translation
translation |
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{
"en": "It is conducted for people who are determined to practice and learn profound Esoteric Buddhism.",
"ja": "修行して密教を深く学ぼうとする人に対して行われる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Unlike Kechien-kanjo, which is an introductory ceremony that connects people with gods, Jumyo-kanjo is a ceremony that certifies disciples; it is also known as Deshi (disciple) kanjo.",
"ja": "仏と縁を結ぶ入門的な結縁灌頂と違い、弟子としての資格を得る灌頂なので、弟子灌頂とも言う。"
}
|
{
"en": "Denpo-kanjo, Kintai-ryobu denpo-kanjo",
"ja": "伝法灌頂（でんぼうかんじょう）、金胎両部伝法灌頂"
}
|
{
"en": "In this type of Kanjo, the title of Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) is given.",
"ja": "阿闍梨という指導者の位を授ける灌頂。"
}
|
{
"en": "Only the priests who have completed an Esoteric Buddhism practice called shidokegyo (four trainings) are entitled to the ceremony.",
"ja": "四度加行（しどけぎょう）という密教の修行を終えた人のみが受けられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the ceremony, priests receive esoteric points of Esoteric Buddhism and are permitted to have disciples.",
"ja": "ここで密教の奥義が伝授され、弟子を持つことを許される。"
}
|
{
"en": "Priests are allowed to teach their disciples by using Buddhist scriptures as well as oral instruction and the Buddha's intention and they are also allowed to officially begin a new school and a new sect.",
"ja": "また仏典だけに捉われず、口伝や仏意などを以って弟子を指導することができ、またさらには正式に一宗一派を開くことが出来るともされる。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is also known as Ajari-kanjo or Jushoku-kanjo.",
"ja": "阿闍梨灌頂、または受職灌頂ともいう。"
}
|
{
"en": "Japan used to conduct 'Sokui-Kanjo' to celebrate enthronement of the emperor between the Kamakura period and the end of Edo period.",
"ja": "また、日本では鎌倉時代から幕末にかけて天皇の即位式には「即位灌頂」という行事が行われていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the record, Gotobain and Gofukakusain also received Kanjo.",
"ja": "ちなみに灌頂を受けたのは、後鳥羽院・後深草院の名が記録されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Gessho (1813 - December 20, 1858) was a Sonno Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) School Buddhist monk who lived at the end of the Edo period.",
"ja": "月照（げっしょう、1813年（文化(元号)10年）－1858年12月20日（安政5年11月16日(旧暦)））は、幕末期の尊皇攘夷派の僧侶。"
}
|
{
"en": "He went by the aliases Sokyu, Ninkai, Ningai and Hisamaru.",
"ja": "名は宗久、忍介、忍鎧、久丸。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was born in 1813 as the eldest son of an Osaka physician.",
"ja": "1813年（文化10年）、大坂の町医者の長男として生まれた。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1827, he entered the Joju-in sub-temple of Kiyomizu-dera Temple under the influence of his uncle Zokai.",
"ja": "1827年（文政10年）、叔父の蔵海の伝手を頼って清水寺成就院に入る。"
}
|
{
"en": "He went on to become the head priest of Joju-in Temple in 1835.",
"ja": "そして1835年（天保6年）、成就院の住職になった。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, his commitment to the Sonno Joi philosophy and connections to the court nobles of Kyoto led him to side with the Hitotsubashi family during Iesada TOKUGAWA's conflict surrounding the shogun's successor, causing him to be viewed as a threat by Tairo (great elder) Naosuke II.",
"ja": "しかし尊皇攘夷に傾倒して京都の公家と関係を持ち、徳川家定の将軍後継者争いでは一橋派に与したため、大老の井伊直弼から危険人物と見なされた。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was a close friend of Takamori SAIGO and persuaded him from taking his own life after the sudden death of Nariakira SHIMAZU who Takamori greatly respected.",
"ja": "西郷隆盛と親交があり、隆盛が尊敬する島津斉彬が急死したとき、殉死しようとする隆盛に殉死を止めるように諭している。"
}
|
{
"en": "During the Ansei Purge which began in August of 1858, he became a wanted man as Naosuke viewed him as a dangerous member of the Sonno Joi School, leading him to flee Kyoto with Takamori.",
"ja": "1858年（安政5年）8月から始まった安政の大獄で直弼から尊皇攘夷派の危険人物の一人として見なされて追われる身となり、隆盛と共に京都を脱出する。"
}
|
