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translation |
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{
"en": "The Lineage of Shinto",
"ja": "神道系"
} |
{
"en": "Oki-no-shima Island: Even men must purify themselves by abstaining from eating meat at the time of entry.",
"ja": "沖ノ島-男性でも上陸時に精進潔斎が必要。"
} |
{
"en": "Tanabu Matsuri Festival (Mutsu City Aomori Prefecture): In recent years women have been permitted to pull floats, but basically it adopts nyonin kinsei so that women are not permitted to ride on floats.",
"ja": "田名部まつり（青森県むつ市）-近年、女性がヤマを曳くことは許されているが、基本的には女人禁制であり、ヤマに乗ることは許されていない。"
} |
{
"en": "Kanto poles (Akita City)",
"ja": "竿燈（秋田市）"
} |
{
"en": "Yamahoko floats in the Gion Matsuri Festival (Kyoto City): There are women's Hayashi-kata in some Yamahoko floats, but nyonin kinsei is adopted in regard to Naginata-boko, the first float of the parade.",
"ja": "祇園祭（京都市）の山鉾-一部の山鉾には女性の囃子方がいるが、巡行の先頭に立つ長刀鉾などは女人禁制である。"
} |
{
"en": "Hakata Gion Yamakasa (Fukuoka Prefecture): There are cases in which girls of elementary school age or younger can participate while wearing the same costume of Shimekomi as men.",
"ja": "博多祇園山笠（福岡県）-但し小学生以下の少女は男性同様の扮装（締め込み）で参加可能な場合有り。"
} |
{
"en": "Kishiwada Danjiri Matsuri Festival: Women are permitted to pull Danjiri floats but are not permitted to ride on them.",
"ja": "岸和田だんじり祭-女性がだんじりを曳くことは許されているが、だんじりに乗ることはできない。"
} |
{
"en": "Mine (Yamashi): In recent coal pit operations the custom has been abolished and women have come to work in the pits.",
"ja": "鉱山（山師）-近代の炭鉱では、慣習が途絶え、女性も坑内作業に従事するようになる。"
} |
{
"en": "In the tunnel under construction (Yamashi): Currently, female technicians are able to work without problems.",
"ja": "工事中のトンネル内（山師）-現在は女性技術者もおり、問題となることはない。"
} |
{
"en": "Sake breweries (toji, or chief sake brewer): Currently, there are female toji.",
"ja": "酒蔵（杜氏）-現在は女性杜氏もいる。"
} |
{
"en": "The dohyo (sumo ring) in a grand sumo (wrestling) tournament is the subject of discussion, but it remains as it has.",
"ja": "大相撲の土俵（力士）-現在でも継続されており議論されている。"
} |
{
"en": "Kabuki: Although the founder of kabuki was regarded as a woman, nyonin kinsei has been implemented because of the problems of morality such as the appearance of groups which played kabuki and provided prostitution, giving rise to 'Yaro Kabuki,' which persists in the present day.",
"ja": "歌舞伎-歌舞伎の創始者とされているのは女性であるが、各地で歌舞伎劇と売春を兼ねる集団が出現するなど風紀上の問題から、女人禁制となり、現在に連なる男性のみの「野郎歌舞伎」となった。"
} |
{
"en": "Japanese lyrical Noh drama: The participation of Noh actresses in the Nohgaku Performers' Association was admitted in 1948.",
"ja": "能-能楽協会への女性能楽師の加入は1948年に認められた。"
} |
{
"en": "Women's participation in the Association for Japanese Noh Plays (general accreditation of important intangible cultural heritage) was admitted in 2004.",
"ja": "日本能楽会（重要無形文化財総合認定）への加入は2004年に認められた。"
} |
{
"en": "Mt. Athos: The site of a monastery of the Orthodox Church, it prohibits the bringing in of female livestock.",
"ja": "アトス山-正教会の修道院が置かれる、家畜でもメスの持ち込みは禁止。"
} |
{
