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{ "en": "It is a transformed figure of Kannon Bosatsu and one of the Roku Kannon (six Kannon).", "ja": "観音菩薩の変化身（へんげしん）の一つであり、六観音の一尊に数えられる。" }
{ "en": "Sanma yagyo (characteristic things of the Buddha) is Nyoi hoju (a sacred jewel, said to remove suffering, and capable of granting every wish) and a red lotus flower.", "ja": "三昧耶形は如意宝珠、紅蓮華。" }
{ "en": "Shushi (or Shuji (the characteristic one syllable word to depict the Bodhisattva)) (Esoteric Buddhism) is hriiH.", "ja": "種子(密教)（種字）はキリーク(hriiH)。" }
{ "en": "In Japan it has various names such as 'Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu,' 'Nyoirin Kanzeon Bosatsu' and 'Daibonjinon Kannon,' and the designated name, such as for an important cultural property, was 'Nyoirin Kannon.'", "ja": "日本では「如意輪観音菩薩」、「如意輪観世音菩薩」、「大梵深遠観音」などさまざまな呼び方があるが、重要文化財等の指定名称は「如意輪観音」となっている。" }
{ "en": "It is also called 'Kuse (or Guse) Bosatsu.'", "ja": "また「救世菩薩」とも呼ばれる。" }
{ "en": "Nyoi is an abbreviation of Nyoi hoju, a wish-fulfilling jewel (Cintamani), and Rin is an abbreviation of Horin, Dharma-wheel (cakra) and its true wish is to preach at will, living in zanmai (samadhi) of Nyoi hoju, removing the troubles of living things in Rokudo (six posthumous worlds) and provides benefits to these worlds.", "ja": "如意とは如意宝珠（チンターマニ）、輪とは法輪（チャクラ）の略で、如意宝珠の三昧（定）に住して意のままに説法し、六道の衆生の苦を抜き、世間・出世間の利益を与えることを本意とする。" }
{ "en": "Nyoi hoju fulfills all hopes and Horin is a Buddhist symbol to destroy Bonno (earthly desires), and which was transformed from Chakuram, a weapon in ancient India originally.", "ja": "如意宝珠とは全ての願いを叶えるものであり、法輪は元来古代インドの武器であったチャクラムが転じて、煩悩を破壊する仏法の象徴となったものである。" }
{ "en": "As the role of Roku Kannon, it is said to be Sekke (edification) Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another).", "ja": "六観音の役割では天部を摂化するという。" }
{ "en": "All Nyoin Kannon statues are basically seated statues or Hanka (half-lotus posture) statues so that standing statues are not seen.", "ja": "如意輪観音像は、原則として全て坐像または半跏像で、立像はまず見かけない。" }
{ "en": "Many statues have six arms, and are sitting with one knee up, but there are also Hanka statues with two arms, which have totally different figures from the former.", "ja": "片膝を立てて座る六臂の像が多いが、これとは全く像容の異なる二臂の半跏像もある。" }
{ "en": "The statues with six arms have Nyoi hoju and Horin, which are origins of its name, in two of the six hands.", "ja": "六臂像は6本の手のうちの2本に、尊名の由来である如意宝珠と法輪とを持っている。" }
{ "en": "Among the works of Nyoirin Kannon in Japan, the principal image of Buddha at Kanshin-ji Temple in Osaka Prefecture is a representative statue with six arms.", "ja": "日本における如意輪観音の作例のうち、大阪・観心寺本尊像は六臂像の代表作である。" }
{ "en": "Among six hands, its first right hand shows Shiyui-so, meditative posture, with its chin resting upon its hand, and it has Nyoi Hoju in the second right hand in front of its breast and beadroll in the third right hand hanging to the outside.", "ja": "6本の手のうち、右第1手は頬に当てて思惟相を示し、右第2手は胸前で如意宝珠、右第3手は外方に垂らして数珠を持つ。" }
{ "en": "On the other hand, the first left hand touches the earth, spreading the palm, the second left hand supports Mikaifu renge, unopened lotus and the third left hand supports Horin at its finger tips.", "ja": "一方、左第1手は掌を広げて地に触れ、左第2手は未開敷蓮華（ハスのつぼみ）、左第3手は指先で法輪を支える。" }
