question
stringlengths 7
1.06k
| op2
stringlengths 2
358
| op1
stringlengths 2
370
| op4
stringlengths 2
399
| category
stringclasses 6
values | op3
stringlengths 2
355
| exam_id
int64 1
210
| cop
int64 0
4
| unique_id
stringlengths 36
36
| year
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The ATP synthase enzyme involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is found in: | The mitochondrial intermembrane space. | The mitochondrial matrix. | The outer mitochondrial membrane. | Biology | The inner mitochondrial membrane. | 52 | 3 | db291f66-74fe-4881-9497-586d338795df | 2024 |
Regarding primary lysosomes, it is known that: | Basic hydrolases are found in the lysosomal lumen. | Lysosomal enzymes are incorporated by protein translocation. | Most lysosomal membrane proteins are heavily glycosylated. | Biology | The ATPases of the lysosomal membrane pump protons from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol. | 53 | 4 | 9b160297-d859-411f-8325-b5d66a0e0e1b | 2024 |
Which of the following structures is not associated with cytoskeleton filaments? | Watertight junctions (also called hermetic or occlusive). | Communicating junctions or gap type. | Desmosomes. | Biology | Adherent junctions. | 54 | 1 | f35f4661-4d25-4966-9274-da4b609e5399 | 2024 |
What is the secretion mechanism of the sebaceous glands in the skin? | Apocrine. | Eccrine. | Molecular. | Biology | Holocrine. | 55 | 3 | ca86cdd3-b6cd-410d-a47d-288e9f40cb7a | 2024 |
In which tissue is type II collagen abundant? | Cartilaginous tissue. | Dense fibrous connective tissue. | Bone tissue. | Biology | Adipose tissue. | 56 | 2 | 75883aa6-b37d-46ce-b26e-9e82af2fcf2a | 2024 |
Which cell type of bone tissue originates from precursor cells present in the bone marrow?: | The osteocytes. | The osteoclasts. | The osteoprogenitor cells. | Biology | The osteoblasts. | 57 | 1 | b147756f-98ec-49ba-9c4c-f09b35f5be88 | 2024 |
What is the structure that connects cardiomyocytes? | The T-tubules. | The Z lines. | The cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | Biology | The intercalated discs. | 58 | 3 | 49ec452d-b172-4c72-9b3e-a887e7d64f80 | 2024 |
In the neuromuscular spindles, two different types of modified muscle fibers can be distinguished, which are easily distinguished by: | Because some receive synaptic contacts and others do not. | The arrangement of their cellular nuclei. | Based on their position in the center or on the periphery of the spindle. | Biology | Because some detect stretching and others tension. | 59 | 1 | 11d569f7-cfca-40a2-a64d-e49ec2b9d62d | 2024 |
In the liver tissue, the Disse spaces are delimited by: | Centrilobular vein and sinusoids. | Hepatocytes and bile canaliculi. | Endothelium of the sinusoids and hepatocytes. | Biology | Kupffer cells. | 60 | 4 | 4d0567b4-63b8-4bdc-8287-0d1503550ab3 | 2024 |
In tissues that have a relationship with the external environment (skin, digestive tract, lung, etc.) "dendritic" cells are observed, whose main function is: | Vary the permeability of the blood vessels. | Renew the fundamental substance of connective tissue. | Transmit electrical signals to the diffuse endocrine system. | Biology | Present antigens for the lymphocytes. | 61 | 3 | a4e7d492-0213-48e3-a481-51ec53a7fca0 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following structures can never be observed in the umbilical cord: | Artery. | Mesenchymal cells. | Vein. | Biology | Trophoblast. | 62 | 3 | dc6d6673-4bc1-4d9f-9994-e29d60accbb7 | 2024 |
What cells do plasma cells derive from?: | T lymphocytes. | B Lymphocytes. | Monocytes. | Biology | Macrophages. | 63 | 1 | 1a8fcebe-cc96-4a16-a4b9-c8779bb4b63c | 2024 |
What characterizes myoepithelial cells? | They are exclusive to large blood vessels. | They are associated with the intestine. | They are characteristic of hollow organs such as the gallbladder. | Biology | They are cells associated with secretory glands. | 64 | 3 | 9df97687-65b4-42bc-a1f6-afe8dd0bd353 | 2024 |
