diameter of a sphere that produces the same variation in the electrical resistance of the current that flows between two electrodes when the measurement is performed on the Coulter counter. | Pharmacology | The diameter of a sphere that has the same volume as the particle. | 43 | 1 | 3f133f01-4f9a-4883-b3b8-a48ae0aee31a | 2022 |
In the drying process, if the water vapor pressure in the solid is higher than in the air: | Water vapor will transfer from the air to the solid, which will acquire a higher moisture content. | A net transfer of water vapor from the solid to the air will occur until the pressures are equalized. | Water vapor will transfer from the solid to the air when the relative humidity of the gas is 100%. | Pharmacology | There will be no transfer of water vapor from the air to the solid, and both will remain in dynamic equilibrium. | 44 | 1 | 23628486-2916-4d2b-8294-64b372fab489 | 2022 |
Depth perception allows us to determine the relative positions of objects. This phenomenon, which involves the perception of this depth, obtained from retinal disparities that arise as a result of the horizontal separation of the eyeballs, is called: | Amaurosis. | Stereopsis. | Amblyopia. | Pharmacology | Strabismus. | 45 | 1 | 6c8c028c-6950-4790-b5f5-ec1ef7954bbf | 2022 |
What is the name of the effect of the union of oxygen with hemoglobin that causes the displacement of carbon dioxide towards the blood? | Bohr Effect. | Haldane Effect. | Venturi Effect. | Pharmacology | Doppler Effect. | 46 | 1 | cbae1243-0d76-40a5-bbf0-bd82ff6f5bc0 | 2022 |
What are the sensory organs of the membranous labyrinth found in the vestibular apparatus that detect the orientation of the head with respect to gravity? | Cochlear ducts. | Maculae of the utricle and saccule. | Golgi tendon organs. | Pharmacology | Endolymphatic ducts. | 47 | 1 | a4346d66-5afa-4fc1-bfdb-3b9dee9bc7b6 | 2022 |
Where is the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) produced? | S cells of the duodenum. | G cells of the stomach. | K cells of the large intestine. | Pharmacology | I cells of the duodenum and jejunum. | 48 | 3 | f7cc0c5e-171b-4d0c-a09a-30f2ce0622c1 | 2022 |
Which of the following phases of the electrocardiogram corresponds to the repolarization of the ventricles? | T wave. | QRS Complex. | QT Interval. | Pharmacology | PR Interval. | 49 | 2 | 3fb210e4-cc0d-41be-ad34-e564390c1aa4 | 2022 |
Which of the following phenomena is not associated with a shift to the right of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?: | Decrease in temperature. | Increase of 2,3-DPG. | Decrease in pH. | Pharmacology | Increase in pCO2. | 50 | 2 | 0ef59a20-0140-489e-9bd1-996cefd320cc | 2022 |
Indicate the incorrect answer regarding gastrin: | Stimulates the secretion of pepsinogen by the chief cells. | Stimulates the secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells. | Maintains the structure of the gastric mucosa. | Pharmacology | It is secreted by the M cells of the antrum and the K cells of the duodenum and jejunum. | 51 | 3 | cbccf9e5-5cfe-457a-9663-077b61146eb1 | 2022 |
The ratio between the work and the total chemical energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) is called cardiac contraction efficiency and its normal values are between: | 20-25%. | 5-10%. | >60%. | Pharmacology | 45-50%. | 52 | 2 | 2d02def3-cc33-4ca9-a286-ab77209e4fff | 2022 |
Of the following support cells, indicate which one does not belong to the central nervous system: | Astrocytes. | Schwann Cells. | Oligodendrocytes. | Pharmacology | Microglia. | 53 | 1 | b3cd7a04-4e9b-4f21-b6d7-f12ea96a57ad | 2022 |
There is a neurotransmitter that, when the postsynaptic receptor is stimulated, is synthesized almost instantly through enzymatic activation and, then, diffuses out of the presynaptic terminals for a few seconds instead of being released in vesicular packages. Indicate what it is: | Acetylcholine. | Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). | Dopamine. | Pharmacology | Nitric oxide. | 54 | 3 | 3225bcbb-dc90-4b9a-a9d4-05ce63d0f25f | 2022 |
