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What is the diagnostic procedure for the infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium?
|
Culture.
|
Microscopy.
|
Xenodiagnosis.
|
Pharmacology
|
Direct Immunofluorescence.
| 31 | 1 |
c545ee9c-19e2-440a-901a-bf5bcf3b53db
|
2020
|
Indicate which of the following galenic processes is associated with the Scherer method or rotary matrices:
|
To the production of soft gelatin capsules.
|
To the direct compression of powdered mixtures in multi-layer compression machines.
|
For the dosing of powders in hard capsules.
|
Pharmacology
|
To the volumetric dosing of semi-solids through piston valves.
| 32 | 2 |
bd4d8788-d522-46cd-9a0a-49263f28b7e2
|
2020
|
Indicate which of the following procedures is/are accepted by the European regulations for obtaining water for injectable preparations:
|
It can only be obtained by distillation from drinking water, suitable for human consumption.
|
It can only be obtained through distillation from purified water, suitable for the preparation of medicines.
|
It can be obtained through heat sterilization and subsequent sterile packaging.
|
Pharmacology
|
It can be obtained through distillation or through an equivalent process such as reverse osmosis with electro-deionization.
| 33 | 3 |
1e736705-b9b2-4680-a4ee-c4779efd1a37
|
2020
|
According to the Royal Spanish Pharmacopoeia, syrups are sweet-tasting liquid preparations with a viscous consistency that may contain sucrose at a concentration not less than:
|
30% w/w.
|
36% w/w.
|
64% w/w.
|
Pharmacology
|
45% w/w.
| 34 | 3 |
0d974eea-f6b2-40bc-8b07-73203650d166
|
2020
|
Indicate which of the following options correctly describes the technique of iontophoresis:
|
Applied to non-ionic drugs, it allows increasing their water solubility by applying a potential difference between two electrodes.
|
It promotes the absorption of ionic drugs through the skin using a low-intensity electric current.
|
It is a technique of analysis and identification of drugs by applying a potential difference in a gel, based on their iontophoretic mobility.
|
Pharmacology
|
Allows the ionization of drugs in transdermal application devices to prevent systemic absorption.
| 35 | 1 |
b0f2d1dc-7fa1-4302-9a8c-d1239edc0ca7
|
2020
|
The main purpose of clarifying filtration of ophthalmic suspensions is to remove particles larger than:
|
10 µm.
|
5 µm.
|
90 µm.
|
Pharmacology
|
25 µm.
| 36 | 4 |
85fcdd7e-fe7f-45d2-b2d4-a7a6e5694d4c
|
2020
|
Which of the following characteristics does not correspond to depth filters?:
|
The retention mechanism is carried out through screening and adsorption.
|
They have pores of heterogeneous size.
|
Due to its thickness, a certain amount of liquid is retained inside.
|
Pharmacology
|
They have a low retention capacity.
| 37 | 3 |
154a5efe-da4a-473b-a684-b28b3129d790
|
2020
|
Which of the following saturation states does not correspond to the wet granulation process?:
|
Capillary.
|
Pendular.
|
Funicular.
|
Pharmacology
|
Nuclear.
| 38 | 3 |
4bce7cc9-8616-4855-9270-628b7bfdc590
|
2020
|
Which of the following pharmacological strategies does not have an antiemetic effect?:
|
Antagonism of the D2 receptor.
|
H1 receptor antagonism.
|
Neurokinin 1 Antagonism.
|
Pharmacology
|
Antagonism of nicotinic receptors.
| 39 | 3 |
c14b5fd6-6145-40e6-8e8d-f0fcf4e8764e
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements about hematological reactions caused by drugs is false?:
|
The antihypertensive methyldopa can cause hemolytic anemia.
|
The granulocytopenia caused by antineoplastic drugs is usually reversible.
|
Agranulocytosis caused by drugs is a disorder that results in mild clinical consequences.
|
Pharmacology
|
Chloramphenicol can cause aplastic anemia.
| 41 | 4 |
60c9b4b9-126b-41f8-95b3-0a31a5dcd724
|
2020
|
The atria are capable of increasing the heart rate through the action of mechanoreceptors located in their walls that activate with stretching. This effect is a nervous reflex that is called:
|
Bainbridge.
|
Bezold-Jarisch.
|
Cushing.
|
Pharmacology
|
Hering-Breuer.
| 42 | 2 |
8438e142-b64b-447a-9f1e-99fa1ec3e0cf
|
2020
|
What is the name of the muscle protein that has a molecular weight of 70 kDa, with a structure of coiled helices and whose function is to cover the active interaction points of actin filaments with myosin filaments?