"en": "However, cats are accepted.",
"ja": "ただしネコを除く。"
} |
{
"en": "The Olympic stadium of ancient Greece: Only married women were prohibited from watching the games.",
"ja": "古代ギリシャのオリンピア競技場-既婚の女性のみ観戦禁止。"
} |
{
"en": "Unmarried women could not participate in games but could watch them.",
"ja": "未婚女性は出場はできないが観戦は可。"
} |
{
"en": "Holy of holies of the Freemasons: The qualification for membership is limited to literate adult men who have no physical defects.",
"ja": "フリーメイソンの至聖所-会員資格も五体満足で文盲でない成人男子に限定されている。"
} |
{
"en": "Membership golf clubs (which limit member qualification and facilities rights exclusively to men): Many golf clubs of long standing, such as St. Andrews, Augusta National Golf Club and Koganei Country Club, allow only men to participate.",
"ja": "会員制ゴルフ場（会員資格や施設使用権等を男性に限定しているゴルフクラブ）-セント・アンドリュース、オーガスタナショナルGC、小金井カントリー倶楽部などの歴史の古いゴルフ場が多い。"
} |
{
"en": "Juichimen Kannon (ekadaza mukha in Sanskrit) is one of the venerable entities of Bosatsu, which is worshipped in Buddhism.",
"ja": "十一面観音（じゅういちめんかんのん）、サンスクリットエーカダシャ・ムカ(ekadazamukha)は、仏教の信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。"
} |
{
"en": "The Sanskrit name means 'eleven faces.'",
"ja": "梵名は文字通り「11の顔」の意である。"
} |
{
"en": "It is one of the transformed bodies of Kannon Bodhisattva (Kannon Bosatsu) and is one of the Roku Kannon (Six Kannons).",
"ja": "観音菩薩の変化身（へんげしん）の一つであり、六観音の一つでもある。"
} |
{
"en": "As the features were explained in 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra' translated by Genjo, it is a Bosatsu having 11 faces on the head except for a face on the main body.",
"ja": "玄奘訳の「十一面神咒心経」にその像容が明らかにされているとおり、本体の顔以外に頭上に11の顔を持つ菩薩である。"
} |
{
"en": "The sanmayagyo (symbol) is a suihei, a small water bottle, and a glowing lotus.",
"ja": "三昧耶形は水瓶、開蓮華。"
} |
{
"en": "Shushi (Mikkyo, Esoteric Buddhism) (Shuji) is ka and hriiH.",
"ja": "種子(密教)（種字）はキャ(ka)、キリーク(hriiH)。"
} |
{
"en": "It is also called Daikofusho Kannon, and it is said that the 10 faces on the front, back, left and right among the 11 faces on the head show Jicchi (ten stages) while the topmost Butsumen (the head of a Buddha) shows Buddhahood, or nirvana.",
"ja": "大光普照（だいこうふしょう）観音とも呼ばれ、頭上の11面のうち、前後左右の10面は菩薩修行の階位である十地を表し、最上部の仏面は仏果を表すとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "It is said that this shows the pious act of cutting away 11 kinds of ignorance and the earthly desires (無明煩悩) of living things, and to open Buddhahood.",
"ja": "これは衆生の十一品類の無明煩悩を断ち、仏果を開かしめる功徳を表すとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "It is also called Daihi Sendai because it has a vow as 'I do not stop without relieving people (救わで止まんじ).'",
"ja": "「救わで止まんじ」の誓願を持つがゆえに、大悲闡提とも呼ばれる。"
} |
{
"en": "As a role of Roku Kannon, it civilizes (摂化) living things in Ashura-do (the Asura realm).",
"ja": "六観音の役割では、阿修羅道の衆生を摂化するという。"
} |
{
"en": "In Japanese it has various names such as 'Juichimen Kannon Bosatsu' and 'Juichimen Kanzeon Bosatsu,' but the name assigned as a national treasure or important cultural property is 'Juichimen Kannon.'",
