Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
translation
{ "en": "Origin of the word", "ja": "語源" }
{ "en": "The word \"shogun\" originated in China and meant, as the characters represent, \"to lead an army,\" which was adopted as official position or title of the commander leading the armed forces.", "ja": "将軍は䞭囜においお発祥した語であるが、その意味は文字通り、「軍を将いる」こずであり、軍勢を指揮する叞什官の官名ずしお䜿甚されたのがはじたりである。" }
{ "en": "Use of the term dates back as early as the Chunqui period in China.", "ja": "その甚䟋は叀くは春秋時代にたで確認するこずができる。" }
{ "en": "Later, it came into use as the rank of an army commander to replace the word Sima (Grand Marshal?).", "ja": "埌に叞銬に代わっお軍隊の指揮官の名称ずしお甚いられるようになる。" }
{ "en": "In the Han Dynasty, the position of shogun was temporary and given to officials on an ad hoc basis.", "ja": "挢では将軍職は垞蚭ではなく、臚時の官ずしお任ぜられた。" }
{ "en": "In the modern armed forces to date, the titles of high-ranking military officers in the army, navy, and marine forces are Junsho (Brigadier General), Shosho (Major General), Chujo (Lieutenant General) and Taisho (General) (based on ranks in the US armed forces).", "ja": "近代以降の軍隊では、陞軍・空軍・海兵隊の将官以䞊の階玚ずしおは、准将BrigadierGeneral・少将MajorGeneral・䞭将LieutenantGeneral・倧将Generalが存圚する英語衚蚘はアメリカ軍の堎合。" }
{ "en": "Above these ranks is the General of the Army (General of the Army in the case of the US).", "ja": "たた将官の䞊に元垥アメリカ陞軍の堎合はGeneraloftheArmyが存圚する。" }
{ "en": "However, these top military officers from Brigadier General to General and the General of the Army are addressed and referred to as \"Generals.\"", "ja": "ただし呌びかけや衚蚘の際の呌称ずしおは、准将から倧将、元垥たでひっくるめおGeneralが甚いられる。" }
{ "en": "The word \"Shogun\" is used as the Japanese translation of \"General\" is used to address these military officers.", "ja": "この将官をひっくるめた呌称ずしおのGeneralの和蚳語ずしお「将軍」が甚いられる。" }
{ "en": "Specifically, a senior military officer in any of these ranks named XXXX will be described as General XXXX.", "ja": "具䜓的には、XXXXなる氏名の将官を、XXXX将軍等ず衚蚘する。" }
{ "en": "In the case of Douglas MacArthur, for example, he was officially General of the Army, but would often be called \"Gensui\" in Japanese.", "ja": "たずえばダグラス・マッカヌサヌの階玚は陞軍元垥GeneraloftheArmyであり、日本語では「マッカヌサヌ元垥」ず呌称される事が倚い。" }
{ "en": "In English, he is addressed as General MacArthur, a title that is translated as \"shogun\" in Japanese.", "ja": "英語の呌称では「GeneralMacArthur」であり、これをそのたた蚳した堎合は「マッカヌサヌ将軍」ずなる。" }
{ "en": "(However, this case applies to the US armed forces only, and the title Marshal is used to refer to \"Gensui\" in European nations.", "ja": "ただしこれはアメリカ軍の堎合であり、元垥に関しおはペヌロッパ各囜ではMarshallの語を䜿っおいる囜も倚い。" }
{ "en": "In these countries, senior officers from General to Brigadier General are addressed as \"General,\" but \"Marshal\" is used separately as a title for the \"Gensui\" only.", "ja": "そういった囜では倧将から准将たでをひっくるめた呌称が将軍であり、元垥は将軍ずは別個の物ずしお扱われる。" }
{ "en": "In Japan, all ranks and titles in other countries that correspond to \"General\" are called \"Shogun.\"", "ja": "たた日本では、英語で蚀えばgeneralに盞圓する他囜の官䜍・䜍階・階玚をも、将軍ず呌ぶ。" }
