Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
translation
{ "en": "Therefore, when a bugyo-sho office moved and the relationship between the bugyo-sho office locations changed consequently, the name of the bugyo-sho office that had not moved was also changed.", "ja": "埓っお1぀の奉行所が移転されたこずによっお、各奉行所間の䜍眮関係が倉曎されるず、移転されなかった奉行所の呌称も倉曎されるこずになる。" }
{ "en": "In 1707 when a residence of a bugyo officer moved to an area within the gate of Sukiya-bashi Bridge on the southernmost side from an area within the gate of Tokiwa-bashi Bridge, the new residence became to be called the minami-bugyo-sho office due to its location.", "ja": "宝氞4幎1707幎に本来北町奉行所であった垞盀橋門内の圹宅が䞀番南偎の数寄屋橋門内に移転した際には、その堎所ゆえに南町奉行所ず呌ばれるようになった。" }
{ "en": "Then, the former minami-bugyo-sho office located in an area inside Kajiya-bashi Bridge became to be called the naka (middle)-bugyo-sho office, and the former naka-bugyo-sho office located in an area inside Gofuku-bashi Bridge became to be called the kita-bugyo-sho office.", "ja": "埓来鍛冶橋内にあった南町奉行所が䞭町奉行所に、同じく呉服橋門内にあった䞭町奉行所が北町奉行所ずなった。" }
{ "en": "For a short period between August of 1702 and January of 1719, the naka-machi-bugyo-sho office was introduced as well.", "ja": "1702幎元犄15幎閏8月-1719幎享保4幎1月ずいう短い間ではあるが䞭町奉行所ずいうものも蚭眮された。" }
{ "en": "It is not clear why the office was introduced and what its job was, but it is said that the office was established to support the kita- and minami-machi-bugyo-sho offices.", "ja": "蚭眮された理由や職務内容はあたり定かではないが、南北町奉行所の補助圹ずしお蚭眮されたずされる。" }
{ "en": "Entering the Meiji period, the bugyo-sho offices were destroyed, but stone monuments have been built in the site where the kita-machi-bugyo-sho office is said to have been located (around on the north side of Yaesu-guchi Exit, Tokyo Station) and where the minami-machi-bugyo-sho office is said to have been located (around Marion in Yurakucho).", "ja": "明治以降、奉行所は取り壊されおしたったが、北町東京駅八重掲口北偎付近・南町有楜町マリオン付近の䞡奉行所が存圚しおいたずされる堎所には、今でも石碑が建っおいる。" }
{ "en": "However, either of them is the site where it existed towards the end of the Edo period, or in 1812 and later.", "ja": "ただし、いずれも幕末期における奉行所の䜍眮を指すものであり、文化_(日本)2幎1812幎以埌に固定化された堎所に盞応しおいる。" }
{ "en": "A list of Edo machi-bugyo officers", "ja": "江戞町奉行の䞀芧" }
{ "en": "In the early Edo period, neither the kita-machi-bugyo post nor the minami-machi-bugyo posts were introduced yet, with only a bugyo post existing.", "ja": "初期は、北町・南町䞡奉行が眮かれおおらず、䞀぀の奉行で成り立っおいた。" }
{ "en": "Although it was not an official machi-bugyo post, its function was essentially the same.", "ja": "正匏な町奉行ずいう圹職ではなかったが事実䞊同じ働きを持っおいた。" }
{ "en": "The post of machi-bugyo was officially introduced when the kita-machi-bugyo post and the minami-machi-bugyo post were established..", "ja": "正匏に町奉行ずいう官職ができたのは、北南町奉行が蚭眮されおからである。" }
{ "en": "The naka-machi-bugyo post was introduced in an intermediate period, but was abolished only after assumed by five persons.", "ja": "たた、途䞭䞭町奉行ずいうものが蚭眮されたが、わずか5代で廃止された。" }
{ "en": "Kanjo bugyo was a governmental post in the Edo period and the highest accounting officer, who was in charge of finance and control of the tenryo (the areas controlled directly by the bakufu).", "ja": "勘定奉行かんじょうぶぎょうは江戞幕府の職名の䞀぀で、勘定方の最高責任者で財政や倩領支配などを叞る。" }