{
"en": "He escaped to the Satsuma Domain but the domain, which considered him to be a burden, declined to provide protection and ordered that he be sent to Hyuga Province.",
"ja": "そして薩摩藩に逃れたが、藩では厄介者である月照の保護を拒否し、日向国送りを命じる。"
}
|
{
"en": "This was essentially the casting of him over the border between the Satsuma Province and the neighboring Hyuga Province.",
"ja": "これは、薩摩と日向国の国境で月照を斬り捨てるというものであった。"
}
|
{
"en": "These events led Gessho to make the decision to take his own life, and he and Takamori attempted to drown themselves in Kinko-wan Bay.",
"ja": "このため、月照も死を覚悟し、隆盛と共に錦江湾に入水自殺した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Gessho died but Takamori miraculously survived.",
"ja": "月照はこれで亡くなったが、隆盛は奇跡的に一命を取り留めている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Gessho was aged only 46 at the time.",
"ja": "享年46であった。"
}
|
{
"en": "There was also another Buddhist monk by the name of Gessho.",
"ja": "僧月性とは別人。"
}
|
{
"en": "Okimi no tame ni ha nanika oshikaramuSatsuma no seto ni mi ha shizumu tomoEnglishOf what should I have regrets if it is for Thee?Even if I should sink in the narrow straits of Satsuma?",
"ja": "大君の ためにはなにか 惜しからむ 薩摩の瀬戸に 身は沈むとも"
}
|
{
"en": "Ganami (? - June 23, 1486) was a priest of Ji Sect in the Muromachi period.",
"ja": "願阿弥（がんあみ、生年不詳-文明(日本)18年5月13日(旧暦)（1486年6月14日））は室町時代の時宗の僧。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although he came from a fisherman's family in Etchu Province, he entered a religious order of Ji Sect after realizing the retribution over killing animals, and devoted himself to social work as a kanjin-hijiri (priest who collects donated money for social work).",
"ja": "越中国の漁師の家に生まれたが、殺生の報いを悟って時宗の教団に入り、勧進聖として当時の社会事業に尽くした。"
}
|
{
"en": "Ganami rebuilt the Gojo-ohashi Bridge, which had been washed away, using the donated money from the rich and also restored the Buddhist sanctum in Nanzen-ji Temple.",
"ja": "願阿弥は流失していた五条大橋を富裕の人々から寄付を募り架けかえ、また南禅寺仏殿の再興も行っている。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was a famous kanjin-hijiri in Kyoto.",
"ja": "京都では著名な勧進聖となっていた。"
}
|
{
"en": "In an unveiling of the principle image at Hase-dera Temple in 1459, he carried the Emperor's command granting Imperial permission to Kofuku-ji Temple.",
"ja": "1459年、長谷寺の本尊開帳に際して、勅許の綸旨を興福寺へ持参している。"
}
|
{
"en": "The nation was hit by the Kansho Famine from 1460 to 1461, which was caused by disturbances due to the internal troubles of the Hatakeyama clan in addition to a poor harvest because of abnormal weather, as well as an epidemic.",
"ja": "1460年から1461年にかけて、異常気象による凶作と疫病の上に畠山氏の内紛による兵乱により、寛正の大飢饉が起こる。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Kyoto alone, as many as 82,000 of people starved to death, with the result that Kamo-gawa River presented a horrible spectacle by being filled up with corpses.",
"ja": "京だけで8万2000人もの餓死者が出て、賀茂川が死骸で埋まる惨状となった。"
}
|
{
"en": "Giving 100 kanmon (\"kanmon\" is a monetary unit of old times, 100 kanmon is about one million yen at present) to Ganami, Seii taishogun (literally, \"great general who subdues the barbarians\") Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA ordered him to give food out of charity to starving people on January 22, 1461.",
"ja": "1461年1月22日、征夷大将軍足利義政は100貫文を与えて願阿弥に飢民への施食を命じた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Ganami also raised contributions from people in Kyoto and established a hut in the south of Rokkakudo Hall (Choho-ji Temple), starting to give millet porridge to starving people from February of the same year.",
"ja": "願阿弥は京の人々から寄付を募り、2月から六角堂の南に小屋を建て飢民に粟粥を施す活動を始めた。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, the number of starving people was so huge that he had no other option but to stop giving food about a month later due to depletion of funds.",
