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James Merrill "Jim" Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Vermont. He was senator from January 3, 1989 through January 3, 2007. Before being senator, Jeffords was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Vermont. He was elected as a Republican. In 2001 he left the party to become a Independent. That gave control of the Senate to the Democratic Party. Jeffords died on August 18, 2014 from Alzheimer's disease at Knollwood, a military retirement facility in Washington, D.C.. He had lived there for eight years. He was 80 years old. References Other websites NNDB The Political Graveyard govtrack.us 1934 births 2014 deaths Deaths from Alzheimer's disease Congregationalists Yale University alumni Harvard University alumni Attorneys general State legislators of the United States United States senators from Vermont United States representatives from Vermont US Republican Party politicians Independent politicians in the United States
Freedom is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River northwest of Pittsburgh. References Boroughs in Pennsylvania
<p>I am trying to assign two different strings to two different variables dependent on two booleans in Ant.</p> <p>Pseudocode (ish):</p> <pre><code>if(condition) if(property1 == null) property2 = string1; property3 = string2; else property2 = string2; property3 = string1; </code></pre> <p>What I've tried is;</p> <pre><code><if> <and> <not><isset property="property1"/></not> <istrue value="${condition}" /> </and> <then> <property name="property2" value="string1" /> <property name="property3" value="string2" /> </then> <else> <property name="property2" value="string2" /> <property name="property3" value="string1" /> </else> </if> </code></pre> <p>But i get a null pointer exception for the line containing "<code><if></code>". I can get it to work using <code><condition property=...></code> tags but can only set one property at a time. I tried using <code><propertyset></code> but that wasn't allowed either.</p> <p>I'm new to ant as you will probably have guessed :).</p> <p>Gav</p>
Chartres Cathedral (, Our Lady of Chartres) is a cathedral. It is in Chartres, about 80 km south of Paris. It is built in the Gothic style. Together with Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture (for churches) in France. A church was inaugurated at the spot by Charles the Bald in the year 864. The cathedral as it stands now was built from 1194 to 1260. It was made a basilica minor in 1908. In 1964 it was made an World Heritage Site by UNESCO. References Cathedrals in France Roman Catholic Cathedrals Centre-Val de Loire World Heritage Sites in France
Rene Alexander "Alex" Acosta (born January 16, 1969) is an American attorney. Acosta was the 27th United States Secretary of Labor serving from April 28, 2017 until July 19, 2019. He was the dean of the Florida International University College of Law from 2009 through 2017. He is Republican. On February 16, 2017, he was announced as President Donald Trump's nominee for the United States Secretary of Labor. On February 16, 2017, after the withdrawal of Andrew Puzder's nomination, President Donald Trump nominated Acosta to serve as United States Secretary of Labor. He resigned on July 19, 2019 due to his connections to the Jeffrey Epstein and his plea deal. Early life Acosta was born in Miami, Florida. His parents are Cuban immigrants. He studied at Harvard College and Harvard Law School earning both a B.S. and J.D. degree. Law career Acosta was appointed by President George W. Bush to the National Labor Relations Board and later served in that administration as the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights and United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida. United States Secretary of Labor (since 2017) After the unsuccessful nomination of Andrew Puzder to be United States Secretary of Labor, President Donald Trump nominated Acosta to fill the position on February 16, 2017. On April 27, 2017, Acosta was confirmed by the U. S. Senate by a 60–38 vote. Acosta announced on July 12, 2019 his resignation effective July 19, following criticism of his role in the Jeffrey Epstein sex traffic case. Personal life Acosta is married to Jan Elizabeth Williams. They both live in McLean, Virginia and have two daughters, Delia and Rosalia. References Other websites Official biography from the Florida International University College of Law Assistant Attorney General R. Alexander Acosta 1969 births Living people United States Secretaries of Labor Lawyers from Miami, Florida Educators from Miami, Florida Politicians from Miami, Florida US Republican Party politicians
Pastura is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Guadalupe County, New Mexico, United States, approximately halfway between Santa Rosa and Vaughn. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 23. References Unincorporated communities in New Mexico Census-designated places in New Mexico
The Kabyles ( in Kabyle pronounced ) are a Berber people. Their traditional homeland is highlands of Kabylie (or Kabylia) in northeastern Algeria. Their name comes from the name of the mountainous region in the north of Algeria where they live traditionally. Perhabs It means "tribes" (from the Arabic "qaba'il" which is the plural of "qabîlah" قبيلة tribe). They speak the Kabyle a Berber. Kabyles have been very active to fight for the official recognition of the Berber language in Algeria. Related pages Kabyle language Berber people Other websites Project Kabylepedia Kabyles.com (French) Ethnologue.com: Kabyle language Algerian linguistic policy (in French) imyura.com (kabyle)literature MAK References Berber people
Sigrid Agnes Maria Kaag (born 2 November 1961) is a Dutch politician. She is party leader of Democrats 66 (D66). She is finance minister and also first Deputy Prime Minister in the Fourth Rutte cabinet. She was foreign minister in the Third Rutte cabinet, but stepped down in September 2021 because the evacuation of Afghans who worked for the Netherlands and tried to flee from the Taliban after they conquered Afghanistan, did not quite go well. Defense minister Ank Bijleveld resigned next day. She was also minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation in the Third Rutte cabinet from October 2017 to August 2021, and has been D66 leader since September 2020 (succeeded Alexander Pechtold). Kaag was born in Rijswijk and grew up in Zeist. She studied Arabic, Middle East studies, and international relations. She studied at Utrecht University, the American University in Cairo, Oxford University, and the University of Exeter. She worked in several positions at the United Nations, for example at UNICEF and as an Under-Secretary-General. She is a Catholic, and married to a Palestinian dentist. Her husband is a former diplomat and politician of the PLO. Kaag is fluent in six languages, among which Arabic, Spanish, French, and German. References Parlement.com Other websites Bio at Government.nl 1961 births Living people Alumni of the University of Exeter Alumni of the University of Oxford Democrats 66 politicians Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands Dutch diplomats Dutch Roman Catholics Dutch women politicians Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands Government ministers of the Netherlands Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands People from Zeist Politicians from South Holland United Nations officials Women diplomats
Stax Records is an American record company, originally based in Memphis, Tennessee. The band Booker T. & the M.G.'s were employed by the company to play music on records by many singers, including Wilson Pickett and Otis Redding. History 1957–1960: Early years as Satellite Records Stax Records, originally named Satellite Records, was founded in Memphis in 1957 by Jim Stewart, initially operating in a garage. Satellite's early releases were country music, rockabilly records or straight pop numbers, reflecting the tastes of Stewart (a country fiddle player) at the time. Notes References Other websites Official Stax Records site Stax Museu American record labels
LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY PRINCETON. N. J. Presented by The. Widow ot* Gre.or<ge-T)w<2c7\h, ^ J3K4-C 1873 v. 2 ; 2 - 3 Division. Section .. IE] ' HISTORY OF RUSSIA, JFrom tlje earliest Ctmes to 1880. BY ALFRED "RAM BAUD, CHIEF OF THE CABINET OF THE MINISTER OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION AND FINE ARTS, AT PARIS J CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF ST. PETERSBURG ; ETC., ETC. THIS WORK HAS BEEN CROWNED BY THE FRENCH ACADEMY. TRANSLATED BY L. B. LANG. EDITED AND ENLARGED BY NATHAN HASKELL DOLE. INCLUDING A HISTORY OF THE TURKO-RUSSIAN WAR OF 1877-78, FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES, BY THE EDITOR. FULLY ILLUSTRATED. THREE VOLUMES BOUND IN TWO. Vol. IT. — Part II. Vol. III. BOSTON: H. A. BOLLES AND COMPANY, PU BLISHERS. Copyright, 1882. Bi ESTES AND LAURIAI. CONTENTS. VOLUME II. (Continued). CHAPTER X. CATHERINE THE SECOND : GOVERNMENT AND REFORMS. 1763-1796. the Helpers of Catherine the Second: The Great Legislative Commission (1766 - 1768). — Administration and Justice: Colonization. — Public Instruction. — Letters and Arts. — The French Philosophers 203-220 CHAPTER XI. CATHERINE THE SECOND : LAST YEARS. 1780-1796. Franco- Russian Mediation at Teschen (1779). — Armed Neutrality (1780). — Re- union of the Crimea (1783). — Second War with Turkey (1787-1792) and War with Sweden (1788 - 1790). — Second Partition of Poland: Diet of Grodno. — Third Partition : Kosciuszko. — Catherine the Second and the French Revolution. — War with Persia ........ 221 - 247 CHAPTER XII. PAUL THE FIRST. 1796-1801. Peace Policy : Accession to the Second Coalition. — Campaigns of the Ionian Islands, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, and Naples. — Alliance with Bonaparte : The League of the Neutrals and the Great Scheme against India . . 248 - 270 CHAPTER XIII. ALEXANDER THE FIRST : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 1801-1835. First War with Napoleon : Austerlitz, Eylau, Friedland, and Treaty of Tilsit. — Interview at Erfurt : Wars with England, Sweden, Austria, Turkey, and Persia. — Grand Duchy of Warsaw : Causes of the Second War with Napoleon. — The " Patriotic War " : Battle of Borodino ; Burning of Moscow ; Destruction of the Grand Army. — Campaigns of Germany and France : Treaties of Vienna and Paris. — Kingdom of Poland : Congresses at Aix-la-Chapelle, Carlsbad, Laybach, and Verona 271 - 373 IV CONTEXTS. CHAPTER XIV. ALEXANDER THE FIRST : INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 1801- 1825. Early Years : the Triumvirate ; Liberal Measures ; the Ministers ; Public Instruc- tion. — Speranski : Council of the Empire ; projected Civil Code ; Ideas of Social Reform. — Araktche'ef : Political and University Reaction ; Military Colonies. — Secret Societies : Poland. — Literary and Scientific Movement 374 - 39° VOLUME III. CHAPTEE I. NICHOLAS THE FIRST. 1825-1855. The December Insurrection. — Administration and Reforms. — Literature . 13-35 CHAPTER II. AFFAIRS IN ASIA AND THE POLISH INSURRECTION. 1835-1855. Persian War (1826- 1828). —First Turkish War; Liberation of Greece (1826- 1829). — The Russians and English in Asia. —The Polish Insurrection (1831) 36-71 CHAPTER III. NICHOLAS THE FIRST: FOREIGN RELATIONS. 1825-1855. Hostility against France: the Eastern Question. — Revolution of Eighteen Hundred and Forty -eight. — Intervention in Hungary 72-8-1 CHAPTER IV. THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1853-1855. Louis Napoleon. — Change in the English Cabinet. — Ministry of Lord Aberdeen. — Tin Holy Sites. — Conversations between the Emperor Nicholas and Sir Gcor_rc Hamilton Seymour 85-100 CHAPTER V. THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1853-1855. Prince Menshikof at Constantinople. — Lord Stratford de RedclifTe. — Colonel Rose. — M. Benedetti. The French Fleel at Salami's. — Threatening Demands of Prince Menshikof. Resistance of the Porte. — The Prince's Departure. — The French ami English Squadrons at Besika. — Diplomatic Conflict. — Official Mediation of Austria. The Russians cross the Prutli. — The Vienna Note. — Turkish Modifications. — Warlike Feelings. — Napoleon the Third. — Inter- views at Olmiitz and Warsaw, — The Porte declares War . . . 101-126 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1853-1855. Campaign of the Danube. — Austrian Interests. — Final Diplomatic Efforts. — Affair of Sinope. — The French and English Fleets in the Black Sea. — Diplomatic Rupture. — Count Orlof at Vienna. — Letters of Napoleon the Third and the Emperor Nicholas. — Austria and Prussia agree with France and England to maintain the Turkish Empire 127-144 CHAPTER VII. THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1853-1855. Military Arrangements of France and England. — The Allied Armies at Gnllipoli and Varna. — Siege of Silistria. — Bombardment of Odessa. — Expedition into the Dobrudsha : the Cholera. — The Crimea. — Battle of the Alma. — Sevastopol 145 - 173 CHAPTER VIII. THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1855 - 1856. Accession of Alexander. — End of the Crimean War. — Treaty of Paris . . 174-206 CHAPTER IX. ALEXANDER THE SECOND AND THE REFORMS. 1856- 1877. Imperial Manifestoes and Decrees. — The Act of the Nineteenth of February, Eighteen Hundred and Sixty -one : Judicial Reforms ; Local Self-government. — The Polish Insurrection. — Intellectual Movement : Material Progress : Education . 207-256 CHAPTER X. LITERATURE AND ART DURING THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER THE SECOND. 1856-1880. The Natural and Realistic Schools. — Influence of the French Novelists. — The His- torical Drama and Novel. — History. — Periodicals. — The Artistic and Scien- tific Movement 257-281 CHAPTER XI. ALEXANDER THE SECOND. 1856 - 1880. The Advance of Russian Power beyond the Caucasus. — Gortchakof's Circular Note. — Shamil and the Circassians. — Central Asia. — The Khanates. — The Khivan Expeditions. — Relations with China, Japan, and the United States . 282 - 308 vi CONTENTS. CHAPTER XII. ALEXANDER THE SECOND. European Relations from 1856 until 1877. Austria and Italy. — Prussia aud Denmark. — Imperial Interviews; the Franco- Prussian War. — The Prussian Alliance. — Gortchakof's Circular Note of Eighteen Hundred and Seventy -one. — Reorganization o the Army . 309 - 324 CHAPTER XIII. THE EASTERN QUESTION. 1875-1877. The Herzegovinian and Bosnian Insurrection. — Count Andrassy's Note. — The Turk- ish Massacres. — Diplomatic Measures. — The Berlin Memorandum. — Events at Constantinople. — The Serbian War ....... 325 - 346 CHAPTER XIV. THE TURKO-RUSSIAN WAR. 1877. Russia's Declaration of War. — The Passage of the Danube. — The Advance across the Balkans ; Shipka Pass. — ■ Capture of Nikopolis. — Repulse at Plevna. — Battle of Shipka Pass. — Operations on the Lom. — Third Battle of Plevna 347 - 368 CHAPTER XV. THH TURKO-RUSSIAN WAR. 1877. The Campaign in Asia. — Reverses. — Battle of Aladja-Dngh. — Storming of Kars. — Passage of the Balkans. — Advance upon Constantinople. — End of the War 36fJ - 381 CHAPTER XVI. ASSASSINATION OF THE EMPEROR. 1881. Popular Discontent. — Assassination of the Emperor 382 - 388 INDEX 389 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. VOLUME II. (Continued). Page Alexander II Frontispiece Siberian of the Yakutsk Province 208 Statue of Peter the Great 214 The Great Theatre 218 The Winter Palace 227 Warsaw 234 Church of Peter and Paul in the Fortress 252 Palace of Paul the First 256 Palace of the Grand Master, Malta 262 Copenhagen 268 The Death of Paul announced to Alexander 270 The Ramparts of Ulm 280 Meeting of Napoleon and Alexander in the Middle of the River Niemen 294 View in Erfurt 304 Bukarest 312 Church in Moscow 336 Palace of Petrowsky 340 View in Hamburg 350 Frankfort 354 Palace of the Louvre 360 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Street in Ratisbon 370 Imperial Library 376 Siberians 382 Study of the Emperor, Winter Palace 391 The Exchange, or Palace of the Bourse 394 The Admiralty ... 396 The Mikhail Palace 398 VOLUME III. Alexander's Column .... 15 Gate in Teheran 37 Street Scene in Erzerum 40 Porcelain Tower in Pekin 42 Lazienski Park 52 A Convict Train 71 The Danube at Buda 80 Mosque of Omar, Jerusalem 98 View of Constantinople 101 Interior of a Kiosque in the Seraglio 104 Fountain in Constantinople 120 A Turkish Commandant 126 Trebizond 133 Fortress of Bielgrad 135 View of Bielgrad 135 Russian Light Cavalry 148 Military Evolutions in the Champs de Mars 154 Charge of the Light Brigade 166 Statue of the Emperor Nicholas 173 Interior of St. Isaac's Cathedral 181 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. jx Page Muscovite Cavalry „ 185 Capture of the Malakoff 195 Native of Kamtchatka 219 Bridge over the Neva 228 Church of the Holy Cross, Warsaw 235 Mittau, Capital of Kurland 246 Russian Sledges 261 Nijni Novgorod 275 A Circassian Soldier 283 Slavonic Convent at Mount Athos 291 Nikolayevsk on the A moor 305 A Prussian Castle 317 Montenegrin Senator 326 Bulgarian Tramps 333 Rumanian Peasant 349 A Roman Mausoleum 355 View of Plevna 366 Fortress of Kars 372 Assassination of Alexander the Second 380 Alexander the Second Lying in State 384 Inauguration of Alexander the Third 387 HISTORY OF RUSSIA, iFrom tjje Earliest €imt$ to 1880, Vol. II. CHAPTER X. CATHERINE THE SECOND: GOVERNMENT AND REFORMS. 17G2-1796. The Helpers of Catherine the Second : the Great Legislative Commission (1766-1768). — Administration and Justice: Colo- nization.— Public Instruction. — Letters and Arts. — The French Philosophers. THE HELPERS OP CATHERINE THE SECOND: THE GREAT LEGISLATIVE COMMISSION. CATHERINE THE SECOND surrounded herself with distinguished fellow-workers, some of whom were her lovers. In the early part of her reign, the influence of the Orlofs was predominant : these were Gregory Orlof, the favorite above all others, grand master of the artillery, by whom she had a recognized son, Alexis, created Count Bobrinski ; Alexis Orlof, the admiral, who received the name of Tchesmenski after the expedition to the Archipelago, and was involved in the tragic history of the Princess Tarankof; Feodor Orlof, who became procurator-general of the senate ; Vladimir Orlof, who was director of the Academy of Sciences at the age of twenty- one. A Russian writer asserts that from seventeen hundred and sixty-two to seventeen hundred and eighty-three they re- ceived forty-five thousand serfs and seventeen million rubles in money from the Empress. Later, the favor of the Orlofs was outweighed by that of Potemkin, or Patiomkin, creator of New Russia, organizer of the Crimea, conqueror of the Otto- 201 HISTORY OP RUSSIA. [Chap. X. mans in the second war with. Turkey, and who, as Prince of the Taurid, displayed his Asiatic luxury in his palace of the same name at Saint Petersburg. During the two years of his influence he received thirty-seven thousand serfs and nine mil- lion rubles, and his income in seventeen hundred and eighty- five was calculated at four hundred thousand rubles. At one of his feasts seventy thousand rubles worth of wax candles were burnt. Of all the favorites who, in the latter part of the reign, succeeded each other so rapidly, only one had any real influence over affairs. This was Platon Zubof, whose brother Valerian conducted the war with Persia. In the direction of foreign affairs were distinguished Nikita Panin, and later Bez- borodko, Ostermann, Markof, and Vorontsof. Repnin and Sievers in Poland, Budberg at Stockholm, Semen Vorontsof in London, and Dmitri Galitsuin at Paris, made themselves a name in diplomacy. The army was commanded by Alexan- der Galitsuin, Dolgoruki, Rumiantsof, and Suvorof ; the fleet- by Greig, Spiridof, and Tchitchagof ; Ivan Betski had charge of the fine arts and of benevolent institutions. From seventeen hundred and sixty-six to seventeen hun- dred and sixty-eight, Catherine the Second assembled, first at Moscow and afterwards at Saint Petersburg, the commissron for the compilation of the new code. This commission was composed of deputies from all the services of the State, from all the orders and all the races of the empire. Besides the delegates from the senate, the synod, and the colleges and the courts of police, the nobles elected a representative for each district, the citizens one for every city, the free colonists one for every province, the soldiers, militia, and other fighting men also one for each province ; the Crown peasants, the fixed tribes, whether Christians or not, equally elected one for each province ; the deputation of the Cossack armies was fixed by their atamans. Six hundred and fifty-two deputies assembled at Moscow ; officials, nobles, citizens, peasants, Tatars, Kalmuiki, Lapps, DIDEROT AND CATHERINE II. 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II. : REFORMS. 205 Samoyedui, and many others. Each man was to be furnished with full powers, and with instructions compiled by at least five of the electors. Each received a medal with Catherine's effigy, and the motto, "Eor the happiness of each and of all, December fourteen, seventeen hundred and sixty-six." They were exempted forever from all corporal punishments, and were declared inviolable during the session. In the "Instruc- tions for the arrangement of the New Code " Catherine the Second, according to her own expression, " pillaged " the philosophers of the West, especially Montesquieu and Becca- ria. " It contained," says the prudent Panin, " axioms that would knock a wall clown." Catherine the Second assures Voltaire that her " Book of Instructions " was interdicted at Paris. Among the ideas of which she boasted, we meet with the following, which were certainly calculated to enrage Louis the Fifteenth : " The nation is not made for the sovereign, but the sovereign for the nation. Equality consists in the obedience of the citizens to the law alone ; liberty is the right to do everything that is not forbidden by law. It is better to spare ten guilty men than to put one innocent man to death. Torture is an admirable means for convicting an innocent but weakly man, and for saving a stout fellow even when he is guilty." Other maxims loudly condemned intolerance, relig- ious persecutions, and cruel punishments. The assembly nominated many committees, and held more than two hundred sittings. The most vexed questions were openly discussed. Nobles of the Baltic claimed their provin- cial rights, merchants brought forward municipal organization and all sorts of economical questions, gentlemen proposed to restrain the rights of masters, and to pronounce the pregnant words, " enfranchisement of the peasants." An assembly so numerous, so divided by the interests of classes, and of such various races, was not one, however, that could arrange a new code. It was a work almost impossible in the Russia of that period, which contained within itself so many conflicting 206 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. forces. The Empress, forced by the Turkish war to break up the assembly, expressed herself satisfied with her experiment. " The Commission for the Code has given me light and knowl- edge for all the empire. I know now what is necessary, and with what I should occupy myself. It has elaborated all parts of the legislation, and has distributed the affairs under heads. I should have done more had it not been for the war witli Turkey, but a unity hitherto unknown in the principles and methods of discussion has been introduced." These States- general of Russia influenced the laws of Catherine the Second, as the French States-general of thirteen hundred and fifty-six, of fourteen hundred and thirteen, or of the sixteenth century, influenced the laws of Charles the Fifth, Charles the Seventh, and the later Valois. In the course of the discussions the deputy noble Korobin proposed to suppress the rights of property over the serfs, and to leave the masters only the right of superintendence. Pro- tasof, another deputy, then observed that " in that case noth- ing would remain but to set the peasant free, but that, if this was the intention of the Empress, it was necessary to proceed gradually." The Economical Society, founded, under the auspices of Catherine the Second, by the care of Gregory Orlof and other " patriots," proposed the question for public compe- tition. A paper, dated from Aix-la-Chapelle, pronouncing for emancipation, obtained the prize, but other influences were at work to efface the recollection of this essay from the mind of the Empress. The Russian aristocracy were then little dis- posed to abdicate their rights, as is shown by the conversa- tions of Princess Dashkof with Diderot, and the correspond- ence of Dmitri Galitsuin. Catherine confined herself to repressing the most crying abuses. The trial of Daria Sal- tuidof, convicted of having caused the death of forty of her servants by torture, shows to what a point slavery, which degrades the serf, could demoralize the masters. She was condemned in seventeen hundred and sixty-eight to be pub- 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II.: REFORMS. 207 licly pilloried, and to perpetual imprisonment ; her memory still lives in the legends of the people. The same reasons which had caused the establishment of serfage in the time of Boris Godnnof seemed to operate in favor of its continuance. Catherine the Second, in spite of a few generous impulses, finally aggravated the existing state of things. More than one hundred and fifty thousand Crown peasants were trans- formed into serfs of nobles, by being distributed among her favorites. In seventeen hundred and sixty-seven an edict for- bade peasants to complain of their masters, who were author- ized to send them at will to Siberia, or to force them to become recruits. Moreover, Catherine the Second established serfage in Little Russia, where it had hitherto had no legal existence. ADMINISTRATION AND JUSTICE : COLONIZATION. The Empress's " Council " deprived the Senate of part of its political importance; but the latter, divided into six de- partments, had under its jurisdiction all the branches of the public administration. Catherine the Second attacked the custom of exactions and peculations, which was the most in- veterate evil of this administration. " We consider it," says a ukas of seventeen hundred and sixty-two, " as our essential and necessary duty to declare to the people, with true bitter- ness of heart, that we for a long time have heard, and to-day, by manifest deeds, see to what a degree corruption has pro- gressed in our empire, so that there is hardly an office in the government in which that divine action, justice, is not attacked by the infection of this pest. If any one asks for a place, he must pay for it ; if a man has to defend himself against calumny, it is with money ; if any one wishes falsely to accuse his neighbor, he can by gifts insure the success of his wicked designs. Many judges have transformed into a market the sacred place where they should administer justice in the name of the Almighty, using the position of judge, to 208 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. which we appointed them, expecting impartiality and disinter- estedness, in such a manner as to divert to their own use the revenues accruing, and build up their own houses, and not for the service of God, the Empress, and the State. Our heart trembled when we learned that a registrar of the Gov- ernment Court of Police at Novgorod found an opportunity, while receiving the oath of allegiance from my subjects, to accept from each a piece of money." One way of securing the administration of the laws was, perhaps, to diminish the extent of the governments, which placed the seat of justice too far from the people governed. By an edict of seventeen hundred and seventy-five Catherine modified all the territorial divisions of the empire. Instead of fifteen provinces she created fifty governments, each with a population of from three hundred thousand to four hundred thousand souls, and subdivided into districts of twenty thou- sand to thirty thousand inhabitants. Every province had its governor and its vice-governor ; the governor-generals, or namiestniki, were invested with authority over two or three governments. Thus Livonia, Esthonia, and Kurland had each a governor, while a governor-general had jurisdiction over the three provinces. Administration was definitely separated from justice ; each governor was aided by a council of regency for administration and the police, by a chamber of finance for taxes, property, mines, the census, and by a college of pro- vision for hospitals and public charity. The judicial system increased the profound separation of classes. There were, in each district, district tribunals for gentlemen, civil magistrates for the townspeople, inferior jus- tices for the free colonists and for the Crown peasants. There was nothing for the serfs of the nobles. No text of law positively authorized the repression of the most cruel seigniorial abuses ; the sense of two articles of the military code had to be wrested before even the lives of agricultural slaves could be protected. To serve as courts of appeal, a supreme SIBERIAN OF THE YAKUTSK PROVINCE. 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II.: EEFORMS. 209 tribunal, a government magistracy, and a superior court of justice were to be found in the principal city of each division of government. All this hierarchy led to a court of final appeal in the senate. In the towns of the government there were for certain criminal causes juries which acted as justices of the peace in civil actions. The nobility received a sort of provincial organization. In each government there existed an assembly of the nobles, which elected a marshal and other dignitaries ; and as Cath- erine the Second could not revoke the law of Peter the Third, she obliged gentlemen to join the army by depriving those nobles of the right of suffrage in the elections who had not obtained the rank of officers, and also refused them certain prerogatives of their own order. Special privileges were accorded to the merchants and citi- zens of the towns ; among them were the election of their magistrates, and individual jurisdiction, and a kind of muni- cipal self-government. The merchants were divided into three guilds : to the first belonged men with a capital of not less than ten thousand rubles ; to the second, those who had at least one thousand ; to the third, those with a property worth more than five hundred rubles. Below this, all the citizens were confounded in the appellation of mieshtchane, or townsmen. In the matter of commerce and trade Catherine renounced the system of protection and surveillance adopted by Peter the Great, except in the case of cereals, the consump- tion of which she tried to regulate by establishing granaries for surplus stores. She finally suppressed the three colleges of mines, manufactures, and commerce. To people the uninhabited though fertile lands of the Volga and the Ukraina, Catherine called in foreign colonists ; she offered them capital to aid in their settlement, for which no interest was to be asked for the space of ten years, and exempted them from all taxes for thirty years. These colo- nists were chiefly Germans, the greater part from the Palati- VOL. II. 14 210 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. nate. Like Frederic the Second, she offered an asylum to the Moravians, and to all persecuted religious sects. In the province of Saratof alone she induced twelve thousand fami- lies to take up their abode, and their descendants, now very numerous, still inhabit the country, and preserve unbroken the German language and customs. In the single year of seven- teen hundred and seventy-one as many as twenty-six thousand people answered her appeal. The suppression of the hetman- ate of Little Russia in seventeen hundred and sixty-two, and the extinction of the setcha of the Zaporoshtsui, favored colo- nization. The Empress founded nearly two hundred new towns, many of which, as Ekaterinburg and Ekaterinoslaf, " Glory of Catherine," bore her name. They have not all prospered, but in seventeen hundred and ninety-three Pallas reckoned a population of thirty-three thousand at Saratof. One reform projected by Peter the First and clumsily pushed forward by Peter the Third was accomplished by Catherine the Second : this was the secularization of the Church property. The number of peasants belonging to the clergy, regular as well as secular, amounted to nearly a million. The monastery of Saint Cyril, on the White Lake, possessed thirty-five thousand ; that of Saint Sergius, at Troitsa, one hun- dred and twenty thousand. The abbots of these monasteries may be compared to the sovereign prelates, to the priest-kings on the banks of the Rhine. Catherine the Second, who was after- wards to protest so loudly against the resumption of Church property during the French Revolution, effected this impor- tant change with the greatest quietness. She formed a com- mission of churchmen and functionaries, who managed to carry out the operation. The property of the Church was placed under the administration of an " economical commis- sion," charged with the collection of the revenues, in the pro- portion of a ruble and a half for every male peasant. The monasteries, thus converted from proprietors to Crown-pen- sioners, were indemnified according to their importance, and 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II. : REFORMS. 