The cortical collecting duct performs three fundamental functions for the regulation of the internal environment: absorption of Na+, secretion of K+, and secretion of H+/formation of HCO3-. This last function is carried out in a type of cells that are called: | Juxtaglomerular cells. | Principal cells. | Intercalated cells. | Pharmacology | Cortical cells. | 55 | 4 | 39321506-56da-4824-a6ee-0ef2ffc00a08 | 2022 |
Physiologically, the parathyroid hormone (PTH): | Stimulates the reabsorption of phosphate in the kidneys. | Inhibits the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. | Inhibits the resorption of calcium and phosphorus in the bone. | Pharmacology | Stimulates the resorption of calcium and phosphate in the bone. | 56 | 3 | ef7f7438-4cc3-4cc3-b2f0-48b647666ece | 2022 |
On the wall of the first centimeters of the duodenum, especially between the gastric pylorus and the Vater's ampulla, there is a large set of mucosal glands that secrete mucus. These glands are named: | Paneth. | Lieberkühn. | Oxyntic. | Pharmacology | Brunner. | 57 | 3 | a77c9915-d426-4750-bf39-83cc75bad55f | 2022 |
In the hypothalamic control of feeding, there are two types of neurons: 1) proopiomelanocortin neurons (POMC) that produce the α stimulating hormone of melanocytes αMSH) and the transcript regulated by cocaine and amphetamine (CART) and 2) neurons that produce protein related to the Agouti gene (AGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Indicate which hormone activates the AGRPNPY neurons stimulating intake: | Insulin. | Leptin. | Cholecystokinin. | Pharmacology | Ghrelin. | 58 | 3 | f0952b17-dc53-475a-bb5d-3b362d792efc | 2022 |
The most important physiological factors that regulate the secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the neurohypophysis are osmotic and hemodynamic regulation. Additionally, there are other factors that affect the secretion of this hormone. Indicate the triggering factor of its secretion: | Nausea. | Alcohol consumption. | Increase in plasma volume. | Pharmacology | Decrease in plasma osmolarity. | 59 | 2 | 09985dac-0499-4c90-97e1-dfee8728da60 | 2022 |
Regarding the granulocytic series, indicate which of these cells is the most mature: | Metamyelocyte. | Myelocyte. | Promyelocyte. | Pharmacology | Myeloblast. | 60 | 2 | edc34061-f750-4b7f-ac4c-401ae2394107 | 2022 |
Which of the following morphological alterations will be looked for first in the smear of a patient who comes to the emergency room with neurological deterioration and platelets below 100,000/µL?: | Schistocytes. | Spherocytes. | Echinocytes. | Pharmacology | Acanthocytes. | 61 | 2 | fa4bd786-4470-416e-a13a-c2f8ca97cfda | 2022 |
The direct Coombs test is a key diagnostic test in: | Acquired hemolytic anemia of immune origin. | Hemolytic anemia of the newborn using maternal blood. | Non-hemolytic anemia. | Pharmacology | Non-immune caused hemolytic anemia. | 62 | 2 | 2b99a3ce-f446-445f-877f-39bb6b93f9cf | 2022 |
Indicate the blood group of the ABO system considered as the universal recipient: | Group A. | AB Group. | Group B. | Pharmacology | Group 0. | 63 | 1 | 2cd2634c-8c65-4901-867f-b3007803c17d | 2022 |
What finding would you typically expect to find in classic M3 type acute myeloid leukemia? | Neutrophilia. | Leukopenia. | Polycythemia. | Pharmacology | Thrombocytosis. | 64 | 1 | 77ea45f1-f98d-49e9-b535-c542e4b3b00d | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following is not a laboratory finding in multiple myeloma: | Bence-Jones Proteinuria. | Hypocalcemia. | Hyperproteinemia. | Pharmacology | Anemia. | 65 | 1 | 299a2be3-c6c0-4a53-ba0e-786748cb6df4 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following parameters rules out the existence of thrombosis if its value is within the standard range: | D-dimer. | C Protein. | S Protein. | Pharmacology | Antithrombin III. | 66 | 2 | afb47da4-b581-4631-8fd9-b1a2c5253273 | 2022 |