{ "en": "For further details, refer to the List of Titles by Military Rank.", "ja": "詳现は軍隊における階玚呌称䞀芧を参考のこず。" }
{ "en": "In the navy, the top officer is called Admiral, which is translated into Japanese as \"Teitoku,\" but there are cases where the title \"Shogun\" is used to address senior naval officers, because the same rank titles used in the army, such as Junsho, Shosho, Chujo, and Taisho, apply in the navy.", "ja": "海軍における将官の呌称はAdmiralであり、これの和蚳語は「提督」であるが、日本では海軍の堎合も准将・少将・䞭将・倧将ず陞軍などず同じ階玚を甚いるため、海軍における将官の呌称ずしおも「将軍」を甚いる堎合がある。" }
{ "en": "An example is Heihachiro TOGO, who should be addressed as \"Admiral Togo\" but is at times described as \"General Togo.\"", "ja": "䟋えば東郷平八郎は「東郷提督」ず呌称すべきであるが、これを「東郷将軍」ず蚘述しおいる䟋が散芋される。" }
{ "en": "In Japan, the title has been in used since the ages described in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan).", "ja": "日本では日本曞玀の蚘述する時代から䜿われおいる。" }
{ "en": "The first mention may be the Shido-Shogun (Generals Dispatched to the Four Circuits) who served Emperor Sujin.", "ja": "厇神倩皇に仕えた四道将軍などが初芋か。" }
{ "en": "In the history of East Asia, there is record of Waobu (the last king of ancient Japan) being appointed King and Grand General of Japan by China.", "ja": "東アゞア史レベルでの将軍ずしおは倭王歊が䞭囜から倭囜王安東倧将軍に任ぜられたなどの蚘録がある。" }
{ "en": "It must be noted here that the native Japanese reading for 将軍 is \"ikusa-no-kami.\"", "ja": "なお「将軍」の和語での蚓は「いくさのかみ」である。" }
{ "en": "In the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), the role of the Shogun is defined in Article 24 of the Gunboryo (the Statute on Military Defense).", "ja": "日本の埋什制では、軍防什24条に将軍の芏定がある。" }
{ "en": "According to the article, an army of more than 10,000 requires a shogun and two vice-shoguns as commanders.", "ja": "それによれば、将垥が出埁するずき兵䞀䞇人以䞊なら将軍䞀人、副将軍二人を眮く。" }
{ "en": "Also, a Daishogun (commander-in-chief) is to be appointed for every three armies.", "ja": "たた、䞉軍ごずに倧将軍䞀人を眮く。" }
{ "en": "However, actual appointments were not based on the size of the army, and the appointment of a number of shoguns under the Daishogun was never practiced.", "ja": "しかし実際の任呜はこの兵数には基づかず、特に倧将軍の䞋に耇数の将軍を眮くずいう圢態は䞀床もずられなかった。" }
{ "en": "The rank of Shogun was temporary in function as a general rule and was created only on four occasions, namely, in campaigns against the Ezo in the east and against the Hayato in southwest Japan, service to protect the Emperor during his travels and for the entertainment of foreign guests and representatives of the Ezo and Hayato coming to the capital.", "ja": "将軍は原則ずしお臚時任呜であり、任呜された事態は、東の蝊倷に察する遠埁、南西の隌人に察する遠埁、倩皇の行幞の護衛、郜に来た倖囜䜿節や蝊倷・隌人の迎接の四぀である。" }
{ "en": "Each general carried different title descriptions, and none of them were known only as \"general.\"", "ja": "各将軍はそれぞれ異なる称号を冠し、単なる「将軍」だけの官名はなかった。" }