|
Titina.
|
Troponin.
|
Tropomyosin.
|
Pharmacology
|
Nebulin.
| 43 | 4 |
a0b5e5af-b14a-45e6-8a22-78e30bcd57c3
|
2020
|
Indicate the correct statement:
|
The increase in potassium ion concentration decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
|
The increase in angiotensin II concentration decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
|
The regulating effect of ACTH on the speed of aldosterone secretion is minimal in most physiological disorders.
|
Pharmacology
|
The increase in sodium ion concentration increases the secretion of aldosterone.
| 44 | 4 |
2909258a-ac1a-4f26-9c49-1c04f3a65860
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements about retinoid type drug receptors is correct?:
|
They are found in the cell membrane.
|
They form dimers with the glucocorticoid receptor.
|
They are G protein-coupled receptors.
|
Pharmacology
|
Once activated, they bind to specific DNA sequences and initiate the transcription of their target genes.
| 45 | 3 |
1fc7f64c-fe3d-4963-ab82-3b86ad5bc9a4
|
2020
|
The main consequence of the concentration of cisplatin in the cells of the proximal renal tubules by the organic cation transporter 2 is:
|
Increase in your urinary excretion.
|
Appearance of nephrotoxicity.
|
Increase in creatinine clearance.
|
Pharmacology
|
Pharmacokinetic interaction with drugs that are actively secreted by the proximal tubule.
| 46 | 1 |
ece221a0-e39c-4dde-88ac-a8f2a9f583e9
|
2020
|
Some sulfonamides can cause jaundice as an adverse reaction in premature neonates due to their binding to albumin. Which of the following statements about this reaction is incorrect?:
|
The induction with phenobarbital of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase reduces its risk.
|
It is due to bilirubin, which is displaced from its binding to albumin.
|
It only happens if the newborn presents certain genetic variants of the monooxygenase-cytochrome P450 system.
|
Pharmacology
|
The basal ganglia are affected.
| 47 | 4 |
3b3e0a51-7a66-4cd2-86d8-d4c8cdd29eec
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements about digoxin is correct?:
|
Reduces mortality after a myocardial infarction.
|
In some elderly people, their renal excretion can decrease so much that their plasma concentration reaches toxic levels.
|
It is used in the treatment of angina pectoris resistant to nitrates.
|
Pharmacology
|
Reduces recurrent tachyarrhythmias associated with abnormal conduction pathways of the cardiac impulse.
| 48 | 1 |
cfd88c38-5afc-4ebd-bc78-d65cb572e7f0
|
2020
|
Regarding the adjustment of antihemostatic medication, indicate what is incorrect:
|
The thrombin time is used to adjust the dosage of fibrinolytic drugs.
|
The activated partial thromboplastin time is useful in adjusting the dose of unfractionated heparin.
|
The dose of lepirudin is adjusted based on the activated partial thromboplastin time.
|
Pharmacology
|
The dose of warfarin is adjusted based on the prothrombin time, expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR).
| 49 | 2 |
b8596f8a-f913-438a-9cd2-9fb5baeb951c
|
2020
|
Regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), indicate the correct option:
|
Tobacco has been ruled out as a risk factor.
|
It is characterized by the progressive and largely irreversible obstruction of air flow.
|
Patients do not show bronchial hyperreactivity.
|
Pharmacology
|
Having an excess of alpha 1-antitrypsin has been shown to be a predisposing factor.
| 50 | 1 |
1237a548-a90e-4c24-bbc3-9e9b2d4d460f
|
2020
|
The tactile receptors whose main function is to locate the sensations of stimuli in specific areas of the body surface are the corpuscles of:
|
Krause.
|
Ruffini.
|
Meissner.
|
Pharmacology
|
Pacini.
| 51 | 4 |
50027646-2631-4927-9805-d580c6eb273a
|
2020
|
Indicate the false answer about the intrinsic pathway of coagulation:
|
It begins with the activation of factor XII, produced by contact with a surface devoid of endothelium.
|
It is triggered when blood comes into contact with the tissue factor, forming a complex with factor VII.
|
Phospholipids, which act as a catalyzing surface, are provided by the platelets.
|
Pharmacology
|
Factor IX is involved.
| 52 | 1 |
4904aec2-f025-4a12-aa9f-44b9bab05abb
|
2020
|
Among the causes of thrombocytopenia, it is not found:
|
Sepsis.
|
Hypersplenism.
|
Bone marrow aplasia.
|
Pharmacology
|
Hemophilia.