{ "en": "This bugyo constituted the three bugyo together with jisha-bugyo (in charge of affairs of shrines and temples) and machi-bugyo (in charge of affairs of town people), and these theree bugyo were the members of hyojosho (a conference chamber).", "ja": "寺瀟奉行・町奉行ずずもに䞉奉行の䞀぀で、共に評定所を構成した。" }
{ "en": "By the Genroku era (1688 - 1703), this post was also called kanjo-gashira (the head of accounting officers).", "ja": "元犄幎間たでは勘定頭かんじょうがしらずも称した。" }
{ "en": "In the hyojosho, law suits in Kanhasshu (the eight provinces of Kanto region) except Edo-fu were handled by the kanji bugyo.", "ja": "評定所においおは、関八州内江戞府倖の蚎蚟に぀いお担圓した。" }
{ "en": "The number of kanjo bugyo was four, and the amount of rice yields allocated to the officer was 3000 koku (approx. 180 liters/koku).", "ja": "定員は玄4人で圹高は3000石。" }
{ "en": "Placed directly under Roju (the second-highest post in the bakufu government), kanjo bugyo controlled Gundai (a post of controlling territories of the bakufu), Daikan (also a post of controlling territories of the bakufu, but the controlling area was smaller than that of Gundai), and Kurabugyo (an officer in charge of rice crop stocks of the bakufu).", "ja": "老䞭の䞋にあり、郡代・代官・蔵奉行などを支配した。" }
{ "en": "In 1698 and later, one of the kanjo bugyo officers was also in charge of Dochu-bugyo (the post in charge of road-related affairs) together with Ometsuke (the post of watching daimyo and the Imperial court).", "ja": "1698幎以降は、うち1人が倧目付ずずもに道䞭奉行を兌務した。" }
{ "en": "In 1721, the post was separated into Kattekata-kanjo-bugyo mainly dealing with finance and civil administration and Kujikata-kanjo-bugyo mainly dealing with law suit related matters.", "ja": "1721幎には財政・民政を䞻に扱う勝手方勘定奉行ず蚎蚟関連を扱う公事方勘定奉行ずにわかれた。" }
{ "en": "The job of the Kattekata post and that of the Kujikata post were totally different, though they had the same name.", "ja": "勝手方ず公事方の職務は党く別のものであり、事実䞊名称のみが共通しおいる状態であった。" }
{ "en": "Sanshuro, which literally means three high-ranking officials called Churo, were the posts established in the last days of the Toyotomi Administration, allowing those three men in the posts to participate in politics, and to mediate between Gotairo and Gobugyo when they cannot agree.", "ja": "䞉䞭老(さんちゅうろう)は豊臣政暩末期に制定された圹職で、政事に参䞎し、五倧老ず五奉行ずの意芋が合わないずきの仲裁圹であった。" }
{ "en": "They were also called Kotoshiyori.", "ja": "小幎寄ずも。" }
{ "en": "Three of Chikamasa IKOMA, Yoshiharu HORIO, and Kazuuji NAKAMURA were appointed.", "ja": "生駒芪正、堀尟吉晎、䞭村䞀氏の3名が任呜された。" }
{ "en": "Although 'Sanchuro' appears in some historical sources including 'Taikoki', it is unclear whether they really functioned or not; it is considered that they were placed temporarily, or placed as posts to give some authority to the three.", "ja": "「倪門蚘」などの史料にはでおくるが、実際に機胜したかは䞍明で、臚時職あるいは、暩嚁付けのための圹職ずも蚀われおいる。" }
{ "en": "Gobugyo indicates a system consisting of five government officials (whose duties can be called magistrate or commissioner), that mainly took charge of practical businesses of the Toyotomi Administration at the last days of the administration during the Azuchi Momoyama period.", "ja": "五奉行ごぶぎょうは安土桃山時代の豊臣政暩末期に䞻に政暩の実務を担う5人の吏僚奉行にあたる的人物を指しお呌ばれる蚀葉。" }
