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In the detection of mutations in cancerous tissue aimed at targeted treatments or identification of resistances: | All known mutations for any type of cancer must be tested on any excised cancer. | It is recommended to perform targeted genetic tests on the biopsied cancerous tissue to decide the most appropriate treatment and assess prognosis. | It is recommended to perform a complete genome for every cancer patient to decide on the treatment. | Biology | It is recommended to perform a complete exome sequencing for any patient who has suffered from cancer. | 147 | 1 | 424c5032-54f2-445e-aa83-153a249b7c93 | 2023 |
The fetal DNA that circulates in the pregnant woman's plasma: | Fetal DNA only circulates in the pregnant woman when there is fetal or placental distress. | It represents all the plasmatic DNA that is extracted from maternal blood. | It is a small percentage compared to the DNA that circulates in the plasma. | Biology | It is useful only for disorders that affect the Y chromosome, to avoid confusing it with maternal DNA. | 148 | 4 | ec60d7da-359c-4d73-bb73-3408b0cbc9dd | 2023 |
In relation to the mechanisms of DNA repair damaged by mismatched pairings: | Damaged DNA is eliminated, producing chromosomal deletions. Since these do not occur in the gonads, they will not be inherited. | The base excision repair systems directly remove the damaged base and replace it in the DNA. | When DNA is damaged by a mismatched base change, cellular apoptosis is induced. | Biology | Damaged DNA is tested by producing proteins, which if they provide evolutionary advantages will be preserved. | 149 | 1 | 261dea4d-a6ff-4176-ae51-69dc9ca51e70 | 2023 |
Pharmacogenetics: | It is the genetic study aimed at designing new viral-origin drugs that can be used as vaccines. | It refers to genetically designed drugs created in laboratories for use as gene therapy drugs. | It can predict and/or explain how people respond to drugs, and is a prominent component of personalized and precision medicine. | Biology | It exclusively studies the viruses that cause cancer in order to block them before they infect humans. | 150 | 4 | 681e70e5-f3dc-498f-9315-d726ade03e7a | 2023 |
What effect will the conversion of a proline into hydroxyproline at pH 7.0 have on the overall charge of the protein? | It will become more positive. | It will become more negative. | It depends on the salt concentration. | Biology | It will remain the same. | 151 | 3 | d5ddc6cb-7163-4aaa-b782-4dfb6f852d55 | 2023 |
Which of the following structures refers to the especially stable arrangements of amino acid residues in a protein that give rise to recurring patterns? | Secondary structure. | Primary structure. | Quaternary structure. | Biology | Tertiary structure. | 152 | 2 | b09c7d3d-0dbb-4150-b26a-6f919f42bf23 | 2023 |
Which of the following statements is not true?: | Disulfide bonds are important for the structure of keratin. | Collagen is a protein in which polypeptides are primarily found in the alpha helix configuration. | Silk fibroin is a protein in which the polypeptide is almost entirely in the beta conformation. | Biology | The residues of Gly are particularly abundant in collagen. | 153 | 1 | 5500cfc3-7671-4d22-8007-608c6267db35 | 2023 |
The substitution of Glu amino acids for Val in hemoglobin S causes the aggregation of proteins due to interactions: | Disulfide bridges. | Covalent. | Hydrophobic. | Biology | Hydrogen bonds. | 154 | 4 | ce9cd3cd-2a10-4de3-a4be-7677c6c41654 | 2023 |
The Km of an enzyme for which the following experimental data are obtained and that is known to follow the Michaelis-Menten kinetics is approximately: V0 (mol/min) Added substrate (mmol/L) 217 0.8 325 2 433 4 488 6 647 500 | 2 mM. | 1 mM. | 1000 mM. | Biology | 4 mM. | 155 | 2 | 059d3f8b-dc29-4ee3-ae5a-ad43c1813154 | 2023 |
The metabolic function of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is: | Synthesize NADPH and pentose phosphates. | Synthesize ADP. | Participate in oxidation-reduction reactions during the formation of H2O. | Biology | Provide intermediates to the citric acid cycle. | 156 | 2 | 7565e536-04f4-4f3f-b277-6a38423f23c4 | 2023 |
The anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose into two moles of lactate, by glycolysis followed by fermentation, is accompanied by a net gain of: | 1 mol of ATP. | 2 moles of NADH. | 1 mol of NADH. | Biology | 2 moles of ATP. | 157 | 3 | a512ff1e-62a1-455d-8c80-c134cd44b880 | 2023 |
For which of the following glycolytic enzymes is ATP a substrate? | Pyruvate kinase. | Hexokinase. | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase. | Biology | Aldolase. | 158 | 1 | 19e3a832-4eed-4da0-b2d2-3b075611c5b9 | 2023 |
The reactions catalyzed by aminotransferases or transaminases: | They require pyridoxal phosphate as an essential cofactor. | They are irreversible reactions. | Essential amino acids never participate in these reactions. | Biology | They always have a net expenditure or production of amino acids. | 160 | 2 | ffabe46e-5c91-4515-ad75-610df72fb185 | 2023 |
Which of the following amino acids is transformed into an intermediate of the citric acid cycle through direct transamination?: | Serine. | Aspartic. | Valine. | Biology | Threonine. | 161 | 1 | 13cf6182-00eb-4e16-877d-142191db9d4f | 2023 |
Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver and transported to the rest of the extrahepatic tissues in the form of: | Lactate. | Acetoacetyl-CoA. | Beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. | Biology | Beta-hydroxybutyrate. | 162 | 3 | 45b8f21d-829c-4f27-abf0-9ada2c8df5a3 | 2023 |
Regarding bacteria of the genus Leuconostoc, it is TRUE that: | They are Gram-positive cocci resistant to glycopeptides. | They are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative cocci. | They are Gram-negative bacilli. | Biology | They are Gram-positive bacilli sensitive to glycopeptides. | 163 | 2 | 1fc40049-d223-4db4-a65d-adb8f8e7be74 | 2023 |
Indicate the CORRECT answer regarding the OXA-48 type carbapenemase in Klebsiella pneumoniae: | The OXA-48 gene is encoded in a non-movable plasmid. | OXA-48 is a Class D beta-lactamase, and bacteria carrying this carbapenemase are sensitive to ceftazidime-avibactam. | Its expression is always associated with high levels (elevated MICs) of resistance to carbapenems: imipenem and meropenem. | Biology | It is inhibited by the classic beta-lactamase inhibitors: clavulanic, sulbactam and tazobactam, and shows high sensitivity to them. | 164 | 1 | 0c2446db-974b-4cdb-9825-438f747ddcc7 | 2023 |
Which of the following microorganisms cannot be considered a strict intracellular bacterium?: | Chlamydia trachomatis. | Pseudomonas fluorescens. | Mycobacterium leprae. | Biology | Coxiella burnetii. | 165 | 1 | 5371889a-a773-41ad-91fd-e2323ad94370 | 2023 |
Indicate the incorrect answer in relation to the monkeypox virus, Human Monkeypox (hMPX): | The virus causes infections in humans by penetrating through the skin, mucous membranes, or the respiratory tract. | It is a zoonosis initially described in the 20th century, in Africa. | It can only be diagnosed in the laboratory through serological tests due to its high mutation rate. | Biology | It belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus with a double-stranded DNA genome. | 166 | 4 | f99261f9-0184-4531-88d7-fe2ee648444b | 2023 |
In relation to the VanB vancomycin resistance phenotype in Enterococcus spp., it is TRUE that: | It implies resistance to teicoplanin but not to vancomycin. | It implies resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. | It is the type of intrinsic resistance characteristic of the Enterococcus casseliflavus species. | Biology | It implies resistance to vancomycin but not to teicoplanin. | 167 | 3 | ca0ecca7-279f-4166-91cc-ad6ee3cb72a1 | 2023 |
In suspicion of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, diagnosis can be made via the detection of this microorganism's antigen in: | Respiratory secretions. | Blood. | Sputum. | Biology | Urine. | 168 | 3 | 43343b2b-f74a-48cf-b84a-5504269edbe0 | 2023 |
