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What is the diagnostic procedure for the infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium?
Culture.
Microscopy.
Xenodiagnosis.
Pharmacology
Direct Immunofluorescence.
31
1
c545ee9c-19e2-440a-901a-bf5bcf3b53db
2020
Indicate which of the following galenic processes is associated with the Scherer method or rotary matrices:
To the production of soft gelatin capsules.
To the direct compression of powdered mixtures in multi-layer compression machines.
For the dosing of powders in hard capsules.
Pharmacology
To the volumetric dosing of semi-solids through piston valves.
32
2
bd4d8788-d522-46cd-9a0a-49263f28b7e2
2020
Indicate which of the following procedures is/are accepted by the European regulations for obtaining water for injectable preparations:
It can only be obtained by distillation from drinking water, suitable for human consumption.
It can only be obtained through distillation from purified water, suitable for the preparation of medicines.
It can be obtained through heat sterilization and subsequent sterile packaging.
Pharmacology
It can be obtained through distillation or through an equivalent process such as reverse osmosis with electro-deionization.
33
3
1e736705-b9b2-4680-a4ee-c4779efd1a37
2020
According to the Royal Spanish Pharmacopoeia, syrups are sweet-tasting liquid preparations with a viscous consistency that may contain sucrose at a concentration not less than:
30% w/w.
36% w/w.
64% w/w.
Pharmacology
45% w/w.
34
3
0d974eea-f6b2-40bc-8b07-73203650d166
2020
Indicate which of the following options correctly describes the technique of iontophoresis:
Applied to non-ionic drugs, it allows increasing their water solubility by applying a potential difference between two electrodes.
It promotes the absorption of ionic drugs through the skin using a low-intensity electric current.
It is a technique of analysis and identification of drugs by applying a potential difference in a gel, based on their iontophoretic mobility.
Pharmacology
Allows the ionization of drugs in transdermal application devices to prevent systemic absorption.
35
1
b0f2d1dc-7fa1-4302-9a8c-d1239edc0ca7
2020
The main purpose of clarifying filtration of ophthalmic suspensions is to remove particles larger than:
10 µm.
5 µm.
90 µm.
Pharmacology
25 µm.
36
4
85fcdd7e-fe7f-45d2-b2d4-a7a6e5694d4c
2020
Which of the following characteristics does not correspond to depth filters?:
The retention mechanism is carried out through screening and adsorption.
They have pores of heterogeneous size.
Due to its thickness, a certain amount of liquid is retained inside.
Pharmacology
They have a low retention capacity.
37
3
154a5efe-da4a-473b-a684-b28b3129d790
2020
Which of the following saturation states does not correspond to the wet granulation process?:
Capillary.
Pendular.
Funicular.
Pharmacology
Nuclear.
38
3
4bce7cc9-8616-4855-9270-628b7bfdc590
2020
Which of the following pharmacological strategies does not have an antiemetic effect?:
Antagonism of the D2 receptor.
H1 receptor antagonism.
Neurokinin 1 Antagonism.
Pharmacology
Antagonism of nicotinic receptors.
39
3
c14b5fd6-6145-40e6-8e8d-f0fcf4e8764e
2020
Which of the following statements about hematological reactions caused by drugs is false?:
The antihypertensive methyldopa can cause hemolytic anemia.
The granulocytopenia caused by antineoplastic drugs is usually reversible.
Agranulocytosis caused by drugs is a disorder that results in mild clinical consequences.
Pharmacology
Chloramphenicol can cause aplastic anemia.
41
4
60c9b4b9-126b-41f8-95b3-0a31a5dcd724
2020
The atria are capable of increasing the heart rate through the action of mechanoreceptors located in their walls that activate with stretching. This effect is a nervous reflex that is called:
Bainbridge.
Bezold-Jarisch.
Cushing.
Pharmacology
Hering-Breuer.
42
2
8438e142-b64b-447a-9f1e-99fa1ec3e0cf
2020
What is the name of the muscle protein that has a molecular weight of 70 kDa, with a structure of coiled helices and whose function is to cover the active interaction points of actin filaments with myosin filaments?
