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The colorimetric method for protein quantification, which is based on the reaction of copper ions with the peptide bonds of proteins, is called: | Biuret Method. | Lowry Method. | Method by refractometry. | Biology | Bradford Method. | 154 | 2 | 9c1cbb32-6c97-4123-a51b-a3efa026feb3 | 2024 |
In a normal proteinogram, the region with the highest peak corresponds to the: | Alpha 2 fraction. | Alpha 1 fraction. | Beta fraction. | Biology | Albumin. | 155 | 3 | 8b755e42-5544-4f4b-a7d8-33e1e8b342bf | 2024 |
The largest amount of water in the human body is found in the: | Extracellular space. | Intracellular space. | Interstitial space. | Biology | Plasma. | 156 | 1 | c514b686-507c-47e3-9c88-f13cfa98cd7c | 2024 |
The clinical term that defines the high presence of fats in stools is called: | Amenorrhea. | Steatorrhea. | Lipiduria. | Biology | Leukorrhea. | 157 | 1 | cd9c15ab-60f1-4e6c-88c2-f36528ce6b45 | 2024 |
In relation to the oral lactose tolerance test, after administering lactose we measure the concentration of the following in the blood: | Lactose. | Lactase. | Glucose. | Biology | Galactose. | 158 | 4 | 46f1a24d-4f2e-4ba4-be4d-d44674f72127 | 2024 |
The biochemical determination of Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid is useful in the diagnosis of: | Alzheimer's Disease. | Lead poisoning. | Parkinson's Disease Type I. | Biology | Neurofibromatosis type I. | 159 | 2 | 31372030-1893-4e33-b218-6aadcb08ba75 | 2024 |
One of the following antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) is 100% specific to primary biliary cirrhosis: | AMA with anti-M2 specificity. | AMA with anti-M1 specificity. | AMA with anti-M7 specificity. | Biology | AMA with anti-M5 specificity. | 160 | 2 | 274d0f89-c5c2-491f-884a-96db344bb1e9 | 2024 |
Regarding Paget's disease, it is TRUE that: | The urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus is reduced. | Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline is usually significantly increased. | Serum concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus rarely remain normal. | Biology | The serum alkaline phosphatase increases, but it should not be used to monitor the activity of the bone synthesis phase of the disease. | 161 | 1 | 49fafdfb-8311-4f4b-87d1-57149ac2efd0 | 2024 |
Which of the following processes is a frequent cause of hypercalcemia?: | Pseudohypoparathyroidism. | Chronic kidney failure. | Primary hyperparathyroidism. | Biology | Acute pancreatitis. | 162 | 4 | bcc68303-1f92-4bab-8547-3dc343147f31 | 2024 |
Rickettsias constitute a heterogeneous group of bacilli and coccobacilli: | Gram-positive, short, small, obligate intracellular. | Gram-negative, short, small, obligate intracellular. | They do not usually cause significant pathology in humans. | Biology | Bacillus cereus is its most characteristic representative. | 163 | 1 | 56ac0106-8d80-46d9-9d41-cb8814dc167e | 2024 |
Among the pathogenicity factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the following is not found: | Capsular polysaccharides of the cell wall. | P1 Adherence Protein. | Superantigen activity. | Biology | Production of reactive oxygen species. | 164 | 2 | 65ae55ae-f05f-4d9b-acef-c71dbad0328f | 2024 |
Neurocysticercosis is a condition caused by larval forms of: | Taenia solium. | Taenia saginata. | Necator americanus. | Biology | Strongyloides stercoralis. | 165 | 2 | 56f3a336-4f7b-409c-be39-d81fb5dbd36f | 2024 |
The synergy of clavulanic acid with a third-generation cephalosporin is used to detect resistance mechanisms of the type: | Ribosomal methylases. | Carbapenemases. | AmpC type Beta-lactamases. | Biology | Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). | 166 | 3 | b1df27bb-4450-4afb-a9ec-2c40b43866bc | 2024 |
Which of the following fungi could not be diagnosed through the β-D-glucan test: | Aspergillus fumigatus. | Candida albicans. | Cryptococcus neoformans. | Biology | Pneumocystis jirovecii. | 167 | 4 | 44983d4b-2d4b-4bc2-ae0e-b9819c65972a | 2024 |
Which of the following species of the genus Streptococcus is not beta-hemolytic: | Streptococcus pyogenes. | Streptococcus agalactiae. | Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. | Biology | Streptococcus mitis. | 168 | 3 | ba1e886c-2f1a-40f2-aab4-5fb17c2739f8 | 2024 |