What are the layers of the thick epidermis, like that of the palm of the hands, from the innermost to the outermost? | Basal layer, spiny, lucid, granular and horny. | Basal layer, lucid, spiny, granular and horny. | Basal layer, spiny, granular, lucid and horny. | Biology | Basal layer, granular, spinous, lucid, and horny. | 65 | 4 | e2577373-c877-4274-97f9-a9aa63b1f998 | 2024 |
The Glisson's capsule covers: | Liver. | Spleen. | Lung. | Biology | Kidney. | 66 | 2 | b408e471-33c9-462d-ae29-3fb4c29e9fa2 | 2024 |
Which epithelium is exclusive to the urinary tract?: | Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. | Simple columnar epithelium. | Biology | Transitional epithelium. | 67 | 3 | 4d8488ad-59d7-4cce-9221-394f5d0d3d6b | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following statements is not correct to introduce an exogenous gene into a target cell: | Microinjection allows the introduction of the gene of interest through the membrane of the target cell using a micro-needle. | Electroporation uses an electric current that opens pores in the membrane of the target cell. | The use of viruses that contain the exogenous gene can increase the specificity and efficiency of delivery in target cells. | Biology | The use of mild detergents is a chemical method that opens pores in the cell membrane to allow the passage of the exogenous gene into the target cell. | 68 | 3 | 61b7660e-c495-490f-8405-62e60ed63180 | 2024 |
The daughters of a couple in which only the father exhibits a dominant trait linked to the X chromosome with 100% penetrance: | It will be manifested in 25% of the cases. | They will never exhibit the characteristic. | They will always display the characteristic. | Biology | It will manifest in 50% of the cases. | 69 | 4 | 52ca3068-6f70-4d39-9122-8cf0dc231d45 | 2024 |
Can a person with Down syndrome have only 46 chromosomes in their karyotype? | Yes, as a result of certain Robertsonian translocations. | NO, in no case. | Yes, as a result of certain inversions. | Biology | Yes, as a result of certain deletions. | 70 | 2 | 15cc0f38-f074-4935-bfa5-6b779ad5d12a | 2024 |
Can more than one allele of a gene that exhibits mitochondrial inheritance be inherited? | No, because the DNA repair systems prevent it. | No, because the mitochondrial genome is inherited exclusively from the mother. | Yes, but only in the case of two codominant alleles. | Biology | Yes, as a result of maternal heteroplasmy. | 71 | 3 | ae263512-5152-42a4-af6c-ed68a50755e6 | 2024 |
In familial studies of the heritability of quantitative traits, what information does the variance of monozygotic twins provide? | Exclusively genetic variance. | Exclusively environmental variance. | The sum of the environmental variance and half of the genetic one. | Biology | The sum of genetic and environmental variances. | 72 | 1 | e02088c5-f0e0-4df9-8c9e-7d9f1eaf59d7 | 2024 |
Which of the following phenomena contribute to the generation of spontaneous mutations?: | The isomerization of the nitrogenous bases of DNA by tautomerism. | The presence of STOP codons. | The accumulation of cholesterol in the nuclear envelope. | Biology | The co-transcriptional maturation of pre-messenger RNA. | 73 | 2 | 069d017f-0830-477a-8c41-5cc3bcd0ccc8 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following nitrogenous bases are classified as purines: | Adenine and thymine. | Guanine and adenine. | Cytosine and thymine. | Biology | Cytosine and adenine. | 74 | 1 | 9743abda-6e3e-42a6-a172-a47fde39f26a | 2024 |
Select the phase of the cell cycle where the chromosomes are arranged in the equatorial plane: | Metaphase. | Prophase. | Anaphase. | Biology | Telophase. | 75 | 2 | 3f5178cd-e3e3-49da-9d13-93dec3e690ca | 2024 |
Define what a microsatellite consists of: | Transposable DNA sequences that can move to other locations within the genome. | Region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome. | Short DNA sequences of 10 to 40 base pairs in length, moderately repeated scattered throughout the genome. | Biology | DNA sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs in length that are found in segments of approximately 3000 repeats. | 76 | 4 | 2f830f30-7fc8-4044-900c-856c8eac8bbd | 2024 |