211 were divided into three classes. Their surplus revenues were applied to the foundation of ecclesiastical schools, homes for invalids, and hospitals. Catherine the Second wrote to Voltaire an account of the work of the commission in compiling the code. " I think you will be pleased by this assembly, where the orthodox man is to be found seated between the heretic and the Mussulman, all three listening to the voice of an idolater, and all four con- sulting how to render their conclusion palatable to all." This was the restoration of religious tolerance in Russia, after the reign of the pious Elisabeth. In the provinces taken from Poland, a natural reaction from the Polish system obtained many converts to orthodoxy ; in the latter years of the reign they amounted to one million five hundred thousand souls. Catherine the Second was so far from persecuting the Catho- lics, that she allowed the Jesuits, notwithstanding the sup- pression of their order by Pope Clement the Fourteenth, to purchase the right of existence in White Russia. She author- ized the Volga Tatars to rebuild their mosques, and thus checked the Mussulman emigration which had been provoked by Elisabeth's' severity. The raskolniki were protected, re- assured, and freed from the double tax imposed on them by Peter the Great, and the "bureau " of the raskolniki was sup- pressed. The population of the empire increased during this reign to forty millions, but it was still far too small to cultivate the vast plains. One great obstacle to the multiplication of in- habitants has always been the want of hygiene, the lack of doctors, the absence of all assistance from science, and the mor- tality of children, which offsets the fruitfulness of marriages. Catherine the Second did everything that could be done at that period. She encouraged the study of medicine, sent for foreign physicians, founded a " department of the College of Pharmacy " at Moscow, and helped to build manufactories of surgical instruments. In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine, 212 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. when she was forty years old, she introduced inoculation into Moscow, and vanquished the popular outcry by being herself the first subject. She desired Dimsdale, the Englishman, to inoculate her as well as her son by Gregory Orlof. The sen- ate presented her with twelve gold medals in honor of the occasion, and the hall of the senate-house at Moscow was or- namented with a bas-relief, with the inscription, " She saved others to the danger of herself." " Dr. Dimsdale," says Andreif, " received a fee of tenthousand pounds for the opera- tion, an animal pension of five hundred pounds, and the title of Baron. The little boy, Markof, who furnished the matter, was made an hereditary noble." This was at the time that small-pox carried off Louis the Fifteenth and the children of the King of Spain. " That is very strange," writes Catherine to Voltaire; and again, " More people have been inoculated here in one month than have been inoculated in Vienna in a year." .Even the natives of Siberia recognized the benefits of the new invention, but the Mussulmans, the raskolniki, and part of the Russian people energetically held themselves aloof from it. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. -LETTERS AND ARTS. - THE FRENCH PHILOSOPHERS. The Empress displayed the greatest eagerness to instruct the upper and middle classes, if she did not seek to touch the people, properly speaking, the mass of whom could not be penetrated by a culture that was still superficial. " To tri- umph over the superstitions of ages," were the words she dic- tated to Bet ski, " to give a new education, and so to speak a new life to one's people, is a work demanding incredible toil, and of which posterity alone will reap the fruits." From the lack of a national education, " Russia wanted the class of men known in other countries as the third estate." Ivan Betski, one of those truly disinterested friends of humanity who so rarely appear in history, and who had cultivated his natural talents 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II. : REFORMS. 213 by study in the European universities, thought it necessary that the children should be taught by Russians, as foreigners would fail to understand how much in their pupils belonged to the religion, habits, and manners of the country. The moment had not yet come when Russia could do without for- eign teachers. The scheme of national education for children of all classes, presented by Betski, could only partially be realized ; secondary schools were founded in the great cities alone. Catherine the Second also interested herself in the instruction of women. At the monastery or institute of Smol- na she assembled four hundred and eighty young girls, under the direction of a Frenchwoman, Madame Lafond. " We want them to be neither prudes nor coquettes," she writes to Voltaire. French and other foreign languages and accom- plishments were taught there ; but the line between the pupils of noble birth and tradesmen's daughters was sharply drawn. A splendid foundation of Catherine's was the " Vospitatelnui Dom," or house of education for foundlings, at Moscow, in seventeen hundred and sixty-three, — a large establishment, which afterwards was the admiration of Napoleon the First, and where nearly forty thousand children in need of assist- ance, or girl-pupils, were received in Catherine's reign. The serf who married one of these orphans became free. The influence of French genius over Russian civilization greatly increased during the reign of Catherine the Second. The national poets translated and imitated the French classics of the seventeenth century. The great Russian nobles, the Vorontsofs and the Galitsuins, esteemed it an honor, as did also the French nobility, to correspond with the writers and thinkers of the West. This French influence was beneficial, although it was exercised only upon the upper classes of society, and often stopped at the exterior without modifying very essentially either the character or the manners. It was this that introduced or strengthened in the Russian nobility those ideas of religious tolerance, of moral dignity, of respect 214 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. for the human body, even in the person of a slave, — those habits of courtesy and politeness, those aspirations after social justice and political liberty, which must, in the long run, per- form their work, soften the hardness of the old boyars, prepare for the emancipation of the agricultural classes, and bring about the regeneration of Russia. We shall, however, see the Russian nobility, who had apparently followed the French philosophers into their most audacious deductions, suddenly frightened at the most moderate reforms of seventeen hundred and eighty-nine, and declaring loudly against revolutionary France. We shall find characters in which a slight varnish of Parisian civilization scarcely hides the ancient barbarism, but it was not in vain that Catherine's contemporaries had been fascinated by Montesquieu, by Voltaire, and by the American revolution. The social state of Russia, divided into an aristocracy of proprietors and a people of serfs, prevented the country from advancing with the same rapidity as France, but French ideas certainly did not delay its progress. Catherine the Second was not less eager than her nobles in seeking the sympathy of French writers ; her correspondence with philosophers added not a little to her prestige in the Europe of the eighteenth century, and to her fame with pos- terity. She attracted Grimm, once a friend of Rousseau, to her service, and he sent her regular letters from Paris on the affairs of France. She affected a gracious familiarity towards the Prince de Ligne, and the French ambassador, Count de Segur, both men distinguished for wit and literary talents ; admitted them into her travelling-carriage during a long journey to the South, and was able to respond to their in- genious flatteries and to their lively sallies. She wished to employ Mercier de la Riviere, and to secure the services of Beccaria, author of the "Treatise on Crimes and Penalties"; she declared herself the "good friend " of .Madame GeofFrin, whose Parisian salon was one of the intellectual powers of that epoch. She offered to D'Aleinbert, who refused it, the super- 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II.: REFORMS. 215 intendence of the education of the Grand Duke Paul, heir to the throne ; later, she placed the Swiss Laharpe, celebrated for his republican opinions, with her grandsons Alexander and Konstantin. She thanked Marniontel for sending her his " Belisarius," " a book which deserves to be translated into all languages," caused a translation of it to be made by her friends during a voyage down the Volga, and even under- took the ninth chapter herself. She bought Diderot's library, yet allowed him to enjoy it ; subscribed to the " Encyclo- paedia," which was forbidden to appear in Paris ; admired the " Pensees Philosophiques," a book which was condemned by the Parliament to be burned, and the " Lettre sur les Aveugles," which had consigned the philosopher to the Bastile. She sent for the author to come to Saint Petersburg, and en- tertained him for a month with the most brilliant hospitality. The great sculptor Falconet, the friend of Diderot and the Encyclopaedists, was already there, working at the statue of Peter the Great, which he represents as riding a horse in the act of springing, and with the fore feet in the air. His hind feet tread on a serpent of brass, the symbol of envy, and the serpent biting the flowing tail of the horse secures his equi- librium. The whole was mounted on an immense boulder brought from a morass in Karelia eleven versts from Saint Petersburg. This boulder represented emblematically the rude obstacles which Peter the Great had to overcome. It was with Voltaire, above all, that Catherine kept up a close correspondence, beginning in seventeen hundred and sixty-three, and continuing to the death of the great man in seventeen hundred and seventy-eight. She herself endeavored to keep him informed, not only of her victories, but of her reforms, her efforts at legislation and labors for the coloniza- tion of Russia, knowing that the hermit of Ferney had fame in his gift. She gave money to his proteges, the families of Sirven and Calas, victims of the judicial abuses of the eigh- teenth century ; and, after the expedition of Alexis Orlof to 216 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. the Archipelago, caused him to hope for the resurrection of Greece. In a single year she spent one million of rubles to acquire the pictures and works of art of the most cele- brated painters of the Italian and Flemish schools, and en- dowed the capital of Peter the Great with artistic splendors hitherto unknown. In spite of her devotion to the arts and letters of the 'West, Catherine piqued herself on being, above everything, a Russian Empress ; and jestingly bade her doctor to bleed her of her last drop of German blood. She has a place of her own in Russian literature of the eighteenth centurv, having compiled for the use of her grandsons Alexander and Konstantin the " Grandmother's A B C," stories from Russian history, and the " Library of the Grand Dukes Alexander and Konstan- tin," which had the honor to be printed in Germany. The prefaces to her laws, her correspondence in Russian, French, and German with her ministers, her governors, and friends in France and Germany, prove her literary activity. She also worked for the new-born Russian theatre, and ridiculed hy- pocrisy, avarice, prejudice against education, the discontent caused by government decrees, the use of French words, the frivolous intrigues of the nobles, and the extravagance of the Russians abroad : in her lyric drama called " Oleg," the first expedition of the Russians against Constantinople is celebrated ; in her comedy of Hofe Bogattiir, or " Misfortune, the Knight," she turns into ridicule her enemy, the adventurous Gustavus the Third ; in those of " The Charlatan " and " The Mystified Man " she chastises Cagliostro, who sought for dupes even in Russia; while " The Birthday of .Madame Vortchalkina," " O Time," and many others are satires on contemporary manners. In the palace of the Hermitage she had a theatre constructed some- what after the model of that at Mycenae, where the plays of the Prince de Ligne, the Count de Segur, Strogonof, and her own were performed. Most of the pieces which the Empress com- posed have been collected and published. They were written 1762-1796.] CATHERINE II.: REFORMS. 21? in French. Against the French Abbe Chappe d'Anteroche, and his voyage to Siberia, she published an amusing pam- phlet, called " The Antidote." Finally, she has left in French some curious memoirs about her arrival in Russia and her life as a Grand Duchess. The Russian Academy, modelled in some degree after the French, was founded in seventeen hundred and eighty-three, on the suggestion of Princess Dashkof, then President of the Academy of Sciences. It was intrusted with the task of " fixing the rules of the orthography, grammar, and prosody of the Russian language, and of encouraging the study of Russian history." It then undertook the publication of a dictionary which appeared from seventeen hundred and eighty-nine to seventeen hundred and ninety-nine. It in- cluded in its six volumes forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-seven words, and was re-edited from eighteen hun- dred and forty to eighteen hundred and fifty. Indeed, the Russian Academy was so much in fashion that the most illustrious men of letters and the highest ladies of rank — Princess Dashkof, the poets Derzhavin, Fon-Vizin, Kniazhnin, and Count Ivan Shuvalof — insisted on working at the dic- tionary. Catherine herself compiled " Complementary Notes " for the first volume. In eighteen hundred and thirty-five the minister Uvarof amalgamated the Russian Academy with the Academy of Sciences, under the title of " Second Class." Catherine made herself the patroness of Russian men of letters. If she imposed the recital of a certain number of lines from the " Telemakhid " of Trediakovski as a penance on her friends of Tsarkoe-Selo, or the Hermitage, she encouraged Fon-Vizin, the comic author, the Russian Moliere, who in his comedy of " The Brigadier " derided those whose only source of information was the French romances, and who ridiculed in his Niedorosl, or " The Spoilt Child," the indolence and frivolity of the voung Russian nobles, the foolish infatuation 218 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. of their parents, and the strange choice of their preceptors. The principal characters of "The Brigadier" are Ivanushka, who is studying in Paris and hates everything Russian, and a councillor who is the type of an absurd official. Both pieces are found to be faulty when examined critically. The dia- logue is not connected ; the persons represented are mere cari- catures, but they are full of wit and end wholly in the French fashion. The taste for the pleasures of wit was spread by the theatre of Sumarokof, whose plays were often acted by the corps of cadets, at the court and in public places. In many ways it was an imitation of the French theatre. Ablesimof wrote " The Miller," a comedy which was performed twenty- seven times in Moscow and has kept its place on the stage, " The Boaster," " The Originals," " The Fatal Carriage," and attempted an historical drama in " Vadim of Novgorod." Imi- tations of Voltaire's Henriade were much in vogue. Of these the most popular were the " Rnssiad," by Kheraskof, an epic poem which celebrated the capture of Kazan, and "Vladimir, or the Conversion of the Russians." But neither had much merit. Bogdanovitch imitated La Fontaine in a light piece of verse called " Dushenka," which treated the antique subject of Psyche. Khemnitser translated the fables of Gellert, and com- posed others in Russian which are remarkable for the simplicity and natural grace of the style. Khemnitser, like Lessing, looked upon morals as the essential foundation of fables. His works reflect his thoughts and his peculiarities. The prevailing moral is that success is always gained by fearless men, and that a great inheritance is better than a good education. His fables are usually melancholy and affecting in tone. He is the natural predecessor of Kruilof. In lyric poetry Derzhavin holds the principal place. The school of Lomonosof was fall- ing into disrepute, owing to its pompous style. Derzhavin's distinguishing characteristics are indicated by himself when he says that he was the first to praise the merits of Catherine in a pleasing style, to speak of God with simplicity, and to tell THE GREAT THEATRE. 17(52-1796.] CATHERINE II.: REFORMS. 219 truth to the Tsar with a smile. His poems usually celebrate his own time, but he is superficial in his brilliancy, and hence unsatisfactory. He recognizes the dignity of the true man, and exalts a pure conscience and virtue. Like Horace and Ana- kreon, he is the poet of liberty, peace, and love. He brought the Russian language to a high state of perfection. His patriotic odes, " The Capture of Ismail," " The Great Noble," "The Cascade," "My Idol," "To Fortune," are remarkable for a certain sublimity mingled with a shade of satire. The second part of "Felitsa" is a lively attack on high society, full of malicious allusions to different people of the Court ; and though it might have cost him dear in preceding reigns, the poem gained him a gold snuff-box and a rich gift from the Empress, who took care to send copies of it to all who were satirized, underlining the passages applied to them. Derzhavin's re- ligious odes are inferior to those of Lomonosof. Some are philosophical, and directed against the French Encyclopaedists. The best is the one entitled " On the Death of Prince Me- shtcherski." Perhaps the most famous is the " Ode to God," which the Emperor of China had printed in letters of gold and hung up in a temple. Derzhavin, having made a thorough study of German poetry, was enabled to use a greater variety of metres than his predecessors. He had considerable merit as a versifier ; his faults were the faults of his day, — turgidity, inequality, and inconsistency. Beautiful and sublime thoughts are often spoiled by his extravagant and inflated rhetoric. Although a poet, Derzhavin was Minister of Justice. The ardent and laborious Novikof, in order that the new culture might penetrate to the silent masses concerned with the smaller trades, and also to the people, took up the " Mos- cow Gazette," secured for it four thousand subscribers (an enormous number for the time), perfected the Russian typog- raphy, created new libraries, and published a series of re- views and magazines for home readings for the vouns: and for workmen, who were almost destitute of literature. Among these were "The Pilgrim's Staff," " The Painter," " The Purse," 220 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. X. "The Ancient Library of Russia," "The Courier of Russian Antiquities," " The Morning Aurora," " The Evening Aurora," the " Edition of Moscow," and " The Worker's Rest." He founded several philanthropical societies, and that of the Friends of Instruction, and took in hand the cause of national education. He was sent to Moscow, and made director of the precious archives of the foreign department. The aged Midler edited the first " National History of Russia," by Tatishtchef; and the "Compendium of Russian History," by Mankief. Pallas of Berlin, who was made presi- dent of the Academy of Sciences at only thirty years of age, was commanded to make an observation of the passage of Venus over the sun. He then made his celebrated travels in the Crimea, in Siberia, and on the frontiers of China, and was given by the Empress an estate in the Taurid. Golikof, pardoned by Catherine on the occasion of the inauguration of Falconet's bronze, vowed at the feet of Peter's statue to raise an historical monument to the glory of the Russian hero, and published in twelve volumes " The Actions of Peter the Great," Prince Shtcherbatof wrote the " History of Russia from the Earliest Times." He was wrell educated, careful, and diligent, but not a man of much talent or depth. His work, however, holds an honorable place in Russian historical literature. General Boltin, a man of remarkable gifts, found great fault with the recent history of Old and New Russia, written by the French Leclerc in seventeen hundred and eighty-four, but he also severely criticised the work of Prince Shtcherbatof, which led to a great dispute between them. Mussin -Pushkin discov- ered the unique manuscript of the " Song of Igor." Khrapo- vitski, Catherine's confidential secretary, Poroshin, one of the tutors of the Grand Duke Paul ; Nikita Panin, the diplomatist, the great nobles, Semen and Alexander Vorontsof, their sister Catherine Dashkof, and the old soldier Bolotof, collected or pre- pared valuable memoirs on the reigns of Elisabeth and Cather- ine. The historian Karamzin, and the dramatic poet Ozerof, who glorified the following reigns, were as yet only boys. CHAPTER XL CATHERINE THE SECOND : LAST YEARS. 1780 - 1796. Franco-Russian Mediation at Teschen (1779). — Armed Neutrality (1780). — Reunion1 of the Crimea (1783). — Second War with Tur- key (1787-1792) and War with Sweden (1788- 1790). — Second Partition of Poland : Diet of Grodno. — Thikd Partition: Kos- ciuszko. — Catherine the Second and the French Revolution. — War with Persia. FRANCO-RUSSIAN MEDIATION AT TESCHEN- ARMED NEUTRALITY. —REUNION OP THE CRIMEA. THE second part of the reign of Catherine the Second is characterized by the abandonment of the " System of the North," that is, of the English and Prussian alliance, and by a marked reconciliation, first with Austria, and then with France. After the death of Nikita Panin, who had been espe- cially influential in foreign affairs, Count Alexander Bezbo- rodko was advanced to the head of the diplomatic service. Bezborodko was the son of a Little Russian official, and was early distinguished for his rare endowments and his extraor- dinary memory, which attracted the attention of Field-Marshal Rumiantsof, who introduced him to the Empress. He took an important part in the treaty of Kairadji, and received the office of Catherine's first secretary. He soon gained her en- tire confidence by his eloquence and brilliancy, and assisted her in the composition of ninny important ordinances. In seventeen hundred and eighty he presented a memorial on for- eign relations, and was immediately made a member of that 222 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XI. College of which he soon became the head. About this same time the influence of Potemkin became all-powerful. The French ambassadors, the Marquis de Juigne, Bouree de Cor- beron, the Marquis de Verac, and above all the Cointe de Segur, who represented France from seventeen hundred and eighty-five until seventeen hundred and eighty-nine, were again taken into favor in Russia. In seventeen hundred and seventy-seven, Maximilian-Joseph, the Flector of Bavaria, being dead, his succession occasioned a conflict between the house of Austria and Frederic the Second. In order to stop this war, which had already begun in Bohe- mia, the Courts of France and Russia agreed to offer their mediation, and in seventeen hundred and seventy-nine assem- bled a Congress at Teschen, in which Louis the Sixteenth was represented by M. Breteuil, and Catherine the Second by Prince Repnin. Peace was signed on the tenth of May. Bava- ria passed to the Elector Palatine, and Austria acquired only some districts upon the Danube, the Inn, and the Salza. In seventeen hundred and eighty, during the American War, the Empress, moved to indignation by the wrongs com- mitted by the English Admiralty against foreign merchant- men, joined with Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Austria, and Portugal to proclaim an armed neutrality. The celebrated act embodied the principles of a new maritime law, agreeing with the French code of seventeen hundred and seventy-eight. It was settled that neutral ships could freely navigate the coasts of the nations which were at war; that the goods be- longing to the subjects of the belligerent powers should be safe in neutral vessels, except in the case of contraband mer- chandise ; that " contraband goods " included only arms and munition ; that a port should be considered in a state of blockade only when the blockade was effectual, — that is, when the vessels attacking it should be so near as to render it dan- gerous to pass out ; and lastly that these principles should serve as a rule in trials and judgments on the legality of captures. 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II: LAST YEARS. 223 These principles were opposed at all points to those which the English Admiralty wished to see prevail. The latter held the theory that the blockade exists from the moment that it is declared by an act of the Admiralty, and considered as con- traband even grain, and all that could be, however indirectly, of use to the belligerents. France, which had at first laid down these principles, and to which the armed neutrality brought a moral support in its struggle with Great Britain, adhered to this declaration. Its allies, Spain and the Two Sicilies, followed the example. Holland even began a war with England to maintain the rights of the neutral powers. The Crimea had been declared independent by the treaty of Kairnadji ; and since seventeen hundred and seventy-four anarchy had been the normal state of the peninsula. The Sultan, deprived by this treaty of his temporal sovereignty, continued, as successor of the Khalifs, to claim the religious supremacy. The Tatar nobles, abandoned to themselves, were divided into two factions, the Russian party and the Turkish party, which in turn made and then deposed a Khan of the Crimea. Nearly thirty-five thousand Christians, Greeks, Armenians, and Catholics, disturbed by these civil discords, quitted the ravine of Tchufut-Kale and the wonder-working sanctuary of the Assumption, which was dug out of the hard rock, and emigrated in a body to the territory of Russia. In seventeen hundred and seventy-five the Khan Sahib-Girei, who was devoted to Russia, was overthrown and replaced by Devlet-Girei. He in his turn was dethroned by Catherine, and Shahin-Girei, whom Catherine made a captain of the Preobrazhenski regiment, reigned in his stead, but, by his attempts at European reforms, caused a general revolt. Sha- hin-Girei's own brothers put themselves at the head of the re- volt, and he was obliged to take refuse at TaGranroQ-. Russia interfered ; it proclaimed the union of the empire and the peninsula, which had been since the thirteenth century the home of banditti, and whose ravines had so often sent forth 224 HISTORY OF RUSSIA- [Chap. XI. Tatar squadrons to bring fire and flame to Moscow. Thus Catherine finished the work of the conqueror of Kazan, of Astrakhan, and of Siberia, bv the extinction of the last king- doni that recalled the Mongol yoke. The two military States which formerly disputed the steppes of the South, the Tatar khanate and the equally warlike re- public of the Zaporoshtsui, succumbed almost at the same time. In the face of the advent of civilization these old enemies were alike condemned to total ruin. Representatives of the ancient anarchy, children of the desert and the steppe, knights of pillage and of prey, they constituted a dangerous anachronism and an intolerable anomaly on the frontier of a prosperous Russia. The Porte protested against the annexa- tion of the Crimea, and threatened a rupture ; but France, which had formerly excited the war, tried this time to smooth matters. Catherine the Second recognized the good offices of the ambassador Saint-Priest, and addressed her thanks to Louis the Sixteenth. The Sultan acknowledged the cession of the Crimea and of the Kuban by the Treaty of Constanti- nople in seventeen hundred and eighty-three. Catherine gave great rewards to those who had had a share in bringing about this treaty. Potemkin was made general field-marshal and president of the college of war, and received a pres- ent of one hundred thousand rubles. Bezborodko received the order of Saint Andrew and a gift of three thousand serfs and forty thousand rubles. And the Austrian internuncio was presented with twenty thousand rubles and other valuable gifts. In seventeen hundred and eighty-four the Grand Duke Paul and his wife, under the names of the Count and Countess du Xord, made a tour in the West, and received a brilliant recep- tion in Paris. In seventeen hundred and eighty-seven the Comte de Segur, taking advantage of the good terms on which he stood with Potemkin, and the latter's desire to hasten the development of Odessa, by trading with the French ports on £780-1796.] CATHERINE II. : LAS1 YEARS. 225 the Mediterranean, concluded a treaty of commerce, an impor- tant negotiation in which all his predecessors had hitherto failed. SECOND WAR WITH TURKEY AND WAR WITH SWEDEN. All this time Russia maintained a close alliance with Joseph the Second, whom Catherine had gained over to her ambitious projects in the East. The Cabinet of Saint Petersburg pro- posed to that of Vienna a plan for the dismemberment of Turkey. " There ought to exist between the Russian, Aus- trian, and Turkish monarchies an intermediate State, forever independent of each, which, under the name of Dacia, should comprehend Moldavia, Valakhia, and Bessarabia, and have a sovereign who should belong to the Greek Church. Russia is to acquire Otchakof and the seaboard between the Bug and the Dnieper, besides one or two isles in the Archipelago. Austria is to annex the Turkish provinces on its frontiers. If the war is crowned with such success that the Turks are expelled from Constantinople, the Greek Empire is to be re- established in complete independence, and the throne is to be filled by the grandson of the Empress, the Grand Duke Kon- stantin Pavlovitch, who is to renounce all claims to the throne of Russia, so that the two kingdoms may never be united under the same sceptre." Joseph the Second accepted these propositions, but further stipulated that besides Servia, Bosnia, and the Herzegovina, the Slav provinces of the Turkish Em- pire, he should have the Venetian possessions in Dalmatia. Venice was to receive in exchange the Morea, Candia, and Cyprus. England, France, and Spain might share the spoils of Turkey. Such was the celebrated scheme of partition, known under the name of the " Greek project," which would have fulfilled all the wishes of Voltaire, who had died five years previously. The attitude of Russia became each day more threatening VOL. II. 15 2.26 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XI. to the Porte. The second son of Paul the First bore the sig- nificant name of Konstantin, and had been given a Greek nurse. The Taurid, annexed by Catherine the Second, who had alleged the security of the empire as the reason of her act, was becoming, in the hands of Potemkin, a menace to the Turks. Already Kherson had a formidable arsenal ; Sevasto- pol was being built ; there was a Russian fleet# on the Black Sea, and in two days it might cast anchor under the walls of the Seraglio. Catherine's agents continued to agitate in the Rumanian, Slav, and Greek provinces, and even in Egypt; she was preparing to incorporate the Caucasus, and had taken the Tsar of Georgia under her protection. The triumphal journey made by the Empress in seventeen hundred and eighty-seven to the governments of the South and the newly conquered provinces ; her interviews with the King of Poland and Joseph the Second ; the military equipment arrayed by Potemkin, prince of the Taurid; the arches with the famous Greek inscription, " The Way to Byzantium," still further alarmed and irritated the Porte. France, which too Avell knew the weakness of its former ally, tried to use a restrain- ing influence ; but England, and even Prussia, acted in the contrary way, in order to spite Russia. Sweden, which the French ambassador also tried to moderate, promised to aid the Sublime Porte. On the twenty-sixth of July, seventeen hundred and eighty- seven, Bulgakof, the Russian envoy, received the ultimatum of Turkey. It demanded the extradition of Maurokordato, hos- podar of Moldavia, who had taken refuge in Russia ; the recall of the Russian consuls of Iassy, Bukarest, and Alexandria, on the ground that they were disturbing the peace; the abandon- ment of the protectorate over Irakli the Second, Tsar of Geor- gia, the vassal of the Sultan ; the right of the Turks to inspect all Russian vessels navigating the Straits; and the admission of Turkish consuls or commissaries into the ports of the Rus- sian territory. Bulgakof refused to agree to these conditions. 