{ "en": "In those days, the specific name 'Gobugyo' was not used, and they were called by their posts like 'Toshiyori' and the like.", "ja": "圓時は「五奉行」などの特定の呌称は存圚せず、「幎寄」などず呌ばれおいた。" }
{ "en": "It is supposed that the Gobugyo system was established in 1585 after Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI took office of Kanpaku (\"Taikoki\" by Hoan OZE) or in 1593 when Hideyoshi established the Gotairo system in his illness.", "ja": "豊臣秀吉の関癜就任埌の1585幎倩正13幎、小瀬甫庵『倪門蚘』、あるいは1593幎に秀吉が病に際しお五倧老制の蚭眮に䌎い眮かれたず考えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "Under the Toyotomi Administration, there were a lot of figures who took charge of administrative affairs, including Yoshitsugu OTNI and Yukinaga KONISHI, and the most prominent five among them were later known as Gobugyo (five bugyo, or five commissioners or five magistrates).", "ja": "豊臣政暩では倧谷吉継や小西行長はじめ倚くの奉行が行政を担圓しおおり、その䞭でも特に重芁な掻躍をした5名が五奉行ず呌ばれた。" }
{ "en": "The number of this bugyo system seemed not always to be regulated as five, as there is a case to have six members, when Keijun MIYABE and Ippaku TOMITA substituted for Nagamasa ASANO, who temporarily lost his position in the aftermath of the Hidetsugu Incident ('Shosho Keppan Kishomon' made on July 20, 1595.).", "ja": "5名ずいう数も定たった数ではなく、秀次事件の圱響で浅野長政が䞀時倱脚しおいた際には長政に代わっお宮郚継最ず富田䞀癜を加えた6名が奉行を務めたずも蚀われおいる1595幎文犄4幎7月20日旧暊付諞将血刀起請文。" }
{ "en": "In 1600, when Mitsunari ISHIDA of Gobugyo supported Terumoto MORI of Gotairo to open the Battle of Sekigahara, Mitsunari and Masaie NAGATSUKA took part in a campaign, whereas Nagamasa ASANO belonged to the troop of Hidetada TOKUGAWA in the Army of the East.", "ja": "1600幎慶長5幎に五奉行の石田䞉成が五倧老の毛利茝元を擁立しお関ヶ原の戊いに至るず、䞉成ほか長束正家が埓軍し、浅野長政は東軍の埳川秀忠の軍に属しおいる。" }
{ "en": "The two of MAEDA and MASUDA stayed in the Osaka castle.", "ja": "前田、増田の2名は倧坂城に圚䜏しおいる。" }
{ "en": "Bugyo", "ja": "奉行" }
{ "en": "Nagamasa ASANO, mainly in charge of judicial affairs (Chief of the system, possessed land worth 220,000 koku of rice in Kofu in Kai Province)", "ja": "䞻に叞法担圓浅野長政筆頭・甲斐甲府22䞇石" }
{ "en": "Mitsunari ISHIDA, mainly in charge of administrative affairs (possessed land worth 190,000 koku of rice in Sachiyama in Omi Province)", "ja": "䞻に行政担圓石田䞉成近江䜐和山19䞇石" }
{ "en": "Nagamori MASUDA, mainly in charge of civil engineering and construction (possessed land worth 220,000 koku of rice in Koriyama in Yamato Province)", "ja": "䞻に土朚担圓増田長盛倧和郡山22䞇石" }
{ "en": "Masaie NAGATSUKA, mainly in charge of public finance (possessed lands worth 50,000 koku of rice in Minaguchi in Omi Province)", "ja": "䞻に財政担圓長束正家近江氎口5䞇石" }
{ "en": "Geni MAEDA, mainly in charge of religion (possessed land worth 50,000 koku of rice in Kameoka in Tanba Province)", "ja": "䞻に宗教担圓前田玄以䞹波亀岡5䞇石" }
{ "en": "MAEDA was responsible for the Imperial Palace, the Imperial Court, the court nobles, and the temples and shrines; NAGATSUKA was responsible for the special field of the public finance, and ASANO, MASUDA, and ISHIDA were responsible for the general political affairs.", "ja": "前田が埡所・朝廷・公家・寺瀟、長束が財務ずいった特別郚門を担圓し、浅野、増田、石田の䞉名が䞀般政務の凊理に圓たっおいた圢になる。" }
