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{ "en": "Aizen Myoo (Ragaraja) is one of the Myoos (king of wisdom), being worshipped in Buddhism and having venerable status specific to Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism).", "ja": "愛染明王（あいぜんみょうおう）は、仏教の信仰対象であり、密教特有の尊格である明王の1つ。" }
{ "en": "Having a Sanskrit name, Ragaraja, which is not seen in Buddhist sutras such as those of India, is a Funnu-son--a deity with a fierce expression (忿怒尊)--whose works are not found in India either.", "ja": "梵名ラーガ・ラージャ(Ragaraja)は、インドなどの仏典にその名は見られず、また、インドでの作例もない忿怒尊である。" }
{ "en": "One of the reasons living things do not believe in Buddhism is that 'they are fascinated by temporal pleasures such as bonno (earthly desires) and sexual desire,' but Aizen Myoo practices pious acts because 'bonno and sexual desire are human's instincts that are difficult to cease, so that I change these instincts into ambitions and make living things believe in Buddhism.'", "ja": "衆生が仏法を信じない原因の一つに「煩悩・愛欲により浮世のかりそめの楽に心惹かれている」ことがあるが、愛染明王は「煩悩と愛欲は人間の本能でありこれを断ずることは出来ない、むしろこの本能そのものを向上心に変換して仏道を歩ませる」とする功徳を持っている。" }
{ "en": "Aizen Myoo has one face and six arms with Funnu-so (an angry expression found on Buddhist images just like other Myoos), and it has highly distinctive features such as a lion's crown, which symbolizes the strength to bear any problem, as well as a seated lotus position on a lotus flower blossoms in a hobyo (a flower vase), which is filled with wisdom.", "ja": "愛染明王は一面六臂で他の明王と同じく忿怒相であり、頭にはどのような苦難にも挫折しない強さを象徴する獅子の冠をかぶり、叡知を収めた宝瓶の上に咲いたハスの華の上に結跏趺坐で座るという、大変特徴ある姿をしている。" }
{ "en": "Because it was originally a god to express love, the body color is red and it is often depicted with a luminous halo.", "ja": "もともと愛を表現した神であるためその身色は真紅であり、後背に日輪を背負って表現されることが多い。" }
{ "en": "Additionally, there exists a figure of Aizen Myoo that draws a bow toward Heaven (such as 'the statue of Aizen Myoo with celestial bow' at Mt. Koya) and pictures on which different features are drawn, such as two heads.", "ja": "また天に向かって弓を引く容姿で描かれた姿（高野山に伝えられる「天弓愛染明王像」等）や、双頭など異形の容姿で描かれた絵図も現存する。" }
{ "en": "It has a third eye on the forehead, and some people say this depicts female genitalia.", "ja": "額に第三の目を持つが、俗にこれを女性器を表したものだという説がある。" }
{ "en": "However, the reason for that view is not known and it is uncertain whether it is true.", "ja": "しかしその出典は不明で、真偽の程はわからない。" }
{ "en": "Aizen Myoo has been worshipped since ancient times as a Buddha that controls 'love, marriage and household harmony,' as its name shows; moreover, it has been worshipped as a guardian deity of dye and textile manufacturers by interpreting 'Aizen(愛染) as Aizen (藍染), or indigo.'", "ja": "愛染明王信仰はその名が示すとおり「恋愛・縁結び・家庭円満」などをつかさどる仏として古くから行われており、また「愛染＝藍染」と解釈し、染物・織物職人の守護神としても信仰されている。" }
{ "en": "Moreover, because it does not deny sexual desire, it was worshipped by prostitutes in ancient times and is worshipped by women of the present day who work in the nighttime entertainment industry.", "ja": "さらに愛欲を否定しないことから、古くは遊女、現在では水商売の女性の信仰対象にもなっている。" }
