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Which of the following functions is not characteristic of mitochondria?: | Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. | Biosynthesis of amino acids. | Post-translational modifications of proteins in the secretory pathway (glycosylations and disulfide bridges). | Biology | Homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
| 46 | 4 | 6c67f2e0-f798-4e60-9dc3-d1c745d459f2 | 2023 |
Through what mechanism does the lumen of lysosomes and vacuoles become acidified? | Through a proton pump. | Through facilitated diffusion of ions. | By the Ca2+ pump. | Biology | Through the Na+/K+ pump. | 47 | 2 | e25b402e-8214-46c4-8bf8-f08db4c76dde | 2023 |
In what stage of the cell cycle does the replication of genetic material occur in eukaryotic cells? | During the S phase. | During the G1 phase. | In prometaphase. | Biology | In prophase. | 48 | 2 | 860ea54b-0617-4028-8184-709dbfdd9e50 | 2023 |
How do G protein-coupled membrane receptors transmit the signal? | Its ligands, of a hydrophobic nature, directly cross the membrane activating a small intracellular GTPase. | The ligand binds to the seven-transmembrane domain receptor that is associated with a heterotrimeric G protein. | The receptor itself, after binding to the ligand, hydrolyzes GTP and transmits the signal to the next effector. | Biology | The extracellular ligand binds to the receptor with tyrosine kinase activity which is associated with a G protein. | 49 | 1 | f258de8d-c9cf-497b-8cb8-58bf0c95f7c2 | 2023 |
The microvilli: | They contain actin filaments. | They are keratin skin appendages. | They are involved in amoeboid movement. | Biology | They are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. | 50 | 2 | 42089510-6e21-4f91-929c-6dc084625c02 | 2023 |
Molecular chaperones are involved in: | The fusion of synaptic vesicles. | The folding of proteins. | The organization of the centromeres. | Biology | The blocking of actin filaments. | 51 | 1 | dcc40ce9-08bd-4691-946c-6b3b4cdd9fd7 | 2023 |
The coronary flow during systole: | It is GREATER in the Thebesian veins. | It is GREATER in the endocardium. | It is LESSER in the endocardium. | Biology | It is GREATER in the epicardium. | 52 | 4 | a6f34372-8808-471f-9966-629c4dabebfe | 2023 |
Regarding the G protein-coupled receptors: | They can activate the increase of cAMP in the cytosol. | They are ion transporters. | One of the subunits of the G protein is an adenylyl cyclase. | Biology | They depend on ATP for their activation. | 53 | 2 | 18286a33-d9fb-4a30-95a9-be3c545e56b9 | 2023 |
The retinoblastoma protein (Rb): | It is a tumor suppressor protein. | It activates the transition from G2 to M. | Blocks p53, favoring the progression of the cell cycle. | Biology | Inactivates the cyclin D-dependent kinase. | 54 | 2 | 8885c973-f7cb-4038-8e51-59500ebedc1e | 2023 |
The structures called connexons are characteristic of: | Adherent junctions like adhesive belts (zonula adherens). | The occluding junctions or tight junctions (zonula occludens). | The contacts or focal adhesions. | Biology | Gap junctions or nexuses. | 55 | 3 | 348c9357-90fc-46ee-aa1f-48dd002c2cdd | 2023 |
Which of the following organs is lined with simple columnar epithelium?: | The esophagus. | The intestine. | The pulmonary alveoli. | Biology | The urinary bladder. | 56 | 1 | 0ebc38a9-2c40-4c7a-88bb-83b682695701 | 2023 |
The so-called "isogenic or isogenous groups" are specific: | Of the cartilaginous tissue. | From the dense fibrous connective tissue. | From the brown adipose tissue. | Biology | Of the bone tissue. | 57 | 2 | b9e318cb-5a7a-4718-a40b-95ff16e13973 | 2023 |