The tests for detecting bacterial antigens in urine samples are useful for: | The diagnosis of pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae. | The diagnosis of pharyngitis by Streptococcus pyogenes. | The diagnosis of urinary tract infection by Enterococcus faecium. | Biology | The diagnosis of meningitis by Streptococcus agalactiae. | 169 | 2 | 042db299-bc75-4942-8df2-526ae38bb095 | 2024 |
Regarding Listeria monocytogenes, it is TRUE that: | It is part of the human vaginal microbiota. | This refers to a strict anaerobic microorganism. | It is a microorganism resistant to vancomycin. | Biology | It can cause foodborne infections. | 170 | 3 | 136f12a3-6431-42c4-bc38-d6314ec97cfd | 2024 |
Which microorganism is the causal agent of anthrax? | Rickettsia conorii. | Staphylococcus aureus. | Bacillus anthracis. | Biology | Chlamydia trachomatis. | 171 | 4 | 25e27946-7eab-4e29-ba75-60c21153b0f0 | 2024 |
Of the following species of the genus Enterococcus, which is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin? | Enterococcus gallinarum. | Enterococcus faecalis. | Enterococcus avium. | Biology | Enterococcus faecium. | 172 | 2 | f1f9d7ca-fda5-433b-ba64-a0321455daa8 | 2024 |
Helicobacter pylori can be isolated through cultivation of: | Gastric biopsy. | Blood. | Sputum. | Biology | Feces. | 173 | 2 | 2a39ac64-8f4e-49a4-8df2-88758a7e9fcb | 2024 |
Which of the following bacteria is a frequent cause of food poisoning?: | Clostridium butyricum. | Clostridioides difficile. | Clostridium perfringens. | Biology | Clostridium tetani. | 174 | 4 | a96570bb-238e-4c72-9e8b-10747469e756 | 2024 |
The natural reservoir of Bordetella pertussis is: | Felids. | Canids. | Oviducts. | Biology | Human beings. | 175 | 3 | 1d601ebe-7788-402e-8a4b-ee6bcdbdd794 | 2024 |
In which culture medium do strains of Haemophilus influenzae typically grow?: | Blood agar. | Chocolate Agar. | Chapman Mannitol Agar. | Biology | MacConkey Agar. | 176 | 1 | feacc3de-8f32-4c08-902b-35b5e1e5fd79 | 2024 |
One of the main characteristics of Vibrio cholerae is: | Being a Gram-positive bacillus. | Mobility. | Do not grow in enriched culture media. | Biology | The oxidase reaction tests negative. | 177 | 1 | b3c0eae2-a4a2-45e9-a50a-dc534c1c748b | 2024 |
One of the following mechanisms of resistance to quinolones in Gram-negative bacteria is not correct: | Modification of the DNA gyrase. | Modification of the beta subunit of the RNA polymerase. | Modification of topoisomerase IV. | Biology | Modification of topoisomerase II. | 178 | 1 | 4ca7c1dc-55e0-4408-a8ef-726c1b0f910f | 2024 |
One of the following statements regarding carbapenemases is false: | They are common in Enterococcus faecium. | They can confer resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. | They are frequently located on transferable genetic elements. | Biology | They can belong to the classes of beta-lactamases A, B, or D. | 179 | 2 | d7bf1527-07d4-458a-b38f-28eb2e5ce3dc | 2024 |
Regarding typhoid fever, one of the following statements is false: | Humans are the only reservoir. | It is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. | The causative microorganism takes refuge in the bone marrow. | Biology | Around 1% of the infected individuals become chronic carriers. | 181 | 4 | e32236f8-97d6-4814-9df2-7022e537c977 | 2024 |
One of the following statements regarding Burkholderia cepacia is false: | Causes severe lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. | It is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus. | Colistin is usually the only one sensitive. | Biology | It is associated with a characteristic onion smell. | 182 | 4 | 851a4384-7084-438d-8206-92a66b9525bf | 2024 |
Which of the following species is a fast-growing mycobacterium?: | Mycobacterium genavense. | Mycobacterium kansasii. | Mycobacterium abscessus. | Biology | Mycobacterium ulcerans. | 183 | 4 | 4eb595ad-fe47-4e67-9991-4a24fbe0b6d0 | 2024 |
Which of the following antigens is detected in the non-treponemal tests used for the serological diagnosis of syphilis?: | Fibronectin. | Cardiolipin. | Phosphatidylcholine. | Biology | Sphingolipid. | 184 | 1 | a2f64dd7-a5ac-42d5-b6d1-d109f7f7d78e | 2024 |