{ "en": "Aizen Myoo is also depicted in pictures of the Mandala, a principal image of the Nichiren sects, facing Fudo Myoo; and it has been written in Sanskrit since Nichiren through the ages because it has a venerable status of Mikkyo transmitted by Kukai.", "ja": "日蓮系各派の本尊（曼荼羅）にも不動明王と相対して愛染明王が書かれているが、空海によって伝えられた密教の尊格であることから日蓮以来代々梵字で書かれている。" }
{ "en": "Moreover, it is said that Fudo Myoo in the Mandala of Nichiren sects shows the idea that the sufferings of birth and death are nirvana while Aizen Myoo shows the idea that earthly desires are a pure aspiration to enlightenment.", "ja": "なお日蓮の曼荼羅における不動明王は生死即涅槃を表し、これに対し愛染明王は煩悩即菩提を表しているとされる。" }
{ "en": "The theoretical origin of Aizen Myoo is not known, but judging from one of the mantras of Aizen Myoo, 'Fun Takki Fun Jaha Fun,' it seems related to Takkiraja (Kama Raja （カーマ・ラージャ)), the tenth Funnu-son in the latter stage of Mikkyo.", "ja": "愛染明王（あいぜんみょうおう）の起源は、学説的には不明だが、愛染明王の真言のひとつ「フーン　タッキ　フーン　ジャハ　フーン」から推察するに、後期密教における十忿怒尊のタッキ・ラージャ（カーマ・ラージャ）と関連あると思われる。" }
{ "en": "It is said that the word \"takki\" means love or death, but the exact origin of the word is not known.", "ja": "タッキは愛とか死を意味するとも言われるが、正確な語源は不明。" }
{ "en": "There is a theory that Takki originates from Dakini (ダーキニー) (Dakiniten).", "ja": "タッキをダーキニー（茶枳尼天）に求める説もある。" }
{ "en": "Dakini is often considered to be a witch, and therefore Takkiraja could be translated as the king of witches in Japanese.", "ja": "ダーキニーはしばしば魔女とされることから、タッキ・ラージャを邦訳するならば魔女の王といったところか。" }
{ "en": "Alternatively, Takki might be a lost god or a slang term.", "ja": "タッキはあるいは、失われた神格か俗語なのかもしれない。" }
{ "en": "Kama is a goddess of love who was burned to death because she released an arrow against Shiva during ascetic practices.", "ja": "カーマとは修行中のシヴァ神に誘惑の矢を放って焼き殺された愛の神である。" }
{ "en": "The goddess Kama, which is also called Mara, seduced Buddha.", "ja": "カーマ神は別名をマーラ（魔羅）ともいい、ブッダを誘惑している。" }
{ "en": "Mara has a daughter named Raga.", "ja": "マーラには、ラーガーという娘もいる。" }
{ "en": "For details, see the article on Kama (Hinduism).", "ja": "詳しくはカーマ(ヒンドゥー教)の項目を参照。" }
{ "en": "Mara is the supreme god who lives in the sixth heaven, which is also called Take-jizai-ten (the heaven where one can partake of the pleasures created in other heavens) or the sixth tenmao (devil).", "ja": "マーラは第六天に住む天界の最高神であり、他化自在天や第六天魔王ともいう。" }
{ "en": "For details, see the article on Tenma.", "ja": "詳しくは（天魔）の項目で。" }
{ "en": "(Kama is the supreme god in Heaven, but please note that there are more worlds over heaven in Buddhism.)", "ja": "（天界の最高神ではあるが、仏教では、その上にさらに多くの世界が存在することをご理解いただきたい）" }
{ "en": "Take-jizai-ten is expressed as a figure with a bow, and it is a god that controls everything in this world at will, makes others enjoy and enjoys by itself.", "ja": "他化自在天は弓をもった姿で描かれ、この世のすべてを自在に操り他人を楽しませ、自分も楽しむ神である。" }
{ "en": "From the other perspective, it is a god and a seducer that makes a person feel happy.", "ja": "見方を変えれば誘惑者であり、また、楽しい気持ちにさせてくれる神である。" }
{ "en": "It is said that Dainichinyorai preached at the palace of Take-jizai-ten.", "ja": "大日如来はこの他化自在天の王宮で説法したとされる。" }
{ "en": "Aizen Myoo could be said to be a god that changed the viewpoint against love and mastered it.", "ja": "愛染明王も、愛に対する見方を変え極めた仏といえよう。" }