Which of the following cell types of connective tissue are derived from blood monocytes?: | The adipocytes. | The plasma cells. | Mast cells or basophils. | Biology | The macrophages. | 58 | 3 | b6f5a487-e6f0-4250-a58c-93e295fe3295 | 2023 |
Which of the following cells usually have more than one cell nucleus?: | Smooth muscle cells. | Cells from the germinal layer of the skin epithelium. | Pericytes. | Biology | Osteoclasts. | 59 | 3 | 0ed81fa4-0480-489f-9c2b-f845dcbe3958 | 2023 |
In the ovary, the Graafian follicle has a basal membrane that separates: | The inner and outer theca. | The granulosa of the inner theca. | The cumulus oophorus of the follicular antrum. | Biology | The oocyte of the granulosa cells. | 60 | 1 | d59f7eb7-36ad-4292-bf60-60e8a322489e | 2023 |
The epithelium of the nasopharynx is: | Flat and ciliated. | Stratified with goblet cells. | Pseudostratified and ciliated. | Biology | Pseudostratified with keratin. | 61 | 4 | 029c0526-c80e-4e84-9c94-9f3490765a72 | 2023 |
The cells that surround the neurons of the nerve ganglia are called: | Oligodendrocytes. | Schwann cells. | Astrocytes. | Biology | Satellite cells. | 62 | 3 | ddb81ded-d509-4a8c-8985-dfaa56411628 | 2023 |
One function of astrocytes is: | Provide structural and metabolic support to the neuron. | Act as a transmitter. | Contain enzymes to degrade the neuron in case of functional failure. | Biology | Form synapses. | 63 | 2 | dc82f201-8d07-4a9f-863f-0e5d7d2220c2 | 2023 |
The blood capillaries are composed of: | Several layers of endothelial cells. | A layer of mesenchymal cells. | A layer of endothelial cells and a basal lamina. | Biology | A layer of endothelial cells and another of smooth muscle cells. | 64 | 4 | adf00efe-cd91-4119-85fe-5401ef5ea747 | 2023 |
The endocardium is composed of: | A simple cylindrical epithelium and a layer of smooth muscle cells. | A simple squamous epithelium and a layer of connective tissue. | A layer of endothelial cells that rests directly on the myocardium. | Biology | A simple ciliated cylindrical epithelium and a layer of striated muscle cells. | 65 | 1 | 39d68f05-44a2-4ae7-b471-070d88d3e1cd | 2023 |
The Billroth cords are characteristic of: | Spleen. | Liver. | Adrenal gland. | Biology | Testicle. | 66 | 2 | c347d384-294c-4edc-a9e4-4ba0b27ea84a | 2023 |
The clusters of lymphoid nodules in the ileum are called: | Peyer's Patches. | Brunner's Glands. | Lieberkühn's Crypts. | Biology | Paneth cells. | 67 | 2 | 3d02bb37-7cfd-45f1-a137-8733384a064c | 2023 |
The chromosomes that have a displaced centromere, between the center and the end, with one arm slightly longer than the other, are called: | Submetacentric. | Metacentric. | Acrocentric. | Biology | Telocentric. | 68 | 2 | 4e545303-c577-42f8-a922-15cc33fa79a3 | 2023 |
The organisms of a given species have a diploid number equal to 18. In this species, how many chromosomes would a triploid individual have? | 19. | 17. | 36. | Biology | 27. | 69 | 3 | 578522ed-8357-4a83-9171-4cc480aceb16 | 2023 |
To be effective, a gene substitution therapy must ensure that the healthy gene is introduced into the target cell and: | Produce the correct amount of the desired normal protein. | Destroy the defective endogenous gene. | It is inserted into the mitochondria. | Biology | It binds to the cellular messenger RNA. | 71 | 2 | 94119128-9d5e-4370-9f16-88f6f39233ae | 2023 |
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in: | The HEXA gene that causes a significant deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (hex A). | The PAH gene, which encodes an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. | The SERPINA1 gene causes a deficiency of the enzyme α1-antitrypsin (α1AT). | Biology | The CFTR gene, which encodes a chloride channel located in the apical membrane of some epithelial cells. | 72 | 3 | 4b51e08e-5a3c-47c6-945e-514cbfd305bf | 2023 |