Choose the type of chromosomes that have the centromere in the middle of their structure: | Acrocentric. | Metacentric. | Submetacentric. | Biology | Telocentric. | 77 | 1 | 9550ded3-50f7-4599-9cc7-35b526e3ace2 | 2024 |
Select the cause of familial Down syndrome: | A deletion in chromosome 21. | An inversion in chromosome 21. | An extra X chromosome. | Biology | A translocation between chromosome 14 and 21. | 78 | 3 | 73ef81ff-bea8-4027-b810-8b9f07cdcb6e | 2024 |
Select the definition of monosomy: | Loss of a single chromosome in a diploid genome. | Gain of a single chromosome in a diploid genome. | Loss of two chromosomes in a diploid genome. | Biology | Gain of a single chromosome in a haploid genome. | 79 | 2 | 52a180f5-4cc1-4682-bbc3-58afa7efa38c | 2024 |
The Meselson and Stahl experiment demonstrated that: | The transcription is dispersive. | Transcription is semiconservative. | The replication is semiconservative. | Biology | The replication is conservative. | 80 | 4 | cad54d6a-975a-482f-b8b5-038e5126c6d0 | 2024 |
The degenerate genetic code means that: | A certain amino acid can be specified by more than one codon. | Mutations that involve a change in the reading frame are tolerated. | The genetic code is not universal in all organisms. | Biology | The mRNA degrades rapidly. | 81 | 2 | 0134fc0a-d700-4c68-9b41-97a88bc180d7 | 2024 |
Select the stop codons: | UAG, UUA and UGA. | UAG, UAA, and UGA. | UAG, CAG and UGA. | Biology | UAG, GUG, and GCA. | 82 | 1 | 6b41ad8d-1d0b-402f-9aec-2b030ad8ce92 | 2024 |
In which life cycle of the bacteriophage is the phage's DNA incorporated into the bacterial chromosome? | In the lysogenic cycle. | In the lytic cycle. | Neither in the lytic cycle nor in the lysogenic cycle. | Biology | Both in the lytic cycle and in the lysogenic cycle. | 83 | 2 | 3a501e07-339c-47ee-b1bd-8ae78f62e824 | 2024 |
Which enzyme does a retrovirus use to make a DNA copy of its genome? | RNA polymerase. | DNA polymerase. | Integrase. | Biology | Reverse transcriptase. | 84 | 3 | a4d188e3-cf73-4b90-a1bf-f906a7c001b1 | 2024 |
Which of the following relationships would be true in a double-stranded DNA molecule?: | A + T = G + T. | A + T = G + C. | A/T = G/T. | Biology | A + C = G + T. | 85 | 3 | 0ccf7b21-2d03-4092-8293-30ec6fba0f24 | 2024 |
In the DNA chain, the phosphate connects the 3' carbon of a deoxyribose with: | The 3' carbon of the adjacent deoxyribose. | The 5' carbon of the adjacent deoxyribose. | The nitrogenous base of the following nucleotide. | Biology | The nitrogenous base of the previous nucleotide. | 86 | 1 | ab6533ad-bb89-4988-a62e-5ac9a656e03a | 2024 |
How many copies of histone H2B will be found in a chromatin that contains 50 nucleosomes? | 5. | 1. | 100. | Biology | 50. | 87 | 4 | b3fed417-5712-4917-9529-b9f917c9d601 | 2024 |
A mutation in a gene that reverses the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene is: | An intragenic suppressor mutation. | An intergenic suppressor mutation. | A neutral mutation. | Biology | A positional effect. | 88 | 1 | 1b6c5bf5-d7c4-4419-b4e1-32248941c806 | 2024 |
The repair of double-strand DNA breaks is carried out by: | The photolyase. | The union of non-homologous ends. | It cannot be repaired. | Biology | Nucleotide excision repair. | 89 | 1 | 38ff150b-1a7f-4a88-bc3d-458934b377ae | 2024 |
The locus of the Retinoblastoma gene (RB1) is on the chromosome: | 12. | 11. | 17. | Biology | 13. | 90 | 3 | 635d2c26-5399-49e9-9c7e-a0dbf5db6b43 | 2024 |
The genes exhibiting imprinting are expressed differently: | According to the sex of the individual. | In the adult compared to the embryo. | Depending on whether they come from the paternal or maternal gamete. | Biology | Before and after sexual development. | 91 | 4 | 1d3f236b-d3d3-4398-b8ba-5cdfd12a39b1 | 2024 |