"ja": "日本語では「十一面観音菩薩」、「十一面観世音菩薩」などさまざまな呼び方があるが、国宝、重要文化財等の指定名称は「十一面観音」となっている。"
} |
{
"en": "It seems to be a venerable status (尊格) that originated in India, but there is no distinguished work in India; however, its statues were produced eagerly in China and Japan through the dissemination of 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra' translated by Genjo in Tang.",
"ja": "もともとはインド起源の尊格と思われるが、インドにおける作例は顕著なものがなく、唐の玄奘訳の「十一面神咒心経」が流布したことにより、中国および日本でさかんに造像された。"
} |
{
"en": "In Japan, the statues of Juichimen Kannon were produced and worshipped eagerly since the Nara period, and the statue of Juichimen Kannon in the wall paintingof Horyu-ji Temple Kondo (法隆寺金堂) (which was damaged by a fire in 1949) seems to be the oldest work.",
"ja": "日本では、奈良時代から十一面観音の造像・信仰はさかんに行われ、法隆寺金堂壁画（1949年の火災で焼損）中の十一面観音像が最古の作例と見なされる。"
} |
{
"en": "The other works from the Nara period are the statue of Shorin-ji Temple in Nara (a national treasure, coming from Daigorin-ji Temple (Omiwa-tera Temple), which is a jingu-ji temple (a temple associated with a shrine) in Omiwa-jinja Shrine) and the statue of Kannon-ji Temple in Kyoto (a national treasure), the statue of Yakushi-ji Temple in Nara (an important cultural property) and so on.",
"ja": "奈良時代の作例としては他に奈良・聖林寺像（国宝。大神神社の神宮寺の大御輪寺伝来）京都・観音寺像（国宝）、奈良・薬師寺像（重文）などがある。"
} |
{
"en": "The principal image of Buddha of Nigatsu-do in Todai-ji Temple is also Juichimen Kannon, but its feature is not clear because it is a Buddhist image that has infrequently been shown to the public since ancient times.",
"ja": "東大寺二月堂の本尊も十一面観音であるが、古来厳重な秘仏であるため、その像容は明らかでない。"
} |
{
"en": "Omizutori,' an annual event of that temple, is the event for the confession of sins to Juichimen Kannon (Juichimen Keka Hoyo).",
"ja": "同寺の年中行事である「お水取り」は、十一面観音に罪障の懺悔をする行事（十一面悔過法要）である。"
} |
{
"en": "Additionally, according to folklore, Taicho, a priest of Shugen-do (an ancient Japanese religion) in the Nara Period, had practiced asceticism while praying Juichimen Kannon since childhood, opened Hakusan, which is famous as Reijo (sacred ground) and succeeded in placing (感得) Myori Gongen, which had Juichimen Kannon as its honji (substance).",
"ja": "また伝承では、奈良時代の修験道僧である泰澄は、幼少より十一面観音を念じて苦修練行に励み、霊場として名高い白山を開山、十一面観音を本地とする妙理権現を感得した。"
} |
{
"en": "After the Heian period, Shuei, who learned the ways of both the Shingon and Tendai sects, moved this Myori Gongen to Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple, which is one of the Sanno Shichisha (Seven Sanno Shrines) as Kyakujin Gongen (an enshrined diety to pray for the increase of customers in merchant families).",
"ja": "平安時代以降、真言宗・天台宗の両教を修めた宗叡は、この妙理権現を比叡山延暦寺に遷座し、客人権現として山王七社の一つに数えられている。"
} |
{
"en": "Juichimen Kannon is seen as a Bosatsu that performed the pious act of removing all hardships from living things due to its deep mercy, so that many statues had been produced in figures such as that of a goddess.",
"ja": "十一面観音はその深い慈悲により衆生から一切の苦しみを抜き去る功徳を施す菩薩であるとされ、女神のような容姿に造られたものが多い。"