In which of the following fungi are septate hyphae observed under the microscope: | Cryptococcus neoformans. | Blastomyces dermatitidis. | Fusarium solani. | Biology | Aspergillus niger. | 185 | 3 | e406de0b-9545-488e-9117-522e7bc965b0 | 2024 |
Which of the following features is not associated with mycoplasmas: | They have a bilayer cytoplasmic membrane. | They lack a cell wall. | They have a cytoskeleton. | Biology | They are not visible with Gram staining. | 186 | 2 | 957bcca3-a340-4517-8609-e33b95b94890 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following is not a DNA virus: | Human Immunodeficiency Virus type (HIV-2). | Smallpox virus. | Parvovirus B19. | Biology | Human papilloma virus. | 187 | 2 | 1975b021-7b7a-4717-86b0-75d6a4f80b67 | 2024 |
Indicate the CORRECT option about viral epidemiology: | Non-enveloped viruses are more fragile than those that do possess an envelope. | The HIV virus, Zika virus, and Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted sexually. | The transmission of viruses is not conditioned by geographical, sanitary, or economic factors. | Biology | The primary transmission route of the hepatitis A virus is through blood transfusions. | 188 | 1 | ff2afae5-c237-419e-aeb6-402a8df848ca | 2024 |
Which of the following statements about viruses is false: | Viral genomes can combine DNA and RNA at the same time. | They are obligate intracellular parasites. | They are capable of using the host's cellular processes to produce their components. | Biology | They are composed of nucleic acids and proteins. | 189 | 2 | d26cfe94-931e-4be9-a0c7-c5f5c2d2e2b9 | 2024 |
Regarding the dengue virus, indicate the false option: | It is transmitted through mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. | It belongs to the Flaviviridae family. | In patients who have had previous contact with this pathogen, reinfections generally produce mild or paucisymptomatic conditions. | Biology | Its distribution is worldwide, although it is more frequent in the tropics area. | 190 | 4 | 6c795093-ad74-4c6e-8215-821551f9f74b | 2024 |
Indicate the false option regarding the respiratory syncytial virus: | Its transmission occurs through the respiratory route. | It is very prevalent, almost all children have come into contact with it before the age of two. | In infants, it can cause bronchiolitis. | Biology | Natural infection prevents re-infections. | 191 | 3 | fadb959b-ba8e-4425-a33b-0acfbaaf7b25 | 2024 |
Infection with the Hepatitis A virus may result in any of the following clinical conditions, except: | Subclinical hepatitis. | Acute hepatitis. | Fulminant hepatitis. | Biology | Chronic hepatitis. | 192 | 3 | be3a1c61-0561-4275-8339-d0dc93ce78eb | 2024 |
Which of the following agents includes a step of retro-transcription in its replication cycle?: | Hepatitis B virus. | Hepatitis A virus. | Hepatitis E virus. | Biology | Hepatitis C virus. | 193 | 2 | 7bc0f60d-f1c7-4ed7-867a-a07e0ee568dd | 2024 |
Which of the following agents is a non-enveloped virus?: | Measles virus. | Influenza virus. | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). | Biology | Hepatitis E Virus. | 194 | 3 | 43b89d53-274c-4caf-ba27-8e56ffedc9eb | 2024 |
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the beginning of the infection uses the combination of receptors: | CD4 and CD8. | CD4 and CXCR4. | CD3 and CD4. | Biology | CD4 and CCR5. | 195 | 3 | 3d72247e-39dd-4971-8681-4d7332baba7d | 2024 |
The vaccine against viral mumps consists of: | The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of the mumps virus. | The fusion protein (F) of the mumps virus. | An attenuated strain of the mumps virus. | Biology | Mumps virus inactivated by formaldehyde. | 196 | 4 | 9474eadb-3eee-4f0e-9835-b2dd92f05d52 | 2024 |
The appropriate treatment for Enterobius vermicularis infection is: | Oral Paromomycin, single dose. | Intravenous artesunate every 6 hours. | Ciprofloxacin every 8 hours. | Biology | Albendazole or Mebendazole in 2 separate doses 15 days apart. | 197 | 3 | 1e43f16d-8c67-4e92-bd2d-7a82b8722f59 | 2024 |