Titina.
Troponin.
Tropomyosin.
Pharmacology
Nebulin.
43
4
a0b5e5af-b14a-45e6-8a22-78e30bcd57c3
2020
Indicate the correct statement:
The increase in potassium ion concentration decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
The increase in angiotensin II concentration decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
The regulating effect of ACTH on the speed of aldosterone secretion is minimal in most physiological disorders.
Pharmacology
The increase in sodium ion concentration increases the secretion of aldosterone.
44
4
2909258a-ac1a-4f26-9c49-1c04f3a65860
2020
Which of the following statements about retinoid type drug receptors is correct?:
They are found in the cell membrane.
They form dimers with the glucocorticoid receptor.
They are G protein-coupled receptors.
Pharmacology
Once activated, they bind to specific DNA sequences and initiate the transcription of their target genes.
45
3
1fc7f64c-fe3d-4963-ab82-3b86ad5bc9a4
2020
The main consequence of the concentration of cisplatin in the cells of the proximal renal tubules by the organic cation transporter 2 is:
Increase in your urinary excretion.
Appearance of nephrotoxicity.
Increase in creatinine clearance.
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetic interaction with drugs that are actively secreted by the proximal tubule.
46
1
ece221a0-e39c-4dde-88ac-a8f2a9f583e9
2020
Some sulfonamides can cause jaundice as an adverse reaction in premature neonates due to their binding to albumin. Which of the following statements about this reaction is incorrect?:
The induction with phenobarbital of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase reduces its risk.
It is due to bilirubin, which is displaced from its binding to albumin.
It only happens if the newborn presents certain genetic variants of the monooxygenase-cytochrome P450 system.
Pharmacology
The basal ganglia are affected.
47
4
3b3e0a51-7a66-4cd2-86d8-d4c8cdd29eec
2020
Which of the following statements about digoxin is correct?:
Reduces mortality after a myocardial infarction.
In some elderly people, their renal excretion can decrease so much that their plasma concentration reaches toxic levels.
It is used in the treatment of angina pectoris resistant to nitrates.
Pharmacology
Reduces recurrent tachyarrhythmias associated with abnormal conduction pathways of the cardiac impulse.
48
1
cfd88c38-5afc-4ebd-bc78-d65cb572e7f0
2020
Regarding the adjustment of antihemostatic medication, indicate what is incorrect:
The thrombin time is used to adjust the dosage of fibrinolytic drugs.
The activated partial thromboplastin time is useful in adjusting the dose of unfractionated heparin.
The dose of lepirudin is adjusted based on the activated partial thromboplastin time.
Pharmacology
The dose of warfarin is adjusted based on the prothrombin time, expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR).
49
2
b8596f8a-f913-438a-9cd2-9fb5baeb951c
2020
Regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), indicate the correct option:
Tobacco has been ruled out as a risk factor.
It is characterized by the progressive and largely irreversible obstruction of air flow.
Patients do not show bronchial hyperreactivity.
Pharmacology
Having an excess of alpha 1-antitrypsin has been shown to be a predisposing factor.
50
1
1237a548-a90e-4c24-bbc3-9e9b2d4d460f
2020
The tactile receptors whose main function is to locate the sensations of stimuli in specific areas of the body surface are the corpuscles of:
Krause.
Ruffini.
Meissner.
Pharmacology
Pacini.
51
4
50027646-2631-4927-9805-d580c6eb273a
2020
Indicate the false answer about the intrinsic pathway of coagulation:
It begins with the activation of factor XII, produced by contact with a surface devoid of endothelium.
It is triggered when blood comes into contact with the tissue factor, forming a complex with factor VII.
Phospholipids, which act as a catalyzing surface, are provided by the platelets.
Pharmacology
Factor IX is involved.
52
1
4904aec2-f025-4a12-aa9f-44b9bab05abb
2020
Among the causes of thrombocytopenia, it is not found:
Sepsis.