} |
{
"en": "Many statues of Juichimen Kannon put Kebutsu (the artificial Buddha) on the front top of the head and put faces of emotions such as Butsumen, Bosatsumen (Bodhisattva heads), Shinnumen (three angry faces), Kugejoshutsumen (plain faces with fangs) and Daishomen (a laughing face) on the head while letting the right hand hang down, and having in the left hand a vase in which there is a lotus.",
"ja": "多くの十一面観音像は頭部正面に、阿弥陀如来の化仏（けぶつ）をいだき、頭上には仏面、菩薩面、瞋怒面（しんぬめん）、狗牙上出面（くげじょうしゅつめん）、大笑面など、人間の喜怒哀楽を表現した面を乗せ、右手を垂下し、左手には蓮華を生けた花瓶を持っている姿であることが多い。"
} |
{
"en": "This is based on 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra,' translated by Genjo.",
"ja": "この像容は玄奘訳の「十一面神咒心経」に基づくものである。"
} |
{
"en": "Shinnumen is an expression of anger with the arching of the eyebrows and a downturned mouth; Kugejoshutsumen is an expression in which a canine tooth is bared between pressed lips, and Daishomen is an expression of a smile, more specifically a big grin.",
"ja": "瞋怒面は眉を吊り上げ、口を「へ」の字に結んで怒りの表情を表したもの、狗牙上出面は結んだ唇の間から牙を現わすもの、大笑面は大口を開けて笑う表情を表したものである。"
} |
{
"en": "Usually, Butsumen is put atop the head, Bosatsumen (three faces) at the front side on the head, Shinnumen (three faces) on the left side (on the observers' right), Kugejoshutsumen (three faces) on the right side (on the observers' left) and Daishomen (one face) on the back which can not be seen from observers.",
"ja": "通例、頭頂に仏面、頭上の正面側に菩薩面（3面）、左側（向かって右）に瞋怒面（3面）、右側（向かって左）に狗牙上出面（3面）、拝観者からは見えない背面に大笑面（1面）を表わす。"
} |
{
"en": "According to 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra,' the right hand which is hanging down has a beadroll and the left hand holds a vase with a red lotus in it.",
"ja": "「十一面神咒心経」によれば、右手は垂下して数珠を持ち、左手には紅蓮を挿した花瓶を持つこととされている。"
} |
{
"en": "However, in the case of statue, beadroll in the right hand is often omitted or lost.",
"ja": "ただし、彫像の場合は右手の数珠が省略ないし亡失したものが多い。"
} |
{
"en": "On the other hand, the statue of Juichimen Kannon as a principle image of Buddha in Hase-dera Temple (真言宗豊山派総本山長谷寺), the grand head temple of the Shingon sect Buzan-ha, has as is customary a lotus in a vase in the left hand, but it is the greatest characteristic that it has a big shakujo (pewter staff) and stands upon a rock.",
"ja": "一方、真言宗豊山派総本山長谷寺本尊の十一面観音像は、左手には通常通り蓮華を生けた花瓶を持っているが、右手には大錫杖を持ち、岩の上に立っているのが最大の特徴である。"
} |
{
"en": "The statues of Juichimen Kannon that are placed in many Buzan-ha temples show these features, and consequently they are called 'Juichimen Kannon of the Hase-dera style.'",
"ja": "豊山派の多くの寺院に安置された十一面観音像はこの像容となっているため、通常の十一面観音像と区別して「長谷寺式十一面観音」と呼ばれる。"
} |
{
"en": "In the pure esoterica that was transmitted by Kukai, the statues with four arms were produced based on the sutra translated by Fuku, but the statues with two arms were predominant in Japan.",
"ja": "空海によって伝えられた正純密教では、不空の訳経に基づく四臂像も造像されたが、日本における作例は二臂像が圧倒的に多い。"
} |
{
"en": "Vajradhatu: On Rokeijinbara Kiriku",
"ja": "金剛界 オン・ロケイジンバラ・キリク"
} |
{
"en": "Garbhadhatu: On Makakyaronikya Sowaka",