Which of the following drugs can trigger a hyperinfestation of Strongyloides stercoralis in a previously infected patient?: | Corticosteroids. | Aspirin. | Salbutamol. | Biology | Sodium heparin. | 198 | 2 | 8c042cef-a048-45dc-8251-d91bcd47c796 | 2024 |
With which pathogen would you associate a picture of steatorrhea without blood or mucus?: | Ascaris lumbricoides. | Giardia lamblia. | Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. | Biology | Vibrio cholerae. | 199 | 1 | a59460a3-3f47-4cc2-9d09-a27bda149917 | 2024 |
What pathogen has been associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by contaminated water? | Trichiuris trichiura. | Strongyloides stercoralis. | Ancylostoma duodenalis. | Biology | Cryptosporidium parvum. | 200 | 3 | 6911e0bd-748d-4c9e-968c-a80d49c09263 | 2024 |
What is the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels called? | Mesothelium. | Endothelium. | Pseudostratified. | Biology | Urothelium. | 201 | 1 | 0d8758fa-c593-4632-b2d0-c2a2d3775158 | 2024 |
What cell types form the pulmonary alveolus? | Type II Pneumocytes. | Type I Pneumocytes. | Type I, II Pneumocytes and fixed macrophages. | Biology | Type I and II pneumocytes. | 202 | 3 | bab3f8fc-230f-4a25-bfb2-204e0f22ac10 | 2024 |
In the organ of Corti, the ciliated cells have the mission of transforming mechanical signals into electrical signals (transduction). What membranous structure is responsible for generating this process through friction and deformation of the cilia?: | Basilar membrane. | Reissner's Membrane. | Tectorial membrane. | Biology | Basal membrane. | 203 | 4 | 9a1aeb4f-4d33-4d5f-a442-ef0d104f46c6 | 2024 |
The phenotypic ratio in F2 for a cross Aa x Bb with double dominant epistasis is: | 13:3. | 12:3:1. | 9:7. | Biology | 15:1. | 204 | 3 | 72ce22d5-d84d-4079-b1dd-045a12cbd933 | 2024 |
In which cells is the class I major histocompatibility complex molecule (MHC I) expressed?: | In most nucleated cells of the organism and in the erythrocytes. | In the red blood cells. | In the cells of the immune system exclusively. | Biology | In the majority of nucleated cells of the organism. | 205 | 3 | b1e18239-129d-4ea0-b00e-b14f9d17c6a0 | 2024 |
To calculate the confidence interval or the hypothesis testing for a proportion, we will use: | The chi-square distribution. | The exponential distribution. | The normal distribution. | Biology | The Poisson distribution. | 206 | 4 | bbf39a97-0210-411b-8a5f-017055b5ada0 | 2024 |
Farber's disease (lipogranulomatosis) is due to a deficiency of: | Galactocerebrosidase. | Sphingomyelinase. | Arilsulfatase A. | Biology | Ceramidase. | 207 | 3 | 72b80098-6653-402d-87ee-89de84f4885d | 2024 |
Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regards to the mass spectrometry-gas chromatography (MS-GC) technique: | The EM-GC is considered the gold standard for the detection and quantification of volatile drugs. | It is the technique of choice for the rapid determination of drugs of abuse in urine. | It should not be used for the detection of creatinine and/or its metabolites in body fluids. | Biology | This is a technique with a high degree of reliability and low sensitivity. | 208 | 2 | 1fefc75b-df97-4ebc-aeab-56aac4b8c477 | 2024 |
Infection with Parvovirus B19 is often associated with the following clinical conditions, except: | Exanthema. | Interstitial pneumonia. | Anemia. | Biology | Joint pain and inflammation. | 209 | 1 | fba0bd1a-3ef1-42cc-8804-8a5963a6eb80 | 2024 |
What pathogen causes the sleeping sickness? | Trypanosoma brucei. | Trypanosoma cruzi. | Trichiuris trichiura. | Biology | Trichomonas vaginalis. | 210 | 2 | 4ad391dc-86c0-4a2e-ad42-82f3f86fe64d | 2024 |
In the central nervous system, the myelin that covers the axons is provided by: | The astrocytes. | Schwann cells. | The oligodendrocytes. | Biology | The microglia. | 1 | 4 | cbd1d86d-1895-4e8b-a875-ac65900839e5 | 2023 |
The size of electrotonic potentials: | It decreases exponentially with the distance from the point of generation. | It increases exponentially with the distance from the point of generation. | It does not change with the distance to the point of generation. | Biology | Changes linearly with the distance from the point of generation. | 2 | 2 | 1b0b07b0-6be9-497f-92f1-0346d494b670 | 2023 |