The phenotypic expression of a hereditary trait depends on the: | Genotype and population size. | Genotype exclusively. | Genotype, environment, and population size. | Biology | Genotype and environment. | 73 | 3 | ac1c85d8-7c8e-4c53-924a-d75884b7f084 | 2023 |
The Ames test is used for: | Measure the intensity of ultraviolet radiation. | Measure the frequency with which a mutation reverts. | Detect the mutagenicity of a substance. | Biology | Detect the reparative capacity of a substance. | 74 | 4 | eda4babe-9796-48af-81b8-ae4db0d2519f | 2023 |
The action of telomerase: | Promotes the aging of the genome. | Counters the replicative shortening of the chromosomes. | It only takes place in germ cells. | Biology | It cleaves the telomeres at the end of the S phase of the cell cycle. | 75 | 1 | fed85880-0622-455c-ae4b-67537e4faa04 | 2023 |
The presence of premature stop codons in eukaryotic messenger RNA: | It prevents the termination of its transcription. | Promotes alternative splicing processes. | Induces its rapid degradation. | Biology | It produces more stable proteins. | 76 | 4 | 6c877384-84bd-4d76-b4e0-9435ae0d2884 | 2023 |
A deoxynucleotide is composed of: | A hydrogen base, a pentose, and a phosphoric acid. | A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphoric acid. | Two nitrogenous bases, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphoric acid. | Biology | A nitrogenous base, a hexose, and a phosphoric acid. | 77 | 1 | dcc3969b-964d-4b2d-a151-c79c054b0601 | 2023 |
The nucleosome is composed of: | Four copies of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and 147 bp of DNA. | Two copies of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, and 1470 bp of DNA. | Four copies of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and 1470 bp of DNA. | Biology | Two copies of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and 147 bp of DNA. | 78 | 3 | 67b11fb9-5c7c-45ff-b99c-9868a7b62c35 | 2023 |
The RNA Polymerase I transcribes the ribosomal genes: | 5.8s, 18s and 28s. | 5s, 18s and 28s. | 8.5s, 18s and 28s. | Biology | 8s, 18s and 28s. | 79 | 2 | d333fa73-97ef-40d5-8009-5f24868a161e | 2023 |
The DNA ligase enzyme: | Unwind the double helix of DNA. | Synthesizes the initiator RNA. | Joins the Okazaki fragments. | Biology | Cleaves the Okazaki fragments. | 80 | 4 | ae451708-fef3-4677-a7a6-e3a47d3b66b2 | 2023 |
The double helix of DNA has a diameter of: | 3.4 nanometers. | 2 nanometers. | 34 nanometers. | Biology | 20 nanometers. | 81 | 1 | 68f933b4-5632-45b9-9461-3b2e16258b20 | 2023 |
Hemophilia A is a type of disease: | Linked to the X chromosome. | Linked to the Y chromosome. | With maternal imprint. | Biology | With paternal imprint. | 82 | 2 | e4df1dff-e443-4899-9192-8bd32bba36b8 | 2023 |
Monosomy consists of: | Gain of a chromosome. | Loss of a chromosome. | Gain of a pair of homologous chromosomes. | Biology | Loss of a pair of homologous chromosomes. | 83 | 1 | 69b49ce9-e522-48ca-9357-5cb611afbfc5 | 2023 |
Which of the following mutations would be classified as a transition?: | CGA to CCA. | CGA to AGA. | CGA to CGG. | Biology | CGA to CGT. | 84 | 4 | 838721d4-4e34-4c59-9554-ecf3b9a8152d | 2023 |
The child of a couple in which the mother's blood group is A and the father's is B, could be: | Exclusively group A or group B. | Exclusively group AB. | Group A, Group B, Group AB, or Group 0. | Biology | Only group A, group B or group AB. | 85 | 4 | cb4e5e32-67d3-48c5-91b6-7c9be37232a6 | 2023 |