| 53 | 3 |
434dde81-fcb2-4ab9-bd26-7cfea76ae33a
|
2020
|
Indicate which of these antigens is expressed in B lymphocytes:
|
CD19.
|
CD2.
|
CD5.
|
Pharmacology
|
CD3.
| 54 | 2 |
aed9fcc6-b06b-4324-9555-519b44a68854
|
2020
|
Regarding fibrinogen, indicate the false answer:
|
Its transformation into fibrin is due to the action of thrombin.
|
It is the coagulation factor I.
|
It is present in the serum, but not in the plasma.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is of hepatic and extrahepatic synthesis.
| 55 | 4 |
35b79bc5-e2cc-4625-af74-0d74569520e7
|
2020
|
Indicate the correct association in relation to erythrocyte morphology:
|
Dacryocytes --- tear-shaped red blood cells.
|
Schistocytes --- sickle-shaped red blood cells.
|
Stomatocytes --- red blood cells in the shape of a target.
|
Pharmacology
|
Sickle cells --- fragmented red blood cells.
| 56 | 2 |
81bfbf49-961c-426e-9a5e-aee5e508e3d2
|
2020
|
Which of the following findings is most characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia?:
|
Palpable splenomegaly.
|
Reed-Sternberg cells.
|
The rearrangement of the BCR/ABL gene.
|
Pharmacology
|
The reduction of granulocytic alkaline phosphatase.
| 58 | 4 |
24a847f8-e4fd-4032-b3f4-94893accb65d
|
2020
|
Indicate which of the following is not a consequence of high blood pressure:
|
Stroke.
|
Ventricular hypertrophy.
|
Arteriosclerosis.
|
Pharmacology
|
Osteoporosis.
| 59 | 3 |
120959b0-e69f-4078-816e-efde33daafd8
|
2020
|
Which of the following conditions does not play a significant role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension?:
|
Thromboembolism in pulmonary arteries.
|
Emphysema.
|
Heart failure.
|
Pharmacology
|
Systemic hypertension.
| 60 | 3 |
1cca4544-2902-46c8-8539-9f491b9c9204
|
2020
|
Indicate the false statement regarding Parkinson's disease:
|
It occurs as a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
|
It is usually accompanied by stiffness and bradykinesia.
|
The most striking clinical feature is the tremor.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is often associated with hearing loss.
| 61 | 3 |
25e91274-f83e-4450-857b-038749c73584
|
2020
|
Regarding achalasia, an esophageal disorder, point out what is correct:
|
It is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter, with reduced peristaltic activity.
|
It is a disorder of the upper esophageal sphincter.
|
It is a retrosternal pain caused by tonic esophageal contractions.
|
Pharmacology
|
It involves simultaneous contractions throughout the esophagus lacking a propelling effect.
| 62 | 2 |
4bd38108-f35d-4a47-9eca-712923cbc2f2
|
2020
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:
|
It is caused by a deficiency in the dystrophin protein.
|
It is a recessive disease linked to the Y chromosome.
|
It is a less severe variant of Becker's disease.
|
Pharmacology
|
It causes the muscular tone and reflexes to not be maintained.
| 63 | 2 |
5d169b81-788f-4020-9658-873633417b42
|
2020
|
Indicate the incorrect answer in relation to familial hypercholesterolemia:
|
The majority of patients present mutations in the LDL receptor gene.
|
It is an autosomal recessive variant of hypercholesterolemia due to LDL receptor defects.
|
It involves the elevation of the total cholesterol concentration, while that of triglycerides tends to be normal.
|
Pharmacology
|
They are caused by mutations in the LDL receptor, familial apo B deficiency, and variants of PCSK9.
| 64 | 1 |
818fdaf5-9a37-493e-908b-46c601f20e6a
|
2020
|
Fabry Disease:
|
It is a recessive disease linked to the Y chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase A.
|
It is a recessive disease linked to the X chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase A.
|
It is a dominant disease linked to the X chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase B.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is a Y chromosome-linked dominant disease, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase B.
| 65 | 1 |
a684a493-96d4-4193-bfc1-4c00d1da403f
|
2020
|
Indicate the correct answer in relation to porphyrias:
|
They can be classified into three categories: erythropoietic, hepatic, and renal.
|
They are a group of twelve diseases due to abnormalities in the synthesis of the heme group.
|
The urine has a colorless appearance due to uroporphyrin and, to a lesser extent, coproporphyrin.
|
Pharmacology
|
The basic enzyme deficiency causing this disease is a hypoactivity of the uroporphyrinogen III synthase.