The flexor reflex: | It is a monosynaptic reflex. | It involves reciprocal inhibition of the homolateral extensors. | It is triggered by the Golgi tendon organ. | Biology | It occurs in response to the stretching of the muscle. | 3 | 1 | 5061f97f-4f2d-46bf-9109-ce3c7b3c5617 | 2023 |
As the depth of non-REM sleep progresses, the electroencephalographic activity becomes: | Of greater amplitude and lower frequency. | Of lesser amplitude and higher frequency. | Of smaller amplitude and lower frequency. | Biology | Of greater amplitude and higher frequency. | 4 | 2 | 35bc86c1-c32a-4864-899c-b3408effe965 | 2023 |
The sensory systems encode the intensity of a stimulus based on: | The frequency of action potentials. | The amplitude of action potentials. | The duration of action potentials. | Biology | The degree of adaptation of the receptor. | 5 | 2 | bb053229-b483-420b-acf6-597a77136774 | 2023 |
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) applied to hormonal determination: | It requires antibodies that bind to the hormone to be measured. | It uses fluorescent markers to measure hormone concentrations. | It is not quantitative. | Biology | It determines amounts of hormone whenever they are higher than 1 microgram/deciliter. | 6 | 2 | 71d78501-87a6-4582-92ad-813b72908098 | 2023 |
Which of the following hormones reaches the pituitary gland through the hypothalamic-pituitary portal vessels?: | Growth Hormone (GH). | Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). | Biology | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). | 7 | 4 | fd2387b6-34b8-4e4f-8455-63096f93c50c | 2023 |
On the mechanism of insulin secretion in the beta cells of the pancreas: | The increase of ATP closes a K+ channel. | The increase of cAMP opens a Ca2+ channel. | The increase in ATP closes a Na+ channel. | Biology | The increase in cAMP opens a K+ channel. | 8 | 2 | fd341030-0a4b-4626-ba6f-4307037e95e7 | 2023 |
The thyroid hormones: | They decrease lipolysis. | They decrease the cardiac output. | They induce an increase in body weight. | Biology | They increase the synthesis of new proteins. | 9 | 3 | 4c3bc696-79ed-4130-95a9-75d446798029 | 2023 |
Which molecule is the precursor for cortisol synthesis in the adrenal cortex?: | Testosterone. | Aldosterone. | Corticosterone. | Biology | Cholesterol. | 10 | 3 | 8f934e41-5043-4aa1-bf3a-edbe608c5edb | 2023 |
During the first phase of depolarization of the ventricular cardiac action potential: | The Ca2+ channels open. | The Na+ channels open. | The K+ channels open. | Biology | The Cl- channels open. | 11 | 1 | 02d21d93-4382-41cc-b292-5ccff2ae1b2f | 2023 |
The atrioventricular delay in the conduction system of the electrical signal in the heart: | It allows the ventricles to empty before the atria fill. | It allows the ventricles to complete their contraction before the semilunar valves open. | It is a pathological phenomenon that only occurs when abnormalities appear in the pacemakers. | Biology | It allows the atria to fully contract before the ventricles contract. | 12 | 3 | 52018a93-14c3-43af-a704-0c97fd203251 | 2023 |
Which of the following phases of the cardiac cycle begins after the closure of the semilunar valves?: | Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation. | Isovolumetric ventricular contraction. | Ventricular emptying. | Biology | Atrial filling. | 13 | 2 | 50acf99f-1cc3-4f68-9595-798596fba945 | 2023 |
The movement of fluid from the capillaries to the interstitium is called: | Absorption. | Filtration. | Diffusion. | Biology | Colloid osmotic pressure. | 14 | 1 | 0de61ad1-0e12-45e0-8435-2f6311b09817 | 2023 |
Which nerve carries information from the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus to the brainstem? | Glossopharyngeal. | Vagus. | Phrenic. | Biology | Hypoglossal. | 15 | 2 | e32b467c-c02f-40ae-83d0-9b2c7edea7e9 | 2023 |
In the menstrual cycle, the peak of luteinizing hormone (LH) promotes the: | Endometrial proliferation. | Menstruation. | Atresia of primordial follicles. | Biology | Ovulation. | 16 | 3 | b4c2af28-ed0d-4afa-846b-f9892d2d8b0d | 2023 |