{ "en": "The statue at Kanno-ji Temple in Hyogo Prefecture, the principal image of Buddha at Kannon-do in Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple), the statue in the main hall of Muro-ji Temple in Nara Prefecture and the statue at Daigo-ji Temple in Kyoto Prefecture are statues with six arms and are the same as the statue at Kanshin-ji Temple.", "ja": "兵庫・神呪寺像、西国札所の園城寺（三井寺）観音堂本尊像、奈良・室生寺本堂像、京都・醍醐寺像などはいずれも観心寺像と同様の六臂像である。" }
{ "en": "The statue at Ishiyama-dera Temple in Shiga, which is a Buddhist image not usually shown to the public, has been famous as the Nyoirin Kannon statue with two arms since ancient times.", "ja": "二臂の如意輪観音像として古来著名なものは、滋賀・石山寺の秘仏本尊像である。" }
{ "en": "The principal image of Buddha of Oka-dera Temple in Asuka is also a statue with two arms.", "ja": "飛鳥の岡寺の本尊像も二臂である。" }
{ "en": "The principal image of Chugu-ji Temple, next to Horyu-ji Temple, is a typical hanka shiyui-zo, a position with the left leg pendent (hanka), the right leg crossed over the left knee, and the fingers of the right hand lightly touching the cheek (shiyui).", "ja": "法隆寺の隣にある中宮寺の本尊像は、右脚を左膝に乗せ（半跏）、右手を頬に当てて考えるポーズを取る（思惟）、典型的な半跏思惟像である。" }
{ "en": "This statue has been called a Nyoirin Kannon statue since ancient times, but the name at the time of being shaped is not clear so that it is highly possible that it was made as a statue of Miroku Bosatsu, Maitreya Bodhisattva.", "ja": "この像は古来如意輪観音像と称されているが、造像当初の尊名は明らかでなく、弥勒菩薩像として造られた可能性が高い。" }
{ "en": "In addition, it was worshipped at Jukuya-ko (the women gather on the 19th of the month to pray for easy delivery and family health and safety on nineteenth night of the lunar calendar) in recent times.", "ja": "なお近世、十九夜講の信仰の対象となっている。" }
{ "en": "On Barada Handomei Un", "ja": "オン　バラダ　ハンドメイ　ウン" }
{ "en": "On Handoma Shinda Mani Jinba Ra Sowaka", "ja": "オン・ハンドマ・シンダ・マニ・ジンバ・ラ・ソワカ" }
{ "en": "Mantra of Light : On Abokya Beiroshano Makabodara Daramani Handoma Jinbara Harabaritaya Un", "ja": "光明真言：オン・アボキャ・ベイロシャノウ・マカボダラ・ダラマニ・ハンドマ・　ジンバラ・ハラバリタヤ・ウン" }
{ "en": "Kokuzo Bosatsu is Ākāśagarbh or Gaganagajja in Sanskrit, and is a Bosatsu that is revered in Buddhism.", "ja": "虚空蔵菩薩(こくうぞうぼさつ)、サンスクリットアーカーシャ・ガルバ(Ākāśagarbha)またはガガナ・ガンシャ(Gaganagajja)は、仏教における信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。" }
{ "en": "The Sanmayogyo Symbol is Hoken (treasured sword) and Nyoi hoju (wish-fulfilling jewel).", "ja": "三昧耶形は宝剣、如意宝珠。" }
{ "en": "Shushi (Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism)) (Shuji) is Trāh.", "ja": "種子(密教)（種字）はタラーク(Trāh)。" }
{ "en": "Known mantras are 'OM vajraratna, OM trāh svāhā' and 'Namah Ākāśagarbhāya, OM arika mari muri svāhā,' known to be used in 'Kokuzo Gumonji-ho,' an incantation method to pray for enhanced memory skills.", "ja": "真言は「オンバザラアラタンノウオンタラクソワカ」(OMvajraratna,OMtrāhsvāhā)や、記憶力増進を祈念する修法「虚空蔵求聞持法」で用いられる「ノウボウアキャシャギャラバヤオンアリキャマリボリソワカ」(NamahĀkāśagarbhāya,OMarikamarimurisvāhā)などが知られる。" }
{ "en": "Kokuzo' literally means 'to have Koku,' and the Kokuzo Bosatsu is a Bosatsu that has limitless wisdom and compassion like the wide universe.", "ja": "「虚空蔵」は文字通り「虚空を蔵する」の意で、虚空蔵菩薩とは広大な宇宙のような無限の智恵と慈悲を持った菩薩、という意味である。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, this Bosatsu is worshiped for virtues such as wisdom, knowledge and memory.", "ja": "そのため智恵や知識、記憶といった面での利益をもたらす菩薩として信仰される。" }