A person with 45 chromosomes has a: | Aneuploidy. | Euploidy. | Trisomy. | Biology | Monoploidy. | 86 | 2 | d4db09e2-6f22-4fa8-92cb-46cd21d4840f | 2023 |
The telomerase: | Synthesizes DNA in the telomeres without using a template. | It degrades the DNA of the telomeres. | It synthesizes DNA in the telomeres using RNA as a template. | Biology | It synthesizes DNA in the telomeres using DNA as a template. | 87 | 4 | 369317d2-8ae0-4cbd-a96d-a128fbf4b485 | 2023 |
A ribozyme is: | An RNA that encodes a protein with enzymatic functions. | A complex formed by RNA and proteins. | A protein that degrades RNA molecules. | Biology | A RNA molecule with catalytic functions. | 88 | 3 | 726f1212-4846-42aa-8fce-d2829bfe04dc | 2023 |
If the melting or denaturation temperature (Tm) of a DNA sample (A) is higher than that of a sample (B), it means that: | Sample A is richer in GC pairs than sample B. | Sample A is richer in AT pairs than sample B. | The GC pair content is similar in both samples. | Biology | The content of AT pairs is similar in both samples. | 89 | 2 | b95586f7-b32b-4949-9a79-f798b5f5bf5a | 2023 |
How many DNA molecules does a diploid cell 2n=36 contain during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? | 36. | 18. | 108. | Biology | 72. | 90 | 2 | 008ff3a0-1fc1-4c2e-b984-3a68af8f4944 | 2023 |
Immunological memory is due to the presence of: | Immature lymphocytes. | NK Cells. | Lymphocytes sensitized to antigens. | Biology | Neutrophils. | 91 | 4 | bdedd05b-556c-43a6-8b28-7733b44d9556 | 2023 |
Do macrophages produce chemokines? | YES, it is one of their responses. | Macrophages DO NOT produce chemokines, only epithelial cells can produce them. | Only in a state of health. | Biology | It is not known. | 92 | 2 | 9c31ea7a-12ff-45ec-90a9-578c9e86ae23 | 2023 |
What is one of the most characteristic markers of B cells? | CD32. | CD14. | CD38. | Biology | CD19. | 93 | 3 | 96d1581a-7383-42ee-8422-0ad781f49257 | 2023 |
In T lymphocytes, the ITAM domains: | They participate in cell adhesion. | They are found in the alpha and beta chains of the TCR. | They are in the extracellular domain of the CD3 chains. | Biology | They are phosphorylated by the action of tyrosine kinases. | 94 | 3 | abc2ab6f-5f9a-4de6-bb72-f24674cc1bfa | 2023 |
What is the ligand of the CD40L molecule present in T lymphocytes? | CD8. | CD4. | CD56. | Biology | CD40. | 95 | 3 | b98f51f1-c1f7-4610-b018-aabc8f795685 | 2023 |
Which of these molecules is mainly produced by T lymphocytes?: | Interleukin 1. | Beta interferon. | Gamma interferon. | Biology | Complement component 1. | 96 | 4 | 5dde761e-a5cb-42be-912c-7517fd232a2e | 2023 |
Which Toll-like receptor (TLR) has nucleic acids as its ligand?: | TLR4. | TLR2. | TLR9. | Biology | TLR5. | 97 | 4 | 64e7f465-347d-4ab3-9122-51c9b98742a1 | 2023 |
Which technique allows quantifying antigens or soluble immunoglobulins in the plasma? | Immunocytochemistry. | ELISA. | RNAseq. | Biology | ELISpot. | 98 | 1 | 068c5ed7-9ce1-4678-8808-2d5245cf13de | 2023 |
Which myeloid lineage cell is usually present in the blood?: | Plasma cell. | T lymphocyte. | Macrophage. | Biology | Basophil. | 99 | 3 | 85f84b99-c900-4a3f-b8a5-32041c374091 | 2023 |
What type of lymphocytes predominantly recognize peptides bound to the major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I)? | NK Cells. | CD4 T lymphocytes. | B Lymphocytes. | Biology | CD8 T lymphocytes. | 100 | 3 | dd93aa9c-e110-439f-b753-4d77beffb455 | 2023 |
Which characteristic is not typical of adaptive immunity?: | It is triggered in a few hours. | To have memory. | Be very specific. | Biology | Show clonal expansion. | 101 | 2 | 69d85d89-bbf5-4657-9ed1-ad5f37c2c6b6 | 2023 |