The inheritance of one of the following diseases is autosomal recessive: | Marfan Syndrome. | Huntington's Chorea. | Acute Intermittent Porphyria. | Biology | Alkaptonuria. | 92 | 3 | e384e133-34ce-4f7e-b210-fa96e3750c6e | 2024 |
In a 52-year-old man who is receiving radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy against the bone marrow to be able to receive a transplant and fight the cancer he is suffering from. Which of the following changes is most likely to occur?: | Decrease in the production of B lymphocytes but not of T lymphocytes. | Normal production of all blood cells due to compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis. | Decrease in the production of lymphocytes, B and T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and red blood cells. | Biology | Decrease in the production of neutrophils and monocytes but not B lymphocytes. | 93 | 4 | acfcb364-ea92-4078-88dd-6729c1e44867 | 2024 |
Which of the following lymphoid organs is considered a primary lymphoid organ?: | Thymus. | Tonsils. | Lymph node. | Biology | Peyer's Patches. | 94 | 2 | 98b31a45-0aa9-4f1e-9b5b-f7778e77eb87 | 2024 |
Affinity maturation in germinal centers means that: | The affinity is greater in primary responses than in secondary ones. | Mutations appear in the DNA that encode the constant regions of the immunoglobulins. | The affinity of the antibodies for the antigen increases with antigenic stimulation. | Biology | When a B lymphocyte is stimulated, it can express the second parental allele of the immunoglobulin gene. | 95 | 4 | 5d795074-976a-4368-91a2-372ba566a7c8 | 2024 |
The CD8 molecule: | It is expressed in memory B lymphocytes. | Interacts partially with the presented antigen. | It is expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. | Biology | It has structural homology with TLR4. | 96 | 4 | d8fa5bf5-be94-4b59-be9b-833e7d05d77a | 2024 |
Which two cell types, when merged, generate a hybridoma that produces monoclonal antibodies? | B lymphocyte and myeloma cell. | B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte. | B lymphocyte and tumoral eosinophil. | Biology | Myeloma cell and T lymphocyte. | 97 | 2 | b3ec71e0-4718-47dc-bc0a-e993905881d9 | 2024 |
What is the ligand of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)? | Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). | Bacterial DNA. | Flagellin. | Biology | Viral genetic material. | 98 | 2 | f559560f-0876-431d-8df0-4aa4c33ff979 | 2024 |
What type of allergic reactions are the mast cells present in the skin and mucous membranes responsible for? | Mediated by immune complexes. | Mediated by IgE. | Mediated by T lymphocytes. | Biology | Mediated by cytotoxic reactions. | 99 | 1 | bb323692-8e99-49cb-9564-fef60dd348fb | 2024 |
Which receptor forms the association of the Igβ, Igα, and IgM molecules? | TLR. | TCR. | RIG. | Biology | BCR. | 100 | 3 | da6db035-e57f-436b-bdd8-902f3da38737 | 2024 |
What type of antibodies are involved in type I allergic reactions? | IgG. | IgE. | IgM. | Biology | IgA. | 101 | 1 | 29d7f9e6-0385-413a-b990-13b8918fb541 | 2024 |
Which of the following immune-based diseases is associated with an immediate or type I hypersensitivity reaction?: | Pulmonary tuberculosis. | Hay fever. | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. | Biology | Contact dermatitis due to nickel. | 102 | 1 | 4f48524a-8838-4f04-ae2f-5342c2324949 | 2024 |
Which of the following immune system cells is not of myeloid lineage?: | Basophils. | Monocytes. | Mast cells. | Biology | ILC3. | 103 | 3 | 85c3f1d9-ed47-46ff-8527-b729abbb4cc2 | 2024 |
Which of the following mediators released by mast cells during anaphylaxis is routinely used in the diagnosis of this reaction?: | Leukotrienes. | Tryptase. | Histamine. | Biology | PAF. | 104 | 1 | a05f4129-b7df-43ef-904f-0a7f8aaf66cc | 2024 |
Which of the following receptors is not found on the cell surface (plasma membrane) of macrophages?: | TLR2. | TLR1. | TLR4. | Biology | TLR3. | 105 | 3 | 0a7b381b-c62a-44c5-bfdc-15d2f24f98b6 | 2024 |