{ "en": "The incantation method 'Kokuzo Gumonji-ho' involves chanting mantras 1 million times over 100 days following certain rules, and those who complete this method become able to memorize, understand and never forget all Buddhist texts.", "ja": "その修法「虚空蔵求聞持法」は、一定の作法に則って真言を百日間かけて百万回唱えるというもので、これを修した行者は、あらゆる経典を記憶し、理解して忘れる事がなくなるという。" }
{ "en": "The legend that Kukai secluded himself in the Mikurodo caves at Muroto-misaki Cape to complete Kokuzo Gumonji-ho is well known, and Nichiren also worshiped Kokuzo Bosatsu for 21 days when he started to follow the teachings of Buddha at the age of twelve.", "ja": "空海が室戸岬の洞窟御厨人窟に籠もって虚空蔵求聞持法を修したという伝説はよく知られており、日蓮もまた12歳の時、仏道を志すにあたって虚空蔵菩薩に21日間の祈願を行ったという。" }
{ "en": "Horin-ji Temple in Arashiyama, Kyoto (Nishikyo Ward Kyoto City) has an event called \"thirteen visit,\" where boys and girls who have turned thirteen visit to receive wisdom from Kokuzo Bosatsu.", "ja": "また、京都嵐山の法輪寺(京都市西京区)では、13歳になった少年少女が虚空蔵菩薩に智恵を授かりに行く十三詣りという行事が行われている。" }
{ "en": "It is the central figure of the Garbha-mandala in Kokuzo-in, and is esteemed in Mikkyo as well.", "ja": "胎蔵曼荼羅の虚空蔵院の主尊であり、密教でも重視される。" }
{ "en": "The images hold a Hoken in the right hand and Nyoi-hoju in the left, and some images show their right palm facing downwards in a wish-granting mudra and hold Nyoi-hoju in the left.", "ja": "像容は右手に宝剣左手に如意宝珠を持つものと、右手は掌を見せて下げる与願印（よがんいん）の印相とし左手に如意宝珠を持つものとがある。" }
{ "en": "The latter image form is found in Honzon for Gumonji-ho and the National Treasure image owned by the Tokyo National Museum has this form.", "ja": "後者の像容は求聞持法の本尊で、東京国立博物館蔵の国宝の画像はこれに当たる。" }
{ "en": "Major examples of sculptures are the figures in Kakuan-ji Temple, Yamatokoriyama City Nara Prefecture and in Koryu-ji Temple Kodo, Kyoto City.", "ja": "彫像の代表例としては、奈良県大和郡山市・額安寺像、京都市・広隆寺講堂像などが挙げられる。" }
{ "en": "The wooden Kokuzo Bosatsu standing figure in Horin-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho) in Ikaruga-cho Nara Prefecture is an old figure from about the seventh century, but it is not clear whether it was called a Kokuzo Bosatsu from the beginning.", "ja": "奈良県斑鳩町・法輪寺(斑鳩町)の木造虚空蔵菩薩立像は7世紀にさかのぼる古像だが、当初から虚空蔵菩薩と呼ばれていたかどうかは定かでない。" }
{ "en": "The Kudara Kannon in Horyu-ji Temple was called a 'Kokuzo Bosatsu figure' within the temple until the early Meiji Period.", "ja": "また、法隆寺の百済観音像は明治時代前半までは寺内で「虚空蔵菩薩像」と呼ばれていたことがわかっている。" }
{ "en": "Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu", "ja": "五大虚空蔵菩薩" }
{ "en": "The Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu is a group of figures consisting solely of Kokuzo Bosatsu.", "ja": "五大虚空蔵菩薩は、虚空蔵菩薩のみ5体を群像として表わしたものである。" }
{ "en": "It expresses the five wisdoms of Koku Bosatsu with 5 Bosatsu figures, and is also said to be a different incarnation of Gochi-nyorai.", "ja": "虚空蔵菩薩の五つの智恵を5体の菩薩像で表わしたものとも言い、五智如来の変化身（へんげしん）とも言う。" }
{ "en": "The Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu is the Honzon of prayers for good health and prosperity.", "ja": "五大虚空蔵菩薩像は、息災・増益などの祈願の本尊にもなっている。" }