"ja": "胎蔵界 オン・マカキャロニキャ・ソワカ"
} |
{
"en": "On Daradara Jirijiri Dorodoro Ichibachi Sharei Shareiharasharei Harasharei Kusomei Kusomabarei Irimiri Shirishichi Jaramahanaya Haramashuda Sataba Makakyaronika Sowaka",
"ja": "オン・ダラダラ・ジリジリ・ドロドロ・イチバチ・シャレイ・シャレイハラシャレイ・ハラシャレイ・クソメイ・クソマバレイ・イリミリ・シリシチ・ジャラマハナヤ・ハラマシュダ・サタバ・マカキャロニキャ・ソワカ"
} |
{
"en": "In the Nara period",
"ja": "奈良時代"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Shorin-ji Temple in Nara (a national treasure)",
"ja": "奈良・聖林寺像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Kannon-ji Temple in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto (a national treasure)",
"ja": "京都・観音寺(京田辺市)像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Mie-ji Temple in Gifu (an important cultural property)",
"ja": "岐阜・美江寺像（重文）"
} |
{
"en": "In the Heian period",
"ja": "平安時代"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Haga-ji Temple in Fukui (an important cultural property)",
"ja": "福井・羽賀寺像（重文）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Kogen-ji Temple (Dogan-ji Temple) in Shiga (a national treasure)",
"ja": "滋賀・向源寺（渡岸寺）像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Rakuya-ji Temple in Shiga (an important cultural property, seated statue)",
"ja": "滋賀・櫟野寺像（重文、坐像）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple in Kyoto (a national treasure)",
"ja": "京都・六波羅蜜寺像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Domyo-ji Temple in Fujiidera City, Osaka (a national treasure)",
"ja": "大阪・道明寺(藤井寺市)像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Nakayama-dera Temple in Takarazuka City, Hyogo (an important cultural property)",
"ja": "兵庫・中山寺(宝塚市)像（重文）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Hokke-ji Temple in Nara (a national treasure)",
"ja": "奈良・法華寺像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Murou-ji Temple in Nara (a national treasure)",
"ja": "奈良・室生寺像（国宝）"
} |
{
"en": "After the Kamakura period",
"ja": "鎌倉時代以降"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Hoshaku-ji Temple in Kyoto (an important cultural property)",
"ja": "京都・宝積寺像（重文）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Hokongo-in Temple in Kyoto (an important cultural property, seated statue)",
"ja": "京都・法金剛院像（重文、坐像）"
} |
{
"en": "The statue of Hase-dera Temple in Nara (an important cultural property)",
"ja": "奈良・長谷寺像（重文）"
} |
{
"en": "Pictures",
"ja": "絵画"
} |
{
"en": "The book in Nara National Museum (a national treasure, from the Heian period)",
"ja": "奈良国立博物館本（国宝、平安時代）"
} |
{
"en": "Jizo Bosatsu (d kSiti gharbha in Sanskrit) is one of the venerable entities of Bosatsu, which is worshipped in Buddhism.",
"ja": "地蔵菩薩（じぞうぼさつ）、サンスクリットクシティ・ガルバ(dkSitigharbha)は、仏教の信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。"
} |
{
"en": "d kSiti' means 'the earth' and 'gharbha' means 'in the womb' or 'womb,' but it is freely translated into 'Jizo.'",
"ja": "クシティは「大地」、ガルバは「胎内」「子宮」の意味で、意訳して「地蔵」と言う。"
} |
{
"en": "It is also translated into Jiji, Myodo and Muhenshin.",