| 66 | 3 |
d3493c71-d264-4b2f-a903-ce42c8a1ed00
|
2020
|
Atracurium belongs to a therapeutic group that is used in anesthesia for its action on the motor endplate. What is the mechanism of action of this group?:
|
Competitive antagonists of acetylcholine.
|
Acetylcholinesterase stimulants.
|
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
|
Pharmacology
|
Non-competitive antagonists of acetylcholine.
| 67 | 2 |
81041f5d-e31b-4c08-b363-a9826cf25038
|
2020
|
Prazosin and doxazosin are drugs indicated for hypertension that also improve the lipid profile, being prototypes of the following group:
|
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
|
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists.
|
Alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists
|
Pharmacology
|
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.
| 68 | 3 |
446b794d-69f8-44df-9ff4-0792a9406ef8
|
2020
|
Which of the following drugs that reduce the formation of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase is indicated in the management of hyperuricemia?:
|
Colchicine.
|
Amiodarone.
|
Febuxostat.
|
Pharmacology
|
Probenecid.
| 69 | 4 |
b585ede6-3fe4-4feb-84b1-c14c5c4bc8ec
|
2020
|
What adverse effects are typical of chronic administration of sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitors (thiazides)?
|
Metabolic acidosis.
|
Hypokalemia and hypercalcemia.
|
Hypouricemia and hypermagnesemia.
|
Pharmacology
|
Hypoglycemia.
| 70 | 1 |
340d3c1c-23ce-40dd-8498-c97b6296c430
|
2020
|
Metformin:
|
It has a higher incidence of weight gain than other antidiabetic drugs.
|
It works by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis through activating AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK).
|
It is a sulfonylurea that produces hypoglycemia.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is a drug that inhibits sodium-glucose cotransport.
| 71 | 1 |
539f0176-b31b-4df4-beb0-ac457a9627ab
|
2020
|
In relation to enalapril, it is true that:
|
Stimulates the angiotensin converting enzyme.
|
Blocks the sodium pump.
|
Stimulates the renin-angiotensin system.
|
Pharmacology
|
It inhibits the formation of angiotensin II.
| 72 | 3 |
5d32e8b5-2bb7-4a1b-a170-e97f0069fb7a
|
2020
|
Furosemide is a drug:
|
That produces metabolic acidosis.
|
Inhibitor of the sodium-chloride cotransporter.
|
Indicated for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
|
Pharmacology
|
Used in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema.
| 73 | 3 |
400c8a42-1e26-4c45-9570-2a97b6606702
|
2020
|
Indicate the correct answer:
|
Ezetimibe increases the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of LPL.
|
Gemfibrozil prevents intestinal absorption of cholesterol by inhibiting the NPC1L1 transporter protein.
|
Bile acid binding resins decrease the absorption of some drugs such as folic acid.
|
Pharmacology
|
The pleiotropic effects of statins are derived from the reduction of cholesterol.
| 74 | 4 |
e12548d3-05f3-404b-aa9d-9a9c33046138
|
2020
|
Sildenafil is CONTRAINDICATED in patients treated with:
|
Salicylates.
|
Antianginals from the group of nitrates.
|
Platelet antiaggregants from the thienopyridines group.
|
Pharmacology
|
Beta-blockers.
| 75 | 1 |
75d481fa-98dc-4278-a051-92eedcb7486a
|
2020
|
Indicate the correct answer:
|
The antagonists of the 5-HT1B receptors are used in depression.
|
Almotriptan is a selective agonist of the 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptors.
|
The antagonists of the 5-HT2 receptors are indicated in schizophrenia.
|
Pharmacology
|
A 5-HT2 receptor antagonist is used for anxiety.
| 76 | 1 |
076325da-2528-41f6-be79-b934fe1cb9da
|
2020
|
Which of the following drugs is a direct thrombin inhibitor?:
|
Rivaroxaban.
|
Prasugrel.
|
Eptifibatide.
|
Pharmacology
|
Dabigatran etexilate.
| 77 | 3 |
306d2162-f882-481f-9e2e-aeaa6478d8c9
|
2020
|
Indicate which of the following groups of drugs has a predominantly venodilating effect:
|
Nitrates.
|
Calcium channel antagonists.
|
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists.
|
Pharmacology
|
Beta-blockers.
| 78 | 2 |
ca23a9b0-99a0-4bcf-89b3-9e46ca929116
|
2020
|
The zolpidem:
|
It is a partial agonist of the 5HT1A serotonin receptor.
|
Increases the latency of non-REM sleep.
|
It is a hypnotic with few psychomotor effects.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is an antagonist of the benzodiazepine binding sites of the GABA receptor.