{ "en": "The name, direction and body color of the Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu are as follows.", "ja": "五大虚空蔵菩薩の名称、方位、身色は次のとおりである。" }
{ "en": "Hokkai Kokuzo (center, white)", "ja": "法界虚空蔵（中央、白色）" }
{ "en": "Kongo Kokuzo (east, yellow)", "ja": "金剛虚空蔵（東方、黄色）" }
{ "en": "Hoko Kokuzo (south, blue)", "ja": "宝光虚空蔵（南方、青色）" }
{ "en": "Renge Kokuzo (west, red)", "ja": "蓮華虚空蔵（西方、赤色）" }
{ "en": "Goyo Kokuzo (north, black-purple)", "ja": "業用（ごうよう）虚空蔵（北方、黒紫色）" }
{ "en": "An example of sculptures of the Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu are the figures in Jingo-ji Temple Tahoto in Kyoto (early Heian Period, National Treasure).", "ja": "五大虚空蔵菩薩の彫像の作例としては、京都・神護寺多宝塔安置の像（平安初期・国宝）が著名である。" }
{ "en": "The Five Major Kokuzo Bosatsu figures in To-ji Kanchi-in Temple, Kyoto (Important Cultural Property) were brought back from Tang by Eun, who was the disciple of one of Kukai's disciples.", "ja": "京都・東寺観智院安置の五大虚空蔵菩薩像（重要文化財）は、空海の孫弟子にあたる恵運が唐から将来した像である。" }
{ "en": "The figures of Hokkai, Kongo, Hoko, Renge and Goyo sit on a lotus pedestal on top of a horse, lion, elephant, golden bird and peacock, respectively.", "ja": "法界、金剛、宝光、蓮華、業用の各像はそれぞれ馬、獅子、象、金翅鳥（こんじちょう）、孔雀の上の蓮華座に乗っている。" }
{ "en": "The figures in Kanchi-in Temple were originally in Ansho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) and (Yamashina Ward Kyoto City).", "ja": "この観智院像は、もとは山科（京都市山科区）の安祥寺(京都市)にあったものである。" }
{ "en": "Zao Gongen is a venerable entity worshipped in Buddhism in Japan.", "ja": "蔵王権現（ざおうごんげん）は、日本仏教における信仰対象の一つ。" }
{ "en": "It is an original Buddha of Japan without origins in India, and is known as the principal image of the main hall (Zao-do) of Kinpusen-ji Temple, in Yoshino, Nara Prefecture.", "ja": "インドに起源を持たない日本独自のほとけで、奈良県吉野の金峯山寺本堂（蔵王堂）の本尊として知られる。" }
{ "en": "Gongen means 'god or Buddha which appears in a temporary figure.'", "ja": "権現とは「権（かり）の姿で現れた神仏」の意。" }
{ "en": "There is a tradition that EN no Ozunu (practitioners of Shugen-do (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) around the seventh centuries) transformed to Zao Gongen during ascetic training at Mt. Kinpu in Yoshino.", "ja": "蔵王権現は、役小角（えんのおづぬ、7世紀頃の山岳修験行者）が、吉野の金峯山で修業中に示現したという伝承がある。" }
{ "en": "It is considered to be combined with Shaka, Kannon (Deity of Mercy) and Miroku (Maitreya), and the three statues of Zao Gongen, which have almost the same figures, are enshrined as the principal image at Zao-do in Yoshino.", "ja": "釈迦、観音、弥勒の三尊の合体したものとされ、今でも吉野の蔵王堂には互いにほとんど同じ姿をした3体の蔵王権現像が並んで本尊として祀られている。" }
{ "en": "EN no Ozunu himself was a legendary figure and it is not clear when the statue of Zao Gongen began to be shaped actually.", "ja": "役小角自体が伝説的な人物であり、蔵王権現の造像が実際にいつ頃から始まったのかは判然としない。" }
{ "en": "At Ishiyama-dera Temple in Shiga Prefecture, 'the statue of Kongo Zao' (a deity of fierce aspect) and 'the statue of Shitu-kongo-shin (Shu-kongo-shin)' (Buddhist guardian deity) were enshrined as Kyoji, Attendant figures, of the principal image, Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion).", "ja": "滋賀・石山寺には、本尊・如意輪観音の両脇侍として「金剛蔵王像」と「執金剛神像」が安置されていた。" }