Indicate the incorrect association: | Streptococcus of the mitis-pharyngitis group. | Streptococcus agalactiae-neonatal infection. | Streptococcus pneumoniae-meningitis. | Biology | Streptococcus pyogenes-erysipelas. | 169 | 2 | 14f0bff0-e51d-45cd-a113-0a809792fc24 | 2023 |
Indicate the false statement regarding the microorganisms of the Chlamydia genus: | Chlamydia trachomatis is a causative agent of conjunctivitis. | They are obligate intracellular bacteria. | Chlamydia pneumoniae is a causal agent of bronchitis. | Biology | Chlamydia psittaci is the cause of lymphogranuloma venereum. | 170 | 3 | 4bbeeba4-eeca-45a4-8165-d86f6d178c06 | 2023 |
Gonorrhea is an infection: | That mainly affects the elderly around the world. | Caused by Neisseria mucosa. | Whose predominant manifestation in men is urinary tract infection. | Biology | Which proceeds asymptomatically in a high percentage of women. | 171 | 3 | 4160243e-2295-43e6-be74-6117532574b4 | 2023 |
Pontiac fever is an infection associated with exposure to bacteria of the genus: | Haemophilus. | Legionella. | Bordetella. | Biology | Moraxella. | 172 | 1 | 2d7b944d-8c44-4bfc-811b-c530640cb130 | 2023 |
The Bordet-Gengou agar is used for the selective culture of: | Haemophilus influenzae. | Pasteurella multocida. | Bordetella pertussis. | Biology | Moraxella catarrhalis. | 173 | 4 | a1bc5258-2794-41e3-a89e-6e7c8e74cf48 | 2023 |
What is the most common clinical manifestation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection? | Otitis. | Gastroenteritis. | Skin and soft tissue infection. | Biology | Sepsis. | 174 | 1 | 4c6fec17-3ffb-4a20-b8c0-f6c79800658c | 2023 |
The strains of Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (non-encapsulated): | They are the most frequent cause of Haemophilus infection currently. | They colonize the upper respiratory tract less frequently than Haemophilus influenzae type b. | They come from encapsulated strains that have lost their capsule. | Biology | They present a clonal distribution. | 175 | 2 | 4b1e601e-f5c9-442d-8e3a-091090e54850 | 2023 |
Regarding gastrointestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli: | Enteropathogenic E. coli is associated with the production of Shiga toxins. | Enterotoxigenic E. coli is a common cause of traveler's diarrhea. | Enteroinvasive E. coli is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome. | Biology | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli is a common cause of diarrhea in infants. | 176 | 1 | e1fa4046-21fe-4457-b366-cac4ad94ad88 | 2023 |
The inguinal granuloma is a sexually transmitted infection caused by: | Mycoplasma genitalium. | Chlamydia trachomatis. | Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Biology | Klebsiella granulomatis. | 177 | 3 | fa763450-898f-4d0c-bd72-dd98ca103ef5 | 2023 |
Among the Gram-negative bacilli that are often associated with pneumonia in intubated patients admitted to Intensive Care Units, the following is not found: | Aeromonas hydrophila. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | Staphylococcus aureus. | Biology | Acinetobacter baumannii. | 178 | 2 | c93c2119-77b9-4d06-80ad-8689a3937f80 | 2023 |
Regarding bacterial beta-lactamases: | They can be chromosomal or plasmidic. | They are more relevant in Gram-positive bacteria than in Gram-negative bacteria. | All are inhibited with clavulanic acid. | Biology | None hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. | 179 | 2 | 504ee483-1b1d-4b85-bb9f-d6e315580c41 | 2023 |
Regarding the production of carbapenemases in enterobacteria: | They are always resistant to monobactams. | They can confer resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. | They are usually encoded in the bacterium's chromosome. | Biology | The species that most frequently produces carbapenemases is Proteus mirabilis. | 180 | 1 | 398c2ddf-c157-4228-948a-cba9fb67c267 | 2023 |
Indicate the incorrect association regarding the microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium: | Corynebacterium urealyticum-urinary tract infection. | Corynebacterium diphtheriae-zoonosis. | Corynebacterium striatum-wound infection. | Biology | Corynebacterium jeikeium-endocarditis. | 181 | 1 | 11d1fc12-c557-457f-ba67-53dd18152465 | 2023 |