| 79 | 4 |
4ba65106-695d-4e5c-8c4e-1e7fab6a48e5
|
2020
|
Which of the following drugs is effective in absence seizures and in bipolar disorder?:
|
Ethosuximide.
|
Gabapentin.
|
Clonazepam.
|
Pharmacology
|
Sodium Valproate.
| 80 | 3 |
c03e73d7-cba9-488d-87ee-3e88650451d9
|
2020
|
Relate a drug with its pharmacological action:
|
Ketamine --- non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptors.
|
Propofol --- reduces the chloride current mediated through the GABA-B receptor.
|
Rotigotine --- monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
|
Pharmacology
|
Risperidone --- 5HT1 antagonist.
| 81 | 2 |
d06ee46d-4c54-4758-82fe-5543bd7147dc
|
2020
|
Malignant hyperthermia is a syndrome that can occur when drugs are combined:
|
Ganglionic blockers and intravenous anesthetics.
|
Local anesthetics and adrenaline.
|
Succinylcholine and inhalation anesthetics.
|
Pharmacology
|
Benzodiazepines and antihypertensives.
| 82 | 4 |
de21042b-7c44-4150-a21a-84cda0ad4ee8
|
2020
|
Which drug is indicated for the treatment of acute nausea and vomiting induced by antineoplastics?
|
Chlorpromazine.
|
Doxylamine.
|
Metoclopramide.
|
Pharmacology
|
Granisetron.
| 83 | 3 |
7222bf3a-84ec-4c63-9d57-0fbddb061688
|
2020
|
Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody:
|
IL-6 antagonist.
|
TNF-alpha antagonist.
|
Chimeric that acts by inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
|
Pharmacology
|
Of human origin (IgG1), specific for the CD-52 antigen.
| 84 | 2 |
ad8407bf-f902-4272-bb5b-d0efa6ee6092
|
2020
|
Regarding antineoplastic drugs, indicate which one is false:
|
Melphalan is derived from plants that inhibit topoisomerase I.
|
Ifosfamide acts as an alkylating agent.
|
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
|
Pharmacology
|
Doxorubicin, which is obtained from a fungus, inhibits topoisomerase II.
| 85 | 2 |
3646ffbd-5ace-44fe-b362-dd6ceaf4ffba
|
2020
|
Of the following drugs, one of them lacks antiarrhythmic action, point out which one:
|
Amlodipine.
|
Verapamil.
|
Flecainide.
|
Pharmacology
|
Amiodarone.
| 86 | 2 |
7e091704-3560-42a9-bb35-9b2efe548b4f
|
2020
|
Indicate the anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:
|
Rituximab.
|
Adalimumab.
|
Abatacept.
|
Pharmacology
|
Tofacitinib.
| 87 | 1 |
45e2d6b6-8b5a-4444-9d7b-a22239b7493b
|
2020
|
Bupivacaine is a drug:
|
General anesthetic.
|
Amide type local anesthetic.
|
Antidepressant.
|
Pharmacology
|
Antidiabetic.
| 88 | 1 |
d83648d5-c418-4819-8538-9ea1a3b62f91
|
2020
|
Indicate the false association among the following regarding plant species and active ingredient:
|
Orthosiphon aristatus --- diterpenes.
|
Hamamelis virginiana --- tannins.
|
Cynara scolymus --- phenolic acids.
|
Pharmacology
|
Matricaria recutita --- alkaloids.
| 90 | 3 |
538abb02-c3fd-47c8-88f7-385ea7c932db
|
2020
|
Scopolamine is the active ingredient of:
|
Cinchona spp.
|
Areca catechu L.
|
Datura stramonium L.
|
Pharmacology
|
Drosera rotundifolia L.
| 91 | 4 |
ca3b5db2-04fe-4daa-a531-8ac460ab4e09
|
2020
|
Curcuma longa is a plant species from the Zingiberaceae family with proven anti-inflammatory activity. The part of the plant that is used is:
|
The dried flowering top.
|
The rhizome.
|
The cotyledons of the seed.
|
Pharmacology
|
The fruits.
| 92 | 1 |
954a2486-7ec8-4a2d-8a75-b55ac88993f6
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements, regarding the absorption process through the facilitated diffusion mechanism using transporters, is false?:
|
They are selective processes.
|
The number of transporters is limited.
|
They are performed in favor of the concentration gradient.
|
Pharmacology
|
They require metabolic energy consumption.