{ "en": "According to Shoso-in Monjo (documents of Shoso-in (Treasure Repository)), these statues were made in 762 and the names of both Kyoji were 'Shinno' (God-King), so that the name of 'Kongo Zao' was seen in a record from the Heian period for the first time.", "ja": "これらの像は、正倉院文書によれば天平宝字6年（762）制作されたものであるが、正倉院文書には両脇侍の名称を「神王」としており、「金剛蔵王」の名称は平安時代の記録に初めて現れる。" }
{ "en": "The original of these statues does not exist now but Shingi (a wooden core) of the 'Kongo Zao statue' still exists, and its figure with the right hand and right leg high up is similar to later Zao Gongen statues.", "ja": "これらの像のオリジナルは現存していないが、「金剛蔵王像」の塑像の心木が現存しており、右手と右脚を高く上げた姿は、後世の蔵王権現像と似ている。" }
{ "en": "Bronze Plaque with Line-engraved Zao Gongen' (in Soji-ji Temple of Nishiarai-taishi Shrine, Tokyo Prefecture) (National Treasure) which was excavated at Yoshino, is a bronze plaque with line-engraved Buddhas including Zao Gongen and has an inscription of 1001, so that it is suggested that the iconography of Zao Gongen had been established before around this time.", "ja": "吉野から出土した、国宝の「鋳銅刻画蔵王権現像」（東京・西新井大師総持寺蔵）は、銅板に線刻で蔵王権現などの諸仏を表わしたもので、長保3年（1001）銘があり、この頃までには蔵王権現の図像も確立していたことがわかる。" }
{ "en": "According to the theory of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, it was considered to be the same god as the Emperor Ankan, so that at the time of separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji period, many shrines which had enshrined Zao Gongen other than Head Temple Kinpusen-ji Temple determined the Emperor Ankan as Saishin, an enshrined deity.", "ja": "神仏習合の教説では安閑天皇と同一の神格とされたため、明治時代の神仏分離の際には、本山である金峯山寺以外の蔵王権現を祀っていた神社では祭神を安閑天皇としたところも多い。" }
{ "en": "In addition, the Zao Mountain Range, a member of the one hundred biggest mountains of Japan, which lie on the border between Yamagata Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, has been the subject of mountain worship from ancient times so that mountaineering ascetics who believed in Shinto-Buddhist amalgamation of Kukai, came to practice ascetic training around the middle of the Heian period.", "ja": "なお、山形県と宮城県の県境にある日本百名山の蔵王連峰は、古くからの山岳信仰の対象であり、平安時代中頃には空海の両部神道を唱える修験者が修行するようになった。" }
{ "en": "The name originated from the fact that Zao Gongen was transferred from Zao-do in Yoshino and enshrined in both Kattadake-jinja Shrine on the top of Mt. Zao and Kattamine-jinja Shrine at the foot.", "ja": "吉野の蔵王堂より蔵王権現を勧請してもらい、蔵王山頂にある刈田岳神社と、麓の刈田嶺神社に併置したところから名前の由来がきている。" }
{ "en": "It is said that Kattamine-jinja Shrine was a temple literally named Kinpusen-ji Temple of Shugen-do which was a mixture of Shinto and Buddhism before the Exclusion of Buddhism in the Meiji period.", "ja": "刈田嶺神社は、明治の廃仏毀釈以前は神仏混淆の修験道の金峯山寺という文字通り寺であったという。" }
{ "en": "In addition, it is said that Zao Gongen of Kattadake-jinja Shrine and Kattamine-jinja Shrine face to Kinpusen-ji Temple of Mt. Omine and Mt. Yoshino.", "ja": "なお刈田岳、刈田嶺神社の蔵王権現は、大峰、吉野山金峯山寺に向かって鎮座しているという。" }
{ "en": "Going further into the past, the following theory has become influential recently.", "ja": "さらに遡ると次の見解も近年有力説とされる。" }
{ "en": "The origin of 'Zao Gongen' is appeared that the Emperor Jinmu, considered as the first emperor, subverted Yamato (Wakoku) and Nagasune-hiko, the king of Yamato, was killed then Abi-hiko, his brother, escaped to Tohoku to establish the Tohoku Dynasty and enshrine Nagasune-hiko.", "ja": "第一代天皇とされる神武によって滅ぼされた大和(倭国)の王、ナガスネ彦が殺され兄の安日彦(アビ彦)が東北に逃れ連合体として東北王朝を築き、ナガスネ彦を祀ったのが「蔵王権現」の発祥とみられる。" }