Patients with Addison's disease: | They do not synthesize adequate amounts of adrenal hormones. | They die at an early age due to systemic hormonal overstimulation. | They are initially diagnosed due to presenting a bone disorder. | Pharmacology | They synthesize abnormal levels of prolactin. | 67 | 2 | 96f776bc-5205-47c4-8901-01bdc2a6f666 | 2022 |
Myasthenia gravis is associated with: | Decrease in myosin. | Decrease in acetylcholine production in nerve endings. | Decrease in transmission at the myoneural junction. | Pharmacology | Troponin C deficiency. | 68 | 4 | e67e8db1-4e3c-4031-bc35-55dea2d996cc | 2022 |
In neurological pathologies associated with Lewy body deposits, these are constituted by: | α-Synuclein. | Tau protein. | Beta Amyloid. | Pharmacology | β-Synuclein. | 69 | 2 | fa658403-943d-439f-a9da-444b450db809 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following neurotransmitters is most frequently altered in Parkinson's disease: | Dopamine. | Norepinephrine. | Acetylcholine. | Pharmacology | Serotonin. | 70 | 2 | b1c86a5f-5073-4f23-95bc-6b912e270c3b | 2022 |
In a situation where cardiac pumping is insufficient, the cardiovascular system has a series of compensatory mechanisms. Indicate which of the following are not part of these mechanisms: | Increase of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | Increase in the activity of the sympathetic system. | Reduction of angiogenesis. | Pharmacology | Increase of cardiac output through the Frank-Starling mechanism. | 71 | 4 | 582f5d33-e190-4f48-804b-43117944e09e | 2022 |
Indicate the correct statement about the genetic change often associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia: | The oncoprotein resulting from this genetic change is a hyperactive tyrosine kinase. | This is a point mutation. | Affects the retinoic acid α receptor gene. | Pharmacology | It consists of a fusion gene between TMPRSS2 and ETS. | 72 | 4 | 1f67458d-b2ee-4757-8c0b-e85e8f162119 | 2022 |
Regarding the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and the hemolytic anemia caused by its deficiency, indicate the correct statement: | G6PD deficiency has an autosomal recessive inheritance. | The G6PD reduces the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH. | The activity of G6PD prevents reduced glutathione from oxidizing. | Pharmacology | The variants of G6PD associated with hemolysis cause protein folding errors, making it more susceptible to proteolytic degradation. | 73 | 3 | f203487c-fbe7-40cc-80b3-7729d87d77d8 | 2022 |
The mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene are related to certain renal cell carcinomas and other tumors and proliferations. Point out what is incorrect about these mutations: | They prevent the ubiquitination of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α under normoxic conditions. | They prevent the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α under normoxic conditions. | They are associated with an increase in the synthesis of angiogenic growth factors. | Pharmacology | They are mutations with gain of function. | 74 | 3 | d7162ce7-bccb-441d-a608-5789d0806fdd | 2022 |
Which of the following chemical elements is associated with the generation of free radicals in the body through the Fenton reaction?: | Selenium. | Iron. | Chlorine. | Pharmacology | Zinc. | 75 | 1 | de89905d-78d9-4aaf-a447-617800657e3d | 2022 |
In certain chronic infections and neoplasms, cachexia appears, a pathological state characterized by weight loss and anorexia to which the continued production of a cytokine contributes. Indicate which one: | Transforming growth factor β. | Interferon γ. | Tumor necrosis factor α. | Pharmacology | Interleukin-10. | 76 | 4 | 4e87dfaf-29b9-43ff-91a6-7405d71002dc | 2022 |
Which of the following statements about 21β-hydroxylase deficiency in the adrenal cortex is incorrect?: | The urinary concentrations of 17-ketosteroids are reduced. | Causes suprarenocortical hyperplasia. | The adrenal production of mineralocorticoids is reduced. | Pharmacology | Has hypocortisolism. | 77 | 2 | e00233ca-6e36-4455-b274-2c748bcf3126 | 2022 |