{ "en": "It seems that Kongoai Bosatsu is the nearest as a venerable status and was incorporated from a god who drew a bow of love or a god of love with a bow; it is interpreted as a Bosatsu in Mikkyo so that its Funnu-son corresponds to Aizen Myoo.", "ja": "金剛愛菩薩がもっとも尊格としては近く、愛の弓を引くおそらく、弓をもつ愛の神を取りいれ、密教の菩薩として解釈されたのが金剛愛菩薩であり、その憤怒尊が愛染明王ではないかと思われる。" }
{ "en": "Although Aizen Myoo is often enshrined as an attendant, there are examples in which it is enshrined as the principal image, as follows:", "ja": "愛染明王は眷属として祀られることが多いが、以下のように本尊としている例も存在する。" }
{ "en": "Temples that enshrine Aizen Myoo as the principal image", "ja": "愛染明王を本尊とする寺院" }
{ "en": "Aizen-do (Shoman-in Temple) (Tennoji Ward, Osaka City) - one of the four halls of Shitenno-ji Temple built by Prince Shotoku", "ja": "愛染堂（勝鬘院）（大阪市天王寺区）-聖徳太子建立の四天王寺四院の一つ。" }
{ "en": "The first Fudasho, a temple that issues amulets, of Saigoku Aizen Reijo (holy grounds related to Aizen Myoo in the western districts of Japan) (西国愛染霊場).", "ja": "西国愛染霊場の一番札所）" }
{ "en": "Kongosanmai-in Temple (Koya-cho, Wakayama Prefecture) - the temple related to Masako HOJO.", "ja": "金剛三昧院（和歌山県高野町）-北条政子所縁の寺。" }
{ "en": "It enshrines Aizen Myoo, which was Nenjibutsu (a Buddhist image that is kept in close proximity for personal daily worship) of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.", "ja": "源頼朝の念持佛である愛染明王を祀る。" }
{ "en": "The principal image is a national important cultural property.", "ja": "本尊は国の重要文化財）" }
{ "en": "Shana-in Temple (Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture) - the principal image is made in the Kamakura period and a national important cultural property.", "ja": "舎那院（滋賀県長浜市）-本尊は鎌倉時代の作で国の重要文化財。" }
{ "en": "It is said that it was consecrated by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.", "ja": "豊臣秀吉が奉献したとされる）" }
{ "en": "Aizen-in Temple (Nerima Ward, Tokyo) - the principal image is the statue of Aizen Myoo, which is a Buddhist image not usually shown to the public.", "ja": "愛染院(東京都練馬区)（東京都練馬区）-本尊の愛染明王像は秘仏" }
{ "en": "Komyosan Aizen-in Temple (光明山愛染院) (Itabashi Ward, Tokyo) - worshipped by local dye manufacturers", "ja": "光明山愛染院(板橋区)（東京都板橋区）-地元の染物業者の信仰対象となっている）" }
{ "en": "Other representative temples that enshrine Aizen Myoo", "ja": "その他、愛染明王を祀る代表的な寺院" }
{ "en": "Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City, Nara Prefecture): This statue of Aizen Myoo (an important cultural property) was made by Zenen.", "ja": "西大寺(奈良市)（奈良県奈良市）-重要文化財の愛染明王像は善円の作。" }
{ "en": "It is placed at Aizen Hall, which was formerly Konoe-ko Mandokoro Goten(近衛公政所御殿) in Kyoto Imperial Palace but was relocated there.", "ja": "京都御所の近衛公政所御殿を移築した愛染堂に安置" }
{ "en": "Jingo-ji Temple (Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City) - the statue of Aizen Myoo (an important cultural property) was made by Koen, who was a busshi.", "ja": "神護寺（京都市右京区）-重要文化財の愛染明王像は仏師康円の作。" }
{ "en": "Jindo-ji Temple (Yamashiro-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture) - the statue of Aizen Myoo with celestial bow", "ja": "神童寺（京都府相楽郡山城町(京都府)）-天弓愛染像" }