"ja": "また持地、妙憧、無辺心とも訳される。"
} |
{
"en": "The sanmayagyo (symbols) are Nyoi-hoju (a sacred jewel that is said to remove suffering and be capable of granting every wish), Doban (a kind of sublime article, a rod with a streamer on the top) and Shakujo (a pewter staff).",
"ja": "三昧耶形は如意宝珠と幢幡（竿の先に吹き流しを付けた荘厳具）、錫杖。"
} |
{
"en": "Shushi (Mikkyo, Esoteric Buddhism) (Shuji) is ha.",
"ja": "種子(密教)（種字）はカ(ha)。"
} |
{
"en": "It is named after the belief that it enwraps troubled people with its immeasurably great mercy and saves them, such that the earth has the power to cultivate all lives.",
"ja": "大地が全ての命を育む力を蔵するように、苦悩の人々をその無限の大慈悲の心で包みこみ、救う所から名付けられたとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "It is generally believed to be 'a protective deity of children' so that the sweets that children love are often offered on the altar.",
"ja": "一般的には「子供の守り神」として信じられており、よく子供がよろこぶお菓子が供えられている。"
} |
{
"en": "Generally, it is affectionately called 'Ojizo-san' or 'Ojizo-sama.'",
"ja": "一般的に、親しみをこめて「お地蔵さん」、「お地蔵様」と呼ばれる。"
} |
{
"en": "It is considered that it follows Shaka-muni Buddha in the Touriten (Trayastrimsa heaven) and senses the capability of living things each morning in Dhyana (meditation), and that it is a Bosatsu that relieves living things who live in the wheel of life of Rikudo (the six realms of Jigoku-do (Naraka realm, or hell realm) (地獄道), Gaki-do (Preta realm, or hungry ghost realm), (餓鬼道), Chikusho-do (Animal realm) (畜生道), Shura-do (Ashura realm, or realm of demigods) (修羅道), Jin-do (Human realm) (人道) and Ten-do (Deva realm, or realm or blissful state) (天道), while there exists no Buddha in this world after Shaka entered nirvana and before Miroku Bosatsu (Maitreya Bodhisattva) appears, 5670 million years later.",
"ja": "とう利天に在って釈迦仏の付属を受け、毎朝禅定に入りて衆生の機根(性格や教えを聞ける器）を感じ、釈迦の入滅後、56億7000万年後に弥勒菩薩が出現するまでの間、現世に仏が不在となってしまうため、その間、六道（地獄道・餓鬼道・畜生道・修羅道・人道・天道）を輪廻する衆生を救う菩薩であるとされる。"
} |
{
"en": "Many statues are generally expressed in the figure of a shaven Shomon or Bikuni (figures of priests or priestesses) putting on robes with Nyoi-hoju in the left hand and Shakujo in the right hand or with Nyoi-hoju in the left hand and Yogan-in figurative gestures (wish-granting mudra, showing the palm and hanging down) in the right hand.",
"ja": "一般には剃髪した声聞・比丘形（僧侶の姿）で袈裟をまとい、左手に如意宝珠、右手に錫杖を持つ形、または左手に如意宝珠を持ち、右手は与願印（掌をこちらに向け、下へ垂らす）の印相をとる像が多い。"
} |
{
"en": "However, in Mikkyo it is expressed in the normal figure that piles its hair high and wears accessory as a principal image of Garbha-mandala Jizo-in; it has Nichirin (日輪) in front of the right-side breast in the right hand and has a lotus that bears Doban while placing the left hand on the left hip.",
"ja": "しかし、密教では胎蔵曼荼羅地蔵院の主尊として、髪を高く結い上げ装身具を身に着けた通常の菩薩形に表され、右手は右胸の前で日輪を持ち、左手は左腰に当てて幢幡を乗せた蓮華を持つ。"
} |
{
"en": "The benefits of Jizo Bosatsu Hongan Kudoku-kyo sutra are as follows:",
"ja": "地蔵菩薩本願功徳経に説かれるご利益は以下の通りである。"
} |
{
"en": "Twenty-eight benefits",
"ja": "二十八種利益"
} |
{