Regarding the Leiden factor V, which consists of a mutation of the factor V of coagulation, indicate the correct one: | Follows a pattern of sex-linked inheritance. | It is resistant to inactivation by the activated protein C/protein S complex. | It increases the risk of arterial thrombosis, but not the risk of deep vein thrombosis. | Pharmacology | It reduces the requirement of precise calcium for blood coagulation. | 78 | 1 | 5b92cad7-8e7d-4788-9f20-dda8e17b8715 | 2022 |
Which phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor drug is used in the treatment of psoriasis?: | Tildrakizumab. | Roflumilast. | Montelukast. | Pharmacology | Apremilast. | 79 | 3 | cad358de-4327-4de3-a02c-e145f6c995ce | 2022 |
In a patient with inflammatory bowel disease, which immunomodulator is recommended for determining the activity of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme? | Vedolizumab. | Mesalazine. | Olsalazine. | Pharmacology | Azathioprine. | 80 | 3 | d8ef3910-6629-4dc5-a257-e547f4036bf5 | 2022 |
Indicate the correct statement in relation to the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: | Riluzole is a drug that reduces the release of glutamate. | Natalizumab is the drug of choice due to its appropriate safety profile and efficacy. | Glatiramer acetate is the treatment of choice due to its high oral bioavailability and safety profile. | Pharmacology | There is no marketed drug available, making it necessary to use drugs under investigation. | 81 | 2 | 20bf953c-cefe-4f18-8bff-5943546b7713 | 2022 |
Indicate the incorrect answer in relation to treatment with erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease: | The most common side effect during treatment with erythropoietin is hypotension. | The response to treatment with erythropoietin depends on the patients' iron availability. | Subcutaneous administration is preferred because absorption is slower and thus reduces the necessary dose of erythropoietin. | Pharmacology | Erythropoietin presentations are available for both subcutaneous and intravenous administration. | 82 | 2 | ef8d5c2d-a6d3-47df-bd15-f0d075a3fe23 | 2022 |
Regarding the drugs indicated for multiple sclerosis, which drug - molecular target association is incorrect?: | Alemtuzumab - monoclonal antibody against CD52. | Fingolimod - modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor. | Natalizumab - monoclonal antibody against the IL-2 receptor. | Pharmacology | Ocrelizumab - monoclonal antibody against CD20. | 83 | 4 | e05d40a5-0b91-46e1-b651-a9d164a5d048 | 2022 |
Which group of drugs can cause impulse control disorders such as gambling addiction as an adverse reaction? | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. | Dopaminergic agonists. | Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A inhibitors. | Pharmacology | N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. | 84 | 1 | ab44eaaf-30aa-4afe-a9af-16983fb61477 | 2022 |
Regarding the drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, which drug-molecular target relationship is incorrect? | Abatacept - fusion protein against TNFα. | Rituximab - monoclonal antibody against CD20 of B lymphocytes. | Tofacitinib - selective inhibitor of Janus Kinase (JAK). | Pharmacology | Tocilizumab - monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor. | 85 | 2 | afbad24f-5354-4a9e-81be-6a5f0402a6a8 | 2022 |
Which of the following antipsychotics is indicated for managing agitation and/or aggression in Alzheimer's disease?: | Risperidone. | Sulpiride. | Zuclopentixol. | Pharmacology | Clozapine. | 86 | 2 | fad8ba27-4dca-49f1-99e4-e9f5db9bf233 | 2022 |
Which of the following statements about omeprazole is incorrect?: | It can cause hypermagnesemia in long-term treatments. | It is recommended to take on an empty stomach. | The maximum acid inhibition is achieved within 3-4 days of treatment. | Pharmacology | It can decrease the absorption of vitamin B12. | 87 | 2 | 95117a79-45e1-4f81-a913-fafd44a4ccd0 | 2022 |