Which of the following statements regarding the biological actions of type I interferons (IFN) is incorrect?: | The strongest stimulus for the synthesis of type I IFN is IL-2 produced by CD4 T lymphocytes. | Type I IFNs are produced by cells infected by viruses in response to intracellular signals (TLR). | The functional defect of Type I IFN has been implicated with increased severity of the COVID-19 disease caused by SARS CoV 2. | Biology | Type I IFNs are capable of inhibiting the synthesis of certain viral proteins. | 106 | 2 | 099cd33b-b62e-494f-89f9-0c6385ee346d | 2024 |
They are food allergens that must be declared (European Regulation 1169/2011; Royal Decree 126/2015) in restaurants in Spain and Europe, all of the following except: | Milk. | Fish. | Mustard. | Biology | Rosaceous fruits. | 107 | 3 | ef3b727a-152f-4473-9878-f5d63b7cf7e0 | 2024 |
The Jurkat cells: | They are an immortalized T lymphocyte cell line. | They are an immortalized B lymphocyte cell line. | They originate from a human melanoma tumor. | Biology | They originate from a human myeloma. | 108 | 2 | 34640680-bb92-4e11-ace9-733a24989f0c | 2024 |
Which vascularized organ can eliminate old and damaged blood cells, opsonized microorganisms and is involved in initiating adaptive immune responses against antigens? | Thymus. | Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). | Lymph node. | Biology | Spleen. | 109 | 3 | 09062349-0774-42f1-8c3a-db4cb7d1920a | 2024 |
Which specific organ disease listed is not due to the interaction of self-reactive T lymphocytes with own antigens?: | Type 2 Diabetes. | Multiple sclerosis. | Type 1 Diabetes. | Biology | Psoriasis. | 111 | 2 | f12a24c2-cebd-46b9-a100-34630346641e | 2024 |
Which effector function involved in innate immunity and specific humoral immunity is not characteristic of the complement system? | Mediate in the phagocytosis of microorganisms. | Stimulate inflammation. | Induce the osmotic lysis of microorganisms. | Biology | Avoid opsonization. | 112 | 3 | 17ea0fba-dde0-4c29-813d-fa8b5623a640 | 2024 |
What is the term for the immediate systemic hypersensitivity reaction with edema in many tissues and a drop in blood pressure secondary to vasodilation? | Systemic desensitization. | Immediate allergic reaction. | Anaphylaxis. | Biology | Type III Hypersensitivity. | 113 | 4 | f789bc55-8322-4113-8e61-44ed24e96153 | 2024 |
Which of the options is a secondary immunodeficiency?: | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | Chronic granulomatous disease. | Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. | Biology | X-linked Agammaglobulinemia. | 114 | 2 | fd9bddf4-450a-4f36-b74f-bb8bd6c4eee8 | 2024 |
What type of hypersensitivity is allergic contact dermatitis? | Type II or antibody-mediated. | Type I or immediate. | Type IV or delayed. | Biology | Type III or immune complex-mediated. | 115 | 4 | 569cafa8-06ce-42d6-8975-944dd8e0e147 | 2024 |
Opsonization: | Phagocytosis decreases. | It occurs through the union of opsonins on the surface of microbes. | It is increased in individuals with C3 deficiency. | Biology | It is inhibited by the complement. | 116 | 1 | fb824eec-5ec9-45a9-a869-64043497e40c | 2024 |
Which of the following pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system is not soluble?: | Complement factors. | C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs). | Collectins. | Biology | Pentraxins. | 117 | 1 | b2666f68-4857-42b3-8e2d-4c92bdcb2fd4 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following TLRs recognize double-stranded RNA molecules: | TLR3. | TLR2. | TLR9. | Biology | TLR7. | 118 | 2 | 13d976ca-fdbc-45f6-b913-83431e124d55 | 2024 |
In a box plot (also known as "Box-plot" or "Boxand-Whisker plot") that we use to describe a set of quantitative values, the values that delimit the central box are: | The limits of the confidence interval for the mean at 95%. | The median and the 95% quantile. | The first and the third quartile. | Biology | The mean plus/minus the interquartile range. | 120 | 4 | 9a64210b-6b50-49be-ba42-d2b7da3dc6dc | 2024 |