Which of the following species does not belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: | Mycobacterium genavense. | Mycobacterium microti. | Mycobacterium africanum. | Biology | Mycobacterium canettii. | 182 | 2 | 0cbe4b55-cb85-44c5-9599-5747e0740fcb | 2023 |
Which of the following serological tests for the diagnosis of syphilis uses cardiolipin as an antigen: | Passive hemagglutination of Treponema pallidum or TPHA. | Absorption of fluorescent treponemal antibodies or FTA-Abs. | Rapid Plasma Reagin test or RPR test. | Biology | Enzyme immunoassay for syphilis. | 183 | 4 | e6ab6f74-0005-4c89-8554-59b2d5469723 | 2023 |
What selective component do standard media for the cultivation of dermatophytic fungi contain? | Cycloheximide. | 10% Glucose. | Bile salts. | Biology | Itraconazole. | 184 | 2 | f1361b1a-1939-4c91-bb3a-f45b85bd966a | 2023 |
Infection by one of the following fungi is associated with prior exposure to bat feces: | Blastomyces dermatitidis. | Histoplasma capsulatum. | Scedosporium apiospermum. | Biology | Coccidioides immitis. | 185 | 1 | 3fa04ccf-dfb0-4549-9ba0-c3da0bb77077 | 2023 |
Indicate the incorrect answer regarding enteroviruses: | They are part of the family of paramyxoviruses. | They are transmitted through the fecal-oral route. | They replicate in the cytoplasm. | Biology | They are RNA viruses. | 186 | 2 | 1bc79837-ea38-42d7-bc00-a05697cf4b66 | 2023 |
Regarding rotavirus, indicate the incorrect option: | They have a double-layered capsid. | They are part of the Reoviridae family. | Hand washing is a fundamental measure to prevent its spread. | Biology | The virion does not withstand environmental conditions, so it is unlikely to cause outbreaks. | 187 | 3 | 0546a45c-e5bd-42d4-892d-98018d5650d1 | 2023 |
All are characteristics of influenza A and B viruses, except: | They transcribe and replicate their genome in the nucleus of the cell they infect. | The virion has eight unique segments of negative-sense RNA nucleocapsid. | They can be zoonotic viruses. | Biology | The segmented genome prevents its reordering in the new virions, reducing its genetic diversity. | 188 | 3 | bce29b6a-5eef-4157-beba-4e0a9b782711 | 2023 |
Which of the following answers is incorrect in regards to noroviruses? | Its genome is positive-strand RNA. | The Norwalk virus is the prototype of this family. | They are very labile and do not withstand usual environmental conditions. | Biology | Its main route of transmission is fecal-oral. | 189 | 4 | 53c0c4e7-43cb-49e1-9d50-c0329e3c944f | 2023 |
is not a characteristic of herpes viruses: | Herpes viruses can cause lytic and latent infections. | DNA replication and capsid assembly take place in the nucleus. | They require a reverse transcriptase for the replication of their genetic material. | Biology | Herpes viruses are ubiquitous. | 190 | 4 | 6474dc69-f749-47b7-a103-6c2821d13d7d | 2023 |
What is the disease most commonly caused by parvovirus B19? | Encephalitis. | Aseptic Meningitis. | Gastroenteritis. | Biology | Infectious Erythema. | 191 | 3 | 7176ebf3-13f8-4685-9151-7c664af93754 | 2023 |
In which viral agent does a step of retro-transcription occur during its replication cycle? | Hepatitis B virus. | Influenza A virus. | Measles virus. | Biology | Mumps virus. | 192 | 2 | a47025db-d9f1-4edd-9dad-d98cea0879a6 | 2023 |
The detection of the E antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBeAg) in blood means that: | It is a chronic infection and the patient is not infectious. | It is an active infection and the patient can be a transmitter. | It is an indication that the patient has been vaccinated. | Biology | It is an infection that is resolving. | 193 | 1 | 9bb57ff2-300b-40e6-b9b3-1152387bc047 | 2023 |
Which of the following is a defective RNA virus?: | Hepatitis B virus. | Hepatitis A virus. | Hepatitis D virus. | Biology | Hepatitis C virus. | 194 | 4 | d793e315-0edf-4ee1-84ae-58e13e8276b8 | 2023 |