In patients undergoing treatment for the control of dyslipidemia, it is incorrect that: | The combination of fibrates and statins increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis. | Fibrates enhance the effect of oral anticoagulants. | The combination of fluconazole and atorvastatin may increase the concentrations of atorvastatin. | Pharmacology | Statins are the drug of choice in the treatment of dyslipidemia in pregnant women. | 88 | 3 | 06dad310-cbdd-4efd-83f3-f6df64fac719 | 2022 |
In a 51-year-old patient with a recent diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which of the following groups of drugs would be the choice? | Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. | α-1 Adrenergic Antagonists. | Prostaglandin E1 analogues. | Pharmacology | Inhibitors of 17 α-hydroxylase. | 89 | 1 | 221a8621-5957-47a4-aaf3-b5680022c917 | 2022 |
Which of the following statements about antiepileptic drugs is true?: | Topiramate is used in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. | Valproic acid is an enzymatic inducer. | Lithium is the drug of choice in the treatment of absences. | Pharmacology | Levetiracetam is one of the most teratogenic antiepileptics. | 90 | 2 | c208d8f5-0ff6-49ad-9aff-a7a7ea9dde43 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following associations is incorrect: | Aliskiren - hyperkalemia. | Furosemide - hypocalcemia. | Hydrochlorothiazide - hypercalcemia. | Pharmacology | Captopril - hypokalemia. | 91 | 3 | 5a10fb26-0fa1-48d9-9f05-466eb41d114a | 2022 |
Which of the following pairings between molecular marker and drug is incorrect?: | Rearrangement of the fusion gene between EML4 and ALK - Crizotinib. | V600 mutation of the BRAFV gene - Dabrafenib. | L858R mutation of the EGFR gene - Gefitinib. | Pharmacology | Mutation of the KRAS gene - Cetuximab. | 92 | 3 | 884ccc44-304f-4b28-bf29-0f80b371c812 | 2022 |
Indicate the incorrect answer: | Cisplatin produces ototoxicity as an adverse effect. | Peripheral neuropathy is the most common adverse effect of irinotecan. | Leucovorin is used to reduce the toxicity of methotrexate. | Pharmacology | Paclitaxel is effective in ovarian cancer and lung cancer. | 93 | 1 | cd431ca6-2773-4006-b986-e905ca2c0724 | 2022 |
Which of the following dopaminergic receptor agonists is not used in the treatment of restless legs syndrome?: | Pramipexole. | Ropinirole. | Cabergoline. | Pharmacology | Rotigotine. | 94 | 4 | 9b4bbf6c-be2d-4ece-a30d-e92ea4cfcba9 | 2022 |
In relation to cardiovascular diseases, which is the incorrect option?: | High blood pressure can be a cause of heart failure. | The use of drugs that increase preload is the most appropriate option for the treatment of heart failure. | The modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a common option for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. | Pharmacology | Ischemic heart disease can cause arrhythmias. | 95 | 1 | f8ab8d0b-8e0d-4c05-9f64-3b6dbd747769 | 2022 |
Which of the following pharmacological groups is commonly associated with L-DOPA to prevent the peripheral conversion of this drug to dopamine?: | Inhibitors of the dopa decarboxylase enzyme (DDC). | Inhibitors of the monoamine oxidaseA (MAO-A) enzyme. | Inhibitors of the monoamine oxidase B enzyme (MAO-B). | Pharmacology | Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors. | 96 | 2 | 3aa62960-5de6-4d0f-9e90-df1d63639bf5 | 2022 |
Which of the following antiepileptic drugs would be the drug of choice for a patient suffering from bipolar disorder?: | Topiramate. | Phenytoin. | Pregabalin. | Pharmacology | Lamotrigine. | 97 | 3 | 0237f17a-5708-464a-b31c-ee45f2276ded | 2022 |
Which of the following options regarding nitrates is incorrect?: | They decrease the preload. | Its effects are dependent on the intact and functional presence of the vascular endothelium. | They bind to receptors with guanylyl cyclase activity. | Pharmacology | They are indicated in cases of angina pectoris. | 98 | 1 | f75aa1a4-d242-4704-8333-2808f49e8734 | 2022 |