| 93 | 3 |
b619c975-86bf-40d4-8296-f44b90436c94
|
2020
|
When a decrease in the fraction of the absorbed dose (bioavailability) occurs in oral administration, while the plasma clearance remains constant:
|
It reduces the time at which the maximum concentration appears.
|
Increases the maximum concentration.
|
The plasma half-life is not affected.
|
Pharmacology
|
Increases the area under the curve of plasma concentrations.
| 94 | 4 |
c4ecc70c-9bd3-437d-8a81-153867052543
|
2020
|
In the biopharmaceutical classification system, a drug that is administered orally and has high solubility and high permeability is:
|
Class II.
|
Class I.
|
Class IV.
|
Pharmacology
|
Class III.
| 95 | 1 |
45b7f3c8-5fee-4bde-944e-3e74b043b0f5
|
2020
|
Which part of the plasma concentration vs. time graph would you use to calculate the magnitude of bioavailability (F) after oral administration of a single dose of a medication?
|
The concentration in steady state (Css).
|
The maximum concentration (Cmax).
|
The integral of the curve (area under the curve).
|
Pharmacology
|
The slope of the elimination phase.
| 97 | 4 |
798dc6b6-bfcd-49f3-80a6-aef6a0f93a58
|
2020
|
In the metabolism process, which of the following is a Phase II biotransformation reaction?:
|
Reduction.
|
Oxidation.
|
Hydrolysis.
|
Pharmacology
|
Conjugation.
| 98 | 3 |
385f8e96-8625-4d23-9490-5dfa698e145b
|
2020
|
The average absorption time of a drug coincides with its average residence time at the place of absorption when the drug is formulated in:
|
Immediate release tablets.
|
Capsules.
|
A solution.
|
Pharmacology
|
A modified release system.
| 99 | 4 |
57a60595-acf9-4b9c-958d-592a52e9474a
|
2020
|
400 mg of a drug is administered to a patient, determining a plasma level of 1 μg/mL. What is the apparent volume of distribution?
|
400 liters.
|
0.04 liters.
|
400 ml.
|
Pharmacology
|
4 liters.
| 100 | 2 |
86c699a6-a948-4ac6-9692-2fb41bd5f362
|
2020
|
Which of the following characteristics is necessary to achieve the net transfer of a drug through a biological membrane by passive diffusion?:
|
A higher concentration of total drug on one side of the membrane.
|
A higher concentration of the non-ionized fraction of the drug on one side of the membrane.
|
A protein transporter of the drug in the membrane.
|
Pharmacology
|
An ionizable group in the drug molecule.
| 101 | 1 |
9f0b49d3-1383-4f47-8047-7ac51819ac29
|
2020
|
In the administration of a drug by continuous intravenous infusion, what does the concentration in steady state (Css) depend on?
|
On bioavailability.
|
Of the administered dose.
|
On the rate of incorporation and bioavailability.
|
Pharmacology
|
On the speed of drug integration and plasma clearance.
| 102 | 3 |
1740bddc-bc08-4b37-8cb2-b3232dc461f7
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements regarding the urinary excretion of drugs is false?:
|
Tubular reabsorption is a process of drug loss in plasma.
|
Glomerular filtration is limited by molecular size.
|
At usual drug doses, renal excretion is an apparent first-order process.
|
Pharmacology
|
Tubular secretion is a system of elimination.
| 103 | 2 |
d4aac3b9-345e-4528-9f2c-620a79449c32
|
2020
|
Which of the following amino acids does not have a polar uncharged group in its side chain?:
|
Methionine.
|
Threonine.
|
Glutamine.
|
Pharmacology
|
Cysteine.
| 104 | 2 |
3021c999-6fca-4767-9b23-c34292b319c8
|
2020
|
In relation to the reversible inhibition of an enzymatic reaction, which of the following statements is false?:
|
A competitive inhibitor alters the Km.
|
A competitive inhibitor modifies the Vmax.
|
A non-competitive inhibitor modifies the Km.
|
Pharmacology
|
A non-competitive inhibitor modifies the Vmax.
| 105 | 1 |
4b8c77e9-5bd6-4b9b-9cbc-dbdc1b72401f
|
2020
|
Which of the following molecules is not part of a proteoglycan?:
|
Hyaluronan.
|
Agrecan.
|
Fibronectin.
|
Pharmacology
|
Keratan sulfate.
| 106 | 4 |
fe827d17-a639-4cd3-bca1-c9da36450de7
|
2020
|
Which of the following lipids is a sphingolipid?:
|
Cardiolipin.
|
Phosphatidylcholine.
|
Plasmalogen.
|
Pharmacology
|
GM2 Ganglioside.