The majority of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) cases in humans are caused by: | HIV-1 Group O. | HIV-1 Group M. | HIV-2 Group A. | Biology | HIV-1 Group P. | 195 | 1 | adfb5600-684c-4d66-b329-534c5d8ac0f2 | 2023 |
Which of the following nematodes can be found in the ocular subconjunctiva?: | Ascaris lumbricoides. | Trichiuris trichiura. | Mansonella pertans. | Biology | Loa loa. | 196 | 3 | 77c1048f-0c69-4396-8eba-f4b9b5816d6d | 2023 |
What type of clinical manifestation does Entamoeba histolytica produce? | Appendicitis. | Dysentery. | It is not pathogenic. | Biology | Rectal cancer. | 197 | 1 | 422f069e-fcb1-43ce-b5a5-7729f8bdf78e | 2023 |
Which species of Plasmodium has the shortest erythrocytic cycle? | P. knowlesi. | P. ovale. | P. malariae. | Biology | P. vivax. | 198 | 2 | 48759b04-c894-4458-b155-ddb423e7817a | 2023 |
How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted? | Vector transmission. | Sexual transmission. | Fecal-oral transmission. | Biology | Airborne transmission. | 199 | 2 | 70ec3262-f091-4df8-a80f-5503aa41f7a8 | 2023 |
Which species of Leishmania is most common in Spain?: | L. donovani. | L. infantum. | L. tropica. | Biology | L. chagasi. | 200 | 1 | a7e240bd-2cda-4105-894e-b8d4a63b771b | 2023 |
Which of the following characteristics defines the properties of biological membranes?: | They form a phospholipid bilayer that contains proteins which contribute specific functions to the membrane. | They are composed of a lipid bilayer with two hydrophilic faces and a hydrophobic core, which is impermeable to water-soluble molecules, while it allows the passage of small ions. | The lipids that compose them are always distributed randomly and do not form domains with a specific composition (lipid rafts). | Biology | Its main components (phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and sterols such as cholesterol) are distributed symmetrically on both sides of the bilayer. | 201 | 2 | 49f40c50-6744-42eb-abb4-74385aa88114 | 2023 |
The most abundant cell type in connective tissue is the: | Adipocyte. | Fibroblast. | Eosinophil. | Biology | Mast cell. | 202 | 1 | b59f5b5c-7074-47bb-8c9b-af568bdc4b00 | 2023 |
Regarding the microtubules: | The alpha tubulin hydrolyzes ATP. | The organizing center is associated with its lesser end. | The transport mediated by kinesins is GTP dependent. | Biology | The transport towards the far end depends on dyneins. | 203 | 1 | 6b3d1044-9372-4f3e-90fe-34be04b4baa8 | 2023 |
To determine whether a treatment is effective, quantitative data have been collected from a set of individuals before and after the treatment was applied. Assuming an adequately large sample size, the appropriate test we should apply is: | T-test for difference of means with unknown and different variances. | T-test for difference of means with unknown but equal variances. | Shapiro-Wilk Test. | Biology | T-test for paired samples. | 204 | 3 | 9480019b-6c4a-468c-ab61-ebdd3a3941b5 | 2023 |
What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by the IgE antibody? | Cytotoxic or type II. | Immediate or Type I. | Cellular or Type IV. | Biology | By immune complexes or type III. | 205 | 1 | af8847c1-6b06-4540-95ca-a4819d49c258 | 2023 |
Which of the following immune-based diseases is associated with an immediate or type I hypersensitivity reaction?: | Atopic bronchial asthma. | Type I Diabetes. | Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | Biology | Multiple Sclerosis. | 206 | 2 | 577d3d15-197d-4da6-877e-292e8729feda | 2023 |
When is imaging techniques for breast cancer screening recommended for young women?: | Genetic testing should be done on the entire population from birth to determine which patients are susceptible to surveillance. | It is universally recommended for all women from menarche. | Imaging techniques are not recommended for screening, it is always necessary to perform a biopsy. | Biology | It is recommended for patients who carry pathological mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2 or TP53 genes. | 207 | 3 | 293dde0f-31bf-4c8a-8a20-f0090283a7d2 | 2023 |