Dihydrotestosterone is: | Water-soluble. | The precursor of testosterone. | An inactive catabolite of testosterone. | Biology | More potent than testosterone. | 17 | 3 | 2fc372e5-0759-4bbc-a277-8179f4f619d7 | 2023 |
The inhibin: | Stimulates the secretion of FSH. | It is an ovarian steroid. | It is secreted by the granulosa cells. | Biology | It is secreted by the Leydig cells. | 18 | 4 | 0f478ed1-9979-4810-947a-ae4c56cc3011 | 2023 |
Labor contractions decrease due to: | Prostaglandins. | Oxytocin. | Progesterone. | Biology | Cervical distension. | 19 | 4 | 354183c2-4567-4e01-ae8a-5c1b1d97dc6b | 2023 |
Breastfeeding inhibits: | The neurohypophyseal secretion of oxytocin. | The adenohypophyseal secretion of prolactin. | Galactopoiesis. | Biology | The hypothalamic secretion of dopamine. | 20 | 3 | 18d87146-e120-490c-910d-38d45770870b | 2023 |
In the regulation of intake: | Ghrelin is an anorexigenic compound. | The neuropeptide Y stimulates appetite. | The neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus act as the hunger center. | Biology | Leptin is an orexin. | 21 | 1 | 42b250c5-8374-4de2-8fd0-25db766a76fa | 2023 |
Regarding saliva: | The acini produce a primary secretion whose ionic composition is similar to that of the extracellular fluid. | Ionic concentrations remain constant regardless of the secretion flow. | The concentrations of potassium and bicarbonate are always lower than those in plasma. | Biology | Under both resting and maximum salivation conditions, sodium and chlorine are in higher concentrations than in plasma. | 22 | 2 | eb3597aa-b264-492d-a128-b5b7f6b5b990 | 2023 |
The postprandrial alkaline wave, or "alkaline tide/surge", occurs due to: | The inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the parietal or oxyntic cells. | The reabsorption of bicarbonate during the secretion of hydrochloric acid. | The action of proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, in the parietal or oxyntic cells. | Biology | The production of pepsin in the chief or peptic cells. | 23 | 1 | e9320e5d-331d-4631-94d3-3fadec1cc7cd | 2023 |
Regarding pancreatic secretion, it can be stated that: | The cholecystokinin or CCK stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate in the pancreatic ducts. | Secretin stimulates the enzymatic secretion in the pancreatic acini. | The enterokinase or intestinal enteropeptidase converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin. | Biology | Its main component is pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin. | 24 | 4 | eb2a9b7c-261b-43db-bd44-93a90b315f54 | 2023 |
The H+ dependent PepT1 transporter of the enterocytes transports: | Oligopeptides and some antibiotics. | Undigested proteins. | Polypeptides. | Biology | Free amino acids. | 25 | 2 | 9f194b10-4abf-4a21-881f-f9d212a77202 | 2023 |
The renal blood flow: | It is independent of the blood pressure. | It is inversely proportional to the hydrostatic pressure in the renal artery. | Increases after sympathetic stimulation. | Biology | It is much lower in the vasa recta compared to the renal cortex. | 26 | 3 | 9d1239ba-e5e9-4269-acf6-e2ed6fd0e408 | 2023 |
In relation to the permeability to water in the collecting duct of the nephrons, it is false that: | It is proportional to the water permeability in the Henle's loop. | It is proportional to the plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | Allows the control of the concentration/dilution of the excreted urine. | Biology | It is controlled by the regulated insertion of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) into the apical membrane of the tubular cells. | 27 | 2 | 5788724a-d1f1-4f33-945b-3b6933733dce | 2023 |
The renal excretion of a substance: | It is independent of the glomerular filtration rate. | It is equal to the rate of glomerular filtration. | It increases with the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. | Biology | It is equal to the filtered amount minus the reabsorbed amount plus the secreted amount. | 28 | 3 | 23985250-f166-4158-9f66-48822717ff33 | 2023 |