Hypersplenism.
Bone marrow aplasia.
Pharmacology
Hemophilia.
53
3
434dde81-fcb2-4ab9-bd26-7cfea76ae33a
2020
Indicate which of these antigens is expressed in B lymphocytes:
CD19.
CD2.
CD5.
Pharmacology
CD3.
54
2
aed9fcc6-b06b-4324-9555-519b44a68854
2020
Regarding fibrinogen, indicate the false answer:
Its transformation into fibrin is due to the action of thrombin.
It is the coagulation factor I.
It is present in the serum, but not in the plasma.
Pharmacology
It is of hepatic and extrahepatic synthesis.
55
4
35b79bc5-e2cc-4625-af74-0d74569520e7
2020
Indicate the correct association in relation to erythrocyte morphology:
Dacryocytes --- tear-shaped red blood cells.
Schistocytes --- sickle-shaped red blood cells.
Stomatocytes --- red blood cells in the shape of a target.
Pharmacology
Sickle cells --- fragmented red blood cells.
56
2
81bfbf49-961c-426e-9a5e-aee5e508e3d2
2020
Which of the following findings is most characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia?:
Palpable splenomegaly.
Reed-Sternberg cells.
The rearrangement of the BCR/ABL gene.
Pharmacology
The reduction of granulocytic alkaline phosphatase.
58
4
24a847f8-e4fd-4032-b3f4-94893accb65d
2020
Indicate which of the following is not a consequence of high blood pressure:
Stroke.
Ventricular hypertrophy.
Arteriosclerosis.
Pharmacology
Osteoporosis.
59
3
120959b0-e69f-4078-816e-efde33daafd8
2020
Which of the following conditions does not play a significant role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension?:
Thromboembolism in pulmonary arteries.
Emphysema.
Heart failure.
Pharmacology
Systemic hypertension.
60
3
1cca4544-2902-46c8-8539-9f491b9c9204
2020
Indicate the false statement regarding Parkinson's disease:
It occurs as a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
It is usually accompanied by stiffness and bradykinesia.
The most striking clinical feature is the tremor.
Pharmacology
It is often associated with hearing loss.
61
3
25e91274-f83e-4450-857b-038749c73584
2020
Regarding achalasia, an esophageal disorder, point out what is correct:
It is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter, with reduced peristaltic activity.
It is a disorder of the upper esophageal sphincter.
It is a retrosternal pain caused by tonic esophageal contractions.
Pharmacology
It involves simultaneous contractions throughout the esophagus lacking a propelling effect.
62
2
4bd38108-f35d-4a47-9eca-712923cbc2f2
2020
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:
It is caused by a deficiency in the dystrophin protein.
It is a recessive disease linked to the Y chromosome.
It is a less severe variant of Becker's disease.
Pharmacology
It causes the muscular tone and reflexes to not be maintained.
63
2
5d169b81-788f-4020-9658-873633417b42
2020
Indicate the incorrect answer in relation to familial hypercholesterolemia:
The majority of patients present mutations in the LDL receptor gene.
It is an autosomal recessive variant of hypercholesterolemia due to LDL receptor defects.
It involves the elevation of the total cholesterol concentration, while that of triglycerides tends to be normal.
Pharmacology
They are caused by mutations in the LDL receptor, familial apo B deficiency, and variants of PCSK9.
64
1
818fdaf5-9a37-493e-908b-46c601f20e6a
2020
Fabry Disease:
It is a recessive disease linked to the Y chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase A.
It is a recessive disease linked to the X chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase A.
It is a dominant disease linked to the X chromosome, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase B.
Pharmacology
It is a Y chromosome-linked dominant disease, characterized by a deficiency of alpha galactosidase B.
65
1
a684a493-96d4-4193-bfc1-4c00d1da403f
2020
Indicate the correct answer in relation to porphyrias:
They can be classified into three categories: erythropoietic, hepatic, and renal.
They are a group of twelve diseases due to abnormalities in the synthesis of the heme group.