| 107 | 3 |
5f131410-8704-471e-9ee3-986841f81529
|
2020
|
Insulin reduces the expression of the gene of:
|
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
|
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
|
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
|
Pharmacology
|
Phosphofructokinase-1.
| 108 | 2 |
ab899c4a-a690-4171-ab4c-9b55b09201f5
|
2020
|
One of the following processes does not take place in the mitochondria of animal cells:
|
Elongation of fatty acids.
|
Oxidation of fatty acids.
|
Synthesis of ketone bodies.
|
Pharmacology
|
Fatty acids synthesis.
| 109 | 3 |
47c51739-a303-47cc-9442-8c576d8f4f92
|
2020
|
Indicate the ketogenic amino acid:
|
Glutamine.
|
Cysteine.
|
Lysine.
|
Pharmacology
|
Methionine.
| 110 | 4 |
b29ea35a-9f14-4870-a571-1156aa3e78b5
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is true?:
|
The presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in red blood cells decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
|
The decrease in pH increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
|
It binds to oxygen in an irreversible way.
|
Pharmacology
|
It presents a hyperbolic oxygen saturation curve.
| 111 | 2 |
e994bc26-5fe5-473b-8dde-0d35ddd112be
|
2020
|
Which of the following statements about the Michaelis constant is true?:
|
It is the substrate concentration at which the reaction speed is Vmax.
|
It is the concentration of substrate at which the reaction rate is half of the maximum speed (1/2 Vmax).
|
It is the concentration of the substrate measured at the initial moment.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is the Vmax at which the enzyme is saturated by the substrate.
| 112 | 1 |
45fb67b8-30e6-4c3e-98ec-3eb715b61efe
|
2020
|
Which of the following reactions is not part of glycolysis?
|
Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-biphosphate + ADP.
|
Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-P + ADP.
|
Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP.
|
Pharmacology
|
Glucose-6-phosphate → Glucose-1-phosphate.
| 113 | 3 |
18ed152d-2d16-4c4c-b0c4-5f7b26c6184d
|
2020
|
Which of the following metabolites is common to both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway?:
|
6-Phosphogluconate.
|
Ribulose-5-phosphate.
|
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
|
Pharmacology
|
Xylulose-5-phosphate.
| 114 | 4 |
2f17f1a6-3624-4ac6-9450-a4a10edc2818
|
2020
|
The cycle of tricarboxylic acids or Krebs cycle:
|
It is the central route of oxidation for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
|
It takes place in the mitochondria and only in the absence of oxygen.
|
It is not an amphibolic pathway.
|
Pharmacology
|
Generates NAD+ and FAD.
| 115 | 2 |
701b4aad-924d-4b20-abeb-070541e1ce2b
|
2020
|
Which of the following repair mechanisms acts after DNA replication?:
|
Nucleotide cleavage.
|
Direct reversal.
|
Removal of mutagens.
|
Pharmacology
|
Repair due to incorrect pairings.
| 117 | 3 |
cdcc193a-5fa4-4d4e-bf83-9423bac2a167
|
2020
|
Regarding the translation, which statement is true?:
|
A fragment of DNA can be transferred from the genome of one cell to another.
|
It consists of protein synthesis.
|
It is the first step in the expression of a gene.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is a process of recombination of DNA sequences.
| 118 | 1 |
088bbfe7-167b-4537-b0cf-f5c6f4edd094
|
2020
|
The negative charge of DNA is due to:
|
The nitrogenous base.
|
The pentose.
|
The single bonds.
|
Pharmacology
|
The phosphate group.
| 119 | 3 |
10754df1-3c34-4f1e-ae5d-c1c9d202c3ca
|
2020
|
Regarding heterochromatin, which statement is false?:
|
The transcription of a eukaryotic gene is strongly repressed when its DNA is condensed into heterochromatin.
|
It is associated with the centromeres.
|
It is in a more condensed state than the rest of the chromatin.
|
Pharmacology
|
It is transcriptionally active.
| 120 | 3 |
cb4a1fb0-e28c-4ef5-a27d-bf1c92e0a215
|
2020
|
Semi-conservative replication is a process in which:
|
Two DNA molecules are formed, each composed of a strand from the original DNA and a new complementary strand.
|
A completely new DNA is produced.
|
It occurs only hypothetically.
|
Pharmacology
|
The origin strands break during replication and are rearranged into a molecule with a mixture of new and old fragments.
| 121 | 2 |
5ee61dd1-199f-47f9-a903-c15c1aa711c0
|
2020
|
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
|
What is a universal code.
|
That there are three reading frames.
|
That an amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon.