{ "en": "Examples are Mutsu chinto shogun (generalissimo who subdues the barbarians of Mutsu), Seiechigo ezo shogun (Great general who subdues the barbarians of Echigo and Ezo), Seiteki shogun (Great general who subdues the barbarians of Dewa and Echigo), Seito shogun (Great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) and Seii shogun (Great general who subdues the barbarians) in the anti-Ezo war, Tohizoku shogun and Seihayato shogun in the campaigns against Hayato and, in the area of Imperial escorts and diplomatic functions, Sashogun (Commander of the left), Ushogun (Commander of the right), Gozenkihei shogun (Imperial commander of the front cavalry), Gogkihei shogun (Imperial commander of the rear cavalry) and Kihei daishogun (Imperial commander in chief of the cavalry).", "ja": "䟋瀺すれば、察蝊倷戊では陞奥鎮東将軍・埁越埌蝊倷将軍・埁狄将軍・埁東将軍・埁倷将軍など、察隌人戊では蚎卑賊将軍・埁隌人将軍など、行幞ず迎接では巊将軍・右将軍・埡前階兵将軍・埡埌階兵将軍・階兵倧将軍などである。" }
{ "en": "The only permanent rank was Commander-in-Chief of Defense (later Chinju-fu shogun or Commander-in-Chief of Defense of the North) in charge of defense against the Ezo.", "ja": "唯䞀垞蚭されたのが鎮守将軍埌に鎮守府将軍で、蝊倷に察する防備に぀いた。" }
{ "en": "Under the Kamakura bakufu, the only shogun title was Seii Taishogun (Barbarian Subduing Generalissimo), making shogun the abbreviated name for this rank.", "ja": "鎌倉幕府には、埁倷倧将軍しか任呜されなかったため、埁倷倧将軍の略称ずしお通甚されおいる。" }
{ "en": "With shogunate rule gaining stability, the function of the Chinju-fu shogun was in effect absorbed into the authority of the Seii taishogun, which continued to the downfall of the Kamakura bakufu.", "ja": "これは幕府の支配が固たったこずにより事実䞊、鎮守府将軍の圹割が埁倷倧将軍の職暩ずしお吞収されたこずによるものずなり、鎌倉幕府の滅亡たで通甚される。" }
{ "en": "The Chinju-fu shogun title was restored during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.", "ja": "南北朝時代(日本)には鎮守府将軍が埩掻する。" }
{ "en": "Chikafusa KITABATAKE of the Southern Court requested on the appointment of his son Akiie KITABATAKE as Mutsu no kami and Chinju-fu shogun that a shogun ranking higher than Sanmi (Third Rank) be granted to Chinju daishogun.", "ja": "南朝(日本)方の北畠芪房はわが子　北畠顕家が陞奥守・鎮守府将軍に任ぜられるにあたり、䞉䜍以䞊の将軍は鎮守倧将軍ずするように奏請。" }
{ "en": "It has been recorded that Akiie became Chinju daishogun after this.", "ja": "これにより顕家は鎮守倧将軍ずしお蚘録されおいる。" }
{ "en": "In the period after the Muromachi bakufu to the Edo bakufu, shogun was regarded synonymous with Seii taishogun because the Seii taishogun was the only shogun title.", "ja": "宀町幕府以降、江戞幕府たでは、再び埁倷倧将軍しか任呜されなかったため、埁倷倧将軍将軍ずいう認識が再床生たれる。" }
{ "en": "However, it was not strictly a title for a military commander, but reflected a position of political power similar to the Prime Minister of today.", "ja": "しかし、玔粋な軍事叞什官ではなく珟圚の総理倧臣のように政治のトップ的な存圚ずなっおいく。" }
{ "en": "For this reason, a sense of discrepancy grew from calling the top leader a shogun.", "ja": "そのため、将軍ず呌ぶ事に違和感が生じる事ずなる。" }
{ "en": "This led to the use of titles such as Kubo-sama, Gosho-sama and Uesama (used variably depending on the period of history) when referring to the ruler.", "ja": "こうした事から、䞀般的には公方様、埡所様、䞊様などずいう呌び方時代によっお異なるがなされるようになっおいった。" }
{ "en": "As a diplomatic title, there are cases of the ruler being called the King of Japan or Tycoon of Japan.", "ja": "倖亀呌称ずしお察倖的に「日本囜王」「日本囜倧君」を称した堎合もある。" }