The urine has a colorless appearance due to uroporphyrin and, to a lesser extent, coproporphyrin.
Pharmacology
The basic enzyme deficiency causing this disease is a hypoactivity of the uroporphyrinogen III synthase.
66
3
d3493c71-d264-4b2f-a903-ce42c8a1ed00
2020
Atracurium belongs to a therapeutic group that is used in anesthesia for its action on the motor endplate. What is the mechanism of action of this group?:
Competitive antagonists of acetylcholine.
Acetylcholinesterase stimulants.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Pharmacology
Non-competitive antagonists of acetylcholine.
67
2
81041f5d-e31b-4c08-b363-a9826cf25038
2020
Prazosin and doxazosin are drugs indicated for hypertension that also improve the lipid profile, being prototypes of the following group:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists.
Alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists
Pharmacology
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.
68
3
446b794d-69f8-44df-9ff4-0792a9406ef8
2020
Which of the following drugs that reduce the formation of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase is indicated in the management of hyperuricemia?:
Colchicine.
Amiodarone.
Febuxostat.
Pharmacology
Probenecid.
69
4
b585ede6-3fe4-4feb-84b1-c14c5c4bc8ec
2020
What adverse effects are typical of chronic administration of sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitors (thiazides)?
Metabolic acidosis.
Hypokalemia and hypercalcemia.
Hypouricemia and hypermagnesemia.
Pharmacology
Hypoglycemia.
70
1
340d3c1c-23ce-40dd-8498-c97b6296c430
2020
Metformin:
It has a higher incidence of weight gain than other antidiabetic drugs.
It works by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis through activating AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK).
It is a sulfonylurea that produces hypoglycemia.
Pharmacology
It is a drug that inhibits sodium-glucose cotransport.
71
1
539f0176-b31b-4df4-beb0-ac457a9627ab
2020
In relation to enalapril, it is true that:
Stimulates the angiotensin converting enzyme.
Blocks the sodium pump.
Stimulates the renin-angiotensin system.
Pharmacology
It inhibits the formation of angiotensin II.
72
3
5d32e8b5-2bb7-4a1b-a170-e97f0069fb7a
2020
Furosemide is a drug:
That produces metabolic acidosis.
Inhibitor of the sodium-chloride cotransporter.
Indicated for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Pharmacology
Used in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema.
73
3
400c8a42-1e26-4c45-9570-2a97b6606702
2020
Indicate the correct answer:
Ezetimibe increases the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of LPL.
Gemfibrozil prevents intestinal absorption of cholesterol by inhibiting the NPC1L1 transporter protein.
Bile acid binding resins decrease the absorption of some drugs such as folic acid.
Pharmacology
The pleiotropic effects of statins are derived from the reduction of cholesterol.
74
4
e12548d3-05f3-404b-aa9d-9a9c33046138
2020
Sildenafil is CONTRAINDICATED in patients treated with:
Salicylates.
Antianginals from the group of nitrates.
Platelet antiaggregants from the thienopyridines group.
Pharmacology
Beta-blockers.
75
1
75d481fa-98dc-4278-a051-92eedcb7486a
2020
Indicate the correct answer:
The antagonists of the 5-HT1B receptors are used in depression.
Almotriptan is a selective agonist of the 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptors.
The antagonists of the 5-HT2 receptors are indicated in schizophrenia.
Pharmacology
A 5-HT2 receptor antagonist is used for anxiety.
76
1
076325da-2528-41f6-be79-b934fe1cb9da
2020
Which of the following drugs is a direct thrombin inhibitor?:
Rivaroxaban.
Prasugrel.
Eptifibatide.
Pharmacology
Dabigatran etexilate.
77
3
306d2162-f882-481f-9e2e-aeaa6478d8c9
2020
Indicate which of the following groups of drugs has a predominantly venodilating effect:
Nitrates.
Calcium channel antagonists.
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists.
Pharmacology
Beta-blockers.