"ja": "だが、飢民の数があまりに多く、資金が尽きて1ヶ月程で施食を止めざるえなかった。"
}
|
{
"en": "After the Onin war, Ganami made efforts to collect money for the reconstruction of Kiyomizu-dera Temple, which had been burnt down in the war, by visiting various districts nationwide, and in turn, Kiyomizu-dera Temple Main Hall was reconstructed in 1484.",
"ja": "応仁の乱後、願阿弥は焼失した清水寺の再建に奔走して諸国を回り、1484年、清水寺本堂が再建された。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was called 'JOJUIN Gana' as a person who had done meritorious service for the reconstruction of the temple.",
"ja": "寺再建の功労者として「成就院願阿」と呼ばれた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Ganami died of illness two years later on May 13, 1486.",
"ja": "その2年後の1486年5月13日、願阿弥は病没した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nisshin (1407 - October 30, 1488) was a priest of the Nichiren Sect in the Muromachi period.",
"ja": "日親（にっしん、1407年（応永14年）-1488年10月21日（長享2年9月17日(旧暦)））は、室町時代の日蓮宗の僧である。"
}
|
{
"en": "His father was Shigetsugu HANIYA.",
"ja": "父は埴谷重継。"
}
|
{
"en": "He is believed to have been the first advocate of 'Fuju-fuse-gi' (nothing could be received or given).",
"ja": "「不受不施義」を初めて唱えたとされている。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was born in Shimosa Province.",
"ja": "下総国に生まれる。"
}
|
{
"en": "He learned from the younger biological brother of his father, Nichiei (Nakayamamon School), at Myosen-ji Temple, and entered Nakayama Hokekyo-ji Temple.",
"ja": "妙宣寺において父の実弟にあたる日英_(中山門流)に学び、中山法華経寺に入門する。"
}
|
{
"en": "He went to the capital in 1427, and conducted missionary work in various places including Kamakura and Kyoto.",
"ja": "1427年に上洛し、鎌倉や京都など各地で布教活動を行う。"
}
|
{
"en": "He went to Hizen Province in 1433.",
"ja": "1433年には肥前国へ赴く。"
}
|
{
"en": "He revisited the capital in the same year to found Honpo-ji Temple (Kyoto City).",
"ja": "同年に再び上洛し、本法寺(京都市)を開く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nisshin, who made various temples convert to the Nichiren Sect, advocated almsgiving of other sects when he had the opportunity to preach to the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and as a result, he was forbidden to propose to the government.",
"ja": "日親は諸寺院を日蓮宗に改宗させ、6代将軍足利義教への説法の機会を得た際に他宗の喜捨を説いて建言を禁止される。"
}
|
{
"en": "He broke the ban and was incarcerated; Honmyo-ji Temple was destroyed.",
"ja": "禁に背いたために投獄され、本妙寺は破却となる。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was nicknamed 'pan-wearing shonin' and 'pan-wearing Nisshin' based on the legend that he was tortured by a burning pan being placed on his head but he did not stop preaching",
"ja": "拷問を受けた際に灼熱の鍋を被せられたまま説法を説いたという伝説が誕生し、「鍋かぶり上人」、「鍋かぶり日親」等と呼ばれた。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was released after Yoshinori was killed in the Kakitsu War in 1441 and was incarcerated again when he was ordered to come to Kyoto by the eighth Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.",
"ja": "1441年の嘉吉の乱で義教が殺されると赦免されるが、その後も8代将軍足利義政の上洛命令などを受け、投獄もされている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Honmyo-ji Temple was rebuilt with support from a machi-shu (merchant class) named Kiyonobu HONAMI in 1463.",
"ja": "1463年には町衆の本阿弥清延の協力を得て本妙寺を再興する。"
}
|
{
"en": "He died in 1488, at age 82.",
"ja": "1488年に死去、享年82。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nichiren's pure worship of Hoke-kyo (Lotus Sutra) gradually changed as the wars continued during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and other sects expanded their influence during the Muromachi period; he compromised with other sects and did not hesitate to receive charity from believers of other sects.",
"ja": "日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、南北朝時代(日本)の戦乱や室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。"