"en": "1. The Tenryu (protective deities) will guard and defend thee; 2. the fruits of goodness and virtue will shine increasingly on thee; 3. the wisdom of the sages shall accumulate within thee; 4. no retreat along the Bodhi path will be suffered by thee; 5. food, drink and clothing will not be lacking for thee; 6. disease and illness will not harm thee; 7. calamities of fire and water will not hurt thee; 8. thieves and robbers will not trouble thee; 9. respect from others will come to thee; 10. demonic spirits shall (even) aid thee; 11. from female to male transformed thou will become; 12. female minister to kings thou will become; 13. comely in appearance thou will be; 14. constant rebirth in deva heaven shall be accorded thee; 15. the role of monarch may fall unto thee; 16. wisdom from previous lives shall illuminate the future for thee; 17. all those who beseech thee shall follow thee; 18. a joyous and content family shall be granted thee; 19. chance, falsehood, and untrue doctrines shall cease to thwart thee; 20. eternal freedom from the karmic chain shall be thine; 21. no obstacles along any path shall obstruct thee; 22. peaceful and untroubled dreams will slumber bring thee; 23. thy ancestors who suffer from evil karma shall be liberated; 24. reborn shall they be, based on the good karma of thy past life; 25. praised by the sages thou will become; 26. intelligent and wise in nature thou will become; 27. rich in kindness and compassion thou will become; 28. enlightened thou will become.",
"ja": "1.天龍護念、2.善果日増、3.集聖上因、4.菩提不退、5.衣食豊足、6.疾疫不臨、7.離水火災、8.無盗賊厄、9.人見欽敬、10.神鬼助持、11.女転男身、12.為王臣女、13.端正相好、14.多生天上、15.或為帝王、16.宿智命通、17.有求皆従、18.眷属歓楽、19.諸横消滅、20.業道永除、21.去処盡通、22.夜夢安楽、23.先亡離苦、24.宿福受生、25.諸聖讃歎、26.聰明利根、27.饒慈愍心、28.畢竟成佛"
} |
{
"en": "Seven benefits",
"ja": "七種利益"
} |
{
"en": "1. They shall rapidly climb the divine stages of advancement; 2. they shall be free of all bad karma; 3. they shall be guarded by all the Buddhas; 4. they shall never again suffer setbacks along the Bodhi path; 5. they shall experience greater willpower to do good; 6. they shall remember their past lives and experiences; 7. they shall eventually achieve Buddhahood.",
"ja": "1.速超聖地、2.悪業消滅、3.諸佛護臨、4.菩提不退、5.増長本力、6.宿命皆通、7.畢竟成佛"
} |
{
"en": "Among Enra-o-juki Shishu Gyakushu Shoshichiojo Jodo-kyo Sutra (閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経) (Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra, Yuxiu Shiwang Shengqijing Sutra) and Juo-kyo Sutra (Jizo Bosatsu Hossin Innen Juo-kyo Sutra), a belief that Jizo Bosatsu is the same entity as Enma, tied with Juo belief in Taoism.",
"ja": "偽経とされる閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経（預修十王生七経）や十王経（地蔵菩薩発心因縁十王経）によって、道教の十王信仰と結びついて地蔵菩薩を閻魔と閻魔と同一の存在であるという信仰が広まった。"
} |
{
"en": "According to that, the king Enma watches people closely as Jizo Bosatsu so that he can fairly bring the dead to justice.",
"ja": "閻魔王は地蔵菩薩として人々の様子を事細かに見ているため、綿密に死者を裁くことができるとする。"
} |
{