78
2
ca23a9b0-99a0-4bcf-89b3-9e46ca929116
2020
The zolpidem:
It is a partial agonist of the 5HT1A serotonin receptor.
Increases the latency of non-REM sleep.
It is a hypnotic with few psychomotor effects.
Pharmacology
It is an antagonist of the benzodiazepine binding sites of the GABA receptor.
79
4
4ba65106-695d-4e5c-8c4e-1e7fab6a48e5
2020
Which of the following drugs is effective in absence seizures and in bipolar disorder?:
Ethosuximide.
Gabapentin.
Clonazepam.
Pharmacology
Sodium Valproate.
80
3
c03e73d7-cba9-488d-87ee-3e88650451d9
2020
Relate a drug with its pharmacological action:
Ketamine --- non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptors.
Propofol --- reduces the chloride current mediated through the GABA-B receptor.
Rotigotine --- monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
Pharmacology
Risperidone --- 5HT1 antagonist.
81
2
d06ee46d-4c54-4758-82fe-5543bd7147dc
2020
Malignant hyperthermia is a syndrome that can occur when drugs are combined:
Ganglionic blockers and intravenous anesthetics.
Local anesthetics and adrenaline.
Succinylcholine and inhalation anesthetics.
Pharmacology
Benzodiazepines and antihypertensives.
82
4
de21042b-7c44-4150-a21a-84cda0ad4ee8
2020
Which drug is indicated for the treatment of acute nausea and vomiting induced by antineoplastics?
Chlorpromazine.
Doxylamine.
Metoclopramide.
Pharmacology
Granisetron.
83
3
7222bf3a-84ec-4c63-9d57-0fbddb061688
2020
Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody:
IL-6 antagonist.
TNF-alpha antagonist.
Chimeric that acts by inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Pharmacology
Of human origin (IgG1), specific for the CD-52 antigen.
84
2
ad8407bf-f902-4272-bb5b-d0efa6ee6092
2020
Regarding antineoplastic drugs, indicate which one is false:
Melphalan is derived from plants that inhibit topoisomerase I.
Ifosfamide acts as an alkylating agent.
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Pharmacology
Doxorubicin, which is obtained from a fungus, inhibits topoisomerase II.
85
2
3646ffbd-5ace-44fe-b362-dd6ceaf4ffba
2020
Of the following drugs, one of them lacks antiarrhythmic action, point out which one:
Amlodipine.
Verapamil.
Flecainide.
Pharmacology
Amiodarone.
86
2
7e091704-3560-42a9-bb35-9b2efe548b4f
2020
Indicate the anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:
Rituximab.
Adalimumab.
Abatacept.
Pharmacology
Tofacitinib.
87
1
45e2d6b6-8b5a-4444-9d7b-a22239b7493b
2020
Bupivacaine is a drug:
General anesthetic.
Amide type local anesthetic.
Antidepressant.
Pharmacology
Antidiabetic.
88
1
d83648d5-c418-4819-8538-9ea1a3b62f91
2020
Indicate the false association among the following regarding plant species and active ingredient:
Orthosiphon aristatus --- diterpenes.
Hamamelis virginiana --- tannins.
Cynara scolymus --- phenolic acids.
Pharmacology
Matricaria recutita --- alkaloids.
90
3
538abb02-c3fd-47c8-88f7-385ea7c932db
2020
Scopolamine is the active ingredient of:
Cinchona spp.
Areca catechu L.
Datura stramonium L.
Pharmacology
Drosera rotundifolia L.
91
4
ca3b5db2-04fe-4daa-a531-8ac460ab4e09
2020
Curcuma longa is a plant species from the Zingiberaceae family with proven anti-inflammatory activity. The part of the plant that is used is:
The dried flowering top.
The rhizome.
The cotyledons of the seed.
Pharmacology
The fruits.
92
1
954a2486-7ec8-4a2d-8a75-b55ac88993f6
2020
Which of the following statements, regarding the absorption process through the facilitated diffusion mechanism using transporters, is false?:
They are selective processes.
The number of transporters is limited.