{ "en": "A statue in the Nara National Museum - the statue of Aizen Myoo (an important cultural property) was made byKaisei, a busshi in the Kamakura period.", "ja": "奈良国立博物館像-重要文化財の愛染明王像は鎌倉時代の仏師快成の作。" }
{ "en": "Kakuon-ji Temple (Nikaido, Kamakura City) - the seated statue of Aizen Myoo at Aizen Hall was made during the latter part of the Kamakura period.", "ja": "覚園寺（鎌倉市二階堂）-愛染堂の愛染明王坐像は鎌倉時代後期の作。" }
{ "en": "Zazen (meditation) is a fundamental method of training in Zen Buddhism, in which one meditates sitting with correct posture.", "ja": "坐禅（ざぜん）とは、姿勢を正して坐った状態で精神統一を行う、禅の基本的な修行法。" }
{ "en": "It is sometimes written with the characters 座禅 however it is correct to use the character 坐.", "ja": "「座禅」とも表記されるが、正式には「坐」の字を使用する。" }
{ "en": "Harmonize posture, breathing and mind. (choshin, chosoku, choshin respectively)", "ja": "姿勢、呼吸、心をととのえる（調身、調息、調心）。" }
{ "en": "A special cushion for Zazen called a zafu is used when sitting down to meditate.", "ja": "坐る際には坐禅用のクッションである坐蒲（ざふ）を用いる。" }
{ "en": "A zabuton (flat cushion) folded in two can sometimes serve as a substitute.", "ja": "座布団を二つ折りにしても代用することもある。" }
{ "en": "Sit down cross-legged on the cushion, with knees barely touching the floor.", "ja": "坐蒲に腰を下ろし、膝を床につける程度に浅く、あぐらをかく。" }
{ "en": "Zazen is done in either full-lotus position or half-lotus position.", "ja": "足の組み方は結跏趺坐（けっかふざ）もしくは半結跏趺坐（はんかふざ）で行う。" }
{ "en": "To sit in the full-lotus position, put the right foot on the left thigh and move the right heel close to the hip.", "ja": "結跏趺坐のやり方は左ももの上に右足を乗せ、右かかとを腹に近づける。" }
{ "en": "Next, put the left foot on the right thigh.", "ja": "次に右ももの上に左足を乗せる。" }
{ "en": "In half-lotus position only the left foot is put on the right thigh.", "ja": "一方、左足のみを右ももに乗せるのが半結跏趺坐である。" }
{ "en": "In either position, the three points including two legs and bottom make a balanced sitting posture.", "ja": "いずれも両足と尻との3点でつり合いよくすわる。" }
{ "en": "The hands are placed together palms up with the thumbs touching in a natural arc in the hokkai-join or gesture of reality.", "ja": "手は法界定印（ほっかいじょういん）を組む。" }
{ "en": "Face the right palm upwards and place the left palm on top.", "ja": "右掌を上に向け、その上に、左掌を上にして重ねる。" }
{ "en": "Lightly touch the tips of the thumbs together.", "ja": "両手の親指先端をかすかに合わせる。" }
{ "en": "With eyes half open, lower gaze to a point about one meter in front.", "ja": "目は半開きにして視線は1m程度先で落とす。" }
{ "en": "Pull chin in, and rest the tongue lightly on the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth, keeping mouth lightly closed.", "ja": "あごを引き、舌は前歯の付け根に軽く触れるようにして口を軽く結ぶ。" }
{ "en": "Relax shoulders and straighten the spine.", "ja": "肩の力を抜き、背筋を伸ばす。" }
{ "en": "Pull the back in and the stomach slightly forward.", "ja": "腰は引き気味で腹を少し前に突き出す。" }
{ "en": "Such that the nose and navel are in line.", "ja": "鼻とヘソが相対するように。" }
{ "en": "Breathe naturally.", "ja": "呼吸は自然にまかせる。" }
{ "en": "Breathe out and in gently from the nose.", "ja": "鼻からゆっくり吐き、吸う。" }
{ "en": "It is said to exhale from the 'tanden' (a point in the lower abdomen).", "ja": "丹田から吐き出すという。" }
{ "en": "Some temples hold zazen meetings.", "ja": "いくつかの寺では、座禅会が行なわれている。" }