A serum tumor marker for thyroid cancer is: | Thyroglobulin. | Carcinoembryonic antigen. | Thyroxine. | Biology | Thyrotropin. | 208 | 2 | e9e88518-a28e-4da6-a02c-8a311a7316ba | 2023 |
The coronavirus SARS-COV-2 contains: | Single-stranded DNA. | Double-stranded DNA. | Single-stranded RNA of negative polarity. | Biology | Single-stranded RNA of positive polarity. | 209 | 3 | d894d1bc-f8be-434d-b59c-1db3603f759f | 2023 |
The main phenotypic characteristics of the Nocardia genus are: | Gram-positive bacilli, anaerobic, catalase-negative, without aerial mycelium and sensitive to lysozyme. | Gram-positive bacilli, aerobic, catalase positive, without aerial mycelium and sensitive to lysozyme. | Gram-positive bacilli, aerobic, catalase positive, without aerial mycelium and resistant to lysozyme. | Biology | Gram-positive bacilli, aerobic, catalase positive, with aerial mycelium and resistant to lysozyme. | 210 | 3 | 0df47cfc-5d79-45d9-9d44-2c942fc4bd2a | 2023 |
The resting potential of neurons is negative and close to the equilibrium potential of the potassium ion because: | In rest, the membrane is impermeable to potassium. | At rest, the membrane is more permeable to potassium than any other ion. | Potassium is able to pass through the lipids of the membrane. | Biology | In the neuronal membrane, there is no sodium-potassium pump. | 1 | 1 | 5df29c57-f03f-48ea-ae50-ec3e8a699b4f | 2022 |
Myelinated axons conduct at a higher speed than unmyelinated ones because: | They have a larger diameter. | They have a smaller diameter. | They use continuous propagation. | Biology | They use saltatory propagation. | 2 | 3 | 25a805b6-b9b2-43eb-b98d-d5cfcf1d1b7d | 2022 |
The muscle spindles: | They are stretch receptors. | They function as pressure receptors. | They are placed in series with the skeletal fibers of the muscle. | Biology | They are tension receptors. | 3 | 2 | d5f64c34-c0eb-4a7e-937f-cd422b04ffce | 2022 |
What triggers the observed habituation in Aplysia? | The decrease in the number of NMDA receptors. | Neuronal death. | The depression of synaptic transmission. | Biology | The desensitization of the receptors. | 4 | 4 | eeda9ccb-065a-4c50-b738-bea4e13282da | 2022 |
During REM sleep, the muscle tone: | It is elevated in all the muscles. | It is absent in all the muscles of the body. | It is low except in some muscles such as, for example, the ocular ones. | Biology | It is the same as in wakefulness. | 5 | 4 | 7d70b32a-df0b-4ed3-a0c2-6d68477bddf5 | 2022 |
Which of the following hormones inhibits bone formation?: | Cortisol. | Thyroid hormones. | Insulin. | Biology | Growth Hormone. | 6 | 2 | 9535ad56-5fd5-4d3b-9d17-e6a4739f684f | 2022 |
Oxytocin: | Inhibits the contraction of the uterus. | It is synthesized in the adenohypophysis. | Stimulates the ejection of milk. | Biology | Reduces the renal excretion of water. | 7 | 4 | 49e89b57-2469-4dc9-bb8c-6fbd3e08bc8c | 2022 |
Which of these factors stimulates the secretion of growth hormone?: | Aging. | Increase in blood sugar levels. | Obesity. | Biology | Physical exercise. | 8 | 3 | fb3933a8-4fd0-4d47-a993-215f960e0d60 | 2022 |
Insulin: | The concentration of amino acids in the blood increases. | Decreases the formation of glycogen. | It is hyperglycemic. | Biology | Increases the uptake of glucose in the muscle. | 9 | 3 | 57dc9d77-d5e3-47fe-b42f-f1a248ed9fd8 | 2022 |
On the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones: | An intracellular receptor is first activated. | The adenylate cyclase is activated. | There is an increase in IP3. | Biology | The second messenger involved is the cGMP. | 10 | 2 | 791b4098-3496-41a5-bfaf-ec4c4be0b4ed | 2022 |
The volume of blood that the heart pumps to the aorta every minute, is called: | Residual volume. | Systolic volume. | Diastolic volume. | Biology | Cardiac output. | 11 | 3 | 7004ea93-0d81-4767-90a0-db72c34dfb17 | 2022 |
The dicrotic notch or dicrotic incisure in the aortic pressure wave is caused by: | Rapid filling of the left ventricle. | Closure of the mitral valve. | Closure of the aortic valve. | Biology | Closure of the tricuspid valve. | 12 | 4 | b6a4e790-28b8-49b3-aa97-ac0e884d89e6 | 2022 |