1780 - 1796.] CATHERINE II. : LAST YEARS. 227 He was then confined in the Seven Towers, and on the six- teenth of August the Porte declared war. Russia was taken by surprise. Potemkin had not finished his preparations, and the fleet at Sevastopol had suffered se- verely from a recent tempest. " The child of fortune began to despair when he saw that he was beginning to be unfortu- nate." His letters to Catherine show how deeply he was dis- couraged ; and he even spoke of evacuating the Crimea. The Empress shows in her replies a masculine and dauntless soul ; she managed to prove to her favorite that the evacuation of the Peninsula would be the certain ruin of the great port of Sevas- topol and the infant fleet which had been created at such cost. Without waiting for the enemy, it was necessary to assume the offensive, and march on Otchakof or Bender. " I implore you to take courage and reflect," she writes ; " the brave soul can repair even a disaster." But Catherine had more than one enemy to cope with. While Turkey menaced her on the south, Prussia was schem- ing to force Poland to cede Dantzig and Thorn, and to oblige the two other co-partitioners to give up Gallicia. Finally Gustavus the Third declared his designs, abruptly laid claim to South Finland, demanded that he should be allowed to me- diate between Russia and Turkey, and, without awaiting a re- ply to his ultimatum, laid siege to Nyslot and Frederikshamn. If he had acted promptly, instead of wasting the ardor of his troops against the fortresses, he might have conquered Livonia, then defended by only two regiments, or surprised Saint Petersburg, which was deprived of its troops. Although the roar of the Swedish cannon could be heard in the Winter Palace, Catherine showed the courage that she enjoined on Potemkin. Nevertheless, horses were kept in readiness to transport the Court to Moscow if worse came to worst. She refused to desert her capital, and assembled in a few days twelve thousand men for its defence. She sent to Potemkin for re-inforcements which he refused to grant, saying that he 228 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XI. himself needed them more, and that the Swedish war was an old woman's Avar, which required only a few troops. The Swedish Meet was arrested on its way by the indecisive bat- tle of Ilogland, which took place July seventeen, seventeen hundred and eighty-eight. The Russian fleet suffered more severely than the Swedish ; but the Swedish ammunition gave out, and had the battle been renewed the following day, it would have been completely disastrous to the Swedes. The Russians lost their able commander, Admiral Greig, who had served with such honor in the naval engagement with the Turks. A revolt broke out even in the camp of the Swedish king, who was accused by his officers of violating his own constitution by declaring war without consulting the senate. Gustavus the Third was obliged to return to Stockholm, where he punished the conspirators, and by a new coup-d'etat obliged the assembly to give to the constitution a still more monarchical character. A diversion of the Danes in Sweden forbade his assuming the offensive, but in seventeen hundred and eighty-nine he got rid of them through the threatened intervention of England and Prussia, and took up arms against Russia ; his fleet, however, suffered considerable loss. Though he gained the naval battle of Svenska-Sund, where he cap- tured thirty vessels, six hundred cannon, and six thousand men, on the ninth of July, seventeen hundred and ninety, he found himself unable to pursue his advantage, which was com- promised by a second battle on the same seas. The affairs of France gave another direction to the ideas of this strange prince. He hastened to sign the Peace of Verelii, on the ba- sis of statu quo ante bellum, and passed from open hostilities to propositions of an alliance with Russia against the Revo- lution. In the South, Catherine had ready, in seventeen hundred and eighty-eight, an army of eighteen thousand men to protect the Caucasus, eighty thousand under Potemkin to capture Otchakof and to defend the Crimea, and thirty-seven thousand 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEAES. 229 under Rumiantsof to operate on the Dniester and in Moldavia ; while two hundred thousand Austrians under Joseph the Second, who had declared war against Abdul- Hamid on the ninth of February, threatened the line of the Danube and the Save. The Emperor was unfortunate in this war. He was forced to fall back beyond the Save. In the fall, feeling the growing discontent of Hungary, where the people had been irritated by his religious innovations and the nobles by en- croachments on their privileges, he resigned his command to the aged Laudon. Two little fortresses were captured, but the main army before Belgrad operated with such stupidity that the Grand Vizier penetrated into Hungary as far as Temesvar, where the Emperor met them with forty thousand men and was defeated. The Austrian left wing, amounting to eighteen thousand men under the Prince of Koburg, being joined by thirteen thousand Russians under Soltuikof, had better success, and on the seventeenth of September cap- tured Khotin, the key of Moldavia. During this time Su- vorof defended Kinburn against superior forces, and was wounded in a sortie. Potemkin, with his large army, was wasting his time and opportunity, instead of attacking Otcha- kof. Had he followed Suvorof's advice or appointed him to lead the Russians, this important place could easily have been taken in the spring. But Potemkin saw fit to despise the advice of others. A pasha came to the assistance of the city with half the Turkish fleet ; but in a naval battle with the Russians, who were commanded by the " so-called " Prince of Nassau-Siegen and Rear-Admiral John Paul Jones, he was defeated, with a loss of three thousand five hundred men. In trying to escape to his fleet in the Black Sea his remaining vessels were almost annihilated by a battery placed by Suvo- rof at Kinburn. While the Russian fleet was thus victorious, Potemkin began his work of beleaguering the city, threw up a few redoubts at a considerable distance from the walls, and waited for the Turks to be starved out ; but the Russians 230 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL suffered far more severely. The summer and the fall had passed, and the bitter winter was at hand. There was no fire- wood, and the soldiers were scantily clad. On the sixteenth of December there was only bread enough for one day. Potem- kin, therefore, brought to a decision by the necessity of the situ- ation, commanded an assault to be made. On the seventeenth, the morning of Saint Nicholas's day, the attack was begun. In order to give the men animation, they were furnished with brandy seasoned with Spanish pepper. Pour columns under Prince Repnin stormed the west side of the great intrench- ment, two attacked the east side and the city itself. The fearful cross-fire of the enemy, though it nearly destroyed one column of two thousand men, did not dismay the desperate Russians. In a few hours, after a fearful struggle, they mas- tered the city, making an entrance, some by ladders, some by breaches in the walls, some by crossing the frozen river and clambering over the lower fortifications on that side. The loss of the Turks was eight thousand, and the Russians lost even more. Among them were one hundred and seventy officers. In the massacre that followed, men and women were butch- ered with the most horrible cruelty. The treasure captured was enormous, gold, silver, and precious stones. Lieutenant Bauer undertook to carry the news of the victory to the Em- press, and accomplished the distance, more than two thousand versts, in the short space of nine days. Potemkin was rewarded with the great band of the Order of George, and a sword set with diamonds and bearing the inscription, " For Bravery." But according to the common belief he was distinguished rather for the opposite quality. During this campaign the Russians lost sixty thousand men, while the Austrians suffered still more severely. Catherine the Second, who had been in previous years accustomed to see French volunteers in the enemy's camp, now had the opportunity to applaud the prow- ess of the Baron dc Damas and Count de Bombcllcs, who fought under her own standard. 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEARS. 231 Iii seventeen hundred and eighty-nine Selim the Third, a man of great character, spirit, and knowledge, became Sultan at Constantinople, and Potemkin's intrigues finally succeeded in getting Count Rumiantsof recalled. The first action of this campaign took place on the twenty-seventh of April, and resulted in a victory for the Russians. On the thirty-first of July the Turks, thirty thousand strong, endeavored to attack the Prince of Koburg. Suvorof, with wonderful rapidity, marched with seven thousand of his troops through narrow passes over rough mountains, and in thirty-six hours joined his men with those of the Prince, who was at Fokshani, thirty-six miles away. The Turks lost ten cannon, sixteen flags, and their whole camp. Six weeks later the Austrians were again threat- ened by an overwhelming Turkish force amounting to one hundred thousand men. Again Suvorof saved the Prince of Kobnrg. At the battle of the Ruimnik, near Martinestie, on September twenty-second, the victory was won by twenty-five thousand Christians. The Grand Vizier, Kntchnk-Hassan, did not long survive this defeat. Suvorof earned by this victory the surname of Ruimnikski, and was made a count of the Roman and Russian empires, and the Prince of Koburg was appointed field-marshal. Each of the generals received also a sword adorned with precious stones valued at sixty thousand rubles. On the west Laudon took Belgracl in October, and conquered Servia ; while on the east Potemkin, on the six- teenth of November, successfully besieged Bender and sub- dued Bessarabia. Potemkin was again rewarded by the Em- press. She presented him with one hundred thousand rubles in gold, and a laurel wreath of emeralds and diamonds worth one hundred and fifty thousand rubles. Freed from the war with Sweden, Catherine the Second carried on hostilities with the Turks with greater vigor in seventeen hundred and ninety. Ismail, on the northern side of the Danube, was formidable from its position, and was de- fended besides by forty thousand men. Kutuzof had aban- 232 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XI. doned all hope of taking it, and Potemkin entreated the impet- uous Suvorof to be prudent. Snvorof, however, carried it by assault, with a loss of ten thousand men on the Russian and thirty thousand on the Turkish side. " Never," he writes to Potemkin, " was a fortress stronger than Ismail, and never was a defence more desperate ! But Ismail is taken." His exploits were sung by Derzhavin. In seventeen hundred and ninety Joseph the Second died ; and his successor, Leopold the Second, signed a peace at Sis- tova, in August, seventeen hundred and ninety-one, which gave him only the old town of Orsova and the territory of the Unna. Catherine still continued the war for some months. The fall of Akkerman and Kilia made her mistress of the mouths of the Danube. Repnin, with forty thousand men, defeated the Grand Vizier with one hundred thousand at Matchin, while Ushakof dispersed the Turkish fleet and surrounded Varna, so as to cut off the Grand Vizier's communications with Constantinople, and the Sultan, in alarm, implored peace ; and, as Catherine's attention was claimed by the affairs of France and Poland, she was not disinclined. By the separate Peace of Iassy, which was signed in January, seventeen hundred and ninety-two. she retained only Otchakof and the seaboard between the Bug and the Dniester, and stipulated for guarantees in favor of the Danubian Principalities. This war was more severe than the preceding one had been, and the success more disputed. The Turks, thinking themselves on the eve of being driven into Asia, managed to make a better fight than in the struggle of seventeen hundred and sixty-seven. SECOND PARTITION OP POLAND: DIET OP GRODNO.— THIRD PARTITION : KOSCIUSZKO. The years between seventeen hundred and seventy-three and seventeen hundred and ninety-one had been, for Poland, years of valiant efforts and needful reforms. Tvzenhaus had founded a school of medicine in Warsaw, the old universities 2780-1796.] CATHEEINE II.: LAST YEAKS. 233 of Vilna and Cracow had been reorganized, and a number of secondary schools created, for which the French philoso- pher Condillac had compiled a manual of logic. Stanislas Poniatovski, the correspondent of Voltaire, the friend, the " dear son " of Madame Geoffrin, had induced French and Italian artists to visit the country. National historians and poets adorned with their talents the last years of indepen- dence. It was a real Polish renaissance, under the salutary influence of the universal French genius. " Progress was rapid," says Lelevel ; " in a few years no more was seen of those sombre superstitious practices, of that hideous bigotry, which had stained with blood the piety of the faithful ; char- latanism could no longer seduce them ; they spoke with a smile of the ancient faith in sorcery ; the phenomena of nature were explained in a reasonable way ; hatred gave place to fraternity among the worshippers at different shrines." The characters of the people, degraded for centuries by a fatal edu- cation, became elevated by the rational instruction given them at the new schools. A generation of men grew up strangers to the fanaticism and corruption of the preceding age, possessed with a passion for liberty and the country, whose crowning glory they were to be. To give an idea of the work accom- plished, we have only to compare the Zamoi'skis, the Kosciusz- kos, the Niemtsevitches, and the Dombrovskis with the men of the first partition. Poland wished to live, and made a last effort for its regeneration. It was necessary first to reform the hateful and anarchic constitution, which had been perfidiously guaranteed by the foreign powers, and had made Poland the laughing-stock and prey of its enemies. In seventeen hundred and eighty-eight the Diet of Warsaw established a committee for this purpose, raised the number of the army to sixty thousand men, and imposed new taxes. Circumstances seemed favorable to the boldest measures ; if France, occupied with its revolution, could not come to the aid of Poland, England appeared openly 234 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL hostile to Russia ; Turkey and Sweden declared war against Catherine, while Prussia was seeking the friendship of the Poles, and had persuaded Poniatovski to despise the Russian guarantee, and negotiated a treaty of alliance offensive and defensive. The Diet of seventeen hundred and ninety-one was formed into a confederation, and, deciding this time by a majority, undertook the reform of the constitution. It de- clared the throne hereditary, and nominated the house of Sax- ony heirs to Poniatovski ; it abolished the liberum veto, which was legal anarchy and organized venality; it shared the legis- lative power between the king, the senate, and the Chamber of Nuncios ; it centred the executive power in the king, as- sisted by six ministers, responsible to the Chambers, and in- vested him with the command of the armies and the appoint- ment of the officials. The towns obtained the ricrht of electing their judges, and of sending deputies to the Diet. None dared touch the rights of nobles over their peasants, for the nobles were then the fighting part of the nation, the "legal coun- try " ; and it was owing, in fact, to their patriotism that the revolution was accomplished. All that the Diet conld do was to sanction beforehand individual compacts made between the owners and their serfs, to the advantage of the latter. Such was the memorable constitution of the third of May, seven- teen hundred and ninety-one. A similar transformation which took place in Sweden at the royal conp-d'etat of seven- teen hundred and seventy-two had saved the monarchy of the Vasas from dismemberment, — would the parliamentary coup- d'etat of seventeen hundred ninety-one save Poland? Would the Northern courts, which thought it a crime on the part of the French liberals to weaken, by the constitution of the same year, the powers of the Bourbon kings, permit the Polish patriots to restore to their sovereign the essential prerogatives of royalty, the force necessary to subdue anarchy within, and cause the nation to be respected without ? Catherine the Second feared to protest as long as she had 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II. : LAST YEARS. 235 the Turkish war on her hands ; but when the Peace of Iassy Avas signed, she received at Saint Petersburg a deputation of Polish malcontents, who were disposed to cling to the liberum veto, and were alarmed at the promises made to the peasants. Amongst these unworthy citizens we may remark Felix Potot- ski, the hetman Branitski, Rzhevutski, and the two brothers Kazakovski. Catherine the Second authorized them to form the Confederation of Targovitsa. In her manifesto of the eighteenth of May, seventeen hundred and ninety-two, she reminded men that Russia had guaranteed the Polish consti- tution, and signalized the reformers of the third of May as accomplices of the Jacobins. Enlightened Russians were indignant at the perfidious language used by their ministers. •Semen Vorontsof, ambassador in London, writes, " The mani- festo had no right to enter into ridiculous eulogies on the ancient form of government, under which the Republic has flourished and prospered for so many centuries. That has an air of stupidity, if it is said in good faith, or of insulting con- tempt, if they believe, like the rest of the world, that it is the most absurd and detestable of all governments." The epithet " Jacobin " was, besides, singularly inapplicable to the Poles, who wished to strengthen the royal power. At the request of the Confederates of Targovitsa, eighty thousand Russians and twenty thousand Cossacks entered the Ukraina. Poniatovski turned to Prussia, and recalled the promises of help which had been given. Frederic William the Second replied that he had not been consulted about the change of the constitution, and that he considered himself absolved from all engagements. He wras already arranging with Russia a -second treaty of partition, from which Austria was to be excluded. Austria would have to content itself with any provinces it might wrest from revolutionary France. Russia likewise promised to help it to acquire Bavaria, in exchange for the Low Countries. The Poles, deserted by all, tried in vain to resist the Russian invasion. Their army of 236 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL Lithuania retreated without fighting, while the Polish army, properly so-called, gave battle at Zielentse, under Prince Iosiph Poniatovski ; and at Dubienka, on the Bug, under Thaddeus Kosciuzko, or Kostsiushko. Then King Stanislas pronounced himself ready to accede to the Confederation of Targovitsa, thus disavowing his glorious work of the third of May. The reformers Ignati Pototski, Kolontai, and Malakhovski had to withdraw, and their places in the council of the king were taken by Confederates of Targovitsa, who abolished the con- stitution. The liberum veto was re-established. The Polish patriots, remaining in ignorance of the treaty of partition, were unconscious of half their misfortunes. The King of Prussia in his turn crossed the western frontier, an- nouncing in his manifesto that the troubles of Poland com- promised the safety of his own States, that Dantzig had sent corn to the French revolutionaries, and that Great Poland was infested by Jacobin clubs, whose intrigues were rendered doubly dangerous by the continuation of the war with. Prance. The King of Prussia affected to see Jacobins whenever it was his interest to find them. The share which each of the powers should have was marked out in advance. Russia was to seize the eastern provinces with a population of three millions, as far as a line drawn from the eastern frontier of Kurland, which, passing Pinsk, ended in Gallicia, and included Borisof, Minsk, Slutsk, Volhynia, Podolia, and Little Russia. Prussia would take the long-coveted cities of Thorn and Dantzig, as well as Great Poland, Posnania, Gniezen, Kalish, and Tehenstokhovo. If Russia still only annexed Russian or Lithuanian territory, Prussia for the second time cut Poland to the quick, and another million and a half of Slavs passed under the yoke of the Germans. It was not enough to despoil Poland, now reduced to a territory less extensive than that which was now taken posses- sion of by Puissia ; it was necessary that it should consent to the spoliation, — that it should legalize the partition. A diet 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEARS. 237 was convoked at Grodno, under the pressure of the Russian bayonets. This same pressure, enforced by pecuniary corrup- tion, had been exercised in the elections, and the King was in some sense dragged to Grodno to preside over the ruin of his country. Sivers, Catherine's ambassador, displayed all the resources of an unscrupulous diplomacy which had seduc- tion, intimidation, and violence at its service. In spite of the support of bought deputies and Targovitsan traitors, he gained nothing for a long time. At last the Diet, in the deceitful hope of dividing its enemies, consented that the treaty of ces- sion to Russia should be ratified, but showed itself more stub- born with regard to Prussia. Sivers was forced to surround the Hall of Session by two battalions of grenadiers, point four pieces of cannon, and install General Rautenfels in a chair beside the King. Twenty days passed without his being able to extract a word of assent from the defenceless assembly. The Poles hated the Prussians above everything. Catherine might have delivered Great Poland from a hated yoke, and united all the kingdom under her authority, which would have been almost gratefully accepted. Like Semen Vorontsof, Sivers felt the enormous fault that was committed by aggran- dizing Prussia at the expense of a Slav country. Unhappily his instructions were positive. In order to triumph over this stubbornness he had four deputies carried off by his dragoons, and closely blockaded the assembly in the hall of delibera- tions. The day of September twenty-third, seventeen hun- dred and ninety-three, and the following night, were occupied bv a " silent session," while the Kins: sat on his throne, and the deputies on their benches, gloomy and dumb. At three in the morning Rautenfels left to fetch his grenadiers ; then the Marshal of the Diet, Bielinski, put the question. Ankie- vitch proposed to the nuncios a compromise which would give satisfaction to Prussia, while leaving to a " more happy pos- terity " the task of raising up the country. Bielinski asked three times, without taking breath, if the Diet authorized the 238 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL delegate to sign the treaty. No one replied ; then a voice was heard declaring the silence to be equivalent to consent. It was four o'clock in the morning, — the nuncios left the hall in profound grief, with streaming eyes. On the sixteenth of October the Diet concluded with Russia a treaty of alliance, or rather a compact of slavery, by which Catherine the Second guaranteed " the liberty of the republic"; that is, all the abuses of the old constitution. The Polish troops who were encamped on the provinces ceded to the Empress received orders to swear allegiance to her; the army belonging to the republic was to be reduced to only fifteen thousand men. By its fanaticism and electoral corruption Poland had mer- ited its misfortunes in seventeen hundred and seventy-two ; it did not merit those of seventeen ninety-three. History will not forget the generous efforts of the Tchartoruiski, of the greater part of the nobility, and of the patriotic "third estate," for the reform of the country. The citizens of the large towns, inspired by French ideas, were indignant at this new attempt against their country. The army, still twenty-rive thousand men strong, had received with fury the order to disband. Part of the noblemen shared these sentiments, while the others, through fear of new taxes or social reforms, resigned themselves to foreign rule. The country proper remained apathetic and indifferent. Poland was cruelly expiating the harsh servitude that her pos- polit, in the full current of eighteenth-century civilization, had allowed to weigh on the rural classes. George Forster writes in seventeen hundred and ninety-one, " The Polish nobles alone in Europe have pushed ignorance and barbarism so far that they have almost extinguished in their serfs the last lin- gering sparks of thought." This is one of the extenuating circumstances invoked by Russian or German historians to excuse the dismemberment; the lot of the peasants was not to grow worse under Russian domination, and was to improve under German rule. 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEARS. 239 The Polish patriots had, however, placed all their hopes on Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the hero of Dubienka. lie was born in seventeen hundred and fifty-two, and admitted in seventeen hundred and sixty-four to the military school, founded by the Tchartorniski, where he had distinguished himself by unceas- ing labor. In Poland he received hard lessons in equality ; he saw his father assassinated by exasperated peasants, and he himself had been put to shame by the powerful noble Sosnov- ski, whose daughter he, a simple portionless gentleman, dared to ask in marriage. He fought in the American War, and returned invested with the republican decoration of the Cincinnati. After the second partition he quitted Warsaw and retired into Saxony, where he found the men of the third of May, — Malakhovski, Ignati Pototski, the ex-Chancellor Kolontai, Niemtsevitch, and all of Poland that was honorably devoted to liberty. He was then sent into France, and received promises of help from the Committee of Public Safety, and now he was working in Dresden to organize in Poland a vast conspiracy. He was soon able to reckon thousands of nobles, priests, citizens, and disbanded soldiers ; but in spite of the number of the con- spirators, General Igelstrom, who commanded in Warsaw for Catherine the Second, failed to seize the principal threads of the plot. The order to disband the army hastened the explosion. Madalinski refused to allow the brigade that he commanded to be disarmed, crossed the Bug, threw himself on the Prus- sian provinces, and then fell back on Krakof. At his ap- proach this city, the second in Poland, the capital of the ancient kings, rose and expelled the Russian garrison. Kos- ciuszko hastened to the scene of action, and put forth the "act of insurrection," in which the hateful conduct of the co-parti- tioners was branded, and the population called to arms. Five thousand scythes were made for the peasants, the voluntary offerings of patriots were collected, and those of obstinate 240 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XJ. and lukewarm people were extracted by force. Igelstrom, who was very uneasy in Warsaw, detached, nevertheless, Tormasof and Denisof against Krakof Deserted by Denisof, Tormasof came up near Ratslavitsa with Kosciuszko and Madalinski, the number of whose troops — -four thousand men, one half of whom were peasants — was almost equal to his own. The cavalry of the nobles gave way at the first shock, and fled, an- nouncing everywhere that Kosciuszko was defeated and cap- tured ; but the steadiness of the peasants preserved the Polish army, and twelve guns were taken from the Russians. To punish the cowardice of the cavalry officers, the dictator took off the dress of the gentleman and assumed that of a peasant. The news of this success soon reached Warsaw, and the representation of the " Krakovians," which seemed an allusion to the events in Gallicia, still further increased the excitement. Igelstrom had posted his regiments so injudiciously that their communication could easily be cut off by the Polish regiments in the town. The arsenal had not yet been delivered to the Russians, and remained in the hands of the patriots. On the seventeenth of April, at three o'clock in the morn- ing, the tocsin sounded in all the churches, and the insur- rection broke out. The people, excited by the shoemaker Kilinski and the merchant Kapostas, fell everywhere on the isolated detachments of Russians. Igelstrom found himself blockaded in his palace, unable to communicate with the scat- tered regiments, and assailed at once by the citizens and the Polish troops. On the eighteenth he left the town with great difficulty, abandoning twelve cannons, four thousand killed and wounded, and two thousand prisoners. Vilna, capital of Lithuania, followed the example of Warsaw, and expelled General Arson ief. A provisional government installed itself at Warsaw, and sent a courier to Kosciuszko. It was composed of men of the third of May, amongst whom Ignati Pototski represented the moderate and Kilinski the extreme party. King Stanislas 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEARS. 241 remained in his palace, treated with respect but watched, and taking no active part in public affairs, of which he was kept informed only by the courtesy of the government. To sum up, the revolution of the seventeenth of April, seventeen hun- dred and ninety-four, had a national and monarchic character, like the Constitution of the third of May, seventeen hundred and ninety-one. It sought the support of France, without following all the advice of the Convention. A special tribunal gave some satisfaction to the public conscience by seeking out the wretches who had betrayed their country, and whose con- nection with foreigners had been proved by the papers seized at the Russian embassy. Ankievitch, the hetmans Zabiello and Ozarovski, and Kazakovski, bishop of Livonia, were hung ; the brother of the latter, Kazakovski, hetman of Lithuania, had been punished at Vilna. In spite of the agitation caused by Kolontai and the demo- crats, Kosciuszko dared not settle the question about the peas- ants, and his manifesto of the seventh of May, seventeen hundred and ninety-four, was not put in force. He feared to risk the alienation of the military class, without gaining the rural masses, brutalized by centuries of oppression ; still he tried to win the clergy and the orthodox populations, by pro- claiming liberty of conscience, and the equality of different religions in the eye of the law. The Prussians, however, managed to take Krakof, which was only feebly defended by its commander. The govern- ment of Warsaw declared war against Frederic William the Second. The people, attributing the loss of Krakof to trea- son, rushed to the prisons, and promptly executed the seven men who were detained there. They deserved the fate that befell them ; they had been amongst the promoters of the Confederation of Targovitsa, they had been agents of Russia. Kosciuszko condemned this bloody justice, and insisted on the punishment of the rioters, but at the same time hastened the trial of the guilty prisoners. 