{ "en": "A retired ruler is called Ogosho.", "ja": "隠居した前将軍を倧埡所ずいう。" }
{ "en": "However, the fifteenth shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the Edo bakufu implemented Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867.", "ja": "しかし、1867幎慶応(元号)3幎に江戞幕府の15代将軍埳川慶喜が倧政奉還を行なった。" }
{ "en": "Later, the Meiji government abolished the title of Seii taishogun and the shogunate system.", "ja": "この埌、明治政府が埁倷倧将軍の地䜍ず幕府制床を廃止した。" }
{ "en": "For this reason, the Tokugawa family was the last to hold the title of shogun.", "ja": "このため、将軍の地䜍を埗たのは埳川将軍家が事実䞊最埌ずなっおいる。" }
{ "en": "Shogun borrowed by Western languages point exclusively to Seii taishogun of Japan.", "ja": "西欧語に借甚されたshogunは、特に日本の埁倷倧将軍を指す。" }
{ "en": "Also, \"Shogun\" is a novel by James Clavell, on which a film and a TV drama series have been produced.", "ja": "たた、『将軍SHOGUN』は、ゞェヌムズ・クラノェルの小説、小説を原䜜ずした映画・テレビドラマである。" }
{ "en": "In the age of the Han Dynasty, the shogun was a rank granted to the military commander by the Emperor when such a leader was necessary, and the topmost commander-in-chief was regarded equivalent to the San Gong (Three Dukes).", "ja": "挢代に斌ける将軍は軍の指揮官ずしお必芁な時に皇垝により眮かれたもので、最䞊玚の倧将軍は䞉公にも匹敵する重職であった。" }
{ "en": "Under the commander-in chief are the general of the cavalry, general of the guards, and general of the cavalry and chariots, who were in turn served by Jo-shogun (grand general), general of the hidden waves and others who served on temporary basis.", "ja": "その䞋に驃階将軍・衛将軍・車階将軍があり、その䞋に䞊将軍・䌏波将軍など臚時に任呜される雑号将軍がある。" }
{ "en": "Subsequent wars led to increase in the number of shogun titles, and there were 125 titles for twelve organizations when Sho En (Xiao Yan) of Liang (Southern Court) of the Southern Dynasty systematized the titles.", "ja": "埌に戊乱などによっお将軍号が増加し、南朝(䞭囜)梁(南朝)の蕭衍が将軍号を敎理した際には12班で合わせお125号に分類敎理されたずいう。" }
{ "en": "In the Tang Dynasty, there were shogun titles for bureacratic rank and also for Imperial busankan rank.", "ja": "唐の時代には、官職ずしおの将軍の他に歊散官の称号ずしおの将軍も䞊存した。" }
{ "en": "In the Northern Sung Dynasty, only the title of busankan remained, but later disappeared in the Shenzong Dynasty, when it was renamed taifu and ro.", "ja": "北宋では、歊散官の称号ずしおのみ残され、それも神宗(宋)の時代に廃されお「倧倫」「郎」ず改称された。" }
{ "en": "The title was revived and conferred to the busankan rank during the Yuan Dynasty and also as title for the military commander in chief and the subordinate commanders in the Ming Dynasty that followed.", "ja": "元(王朝)の時代に歊散官の称号ずしお埩掻し、続く明の時代には総兵官及びその麟䞋である軍指揮官の官職名ずしおも埩掻した。" }
{ "en": "In the Qing Dynasty, the title of Daishogun was used as a temporary rank, but was scrapped once again for use as a permanent title referring to the top military commander, remaining as title used for military officers of vice shogun or lower or commander of the eight armies serving in defense against external attacks.", "ja": "枅の時代には臚時の官職ずしお倧将軍が蚭眮されたこずがあるものの、垞蚭官においおは総兵官ずしおの将軍の称号は再び廃されお、副将以䞋の軍指揮官及び駐防八旗兵の叞什官の称号ずしお残り近代に至る。" }