}
|
{
"en": "In particular, Nakayamamon School represented by Nakayama Hokekyo-ji Temple was believed to be relatively tolerant of other sects from the beginning.",
"ja": "特に中山法華経寺に代表される中山門流は本来他宗派に対して比較的寛容であったとされる。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the records, Rissho ankoku ron (the Treatise for Spreading Peace Throughout the Country by Establishing the True Teaching), which was the temple's treasure, had been lent out to Kamakura Fuon-ji Temple (no longer exists) of the Ritsu Sect to transcribe in 1336.",
"ja": "同寺の寺宝である立正安国論が建武_(日本)3年（1336年）に律宗寺院であった鎌倉・普恩寺（現在は廃絶）に貸し与えられて書写されていた事が記録されている程である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Amid the situation, Nisshin advocated Fujufuse-gi.",
"ja": "このような状況の中で、日親は不受不施を主張した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Nisshin began street preaching at Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge in Kyoto (1427), however, other sects, including Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and the Rinzai Sect, embraced by the shogunate family severely oppressed his activities.",
"ja": "日親は京都一条戻橋で辻説法をはじめたが（1427）、比叡山延暦寺や将軍家の帰依を受けていた臨済宗などの他宗派から激しい弾圧を受けた。"
}
|
{
"en": "To save the chaotic society by Hoke-kyo, Nisshin wrote 'Rissho jikoku ron' (the Treatise on Establishing the True Teaching and Governing the Country) in an attempt to convert the Ashikaga shogunate family to the Nichiren Sect (during this era, restless days continued as the peasants' uprising of the Shocho era and the rebellion of the Gonancho (Second Southern Court) force occurred) and was incarcerated for the attempted direct appeal (1440).",
"ja": "また日親は法華経によって、当時の乱れた世の中を救うべく（同時代は正長の土一揆や後南朝勢力の反乱などの動乱が続いた）、足利将軍家の日蓮宗への改宗を目論み「立正治国論」を著し、直訴を試みたが投獄された（1440）。"
}
|
{
"en": "He was tortured; his head was covered with a red-hot pan.",
"ja": "真っ赤に焼けた鉄鍋を頭に被せられるなどの拷問を受けた。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the legend, the pan never left his head for the rest of his life.",
"ja": "この鍋は伝承では終生頭から取れることは無かったといわれる。"
}
|
{
"en": "\"Shakubuku-seigi-sho\" (abridgment of teaching of shakubuku (a method of propagating Buddhism which was practiced by Nichiren Daishonin))",
"ja": "『折伏正義抄』"
}
|
{
"en": "\"Rissho jikoku ron\"",
"ja": "『立正治国論』"
}
|
{
"en": "Chogen (1121 - 19 July, 1206) was a Buddhist monk from the end of the Heian period to the Kamakura period.",
"ja": "重源（ちょうげん1121年（保安(元号)2年）-1206年7月12日（建永元年6月5日(旧暦)））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけての僧。"
}
|
{
"en": "His priest title was Shunjobo.",
"ja": "房号は俊乗房（俊乗坊・しゅんじょうぼう）。"
}
|
{
"en": "As the Daikanjin (chief fundraiser) of Todai-ji Temple, he restored the temple after it was destroyed by fire in the Jisho-Juei War.",
"ja": "東大寺大勧進職として治承・寿永の乱で焼失した東大寺の復興を果たした。"
}
|
{
"en": "Chogen was born into the Ki clan as the son of KI no Sueshige.",
"ja": "紀氏の出身で紀季重の子。"
}
|
{
"en": "In 1133, he entered the Buddhist priesthood aged 13 years at Daigo-ji Temple of the Shingon Sect.",
"ja": "長承2年(1133年)、13歳の時真言宗の醍醐寺に入り出家する。"
}
|
{
"en": "He later studied under Jodo (Pure Land) Sect founder Honen.",
"ja": "のち浄土宗の開祖、法然に学ぶ。"
}
|
{
"en": "He also practiced in various places including Shikoku and Kumano.",
"ja": "四国、熊野など各地で修行をする。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said that he visited China (Southern Song Dynasty) on three occasions (although there are other theories).",
"ja": "中国（南宋）を3度訪れたという（異論もある）。"
}
|
{
"en": "The majority of Todai-ji Temple was destroyed during TAIRA no Shigehira's Siege of Nara.",
"ja": "東大寺は治承4年(1180年)、平重衡の南都焼打によって伽藍の大部分を焼失。"
}
|
{
"en": "The daibutsuden (Great Buddha Hall) burned for a several days, and the Great Buddha statue (Birushana) suffered heavy fire damage.",