What is the name given to the graft transplanted between two subjects with identical genetic composition? | Allogenic. | Autogenous. | Syngeneic. | Biology | Xenogeneic. | 102 | 4 | e8f4db3c-b0cf-48e7-8df7-5d2567d78632 | 2023 |
Which immunoglobulin lacks a hinge region?: | IgM. | IgA. | IgD. | Biology | IgG. | 103 | 2 | 34ee4fc0-e482-413c-8adc-3610f3cc7b89 | 2023 |
What antibody is primarily contained in breast milk: | IgM. | IgD. | IgE. | Biology | IgA. | 104 | 3 | 84b93a98-e593-4c28-ad27-5f9bff9db72c | 2023 |
Which of the following receptors is not found on the cell surface (plasma membrane) of macrophages?: | TLR4. | TLR1. | TLR7. | Biology | TLR5. | 105 | 4 | a6841b91-b245-4703-9359-12e4223aee6b | 2023 |
The transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus, which allows newborns to fight infections, is considered: | Humoral adaptive immunization. | Passive immunization. | Mixed immunization. | Biology | Active immunization. | 106 | 1 | 4649bb2e-1e1f-4f8d-9d9a-56b0aff3abb5 | 2023 |
Regarding the adaptive immune response, when we say that one of its characteristics is "diversity or variability", we refer to the fact that: | Increases the ability to fight repeated infections by various pathogens. | The number of specific lymphocytes capable of controlling microorganisms against the antigen increases. | It ensures that the immune response against an antigen (microbial or not) is directed at that antigen. | Biology | It enables the immune system to respond to a wide variety of antigens (microbial or not). | 107 | 3 | 784ded65-eb28-473e-9bd7-074d8b58f77f | 2023 |
In the phases of the adaptive immune response, what process mediates the containment of the involved lymphocytes? | Clonal expansion. | Antigen recognition. | Differentiation. | Biology | Apoptosis. | 108 | 3 | 4511bcce-6772-4932-b8fe-88572973b5b8 | 2023 |
In the innate immune response, the pattern recognition receptors are activated after associating with: | PRAP of the microorganism. | Pathogen cytokines. | PMAP (or PAMP) in the pathogen. | Biology | PRR of the microorganism. | 109 | 4 | 2ccae4c6-c5fa-47d0-ba37-3e613d3e64cd | 2023 |
The B cells that produce antibodies with higher affinity preferentially bind to the antigen and, as a result of selection, become the dominant B lymphocytes in each subsequent exposure to the antigen, which regarding immunoglobulins generates: | The isotype switch. | The affinity maturation of the antibody. | The improvement of diversity. | Biology | The aggregation of Ig in equivalence. | 110 | 1 | 7c0e8a10-6f60-410b-b6ba-93649f7347c3 | 2023 |
The antigen-antibody interactions are: | Irreversible. | Of covalent type. | Hydrogen bonds exclusively. | Biology | Non-covalent and reversible. | 111 | 3 | fefeb475-f6aa-4d18-a799-24f16ace825e | 2023 |
In which cells is the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecule expressed in humans? | In the majority of nucleated cells in the organism and in the red blood cells. | In the erythrocytes. | In the majority of nucleated cells in the organism. | Biology | Exclusively in the cells of the immune system. | 112 | 4 | 26f45a10-7dad-4227-a025-00ed22423a8f | 2023 |
What do pattern recognition receptors recognize? | Active B and T cells. | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (nucleotide oligomerization domain). | Conserved molecular components associated with pathogens. | Biology | Conserved molecular components associated with the innate immune system. | 113 | 4 | 363f3177-0ab0-4ef7-8fda-0b6bf31e1215 | 2023 |
What function do opsonins have?: | Microbes are marked to be phagocytized. | They reduce phagocytosis. | Mark non-apoptotic cells. | Biology | They inhibit the complement. | 114 | 2 | fe7cdf93-0c1d-4c4f-a0f5-5f946f7f98d7 | 2023 |