242 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL General Za'io-ntchek had been defeated in the battle of Gol- kof by the Russians, and the Prussians were marching on the Vistula. The King of Prussia had quitted his army on the Rhine in order to direct the siege and bombardment of War- saw. Catherine affected to be indignant at this abandonment of the holy war which was to put down the Revolution and to help the common cause of kings and religion. The preten- sions of Prussia in respect to Krakof disturbed the good un- derstanding between the three powers of the North, disquieted Austria, and threatened to break the coalition formed against France. Frederic William, greatly disgusted with his Rus- sian ally, General Krushtchof, countermanded the order for assault, and raised the siege, being recalled to his own do- minions by an insurrection in Great Poland. •The Poles had hardly time to congratulate themselves on this success. The Russians were again in possession of Vilna ; the Austrians had entered Lublin. Still more threatening was the fact that the Russian general, Fersen, had crossed to the right bank of the Vistula in spite of Poninski, and was advancing to meet Suvorof, who was coming np with the army of the Ukraina, and had already beaten Sierakovski at Kruptchitse and at Brest-Litovski. If the two Russian armies, each of which was superior to the whole Polish force, managed to effect a junction, the insurrection was crushed. Kosciuszko, who had hastened to reinforce Sierakovski, speedily returned to take up a position at Matsiovitsui on the Vistula, equidistant from Warsaw and Lublin, where he meant to oppose Fersen. Around him were gathered his bravest lieutenants, — Pototski, Kaminski, Kolontai, Niem- tsevitch, the patriotic poet and general. The evening before the battle Kaminski pointed out to Xiemtseviteh the crows that were flying on their right. " Remember your Livv," he said ; "it is a bad omen." "A bad omen for the Romans, not for us," replied the brave poet. On the tenth of Octo- ber, seventeen hundred and ninety-four, Krushtchof attacked 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II.: LAST YEARS. 243 the van of the Poles, while Fersen ordered Denisof to lead the assault on the right, and Tormasof on the left. The Polish army, shaken by a violent cannonade, could not resist the charge of the bayonets. They gave way, and twenty-one guns and two thousand seven hundred prisoners remained in the hands of the Russians. All the generals were captured ; Kosciuszko was carried off half dead by the hetman Denisof, but there is absolutely no truth in the commonly repeated story that he exclaimed, " Finis Poloniae." The Russian gen- erals treated their prisoners well, and the officers tried to con- sole the wounded Niemtsevitch by complimenting him on the " Return from the other World," a poem in manuscript which they found in his pocket. Warsaw was horror-stricken by this calamity. Vavrzhevski took the place of Kosciuszko, but proved no adequate sub- stitute for the popular hero who had been the soul of the revolt. Suvorof was already before Praga, and the whole Russian army occupied its positions to the sound of drums and music. The impetuous general at once divided his army into seven columns. The Russian soldiers, on the eve of the assault, put on white shirts, as if for a wedding, and the holy images were placed at the head of the columns. At three o'clock on the morning of the fourth of November the signal was given, and in an instant the fosses were filled and the ramparts scaled. " The Poles," says a Russian witness, " de- fended themselves like heroes, with desperate recklessness." Praga suffered all the horrors of a capture by assault. In vain Suvorof renewed his orders " to spare the inhabitants, to give quarter to the vanquished, not to slay without a motive." The soldiers were too much exasperated against the Poles, whom they believed to be republicans, atheists, accomplices of the French Jacobins, murderers of their com- rades, disarmed in the revolt of the seventeenth of April. The dead numbered twelve hundred, the prisoners only a thousand. " The streets are covered with corpses ; blood 244 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL flows in torrents," says the first despatch of Suvorof. The massacre of Praga terrified Warsaw, which was ill protected by only the width of the Vistula from the Russian bullets. Suvorof refused to treat with Pototski and the men of the seventeenth of April, and King Stanislas had to act as mediator. Suvorof guaranteed to the inhabitants their prop- erty, a pardon, and offered passports to all persons who were compromised. He made his entrance into Warsaw, and was created field-marshal by the Empress. The King was sent to Grodno. The third treaty of partition, forced on the Empress by the importunity of Prussia, and in which Austria also took part, was put in execution in seventeen hundred and ninety-five. Russia took the rest of Lithuania as far as the Niemen, including Vilna, Grodno, Kovno, Novogrodek, Slonim, and the rest of Volhynia to the Bug, including Vladimir, Lutsk, and Kremenets. It thus attained the ex- treme limit of the countries formerly governed by the princely descendants of Rurik, except in the case of Gallicia, for the Empress, whose policy had abandoned Poland to the Germans, allowed Austria to take Red Russia after the first partition. Besides the Russian territory, Russia also annexed the old Lithuania of the Iagelos, and finally acquired Kurland and Samogitia. Prussia now possessed all Eastern Poland, with Warsaw ; Austria had Krakof, Sandomir, Lublin, and Shelm. Its pos- sessions extended towards the north, almost to the vicinity of Warsaw. The Polish army of Vavrzhevski had refused to be in- cluded in the capitulation of Warsaw, but, agitated by the quarrels of its leaders, and weakened by want of discipline and desertion, it was obliged to accept an honorable con- vention at Radoshuitse. The officers kept their swords, and obtained passports for foreign travel. The prisoners made at Matsiovitsui had been divided amongst the governments which had seized the places of their birth. Madalinski was sent to 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II. : LAST YEARS. 245 Prussia ; Kolontai and Zaiontchek to Austria ; Kosciuszko, Kapostas, Kilinski, Pototski, and Vavrzhevski to Saint Peters- burg. Poland was not yet dead : out of the remains of the army dispersed at Radoshuitse, Dombrovski was to form the famous Polish legions, for twenty years inseparable from the banners of the French Republic and the Empire. We shall find Dombrovski in Egypt, Iosiph Poniatovski at Borodino. The Poles, defeated at Matsiovitsui, will meet their con- querors on all the battle-fields in Europe, — in Italy, in Switzerland, in Austria, in Prussia, in Poland, in Lithuania. • Napoleon will satiate their vengeance against the robber powers, and, two hundred years after Vladislas, will lead the Polish troops into the holy city of Moscow. CATHERINE THE SECOND AND THE FRENCH REVO- LUTION.—WAR WITH PERSIA. Just before the breaking out of the Revolution the two governments of Louis the Sixteenth and Catherine the Second entered into negotiations for the purpose of forming a quad- ruple alliance, including Russia, Austria, and both houses of Bourbon, which was destined to keep in check the naval pre- tensions of England and the encroachments of Prussia. After the taking of the Bastile, Catherine understood that she could no longer look to France, which was then occupied with its internal transformation, for support. She followed events in Paris, however, with much anxiety, showed the most lively antipathy to the new principles, was one of those who advised Louis the Sixteenth to take refuge in Varennes, and fell ill at the news of the execution of the King on the twenty-first of January. The correspondent of Voltaire and Diderot allowed herself to be carried away by terror into the opposite of liber- alism. She had the bust of Voltaire taken down and cast among the rubbish of a lumber-room. She caused Russians suspected of liberal ideas to be watched, and their letters to be inspected; she mutilated Kniazhnin's tragedv of "Vadim at 246. HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XL Novgorod," and spoke of having it burned by the executioner ; Radishtchef, the author of the "Journey from Saint Peters- burg to Moscow," a curious book, with many reflections on serfage, was dismissed and sent to Siberia ; Novikof was ar- rested and confined in Schlusselburg, his publishing-houses and his printing-press closed, and all his enterprises ruined. She dismissed Genest, the French ambassador, and refused to recognize, first the Constitution of seventeen hundred and ninety-one, and then the Republic; put forth an edict an- nouncing the rupture of diplomatic relations with France; forbade the tricolor flag to enter the Russian ports; expelled all French subjects who refused to swear fidelity to the mo- narchic principle ; received the emigres with open arms, and hastened to acknowledge Louis the Eighteenth. In seventeen hundred and ninety-two she wrote the cele- brated note on the restoration of the royal power and aristo- cratic privileges in France, assuring every one that ten thousand men would be sufficient to operate a counter-revo- lution. She encouraged Gustavus the Third, who was shortly afterwards assassinated by his nobility, at a masked ball, on March sixteenth, seventeen hundred and ninety-two, to put himself at the head of the crusade against democracy ; urged England to aid the Count of Artois in a scheme for a descent on France ; and stimulated the zeal of Austria and Prussia. In sp'tc of all this, though she had many times consented to negotiate treaties of subsidies and promised troops, she took care never to engage in a war with the West. "My position is taken," she said, "my part assigned; it is my duty to watch the Turks, the Poles, and Sweden." The latter became reconciled with France after the deatli of Gustavus the Third. The punishment of the Jacobins of Warsaw and Turkey was indeed more easy and certainly more lucrative work. Per- haps we must also take into account an admission that she made, in seventeen hundred and ninety-one, to her Vice-Chan- cellor Ostermann : "Am I wrong? For reasons that I cannot 1780-1796.] CATHERINE II. LAST YEARS. 247 give to the Courts of Berlin and Vienna, I wish to involve them in these affairs, so that I may have elbow-room. Many of my enterprises are still unfinished, and they must be occu- pied so as to leave me unfettered." She excused herself for not taking part in the anti-revolutionary contest, alleging the war with Turkey ; and when obliged to hasten the Peace of Iassy on account of the revolution of the third of May, she made the Polish war another excuse. When the war was ended, she pretended to excite the zeal of Suvorof and his soldiers against the " atheists " of the West, but in reality only dreamed of forwarding her schemes in the East. Mo- hammed, the new king of Persia, had invaded Georgia and burnt Tiflis, the capital of Irakli, Catherine's protege. The Empress sent for an exiled brother of Mohammed to her court, and ordered Valerian Zubof to conquer Persia. In reality Catherine had been, against her will, more use- ful to France than to the coalition. By her intervention in Poland and her projects against the East, she had raised the jealousy and suspicions of Prussia and Austria. She took care to play off one against the other ; made the second par- tition with Frederic William in spite of Austria; and with Francis the Second the third partition, which disgusted Prus- sia. She contributed indirectly to agitate and dissolve the coalition, whilst the Polish insurrection, encouraged by France, prevented her from joining it. She died on the sixth (or more properly the seventeenth) of November, seventeen hundred and ninety-six, aged sixty-seven years. No sovereign since Ivan the Terrible had extended the frontiers of the empire by such vast conquests. She had given Russia for boundaries the Niemen, the Dniester, and the Black Sea. CHAPTER XII. PAUL THE FIRST. 1796-1801. Peace Policy: Accession to the Second Coalition. — Campaigns of the Ionian Islands, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, and Na- ples. — Alliance with Bonaparte: The League of the Neutrals and the Great Scheme against India. PEACE POLICY: ACCESSION TO THE SECOND COALITION. PAVEL, or Paul the First, was forty-two years of age when he ascended the throne. He was intelligent, and had some natural gifts, but his character was soured by the close dependence in which he had been held by his mother, who had even deprived him of the education of his children, and forbade him to appear before the army, by the humiliations forced on him by the favorites, and by the isola- tion to which he was abandoned by the courtiers, who always took pains to pay court to the powers of the moment. The mystery surrounding his father's death troubled and dis- quieted him. There was a touch of Hamlet in Paul the First. Like Peter the Third, he had a taste for military minutiae which amounted to a mania. He had a high idea of his authority, and was born a despot. He is supposed to have uttered the famous saying, " Know that the only person of consideration in Russia is the person whom I address, and only during the time that I am addressing him." He hated the Revolution with a blind hate, such as even Catherine 1796-1801/, PAUL I. 249 could not feel. Many of his eccentricities of conduct may be explained by his desire always to take a course directly in opposition to his mother, whom he secretly accused of having usurped his crown. Without being cruel, he caused much unhappiness, since he was as prompt to chastise as to pardon, as prodigal of exiles to Siberia as of unexpected favors. He began by abolishing the edict of Peter the Third about the succession, and re-established the monarchic principle of inheritance by primogeniture, from male to male in the direct line. He took advantage of his mother's obsequies to cause his father's remains to be exhumed, and to render the same honors to both sovereigns in the Church of the Fortress. Alexis Orlof had to march in procession by the coffin of his father, and to carry his crown. He did not punish his mother's favorites, but removed them from about his own person, giving his confidence to Rostoptchin and the austere Araktcheef. Bezborodko he confirmed in his place as Minister of Foreign Affairs. To re-establish the principle of authority, which he thought had been shaken in Russia, he revived the old rude manners, compelled the carriages of his subjects to halt when he passed, and made women as well as men salute him by throwing themselves on their knees in the mud or snow. He issued decrees full of minute provisions, forbidding the wearing of round hats, frock-coats, waistcoats, high collars, large neckties, and everything which savored of Jacobinism. He banished from the official language the words " society," " citizen," and other terms which his mother had delighted to honor. He made the censorship of the theatre and the press more rigor- ous than ever, forbade the importation of European books and music, forced the Russians who were travelling or studying abroad to return, and refused to allow any Frenchman to enter his territory, unless he were provided with a passport signed by the princes of the house of Bourbon. In Catherine's last years grave abuses must have crept into 250 HISTORY OP RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. the army, and no one but an emperor with a genius for war could accomplish the reforms which were necessary if Russia were to keep pace with Western improvements in tactics and in arms. Paul unfortunately took up the reforms in his usual narrow spirit. He had a craze for Prussian methods, and abolished the Russian national uniform, convenient, sol- dier-like, and well suited to the climate as it was. The Rus- sians did not recognize themselves in their Prussian costume, with pigtails, powder, shoe-buckles, shoes, gaiters, heavy caps, and uncomfortable hats. Old Suvorof shook his head and said, " Wig-powder is not gun-powder ; curls are not cannon ; a pigtail is not a sabre ; I am not a Prussian, but a Russian born." This epigram, a roughly rhymed quatrain in the origi- nal, was punished by the exile of the martial humorist to his village of Kutchevskoe. There he could bestride a cane and play horse with the small boys of the district, ring the church bells, read the epistle, and play the organ to his heart's con- tent. Paul showed more method and common-sense when he tried to reform the finances, which had been impaired in the last years of Catherine by endless wars, the dishonesty of officials, the luxury of the court, and the prodigal gifts be- stowed on favorites. As to foreign affairs, Paul's early policy was peaceful. He discontinued the levying of recruits in the way that his mother had been accustomed to do — that is, in the proportion of three men to every five hundred souls. He withdrew his forces from Persia, and left Georgia to take care of its own destiny. To the Poles he even showed some pity, recalled prisoners from Siberia, transferred King Stanislas from Grodno to Saint Petersburg, visited Kosciuszko at Schlusselburg, and set him, with the other captives, at liberty. He bade Koluitchef, Envoy Extraordinary at Berlin, tell the King of Prussia that he was neither for conquest nor aggrandizement. He dictated to Ostermann a circular which was to be communicated to foreign powers, in which he declared that Russia, and Russia 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 251 alone, had not ceased from waging war since seventeen hun- dred and fifty-six ; that these forty years of war had exhausted the nation ; that the Emperor's humanity did not allow him to refuse his beloved subjects the peace for which they were lousing : that though for these reasons the Russian army would take no part in the contest with France, nevertheless, " the Emperor would remain as closely as ever united with his allies, and oppose by all possible means the progress of the mad French republic, which threatened Europe with total ruin, by the destruction of its laws, privileges, property, religion, and manners." He refused all armed assistance to Austria, then alarmed by Bonaparte's victories in Italy ; he recalled the ves- sels sent by Catherine to join the English fleet in blockad- ing the coasts of France and Holland. He even received the overtures made by Caillard, the French envoy in Prussia, to the Russian envoy Koluitchef, and caused the latter to ob- serve " that the Emperor did not consider himself at war with the French, that he had clone nothing to harm them, that he was disposed to live in peace with them, and that he would persuade his allies to finish the war, offering to this end the mediation of Russia." But difficulties soon arose between France and Russia. The treaty of Campo Formio had given the Ionian Islands to- the French, who thus acquired a position threatening to the East, and a greater influence over the Divan. The Director- ate authorized Dombrovski to organize Polish legions in Italy. Panin at Berlin intercepted a letter from the Directorate to the French envoy, in which there was a question of the res- toration of Poland, under a prince of Brandenburg. Paul, on his side, took into his pay the corps of the Prince of Conde, and stationed ten thousand emigres in Volhynia and Podolia. Fie offered an asylum to Louis the Eighteenth, who was ex- pelled from Brunswick, established him in the ducal palace of Mitava, and gave him a pension of two hundred thousand rubles. The news that a French expedition was being nays- 252 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIL teriouslv organized at Toulon caused hiin to tremble for the security of the coasts of the Black Sea, which were immedi- ately put into a state of defence. The capture of Zagurski, Russian Consul at Corfu ; the reduction of Malta by Bona- parte, and the arrival at Saint Petersburg of the banished knights, who offered Paul the protectorate of their order, with the title of Grand Master ; the invasion of the Swiss territory by the Directorate ; the expulsion of the Pope and the proclamation of the Roman Republic, — all precipitated the rupture. Paul further concluded an alliance with Turkey, which was irritated at the invasion of Egypt, and also with England, Aus- tria, and the kingdom of Naples. It was thus that, owing to Bonaparte's double aggression against Malta and Egypt, Rus- sia and Turkey were forced, contrary to all traditions, to make common cause. Paul undertook that his fleet should join the Turkish and English squadrons, to furnish a body of troops to make a descent upon Holland, and another to con- quer the Ionian Islands, besides a great auxiliary army for the campaigns in Switzerland and Italy. CAMPAIGNS OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS, ITALY, SWITZ- ERLAND, HOLLAND, AND NAPLES. In the autumn of seventeen hundred and ninety-eight a Turco-Russian fleet capt tired the French garrisons of the Ionian Islands. Among the powers opposed to France, Na- ples was the first to take the field. The unlucky Colonel Mack was summoned from Vienna to organize the wretched army which the Queen had managed to collect. Champion- net was the commander of the French forces stationed in the vicinity of Rome. On the twenty-fifth of November the Nea- politan army suddenly invaded the territory of the Roman republic in five divisions. The strongest column, consisting of thirty thousand men, under the command of the King, directed its course upon Rome, which Championnet immedi- CHURCH OF PETER AND PAUL IN THE FORTRESS. 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 253 ately evacuated so as to unite his forces farther to the North. Although Ferdinand entered the Holy City with all possible pomp, when he found that the French had closed in on every side of him, he took his favorite, the Duca d'Ascoli, and, exchanging clothes with him, secretly deserted his army and returned to Naples on the tenth of December. Seventeen days after the Neapolitan army had entered Rome the French returned in the full glory of conquest. Meanwhile in Naples cowardice had shown itself everywhere, but nowhere more strikingly than in the King. He ordered all his ships of war to be burnt, and hastened himself to Palermo. The lower classes, seeing the fearful conflagration, suspected treachery in the generals, and a tumult broke out which threatened Mack and his officers with destruction. The King then fled under Nelson's protection to Sicily, and appointed as Viceroy Prince Pignatelli, one of the Queen's favorites, a man of the low- est qualities. When the people heard that Pignatelli had sent a messenger to Championnet without asking permission of the city authorities, that Capua had been evacuated by Mack, and that the French had gained all the approaches to the town without striking a blow, they immediately formed into a kind of assembly, and strengthened themselves by a choice of officers from the nobility and middle classes, so that they were ready to act against not only Mack and the Vice- roy, but also the French. Mack and Pignatelli had persuaded the French to agree to a truce of two months on the condi- tion that certain strongholds should be evacuated and that the city of Naples should pay the French ten million francs. But when the French delegates came to collect the first half of this impost, a great tumult arose, and thousands of the lazza- roni stormed Castel Nuovo, or the New Port, and collecting arms at the arsenal, hastened against Pignatelli's palace. The Viceroy then followed the King's example, and fled to Sicily, where he was confined in prison for desertion. Mack, in January, seventeen hundred and ninety-nine, resigned his 254 HISTORY OF EUSSIA. ("Chap. XII. position as Neapolitan general, and in the uniform of an Aus- trian took refuge with Championnet, who received him with kindness. The uproar increased in the city, and finally every one, not a lazzarone or priest, who was found on the street was ruth- lessly murdered. Championnet, on the twentieth of January, divided his army into four columns, and endeavored to pene- trate the city by four different gates. Every step was bought with blood ; every house was transformed into a castle, and though the skill of the French and their well-directed artillery did great execution, and though the natives fought without officers, yet it was only on the third day that the bloody con- flict came to an end. Before the thousand Frenchmen and three thousand Neapolitans who had lost their lives were buried, the new republic was declared. The French made a triumphal entry, Championnet took up his abode in the King's palace, and the Philosopher of Southern Italy, Maria Pagano, was summoned to prepare the constitution of the new state, which was called the Parthenopean Republic, after the old name of Naples. The Russian army in Holland was put under the orders of Hermann, that of Switzerland under those of Rimski-Korsa- kof, while, at the request of Austria and the suggestion of England, the victor of Fokshany and Ruimnik was appointed to the Austro-Russian army of Upper Italy. Paul the First, flattered by this mark of deference, recalled Suvorof from his village exile. " Suvorof has no need of laurels," wrote the Tsar, " but the country has need of Suvorof." The Directorate, taken by surprise, having not only France to protect, but likewise the Batavian, Helvetian, Cisalpine, Ligurian, Roman, and Neapolitan republics, — that is to say, the vast line of country that extends from the Zuyder Zee to the Gulf of Taranto, — had very inferior numbers to oppose to those of the coalition : in Holland twenty thousand men, under Brune, against forty thousand Anglo-Russians, under 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 255 York and Hermann ; on the Rhine, fifty thousand, under Ber- nadotte and Jourdan, against the seventy thousand of the Archduke Charles ; in Switzerland, thirty thousand, under Massena, against Hotze and Bellegarde, who had seventy thousand Austrians in the Vorarlberg and the Tyrol ; in Upper Italy, fifty thousand, under Scherer, against the sixty thousand Austrians of Kray ; at Naples, thirty thousand, under Macdonald, against thirty thousand English, Russians, and Sicilians. At last the Russians arrived in Switzerland, forty thousand in number, under Rimski-Korsakof ; in Italy, to the number of forty thousand, divided into two corps, that of Rosenberg and that of Rebinder, with Suvorof in chief command. Con- sequently the French had only one hundred and eighty thou- sand to oppose to three hundred and fifty thousand allies. When Suvorof passed through Vienna, and was offered the position of Austrian field-marshal, he took it on the condi- tion that he should be subject only to the Emperor, not to the Hof-Kriegsrath, the Aulic council of war. He therefore refused to communicate his schemes to Thugut, the acting minister. When the Austrians questioned him as to his plan of campaign, he showed a blank paper signed by the Emperor Paul. His object, he declared, was Paris, where he would restore the throne and the altar. To his soldiers he repeated the formulae of his military catechism : " A sudden glance, rapidity, impetuosity ! The van of the army is not to wait for the rear ! Musket-balls are fools ; bayonets are the fine fel- lows ! The French beat the Austrians in columns, and we will beat them in columns." He scoffed at the slowness and pedantry of the Hof-Kriegsrath. "Parades, manoeuvres! too much confidence in their talents ! To know how to conquer, well ; but to be always beaten is not smart ! The Emperor of Germany desires that, when I have to give battle to-morrow, I should first address myself to the Court of Vienna. The accidents of war change rapidly ; one cannot be tied down 256 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. to a fixed plan. Fortune flies like the lightning : one must seize opportunity by the forelock ; it will never come back." The Austrians had already defeated Jourdan at Stokach, March twenty-ninth, seventeen hundred and ninety-nine, and Scherer at Magnano, April ninth. Massena, although victo- rious at the first battle of Zurich, had been obliged to retreat behind the Limmat and the Linth, on the heights of the Al- bis. On the twenty-eighth of April, Austria, believing that where the French were concerned it might violate with impu- nity the law of nations, assassinated their plenipotentiaries at Rastadt. Suvorof, on his arrival at Verona, took the com- mand of the allied forces. The Austro-Russian army numbered about ninety thou- sand ; the French, under Moreau, no more than thirty thou- sand, which included the Italian legions and three or four thousand men of the Polish legions. These Poles represented the Slav element in the French army, as the Russians did in that of the coalition. This quarrel of kinsmen, which began at Matsiovitsui and Warsaw, was to be continued on the bank of the Adda. Suvorof surprised the passage of this river at Cassano, on April twenty-eighth, penetrated the centre of Morcau's division, and surrounded the right wing ; Serrurier and about three thousand men were made prisoners. Moreau retired into Piedmont ; imperilled next by the loss of Ceva and of Turin, he was forced to take refuge in the Alps. Suvorof made his entry into Milan amidst the accla- mations of the nobles, the priests, the excited populace, of all the enemies of the Revolution, and abolished the Cisalpine Republic. But, harassed by the advice of the Hof-Kriegsrath, instead of attacking the fifteen thousand men who remained with Moreau, he amused himself by laying siege to Mantua, Alessandria, and the citadel of Turin. Macdonald hastened from the end of the Peninsula with the army of Naples. After having opened communications with Moreau, he conceived the project of throwing himself =5£r: ; WW 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 257 between Alessandria and Mantua, and separating the two principal bodies of the allied army. He defeated the Aus- trians on the Tidona, but came up with Suvorof on the Treb- bia. The battle lasted three days, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth of June : the ferocity of the French, Russians, and Poles rendered it extremely bloody. On the seventeenth the French amounted to only twenty-eight thousand against forty thousand ; the next day twenty-four thousand against thirty- six thousand : numbers were sure to tell. Each army lost from ten to twelve thousand men, and Macdonald hastened to rejoin Moreau in the gorges of the Alps. Mantua had capitulated. In the South the Anglo-Russians, allied with the banditti of Cardinal Ruffo and of the brigand Michael Pezza whom the people called Fra Diavolo, expelled the French garrisons from Neapolitan territory. A frightful reaction flooded the streets of Naples with blood, and two thousand houses were burned by the bandits and lazzaroni in July, seventeen hundred and ninety-nine. The Directorate made a last effort to reconquer Italy. The army of the Alps, increased by new reinforcements to forty thousand men, was placed under the command of General Joubert, who had said to his vouns wife, " You will see me either dead or victorious." Joubert wished to relieve Ales- sandria, and to prevent this Suvorof marched quickly up with seventy thousand men, and gave him battle at Novi on August fifteenth. Joubert was killed at the beginning of the action. The two armies each lost eight thousand men, and the remains of the Polo-French troops fell back into the mountains of Genoa. Italy was lost to France ; the Cisalpine, Roman, and Neapolitan republics were extinguished. The Russians and Austrians separated after the victory. The German generals could not endure the vanity of Suvorof, who had been given the additional title of Kniaz Italiiski. Thugut was even more disturbed by his peculiar views of pol- icy. Italiiski imagined that he had fought for the restoration VOL. II. 17 258 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. of sovereigns, and not for the private ambition of the house of Austria. He wished therefore to establish a national gov- ernment in Piedmont, and to reorganize the Piedmontese army under its own standard. But Thugut cared nothing about the restoration of Victor-Amadeus, or of the Pope. The misunderstanding increased ; it was decided that Suv- orof should abandon Italy, and join Rimski-Korsakof in Switzerland, so as to defend the snowy mountains of Helve- tia with a purely Russian army. Suvorof, who already saw himself in Pranche-Comte and on the route to Paris, accepted the work. In Switzerland, after the first battle of Zurich, Massena had retired to the heights of the Albis, behind the line formed by the Linth, the lake of Zurich, and the Limmat. He had been opposed in his movements by the Archduke Charles, with twenty-five thousand men ; by Korsakof, with twenty- eight thousand Russians ; and by Hotze, with twenty-seven thousand Austrians. The Archduke was about to evacuate Switzerland and lay siege to Philippsburg, and he was to be replaced by Suvorof with twenty thousand men. It would be a critical moment for the allies when the Archduke should have evacuated Switzerland and Suvorof should not yet have arrived, and this was the moment eagerly awaited by Mas- sena. He had now sixty thousand men against fifty-five thousand, which the army of Suvorof, Prince of Italy, would increase to seventy-five thousand. On the twenty-fifth of Sep- tember Massena surprised the passage of the Limmat near Dietikon, and cut the Russian army in two. The Russian grenadiers who defended Dietikon fought till their powder was exhausted, refused to surrender, and died in their ranks. The other corps were defeated one after the other. Korsakof, forced back upon Zurich, caused the gates to be closed. In the night Massena sent him envoys, who were captured or re- pulsed by musketry. On the twenty-sixth of September Kor- sakof formed an immense square of fifteen thousand men, and 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 25<J attacked the French. " This dense and impenetrable mass," says Major Masson, " had always driven the enemy before it at every point." But this system of tactics, which had been successful against the Poles and the Turks, was certain to fail against the French. Decimated by the sharpshooters and light artillery, shaken by a general charge of cavalry, and in- fantry with bayonets, the Russians had to fall back into Zu- rich, leaving the field of battle covered with dead, and with wounded, who pressed holy images and relics to their breasts. They had lost six thousand men, their guns, the army treasure, the official papers, and sacred plate. Korsakof fled to Egli- sau. Then Massena made Udinot attack Zurich and the Swiss legion, and took all the Russian stores and baggage. It was here that the celebrated Lavater perished, killed by a drunken Swiss soldier. On the twenty-fifth Soult, on his side, had crossed the Linth, and defeated Hotze, who was killed. The allies retreated in disorder on SchafFhausen, with a loss of ten thousand prisoners, twenty Austrian can- nons, and nearly all the Russian artillery. Such was the victory of Zurich. " Bonaparte," says M. Duruy, " has no more glorious battle, for the victories which insure the salvation of a country are worth more than those which only add to its power or the glory of its chiefs." Suvorof, however, had arrived, by dint of forced marches, at Taverno, near Bellinzona. The Austrian administration had neglected to gather together a sufficient number of sumpter mules for the passage of the Alps, and Suvorof lost four pre- cious days, which were spent in impressing them from the surrounding country. He reached only as far as the Saint Gothard on the twenty-first, and crossed it under immense difficulties, after a sharp skirmish with some French detach- ments stationed on the mountains. He plunged at once into the narrow valley of the Reuss, enclosed between mountains so precipitous that the road many times crosses the torrent, notably at the Pont du Diable. 