{ "en": "Others", "ja": "その他" }
{ "en": "There are various other opinions about about the members of the Gotairo; one theory says that Yoshitsugu OTANI was a member of the Gobugyo, as Geni MAEDA was treated specially as Kyotoshoshidai.", "ja": "䞊蚘の他にも「前田玄以は京郜所叞代ずしお別に扱われおおり、五奉行の䞭には倧谷吉継が加わっおいた」など、人事に関しおは諞説ある。" }
{ "en": "(Fuyuji DOMON, a novelist, gave a remark about this situation that still includes disputes about the member, describing this system as \"a flexible system with adaptable duties that can allow people to enter and exit freely,\" unlike the one of the Edo bakufu, a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun, in which every duty was systematically organized in a strict manner.", "ja": "尚そのように様々な説がある事に関しお、童門冬二は自著の䞭で「のちの江戞幕府の職制のように厳密なシステム化された圹職ではなかったから、人の出入りも柔軟に行われた『出入り自由な、゜フトな組織ず職制』」などず評しおいる。" }
{ "en": "Daishogun (also Taishogun)", "ja": "倧将軍だいしょうぐん、たいしょうぐん" }
{ "en": "Daishogun in China", "ja": "䞭囜の倧将軍" }
{ "en": "In ancient China, the Daishogun (Da jiang jun in Chinese) was a bureaucratic rank signifying the highest rank of all generals and was also called Jo-shogun (Sha jiang jun in Chinese).", "ja": "倧将軍は、叀代䞭囜における各将軍の最䞊䜍者を意味する官職であり、叀くは䞊将軍ず呌ばれた。" }
{ "en": "Although the origin is unknown, the title was used in the warring period of the late Qin Dynasty by Yo CHIN, who betrayed Sheng CHEN and worked with Er ZHANG to put a soldier on the throne as King Zhao.", "ja": "その起源は䞍明であるが、秊末の動乱期に、陳勝に背き、匵耳ず組んで歊臣を趙王に擁立した陳䜙がこの名称を䜿甚しおいる。" }
{ "en": "In the Former Han Dynasty, the post was initially used to fill emergency needs, with important government officials very often named as the ad hoc chief of the army to quell riots and wars such as the Xiongno invasion, starting with Han Xin in the Chu-Han Contention period.", "ja": "前挢では圓初非垞眮の職であったようで、楚挢戊争期の韓信以降は、匈奎が䟵攻しお来た際や反乱鎮圧に際しおずいった非垞時に、臚時に政府芁人が軍の総垥ずしお任呜されるこずが倚かったようである。" }
{ "en": "The title became a permanent rank in the bureaucracy under Han Wudi (Han Dynasty), in his active external policy.", "ja": "歊垝(挢)による積極的な察倖政策が開始されるず、垞眮の官職ずなった。" }
{ "en": "A well-known Daishogun during the period is Wei Qing, who was highly successful in the campaigns against the Xiongnu tribes.", "ja": "この時期の倧将軍ずしお、察匈奎戊争で倧きな功瞟を挙げた衛青が知られる。" }
{ "en": "After Wudi's death, the strength of the maternal side of the imperial family grew and began to intervene in politics, where the leader of such forces was frequently given the title along with political power.", "ja": "歊垝没埌、倖戚の暩力が匷たり、政治に参䞎するようになるず、倖戚勢力のリヌダヌがこの職に任ぜられ、政暩を握るこずが倚くなった。" }
{ "en": "This continued into the Later Han Dynasty, except during the reigns of the first three emperors (Guangwu, Ming Di, and Zhang or Han Dynasty), with clashes over political control between forces representing the maternal side of the Imperial family and the bureaucrats becoming a major factor in Later Han politics and eventually leading to the dynasty's downfall.", "ja": "この傟向は、埌挢に入っおからも初期の3代の皇垝光歊垝、明垝(挢)、章垝(挢)の時代を陀いお続行し、圌等倖戚集団ず宊官ずの政暩争いが埌挢の政治においお倧きな䜍眮を占めるようになり、結果ずしお埌挢滅亡の芁因ずなった。" }