{ "en": "Also, the correct way to do zazen is broadcast on A and available for viewing free.", "ja": "また、において、正しい坐禅の仕方が動画で配信されており、無料で視聴可能である。" }
{ "en": "Zazen is sometimes perceived as the same as visual meditation ('meiso'), however the direction of zazen is different to that of visual meditation in which the eyes are closed and an object is visualized in the mind.", "ja": "坐禅は瞑想と同一視される場合があるが、目を閉じて何らかの対象を頭の中でイメージする瞑想とは方向性が異なる。" }
{ "en": "The purpose of zazen is not to be bound by the images in your mind but to experience the world and yourself as it really is, and reach a spiritual place of nothingness.", "ja": "坐禅の目的は心中のイメージに囚われずにあるがままの自分と世界を体感し、無の境地に至ることである。" }
{ "en": "The priest Dogen, founder of the Soto Sect of Buddhism, emphasized the concept of 'shikantaza' which is a Japanese term for zazen and means just sitting.", "ja": "日本の曹洞宗開祖である道元は只管打座（しかんたざ）、すなわちただひたすらに坐ることを重視した。" }
{ "en": "It means to just sit for the sake of sitting, and not for the purpose of gaining some merit or reward.", "ja": "何かの功徳や利益を得るために坐るのではなく、ただ坐ることに打ち込むことである。" }
{ "en": "Medicine", "ja": "医学" }
{ "en": "Medical researchers are studying the slowing of breathing during zazen meditation.", "ja": "坐禅中は、呼吸がゆっくりになることが観察されている。" }
{ "en": "Seiryu Gongen (清瀧権現), or Seiryo Gongen, is a guardian goddess of Daigo-ji Temple, the grand head temple of the Shingon sect Daigo-ha branch in the Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City.", "ja": "清瀧権現（せいりゅうごんげんまたはせいりょうごんげん）は、京都市伏見区所在の真言宗醍醐派総本山、醍醐寺の守護女神。" }
{ "en": "Additionally, it is called Seiryu Daigongen (Seiryo Daigongen) and is also written as 清滝権現 (Seiryu Gongen, Seiryo Gongen).", "ja": "清瀧大権現とも呼称され、清滝権現とも書く。" }
{ "en": "Honjibutsu, the original Buddhist identity of a Shinto deity, is Jundei Kannon and Nyoirin Kannon.", "ja": "本地仏は准胝観音と如意輪観音である。" }
{ "en": "Seiryu Gongen isn't described in Kyoki (sutra), but according to Kukai's Goyuigo (written will) it was Zennyo Ryuo, (Dragon King Zennyo) the third (also said to be fourth) daughter of Shakara (Sakara, Shagara), one of the Hachidai Ryuo (the eight dragon kings of Indian myth), and lived in Munetsuchi (無熱池) (a legendary pond that is said to be located in the Himalayas).", "ja": "清瀧権現は経軌には説かれておらず、空海の御遺告によると、インド神話に登場する八大竜王の一、沙掲羅（しゃから、シャガーラ）の第三王女（一説には第四王女とも伝えられる）である善女（善如）龍王で、無熱地に住していた。" }
{ "en": "There are two kinds of dragons--good and evil--and Zennyo Ryuo was a good dragon who did not do harm; it is a golden snake of 2.5 cm long who appeared with the respect of the dharma of mantra, Shingon, and stands atop a snake of about 3 meters long.", "ja": "龍に善悪あるが、善女龍王は害を加えない善龍であり、真言の奥義を敬って出現した8寸（2.5cm）の金色蛇で9尺（3m弱）の蛇の頂上に位置するという。" }
{ "en": "It is said that it appeared at the time of a religious ceremony to pray for rainfall held by Kukai at Shinsen-en.", "ja": "空海が神泉苑で請雨修法の際に出現したという。" }
{ "en": "Zennyo Ryuo came flying to Shoryu-ji Temple (Qinglongsi Temple) in China, where Mikkyo was guarded, and became a guardian goddess of the temple, 'Seiryu.'", "ja": "善女龍王は密教を守護していた中国・青龍寺に飛来して同寺の鎮守（守護神）「清龍」となった。" }