260 HISTORY OF EUSSIA. [Chap. XII. " In this kingdom of terrors," writes Suvorof in his de- spatch to Paul, " abysses open beside us at every step, like tombs awaiting our arrival. Nights spent among the clouds, thunder that never ceases, rain, fog, the noise of cataracts, the crashing of avalanches, enormous masses of rocks and ice which fall from the heights, torrents which sometimes carry men and horses down the precipices, the Saint Gothard, that colossus which sees the mists pass under it, — we have sur- mounted all, and in these inaccessible spots the enemy has been forced to give way before us. Words fail to describe the horrors we have seen, and in the midst of which Provi- dence has preserved us." The impression produced on the natives of the great Russian plains by the grandeur of the Swiss Alps is graphically sketched in the curious " Narrative of an Old Soldier," the memoirs of an eyewitness who was a companion of Suvorof. The tenacious Lecourbe, charged by Massena to retard the Russian advance, had only eleven thousand men, but with them he expected to "crush Suvorof in the mountains." At Hospital he disputed the passage of the Reuss, cannonaded the Russians till his ammunition was exhausted, threw his artillery into the stream, went down to defend the Pont du Diable, which he blew up, and finally fell back on Seedorf, where he broke down the bridge. Suvorof crossed the pre- cipitous chain of Schachenthal, and only reached Altdorf a«d Multenthal on the twenty-sixth, having lost two thousand men on the way. It was here that he heard of the disaster of Zurich and the flight of Korsakof, and that he grasped the full horror of his situation ; lost in the heart of the mountains, betrayed by the carelessness of his allies, enclosed in Multen- thal as it were in a mouse-trap, surrounded on all sides by a victorious army, with numbers superior to his own. On his rear Gudin had again occupied the Upper Reuss ; on the road to Stanz Lecourbe had taken up a position at Seedorf; on the road to Schwitz Massena had concentrated the corps of Mortier ; 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 2G1 on the road to Glarus Molitor was posted, whom Soult was about to reinforce. This was the most splendid moment of Suvorof's life. His heroic retreat is more glorious than his victories in Italy, which were gained with superior forces ; no general in such a desperate situation ever showed more indom- itable energy than this little man, now nearly seventy years old. He resolved to cross Mont Bragel, though the snow was sixty-five centimeters deep, and to cut a way by the Kleinthal and the route to Glarus. His rearguard, left in the Mul- tenthal, resisted for three days the assaults of Massena, thus protecting the retreat of the army, while the vanguard took Glarus, and forced Molitor back on Naefels. There Molitor checked the Russians, who were obliged to retire on the Rindskopff, on whose glaciers many hundreds of men per- ished. Thence they succeeded in gaining Illanz, Coire, and Feldkirch. Suvorof, with the gallant remnant of his army, took up his winter-quarters between the Iller and the Lech. On the twenty-seventh of August the Anglo-Russians had disembarked on the Texel, and captured the Dutch fleet, but the Batavian populations remained faithful to the cause of liberty, and on the nineteenth of September Brune, reinforced, defeated the allies at Bergen. He then fought them in four other battles, besieged them in Zyp, and made Alkmaer and the Duke of York capitulate on October eighteenth. The An- glo-Russian army obtained leave to march out. The remains of the Russian forces re-embarked ; but being coldly received in England, they were, so to speak, " interned " in the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. Massena and Brune had saved the frontiers of the republic, prepared the ruin of the coalition, and deprived the coup- d'etat of Brumaire of all excuse. Wl HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. ALLIANCE WITH BONAPARTE : THE LEAGUE OF THE NEUTRALS, AND THE GREAT SCHEME AGAINST INDIA. Paul the First, Savorof, and all Russia accused Austria of treason. The Emperor Francis, by the advice of England, humbly consented to explain the misunderstanding which had lost Korsakof, and almost lost Suvorof. The Tsar, a little softened, suspended the retreat of the Russian army, but in- sisted in return on the recall of Thugut, and the restoration of the Italian princes to their reconquered States. Austria could not relish this disinterested policy, or renounce its plans. Thugut, threatened with the loss of his post, labored to com- plete the rupture. It was insinuated to the Russian Emperor that the maintenance of his troops in Bohemia constituted a heavy charge for the hereditary States. The irritable Tsar learned in addition that a conflict had taken place at the siege of Ancona. This maritime station was being besieged by the Austrians, Russians, and Turks; the Austrian general secretly concluded a capitulation with the French, stipulated that his soldiers alone should be admitted into the fortress, and caused the Turkish and Russian flags, which had been fixed on the ramparts beside his own, to be removed. This insult to his banner completed Paul's exasperation. Similar diplomatic results followed after the defeat at Ber- gen ; a quarrel with England, which was likewise accused of treason, soon succeeded to the dispute with Austria. Bona- parte, who promptly destroyed at Marengo all the fruits of Suvorof s victories, who appeared to the Russians almost as an avenger against the perfidy of the Austrians, — Bonaparte, whose despotic principles reassured the Tsar, and whose glory blinded him, cleverly turned to account Paul's irritation. He began by declaring that he returned, without exchange, all the Russian prisoners, newly equipped at the expense of France. Paul was the more touched by this action, as Aus- tria and England had refused to exchange the Russian sol- 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 203 diers for the French prisoners whom they held. Negotiations were opened by means of Berlin, and the French and Russian agents at Hamburg. Bonaparte took care to attack the Tsar on his weak sides, his easily offended dignity and his affectation of chivalrous disinterestedness. He offered to indemnify the King of Sardinia, to re-establish the Pope in Rome, and to recognize Paul as Grand Master of Malta, and owner of the island. Malta was at that time blockaded by the English, who in September, eighteen hundred, made themselves masters of it. Their refusal to relinquish this important post to Paul the First greatly irritated him. Disturbed by the maritime tyranny of Great Britain, which had declared the ports of France and its allies in a state of siege, and had begun once more the system of vexations against the neutral ships, Paul renewed the famous Act of Armed Neutrality, and sought the support of Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. Bonaparte has- tened to express his assent to the Russian principles. During this time General Sprengtporten, who, under pretext of taking command of the Russian prisoners in Paris, had been sent on a secret mission, was followed there by Koluitchef, charged with more precise instructions. Koluitchef was particularly to persuade Bonaparte to take the title of King himself, and to make it hereditary in his family, as the only means " of changing the revolutionary principles which have armed all Europe against France." On this point the First Consul was only too well disposed. Negotiations began on the following bases : France was to respect the integrity of Naples and Wurtemberg, to re-establish the King of Sardinia in Pied- mont, while reserving Savoy for itself, and to retain the left bank of the Rhine, subject to an understanding with Russia, for the indemnification of the depossessed princes. It was under the Franco-Russian mediation that secularization was to take place in Germany. Paul, with his usual impetuosity, was possessed by a daily increasing passion for Bonaparte ; he surrounded himself with 2G4 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. his portraits, drank his health publicly, and abruptly ordered Louis the Eighteenth to quit Mitava. It was then that the two sovereigns arranged together the great scheme that had for its object the complete overthrow of the English rule in India. France still occupied Egypt ; it was authorized to keep garrisons in the southern ports of the kingdom of Naples ; the French agents traversed Arabia and the Indian States. Paul on his side, to secure himself a basis of operations, ordered his troops to the Caucasus, and, at the request of the son of Irakli, pronounced Gruzia, or Georgia, to be united to the empire. The expedition against English India was to be made by two different routes ; the command of a Russian army, destined for the Upper In- dus by way of Khiva and Bokhara, was given to Knorring. In January, Orlof-Denisof, Ataman of the Don Cossacks, re- ceived letters from Paul, desiring him to begin his movement on Orenburg. " The English are preparing for an attack by land and sea against me and my allies, the Swedes and the Danes ; I am ready to receive them. But it is necessary to be beforehand with them, and to attack them on their most vul- nerable point, and on the side where they least expect it. It is three months' march from Orenburg to Hindostan, and it takes another month to get from the encampments of the Don to Orenburg, making in all four months. To you and your army I confide this expedition. Assemble therefore your men, and begin your march to Orenburg ; thence, by whichever of the three routes you prefer, or by all, you will go straight with your artillery to Bokhara, Khiva, the river Indus, and the English settlements in India. The troops of the country are light troops, like yours ; you will therefore have over them all the advantage of your artillery. Prepare everything for this campaign. Send your scouts to recon- noitre and repair the roads. All the treasures of the Indies shall be your recompense Such an enterprise will cover you with immortal glory, will secure you my good-will in pro- 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 265 portion to your services, will load you with riches, give an opening to our commerce, and strike the enemy a mortal blow." .... " India, to which I send you, is governed by a supreme head, called the Great Mogul, and a number of small sover- eigns. The English possess commercial establishments there, which they have acquired by means of money, or conquered by force of arms. The object of this campaign is to ruin these establishments, to free the oppressed sovereigns, to put them with regard to Russia in the same state of dependence that they now are with regard to the English, and finally to secure for ourselves the commerce of those regions Be sure to remember that you are only at war with the English, and the friend of all who do not give them help. On your march you will assure men of the friendship of Rus- sia. Erom the Indus you will go to the Ganges. On the way you will occupy Bokhara, to prevent the natives from going over to China. At Khiva you will deliver some thou- sands of my subjects who are kept prisoners there. If you need infantry, I will send it to follow in your footsteps. There is no other way, but it will be best if you can be suffi- cient for yourselves." In February he wrote : " The expedi- tion is urgent ; the earlier the better." Such were the instructions, a little premature and inconse- quent, that Paul sent daily with incomplete maps to Orlof- Denisof. These letters abound in contradictions. He promises his Cossacks all the wealth of the Indies, and forbids them to attack princes who remain neutral ; in the same line he en- joins them to free the princes, and to place them under the sovereignty of Russia. To go from the Don to the Volga, from the Ural to the Indus, from the Indus to the Ganges, is far from being an easy undertaking, and he intrusts the Ata- man, besides, with missions to Khiva and Bokhara. These letters of Paul, published by the Russka'ia Starina, made some noise in the Russian press at the beginning of the pres- ent quarrels with England. 286 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. This plan really began to be executed, as we see by the "Memoirs of the Ataman Denisof," nephew of the late Ata- man, published in the same collection. He assembled eleven regiments of Cossacks, and succeeded in crossing the Volga on the floating ice, in the midst of unheard-of difficulties. This vanguard of the great Cossack army had reached the left bank of the river, when in March, eighteen hundred and one, its chief suddenly received the news of the death of the Emperor, and the order to return. The other expedition was to be composed of thirty-five thousand French and thirty-five thousand Russians, at whose head Paul, with noble and chivalrous feeling, insisted on plac- ing the victor of Zurich, Massena. The thirty-five thousand French were to start from the banks of the Rhine,, descend the Danube in ships furnished them by the Austrian government, embark at the mouth in Russian ships, which would transport them to Taganrog, then go up the Don as far as Piati-Isban- ska'ia, cross the Volga at Tsaritsuin, drop down as far as Astra- khan, and thence, navigating the Caspian in Russian vessels, arrive at Asterabad on the Persian shore, where the thirtv-five thousand Russians would await them. The combined army was then to march by way of Herat, Ferah, and Kandahar to the Upper Indus, and begin the war against the English. This project, on the margin of which are scrawled the criti- cisms of Bonaparte and the reply by the Emperor of Russia, enters into the most minute details. Twenty days were reck- oned to descend the Danube, fifty-five days to reach Asterabad, and forty-five to arrive at the Indus, or one hundred and twenty days in all, from the Rhine to Scinde. Aerosticians, artificers, and a body of savants such as went to Egypt, were to accompany the expedition. The French government was to send precious objects, the produce of the national in- dustry. " Distributed with tact among the princes of these coun- tries, and offered with the grace and courtesy natural to the 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 267 French," says the Russian note, " these gifts will enable these races to form the highest idea of the magnificence of French industry and power, and will in consequence open an impor- tant branch of commerce." To inspire the people with the most exalted conception of France and Russia, brilliant fetes were to be given, accompanied by such military evolutions " as celebrate in Paris great events and memorable epochs." Paul the First seemed to be reconciled to the anniversaries of the Revolution. It does not appear that Paul ever doubted the success of this hazardous expedition. Bonaparte naturally made this objection : " Supposing the combined army to be reunited at Asterabad, how do you propose that it should get to India through countries almost barbarous, and without any resources, having to march a distance of three hundred leagues, from Asterabad to the frontiers of Hindostan ? " The Tsar replied that these countries were neither barbarous nor arid, that car- avans traversed them every year and made the journey in thirty-five or forty days, and that in seventeen hundred and thirty-nine and seventeen hundred and forty Nadir Shah had marched through the reverse way, from Delhi to the Caspian. Paul ended by saying : " The French and Russian armies are eager for glory ; they are brave, patient, and unwearied; their courage, their perseverance, and the wisdom of their leaders will know how to surmount all obstacles What a really Asiatic army did in seventeen hundred and thirty-nine and seventeen hundred and forty, we cannot doubt that an army of French and Russians can do to-day ! " On the Continent, Paul did his best to make Prussia de- clare against England. The League of Neutrality made the British government so uneasy, that, notwithstanding the peace, Admirals Parker and Nelson seized the Danish fleet in the naval battle of Copenhagen, on the second of April, eighteen hundred and one. An event still more extraordinary broke up the coalition. 263 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. On the night of the twenty-third of March, eighteen hun- dred and one, the Emperor was assassinated. For sonic time Paul's capricious wilfulness and his violent acts of authority had tended to alienate those who were associated with him. There was no one who felt safe about himself or his friends. The Russian nobility secretly disapproved of his eager desire for war, first with France, and afterwards with England, the rupture of friendly relations with which, by putting a stop to the export of corn, hemp, and other raw products, affected most seriously the income of the landed proprietors. Many times Paul had used threatening language against his wife and his oldest son, Alexander, and he was charged with the intention of annulling his edict of inheritance, and of chang- ing the order of succession. The Court became accustomed to the notion of a revolution which should result in depriving him of his crown, though not of his life, and of calling Alex- ander to the throne. Count Panin, at one time minister at Berlin, often discussed this project with Alexander, and grad- ually overcame his scruples. He soon found the man who was needful for the execution of his design. Count Pahlen, a Livonian noble, became the soul of the conspiracy, and took advantage of his position as governor of the capital, and chief of the police, to conceal the development of it. The bold frankness of his answers calmed whatever suspicions the Tsar might feel. One day Paul asked him point-blank if he re- membered what took place in seventeen hundred and sixty- two. " Yes, sire, I was sergeant of the guard at that time." '■' They seem to be going to begin again to-day," said the Em- peror, handing him a note which revealed some particulars of the plot. " Sire, T was aware of the fact, and in order better to find out who were your enemies, I have felt it my duty my- self to play the part of a conspirator." According to Sablu- kof's account, Pahlen's mode of action was rigorously to execute the Emperor's most absurd orders, so as to increase the num- ber of his enemies. If he heard any one complain of Paul, he llu»LIita,i 1 1796-1801.] PAUL I. 269 looked him straight in the eye, and said simply, " The , speaks, the wise man acts." He fanned Alexander's suspicions against his father and Paul's hatred of his son. He won Taluizin, Colonel of the Preobrazhenski, and many young officers of the guard ; moreover, in this conspiracy against Paul were several names famous in the conspiracy against Peter the Third ; they were the children of the first regicides, the " Epigonoi " of seventeen hundred and sixty-two. Pahlen associated with him the Hanoverian Bennigsen, a man of re- markable boldness and energy. One day Pahlen was asked what would be the result if the Emperor refused to abdicate : " You must break your eggs when you want to make an ome- let," was his reply. Unworthy elements also were mingled in this conspiracy : Platon Zubof, Catherine's last favorite, his brother Nikolai, their sister, who was hand arid glove with the English party, and on terms of familiarity with the British embassy, together with courtiers who had grown wealthy on the spoils of Poland during the preceding reign, and feared that Paul would make them reimburse the Poles, whose prop- erty they had. Paul had just disgraced Rostoptchin and ban- ished Araktcheef, both of them devotedly attached to him. When he reconsidered his sentence and wrote them to return, it was too late ; he was already in the power of his enemies. On the twenty-third of March Paul sent an order to his min- ister in Berlin to put a stop to the indecision of Prussia by threatening the King with war, and Pahlen had the boldness to add the following postscript in his own handwriting : " His imperial majesty is not well to-day ; his illness may have important results." That evening the palace was under the guard of the Semenovski, many of whose officers had been won over to the plot. While the conspirators went to the Emperor's chamber, Pahlen was on the watch, ready, it is said by some narrators, himself to hand them over to Paul should the plot fail. Bennigsen, sword in hand, presented Paul an act of abdication to sign; a struggle ensued, the lamp which 270 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XII. lighted the room fell, and in the darkness Paul the First was thrown to the floor by Nikolai Zubof or by Prince Iashvil, and strangled with an officer's scarf. On the twenty-fourth of March Alexander, who had not expected this terrible event, was proclaimed Emperor. England could not help being satisfied by the simultaneous news of the destruction of the Danish fleet and the terrible death of the Tsar, who was the soul of the coalition. In Prance the consternation was great. Bonaparte, who saw the downfall of his vast projects, could not contain himself. He caused the following lines, full of rage and hate against Eng- land, to be printed in the Moniteur, making himself the mouthpiece of an absurd suspicion: "It is for history to char up the secret of this tragic death, and to say what national policy was interested in provoking such a catas- trophe." THE DEATH OF PAUL ANNOUNCED TO ALEXANDER CHAPTER XIII. ALEXANDER THE FIRST : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 1801-1825. First War with Napoleon : Austerlitz, Eylau, Eriedland, and Treaty of Tilsit. — Interview at Erfurt : Wars with England, Sweden, Austria, Turkey, and Persia.— Grand Duchy of Warsaw: Causes of the Second War with Napoleon.— The " Patriotic War" : Battle of Borodino; Burning of Moscow; Destruction of the Grand Army. — Campaigns of Germany and Prance: Treaties of Vienna and Paris. — Kingdom of Poland: Congresses at Aix-la- Chapelle, Carlsbad, Laybach, and Verona. FIRST WAR WITH NAPOLEON : AUSTERLITZ, EYLAU, FRIEDLAND, AND TREATY OF TILSIT. 11HE Emperor Alexander, who was now about twenty-five years old, was warmly welcomed to the throne. He was distinguished for his liberal ideas, but at the same time indecision of character was his prevailing weakness. Soon after his accession Count Pahlen, who tried to treat Alex- ander as an inferior, was disgraced, and his dismissal was soon followed by that of Zubof and Panin, the conspirators who had murdered Paul. Alexander then took three young men into his especial confidence, — Paul Strogonof, Novo- siltsof, and Adam Tchartoruiski, whom Paul had sent as minister to Sardinia, fearing his influence upon his son. These three were all filled with generosity, and perhaps even with illusions. Associated with them was Prince Kotchubey, an older man, who had seen more of the world, and was well 272 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. calculated to temper their impetuosity by his cooler reason. With the new reign, therefore, began a new foreign policy. Immediately after his accession Alexander addressed a letter of reconciliation to George the Third. He ordered the embargo on English vessels to be raised, and the sailors who had been captured to be set at liberty; he also entreated Admiral Parker to cease hostilities against Denmark. Those acts announced the dissolution of the League of Neutrality. On the seventeenth of July, eighteen hundred and one, a compromise was agreed upon by which England consented to define more strictly what articles should be understood to be contraband in war, admitted that a blockade must be effective before it could be considered binding, and gave up boarding foreign men-of-war. The concessions made by Russia were of a much graver kind. They consisted in the abandonment of the principles of the armed neutrality, and the disavowal of the naval policy of Catherine the Second and Paul the First. Alexander allowed that the flag was not to cover merchandise ; vessels of war were not to have the right to hinder the inspection, nor even the seizure of the merchant ships that they convoyed. Eng- land restored the islands taken from the Swedes and Danes. Denmark and Sweden, considering the common cause be- trayed, confined themselves to making peace with Great Britain without touching the disputed points. Alexander affected, nevertheless, a desire to remain on good terms with France, and instructed Count Markof to continue at Paris the negotiations begun by Koluitchef. Affairs had gone on so rapidly under Paul, that the two States had arranged an offensive alliance without ever having concluded a formal treaty of peace. The First Consul was greatly irritated at the abrupt change in the Russian policy. On the other hand, the instructions given by Alexander to Markof breathed defiance towards Bonaparte, who, " by flattering the deceased Emperor, had chiefly in view the use 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 273 of him as a weapon against England, and who doubtless only thought of gaining time." Bonaparte, however, sent Duroc to represent him at Alex- ander's coronation. He received Count Markof courteously, assuring him of his esteem for Alexander, but he made him understand that the situation was no longer the same, and that Russia had not the right to exact so much from France. " My obligations towards the Emperor Paul, whose great and magnanimous ideas corresponded perfectly with the views of France, were such that I should not have hesitated to become the lieutenant of Paul the First." Fie complained that Russia insisted on such unimportant trifles as that of the " little kinglet " of Sardinia, and that it wished to treat France " like the republic of Lucca." In his demands in favor of the King of Sardinia, Alexander felt that he had not the support of England, which, while negotiating for peace, had advised Cornwallis " not to embar- rass himself with questions foreign to purely British interests." On the eighth of October, then, a treaty was signed between France and Russia, and on the eleventh of October there was a secret convention, of which the seven principal articles were as follow : — The common mediation of the two powers for the Germanic indemnities stipulated by the Peace of Luneville ; an agree- ment about Italian affairs ; the mediation of Russia for the establishment of a peace between France and Turkey ; the independence of Naples, and the evacuation of its territory by the French, after the latter had evacuated Egypt ; an indem- nity to the King of Sardinia "according to present circum- stances " ; a suitable indemnity to the sovereigns of Bavaria, Wiirtemberg, and Baden ; independence and neutrality of the Ionian Isles. The two parties also bound themselves to do all that lay in their power to strengthen the general peace, to re-establish the equilibrium of the different parts of the world, and to insure liberty of navigation. VOL. II. 18 274 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. The treaty of the eighth of October followed that of Luneville between France and Austria, and led to that of Amiens with England. It secured the dictatorship of France and Russia in the regulation of continental affairs. Common mediation for the indemnities, and joint action in Italian affairs, — these were the principles that the late Tsar would have wished to see prevail ; but circumstances were changed. Out of regard for Paul the First, Bonaparte might have renounced Piedmont, Naples, and Italy, but Paul the First fought for the liberty of the seas, threatened England in the Baltic and India, and assured the revenge of the French against Great Britain. The first act of Alexander had been, on the contrary, to desert his allies, and seek a reconciliation with England. In the regulation of German affairs the will of France naturally preponderated. If Bonaparte increased the domin- ions of the houses of Bavaria, Wiirtemberg, Baden, and Darmstadt, which were related to the imperial family of Russia, it was doubtless partly with a view to pleasing Alex- ander, but above all because he wished to recompense their fidelity to the French alliance. It was the influence of France, and not that of Russia, that was increased on the left bank of the Rhine. This was plainly to be seen in eighteen hundred and five, when all these princes hastened to conclude separate treaties with France, which already an- nounced the Confederation of the Rhine. For the moment it was the self-esteem of Alexander that was specially wounded ; he saw that everything was worked from Paris, that Bonaparte was all-powerful, and that his envoy, Markof, was sought by the German princes only after they had paid court to Talleyrand. In Italy the question of the indemnity to the King of Sar- dinia dragged on slowly. On the eleventh of September, eighteen hundred and two, Bonaparte announced the union of Piedmont to France, but he always declined to fix the 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 275 equivalent which he promised to give. He at first suggested Parma and Piacenza, then had given them to an Infanta of Spain. He no longer offered anything beyond Siena, Orbitello, and a pension of five hundred thousand livres, saying, " As much money as you like, but nothing more " ; and again, " This affair ought not to interest the Emperor Alexander more than the affairs of Persia interest me, the First Consul." In Switzerland, in that Helvetia through which Suvorof had hoped to march as victor, it was Bonaparte who laid down the law, accepting the title of mediator, and occupying can- tons troubled by intestine discords. It is true that in the Ionian Islands, ceaselessly agitated by small civil wars, it was a Russian plenipotentiary who arrived to appease the popular excitement, while the Emperor of Russia guaranteed the constitution. The Peace of Amiens was on the eve of being broken, and, to hinder the rupture between Prance and England, Russia would have wished to offer its mediation. It feared above everything the French occupation of Naples and Hanover. The occupation of Naples meant the humiliation of another Italian client of Russia ; the occupation of Hanover would bring the French very near to the Elbe and Hamburg. The fears of Alexander were realized. In a war against England, Bonaparte could not neglect such important points. Gouvion Saint Cyr occupied Tarento, Otranto, and Brindisi ; Mortier invaded Hanover and got a loan from Hamburg; Holland and Tuscany were also garrisoned with French troops in June and July, eighteen hundred and three. The choice of Markof as the Russian representative at Paris had not been happy. Like almost all the Russian aristocracy, he alike hated new France, the Revolution, and Bonaparte. He was the declared friend of the emigres at the very mo- ment when the royalist plots were putting the life of the First Consul in danger. His Austrian sympathies were notorious. 