What are the three stages of the cancer immunoediting theory? | Cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and M1 macrophage activation. | Elimination, balance, and escape. | Induction, protection, and escape. | Biology | Cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and activation of M2 macrophages. | 115 | 1 | fdb87abb-d6cb-4f2e-9d9d-f0fe485b3fc4 | 2023 |
Which of the following interactions is TRUE?: | CXCL8 in platelets-ICAM-1 in endothelium. | CXCL8 in endothelium-CXCR3 in neutrophils. | CD31 in endothelium-LFA-1 in neutrophils. | Biology | CR3 in neutrophils-ICAM-1 in endothelium. | 116 | 3 | 2845ca34-746b-486b-a597-8ab62ac96b07 | 2023 |
The function of uterine NK cells is: | Collaborate with fetal trophoblastic cells to protect the fetus from infections. | Defending the fetus via adaptive response against infections during pregnancy. | Express class I HLA to interact with trophoblastic cells. | Biology | Control the invasion of spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblastic cells. | 117 | 3 | 96e0e270-b982-4def-9b56-9ea212f2edab | 2023 |
What pathology is an organ-specific autoimmune disease? | Scleroderma. | Rheumatoid arthritis. | Erythematosus lupus. | Biology | Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. | 118 | 3 | edafcba1-039b-4726-8334-730171d2be05 | 2023 |
The induction of differentiation into the different functional subtypes of CD4+ lymphocytes is conditioned by the presence of certain cytokines in the environment. Indicate the CORRECT association: | IL-5 and IFNα or IFNβ induce differentiation to TH2. | IL-12 and IFNγ induce differentiation to TH1. | TGFβ and IL-6 induce differentiation into regulatory T cells. | Biology | IL-6 and IL-17 induce differentiation to TH17. | 119 | 1 | d0f49557-32b1-4b8d-a25b-2686cefcf5b7 | 2023 |
What is X-linked agammaglobulinemia? | A chronic granulomatous disease. | A common variable immunodeficiency. | An acquired immunodeficiency. | Biology | A primary immunodeficiency. | 120 | 3 | aebae988-dfef-4f47-b0dd-b3e1c1516978 | 2023 |
A fundamental characteristic in cohort studies is that: | Exposure to the factor of interest is not assigned by the researcher and, in general, it is predetermined. | They estimate the number of new health events in a given time. | The subjects are selected based on whether or not they have a particular health status. | Biology | Each of the subjects under study is randomly assigned the dose of exposure to the factor of interest. | 121 | 2 | 72373105-98ea-4be5-84c7-23a3a01df682 | 2023 |
In a box plot ("Box-plot" or "Boxand-Whisker plot") that we use to describe a set of quantitative values, the values that delimit the central box are: | The limits of the confidence interval for the mean at 95%. | The median and the 95th percentile. | The first and third quartile. | Biology | The mean plus/minus the interquartile range. | 122 | 4 | 60bdffce-620a-490a-8c9b-6277180f04bc | 2023 |
The probability distribution that is necessary to use to calculate the confidence interval of the variance of a normal population is: | The Student's t-distribution. | The normal distribution. | The uniform distribution. | Biology | The chi-square distribution. | 123 | 3 | bc4793e2-28df-459b-b82e-69bc92ff7d1a | 2023 |
The appropriate graph to represent the frequencies of a continuous quantitative variable that we have grouped into intervals of different lengths is: | A pie chart. | A bar diagram. | A box plot diagram ("Box-plot"). | Biology | A histogram. | 124 | 3 | 34b19a72-a366-4611-a643-fa9110f7e179 | 2023 |