The probability distribution that is necessary to use to calculate the confidence interval of a normal population is: | The Student's t-distribution. | The normal distribution. | The uniform distribution. | Biology | The chi-square distribution. | 121 | 3 | 4fa5b0af-05f2-4dfa-8915-c1804bc0e0d7 | 2024 |
As a result of a hypothesis contrast to test the null hypothesis H0, a p-value (or P value) of 0.025 is obtained. So: | H0 is rejected at significance levels 0.05 and 0.01. | H0 is accepted at the significance level of 0.05 and rejected at 0.01. | H0 is accepted at the significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. | Biology | H0 is rejected at the significance level of 0.05 and accepted at 0.01. | 122 | 3 | 60d1c3be-1cc5-45a3-b79a-8939df7ff3a7 | 2024 |
One of the fundamental hypotheses in a simple regression model (Y=a+bX+e) is that: | The data are independent. | The residues (e) are all equal to zero. | The sum of the response values (Y) is zero. | Biology | The covariable (X) is estimated by least squares methods. | 123 | 2 | ba4cd987-d27b-4343-97a1-4abc1fa01b92 | 2024 |
The appropriate graph to represent the frequencies of a continuous quantitative variable that we have grouped into intervals of different lengths is: | A pie chart. | A Pareto diagram. | A box plot diagram ("Box-plot"). | Biology | A histogram. | 124 | 3 | 353dcdb0-da28-4fc9-98ff-e4250afa706d | 2024 |
According to the KDIGO 2020 guide for the management of diabetes in chronic kidney disease (CKD): | Microalbuminuria should be used to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). | Basal glycemia must be used to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). | Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should be used to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). | Biology | Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should NOT be used to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease). | 125 | 4 | c09896b7-81f0-4153-b515-603b818d1f77 | 2024 |
Which of the following causes does not provoke hematuria: | Cystitis. | Nephrolithiasis. | Trauma. | Biology | Liver diseases. | 126 | 3 | 87da6514-385a-4146-92c8-d1cfa4cb56f9 | 2024 |
Which of the following enzymes does not participate in the metabolism of galactose: | Galactose-1-P-Uridyltransferase. | UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase. | Galactose-6-P-Uridyltransferase. | Biology | Galactokinase. | 127 | 4 | 1d10b194-9717-4341-bd5c-6d7b7d148ae8 | 2024 |
The deficiency of Fructose-1-P-Aldolase manifests with: | Hyperuricemia. | Hyperglycemia. | Increase in N-glycosylation of proteins. | Biology | Metabolic alkalosis. | 128 | 2 | 9bf450f6-77ba-4926-b721-0f89dbad16a2 | 2024 |
The most sensitive marker of tubular proteinuria is: | Albumin. | Alpha-1-microglobulin. | Immunoglobulin A. | Biology | Alpha-2-macroglobulin. | 129 | 1 | 61644dbb-dc43-4bdc-b445-316bab2630ad | 2024 |
What type of anticoagulant is most suitable for carrying out an arterial or venous blood gas analysis? | Liquid sodium heparin. | Unfractionated Heparin. | Low molecular weight heparin. | Biology | Lithium Heparin. | 130 | 3 | 45938ea5-165e-44de-93fd-0fe68054aa58 | 2024 |
In the human body, where is the largest reserve of usable iron located? | Bound to hemosiderin. | Bound to transferrin. | In the form of free iron in the blood plasma. | Biology | Being part of the hemoglobin contained in the erythrocytes. | 131 | 3 | 62edee9e-730d-41ea-909f-f47b24f448f6 | 2024 |
Which of the following hormones is characterized by varying its secretion throughout the day?: | Androstenedione. | Aldosterone. | Cortisol. | Biology | Antidiuretic hormone. | 132 | 4 | f327e0c3-f14b-4efd-9ec9-06eb12ae8703 | 2024 |