"ja": "大仏殿は数日にわたって焼け続け、大仏（盧舎那仏像）もほとんどが焼け落ちた。"
}
|
{
"en": "The restoration of Todai-ji Temple was hampered by many financial and technical problems but in 1881 after Chogen came to inspect the damage, he made a proposal for the temple's restoration to Emperor Goshirakawa's messenger FUJIWARA no Yukitaka, who agreed and appointed him Todai-ji Temple Daikanjin.",
"ja": "東大寺の再建には財政的、技術的に多大な困難があったが、養和元年（1181年）、重源は被害状況を視察に来た後白河法皇の使者である藤原行隆に東大寺再建を進言し、それに賛意を示した行隆の推挙を受けて東大寺大勧進職に就いた。"
}
|
{
"en": "Chogen was aged 61 years at the time.",
"ja": "当時、重源は61歳であった。"
}
|
{
"en": "It was permitted that the taxes collected in Suo Province could be used to cover the reconstruction costs of Todai-ji Temple but Chogen personally assembled and organized fundraising monks, civil engineers and artists as well as soliciting donations to raise the funds required to rebuild the temple before proceeding with reconstruction work.",
"ja": "東大寺の再建については、周防国の税収を再建費用に当てることが許されたが、重源自らも勧進聖や勧進僧、土木建築や美術装飾に関わる技術者・職人を集めて組織して、勧進活動によって再興に必要な資金を集め、それを元手に技術者や職人が実際の再建事業に従事した。"
}
|
{
"en": "Chogen also personally requested donations from individuals including Emperor Goshirakawa and FUJIWARA no Kanezane in Kyoto and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Kamakura.",
"ja": "また、重源自身も、京都の後白河法皇や九条兼実、鎌倉の源頼朝などに浄財寄付を依頼し、それに成功している。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said that Chogen himself also studied architecture and civil engineering in China, and he guided the construction workers with the cooperation of Chinese engineer CHEN Heqing.",
"ja": "重源自らも中国で建築・土木技術を習得したといわれ、中国の技術者陳和卿の協力を得て職人を指導した。"
}
|
{
"en": "He is said to have developed a method of transporting large trees from the mountains to Nara.",
"ja": "自ら巨木を求めて山に入り、奈良まで移送する方法も工夫したという。"
}
|
{
"en": "In addition, he built bessho (remote religious facilities separate from a main temple) in Iga Province, Kii Province, Suo Province, Bicchu Province, Harima Province and Settsu Province from which he conducted religious and construction activities.",
"ja": "また、伊賀国、紀伊国、周防、備中国、播磨国、摂津国に別所を築き、信仰と造営事業の拠点とした。"
}
|
{
"en": "He faced several challenges along the way.",
"ja": "途中、いくつもの課題もあった。"
}
|
{
"en": "The greatest of these was the issue of what to rebuild after the reconstruction of Great Buddha Hall, and Chogen was faced with a difficult situation in which his wish to build a sub-temple was opposed to the opinion of the monks who had lost their living quarters.",
"ja": "最大のものは、大仏殿の次にどの施設を再興するかという点で、塔頭を再建したい重源と僧たちの住まいである僧房すら失っていた大衆(仏教)たちとの間に意見対立があり、重源はその調整に苦慮している。"
}
|
{
"en": "During the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple, Chogen charged Saigyo with soliciting donations in the form of gold dust in the Ou region (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province).",
"ja": "なお、重源は東大寺再建に際し、西行に奥羽への砂金勧進を依頼している。"
}
|
{
"en": "It was the overcoming of these many difficulties as well as the work of Chogen and all of those working under him that resulted in the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple.",
"ja": "こうした幾多の困難を克服して、重源と彼が組織した人々の働きによって東大寺は再建された。"
}
|
{
"en": "A ceremony to consecrate the new Great Buddha statue was held on 30 September 1185, the Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt in 1195, and a joint ceremony was conducted in 1203.",
"ja": "文治元年8月28日（1185年9月23日）には大仏の開眼供養が行われ、建久6年（1195年）には大仏殿を再建し、建仁3年（1203年）に総供養を行っている。"
}
|
{
"en": "The sutra hall of Daigo-ji Temple in Kyoto was also constructed in 1195 by Chogen but was destroyed by fire in 1939.",
"ja": "なお、京都市の醍醐寺経蔵は、1195年に重源が建立したものであったが、1939年に焼失してしまった。"
}
|
{
"en": "These meritorious deeds led to Chogen being granted the title Daiosho (great preceptor).",