They are performed in favor of the concentration gradient.
Pharmacology
They require metabolic energy consumption.
93
3
b619c975-86bf-40d4-8296-f44b90436c94
2020
When a decrease in the fraction of the absorbed dose (bioavailability) occurs in oral administration, while the plasma clearance remains constant:
It reduces the time at which the maximum concentration appears.
Increases the maximum concentration.
The plasma half-life is not affected.
Pharmacology
Increases the area under the curve of plasma concentrations.
94
4
c4ecc70c-9bd3-437d-8a81-153867052543
2020
In the biopharmaceutical classification system, a drug that is administered orally and has high solubility and high permeability is:
Class II.
Class I.
Class IV.
Pharmacology
Class III.
95
1
45b7f3c8-5fee-4bde-944e-3e74b043b0f5
2020
Which part of the plasma concentration vs. time graph would you use to calculate the magnitude of bioavailability (F) after oral administration of a single dose of a medication?
The concentration in steady state (Css).
The maximum concentration (Cmax).
The integral of the curve (area under the curve).
Pharmacology
The slope of the elimination phase.
97
4
798dc6b6-bfcd-49f3-80a6-aef6a0f93a58
2020
In the metabolism process, which of the following is a Phase II biotransformation reaction?:
Reduction.
Oxidation.
Hydrolysis.
Pharmacology
Conjugation.
98
3
385f8e96-8625-4d23-9490-5dfa698e145b
2020
The average absorption time of a drug coincides with its average residence time at the place of absorption when the drug is formulated in:
Immediate release tablets.
Capsules.
A solution.
Pharmacology
A modified release system.
99
4
57a60595-acf9-4b9c-958d-592a52e9474a
2020
400 mg of a drug is administered to a patient, determining a plasma level of 1 μg/mL. What is the apparent volume of distribution?
400 liters.
0.04 liters.
400 ml.
Pharmacology
4 liters.
100
2
86c699a6-a948-4ac6-9692-2fb41bd5f362
2020
Which of the following characteristics is necessary to achieve the net transfer of a drug through a biological membrane by passive diffusion?:
A higher concentration of total drug on one side of the membrane.
A higher concentration of the non-ionized fraction of the drug on one side of the membrane.
A protein transporter of the drug in the membrane.
Pharmacology
An ionizable group in the drug molecule.
101
1
9f0b49d3-1383-4f47-8047-7ac51819ac29
2020
In the administration of a drug by continuous intravenous infusion, what does the concentration in steady state (Css) depend on?
On bioavailability.
Of the administered dose.
On the rate of incorporation and bioavailability.
Pharmacology
On the speed of drug integration and plasma clearance.
102
3
1740bddc-bc08-4b37-8cb2-b3232dc461f7
2020
Which of the following statements regarding the urinary excretion of drugs is false?:
Tubular reabsorption is a process of drug loss in plasma.
Glomerular filtration is limited by molecular size.
At usual drug doses, renal excretion is an apparent first-order process.
Pharmacology
Tubular secretion is a system of elimination.
103
2
d4aac3b9-345e-4528-9f2c-620a79449c32
2020
Which of the following amino acids does not have a polar uncharged group in its side chain?:
Methionine.
Threonine.
Glutamine.
Pharmacology
Cysteine.
104
2
3021c999-6fca-4767-9b23-c34292b319c8
2020
In relation to the reversible inhibition of an enzymatic reaction, which of the following statements is false?:
A competitive inhibitor alters the Km.
A competitive inhibitor modifies the Vmax.
A non-competitive inhibitor modifies the Km.
Pharmacology
A non-competitive inhibitor modifies the Vmax.
105
1
4b8c77e9-5bd6-4b9b-9cbc-dbdc1b72401f
2020
Which of the following molecules is not part of a proteoglycan?:
Hyaluronan.
Agrecan.
Fibronectin.
Pharmacology
Keratan sulfate.
106
4
fe827d17-a639-4cd3-bca1-c9da36450de7
2020
Which of the following lipids is a sphingolipid?:
Cardiolipin.