Regarding the binding of drugs to plasma proteins, select the correct option: | The interaction between drugs and serum albumin is nonspecific. | Drugs with a high degree of binding to plasma proteins usually have high apparent volumes of distribution. | The binding of drugs to plasma proteins does not alter the distribution speed of the drug. | Pharmacology | The binding of drugs to plasma proteins is a saturable process. | 99 | 3 | 1899d9b5-0364-4b52-9288-03960c388231 | 2022 |
What subtype of G proteins regulates the activity of phospholipase C?: | Gi Proteins. | Gs Proteins. | Gq Proteins. | Pharmacology | Go Proteins. | 101 | 4 | f99ded15-a910-4ab4-8362-f8b5ec9f729a | 2022 |
Which of the following is not a characteristic effect of parasympatholytic or anticholinergic drugs used at therapeutic doses?: | Vasoconstriction. | Decrease in intestinal peristalsis. | Mydriasis. | Pharmacology | Decrease in saliva secretion. | 102 | 2 | edb3e2ec-6f00-4519-b980-101b03f6f44d | 2022 |
Entacapone is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease because: | It is a dopaminergic agonist. | Increases the plasma concentration of levodopa. | It is a MAO-B inhibitor, which increases the concentration of dopamine in the brain. | Pharmacology | It is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. | 103 | 1 | ddb8d2f1-d83c-41d8-9154-45051756488a | 2022 |
Which of the following options is correct regarding triptans?: | They are indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine. | They block the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D serotonin receptors. | They are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease. | Pharmacology | They can only be administered intranasally due to their low bioavailability when taken orally. | 104 | 4 | a47b1def-492b-4beb-8097-43b9bdf41d62 | 2022 |
The phenothiazines that are used as antiemetics have the following mechanism of action and site of action: | They are D2 dopaminergic agonists of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. | They are antagonists of the serotonergic receptors of the gastrointestinal tract. | They are partial agonists of the serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. | Pharmacology | They are dopaminergic antagonists of the D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. | 105 | 3 | ba74861e-e4f9-41d6-88d6-ca5f76cadf6e | 2022 |
Podophyllotoxin is an active ingredient of phenolic nature that is obtained from species of the genus Podophyllum and possesses various pharmacological effects. Among the most important therapeutic applications of this compound is the treatment of: | Digestive disorders. | Acuminate condylomas. | Post-herpetic neuralgia. | Pharmacology | Liver alterations. | 106 | 1 | 5849bb06-bbc1-4480-a9f2-349a23006d36 | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following statements is true: | The active ingredients present in the root of Eleutherococcus senticosus are pentacyclic triterpenic saponosides. | The root of Ruscus aculeatus contains tetracyclic triterpenic saponosides. | The active ingredients in Panax ginseng root are steroidal saponins. | Pharmacology | Aesculus hippocastanum mainly contains β-aescin in its bark, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. | 107 | 2 | b16482f5-1dd4-43fd-a07b-2d190c906181 | 2022 |
In relation to devil's claw, indicate the correct answer: | The drug is made up of the bark of Harpagophytum procumbens. | As has been verified in clinical trials, the greatest activity is achieved by administering the isolated active ingredients as opposed to the whole drug. | Its active ingredient, harpagoside, is a secoiridoid. | Pharmacology | It stands out for its anti-inflammatory properties. | 108 | 3 | e32ab7fb-a194-4b35-b85c-091372aaada2 | 2022 |
In relation to the alkaloids of ergot fungus, indicate the correct answer: | The alkaloids from the ergotoxine group are the most used in therapeutics. | Nicergoline has mydriatic properties. | Ergometrine is the amide of lysergic acid and 2-aminopropanol. | Pharmacology | Ergocristine is a peptide amide that is used in acute migraine crises. | 109 | 4 | 280d5e01-4776-472b-af12-f58208059ebf | 2022 |