{ "en": "It supports the theory that the flower of bamboo hat for Hanagasa-odori in Yamagata Prefecture is 'cherry' and it is originally a festival to celebrate 'Zao Gongen' and that the sacred tree for Zao faith is 'cherry.'", "ja": "山形県の花笠踊の笠の花が「桜」であり本来「蔵王権現」をお祭りする行事である事や蔵王信仰の御神木が「桜」であることも、この説を裏付ける根拠ともなっている。" }
{ "en": "If we search around Mt. Zao or its northern area carefully, a lot of 'Zao Gongen' can still be seen even now, such as a wooden historical Zao Gongen statue with a height of 4 meters enshrined and hidden in a warehouse.", "ja": "蔵王山周辺や以北を丁寧に探すと、4メーターにもおよぶ木造の歴史ある蔵王権現が蔵の中にひっそりと祀られていたり、現在でもかなりの数の「蔵王権現」が存在する。" }
{ "en": "Kimpusen-ji Temple (Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture) - the standing wooden statues of Zao Gongen (important cultural properties)", "ja": "金峯山寺（奈良県吉野郡）-木造蔵王権現立像（重要文化財）" }
{ "en": "Features of Zao Gongen statues are similar to those of Myo (warlike and wrathful deities) statues of Esoteric Buddhism, and they usually show Funnu-so (an angry expression, boiling with anger), lifting the right hand and right leg high up and putting the left hand on the hip.", "ja": "蔵王権現の像容は密教の明王像と類似しており、激しい忿怒相で、怒髪天を衝き、右手と右脚を高く上げ、左手は腰に当てるのを通例とする。" }
{ "en": "The most obvious characteristic from the point of view of iconography is to lift the right leg high up so that the whole statue is supported only by the left leg.", "ja": "図像上のもっとも顕著な特色は右脚を高く上げることで、このため、彫像の場合は左脚1本で像全体を支えることになる。" }
{ "en": "(There is also a statue with both feet on the ground such as the statue at Koryu-ji Temple in Kyoto Prefecture).", "ja": "（京都・広隆寺像のように両足を地に付けている像もある。）" }
{ "en": "The principal image at Oku-no-in of Sanbutsu-ji Temple (Nageire-do) in Tottori Prefecture (Heian period, important cultural property) is one of the representative works.", "ja": "代表作例としては、鳥取県・三仏寺奥院（投入堂）の本尊像（平安時代、重文）が挙げられる。" }
{ "en": "Hachibushu or Tenryu Hachibushu refers to eight deities who guard Buddhism.", "ja": "八部衆（はちぶしゅう）または天龍八部衆（てんりゅうはちぶしゅう）は、仏法を守護する8神。" }
{ "en": "The ancient Indian gods such as the fierce god, the war god, the music god and the animal god, before the dissemination of Buddhism, came to believe in Buddhism and transformed to Goho zenjin (good deities protecting dharma).", "ja": "仏教が流布する以前の古代インドの鬼神、戦闘神、音楽神、動物神などが仏教に帰依し、護法善神となったものである。" }
{ "en": "Summary", "ja": "概要" }
{ "en": "Hachibushu means eight species.", "ja": "八部衆とは8つの種族という意味である。" }
{ "en": "For this, there are various theories.", "ja": "これにはいくつかの説がある。" }
{ "en": "Usually it means the following eight deities based on mainly 'Sharihotsumon-kyo Sutra,' and 'Hoke-kyo Sutra' and 'Konkomyo Saisho-kyo Sutra' as well; Tenbushu (Deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of the six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), Ryushu (Pre-Buddhist snake or dragon deities), Yashashu (a class of semi divine usually considered to be of a benevolent and inoffensive disposition but sometimes also classed with malignant spirits), Kendatsubashu (Gandharva), Karurashu (Garuda), Kinnarashu (Kinnara) and Makoragashu (Mahoraga).", "ja": "通常に用いられるのは「舎利弗問経」を基本に、「法華経」や「金光明最勝王経」などの説により、天部衆、龍衆、夜叉衆、乾闥婆衆、阿修羅衆、迦楼羅衆、緊那羅衆、摩睺羅伽衆の8つを指す。" }