Phosphatidylcholine.
Plasmalogen.
Pharmacology
GM2 Ganglioside.
107
3
5f131410-8704-471e-9ee3-986841f81529
2020
Insulin reduces the expression of the gene of:
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Pharmacology
Phosphofructokinase-1.
108
2
ab899c4a-a690-4171-ab4c-9b55b09201f5
2020
One of the following processes does not take place in the mitochondria of animal cells:
Elongation of fatty acids.
Oxidation of fatty acids.
Synthesis of ketone bodies.
Pharmacology
Fatty acids synthesis.
109
3
47c51739-a303-47cc-9442-8c576d8f4f92
2020
Indicate the ketogenic amino acid:
Glutamine.
Cysteine.
Lysine.
Pharmacology
Methionine.
110
4
b29ea35a-9f14-4870-a571-1156aa3e78b5
2020
Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is true?:
The presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in red blood cells decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
The decrease in pH increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
It binds to oxygen in an irreversible way.
Pharmacology
It presents a hyperbolic oxygen saturation curve.
111
2
e994bc26-5fe5-473b-8dde-0d35ddd112be
2020
Which of the following statements about the Michaelis constant is true?:
It is the substrate concentration at which the reaction speed is Vmax.
It is the concentration of substrate at which the reaction rate is half of the maximum speed (1/2 Vmax).
It is the concentration of the substrate measured at the initial moment.
Pharmacology
It is the Vmax at which the enzyme is saturated by the substrate.
112
1
45fb67b8-30e6-4c3e-98ec-3eb715b61efe
2020
Which of the following reactions is not part of glycolysis?
Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-biphosphate + ADP.
Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-P + ADP.
Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP.
Pharmacology
Glucose-6-phosphate → Glucose-1-phosphate.
113
3
18ed152d-2d16-4c4c-b0c4-5f7b26c6184d
2020
Which of the following metabolites is common to both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway?:
6-Phosphogluconate.
Ribulose-5-phosphate.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Pharmacology
Xylulose-5-phosphate.
114
4
2f17f1a6-3624-4ac6-9450-a4a10edc2818
2020
The cycle of tricarboxylic acids or Krebs cycle:
It is the central route of oxidation for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
It takes place in the mitochondria and only in the absence of oxygen.
It is not an amphibolic pathway.
Pharmacology
Generates NAD+ and FAD.
115
2
701b4aad-924d-4b20-abeb-070541e1ce2b
2020
Which of the following repair mechanisms acts after DNA replication?:
Nucleotide cleavage.
Direct reversal.
Removal of mutagens.
Pharmacology
Repair due to incorrect pairings.
117
3
cdcc193a-5fa4-4d4e-bf83-9423bac2a167
2020
Regarding the translation, which statement is true?:
A fragment of DNA can be transferred from the genome of one cell to another.
It consists of protein synthesis.
It is the first step in the expression of a gene.
Pharmacology
It is a process of recombination of DNA sequences.
118
1
088bbfe7-167b-4537-b0cf-f5c6f4edd094
2020
The negative charge of DNA is due to:
The nitrogenous base.
The pentose.
The single bonds.
Pharmacology
The phosphate group.
119
3
10754df1-3c34-4f1e-ae5d-c1c9d202c3ca
2020
Regarding heterochromatin, which statement is false?:
The transcription of a eukaryotic gene is strongly repressed when its DNA is condensed into heterochromatin.
It is associated with the centromeres.
It is in a more condensed state than the rest of the chromatin.
Pharmacology
It is transcriptionally active.
120
3
cb4a1fb0-e28c-4ef5-a27d-bf1c92e0a215
2020
Semi-conservative replication is a process in which:
Two DNA molecules are formed, each composed of a strand from the original DNA and a new complementary strand.
A completely new DNA is produced.
It occurs only hypothetically.
Pharmacology
The origin strands break during replication and are rearranged into a molecule with a mixture of new and old fragments.
121
2
5ee61dd1-199f-47f9-a903-c15c1aa711c0
2020
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
What is a universal code.