|
Pharmacology
|
That does not require a termination codon.
| 122 | 4 |
64db2d59-f49e-42da-97cb-186ad75f1b00
|
2020
|
Which of the following parameters is used for the calculation of plasma osmolarity?
|
Creatinine.
|
Hemoglobin.
|
Sodium.
|
Pharmacology
|
Total proteins.
| 123 | 4 |
7f022a77-aa0d-4c72-a01e-61ca73a36898
|
2020
|
Which of the following proteins migrates in the alpha 2 zone of electrophoresis?:
|
Haptoglobin.
|
Transferrin.
|
IgA.
|
Pharmacology
|
C3.
| 124 | 2 |
2724b328-ae6f-4e0a-9e3a-dd8e71e02e9f
|
2020
|
The international unit of measure for enzymatic activity is:
|
Catal.
|
IU/mL.
|
Liter.
|
Pharmacology
|
mg/dL.
| 125 | 2 |
efa8b32a-d2ab-4edb-afc6-591646174d71
|
2020
|
Indicate the false relation regarding trace elements and their main functions:
|
Chromium --- Participates in the metabolism of glucose.
|
Iodine - Present in thyroid hormones.
|
Molybdenum --- It is part of vitamin B12.
|
Pharmacology
|
Copper --- Melanin synthesis.
| 126 | 4 |
a01e68ed-bc7f-4c44-b82f-ef93e5b14cf7
|
2020
|
Which of the following clinical situations at the time of diagnosis is false?:
|
Primary Hypothyroidism --- Increased TSH and decreased T4.
|
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism --- Decreased TSH and normal T4.
|
Central Hypothyroidism --- Decreased TSH and Decreased T4.
|
Pharmacology
|
Subclinical hypothyroidism --- Decreased TSH and increased T4.
| 127 | 3 |
c5354299-3a51-4f58-89c1-aa4ea8513580
|
2020
|
What is the active form of vitamin D?
|
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
|
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
|
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
|
Pharmacology
|
25-hydroxyvitamin D.
| 128 | 2 |
de3171e1-222d-47a0-8793-68114ef92550
|
2020
|
To which group of chelating agents does EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), a reagent widely used in complex formation evaluations, belong?
|
Bidentate.
|
Unidentate.
|
Hexadentate.
|
Pharmacology
|
Tetradentate.
| 129 | 4 |
d455c2e1-216b-49ab-92c7-e1f592e1cd8a
|
2020
|
Vitamin C can be determined in an oxidation-reduction titration, by back titration using potassium iodate as the primary standard, to produce triiodide. What titrant reagent would be the choice in this titration?
|
Potassium permanganate.
|
Potassium dichromate.
|
Sodium tetraborate.
|
Pharmacology
|
Sodium thiosulfate.
| 130 | 3 |
ea818665-06f1-4252-b624-ace16cc10fd7
|
2020
|
Which of the following compounds is used as a precipitating reagent for metallic cations in applications of gravimetric methods?:
|
Sodium tetraborate.
|
Potassium acid biphthalate.
|
Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA).
|
Pharmacology
|
8-Hydroxyquinoline.
| 131 | 3 |
f4db1637-1761-4c59-8aa9-0233dc1ce335
|
2020
|
Which of the following volumetric titrations does the Fajans method belong to?:
|
Precipitation.
|
Acid-base.
|
Complex formation.
|
Pharmacology
|
Redox.
| 132 | 2 |
47526082-2330-45f2-a3b8-362287f88f03
|
2020
|
The Karl Fisher assessment with automatic titrators, using coulometric methods, is used for the determination of a residual solvent in samples of different nature. Indicate which:
|
Methanol.
|
Water.
|
Benzene.
|
Pharmacology
|
Ethanol.
| 133 | 1 |
7789427c-0114-49cd-8350-6193f03b6c20
|
2020
|
Considering only the Cs term (resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase) of the Van Deemter equation, how can the H value (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) of a solute in a chromatographic separation be reduced?
|
Increasing the particle diameter of the stationary phase.
|
Increasing the speed of the mobile phase.
|
Increasing the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the mobile phase.
|
Pharmacology
|
Increasing the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the stationary phase.
| 134 | 3 |
38426eb7-9710-49cd-804f-aa20ddb178bf
|
2020
|
Which of the following experimental conditions produces an increase in the fluorescence signal?
|
Work at high temperatures.
|
Use halogenated solvents.
|
Bubble oxygen into the solution.
|
Pharmacology
|
Work with viscous solvents.
| 135 | 3 |
8fd39962-4da6-4434-a222-3814b5d1bc40
|
2020
|
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