{ "en": "However, the names of the famous Hachibushu statues of Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara Prefecture are different from those above, and according to the temple legend, they are called Gobujo, Sakara (Shagara), Kuhanda, Kendatsuba, Ashura, Karura, Kinnara and Hibakara.", "ja": "ただし、奈良・興福寺の著名な八部衆像の各像の名称は上述のものと異なり、寺伝では五部浄、沙羯羅（さから、しゃがら）、鳩槃荼（くはんだ）、乾闥婆、阿修羅、迦楼羅、緊那羅、畢婆迦羅（ひばから）と呼ばれている。" }
{ "en": "In addition, Hachibukishu (eight fierce gods) who serve Shitenno (the Four Guardian Kings), are often confused with these Hachibushu because they have similar names to Hachibushu and some of them have the same names but they are different deities basically.", "ja": "なお、四天王に仕える八部鬼衆は、これらの八部衆と名称も類似し一部重複するので間違われやすいが基本的に異なる。" }
{ "en": "Incidentally, Hachibukishu include Kendatsuba, Bishaja, Kuhanda, Heireita, Naga, Futanna, Yasha and Rasetsu (Rakshasa).", "ja": "ちなみに八部鬼衆は、乾闥婆・毘舎闍・鳩槃荼・薛茘多・那伽（龍）・富單那・夜叉・羅刹の名を挙げる。" }
{ "en": "In Jobon (chapter 1, Introductory) of Hoke-kyo Sutra, the names of these Hachibushu are seen as 'nonhuman entities' in addition to 'humans' such as Biku (Buddhist priest), Bikuni (female Buddhist disciple), Ubasoku (upasaka) and Ubai (upasika) (devout men and women lay follower of Buddhism) as the audience.", "ja": "法華経の序品（じょぼん）には、聴衆として比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷（出家在家の男女）などの「人」のほかに、この八部衆を「非人」として名が連ねられている。" }
{ "en": "Ten, Deva", "ja": "天（Deva、てん）" }
{ "en": "It is an inclusive term of so-called 'Tenbu' (deities of Buddhism) such as Bonten (Brahma, a major Hindu deity thought to be responsible for creating the world) and Taishakuten (Sakra devanam Indra).", "ja": "梵天、帝釈天をはじめとする、いわゆる「天部」の神格の総称。" }
{ "en": "It means six heavens of Yokkai (the realm of desire), four dhyana heavens of Shikikai (the realm of form) and Shikushoten (four realms of the world of formlessness) of Mushikikai (the realm of non-form).", "ja": "欲界の六天、色界の四禅天、無色界の四空処天のこと。" }
{ "en": "It has the meaning of light, nature, purity, freedom and superiority.", "ja": "光明・自然・清浄・自在・最勝の義を有す。" }
{ "en": "It is an inclusive term of Tens in ancient India.", "ja": "古代インドにおける諸天の総称。" }
{ "en": "It is an organizer of all things in heaven and the earth.", "ja": "天地万物の主宰者。" }
{ "en": "Dragon (Naga)", "ja": "龍（Naga、りゅう）" }
{ "en": "It is an inclusive term of species called 'dragon' or 'king dragon.'", "ja": "「竜」、「竜王」などと称される種族の総称。" }
{ "en": "It is a deity transformed from a snake and is considered to live in water and bring forth clouds and rain.", "ja": "蛇を神格化したもので、水中に棲み、雲や雨をもたらすとされる。" }
{ "en": "In addition, it was the king dragon who gave affusion at the time of the birth of Shakyamuni.", "ja": "また、釈尊の誕生の際、灌水したのも竜王であった。" }
{ "en": "It has a human face and human body with a figure of a dragon on the crown.", "ja": "人面人形で冠上に龍形を表す。" }
{ "en": "Yasha (Yaksa)", "ja": "夜叉（Yaksa）" }
{ "en": "It shows the evil fierce gods of ancient India, who came to believe in Buddhism and became Goho Zenshin (good deities protecting dharma).", "ja": "古代インドの悪鬼神の類を指すが、仏法に帰依して護法善神となったもの。" }
{ "en": "They fly in the air.", "ja": "空中を飛行する。" }

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