The mean arterial pressure can be estimated by adding one third of the differential pressure to the pressure: | Diastolic. | Systolic. | Middle artery. | Biology | From pulse. | 13 | 2 | 5d2ac477-415b-4223-9f13-2a764d9584a3 | 2022 |
In the circulatory system, the greatest total cross-sectional area is found in: | The capillaries. | The conducting arteries. | The arterioles and metarterioles. | Biology | The veins. | 14 | 2 | d7aab840-77b3-4c5d-a60b-814e76a09beb | 2022 |
The baroreceptor reflex: | Allows for correction of changes in blood pressure. | It is an auricular reflex. | It is activated by stretching the receptors located in the venoatrial junctions. | Biology | It is activated by an increase in blood volume. | 15 | 2 | 1e4e646d-be45-4c51-bf6b-e29bc3da51ba | 2022 |
Inhibits the secretion of FSH: | The pulsatile release of GnRH. | Activin. | The low levels of progesterone. | Biology | The inhibin. | 16 | 3 | de6ba3b8-2047-4ce3-833d-2f4e9a773b91 | 2022 |
The estrogens: | They reduce the body metabolism. | They stimulate mammary development. | They induce osteoporosis. | Biology | They inhibit protein synthesis. | 17 | 1 | 610f4fe2-a5ce-4ab1-ba81-fc3bf43976f6 | 2022 |
Human chorionic somatotropin: | It regulates the metabolism of the mother and the fetus. | It is antagonistic to the growth hormone. | It is also called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). | Biology | Inhibits mammary development. | 18 | 2 | 67740605-277b-4ad9-861f-d91d08053b41 | 2022 |
The emission phase of semen is primarily regulated by: | Parasympathetic nervous system. | Sympathetic nervous system. | Testosterone. | Biology | Somatic nervous system. | 19 | 1 | 04a47d30-fa24-4cb9-89f8-ddce9f408ab5 | 2022 |
The blood-testis barrier is formed by: | Sertoli Cells. | Leydig Cells. | Testicular capillaries. | Biology | Epididymal cells. | 20 | 2 | 9cff639f-deb8-4355-b66d-f39e101426a1 | 2022 |
Regarding defecation: | The external anal sphincter is made up of smooth muscle and is involuntary in nature. | The internal anal sphincter is controlled by the pudendal nerve under voluntary control. | It involves the simultaneous contraction of the two anal sphincters, the internal and the external. | Biology | The relaxation or contraction of the external anal sphincter is controlled voluntarily. | 21 | 3 | 661d6108-2ef7-4d4e-becb-043409650fe1 | 2022 |
We can affirm that about gastrointestinal motility: | At the level of the stomach, antra or sacculations form. | The submucosal plexus or Meissner's plexus is responsible for controlling gastrointestinal movements. | The parasympathetic nervous system reduces or inhibits the contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle. | Biology | The complex migratory motor events occur every 90-120 minutes from the stomach to the ileum when much of a meal has been absorbed. | 22 | 3 | 29ebf191-9a8b-4621-8dbe-b1020f6d694a | 2022 |
Regarding salivary secretion: | Parasympathetic stimulation promotes its secretion. | Its production significantly increases during a stress situation. | The sublingual glands secrete a watery (serous) secretion rich in salivary amylase. | Biology | The parotid glands produce a secretion rich in mucus. | 23 | 2 | cce86f4a-7305-4b94-949b-ec6e84c7a692 | 2022 |
In intestinal absorption, which of the following nutrients moves through the apical membrane by facilitated diffusion with the GLUT5 transporter?: | Fructose. | Glucose. | Galactose. | Biology | Amino acids. | 24 | 2 | d1e3d988-b85b-410d-ab2f-af313f40d62e | 2022 |
They are fat-soluble vitamins: | Vitamins group B, A and K. | All of group B. | Vitamins A, D, E and K. | Biology | Vitamins group B and C. | 25 | 4 | 13900368-6dc2-40a9-a5fb-0b05093d44a2 | 2022 |
In relation to the renal management of sodium, it is false that: | Glomerular filtration of sodium is favored by the lower resistance in the afferent arteriole than in the efferent arteriole. | The increase in colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerulus of the nephron favors the filtration of sodium. | Aldosterone regulates the plasma concentration of sodium by acting at the level of the distal and collecting tubule. | Biology | The highest percentage of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron. | 26 | 1 | fd0b602b-f278-475e-9374-190743e0a508 | 2022 |