After a suspicion obtained by prenatal screening, what test should be requested in amniotic fluid to confirm or rule out a trisomy 21? | Quantification of the beta fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG). | Quantification of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). | Calculation of the lecithin / sphingomyelin ratio. | Biology | Performing a karyotype. | 133 | 3 | 2f55c49d-2f5f-4693-8b24-5c998afc200e | 2024 |
Which of the following biological markers can help confirm the diagnostic suspicion of a mucopolysaccharidosis?: | Glycosaminoglycans in urine. | Amino acids in plasma. | Very long chain fatty acids in plasma. | Biology | Organic acids in urine. | 134 | 2 | 09b714a6-988a-4034-af5f-e1f416491aa7 | 2024 |
In relation to hereditary fructose intolerance, it is TRUE that: | Acute symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sweating, and dehydration, among others, may appear. | It is a disease of autosomal dominant inheritance. | Currently, there is no effective treatment. | Biology | It is caused by a deficiency of fructokinase. | 135 | 2 | 1898cd2a-6945-4991-aa11-75f36f8ef442 | 2024 |
In regenerative anemias: | The main causes are hemorrhages and hemolysis. | There is an underproduction of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. | Under physiological conditions, the red blood cells formed in the bone marrow circulate for 60 days in peripheral blood. | Biology | This may be due to a defect in the pluripotent stem cell or to an alteration in erythroblastic maturation. | 136 | 2 | 3514da9a-b26b-487d-8847-ab2f4be2f862 | 2024 |
Regarding classic galactosemia, caused by a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), it is incorrect: | The typical "oil drop" nuclear cataract develops in the lens. | The serious and early liver damage leads to cholestasis, fibrosis and progressive cirrhosis. | A decrease in plasma galactose and galactitol occurs. | Biology | The presence of sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is common in the neonatal period. | 137 | 4 | 1eb9273b-99e9-4269-8400-dbb2e918043c | 2024 |
Regarding glycogen storage diseases or glycogenosis: | Glycogenosis type III occurs due to a deficiency of one of the components of the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme system. | The diagnosis should be based on the combination of the clinical, biochemical, and genetic analysis. | Glycogenosis type IV is characterized by intolerance to physical exercise. | Biology | In most glycogen storage diseases, the goal of treatment is to prevent hyperglycemia. | 138 | 1 | ba9ddd8f-41de-4989-bbe0-c4f64b1da786 | 2024 |
Regarding hemoglobinopathies, indicate the false answer: | Thalassemias are characterized by a decrease in the hemoglobin content of the red blood cell (hypochromia). | They can be due to quantitative alterations due to a decrease in the synthesis of a normal globin chain. | In sickle cell anemia, erythrocytes easily pass through the microcirculation of tissues. | Biology | In β-thalassemia, the presence of red blood cells "in the shape of a fish" is characteristic. | 139 | 4 | 9ad7f082-7b80-47ef-8948-3689f7cb720c | 2024 |
In relation to the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), it is true that: | AMH is expressed in women, during the reproductive phase, by the theca cells of the pre-ovulatory follicles. | The serum concentrations of AMH are related to the size of the ovarian follicular reserve, thus being a marker of this reserve. | Serum concentrations of AMH are undetectable in males under 2 years of age. | Biology | In polycystic ovary syndrome, AMH levels are lower than the appropriate reference values for age. | 140 | 1 | 04604a61-4eab-4779-ae9f-21f0f1304777 | 2024 |
Which of the following syndromes presents with a hormonal profile of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?: | Kallmann Syndrome. | Turner Syndrome. | Ulrich Noonan Syndrome. | Biology | Klinefelter Syndrome. | 141 | 2 | 9bd53a48-35da-4c73-9900-3664e0c02527 | 2024 |