In relation to the Henle's loop of the nephrons: | The thin ascending branch is permeable to NaCl and urea, but not to water. | The thick ascending limb is permeable to NaCl, urea, and water. | The transport processes in the Henle's loop are not related to those in the collecting duct of the nephron. | Biology | The thin ascending limb is impermeable to NaCl, urea, and water. | 29 | 2 | 5db1e69e-f5b4-45a4-ae91-e32f4e3ed6f4 | 2023 |
In relation to the renal management of potassium: | The regulation of potassium secretion takes place in the proximal tubule of the nephron. | Most of the potassium filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron. | The concentration of plasma potassium is regulated by the natriuretic factor. | Biology | The regulation of potassium secretion occurs, through co-transport with sodium, in the thick ascending portion of the Henle's loop. | 30 | 1 | a1330fd2-a8c0-4e85-8969-2ae520692fc6 | 2023 |
How many oxygen molecules can be transported by each hemoglobin molecule? | 4. | 2. | 16. | Biology | 8. | 31 | 2 | b5735932-8176-4aa5-9502-bad31259d848 | 2023 |
The formula for fetal hemoglobin is: | α2ϵ2. | α2β2. | α2β2ү2. | Biology | α2ү2. | 32 | 3 | a1fa9abb-49fb-46a4-9355-2c195a12f107 | 2023 |
What is the osmolarity (mOsm/L) of a solution that contains 150 millimolar NaCl and 100 millimolar KCl? | 300. | 250. | 600. | Biology | 500. | 33 | 3 | f60f46f7-8ce4-4901-8623-e6ac5a3333f8 | 2023 |
Which coagulation pathway begins with the contact factor or factor XII? | Extrinsic pathway. | Intrinsic pathway. | Fibrinolysis. | Biology | Common pathway. | 34 | 1 | 06c4d7ae-c7a4-40d6-8bcf-39678857c112 | 2023 |
The iron released from destroyed or old red blood cells is transported by: | Hemosiderin. | Apoferritin. | Transferrin. | Biology | Ferritin. | 35 | 4 | 9b1c3c10-c753-4442-ad21-71014bff6882 | 2023 |
The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between: | The alveolar pressure and the pulmonary pressure. | The alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. | Expiratory pressure and transmural pressure. | Biology | Atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. | 36 | 1 | 0bf169c4-40df-40ce-8e16-2af67189ba83 | 2023 |
Residual volume is referred to as: | The additional volume of air that can be inhaled through a forced inspiration. | The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation. | The volume of inspiratory reserve plus the volume of expiratory reserve. | Biology | The additional volume of air that can be exhaled through a forced exhalation. | 37 | 1 | 033e51e5-6374-4993-88af-b23b072836d6 | 2023 |
The pulmonary surfactant substance is produced by: | Alveolar cells (or pneumocytes) type II. | Epithelial cells of the bronchiole. | Lymphocytes. | Biology | Alveolar macrophages. | 38 | 2 | 23758325-d798-4fae-bf9d-5d5820e5b27e | 2023 |
The carotid and aortic bodies are peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to changes in: | Blood pressure and respiratory rate. | Po2, Pco2 and pH. | Only to the changes in Po2. | Biology | Only to the changes in Pco2. | 39 | 1 | 74e72460-1524-42d3-8fa8-5fe5b2dd62ec | 2023 |
The Hering-Breuer inspiration inhibitory reflex is stimulated by: | Increase in lung volume. | Increase in heart rate. | Decrease in tidal volume. | Biology | Decrease in respiratory rate. | 40 | 2 | 840823bf-7e33-4469-b0d8-b54c95259681 | 2023 |
In humans, what layers make up the embryonic disk in the second week of development? | Epiblast and hypoblast. | Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. | Epiblast. | Biology | Ectoderm and endoderm. | 41 | 2 | ffae8542-b622-4dac-939f-10dc39a2a720 | 2023 |
In humans, which of the following structures derives from the ectoderm?: | Mammary glands. | Pancreas. | Heart. | Biology | Kidney. | 43 | 2 | ad222d79-4c41-4ad5-b11a-89beca688d02 | 2023 |
In humans, which of the following structures derives from the metencephalon? | The thalamus. | The medulla oblongata. | The cerebellum. | Biology | The pituitary gland. | 44 | 4 | 3a201644-4e0e-4e23-84e0-778151d5a7b0 | 2023 |
In humans, where does fertilization normally take place? | In the isthmus of the uterine tube. | In the ampulla of the uterine tube. | In the cervix. | Biology | In the uterus. | 45 | 1 | 943407b0-f72e-4376-bbac-b41fde6fcc72 | 2023 |
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