"ja": "以上の功績から重源は大和尚の称号を贈られている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Following Chogen's death, Eisai, known as the founder of the Rinzai Sect in Japan, took over the position of Todai-ji Temple Daikanjin.",
"ja": "重源の死後は、臨済宗の開祖として知られる栄西が、東大寺大勧進職を継いでいる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The Shunjo-do Hall at Todai-ji Temple is dedicated to Chogen and houses the 'Seated Statue of Priest Chogen' (National Treasure).",
"ja": "東大寺には重源を祀った俊乗堂があり、「重源上人坐像」（国宝）が祀られている。"
}
|
{
"en": "This Kamakura period sculpture is renowned as a masterpiece for its striking realism.",
"ja": "鎌倉時代の彫刻に顕著なリアリズムの傑作として名高い。"
}
|
{
"en": "Statues of Priest Chogen remain at Jodo-ji Temple (Ono City) (bessho of Harima Province), Shindaibutsu-ji Temple (bessho of Iga Province) and Amida-ji Temple (Hofu City) (Suo bessho).",
"ja": "浄土寺(小野市)（播磨別所）、新大仏寺（伊賀別所）、阿弥陀寺(防府市)（周防別所）にも、重源上人坐像が現存する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Chogen wrote \"Namuamidabutsu-sazenshu\" (book about Chogen's works) around 1203.",
"ja": "重源は、建仁3年（1203年）頃に『南無阿弥陀仏作善集』を記している。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said to be due to the influence of Chogen that the posthumous Buddhist name Amidabutsu (Amida Buddha) came to be used today.",
"ja": "今日、一部で戒名に阿弥陀仏をつけるようになったのは重源の普及によるともいわれる。"
}
|
{
"en": "The Great Buddha Hall reconstructed by Chogen was once again burnt to the ground by Hisahide MATSUNAGA in his conflict with the miyoshi sanninshu (three chief retainers of the Miyoshi clan) in 1567 during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).",
"ja": "重源が再建した大仏殿は、戦国時代(日本)の永禄10年（1567年）、三好三人衆との戦闘で松永久秀によって再び焼き払われてしまった。"
}
|
{
"en": "The current Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt during the Hoei era in the Edo period (1704 - 1711).",
"ja": "現在の大仏殿は江戸時代の宝永年間の再建である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Structures dating from the time of Chogen that remain standing at the modern Todai-ji Temple consist of Nandai-mon (great south gate), the Kaisan-do (Founder's hall) and the Hokke-do Rei-do (ceremony hall).",
"ja": "現代の東大寺には、重源時代の遺構として南大門、開山堂、法華堂礼堂（法華堂の前面部分）が残っている。"
}
|
{
"en": "The Jodo-do hall (Ono City, Hyogo Prefecture) at Jodo-ji Temple (Ono City) which was built at Harima bessho in 1197 remains standing today and has been designated a National Treasure.",
"ja": "建久8年（1197年）、播磨の別所に建造られた浄土寺(小野市)浄土堂（兵庫県小野市）は現存しており、国宝に指定されている。"
}
|
{
"en": "This architectural style used in the Great Buddha Hall rebuilt by Chogen as well as in other buildings is highly distinctive and was once called 'Tenjiku-yo' (lit. Indian style) but this was misleading as it has no connection to India, so is therefore now referred to as 'Daibutsu-yo' (lit. Great Buddha style).",
"ja": "重源が再建した大仏殿などの建築様式はきわめて独特なもので、かつては「天竺様（てんじくよう）」と呼ばれていたが、インドの建築様式とは全く関係がなく紛らわしいため、現在の建築史では「大仏様（だいぶつよう）」と呼ぶ。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said to be related to the style used in Fujian Province during Song Dynasty of China.",
"ja": "当時の中国（南宋）の福建省あたりの様式に通じるといわれている。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the history of Japanese architecture, China was highly influential during the Asuka period the Tenpyo period (729 - 749) period, but Japan went on to develop its own style during the Heian period before China once again came to exert an influence on the country.",
"ja": "日本建築史では、飛鳥、天平の時代に中国の影響が強く、その後、平安時代に日本独特の展開を遂げていたが、再び中国の影響が入ってきたことになる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Structurally, the style incorporates a horizontal beam known as a nuki (penetrating tie beam), which is used in combination with pillars to reinforce the structure.",
"ja": "構造的には、貫(建築)といわれる水平方向の材を使い、柱と強固に組み合わせて構造を強化している。"
}
|
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