That there are three reading frames.
That an amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon.
Pharmacology
That does not require a termination codon.
122
4
64db2d59-f49e-42da-97cb-186ad75f1b00
2020
Which of the following parameters is used for the calculation of plasma osmolarity?
Creatinine.
Hemoglobin.
Sodium.
Pharmacology
Total proteins.
123
4
7f022a77-aa0d-4c72-a01e-61ca73a36898
2020
Which of the following proteins migrates in the alpha 2 zone of electrophoresis?:
Haptoglobin.
Transferrin.
IgA.
Pharmacology
C3.
124
2
2724b328-ae6f-4e0a-9e3a-dd8e71e02e9f
2020
The international unit of measure for enzymatic activity is:
Catal.
IU/mL.
Liter.
Pharmacology
mg/dL.
125
2
efa8b32a-d2ab-4edb-afc6-591646174d71
2020
Indicate the false relation regarding trace elements and their main functions:
Chromium --- Participates in the metabolism of glucose.
Iodine - Present in thyroid hormones.
Molybdenum --- It is part of vitamin B12.
Pharmacology
Copper --- Melanin synthesis.
126
4
a01e68ed-bc7f-4c44-b82f-ef93e5b14cf7
2020
Which of the following clinical situations at the time of diagnosis is false?:
Primary Hypothyroidism --- Increased TSH and decreased T4.
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism --- Decreased TSH and normal T4.
Central Hypothyroidism --- Decreased TSH and Decreased T4.
Pharmacology
Subclinical hypothyroidism --- Decreased TSH and increased T4.
127
3
c5354299-3a51-4f58-89c1-aa4ea8513580
2020
What is the active form of vitamin D?
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Pharmacology
25-hydroxyvitamin D.
128
2
de3171e1-222d-47a0-8793-68114ef92550
2020
To which group of chelating agents does EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), a reagent widely used in complex formation evaluations, belong?
Bidentate.
Unidentate.
Hexadentate.
Pharmacology
Tetradentate.
129
4
d455c2e1-216b-49ab-92c7-e1f592e1cd8a
2020
Vitamin C can be determined in an oxidation-reduction titration, by back titration using potassium iodate as the primary standard, to produce triiodide. What titrant reagent would be the choice in this titration?
Potassium permanganate.
Potassium dichromate.
Sodium tetraborate.
Pharmacology
Sodium thiosulfate.
130
3
ea818665-06f1-4252-b624-ace16cc10fd7
2020
Which of the following compounds is used as a precipitating reagent for metallic cations in applications of gravimetric methods?:
Sodium tetraborate.
Potassium acid biphthalate.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA).
Pharmacology
8-Hydroxyquinoline.
131
3
f4db1637-1761-4c59-8aa9-0233dc1ce335
2020
Which of the following volumetric titrations does the Fajans method belong to?:
Precipitation.
Acid-base.
Complex formation.
Pharmacology
Redox.
132
2
47526082-2330-45f2-a3b8-362287f88f03
2020
The Karl Fisher assessment with automatic titrators, using coulometric methods, is used for the determination of a residual solvent in samples of different nature. Indicate which:
Methanol.
Water.
Benzene.
Pharmacology
Ethanol.
133
1
7789427c-0114-49cd-8350-6193f03b6c20
2020
Considering only the Cs term (resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase) of the Van Deemter equation, how can the H value (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) of a solute in a chromatographic separation be reduced?
Increasing the particle diameter of the stationary phase.
Increasing the speed of the mobile phase.
Increasing the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the mobile phase.
Pharmacology
Increasing the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the stationary phase.
134
3
38426eb7-9710-49cd-804f-aa20ddb178bf
2020
Which of the following experimental conditions produces an increase in the fluorescence signal?
Work at high temperatures.
Use halogenated solvents.
Bubble oxygen into the solution.
Pharmacology
Work with viscous solvents.
135
3
8fd39962-4da6-4434-a222-3814b5d1bc40
2020