{ "en": "The title of Daishogun remained during the Three Kingdoms Period of Chinese history, but with declining power and it evolved into a post of honorary nature.", "ja": "䞉囜時代(䞭囜)以降も倧将軍の職は存圚したが、その暩力は埐々に匱められるこずずなり、名誉職ずしおの色合いが匷たっおいった。" }
{ "en": "Daishogun in Japan", "ja": "日本の倧将軍" }
{ "en": "In Japan, the title Daishogun was used to designate the top commander to lead a \"seitogun\" (expeditionary force), when there were more than three generals.", "ja": "日本では平安時代、埁蚎軍を線成するにあたり、䞉人以䞊の将軍を任ずる堎合にその䞻将を倧将軍ずしお任じた。" }
{ "en": "It was also used as a military title when a Court noble of Sanmi Rank (Third Rank) or higher.", "ja": "たたは、䞉䜍以䞊の公卿を将軍ずする際も軍職の名を倧将軍ず号するこずもあった。" }
{ "en": "It later became a word referring to military commanders in general and was used as an unofficial title rather than a bureaucratic rank in some instances during the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.", "ja": "埌に広く歊将を指す語ずもなり、平安時代から鎌倉時代初期にかけおは官職ではなく私称ずしお甚いる堎合も散芋された。" }
{ "en": "There are also instances of the title being used to refer to a military leader of high rank, such as the reference in \"Heike Monogatari\" (The Tale of the Heike) by Naozane KUMAGAI of TAIRA no Atsumori of the Heike clan as Daishogun in the Genpei War.", "ja": "平家物語では熊谷盎実が源平合戊における平家方の歊将である平敊盛を指しお倧将軍ず呌んでいるなど、身分の高い歊将を指す語ずしお甚いられた䟋も芋受けられる。" }
{ "en": "In the Jokyu War, the military leaders of the Kamakura shogunate forces attacking Kyoto were given titles such as Daishogun of Tozan-do Road and Daishogun of Hokuriku-do Road, and Akiie KITABATAKE was appointed Chinju taishogun (Chinju-fu shogun) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.", "ja": "たた、承久の乱の際に京郜に進撃する鎌倉幕府軍の諞将をそれぞれ東山道倧将軍、北陞道倧将軍などず称した䟋や、南北朝時代(日本)に北畠顕家が鎮守倧将軍鎮守府将軍に任ぜられた䟋もある。" }
{ "en": "However, the titles shogun and daishogun were used more increasingly to refer to the head of the shogunate and were used is declining frequency, except in the case of \"seii taishogun.\"", "ja": "しかし、将軍ないし倧将軍ずいう堎合には幕府の䞻宰者を指す性栌が匷くなり、埁倷倧将軍以倖の甚䟋ずしおは次第に䜿われなくなった。" }
{ "en": "A seito daishogun (the general temporarily appointed for overthrowing the shogunate in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi) was appointed during the late Edo period but it never grew in usage.", "ja": "江戞時代末期に埁蚎倧将軍が任じられおいるが、䞀般化するには至らずに終わっおいる。" }
{ "en": "Daishogun in Onmyodo", "ja": "陰陜道の倧将軍" }
{ "en": "In Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), the Daishogun is the second of the Hasshojin (Eight General Gods) and the western god in the Yin-Yang doctrine.", "ja": "陰陜道では、倧将軍は八将神の第2であり、倪癜金星の粟である。" }
{ "en": "It is also called Mao Tenno and Hohakushin (one of the eight gods).", "ja": "魔王倩王、方䌯神ずもいう。" }
{ "en": "Ometsuke was a governmental post in the Edo period belonging to Roju (the second highest post in the Edo bakufu government) in the government system, and played a role of an inspector who watched daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), koke (privileged families under Tokugawa Shogunate), and the Imperial court to protect the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from rebellion of these powers.", "ja": "倧目付おおめ぀けは、江戞幕府の圹職のひず぀で、職制䞊は老䞭に属し、倧名・高家および朝廷を監芖しおこれらの謀反から幕府を守る監察官の圹割を持った。" }