27G HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. He proved to be proud, excessively obstinate, and even imper- tinent. When the consular court and all the diplomatic body went into mourning on the death of General Leclerc, Bona- parte's brother-in-law, he alone declined to wear it. He was compromised by the seizure of some pamphlets published against the government, his name being found at the head of the list of subscribers. He had the audacity to say, " The Emperor of Russia has his will, but the people also have theirs." The Russian government refused to recall him, in spite of Talleyrand's declaration that since the renewal of the war with England " the presence of so ill-disposed a man was more than unpleasant to the First Consul." Bonaparte com- plained also of some French emigres whose intrigues were protected by Russia : of Christin, formerly secretary to Ca- lonne, at Paris, of Vernegues at Rome, of D'Entraigues at Dresden. At last, after an angry scene in which Napoleon entirely forgot his dignity, Markof appeared no more at the Tuileries, and was finally recalled. The French were, how- ever, no better contented with D'Oubril, who remained at Paris as charge d'affaires. The seizure and execution of the Due d'Enghien in March, eighteen hundred and four, increased the misunderstanding between the two cabinets. The news of this murder reached Saint Petersburg on the eve of a diplomatic reception ; when the reception itself took place, the Emperor and all his court were in mourning. Alexander passed General Hedouville, the French ambassador, without speaking to him. D'Oubril presented to the French government a note protesting against the violation of the law of nations and of neutral territory. Alexander, in his character as Guarantee of the German Em- pire, a title which had been conferred on the Russian Em- peror at the Treaty of Tcschen, caused a similar note to be laid before the Diet at Ratisbon, which Sweden and England hastened to ratify, but which terribly embarrassed the Diet and all the Germanic body. Bonaparte replied by recalling 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 277 Hedouville. He replied officially to D'Oubril's note by com- plaining of the unfriendly acts of the Russian government towards him, of the ill-will of all its agents, of the embarrass- ing situation which it sought to create for France by every- where patronizing the emigres ; he contested the right of Russia to interfere in the affairs of Germany, and declared that in the affair of Ettenheim the government had acted only in self-defence. " The complaint made by Russia to-day compels us to ask if, when England meditated the assassina- tion of Paid the First, men had been aware that the authors of the conspiracy were lurking within a league from the fron- tiers, they would not have hastened to capture them ? " After such an interchange of letters, the charges d'affaires them- selves were recalled, and all diplomatic relations broken. Napoleon had just been crowned Emperor ; he had taken at Milan the crown of Italy, united Genoa to the French terri- tory, and modified the constitution of Holland. From the camp at Boulogne he threatened England, but a coalition was already formed against him. Novosiltsof, one of Alexander's favorite ministers, in September, eighteen hundred and four, left for London with special instructions drawn up by the Emperor ; we find in them all kinds of Utopian schemes, sometimes generous, often incoherent, which he still cherished at this epoch. He proposes to wrest from the French, who gave themselves out as the champions of liberty, this illusion, which was a dangerous weapon of propaganda . ; to give to the troubled world a good example by restoring the King of Sar- dinia ; to render back to Switzerland and Holland the liberty to choose their own rulers ; to declare to the French, who would gladly welcome the allies, that the war was directed, not against them, but against their government, from which they suffered as severely as the rest of Europe. In this note Alexander renewed the question of the reconstitution of Eu- rope : taking count of natural frontiers, of crests of mountains, of groups of nationalities, he added a scheme for the par- 278 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. tit ion of the Ottoman Empire, in the case of its existence be- coming incompatible with the present state of Europe. The British Cabinet received these communications somewhat coldly, but on the eleventh of April, eighteen hundred and five, concluded a treaty in which it was agreed to drive the French from Northern Germany, to declare Holland and Switzerland independent, and bring about a state of things which would secure universal peace. England, moreover, promised a yearly subsidy in the proportion of six hundred and twenty-five thousand pounds for every one hundred thou- sand men put under arms by Russia. Sweden and Naples entered the coalition ; Austria was already attacking Bavaria, the ally of Napoleon. Alexander wished to assure himself also of Frederic William the Third, who was always constantly vacillating between France and Russia, and who had undertaken engagements towards both. He went to Berlin so as to use his personal influence, and thought to gain Frederic by announcing that his army was about to cross Silesia and Pomerania ; but the King of Prussia instantly mobilized his troops, to cause his neutrality to be respected. The violation of the territories of Anspach and Baireuth by the French soon changed the course of his ideas. During his visit Alexander had his famous interview, near the tomb of Frederic the Great, with the King and Queen of Prussia. They went by torchlight into the vault where the coffin lav, and knelt before it. Alexander was moved to tears, and clasping his friend to his bosom promised never to desert him. By the Treaty of Potsdam Prussia undertook to furnish eighty thousand men to the coalition if Napoleon did not accept its ultimatum. The ultimatum stipulated for the inde- pendence of Germany and Italy, and the indemnity to the King of Sardinia. Baron Haugwitz was ordered to carry it to Napoleon. Dining these negotiations the Russian army was put in motion. Behind the three great Austrian armies, led by the 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 279 Archduke Charles in Italy, the Archduke John in the Tyrol, and Mack with the Archduke Ferdinand against Bavaria, were ranged the Russian troops. Besides the twenty thousand men under Tolstoi, who were to join the Swedes and disem- bark at Stralsund, and the twenty thousand under Admiral Se- niavin, who were to join the English and disembark at Naples, there were the troops who guarded the frontiers of Turkey and Prussia, and the great German army. The latter had as its vanguard Kutuzof, who, with forty-five thousand men, hastened to the Inn to unite with Mack. In Moravia, wdiere the Emperor was in person, strong forces were gathering under the orders of Buxhcevden. Alexander had with him his three ministers, — Tchartoruiski, Novosiltsof, and Strogonof. All the Imperial Guard was there, — the Horse Guards, the Knights, the Preobrazhenski, the Semenovski, the Ismailov- ski, the Pavlovski, and the flower of the army. Kutuzof had already reached Braunau on the Inn, where he learned the capitulation of Ulm, and the annihilation of Mack's army, on the nineteenth of October, eighteen hundred and five. Pie found his own position very critical, being at a great distance from the main body. He had under him excel- lent troops, and three admirable lieutenants : Prince Bagra- tion, one of the heroes of the campaign of seventeen hundred and ninety-nine, the favorite pupil of old Suvorof ; Dokturof, the intrepid leader of the grenadiers ; Miloradovitch, sur- named the Murat of the Russian army, and of whom it was said, " Whoever wishes to follow Miloradovitch must have a spare life." To escape being cut off on the right bank of the Danube by Murat's cavalry, by Oudinot and by Lannes, and on the left bank by the corps of Mortier, Kutuzof retreated, giving battle to Oudinot at Lambach and at Amstetten in November, eighteen hundred and five. He then crossed the Danube at Krems, fought the battle of Dirnstein with Mortier, and marched to the north to join the great Russian army. The surprise of the bridge of Vienna by Lannes and Murat 280 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. endangered him on his left flank during his retreat into Mora- via. To save his army, he had to sacrifice his rear-guard. The tenacious Bagration was charged to check the pursuit of the French. He intrenched himself at Ilollabrunn and Schon- graben. Murat came up first, and desired to gain time in order to allow Lannes to join him ; Bagration wished to give Kutuzof time to escape. He received Murat's envoy favora- bly, and sent to propose an armistice in the name of the Tsar. Ten hours passed while they awaited the answer of Napoleon. The latter, furious at Murat's credulity, sent orders that he was to attack immediately. Bagration's ten thousand men fought desperately during twelve hours. At night Bagration retreated, having lost two thousand men and all his guns. Kutuzof, who had been saved by his devotion, embraced him, and exclaimed, " You live, and that is enough for me." The junction of Kutuzof, Buxhcevden, and the Austrians took place at Olmi'itz, and Napoleon was concentrating his forces at Briinn. He had collected about seventy thousand men. the Emperors of Russia and Austria about eighty thou- sand. The greatest exultation reigned in the Russian head- quarters. The young Emperor and his young officers, proud of the splendid battles fought by Kutuzof and Bagration, spoke with profound contempt of the Austrians, who had allowed themselves to be so easily trapped at Ulm ; they had only hatred and disdain for " Buonaparte the Corsican," who owed his victories to the imbecility of his adversaries. A small success of the vanguard at Wischau, the apparent timid- ity of Napoleon, and the arrival of General Savary as envoy, completely turned their heads. Alexander sent the young Prince Dolgoruki to the French headquarters, with a note addressed to the " head of the French nation." It was neces- sary, said the Prince to Napoleon, that the French should abandon Italy, if they wanted immediate peace. If they were vanquished, they would have to lose not only the Rhine, but Piedmont, Savov, and Belgium, which would be formed into t^SflfeKS^"-"- ■■- - ^ THE RAMPARTS OF ULM. 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 2S1 barriers against them. "What! Brussels also ? " exclaimed Napoleon, and coldly dismissed him. " These people are mad," he said. " What would they do with France if I were defeated ! " " It is difficult," relates a Russian eyewitness, Zhirkievitch, the lieutenant of artillery, " to picture the enthusiasm that ani- mated us all, and the strange and ridiculous infatuation that accompanied this noble sentiment. It seemed to us that we were going straight to Paris. No one spoke of anything but Dolgoruki, a young man of twenty-five, who presented him- self to Napoleon with a letter from the Emperor, and all admired the cleverness of the superscription, in which the imperial title of Napoleon had been so skilfully avoided. It was even added that when Dolgoruki gave the letter to Napo- leon, as the latter remained covered, Dolgoruki replaced his hat. A few days passed, and our ideas became greatly changed." One scheme, conceived by Weirother the Aus- trian, and approved by Alexander, was that Bagration on the right should keep Lannes in check ; the two Imperial guards would be sufficient to watch the plateau of Pratzen ; Dokturof, Langeron, Przhebishevski, even Kutuzof and Miloradovitch, were to descend into the valley of Goldbach to meet Napo- leon, cut him off from the Danube, and force him back on the mountains of Bohemia. The evening before the battle it was still believed that Napoleon would retreat. Dolgoruki recommended his sol- diers " to watch well which way the French retired." On the morning of the second of December, eighteen hundred and five, the valley of Goldbach was covered by a fog, from the waves of which emerged, as from the bosom of a milky sea, the mountain heights which were gilded by the early rays of the sun ; on the west lay the peaks of Schlapanitz, -where Napoleon had taken up his position ; on the east, the hills of Pratzen, where the allied emperors were encamped. Napo- leon distinctly saw the Russian columns descend the plateau 2S2 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. of Pratzen, and disappear in the fog ; and from the side of Lakes Sokolnitz, Satchan, and Menitz — that is to say, to his right — lie heard the noise of their artillery carriages. He was therefore certain that, as he had foreseen, the allies in- tended to attack this wing. When the plateau of Pratzen, the centre of the Russian army, seemed to him sufficiently bare, he gave the signal. In twenty minutes the corps of Soult scaled the slopes in heavy masses, and attacked Kutuzof and Miloradovitch, whose divisions alone remained on the plateau. There a desperate battle was fought. The Emperor of Russia found himself under fire, his men were dispersed, and he himself was obliged to retire at a gallop, attended only by his doctor, a single orderly, and two Cossacks. A little to the right of the plateau the Grand Duke Konstantin, the Emperor's brother, with the guards, tried to oppose the cav- alry of Murat and the French guards. It was an epic strug- gle, where fought on one side the famous Russian regiments of the foot guards, the horse guards, the flower of the Rus- sian nobility, the uhlans, the chasseurs of the guard, the Cos- sacks, and the cuirassiers of Liehtenstein ; on the other, the Mamelukes of Rapp, the mounted grenadiers of Bessieres, the light cavalry of Kellermann, the cuirassiers of Ilaufpoul and of Nansouty. At the extreme right of the Russians, Ba- gration could easily beat a retreat before Lannes ; but on their left, the columns of Dokturof, Langeron, and Przhebishevski, entangled in the network of lakes, engaged since morning by the corps of Davoust, and suddenly attacked in their rear by the victorious troops returning from the plateau of Pratzen, found themselves in a frightful situation : Buxhoevden was hard pressed near a frozen lake which some of the infantry tried to cross. The French broke the ice with their artillery and many Russians perished. The French at first reported the number drowned to be twenty thousand, but afterwards it was reduced to two thousand. Dokturof protected the re- treat. Tchartoruiski wrote the Tsar, " The feeling through- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 283 out the whole array at this moment was not of the need of avenging the insult it had received, but rather a desire to so away as soon as possible and consider the war at an end." Such was " the battle of the three emperors." The Rus- sians fell back on Austerlkz. Without reckoning the Aus- trian loss, their own amounted to twenty-one thousand men, two hundred cannons, and thirty flags. They were furious against their allies. As happened after the battle of Zurich, they accused them of incapacity, and even of treason. It was the Austrians who had sketched the plan of the battle ; and, fighting in their own country, on ground which they had studied at leisure in their manoeuvres on parade, they had not succeeded in either arranging their troops to advantage or in providing forage and ammunition. Dolgoruki, in a report to the Emperor, remarks : " They conducted your majesty's army rather in a way to deliver it to the enemy than to fight ; and what puts the finishing touch to this infamy is, that the dispo- sition of our forces was known to the enemy, a fact of which we have certain proof." Rostoptchin, in a letter to Prince Tsitsianof, echoes him : " The plan had been treacherously communicated to Bonaparte ; forty-eight hours before we were ready, the latter began the attack at break of day. From the beginning, half of the Austrians took up arms ; the other half crossed over to the enemy, and some even fired on us." On the fourth of December the Emperor Francis of Austria had an interview with Napoleon, and obtained for the Rus- sian army, which was greatly imperilled after its disaster, and was closely pressed by Davoust, leave to retire, on condition that it should evacuate Hungary and Moravia within a fort- night, and Gallicia within a month. On the twenty-sixth the Treaty of Presburg was signed, which deprived Francis the Second of Venice, the Tyrol, and Austrian Suabia ; he was likewise to give up the title of Emperor. This new interven- tion of the Russians in Europe ended in a formidable growth of French power. On the fifteenth of March, eighteen hundred 284 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. and six, Napoleon appointed his brother-in-law, General Joa- chim Mnrat, Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg. On the thirty- first the King of Naples was dethroned and replaced by Joseph Bonaparte; the kingdom of Italy was increased by Venice; the sovereigns of Bavaria, Wi'irtemberg, and Baden, strength- ened by the spoils of Austria, decorated with the titles of king and grand duke, declaring themselves independent of the German Empire, formed, with the new Prince-Primate Charles of Dalberg, the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, and fifteen other sovereign princes, the Confederation of the Rhine, the Rheinbund. There was no longer reason for Russian inter- ference in Germany. Already Napoleon's family was con- tracting matrimonial alliances with those of Bavaria, Wi'irtem- berg, and Baden. The German vassals of the successor of Charles the Great, of the new Emperor of the West, could add to his army from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand men. Haugwitz, who had been ordered to inform Napoleon of the ultimatum stipulated by the Treaty of Potsdam, found himself at Schonbrunn in the presence of a defiant and invincible conqueror ; he was forced to sign a treaty which obliged Prussia to accept Hanover, in exchange for Anspach and Baireuth, and irrevocably brought on a war with England. The coalition was therefore beaten in the field and dissolved in the cabinet. Russia, isolated by the ruin of Naples, the desertion of Austria, and the defection of Prussia, found itself almost alone on the Continent. It is well known how from this same Treaty of Schonbrunn, which appeared to attach Prussia to Napoleon, sprang a new war. The coalition was renewed between Russia, England, Sweden, and Prussia. The Prussians showed in eighteen hundred and six the same precipitation as the Austrians in eighteen hun- dred and five; like them, they did not allow time for the Russians to join them ; and when Alexander found himself able to undertake a second campaign, he learned the twofold catastrophe of Jena and Auerstadt, on the fourteenth of Oeto- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 2S5 ber, as he had formerly learned that of Ulm. For the second time his principal ally was beaten, and the whole weight of the war fell upon Russia. On this occasion the disaster was even greater, for the Prussian monarchy ceased to exist. The French occupied Berlin, and took the fortresses on the Oder and the Vistula. Nothing remained to Frederic William in the North but three fortresses, Dantzig, Konigsberg, and Me- mel, and a small body of fourteen thousand men under Les- tocq. These events had followed one another with a rapidity so startling that Alexander found himself taken unawares. After Austerlitz he had tried to negotiate with Napoleon, and sent D'Oubril to Paris ; but D'Oubril, who had consented to the evacuation of Cattaro and the Ionian Isles, and the recogni- tion of the principle of Ottoman integrity, had been disavowed at Saint Petersburg, like Haugwitz at Berlin. Russia found itself in a terrible plight ; and it had in addition the prospect of a double war against Persia and Turkey. Tchartoruiski, Minister of Foreign Affairs, addressed a memorial to the Em- peror, counselling peace. He showed that Russia had two vulnerable points, — Poland, and the serfage of the peasants. Invasion must be avoided at all costs, for the invader would not fail to proclaim the re-establishment of Poland, and the freedom of the serfs. It was of little consequence that Ger- many was subject to Napoleon, if the latter would consent not to pass the Weser or even the Elbe. It was necessary to con- sent to the evacuation of Cattaro and the Ionian Isles, to guar- antee only Sicily to the King of Naples, and to obtain some sort of an indemnity to the King of Sardinia. It would be better to secure the co-operation of Napoleon for regulating the affairs of Turkey. Only one thing was important, the safety of the empire. But Alexander, secure of Prussia, which was at this moment still intact, inclined to war. He commanded a new conscrip- tion of one man in every hundred, lowered the regulation 2S6 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. height one inch, ordered muskets even from private manufac- turers and foreigners, created new regiments, summoned stu- dents and young nobles, promising them the grade of officer after six months' service, for the fight at Pratzen had made terrible havoc with the guards. A plan of organizing militia was talked of, which would have given them six hundred and twelve thousand men. The priests were ordered to proclaim everywhere that war was made, " not for vainglory, but for the salvation of the country." England was asked for a loan of six million sterling. An appeal was once more made to Austria. When Prussia was crushed, the fourteen thousand Prussians of Lestocq were sent for. Buxheevden had twenty-eight thousand men ; another army of sixty thousand men was confided to Bennigsen, a learned man of boundless energy, who had been one of the conspira- tors of eighteen hundred and one, and had a considerable genius for tactics. He has, however, been reproached with indecision at the critical moment, with neglecting discipline, and not being able to repress pillage ; the marauders did not respect even his headquarters or his own house. These de- fects were, however, partially atoned for by a tenacity which astonished Napoleon. The old field-marshal Kamenski, nomi- nated generalissimo, had concentrated all his forces on the Vistula. When his infirmities obliged him to resign his com- mand, Bennigsen succeeded him. Murat, Davoust, and Lannes had entered Warsaw, which was then a Prussian possession, and had established them- selves on the Bug, forming the right of the Grand Army. Soult and Augereau crossed the Vistula at Modlin, and formed the centre ; on the left Ney and Bernadotte occupied Thorn and Elbing. In the rear Mortier acted in Pomerania against the Swedes ; Lefebvre besieged Dantzig; and Jerome Bonaparte, with Vandamme, finished the conquest of Silesia. Pressed by the Grand Army, Bennigsen was obliged to evacu- ate Poland, after some severe fighting, especially at Pultusk 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 2S7 on December twenty-six, and retired by way of Ostrolenka, leaving in the mud of Poland eighty field-pieces and nearly ten thousand men ; he stopped on the Alle to cover Konigs- berg. Winter was at hand : the Grand Army was reposing in camp, when Bennigsen conceived the audacious project of moving his left wing, passing between the two forces of Ber- nadotte and Ney, crushing Bernadotte, and forcing Ney into the sea ; of relieving Dantzig and carrying the war into Brandenburg on the rear of Napoleon. Bernadotte, however, resisted so stubbornly at Mohrungen and Osterode, that Napo- leon had time to come up, and Bennigsen himself was on the point of having his left wing turned, and seeing his lines of communication cut. An intercepted despatch warned him of the risk he ran ; it was necessary to sound a retreat, and Ba- gration was again called on to protect it. As at Schongraben, lie covered himself with glory, and allowed himself to be sac- rificed for the salvation of the army ; his " incomparable regi- ment of Kostroma " was almost annihilated, and he himself severely wounded. During this time Bennigsen marched to Eylau and took up a position to the east of the town, on a line of heights which extended from Schloditten to Serpallen ; behind his centre lay the village of Sansgarten ; his front was covered by two hundred and fifty pieces of cannon. When Napoleon arrived at Eylau, which was taken on the seventh of February, he had with him only Soult, Augerean, Murat, and the guard ; Davoust, who was to form his right wing, and Ney, who was to form his left wing, and who had been delayed by his pursuit of Lestocq, were still wanting. Bennigsen, on his side, awaited Lestocq, who was to compose his right wing. The battle, however, began on February eighth, eighteen hundred and seven, and was one of the bloodiest of the century. A thick snow was falling, which ever and anon hid the battle-field from sight ; the sky was of a livid gray; the landscape was as gloomy as the result of the 2S3 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. action. The battle began by a formidable cannonade, which lasted all day. The French, sheltered by the buildings of the town of Evlau, and disposed in thin lines, suffered from it less than the Russians, who had little cover, and were ranged in compact masses. The corps of Augereau and the division of Saint Ililaire, intrusted with the attack on the Russian left wing, went astray, blinded by a squall of snow; when the sky cleared, the two divisions of Augereau found themselves oppo- site the Russian centre, forty paces from a battery of seventy- two guns ; mown down at the cannon's mouth, they lost in a few minutes five thousand two hundred men. Augereau and his two generals of division were wounded. At the same mo- ment an enormous mass of cavalry, uhlans, and cuirassiers dashed themselves against Saint Hilaire's infantry, upsetting everything in their passage. The infantry of the Russian cen- tre advanced almost to the cemetery of Evlau, where Napoleon was standing. Then Murat, in his turn, assembled eighty squadrons, and led against this infantry the most frightful charge mentioned in the annals of these wars ; solid squares Avere broken by his cuirassiers. The two armies continued to watch and to fire at each other, but the battle made little prog- ress till Davoust at last joined the right wing of the French army, turned the Russian left and threw it back upon the centre, and reached Sansgarten on their rear. The Prussians of Lestocq arrived in their turn at the other extremity of the line, but they were followed by Ney, who in the darkness of night, at half past nine o'clock, began to break Bennigsen's right wing. The Russians now ran the risk of being sur- rounded. They had suffered cruel losses : one of their divis- ions, that of Count Ostermann Tolstoi', counted no more than twenty-five hundred men. "The general in chief," says M. Bogdanovitch, " trembled as he read the reports of the gen- erals of divisions." They had not thirty thousand men under arms; twenty-six thousand were killed or wounded; among tin' latter were Barclay de Tolly, Dokturof, and seven other 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 2S9 generals. He profited by the darkness to beat a retreat, and did not hesitate to claim as a victory what in reality had only been a glorious resistance. Bennigsen boldly ordered the Te Deum to be sung. The French had more right to call themselves victorious, as they remained masters of the field of battle. Unlike the Russians, some of their troops were still intact, such as Ney's corps and the Foot Guards, but they had likewise suffered ter- ribly, and a gloomy sadness hung over the survivors. Such efforts, so much blood shed, so few trophies ! This melan- choly impression is reflected even in Napoleon's despatch, where he allows himself to describe the funereal aspect of the battle-field, the thousands of heaped-up corpses, the gunners killed on their pieces, " all thrown into relief by a background of snow." Ney shrugged his shoulders on seeing the car- nage. " What a massacre," he said, " and without result ! " They suffered hunger and cold ; the immense spaces, the broken roads, the marshy plains, the stoical resistance of the Russians, had disconcerted the calculations of Napoleon. Eylau gave him a foretaste of eighteen hundred and twelve ; the delay of Ney a foretaste of Waterloo. Fortune took care to warn him that she would not always be punctual to her rendezvous. The effect produced on Europe was unlucky for France ; in Paris the Funds fell. In order to confirm his victory, reorganize his army, reas- sure France, re-establish the opinion of Europe, encourage the Polish insurrection, and to curb the ill-will of Germany and Austria, Napoleon remained a week at Eylau. He nego- tiated : on one side he caused Talleyrand to write to Zastrow, the Prussian foreign minister, to propose peace and his alli- ance ; he sent Bertram! to Memel to offer to re-establish the King of Prussia, on the condition of no foreign intervention. He also tried to negotiate with Bennigsen ; to which the latter made answer " that his master had charged him to fisdit, and not negotiate." After some hesitation, Prussia ended by join- VOL. II. 19 290 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. ing its fortunes to those of Russia. By the convention of Bartenstein, of the twenty-fifth of April, eighteen hundred and seven, the two sovereigns came to terms on the following points : — The re-establishment of Prussia within the limits of eigh- teen hundred and five ; the dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine ; the restitution to Austria of the Tyrol and Venice ; the accession of England to the coalition, and the aggrandizement of Hanover; the co-operation of Sweden; the restoration of the house of Orange, and indemnities to the kings of Naples and Sardinia. This document is impor- tant; its conditions are almost the same as those offered to Napoleon at the Congress of Prague, in eighteen hundred and thirteen. Russia and Prussia proposed then to make a more pressing appeal to Austria, Sweden, and England ; but the Emperor Francis was naturally undecided, and the Archduke Charles, alleging the state of the finances and the army, strongly advised him against anv new intervention. Sweden was too weak ; and notwithstanding his fury against Napoleon, Gus- tavus the Third had just been forced to treat with Mortier. The English ministry, consisting of the Duke of Portland with Canning and Castlereagh, showed a remarkable inability to conceive the situation ; they refused to guarantee the new Russian loan of a hundred and fifty millions, and