According to the management guide of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), without ST segment elevation, published by the European Society of Cardiology in 2021, the proposed cut-off point for troponin levels in the diagnosis of ACS is at least one troponin value above the percentile: | 95. | 90. | 99. | Biology | 97. | 125 | 4 | f21fd45a-6ec5-4b9d-941a-a3460b0ecfae | 2023 |
Which of the following criteria is not considered a diagnosis for diabetes mellitus?: | Plasma glucose at 2 hours of ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test. The test should be carried out with a load of 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water. | Fasting glucose (no caloric intake in the last 8 hours) ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). | Patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis with a random glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L). | Biology | Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) only when it is ≥ 8.5%. This test should be performed in certified laboratories according to the A1c standards of the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial). | 126 | 3 | 0efe9fe8-b33d-48c5-8c88-76162d0c8077 | 2023 |
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is most frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus?: | Autoimmune disease that progresses with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. | Lack of adaptation of pancreatic beta cells to the increase in insulin demand. | Mutation in insulin promoter gene 1 (IPF1). | Biology | Mutations of the hexokinase IV gene. | 127 | 1 | b315e641-94f8-4c5e-8da2-dedaff65c8a9 | 2023 |
Macroprolactinemia (big-big prolactin) is a phenomenon that: | It occurs more frequently during gestation. | It is associated with corticosteroid treatment. | It occurs more frequently during breastfeeding. | Biology | It can lead to false hyperprolactinemias. | 128 | 3 | f7d32187-9e5c-4f4f-a077-c2906007af33 | 2023 |
The formula for calculating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) when all analyte concentrations are expressed in mg/dL is: | LDL-C = total cholesterol - HDL-C - triglycerides/4. | LDL-C = total cholesterol - HDL-C - triglycerides/5. | LDL-C = triglycerides - HDL-C - total cholesterol/4. | Biology | LDL-C = triglycerides - HDL-C - total cholesterol/5. | 129 | 1 | 8e8b5190-42d5-4f9c-a3f1-cc42928b99de | 2023 |
Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by: | Decreased levels of thyrotropin in serum accompanied with normal levels of free thyroxine. | Increased levels of thyrotropin in serum accompanied by normal levels of free thyroxine. | Normal levels of thyrotropin in serum accompanied by increased levels of free thyroxine. | Biology | Normal levels of thyrotropin in serum accompanied by decreased levels of free thyroxine. | 130 | 1 | 0da6c5b3-099d-4b04-b308-e5900fa54ae1 | 2023 |
What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus? | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. | Type 1 Diabetes mellitus. | Gestational Diabetes. | Biology | Mody type Diabetes. | 131 | 2 | dce72feb-5902-4769-8607-27209b59d2aa | 2023 |
The somatotropin: | Its synthesis is stimulated by somatostatin. | It is synthesized in the neurohypophysis. | Its effects are similar to those of insulin. | Biology | Its release is pulsatile. | 132 | 3 | 4c71ecac-7253-4f20-a556-7701e78e2cfd | 2023 |
A common precursor of cortisol and aldosterone is: | Androstenedione. | 11-Deoxycortisol. | Progesterone. | Biology | Deoxycorticosterone. | 133 | 4 | 9f54f4cf-cd1a-4447-9db4-7fb28b16a8a9 | 2023 |