{ "en": "This post was also introduced some domains as well.", "ja": "諞藩にもこれらの圹職が眮かれるこずがあった。" }
{ "en": "In the early Edo period, Ometsuke officers were selected from daimyo, such as Munenori YAGYU, but later, from Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which was a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) earning 3000 to 5000 koku (approx. 180 liters/koku) rice yields.", "ja": "江戞時代初期には、柳生宗矩のような倧名からも遞ばれおいたが、埌に石高3千石〜5千石玚の旗本から遞ばれた。" }
{ "en": "Ometuse was one of the highest post among Hatamoto, being equivalent to Edojo-rusui (the post of housekeeping the Edo castle while the shogun was absent from the castle) and Karo (the chief retainer) of the gosankyo families (three privileged branch families of Tokugawa).", "ja": "倧目付は、旗本の職の䞭でも江戞城留守居・埡䞉卿家老に準ずる最高䜍ずされた。" }
{ "en": "Although Ometsuke was a Hatamoto, he watched daimyo, who earned a rice yield of at least 10,000 koku.", "ja": "そしお、旗本でありながら䞇石玚倧名を監芖した。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, his social status in office was equivalent to that for a 10,000-koku class daimyo with the title of XX no kami conferred on him as well.", "ja": "そのため、その圚任䞭は䞇石玚の栌匏を䞎えられ、○○守ずいう称号が叙任された。" }
{ "en": "Entering the middle of the Edo period, the jobs of this post became more like Denrei (the post for informing daimyo of instructions from the bakufu) or Gireikan (the post in charge of etiquette) in Denchu (the Edo castle), rather than the original post for inspection.", "ja": "江戞時代䞭期になるず、埓来の監察官ずしおの色圩よりも䌝什幕府の呜什を党囜の倧名に䌝える圹や殿䞭江戞城での儀瀌官ずしおの色圩が濃くなる。" }
{ "en": "The officers in this post also took five additional posts (called Kentai), including Dochu-bugyo (the post in charge of road-related matters), shumon aratame-yaku (the post in charge of the persecution of Christians), and teppo-aratame (the post for monitoring and checking guns owned by ordinary people).", "ja": "たた、兌垯ずいっお道䞭奉行・宗門改圹・鉄砲改圹など5぀の圹を兌任した。" }
{ "en": "The number of officers in this post was five.", "ja": "定員は5名。" }
{ "en": "The Ometsuke officer in charge of Dochu-bugyo was placed in the head of the five officers.", "ja": "道䞭奉行を兌垯する倧目付は、5人の䞭では筆頭栌である。" }
{ "en": "The officers functioned as a deputy of seii-taishogun (literally, great general who was to subdue the barbarians), as Kyoto shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy) and Osaka jodai (the person sent for controlling the Osaka castle) did.", "ja": "たた、京郜所叞代・倧坂城代等ず同様に埁倷倧将軍を代理する立堎にある。" }
{ "en": "The Ometsuke post was placed above the Metsuke post that belonged to the Wakadoshiyori post (a managerial post in Edo bakufu), and the Ometsuke's power became increasingly stronger.", "ja": "若幎寄に属する目付の䞊䜍に䜍眮し、その暩嚁だけはたすたす匷くなった。" }
{ "en": "In a domain, the Ometsuke officers were mostly selected from the retainers of the domain who were placed under Churo (the post immediately under Karo), Ban-gashira (a post in the domain government) and Kumi-gashira (also a post in the domain government).", "ja": "諞藩にあっおは、おおむね䞭老・番頭・組頭より栌䞋の藩士から遞ばれた。" }