Testosterone is the main hormone secreted by: | The Sertoli cells. | The theca cells. | The granulosa cells. | Biology | The Leydig cells. | 142 | 3 | 8e5bacf6-364e-4a19-bcb5-7931aafc44ab | 2024 |
Which of the following situations is associated with hyperchloremic normal anion GAP? | Ketoacidosis. | Severe anemia. | Lactic acidosis. | Biology | Type II Renal Tubular Acidosis. | 143 | 3 | b8a7f343-f7e6-409a-8ac5-1fd7d5e87376 | 2024 |
In relation to Cushing's syndrome, which of the following causes could be considered the origin of it? | Secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by non-pituitary tumors. | Chronic under-secretion of the pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). | Secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). | Biology | Hypersecretion of prolactin. | 144 | 2 | 6f43126a-18eb-497f-bdf3-da444bbb7ddb | 2024 |
Which of the following lipoproteins could be found in patients with biliary obstructive disease, disappearing from circulation when the cholestasis that originated it is resolved?: | Lipoprotein x. | Lipoprotein a. | Very low-density lipoproteins. | Biology | Chylomicrons. | 145 | 2 | 3290744f-4b67-4ac3-84e8-4c588b213047 | 2024 |
Which increase in apolipoprotein is related to heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Apolipoprotein B. | Apolipoprotein E. | Apolipoprotein AI. | Biology | Apolipoprotein CII. | 146 | 2 | 94df2c95-bcb4-4550-897a-e5bc8735772b | 2024 |
In relation to the biochemical markers for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, indicate the CORRECT response: | Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) is the marker of choice for the management of myocardial infarction. | The accumulation of lactate is one of the first signs of muscle ischemia. | Most of the enzymes that are initially released after a heart attack are of mitochondrial origin. | Biology | The ultrasensitive troponin is not a reliable marker of myocardial damage. | 147 | 1 | f74ac5b6-9817-41c9-8a2c-e45f06496608 | 2024 |
Which of the following parameters is not included in the latest guidelines of the European Society of Arteriosclerosis for the estimation of the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation): | Blood pressure. | Triglycerides. | Non-HDL Cholesterol. | Biology | Sex. | 148 | 1 | adaa3c54-f601-4343-a955-ce80f62e0fd6 | 2024 |
Among the objectives of semen preparation techniques for fertility study, the following is not included: | Preserve glycoproteins and peptides that inhibit capacitation. | Separate the spermatozoa from the seminal plasma that contains incapacitating substances, prostaglandins and lymphokines. | Provide a culture medium that contains sterol-capturing molecules (albumin) and an ionic composition that supports the homeostasis of the spermatozoon and facilitates transduction signals (calcium, bicarbonate). | Biology | Remove dead sperm, leukocytes, round cells and infectious agents. | 149 | 2 | e45f2690-4586-4d0c-847d-64b2df4dca45 | 2024 |
The carcinoid syndrome is characterized by an increase in circulating levels of: | Serotonin. | Calcitonin. | Dopamine. | Biology | Histamine. | 150 | 2 | 1f88b864-012f-4265-94db-a22033f1a02e | 2024 |
Where is the BRCA-2 gene located, whose mutation predisposes to the development of breast and ovarian cancers? | 13q. | 13p. | 17q. | Biology | 17p. | 151 | 4 | 59142c3c-626b-4d83-891e-ca8348d20a96 | 2024 |
Which gene is most frequently associated with acquired mutations in melanoma? | EGFR. | KRAS. | BRAF. | Biology | TP53. | 152 | 4 | f41c5569-74d1-456d-b7d6-5d52b60ad37d | 2024 |
Which of the following parameters is generally decreased in prostate cancer in relation to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia?: | Prostate-Specific Antigen Density (dPSA). | Total Prostate Specific Antigen (total PSA). | Prostate-specific antigen complex (PSA complex). | Biology | Percentage of free prostate antigen (free PSA). | 153 | 3 | ac156e3e-f23a-4731-84f4-3a196fc64d46 | 2024 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.