would lend themselves to no maritime diversion. Napoleon showed the greatest diplomatic activity. The Sultan Selim the Third declared war against Russia; General Sebastiani, the envoy at Constantinople, put the Bosphorus in a state of defence, and repulsed the English fleet; General Gardane left for Ispahan, with a mission to cause a Persian outbreak in the Caucasus. Dantzig had capitulated, and Lefebvre's forty thousand men were therefore ready for ser- vice. M.'issi'na took thirty-six thousand from Italy. In the spring Bennigsen, who had been reinforced by ten 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 291 thousand regular troops, six thousand Cossacks, and the Im- perial Guard, being now at the head of one hundred and ten thousand men, took the offensive ; Gortchakof commanding the right and Bagration the left. He tried, as in the preced- ing year, to seize Ney's division ; but the latter fought, as he retired, two bloody fights, at Gutstadt and Ankendorff. Ben- nigsen, again in danger of being surrounded, retired on Heils- berg, where, on the tenth of June, he defended himself bravely ; but the French, extending their line on his right, marched on Eylau, so as to cut him off from Konigsberg. The Russian generalissimo retreated ; but, being pressed, he had to draw up at Friedland, on the Alle. The position he had taken up was most dangerous. All his army was enclosed in an angle of the Alle, with the steep bed of the river at their backs, which in case of misfortune left them only one means of retreat, over the three bridges of Friedland. The French vanguard arrived at two in the morn- ing of June fourteenth, eighteen hundred and seven, filled the woods of Posthenen with sharpshooters, and held the Russians in check till the Emperor's arrival. The Russian army was almost entirely hidden in the ravine of the Alle. " Where are the Russians concealed ? " asked Napoleon when he came up. When he had noted their situation, he exclaimed : " No, it is not every day that an enemy is surprised in such a blunder." He placed Lannes and Victor in reserve, ordered Mortier to hold Gortchakof in check on the left and to remain still, as " the movement to be made by the right wing would turn upon the left." As to Ney, he was to cope with Bagration on the right, he was to drive like a wedge among the Russians who were shut in by the angle of the river ; he was to meet them in hand-to-hand conflict, without taking any thought of his own safety. Ney led this charge with irresistible fury ; the Rus- sians were riddled by his artillery at one hundred and fifty paces. He successively crushed the chasseurs of the Russian guard, the Isma'ilovski regiment, and the horse guards ; he 292 HISTORY OF EUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. burnt Friedland with his shells, and cannonaded the bridges, which was their only way of retreat. In a quarter of an hour the Ismailovski lost four hundred men out of five hundred and twenty. Bagration, surrounded by the grenadiers of .Moscow, was obliged to cut his way through ; his lieutenants, Raievski, Iermolof, and Baggovut, wasted their strength in vain efforts. The Russian left wing was almost thrown into the river. Bagration, with the Semenovski and other troops, was hardly able to cover the defeat on the Russian right ; Gor- tchakof, who had advanced to attack the immovable Mortier, had time only to reach the Alle, which he had to ford. ; Count Lambert retired with twenty-nine guns along the left bank ; the rest fled by the right bank, closely pursued by the cavalry. Meanwhile Murat, Davoust, and Soult, who had taken no part in the battle, arrived before Konigsberg. Lestocq, with twenty-five thousand men, tried to defend it, but on learning the disaster of Friedland he hastily evacuated it. Only one fortress now remained to Frederic William, — the little town of Memel. The Russians lost at Friedland from fifteen thou- sand to twenty thousand men, besides eighty guns. Alexander, who was established at Jurburg, received a report from Bennigsen merely announcing that he had been obliged to evacuate the banks of the Alle, and that he would wait in a more advantageous position till Lobanof-Rostovski brought him reinforcements. But Lobanof had only a few thousand Kalmuiki, and it was to these badly armed savages that they looked for the salvation of Russia. More explicit accounts reached Alexander from the Tsarevitch Konstantin and other officers. The situation was desperate : Alexander had no longer an army. Only one man, Barclay de Tolly, proposed to continue the war; but in order to do this it would be necessary to re-enter Russia, to penetrate into the very heart of the empire, to burn everything on the way, and present only a desert to the enemy. Alexander hoped to get off more cheaply. He wrote a severe letter to Bennigsen, and 1301-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 293 gave him powers to treat. Prince Lobanof left for the head- quarters of Napoleon, who sent in his turn the Captain de Talleyrand-Perigord. Alexander had at that time a common sentiment with Napoleon, — hatred of the English. He did not pardon them either for their refusal to guarantee a Rus- sian loan, or for the calculated insufficiency of their diversions, or for their mercantile selfishness. On June twenty-fifth the interview on the raft at Tilsit took place. Alexander and Napoleon conversed for nearly two hours. The King of Prussia was not admitted to a confer- ence on which the fate of his dynasty depended. On horse- back on the shore, urging his horse even into the water, he waited the result with his eyes fixed on the fateful raft. Even the personal graces of the Queen of Prussia could not soften the severity of the treaty. It was from " respect for the Emperor of all the Russias and desire to unite the two nations in a bond of eternal friendship," that Napoleon " consented " to restore to Erederic William the Third, Old Prussia, Pome- rania, Brandenburg, and Silesia. These articles of the treaty of July eighth, eighteen hun- dred and seven, completed the fall of Prussia. On the west Napoleon took from it all the possessions between the Rhine and the Elbe, with Magdeburg ; he destroyed the thrones of the allied States of Brunswick and Hesse-Cassel. On the east he confiscated all Poland. He thus broke the two wings of the Prussian Eagle. On its right he established the king- dom of Westphalia, on its left the grand duchy of Warsaw. Dantzig was declared a free town. The district Bielostok, with one hundred and eighty-four thousand inhabitants, a part of the dismembered Black Russia, again became Russian soil. The estates of the Princes of Mecklenburg and Olden- burg were restored to them ; but they had to suffer the occu- pation of their territory for the carrying out of the Continental blockade, and like Saxony, the States of Thuringia and all the small princes of Germany, they were obliged to accede to the 294 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Confederation of the Rhine. The King of Prussia adhered to the Continental blockade. His possessions were not to be given back to him till after full payment of a war indem- nity. Besides the conditions relative to Prussia, the Treaty of Tilsit established : Russian mediation between France and England; French mediation between England and Turkey; the recognition by Alexander, and likewise by Frederic William the Third, of Napoleon's brother Joseph as king of Naples, Louis as king of Holland, Jerome of Westphalia, as well as the recognition of the Confederation of the Rhine, and of all States founded by Napoleon ; and lastly, recip- rocal guarantees for the integrity of the present possessions of Russia and France. A second treaty, with secret articles, stipulated that Cattaro should be restored to France ; that France should have the Ionian Isles in perpetuity; that if Ferdinand were deprived of Sicily, he should have no other equivalent than the Balearic Isles, or Cyprus and Candia ; that in this case Joseph should be acknowledged King of the Two Sicilies ; that an amnesty should be accorded to the Montenegrins, Ilerzegovinians, and other peoples who had revolted at the call of Russia; that if Hanover were united to the kingdom of Westphalia, Prussia should receive in exchange a territory on the left bank of the Elbe, with three hundred thousand or four hundred thousand inhabitants. A third treaty, offensive and defensive, provided that an ultimatum should be addressed to England on the first of November, and that if it had no results war should be de- clared by Russia on the first of December ; that unless Tur- key should make peace with the Tsar within three months, then " the two high contracting powers should come to an understanding to withdraw all the Ottoman provinces in Europe, with the exception of Constantinople and Rnmelia, from the yoke and tyranny of the Turks"; that Sweden MEETING OF NAPOLEON AND ALEXANDER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE RIVER NIEMEN 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : ^FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 295 should be summoned to break with England, and if it refused Denmark was to be invited to take part in the war against it, and Finland was to be annexed to Russia ; that Austria should be invited to accede to the system of continental blockade at the same time with Sweden, Denmark, and Por- tugal. In certain respects this peace deserved the name of " the treacherous peace," which the English agent, Wilson, ap- plied to it in his disappointment. Turkey was abandoned, delivered over by its old friend France, though it is true that Napoleon alleged in excuse the revolution which had just overthrown his friend the Sultan Selim. He acted the same way in regard to Sweden, another old ally. He made all these sacrifices so as to have the right of executing his Mach- iavelian designs against Spain, whose troops were fighting loyally under his banners. Alexander in no small degree sacrificed his honor and interest to these new combinations. He abruptly consented to go to war with his former ally, England ; he renounced the principle of the integrity of Prus- sia, and even accepted as his share in its spoliation the prov- ince of Bielostok ; he did not hesitate to wrest Finland from his brother-in-law, his ally Gustavus the Fourth. He con- sented to see under the euphemism of the grand duchy of Warsaw a nucleus of Poland formed on his frontier. This strange treaty might, however, have satisfied the two States, had it been faithfully executed. The part played by Russia was more brilliant, on the whole, than Napoleon's ; while France was about to become exhausted in a fruitless war with Spain, splendid vistas for Alexander's ambition were opening in the East and on the Danube. Thanks to the French alli- ance, he could follow in this direction the glorious steps of Sviatoslaf, of Peter the Great, and of his grandmother Cath- erine. For several days, at least, Alexander seemed enthusi- astic about his ally. They interchanged the ribbons of their orders ; each decorated one of the bravest soldiers of the other 296 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. army ; the grenadier Lazaref received the cross of the Legion of Honor ; a battalion of the Imperial guard offered a frater- nal banquet to the Preobrazhenski. INTERVIEW AT ERFURT: WARS WITH ENGLAND, SWEDEN, AUSTRIA, TURKEY, AND PERSIA. The change in the foreign policy was to bring with it a change in the composition of the government. Alexander's early companions, who had entered upon the task of govern- ment with no experience, but with lofty aims and with keen expectations of success, had been disappointed. Corruption still was rampant, disorders increased, the chances for culture, which were at the disposal of the upper classes, were neg- lected ; the provincial nobility failed to throng the .halls of the new universities. This failure in his hopes led Alexander to distrust his counsellors ; such wide-spread disaffection, per- haps, sprung from the personality of his ministers. Most thoroughly was he estranged from Novosiltsof, who had been his most intimate friend. Devoted to England as he was, the announcement that Alexander had accepted the cross of the Legion of Honor caused him at Tilsit to demand his dismissal. Napoleon could have no confidence in Alexander's promises so long as his enemy, Novosiltsof, was at the head of foreign affairs. But Alexander did not " chase him out," but simply neglected him until Novosiltsof made some cutting remarks about the rupture with England and the Russian subservice to Erance. Then he was ordered to travel abroad, and when he returned, several years after, he was merely appointed sena- tor. Count Kotchnbey also was allowed, in November, eigh- teen hundred and seven, to go abroad to recuperate his failing health, and Stroganof was removed from the immediate pres- ence of the Emperor, with the title of major-general in the army. He had distinguished himself for his bravery in the field of battle, and was made a Knight of the Order of Saint George. Prince Adam Tchartoruiski was now living in War- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 297 saw, charged with the direction of the University of Vilna and the Lithuanian Department of Instruction. Although he was playing a double game, Alexander failed to discover it, and saw in him only the man by whose means, sooner or later, he should become king of Poland. Tchartoruiski took pains to further the illusion, and showed himself almost unscrupu- lous in the way that he deceived the Emperor with an appear- ance of straightforwardness. Baron Budberg, who had taken TVhartoruiski's place as minister of foreign affairs, and was well known as an enemy of Napoleon, was also dismissed. The minister of finance, Vasilief, died about this time ; so that of the former ministers only three were left. The chief in im- portance was Rumiantsof, who was made Chancellor, but had in reality only a small influence on the Emperor. Golubzof was appointed minister of finance, and Kurakin, who was distinguished for the Oriental number of his children, took Kotchubey's place in the department of the Interior. At the same time appeared two men who were destined to exert a great influence upon Russian affairs, Araktcheef and Speran- ski. Araktcheef was supposed to be a skilful artillerist, and in May, eighteen hundred and three, the Emperor appointed hi m inspector-general of that service. He managed to use the knowledge of a French emigre, named de Barbiche, who was thoroughly grounded in the use of guns, and by a scru- pulous observance of details so deceived Alexander, that in eighteen hundred and five he appointed him to a command in the field, which he hastened to decline. Afterwards the Em- peror made him war minister, and he set to work to get rid of all those who stood in his way. As long, however, as the Emperor remained firm in his liberal views, Araktcheef was kept in the background. He was especially overshadowed by Mikhail Speranski. > Mikhail Mikhailof was the son of a poor priest who, like other peasants, had no distinctive family name. He was des- tined for the priesthood, and was sent to the seminary at Via- 29S HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. dimir, where he was put under the special protection of a relative, who, conceiving great hopes of him, allowed him to take the name of Speranski. He soon won distinction, and was advanced to the higher seminary in Saint Petersburg. The Metropolitan of Moscow selected him as a candidate for the highest office of the church, but Speranski found that the priesthood was not his calling, so he became instructor of mathematics, and later of philosophy, in the seminary of the Petersburg Monastery. He reached the highest point of honor in this profession when he was made Prefect of the Seminary, at the age of thirty-two. During the latter years of Catherine's reign Prince Kurakin, finding himself in need of a private secretary, took Speranski into his pay at the recommendation of the Metropolitan, and afterwards, when the prince was summoned by Paul to the senate, Speranski en- tered the service of the State. In three months he was raised to the eighth degree of the Tchin, which gives hereditary no- bility, and in spite of the successive changes which ensued in Paul's administration, he kept his position, and shortly before the Emperor was assassinated was presented with a large domain in the government of Saratof, and became a Knight of the Order of Malta. Under Alexander he was made Sec- retary of State, and having won Kotchubey's favor, he was brought especially to the Emperor's notice. He took Novo- siltsof's place after the Peace of Tilsit, and became even more necessary to Alexander than the former had been. He had the gift of expressing the Emperor's ideas in pleasing lan- guage, and of accomplishing rapidly and successfully what- ever there was to be done. But Speranski's position was by no means enviable. His rapid rise had brought him many enemies, who looked upon him as an interloper. Araktcheef was watching with envious eyes for an opportunity to destroy him. Unpopular as the war had been, the peace was still more so, and Speranski did not conceal his admiration for the genius of the French Emperor, for the principles born of the 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 299 Revolution, and embodied in the Civil Code. He seriously desired the maintenance of the French alliance ; and M. Pogodin, one of the Slavophils of our time, has not the cour- age to condemn this policy. " It proves, on the contrary," he says, " his perspicacity as a statesman. The conditions imposed by Napoleon the First would certainly have been more easy to bear than those imposed by Napoleon the Third at Sevastopol. The future of Europe would have been differ- ent. Sevastopol would still have shone on the shores of the Black Sea, and the Continent would not lately have been in- undated with blood by two cruel wars." " The Eastern ques- tion," says another Slavophil, M. Oreste Midler, "would in this case have probably been settled, and English preponderance would have been extinguished in the Levant." We must recognize the fact that in eighteen hundred and seven Russian aristocracy was not yet reconciled to the state of things to which the Revolution had given rise. The Em- press-mother surrounded herself with French emigres ; her court was the centre of the English and Austrian party. It was not only the sudden abandonment of the ancient alliances which was blamed, but it was also the partial restoration of the hereditary enemy, Poland ; and yet the question of the grand duchy of Warsaw seemed secondary, — it was consid- ered as a consequence of the subjection to Napoleon. The dismissal of Louis the Eighteenth, who was obliged to leave Mitava for England, and the plot at Bayonne against the Bourbons of Spain still further inflamed the passions of men. Savary, Napoleon's ambassador, had to endure the brunt of these bitter feelings. The choice of him was by no means a fortunate one, as Savary was supposed to have been more or less concerned in the affair of the Due d'Eno-hien. " Feel in 2; against the French ran so high," says Savary, " that no hotel would take me as a lodger. The general reception of myself and my companion was in inverse proportion to the kindness of the Emperor Alexander. During the first six weeks of my 300 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. stay here I could not get a single door opened to me. The Emperor of Russia saw all this, and wished it had been other- wise. At the moment of my arrival at Saint Petersburg prayers were publicly offered in the churches against us, and particularly against the Emperor Napoleon." The bookstores were full of pamphlets against France, against Napoleon, and against the French ambassador. " Nothing," continues Sa- varv, " was equal to the irreverence with which the Russian youth dared to express itself about its sovereign. For some time I was much disturbed at the consequences this license might have in a country where revolutions in the palace wrere only too common." Napoleon's envoy thought it even his duty to place in Alexander's hands a correspondence lately seized, in which the writer sent letters of this kind from Prus- sia to his friends in the interior : " Have you no longer any Pahlens, any Zubofs, any Bennigsens ? " Stedingk, the Swedish ambassador, also wrote to Gustavus the Fourth : " The discontent against the Emperor Alexander increases dailv, and things are said at this moment which are frightful to hear. The partisans of the Emperor are in de- spair, but there is no one among them who dares to remedy the evil, or to reveal to him the full danger of the situation. A change of government is spoken of, not only in private conversations, but in public meetings." Some echo of the pub- lic discontent reached Alexander's ears, however. Admiral Mordvinof wrote to him : " Though the days of glory may be passed, those in which Russia laid down the law ; though it may have lost the bright hopes which it cherished in our youth, the sons of Russia are ready to shed the last drop of their blood rather than bow ignominiously before the sword of him whose only advantage over them is that he has known how to use weakness, treachery, and incapacity." The histo- rian Karamsin was already preparing for the Emperor his work on " Ancient and Modern Russia." In general, the literature of this epoch has a very pro- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 301 nounced anti-French character. The national tragedies of Kriukovski and Ozerof ; the patriotic odes of Zhukovski; even tlie comedies and tables of " diedushka " Kruilof, the " little grandfather," as he was affectionately called ; the productions of the press, represented by Glinka, Gretch, Batiushkof, and Shishkof, — all breathe hatred against Napoleon and aversion for that new France which the Russians, accustomed as they were to admire and imitate the old France of Versailles, looked upon with the eyes of the emigres themselves. The most impetuous of the Gallophobes of this epoch was Count Ros- toptchin. About eighteen hundred and seven he published his new satire, " 0, the French ! " and a comedy entitled " The News," or " The Living-Dead," in which he sharply attacked the alarmists and the extravagant partisans of Western cus- toms. In his " Spoken Thoughts on the Red Staircase," in eighteen hundred and seven, he exclaims : " How long shall we go on imitating monkeys ? As soon as a Frenchman ar- rives who has escaped the gallows, we fly to welcome him. And he sets the fashions, he represents himself as a prince or a gentleman who has lost his fortune for faith or loyalty, when in reality he is only a lackey or a shopkeeper, or a tax col- lector, or a suspended priest who has fled his country in fear. What are children taught to-day ? To pronounce French properly, to turn their toes out, and to frizz their hair. He alone is a wit whom a Frenchman will take for his country- man. But how can men love their country when they do not even know their native language ? Is it not a shame ? In every country French is taught to children, but only that they may understand it, and not in order that it may take the place of their mother tongue." He continues with violent invectives against French ambition, and invokes the brave soldiers of Eylau : " Glory to thee, victorious Russian army, bearing the sword in the name of Christ. ! Glory to our Emperor, and to our mother Russia ! Hail to you, Russian heroes, Tolstoi, Kozhin, Galitsuin, Dokturof, Volkonski, Dolgoruki ! Eternal 302 HISTOEY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. peace to you in heaven, young and gallant Galitsuin ! Tri- umph, Russian Empire ! the enemy of the human race re- coils before thee ; he cannot struggle against thy invincible strength. He came as a savage lion, thinking to devour everything ; he flies like a hungry wolf, grinding his teeth." By a contradiction, explained by his education, it is chiefly in his correspondence, and his works written in French, that Rostoptchin attacks the nation so bitterly ; it is in French that the Russian nobles, pupils of the French of the eigh- teenth century, curse France. Miss Wilmot, writing about eighteen hundred and live, with an obvious intention of dis- paraging both nations, scoffs "at the absurdity of Bruin the bear when he gambols with a monkey on his shoulders." " In the midst of this adoption of French manners, habits, and lan- guage, there is something stupidly puerile in declamation against Bonaparte and the French, when the Russians cannot dine without a French cook to make ready their repast ; when they cannot bring up their children without the help of adven- turers come from Paris, under the names of tutors and govern- ors ; in a word, when all their notions of fashion, luxury, and elegance are borrowed from France. What arrant folly ! " Such was Russian society after Tilsit. On account of these evil dispositions towards France, the indignation raised by the abominable attempt of England against Denmark, and the bombardment of Copenhagen in a time of peace in Sep- tember, eighteen hundred and seven, made a diversion of only short duration. At one moment we might almost believe that the Peace of Tilsit had but three partisans in Russia, — the Emperor, the Chancellor Rumiantsof, and Speranski. Yet Alexander began to find one illusion after another disappear : all the acts of his ally wounded his convictions. After the exile of the kings of Sardinia and Naples, he had to see the expulsion of the house of Braganza, the dethronement of the Bourbons of Spain, the forced flight of the Pope of Rome. The Confederation of the Rhine, increasing beyond all meas- 1301-1825.] ALEXANDER 1. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 303 ure, now extended across the Elbe, and had reached the Bal- tic by means of Liibeck and Mecklenburg ; on the Vistula, the grand duchy of Warsaw was being organized with formida- ble power. Peter Tolstoi, who certainly had done nothing to make himself liked at Paris, who was involved in a quarrel with Ney, and had entered into relations with the legitimists of the Faubourg Saint-Germain, was unable in any way to soften the lot of Frederic William the Third, or to obtain the promised evacuation of the Prussian States. Scanty, indeed, was the compensation for all these sacrifices. The first campaign against Sweden had been far from brilliant. The naval war with England was causing the ruin of Russian commerce. At Constantinople, General Guillemor, Napo- leon's ambassador, had managed on the twenty-fourth of August, eighteen hundred and seven, to conclude an armis- tice between Turkey and Russia, in virtue of which the latter had to evacuate the Danubian principalities within thirty-five days ;, but as none of the conditions were fulfilled, the Russian troops still remained in Moldavia and Valakhia. There was no longer any likelihood of the partition of the Ottoman Em- pire, that brilliant vision which had led astray Alexander's lively imagination. The famous Franco-Russian alliance was shaken. Napo- leon, who wanted to make Spain and Portugal domains of his family, and had exiled the Spanish reigning family to Bayonne, had on his hands a terrible revolt to quiet, and he saw rising above the horizon another war with Austria. He therefore felt that he must give his ally some satisfaction. The interview at Erfurt took place on the seventeenth of Sep- tember, eighteen hundred and eight, and lasted four weeks. Alexander was accompanied by his brother Konstantin, the ministers, Rumiantsof, Speranski, Prince Alexander Galitsuin, and two Frenchmen, the ambassador Caulaincourt, and Mar- shal Lannes, whom he had found at Bromberg, in Poland, on his visit to the King of Prussia, and had taken him into his 304 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. favor. Napoleon brought with him Berthier, the diplomatists Talleyrand, Champagny, Maret, and the Russian ambassador Tolstoi. There was also another court, formed by his German Missals : the Prince-Primate of the Rheinbund ; the kings of Saxony, Bavaria, Wi'irtemberg, and Westphalia ; the grand dukes of Baden, Darmstadt, Oldenburg, and Mecklenburg; and the sovereigns of Thuringia. Prussia was represented by Prince William, who came to plead for the interests of his brother ; Austria by Baron Vincent, charged to salute the two emperors in the name of his master. The Russians, with wounded pride, did not fail to take notice of the superior in- fluence of the French. " I seem to see my country degraded in the person of its sovereign," says Nikolai Turgenief, with passionate exaggeration. "There was no need to know what was passing in European cabinets ; you could tell at a glance which of the two emperors was master at Erfurt and in Eu- rope." Napoleon certainly wished to receive the Tsar in a town that was his own property, at Erfurt ; it was certainly around him that this assemblage of sovereigns specially pressed, and these appearances really answered to a superiority of power. But though Napoleon neglected nothing to make the young Emperor forget all that was unequal in their respective situ- ations, he could not undo the fact that Alexander had not been the victor at Friedland. Nor was he always wise in his overweening pride. He had a hare-hunt on the battle-field of Jena, and invited Prince William of Prussia. He decorated French soldiers with the cross of the Legion of Honor, bring- ing into special notice their glorious deeds in battle with the Russians, the cannon they had captured, the standards they had taken from the fleeino; regiments of the Tsar. Such a scene was not calculated to soothe the Russian Emperor's irri- tation. The Grand Duke Konstantin was unable to endure it, and withdrew. But Alexander in no way showed his sen- sitiveness, and when the French players acted Voltaire's (Edipe, Alexander repeated the celebrated line, "A great man's friend- VIEW IN ERFURT. 1S01-1S25.