"en": "In Japan since the Heian period, when the Pure Land Faith was widespread, people increasingly believed that the living things who could not be reborn in the Land of Bliss after death inevitably went to Hell, so that they had to hope from Jizo Bosatsu for relief from their suffering in Hell.",
"ja": "日本においては、浄土信仰が普及した平安時代以降、極楽浄土に往生のかなわない衆生は、必ず地獄へ堕ちるものという信仰が強まり、地蔵に対して、地獄における責め苦からの救済を欣求するようになった。"
} |
{
"en": "There is a folk belief that Jizo Bosatsu guards children who are bullied by ogres at Sai-no-kawara (the limbo of children) so that Jizo Bosatsu has been worshipped for the veneration of children and miscarried fetuses.",
"ja": "賽の河原で獄卒に責められる子供を地蔵菩薩が守るという民間信仰もあり、子供や水子の供養でも地蔵信仰を集めた。"
} |
{
"en": "Moreover, in the Kansai district Jizo Bon is held as a children's festival.",
"ja": "また、関西では地蔵盆は子供の祭りとして扱われる。"
} |
{
"en": "Additionally, it has been syncretized with Doso-shin (Doso-jin), the traveler's guardian deity, so that many stone statues were enshrined by the roadsides throughout Japan.",
"ja": "また道祖神と習合したため、日本全国の路傍で石像が数多く祀られた。"
} |
{
"en": "In China, Jizo Bosatsu is called Jizo-o Bosatsu (tied with Juo thought) and is worshipped as a master of the underworld.",
"ja": "中国においては、地蔵菩薩は十王思想と結びついて地藏王菩薩とも呼ばれ、冥界の教主としても信仰される。"
} |
{
"en": "Because it brings the dead to justice as the king Emma, it is mainly worshipped in order to wish for relief (from Hell) after death.",
"ja": "閻魔王として死者を裁くことから、主に死後の（地獄からの）救済を願って信仰される。"
} |
{
"en": "In the Naka Ward of Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) there exists Jizo-o-byo Temple (Chuka Giso) (Chinese cemetary), which was built by Chinese residents and enshrines the rest of the dead.",
"ja": "日本の神奈川県横浜市中区にも、華僑によって建立された死者の永眠を祀る地藏王廟（中華義荘）がある。"
} |
{
"en": "The sacred place of Jizo-o Bosatsu is Mt. Jiuhuashan, in Anhui Province.",
"ja": "地藏王菩薩の聖地は、安徽省にある九華山である。"
} |
{
"en": "This is based on the fact that a priest Jizo (696 to 794), who is also called Kin-osho or Kana Jizo in Shiragi, the Silla dynasty, lived in Huacheng Temple at this place.",
"ja": "これは、新羅の金和尚、金地蔵とも呼ばれる地蔵という僧（696年-794年）が、この地にある化城寺に住したことに因むものである。"
} |
{
"en": "Jizo, who entered nirvana in this place at the age of 99, remained the same figure as living when his casket was opened three years later in order to be enshrined in a tower, so that the faith to see him as the same as Jizo-o Bosatsu was created and the place of the tower became a sacred site of Jizo-o Bosatsu.",
"ja": "齢九十九で、この地で入滅した地蔵は、3年後に棺を開いて塔に奉安しようとしたところ、その顔貌が生前と全く変わることがなかったことなどから、地蔵を地藏王菩薩と同一視する信仰が生まれ、その起塔の地が地藏王菩薩の聖地となったものである。"
} |
{
"en": "According to that historical event, it has been worshipped until now as a sacred place in Chinese Buddhism, as have Mt. Wutai Shan of Monju Bosatsu, Mt. Emeishan of Fugen Bosatsu and Mt. Putuo of Kannon Bosatsu.",
"ja": "その故事によって、文殊菩薩の五台山、普賢菩薩の峨眉山、観音菩薩の普陀山と並ぶ中国仏教の聖地として、今日まで信仰を集めている。"
} |
{
"en": "In Japan the statues of Rokujizo, which consist of six statues of Jizo Bosatsu, are enshrined in various places.",
"ja": "日本では、地蔵菩薩の像を6体並べて祀った六地蔵像が各地で見られる。"
} |
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