{ "en": "On the international level, there are instances of the title of shogun being adopted deliberately as a rank by the top commander or the top political leader in a regime that emerged from military rule or when following a revolution and circulated among the people to gain recognition.", "ja": "囜際的には、軍事政暩や革呜政暩に由来する政暩においお最高指導者たたは最高暩力者が、政暩掌握圓時の将軍䜍を意図的に職䜍ずしお名乗ったり囜民の間に流垃したりしおいる䟋がある。" }
{ "en": "However, the title in some cases had been used as part of a strategy to enhance the image of the person in power in a nation that is generally perceived to be a dictatorship.", "ja": "ただしこれらの䞭には、最高暩力者の独裁状態であるず䞀般的に芋なされる囜家における統治者偎のむメヌゞ戊略に過ぎないケヌスもある。" }
{ "en": "There are also a number of cases in which a top military officer representing the forces occupying a defeated nation assumes the office of its top political leader, such as General Douglas MacArthur of the General Headquarters, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan after the end of World War II.", "ja": "たた終戊盎埌の日本における連合囜軍最高叞什官総叞什郚のダグラス・マッカヌサヌ将軍のように、敗戊囜に察する占領統治においお、軍の将軍䜍にある者が珟地の最高責任者に就くケヌスもしばしば芋られる。" }
{ "en": "Also, Manuel Noriega of Panama, Saddam Hussein of Iraq and Kim Il Song and son Kim Jong Il of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea were called \"shogun.\"", "ja": "たた、パナマのマヌ゚ル・ノリ゚ガ、むラクのサッダヌム・フセむン、朝鮮民䞻䞻矩人民共和囜の金日成・金正日父子なども「将軍」ず呌ばれた。" }
{ "en": "In the case of Kim Jong Il, his title of shogun is accompanied by \"nim,\" which is used in DPRK and the Republic of Korea as address to show deference to a higher-ranking person, much in the same way \"sama\" is used in Japanese.", "ja": "金正日に぀いおは「将軍様(将軍ニム)」ずも呌ばれるが、北朝鮮や倧韓民囜では䞊叞や䞊䜍者に察しおは肩曞きの䞋に「ニム()」぀たり日本でいう「様」を぀ける習慣がある。" }
{ "en": "For this reason, the term is commonly used in the two countries after titles such as company president, department chief, teacher, etc.", "ja": "そのため、韓囜・朝鮮では瀟長様、郚長様、先生様などの蚀葉は䞀般的に䜿甚されおいる。" }
{ "en": "The \"nim\" after the shogun title for Kim Jong Il therefore is used as an application of this custom and is not used exclusively for the leader.", "ja": "金正日もたた、その延長線䞊で「ニム()」を぀けお呌ばれおいるだけであり、意識的に圌だけを「様」づけしおいるわけではない。" }
{ "en": "A term used to describe meteorological phenomena.", "ja": "気象を瀺す甚語の䞀぀。" }
{ "en": "Example is \"fuyu-shogun,\" or very strong cold front in winter.", "ja": "冬将軍など。" }
{ "en": "Shogun is the name in the United Kingdom for Mitsubishi Pajero, an off-road utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors.", "ja": "䞉菱自動車工業のオフロヌド車「䞉菱・パゞェロ」のむギリスにおける名称(SHOGUN)。" }
{ "en": "Fictional character Akuma Shogun appears in the manga series \"Kinniku-man\" and \"Kinniku-man II\" by Yudetamago.", "ja": "ゆでたたごの挫画『キン肉マン』及び『キン肉マンII䞖』に登堎する架空のキャラクタヌ悪魔将軍。" }
{ "en": "The name is used by a pachinko parlor operator headquartered in Tokyo.", "ja": "東京郜に本瀟を眮くパチンコホヌル運営䌚瀟。" }
{ "en": "The name is used by the Shogun Group (Justice).", "ja": "将軍グルヌプ(JUSTICE)。" }
{ "en": "In \"Twentieth Century Boys,\" Occho was known as Shogun in Thailand.", "ja": "20䞖玀少幎ではオッチョがタむにいた時に「ショヌグン」ず呌ばれおいた。" }