{ "en": "In later years, when Kobo-daishi Kukai visited Seiryu-ji Temple and learned Buddhism, he begged to be given Samaya-vrata but it was not permitted.", "ja": "後年、弘法大師空海が青龍寺を訪れ仏法を学んだ際、三昧耶戒を授けてほしいと懇請したが許されなかった。" }
{ "en": "When Kukai came back to Japan, it appeared in a ship and Kukai swore to guard Mikkyo, so that it was transferred by praying at the foot of Mt. Takao-san in Rakusai, Kyoto.", "ja": "空海が帰国する際に船中に現れて密教を守護することを誓ったため、京都洛西の高雄山麓に勧請された。" }
{ "en": "At that time it crossed the sea so that it came to be called 'Seiryu Gongen (清瀧権現)' with respect in Japan, adding the left-hand radical of 'Sanzui (sense of water)' to the Chinese character, 龍 (dragon).", "ja": "その際、海を渡ったので龍の字に「さんずい」を加えて日本では「清瀧権現」と敬称するようになった。" }
{ "en": "Accordingly, the name of the river at the foot of Mt. Takao-san was changed to Kiyotaki (清滝）.", "ja": "高雄山麓の川も清滝（きよたき）と改称した。" }
{ "en": "Moreover, Eun was invited to pray when transferring it to Ansho-ji Temple.", "ja": "また恵運も迎えて安祥寺に勧請した。" }
{ "en": "After Seiryu Gongen came flying to Japan and visited various temples, it descended to the peak of Daigo-ji Temple, in the present place, in around 900 by the invocations of Shobo.", "ja": "清瀧権現は日本に飛来し複数の寺を巡った後、900年ころに聖宝により現在の安置所である醍醐寺山頂に降臨し留まった。" }
{ "en": "Subsequently it became the goddess that guarded Shingon Mikkyo, which has been transmitted in that temple.", "ja": "以後同寺に伝えられる真言密教を守護する女神となった。" }
{ "en": "In 1097, Shokaku separated Daigo-ji Temple into the upper and lower parts of the mountain, so that in 'Kami-Daigo (the upper part of Daigo),' where Seiryu Gongen is said to have descended; at the front of the Daigo-sui spring stands 'Seiryu-gu Haiden,' a national treasure, which was built during the Muromachi period, and in 'Shimo-Daigo (the lower part of Daigo),' which is at the foot of Mt. Daigo-san, stands 'Seiryu-gu Honden,' a national important cultural property.", "ja": "承徳元年（1097年）、勝覚が醍醐寺の山上と下に分祀し、現在は清瀧権現が降臨したと伝えられる「上醍醐」醍醐水泉の正面に、室町時代に建立された国宝「清瀧宮拝殿」、醍醐山麓に広がる「下醍醐」境内には国の重要文化財「清瀧宮本殿」が建っている。" }
{ "en": "According to Buddhism and Hinduism, Enma is the master of Hell.", "ja": "閻魔（えんま）は仏教・ヒンドゥー教などで地獄の主。" }
{ "en": "He is also considered to be a deity.", "ja": "また神とも。" }
{ "en": "It is believed that Enma, being the king of a permanent dreamland, has the authority to judge the crimes committed by the dead while in life.", "ja": "冥界の王・総司として死者の生前の罪を裁くと考えられる。" }
{ "en": "Enma is a transliteration of Yama in Sanskrit and Pali.", "ja": "閻魔は、サンスクリット語及びパーリ語のヤマ(यम,Yama)の音訳。" }
{ "en": "He is also called Yama-rāja (rāja means \"king\").", "ja": "ヤマラージャ（यमराज,Yama-rāja、ラージャは王の意味）とも。" }
{ "en": "The transliteration is Enmaraja, and the free translation is Enma Daio (great king Enma).", "ja": "音訳は閻魔羅闍（えんまらじゃ）、意訳は閻魔大王（えんまだいおう）。" }
{ "en": "His name is abbreviated as Enra, Enra-o, En-o or En.", "ja": "略して閻羅（えんら）、閻羅王（えんらおう）、閻王（えんおう）、閻（えん）とも。" }
{ "en": "Yama (Emma) is translated into Japanese as baku (縛), sosei (雙世), soo (雙王), seisoku (静息), shasei (遮正) or byodo(平等), etc.", "ja": "Yama（閻魔）は、縛、雙世、雙王、静息、遮正、平等などと和訳される。" }

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