In relation to the maximum transport (or maximum tubular) of substances in the kidney: | The maximum transport capacity of all nephrons is identical. | Glucose is the only substance handled by the kidney without maximum transport. | The maximum transport capacity for a certain substance is very close to that of its glomerular filtration rate. | Biology | The renal transport systems of substances with active reabsorption or secretion become saturated. | 27 | 3 | 79479056-58c1-4fcd-b82f-280e6134bc6a | 2022 |
On the physiological mechanism of urine concentration: | The tubular fluid is diluted in the ascending portion of the Henle's loop. | The tubular fluid is concentrated in the proximal tubule. | The tubular fluid can reach twice the value of the osmolar concentration of the renal medulla. | Biology | The tubular fluid concentrates in the ascending portion of the Henle's loop. | 28 | 2 | 5ccd1454-62fc-40a3-98e2-db20d92be590 | 2022 |
On the renal regulation of ionic concentration in the extracellular environment: | Angiotensin II stimulates the reabsorption of sodium along the segments of the nephron. | The plasma concentration of sodium is maintained regardless of the activity of aldosterone. | The plasma concentration of sodium is increased by the action of atrial natriuretic peptide. | Biology | The plasma concentration of sodium is maintained regardless of the activity of the antidiuretic hormone. | 30 | 2 | 8ee47370-f64d-4b3d-b87f-01692c0f2416 | 2022 |
What modification in the following pressures occurs during most of the inspiration time? | Negativization of alveolar pressure. | Positive intensification of thoracic pressure. | Stabilization of alveolar pressure. | Biology | Positivization of the intrapleural pressure. | 31 | 2 | ebb33f70-4db6-4c87-b789-10b47ce8f558 | 2022 |
Which of the following substances produces a decrease in air flow resistance due to its action on the bronchial smooth muscle?: | Adrenaline. | Acetylcholine. | Leukotrienes. | Biology | Histamine. | 32 | 2 | 18ecefd3-cf23-4453-a1e9-70a0d365abad | 2022 |
A vasoconstrictor response can be observed in the blood vessels adjacent to the pulmonary alveoli in response to the decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in: | The systemic arterial plasma. | The pulmonary arterial plasma. | Alveolar air. | Biology | The cerebrospinal fluid. | 33 | 4 | 5b04c71e-5966-4960-bc68-209deb76d50f | 2022 |
What effect would a decrease in plasma pH combined with an increase in body temperature have on the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin? | It would reduce the Bohr effect. | The saturation of oxygen in hemoglobin would increase. | The effects that pH and temperature exert on hemoglobin are compensated. | Biology | The release of oxygen by hemoglobin would be facilitated. | 34 | 3 | ce6af26f-43ea-4ac4-8eaa-5d1bfc25c50e | 2022 |
What is the predominant form of carbon dioxide transport in the blood? | Dissolved in the blood plasma. | Bound to albumin and globulins. | Bound to intracellular proteins. | Biology | In the form of bicarbonate ion. | 35 | 3 | d6ed49ef-565b-4442-9563-e9fe445fdd12 | 2022 |
The main function of vitamin B12 and folic acid in erythropoiesis is: | Formation of thymidine triphosphate. | Porphyrin production. | Stimulate the formation of erythroid progenitors. | Biology | Diapedesis of reticulocytes. | 36 | 2 | 0a891fe5-4863-445d-a97b-c7e131b7f542 | 2022 |
The iron absorbed from the intestine is transported in the blood by: | Hemosiderin. | Apoferritin. | Transferrin. | Biology | Ferritin. | 37 | 4 | c918c362-5b82-417f-91d6-1323928d4afb | 2022 |
What is the osmolarity (mOsm/L) of a solution containing 100 millimolar NaCl and 50 millimolar KCl? | 150. | 300. | 600. | Biology | 250. | 38 | 1 | 3e98700c-de71-4ee2-a2df-85d41967baa8 | 2022 |
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