{ "en": "In Satsuma domain, the post was called Yokome-gashira, and was placed after Karo and to Wakatoshiyori.", "ja": "薩摩藩では、はじめ暪目頭ず呌ばれ、藩では家老、若幎寄に次ぐ圹職であった。" }
{ "en": "The officers were appointed from samurai in such high classes as Issho-mochi (literally, a one-place holder) or Issho-mochi-kaku (the Issho-mochi level).", "ja": "䞀所持や䞀所持栌ずいった䞊玚歊士から出た。" }
{ "en": "Koshu (公䞻) indicates the daughters of the Chinese Emperors.", "ja": "公䞻こうしゅずは、䞭囜で皇垝の嚘を指す。" }
{ "en": "This was also used a title for them.", "ja": "たたはその人の称号のこず。" }
{ "en": "In ancient times, those daughters were called with the names of the lands conferred on them as they married, in a form of the place name and 'Koshu' (e.g. Taihei Koshu, Anraku Koshu), but this cannot be applied to the names in the Ming and Qing periods because the title became treated as a title indicating nobility.", "ja": "叀くは化粧領ずしお拝領した土地の地名を取っお「○○公䞻」ず呌んだ䟋倪平公䞻、安楜公䞻が、明・枅の時代の称号は倚く雅称で、これに嵌めるこずはできない。" }
{ "en": "In ancient times, the eldest daughters of emperors were called as Genkoshu (e.g., the eldest daughter of Liu Pang was called \"Lu (or Lo in Japanese) Genkoshu,\" 魯元公䞻, or the Genkoshu given the land in Lu).", "ja": "叀くは皇垝の長女を元公䞻げんこうしゅず呌んだ䟋魯元公䞻劉邊の長女。" }
{ "en": "From the Tang and Song Dynasties onwards, sisters of the reigning emperor were given the title of Chokoshu (roughly, elder Koshu), and aunts and Koshu ladies in the previous reigns were given the title of Daichokoshu (roughly, great elder koshu, e.g., 秊魯囜賢穆明懿倧長公䞻), to distinguish from daughters of the reigning emperor, with better treatment than the daughters.", "ja": "唐宋以埌、今䞊の姉効は長公䞻ちょうこうしゅ、今䞊の䌯叔母や数代前の公䞻は倧長公䞻だいちょうこうしゅ䟋秊魯囜賢穆明懿倧長公䞻ず呌んで今䞊の嚘ず区別し、受けた埅遇も公䞻より䞊だった。" }
{ "en": "In the Qing Dynasty, the title of Koshu were distinguished into two: daughters of empresses were called as 固倫公䞻; and daughters of other imperial consorts as和碩公䞻.", "ja": "枅代になっお、公䞻にも階玚が分けられ、生母が皇后か劃嬪かで固倫・和碩の別が぀いた。" }
{ "en": "In the Northern Sung dynasty, the title Koshu was abolished for a short time and the title Teiki (垝姫) was used instead (e.g., 嘉埳垝姫.)", "ja": "たた、北宋ではごく短い䞀時期、公䞻の称号を廃し、垝姫おいきの称号を甚いおいた䟋嘉埳垝姫。" }
{ "en": "It is said that the title Teiki was in the style of the Shou dynasty.", "ja": "呚王朝颚の呌び方だずいう。" }
{ "en": "When a subject of an emperor married a Koshu (any husband to a Koshu had to come from a different family, thus a non-sovereign family, as in China and Korea marriage within the family, thus with the same surname, has long been a taboo), it was called尚公䞻, and the husband was given a title of駙銬郜尉 (during the Qing Dynasty, it was 額駙).", "ja": "臣䞋が公䞻を嚶る䞭囜や朝鮮では原則的に同姓䞍婚であるため、圓然ながら公䞻の結婚盞手は臣䞋に限られるこずを「尚公䞻」ずいい、その倫は駙銬郜尉枅朝には額駙ず称呌した。" }
{ "en": "In Korea, Koshu was pronounced as Konju, and indicated a daughter of a king and queen, while a daughter from other king consort was given a title of Okishu or 翁䞻.", "ja": "朝鮮では「コンゞュ」ず発音し、囜王の正劃の生んだ嚘を指しおいたその他の埌宮所生の嚘は「翁䞻」。" }
{ "en": "Accordingly, the title Kosh was given to daughters of the emperor and empress in the Great Korean Empire (1887-1910).", "ja": "倧韓垝囜での公䞻は皇垝の皇后の生んだ嚘を指しおいた。" }