Indicate which of the following statements is incorrect: | Capsaicin is a tetraterpene that is used as a dye. | Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone used for its antimalarial action. | Taxol is a diterpene with antitumor action. | Pharmacology | Camptothecin is a quinoline alkaloid with antitumor action. | 110 | 2 | f266afbe-6379-4397-94a0-1a3e50c0a195 | 2022 |
Indicate the truth or falsity of the following two statements: First: Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic treatment applies to drugs with non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior. Second: The Michaelis-Menten constant of a drug is equal to half the maximum speed of biotransformation of said drug. | The first statement is correct and the second statement is false. | Both statements are correct. | Both statements are false. | Pharmacology | The first statement is false and the second statement is correct. | 111 | 4 | 7e36962e-6fc7-4292-a282-b37dc31be269 | 2022 |
With respect to the dosing regimes of drugs with a high therapeutic index (and therefore quite safe) and with a short half-life (between 20 minutes and 3 hours), their frequency of administration in relation to their half-life should be: | 2 times its half-life. | 3-6 times its half-life. | <1 half-life. | Pharmacology | 1 half-life. | 112 | 1 | 07a2ec41-a2be-4151-bc63-a42015fd30af | 2022 |
In which of the following parenteral routes of drug administration is there an absorption phase? | Intra-arterial. | Intravenous. | Intramuscular. | Pharmacology | Intracardiac. | 113 | 4 | 05493664-2f28-448d-98ca-3866a0841ab2 | 2022 |
Which of these statements about the administration of drugs through the pulmonary route is true?: | The penetration depth of the administered particles is directly proportional to the respiratory rate. | The penetration depth of the administered particles is inversely proportional to the size and density of the particles. | After this administration, the absorption is slow. | Pharmacology | After this administration, a first-pass effect occurs due to hepatic metabolism. | 114 | 1 | 7c719dc6-e441-47d3-b030-28515eeb4b17 | 2022 |
Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the volume of distribution of a drug?: | It depends on the fraction of free drug in plasma and in tissues. | It cannot exceed the bodily water volume of an individual. | It is high if the drug does not extravasate. | Pharmacology | It does not depend on the drug's partition coefficient. | 115 | 2 | 13bda458-1115-4836-a33c-c64ca7e9e2e1 | 2022 |
Which parameter from the plasma drug concentration-time graph is used to calculate the magnitude of drug bioavailability, after being administered orally? | Dynamic equilibrium concentration (Css). | Maximum concentration (Cmax). | The area under the first segment of the plasma concentration-time curve. | Pharmacology | The integral of the plasma concentration-time curve. | 116 | 3 | b52727a4-c143-458b-8342-7a712c6ba314 | 2022 |
In continuous intravenous infusion administration, to quickly reach the required drug level through bolus administration, on which parameters does the bolus dose depend? | Of the distribution volume and the plasma half-life of elimination. | Of the drug concentration in dynamic equilibrium and of the volume of distribution. | Of the drug concentration in dynamic equilibrium and the plasma half-life of elimination. | Pharmacology | From the area under the plasma levels-time curve. | 117 | 1 | 6aafc8dd-e3c1-4dce-8e2e-d81ffd423923 | 2022 |
How long does it take for a drug with monocompartmental characteristics administered in intravenous bolus to reduce its plasma concentration to one-eighth of the initial plasma concentration? | Two elimination half-lives. | Eight elimination half-lives. | Four elimination half-lives. | Pharmacology | Three half-lives of elimination. | 119 | 3 | 70614dc5-1add-4906-8db7-deb87bce1f07 | 2022 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.