The free bilirubin is: | Insoluble in water, although it is eliminated in urine. | Soluble in water and eliminated in urine. | The only way to eliminate bilirubin. | Biology | Insoluble in water and not excreted in urine. | 134 | 3 | 710d50f7-b981-4d62-98f8-a07ffc052a9c | 2023 |
Which of the following tumor markers excludes the diagnosis of pure seminoma germinal tumor, unless there is a mixed component?: | Placental alkaline phosphatase. | Human chorionic gonadotropin-beta. | Alpha fetoprotein. | Biology | Lactate dehydrogenase. | 135 | 4 | 606fe027-e402-4a88-9f35-a0c8cdc2a794 | 2023 |
One of the following statements about insulin is not correct: | Stimulates the uptake of glucose by adipose tissue. | Activates glycolysis and lipolysis. | Stimulates the intracellular uptake of potassium. | Biology | Stimulates the synthesis of glycogen and proteins. | 136 | 1 | c128197d-6a85-49cb-aa08-4945892a0884 | 2023 |
Which of the following fatty acids is essential?: | Palmitoleic acid (C-16:1,Δ9). | Oleic acid (C-18:1,Δ9). | Linoleic acid (C-18:2,Δ9,12). | Biology | Arachidonic acid (C-20:4,Δ5,8,11,14). | 137 | 4 | 2f0647e7-5a8b-4be2-a55f-893c23830545 | 2023 |
The reducing power for fatty acid synthesis is provided by: | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). | Flavin mononucleotide (FMN). | Biology | Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). | 138 | 1 | b41cef1a-df13-465a-941a-7d137e8559f5 | 2023 |
One of the following markers is not for bone formation: | Bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. | Osteocalcin. | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). | Biology | Carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP). | 139 | 4 | 9873bfc0-06a0-4e73-90c6-499b927004c8 | 2023 |
Regarding the estimation of glomerular renal filtration: | Hemolysis does not interfere with its calculation. | A glomerular renal filtration >90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 is pathognomonic of kidney disease. | For its calculation using the CKD-EPI equation, it is necessary to know the body mass index. | Biology | The glomerular filtration equation based on cystatin C is more accurate in pediatric patients. | 140 | 3 | f38098db-9881-496b-88f6-2f384ef230cd | 2023 |
The presence of acanthocytes in the urine and hematite cylinders suggests the diagnosis of: | Acute tubular necrosis. | Nephrotic syndrome. | Crystalline Nephropathy. | Biology | Glomerular Hematuria. | 141 | 3 | 3413d7c9-bb2e-433d-9461-d6a99d4ab455 | 2023 |
NT-proBNP immunoassays underestimate its circulating concentration in plasma due to: | Glycosylation. | Presence of EDTA. | Interaction with troponin T. | Biology | Buffer effect. | 142 | 2 | a84e6413-5417-42e2-bd22-a81bbdc7b181 | 2023 |
Waxy cylinders in urine are most commonly observed in: | Patients with end-stage renal disease. | Patients without kidney disease. | Patients with kidney stones. | Biology | Patients with urinary tract infection. | 143 | 2 | 17626529-2e56-436a-bf90-4525792bb4e2 | 2023 |
Indicate the substance that the liver converts into urea to reduce its toxicity: | Ammonium. | Creatinine. | Purines. | Biology | Uric acid. | 144 | 2 | 9c4416f4-e6ae-4609-883e-aadb6b211bf4 | 2023 |
Of the following causes of hyperbilirubinemia, which one is described as prehepatic? | Hemolytic Anemia. | Drug overdose. | Congestive heart failure. | Biology | Hepatitis C virus infection. | 145 | 2 | 56ae1ffb-701a-459f-8df7-9f4dadbbcf7a | 2023 |
In the tumor lysis syndrome of the oncology patient, the elevation of levels of: | Adenosine deaminase. | Uric acid. | Calcium. | Biology | Monohydrate Oxalate. | 146 | 1 | 824ca84c-4e26-4522-af82-a18426ae2d5a | 2023 |
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