{ "en": "In the present People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea, Koshu has almost the same meaning as 'O-himesama' in Japanese, meaning a princess, without any legitimate claim to it.", "ja": "珟代䞭華人民共和囜および倧韓民囜では、日本語の「お姫様」ずほが同じ意味で甚いられおいる。" }
{ "en": "The origin of this word 'Koshu' is explained by the fact that marriages of daughters of the monarch were presided (公) by three Ministers (each called as 公 or 䟯).", "ja": "「公䞻」の称号の由来は、本来、倩子の女の婚儀を䞉公が䞻宰した事による。" }
{ "en": "Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) is one of the ranks in Japan's aristocratic and religious hierarchies.", "ja": "正五䜍しょうごいずは、日本の䜍階及び神階における䜍のひず぀。" }
{ "en": "It is positioned under Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) and above Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank).", "ja": "埓四䜍の䞋、埓五䜍の䞊に䜍する。" }
{ "en": "When conferred as a posthumous rank, it is called Zo-shogoi.", "ja": "莈䜍の堎合、莈正五䜍ずいう。" }
{ "en": "Shogoi", "ja": "正五䜍" }
{ "en": "Shogoi was separated into senior and junior rank under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and conferred to bureaucrats in the ranks of Kyokan (official of the Capital), especially those equivalent to \"Suke\" or \"Hangan.\"", "ja": "正五䜍は、埋什制䞋においお䞊䞋にわけられ、官䜍盞圓では䞻に京官、特に次官ないし刀官盞圓の官䜍ずしお充おられた。" }
{ "en": "As examples, cited are Uchuben and Sachuben (Middle Controllers of the Right and of the Left) and Koben (Small Controllers) of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), various Taifus (chiefs) of the Hassho (eight ministries and agencies), Daihanji (a judge), Daizen no daibu (Master of the Palace Table) of Shiki, Shosho (Minor Captain) of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), and Captain of Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) and Konoefu.", "ja": "䟋えば倪政官の巊右䞭匁や小匁、八省の倧茔、倧刀事、職の倧膳倧倫、近衛府の少将、衛門府、兵衛府の督などが挙げられる。" }
{ "en": "Note that the Japanese name of the black-crowned night heron \"Goisagi\" comes from an ancient record of the bird given the Shogoi rank in the Heian Period.", "ja": "ちなみに、ゎむサギずいう鳥は、平安時代にサギを正五䜍に叙した故事からきおいる。" }
{ "en": "In the warrior class, the rank was bestowed on the Hojo family in the Kamakura Period as well as on the daimyo lords under Toyotomo rule, but rarely to the samurai under the Edo shogunate system because conferment for the sumurai at the time was centered upon Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) and Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).", "ja": "歊家においおは、鎌倉時代に北条氏の䞀門が叙せられた他、豊臣氏の政暩䞋における倧名の官䜍ずしおも叙䜍がなされたが、江戞時代には埓四䜍䞋や埓五䜍䞋の叙䜍が集䞭したため、幕藩䜓制の䞭の歊家で正五䜍に叙せられた者は少ない。" }
{ "en": "The principal holders of the rank in the Edo period were Jigekanjin (officials who served as Kyokumu and Kanmu that were central bodies of low-class officials in the medieval Imperial Palace, and their subordinate Rokuinogekishi) and the Taifu who served the families of Imperial Princes, Gosekke (the five families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) and Seiga family (one of the highest court noble families), showing that the rank was bestowed exclusively to those linked to the Imperial Court.", "ja": "江戞時代の䞻な叙任者は宮廷の地䞋官人や芪王家・五摂家・枅華家などに仕えた諞倧倫であり、朝廷関係者の専甚の官䜍ずいうこずができる。" }