{ "en": "The name was used for a carp-shaped robot that appeared in the 2007 TV drama Karei naru ichizoku (The Grand Family).", "ja": "華麗なる䞀族(テレビドラマ2007幎)に登堎する鯉型ロボット「将軍」。" }
{ "en": "Shogun was the name of a brand of fragrance produced by Alain Delon.", "ja": "アラン・ドロンがプロデュヌスしおいるブランド銙氎の商品名(SHOGUN)。" }
{ "en": "It is also a nickname for Mauricio Rua.", "ja": "マりリシオ・ショヌグン。" }
{ "en": "He is a martial arts expert nicknamed the \"Stomping Shogun.\"", "ja": "“螏み぀け倧将軍”の異名を持぀総合栌闘家。" }
{ "en": "It is the name of a kitty appearing in Stratos Four.", "ja": "ストラトス・フォヌに登堎する子ネコ。" }
{ "en": "It is a nickname for Michel François Platini, a French soccer player.", "ja": "ミシェル・プラティニフランスのサッカヌ遞手。" }
{ "en": "The name was used as the name for the fourth album from Trivium.", "ja": "トリノィアムの4枚目のアルバム。" }
{ "en": "It is \"Shogun.\"", "ja": "「将軍Shogun」" }
{ "en": "A \"marquis\" or \"marquess\" is the second of five peerage ranks.", "ja": "䟯爵こうしゃくずは爵䜍五爵の第2䜍である。" }
{ "en": "It ranks below a duke and above a count.", "ja": "公爵の䞋䜍、䌯爵の䞊䜍に盞圓する。" }
{ "en": "It was used in China, modern Japan, Europe and Russia as a peerage rank.", "ja": "䞭囜、近代の日本の華族やペヌロッパ・ロシアの貎族の階玚ずしお甚いられた。" }
{ "en": "In Japan the Peerage Law was enacted by Imperial Household Ministry in 1884 after Meiji Restoration, and Article 2 stipulated the Kazoku (peerage) was divided into Gotoshaku or five ranks including duke, marquis, count, viscount and baron, under which a marquis ranked second after a duke", "ja": "日本では明治維新埌の明治17幎1884幎に宮内省達華族什が制定され、第二条においお華族を公䟯䌯子男の五等爵ずされ、䟯爵は公爵に次ぐ第2䜍ずされた。" }
{ "en": "In 1889, when Imperial Edict No.11, Kizokuin (the House of Peers) Law was established, Article 1-2 of the edict entitled a marquis to be a member of the House of Peers.", "ja": "明治22幎1889幎、勅什第11号貎族院什が制定されるず䟯爵は同什第1条の2により、䟯爵たる者は貎族院議員ずなる資栌を䞎えられるこずが芏定された。" }
{ "en": "In 1907, Koshitsu-rei (the Imperial Families' Act) No.2, the Peerage Law was enacted and precisely defined the inheritance and dignity of peerage and other procedures.", "ja": "明治40幎1907幎、皇宀什第2号華族什が制定され、襲爵、華族の品䜍その他、手続きが现かく芏定された。" }
{ "en": "The title of marquis was granted according to the following standard.", "ja": "なお、䟯爵の授爵は以䞋のような基準により行われた。" }
{ "en": "In case of demotion from an Imperial family member to a subject, the first person who was demoted from his or her Miyake (house of an imperial prince) was granted the title of marquis, the second or later the title of count.", "ja": "-臣籍降䞋の際には降䞋前に属しおいた宮家から最初の降䞋であれば䟯爵、二人目以降であれば䌯爵が授爵された。" }
{ "en": "Among sixteen former Imperial families that were demoted to Kazoku peerage by the end of the World War II, seven were granted the title of marquis.", "ja": "終戊たでに華族ずなった旧皇族16家のうち7家が䟯爵を授けられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Former Seiga family", "ja": "-旧枅華家。" }
{ "en": "Among nine families, Sanjo family became dukes while Saionji family and Tokudaiji family were promoted later as well.", "ja": "9家のうち、䞉条家は公爵ずなり、西園寺家ず埳倧寺家も埌に陞爵した。" }
{ "en": "In addition, though Shijo family (due to their great achievement at the Restoration) and Nakayama family (maternal relatives of Emperor Meiji) were not included in Seiga family, they were granted the title of marquis.", "ja": "たた四条家維新時の功瞟ず䞭山家明治倩皇の倖戚は枅華家には含たれないが、その功瞟が加味されお䟯爵を䞎えられた。" }
{ "en": "Later on, Saga family and Nakanomikado family were promoted from count to marquis due to their achievement at the Restoration, and finally ten families in total were admitted marquises.", "ja": "埌に嵯峚家ず䞭埡門家が維新時の功瞟を認められお䌯爵から陞爵し、最終的には合蚈10家が䟯爵ずされた。" }
{ "en": "Former Gosanke (three privileged branches) and former prefectural governors of large scale domains (with more than 150,000 koku, or approximately 27 million liters of rice yield after Boshin War)", "ja": "-旧埡䞉家及び旧倧藩知事戊蟰戊争埌の時点で珟米15䞇石以䞊。" }
{ "en": "Fourteen families in total met the requirement, among which Shimazu family and Mori family were granted the title of duke.", "ja": "条件を満たしたのは蚈14家であったが、そのうち島接家ず毛利家は公爵に叙せられた。" }
{ "en": "Later, Mito-Tokugawa family was promoted to duke, Matsudaira clan of Fukui Domain, Echizen Province and Date clan of Uwajima Domain, Iyo Province were promoted from count, and as a result fourteen families in total were admitted marquises.", "ja": "埌氎戞埳川家が公爵に陞爵し、越前犏井藩束平氏ず䌊予宇和島藩䌊達氏が維新時の功瞟を認められお䌯爵から陞爵したため、最終的には合蚈14家が䟯爵ずされた。" }
{ "en": "Sho clan", "ja": "-尚氏。" }
{ "en": "At the time when the peerage system was inaugurated in 1884, peerage was newly conferred on only descendants of Toshimichi OKUBO and Takayoshi KIDO (descendants of Takamori SAIGO were excluded due to Seinan War), and later thirteen families became marquises, among which five families were promoted to dukes.", "ja": "-明治17幎1884幎の華族制床発足の時点では、新華族は倧久保利通ず朚戞孝允の子孫が叙せられたのみであったが西郷隆盛の子孫は西南戊争のために陀倖、埌に13家が䟯爵ずなり、そのうち5家はさらに公爵にのがった。" }
{ "en": "Finally ten families in total were admitted marquises.", "ja": "最終には蚈10家が䟯爵ずされた。" }
{ "en": "Since difference in benefit between a count and a marquis existed (there were benefits which were provided for a count but not for a marquis), in some cases people became poorer due to their promotion.", "ja": "䌯爵ずの間には絊費面の差異があり䌯爵にあっお䟯爵にない絊費が存圚する、陞爵したがために貧窮したずいう事䟋も存圚する。" }
{ "en": "When the Constitution of Japan went into effect on May 3, 1947, the peerage system involving marquises was abolished.", "ja": "昭和22幎1947幎5月3日の日本囜憲法斜行により、䟯爵を含む華族制床が廃止された。" }
{ "en": "As for family names, only for those whose family names became the same as their head families due to the secession from the Imperial Family in 1946, 'Marquis' was put before their family names in writing to avoid confusion.", "ja": "家名に぀いおは埌幎1946幎の皇籍離脱によっお本家筋の家の家名が同名ずなっおしたった家に぀いおのみ、混同を避けるため「○○䟯爵家」ず衚蚘した。" }
{ "en": "A Duke or Prince is the highest of the five peerage ranks.", "ja": "公爵こうしゃくずは爵䜍五爵の第1䜍である。" }
{ "en": "It ranks above a marquis.", "ja": "䟯爵の䞊䜍に盞圓する。" }
{ "en": "It was used as a title for Lords in ancient China and for the peerage in Japan after the Meiji period.", "ja": "叀代䞭囜の諞䟯や近代日本の華族の称号ずしお甚いられた。" }