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 305 ship is the noblest gift the gods can give," applying it to himself and Napoleon. In the midst of fetes, banquets, balls, theatrical repre- sentations, and hunting-parties, serious interests were dis- cussed between the two sovereigns and their ministers. On the twelfth of October, eighteen hundred and eight, Cham- pagny and Rumiantsof signed the following convention, which was to remain secret : The emperors of France and Russia renewed their alliance with all solemnity, and en- gaged to make peace or war in common ; they were to com- municate to each other all proposals which might be made to them ; they were to propose an immediate peace to Eng- land in a manner as public and conspicuous as possible, so as to render refusal on the part of the British Cabinet more diffi- cult. This proposition took the form of a letter addressed to the King of England, and signed by the two emperors. They agreed, moreover, to negotiate on the basis of Uti pos- sidetis : France was to consent only to such a peace as secured to Russia, Finland, Valakhia, and Moldavia ; Russia, only to a peace which should confirm France in all its actual possessions, and give to Joseph Bonaparte the crown of Spain and the Indies. Russia might set about immediately to obtain the Danubian provinces from Turkey, whether by peace or by war ; but the French and Russian ambassadors should come to an understanding about the language to be used, " so as not to compromise the existing friendship between France and the Porte." And if Russia by the acquisition of the Danubian provinces, or France about its Italian or Spanish affairs, found themselves exposed to a rupture with Austria, the two allies were to make war in common. Napoleon had now fully determined to separate from Josephine. Talleyrand was trusted to treat of the question of Napoleon's marriage with Ekaterina Pavlovna, Alexander's sister. The recall of Tolstoi was demanded, and his place was filled by Prince Kurakin. Prussia obtained a remission of twenty million vol. II. 20 306 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. francs of its war indemnity of one hundred and forty millions, and the evacuation of its territory on condition that its army should be reduced to forty-two thousand men. To recapitu- late : Alexander guaranteed to Napoleon the tranquillity of the continent during his operations in Spain, while Napoleon ratified the seizure of Finland and the Danubian provinces. Napoleon accompanied Alexander a considerable way on the road from Erfurt to Weimar ; they then once more bade each other farewell, and separated on the fourteenth of October. It was the last time that they met. The alliance formed at Tilsit and confirmed at Erfurt in- volved Russia in three wars, — with England, with Sweden, and afterwards with Austria. Moreover, hostilities had been going on with Turkey since eighteen hundred and six, and with Persia and the tribes of the Caucasus ever since Alexan- der's accession to the throne. The war with England is notable for only one fact of importance: The Russian fleet of the Archipelago, com- manded by Admiral Seniavin, on its way to the Atlantic, as it sought harbor in the Tangas, on September eighth, eighteen hundred and eight, was obliged to surrender to Admiral Cotton, according to the Treaty of Cintra, signed by the French General, Junot. It was conveyed to England. The officers and the crews were treated with perfect courtesy, and sent back to Russia at English expense. Five years later Russia recovered the ships. The embargo was still in force against English shipping, and Russia to a certain degree fell in with the system of the continental blockade. Gustavus the Fourth, King of Sweden, was not well regu- lated in mind ; his hatred of Napoleon only equalled his ina- bility to do him injury. Being a firm believer in the Bible, he saw in the Emperor of the French the veritable Beast of the Apocalypse. He caused a wretched pamphlet, called the " Nights of Saint Cloud," to be translated into Swedish. After concluding an armistice with Mortier, in eighteen hun- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 307 dred and six, he broke it at the very time the negotiations were pending at Tilsit, just in time to lose his last possessions in Pomerania. He was able to live in peace neither with England, which he defied, nor with Prussia, which in misfor- tunes he insulted, nor with his brother-in-law Alexander. He alone of the European sovereigns applauded the bombardment of Copenhagen, and he regaled Admirals Gambier and Jack- son at Helsingfors. When Alexander had to make him the first overtures relative to the peace with France and the adoption of the continental system, Gustavus the Fourth im- pertinently returned the ribbon of Saint Vladimir. On the eighteenth of February, eighteen hundred and eight, he signed a treaty with England. Then sixty thousand Rus- sians, under Buxhoevden, crossed the Kiiimen, which had been, since the time of Elisabeth, the boundary between the two States. A proclamation was addressed to the Finns, advising them not to resist " their friends, their protectors," and to appoint deputies for the diet which Alexander in- tended to assemble. The Swedish troops were dispersed, and retreated to the north; Finland was almost conquered in March, eighteen hundred and eight ; Helsingfors, the impreg- nable Sveaborg, Abo, and the Isles of Aland fell into the hands of the Russians. Fortune seemed for one moment to hesitate when Klingspor gained two important successes over the Russians, but he was immediately after obliged to retire into the deserts of Bothnia. Another proclamation was issued to the Finnish soldiers serving in the Swedish army, inviting them to desert with arms and baggage, promising them two rubles for every gun, one ruble for a sabre, and six for a horse. During the winter the Russians fortified themselves in the Isles of Aland ; and three corps, commanded by Kulner, Bagration, and Barclay de Tolly, crossed the Gulf of Bothnia on the ice, and carried the war into the Swedish country. A military revolution broke out in Stockholm on the thirteenth of March, eighteen hundred and nine. No blood was shed, 303 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. but Gustavus the Fourth was arrested, and confined at Drot- tingholm with his family. Later he was set at liberty, and travelled in Europe under the name of Colonel Gustaffson. His uncle, the Duke of Sudermania, assumed the crown un- der the title of Charles the Thirteenth. He signed the Peace of Fredericksham, which ceded Finland as far as the river Tornea. In eighteen hundred and ten, when Christian Au- gustus of IIolstein-Augustenburg, the prince royal elected by the States, died, Bernadotte, marshal of France, was chosen to fill his place. Napoleon had little sympathy with this pro- ceeding ; he would have preferred a Danish prince, whose accession would have brought about a Scandinavian union. The success of the war with Sweden caused little enthusiasm in Saint Petersburg, though the capital was secured from hos- tile attack, though the Swedish fleet was henceforth banished from the Gulf of Finland. " Poor Sweden ! poor Swedes ! " said the people. Finland, coveted for so long, had lost its value in the eyes of the Russians ; it seemed too much a gift of Napoleon. According to his promise, Alexander had con- voked the Diet of Finland, and guaranteed to the " grand duchy " its privileges, its university, and its constitution. In April, eighteen hundred and nine, began the war of Napoleon and the fifth coalition against Austria. Alexander, whom the Treaty of Erfurt obliged to furnish a contingent, had done all he could to prevent this war. lie had warned the Cabinet of Vienna that he was in alliance with Napoleon, and offered, on the part of himself and his ally, to guarantee the integrity of the Austrian possessions. Forced to put a contingent under arms, he gave the command of thirty thou- sand men to Prince Sergi Galitsuin, to act in concert with Poniatovski and Dombrovski, generals of the grand duchy of Warsaw, against the Archduke Ferdinand. This war of the Russians against the Austrians was a comedy; they de- tested their Polish allies, and feared their success in Gallicia above everything. In the whole campaign there were only 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 309 two encounters between the Russians and Anstrians : at the battle of Ulanovka, on June fifteenth, there was only one killed and two wounded, and the Austrian major sent excuses to Galitsuin, saying he thought he was attacking the Poles ; at the battle of Podgurzhe, near Krakof, there were two killed and two wounded. The conflicts between the Russians and Poles were much more frequent. Galitsuin allowed Sandomir to be taken by the Anstrians under his very eyes, and Poniatovski in vain denounced to Alexander this " traitorous conduct." On the other hand, the Russians entered Lemberg when the Poles had already taken it, and attempted to prevent the people swearing allegiance to Napoleon. At Krakof, the Russian and the Polish armies almost came to blows. The Poles were uneasy at seeing the Muscovites in Gallicia, and the Russians attributed all kinds of dangerous projects to the Poles. " Our allies disturb me more than the Austrians," writes Galitsuin to his master. He complains that Poniatovski, after having taken the title of commandant of the " Warsaw troops," or of " the ninth corps of the Grand Army," appropriated that of " commandant of the Polish army." " There is no Polish army," he said ; " there is only an army of Warsaw." " The Emperor of the French is at liberty to give what names he chooses to the corps which are under his orders," replied Poniatovski. Galitsuin announced that Poniatovski had reinforced his army with Polish soldiers, deserters from Austrian regiments, and Lithuanian nobles, subjects of Russia. In the theatres of the Gallician towns the King of Poland was represented leaving his tomb, the Dwina and the Dnieper forming the frontiers of new Poland. Galitsuin counselled Alexander to take from the French this weapon of Polish propaganda, by proclaiming himself restorer of Poland. The Tsar refused, alleging the inconstancy of the Poles, and the necessity of preserving the Lithuanian provinces from all contagion. 310 HrSTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XTII. At the Congress of Schonbrunn, on October fourteenth, eighteen hundred and nine, which preceded the Treaty of Vienna, the Emperor of Russia declined to have himself represented. He did not intend to sanction the results, but by so doing he left Austria unsupported, and in consequence it was obliged to cede its Illyrian provinces, and all Gallicia. Napoleon added Western Gallicia, with fifteen hundred thou- sand souls, to the grand duchy of Warsaw, while he gave Eastern Gallicia, and a population of four hundred thousand, to Russia. This gift was not, 'however, sufficient to compen- sate Alexander for the danger of an aggrandized Poland. o CO The war with Turkey had already been going on for many years. In eighteen hundred and four Russia proposed to the Divan an alliance against Prance, but demanded at the same time that the subjects of the Sultan professing the orthodox religion should be placed under the immediate protection of the Russian diplomatic agents. Selim the Third repelled a proposal that threatened the very integrity of his empire. He tried to make advances to France, applauded the victories of Napoleon, and after Austerlitz acknowledged his imperial title and sent an envoy to Paris with presents, in spite of the efforts of the Russian ambassador Italinski. After Jena an Ottoman ambassador left for Berlin, to strengthen the alliance with the padishah of the French. Ypsilanti and Morusi, hospodars of Valakhia and Moldavia, who were devoted to Russia, were stripped of their dominions. This was a breach of the Peace of Iassy with Catherine the Second. About this time began the troubles of Serbia. The Janis- saries of this country formed a turbulent militia, like that of Egypt and Algiers, oppressed the Christian populations, en- tered into a contest with the Pasha of Belgrad, the spahis, or noble cavalry, and other Mussulmans, and even trod under foot the authority of the Sultan. They would obey only their chiefs, four in number, who were called dakhie, or deys. Several times the Sultan, Selim the Third, resolved to sup- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 311 press this dangerous element, and at last the Janissaries of Serbia, in order to anticipate any attempt to do away with their privileges, decided to massacre the princes of the Chris- tian population, which was hostile to them. This massacre took place during the month of February, eighteen hundred and four. Those who escaped joined the Haiduki, — powerful bands of Serbians who had fled from their homes and taken refuge in the forests. Thoroughly aroused by the murder of their countrymen, the Haiduki rose against the Janissaries, and put at their head Iuri Petrovitch, who was called Kara- Iuri, or George the Black. He was a rich pork-merchant, but having been involved in a previous revolt, and obliged to flee to Austria, he had in a fit of indignation killed his father, who was anxious for him to return and submit to the Turks. He returned to Serbia, however, and began a war of exter- mination with the Janissaries. The Haiduki expelled the Mussulmans and deys from Belgrad, Shabatch, and Ushitza, affecting all the time to be only executing the orders of the Sultan. When Selim wished to recall them to obedience and demanded the restitution of the strong places, they broke with the Sultan himself, and declared themselves independent. They would have been crushed by the superior forces of the neighboring pashas, if the Russians had not taken up arms in eighteen hundred and six, which freed the frontiers. Alexander sent them an auxiliary corps under Colonel Bala. The Russian ambassador protested against the deposition of Ypsilanti and Morusi, and against the violation of the Treaty of Iassy. The English ambassador almost induced the Divan to yield on October seventeenth, eighteen hundred and six, when without a declaration of war the Russian gen- eral Michelson crossed the frontier, invaded Moldavia with thirty-five thousand men, took Khotin and Bender, entered Bukarest, and advanced towards the Danube. The British ambassador wished to act as mediator, but he was not listened to, and so he demonstratively withdrew from Constantinople. 312 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. In February, eighteen hundred and seven, the English fleet under Admiral Duckworth passed the Dardanelles, burnt a part of the Turkish fleet in the Sea of Marmora, and appeared at the entrance of the Bosphorus, blockading Constantinople for a few days. This demonstration failed before the firmness of the Sultan Seliin and the military preparations of the French ambassador Sebastiani. Engineer and artillery officers hastened from the French army of Dalmatia. The English vessels returned to Malta, and the Turkish fleet, crossing the Dardanelles in its turn, gave battle to the Russian Admiral Seniavin, in the waters of Tenedos. It was beaten. A short time after, in May, Selim the Third was deposed in conse- quence of a revolt of the Janissaries, who claimed that he insulted the faith of Islam by introducing reforms into the army and the empire. Napoleon used his fall as a pretext for sacrificing Turkey at Tilsit. Guilleminot, Sebastiani's successor, received an order to aid the Russians " in everything, not officially, but effectively." In spite of the armistice concluded by his exertions, the Russian troops continued to occupy the principalities, whose administration was confided to a divan composed of Russians and Rumanian boyars. After Erfurt, the Sultan having re- fused to subscribe to the dismemberment of his empire, the war began anew. The campaign of eighteen hundred and nine was partially successful ; the Russians conquered nearly all the fortresses on the Danube, but were defeated in Bulga- ria by the Grand Vizier. In eighteen hundred and ten Field- Marshal Kamenski reconquered Bulgaria as far as the Balkans, and gained a brilliant victory at Batinia, near Rushtchuk. In eighteen hundred and eleven his successor, Kutuzof, man- aged to draw the Grand Vizier to the left bank of the Danube, and crushed him at Slobodzei, but the imminence of a rupture with France forced the Tsar to withdraw five divisions of the army of the Danube. A congress assembled at Bukarest in eighteen hundred and twelve, in which Russia gave up Mol- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 313 davia and Valakhia, but kept Bessarabia, a Rumanian district, with the fortresses of Khotin and Bender. The Pruth and the Lower Danube, where Russia acquired Ismail and Kilia, formed the limit of the two empires. It was agreed that the hospodars of Valakhia and Moldavia should be restored, and all the ancient privileges of those countries confirmed. The eighth article stipulated for an amnesty in favor of the Ser- bians, who were to remain subjects of the Sultan, but to be governed by Iuri Petrovitch, assisted by the skupsht 'china, or national assembly. Turkey took no part in the wars of eigh- teen hundred and twelve and eighteen hundred and thirteen ; but it profited by them to violate the eighth article, and de- mand that the Serbians should deliver over all their arms and accoutrements, and receive Turkish garrisons into all the cities of the principality. The Serbians had an army of twenty thousand men, and one hundred and fifty cannon. George the Black refused to listen to these demands, and in the spring of eighteen hundred and thirteen three Ottoman armies invaded the country, and re-established the ancient order of things. George the Black, and the greater part of the Serbian vo'ievodui, fled to Austrian soil ; others were put to death ; one alone remained in the country, and managed to gain the respect and even confidence of the Turks. This was Milosh Obrenovitch. When the oppression became too intoler- able, he gave the signal for a new insurrection in the spring of eighteen hundred and fifteen, and reconquered the indepen- dence of his country. The Turks, having been defeated at Ertari and Mashva, withdrew from the countrv, and George the Black hastened to return. Milosh, however, caused him to be assassinated just as he crossed the border, and, being now free from a dangerous rival, he entered into negotiations with the Turks, and made the Porte accept a treaty in Nov- ember, eighteen hundred and seventeen, which recognized the autonomy of Serbia, under the sceptre of the Sultan, with a national government composed of Milosh as hereditary prince, 314 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. and a skiipslif china, but with the principal fortresses occupied by Ottoman garrisons. This system lasted till eighteen hun- dred and sixty-seven. At the same time as the Turkish war, hostilities began in eighteen hundred and six against Persia, which wished to regain its authority over Georgia, and against the tribes of the Caucasus. Prince Tsitsianof, Count Gudovitch, Tormasof, and Kotliarevski all distinguished themselves in this cam- paign. In eighteen hundred and three Tsitsianof had caused Maria, the Tsaritsa-mother of Georgia, to be transported to Saint Petersburg, as she refused to recognize the legitimacy of the cession made by her eldest son to Paul the First. He subdued the Shirvan, but was treacherously assassinated by the khan Hussein-Kuli, under the walls of Baku. Glasenop punished Ali-Khan, an accomplice in the crime, by depriv- ing him of Derbend. Persia attempted to come to the aid of the Caucasian tribes, and Prince Abbas-Mirza passed the Araxes with twenty thousand men, but was defeated. This laborious war lasted till eighteen hundred and thirteen. But a more serious struggle was already beginning to absorb all the attention and forces of Russia. GRAND DUCHY OF WARSAW: CAUSES OP THE SECOND WAR WITH NAPOLEON. The misunderstanding between Alexander and Napoleon became more bitter day by day. The most important of the causes leading to it were the following : The growth of the grand duchy of Warsaw ; the discontent of Napoleon at the conduct of the Russians in the campaign of eighteen hundred and nine; the abandonment of the project of a Rus- sian marriage, and the substitution of an Austrian marriage ; the increasing rivalry of the two States at Constantinople and on the Danube; the Napoleonic encroachments of eighteen hundred and ten in Northern Germany ; irritation produced by the continental blockade ; and the mistrust occasioned by the respective armaments. [801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 315 At the Treaty of Tilsit, Napoleon had formed the grand duchy of Warsaw out of the Prussian provinces of Warsaw, Posnauia, and Bromberg, with a population of two million five hundred thousand. At the Treaty of Vienna he had increased it by Western Gallicia, including Krakof, Radom, Lublin, and Sandomir, inhabited by fifteen hundred thou- sand people. He had reserved to himself all the means for reconstituting Poland ; he had given Dantzig to no one, and had declared it a free city ; the Illyrian provinces of Aus- tria might in his hands soon be exchanged for the rest of Gallicia ; and the treaty of eighteen hundred and twelve with the Emperor Francis was to realize this calculation. There was no need even to take away the acquisitions of the third partitioner, Russia, for at that time Russia possessed only Lithuania and White Russia, provinces which, as we know, are not Polish. It sufficed to take back what he had him- self ceded to Alexander out of the spoils of Prussia and Aus- tria, — Bielostok and Western Gallicia, the latter being still in great part Little Russian. The name of Poland was not pronounced officially, but in fact it already existed. To be sure, it had a foreigner, the King of Saxony, for its sovereign, but the ancestors of Frederic Augustus had reigned over Po- land, and it was to the house of Saxony that the patriots of the third of May, seventeen hundred and ninety-one, had wished to secure the succession after Stanislas Poniatovski. The Constitution of eighteen hundred and seven, compiled by a Polish commission, and approved by Napoleon, was almost that of the third of May, seventeen hundred and ninety-one. Napoleon had advised the King of Saxony to dismiss the Prussian officials, and to govern Poland with the Poles. The executive power belonged to the king, who was assisted by a council of responsible ministers with a president at their head. The legislative power was divided between the king, the senate, and the legislative body. The senate was composed of six bishops, six palatines, and six castellans ; 31 G HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. the legislative body, of sixty deputies elected in the districts from the nobility, and forty deputies from the towns ; their chief work lay in the imposition of taxes and the compilation of the laws. After the annexation of Western Gallicia the number of members of parliament was increased. Napoleon could boast, as Bignon says, of having " raised a tribune in the midst of the silent atmosphere of the neighboring govern- ments." The Zamok, the old royal castle in which the Par- liament sat, was the centre of the Polands still disunited. Napoleon gave the grand duchy his Civil Code, which did not express the actual social state of the country, but on which the social state was to model itself. He proclaimed the freedom of the serfs, while preserving to their former masters the right of property over the lands. With regard to this, the present Russian government has proceeded in a more radical fashion. Napoleon created parliamentary Po- land,— a Poland whose liberty was based on greater ecjuality than in former times. The army of the grand duchy was raised to thirty thou- sand men after eighteen hundred and seven, to fifty thousand after eighteen hundred and nine ; at its head was Iosiph Poniatovski, nephew of the last king, the man who was van- quished at Zielentse, the hero of many a Napoleonic battle. Under him served Dombrovski, a soldier of the campaign of seventeen hundred and ninety-nine; Zaiontchek, Avho had fought with the French in Egypt; and Khlopitski, the in- trepid leader of the Polish legions in Spain. The sentimenrs which animated the army are still reflected in the recently published " Memoirs of a Polish Officer," written by General Brandt. In a country where every peasant is born a horseman, the cavalry was always admirable ; the infantry had lately been improved; the artillery had been organized by the French- men Bontemps and Pelletier; the fortresses of Plotsk, Mod- lin, Thorn, and Zamosts had been restored by lla\o and Alix. 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER!: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 317 The army, where the former serf was shoulder to shoulder with the gentleman, was a school of equality. The famous legions of the Vistula, made use of by Napoleon for his own private ends, acquired an imperishable glory in the wars of Prussia, Austria, and Russia. The ministers of the grand duchy — Stanislas Pototski, president of the council, Iosiph Poniatovski, minister of war, Lubienski, of justice, Matushevitch, of finance, Sobolevski, of police, and others- — were upright and intelligent men. Bignon, Napoleon's representative, a man of clear under- standing and admirable qualifications, was full of devotion to Poland. Unfortunately, he was recalled, on the eve of the supreme crisis, and the Archbishop of Malines, Abbe de Pradt, a noisy and vain character, made still more disagreea- ble by literary vanity, was sent to Warsaw to play the part of a mighty and luxurious lord, and a large sum of money was put at his disposition, to enable him to entertain the Polish gentry. He was instructed to do all in his power to induce the Poles, in case war broke out between Prance and Russia, to join their army with the Prench. But Napoleon soon had reason to repent of his choice of the Archbishop, who, meddling with despatches and debates, seriously com- promised him, when he wished at present to remain neutral. Pinally, he was obliged to tell the enthusiastic Poles that he could not see it in his power to do anything toward re- establishing Poland on its old footing. It is true, Warsaw had its parties. The Tchartoruiski had with reason made up their minds, in case of need, to have recourse to Alexander's gener- osity. Nevertheless, in eighteen hundred and eleven, when the guns of Warsaw announced the birth of the King of Rome, all thought themselves in safety under the protectorate of Prance. Never had the lively and witty Polish society been so brilliant. The growth of the Warsaw army, which was in reality the vanguard of the Grand Army of the Vistula, was always an object of disquietude for Alexander and anger for 318 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. Xrrr. the Russians. The "mixed subjects" — that is, the nobles who held lands in the grand duchy and in Lithuania, and who passed from one service to the other — were the pretext for perpetual diplomatic intrigues. Alexander remarked bit- terly that " the spectre of Poland " was being worked on the untrustworthy frontier of Lithuania. Napoleon had not hesitated to complain to Kurakin of the way in which the Gallician campaign had been conducted. " You were lukewarm," he said ; " you never drew the sword once." The projected marriage writh Anna Pavlovna, Alexander's sister, met with difficulties in more than one direction. The Empress-mother, Mary of Wurtemberg, by the will of Paul, which was kept at the Assumption in the Kreml, had been invested with absolute power to dispose of her daughters in marriage. But she alleged that the laws of the orthodox church did not allow marriage with a man who had been di- vorced. Anna was already betrothed to the Prince of Saxe- Coburg, while her sister Ekaterina, perhaps with a view of escaping a request of this nature, had been married to the Grand Duke Peter of Oldenburg. Napoleon's first marriage had been barren, and he might a second time repudiate his wife. The difference of religion was another barrier. Anna could not embrace Catholicism, and the idea of seeing a Russian priest and chapel at the Tuileries was repugnant to Napoleon. Alexander took little pains to press the negotia- tion ; he complicated it by another negotiation for a formal promise that Poland should never be re-established. Napo- leon lost all patience, and, as the house of Hapsburg seemed to be ready to meet his wishes, the Austrian marriage was concluded. Alexander felt both anger and regret. A closer alliance between France and Austria was prejudicial to the essential interests of Russia in the East and on the Danube. In eigh- teen hundred and nine Talleyrand submitted to Napoleon a 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 319 project which consisted in indemnifying Austria by putting it in possession of the Rumanian principalities, and of the Slav provinces of Turkey, which would have created a perma- nent conflict of interests between Russia and Austria. The former, driven from the Danube, would have been forced to turn towards Central Asia, towards Hindostan. In this emer- gency it would in turn have found itself at perpetual war with England, and all germ of coalition against the French Empire would by this means have been extinguished. In the same year Duroc laid before Napoleon another memorial, in which he showed : that the alliance with Russia was con- trary to French traditional policy ; that the French posses- sions in Italy and Dalmatia were threatened by the action of Russia in Serbia and Greece ; that Russia defended Prussia only because it reckoned on the use of the Prussian army if needed ; that it favored the Spanish enterprise, in the hope of seeing two hundred thousand Frenchmen perish in the Penin- sula; that the interest of the Napoleonic dynasty demanded that Russia should be pushed as far as possible to the East ; that the dismemberment of Poland had been the shame of the old dynasty ; and lastly, that the re-establishment of it was necessary to the greatness of France and the security of Europe. Prince Kurakin managed to procure a copy of this memorial, and sent it to the Emperor Alexander in March, eighteen hundred and nine, pointing out " how dangerous it was for Russia to permit the ruin of Austria." Alexander remembered this in the campaign of eighteen hundred and nine. In eighteen hundred and ten the Senatus Consultum of July pronounced the union of the whole of Holland to the French Empire; that of December, the reunion with France of three Hanse towns, besides Oldenburg, and other German territories. It was not a simple occupation for the purpose of securing the execution of the continental blockade ; it was an annexation. In the law of nations, as understood by 320 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Napoleon, these decisions of the senate were to replace treaties. Where were these encroachments to stop? Ham- burg, Bremen, and Liibeck, free towns, whose existence was an object of interest to the commerce of the whole world, and especially to Russia, were now French. By means of Liibeck, the French Empire would strengthen its hold on the Baltic, on that " Variag Sea," where the Russians, since Peter the First, had been disputing the preponderance of the Scandinavians. Another of these annexations, that of Olden- burg, wounded Alexander yet more deeply. He saw his sis- ter Ekaterina and her husband, robbed of their crowns, taking refuge in Saint Petersburg. The wrong to his interests and his affections was yet further increased by the want of respect towards him. He had neither been consulted nor informed of the step. Like the rest of the world, Alexander heard of this conquest, in the height of peace, through the Moniteur. It is true, that since that time many other German allies of the imperial house have been deprived of their crowns or their essential prerogatives, without any remonstrance from Russia. Kurakin was charged to draw the attention of Champagny to the twelfth article of the Peace of Tilsit, which expressly declared that Oldenburg was to be under Russian auspices. Champagny talked of the necessity of the step, and assured him that the Grand Duke should receive an indemnity, but that he must become a French subject if he wished to remain in Oldenburg. Alexander sent a note to all the other cabi- nets, in which, while affirming the maintenance of his alli- ance with Napoleon, lie protested against the annexation of Oldenburg. The conqueror was deeply irritated at the pub- licity of this note, as well as at the remarks accompanying the protest. As to the continental blockade, although it was observed by Russia less strictly than by France, yet it suffered cruelly from it. The commerce with England was stopped. The 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 321 Russian aristocracy made a plot to reopen the sea to their hemp, their grains, and the other natural productions of the country. The paper ruble, which was worth sixty-seven silver kopecks in Paul's reign, and which, during Alexander's early years, had risen as high as eighty, was not worth more than twenty-five in eighteen hundred and ten. In December of this same year Alexander promulgated an edict which, with the apparent design of preventing specie from leaving the country, proscribed the importation of objects of luxury from whatever country they came, particularly of silks, ribbons, embroideries, bronzes, and porcelains ; and wines were heav- ily taxed. This struck chiefly at French commerce. The forbidden goods were ordered to be burnt. Napoleon was exasperated, and said, " I would rather have received a blow on the cheek." For some time Kurakin, the Russian envoy at Paris, while recognizing the fact that Russia could not cope with Napo- leon, had been advising a policy of intimidation by collecting great armaments. Accordingly five divisions of the army of the Danube were recalled ; a levy of four men in every five hundred was ordered to be raised, and the fortresses of the Dwina and the Dnieper were put in a state of defence. A new fortress, Bobruisk, was built in Lithuania, which seemed likely to be the theatre of the war. These prepara- tions provoked similar measures by Napoleon. Such an emu- lation in threatening precautions naturally led to a rupture. As soon as the " army of Warsaw " was put on a warlike footing, the army of occupation in Northern Germany was reinforced ; Napoleon summoned some regiments from Spain, and notably the Polish legions ; the army of Naples advanced towards Upper Italy, the army of Italy towards Bavaria ; in the vast military establishment known as the Grand Army, which covered the entire Continent, from Madrid to Dantzig, a general movement from the West to the East was felt. The grievances of the two emperors against each other were VOL. II. 21 322 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. brought forward in some lively interviews of Napoleon, first with the ambassador Kurakin, and then with the aide-de-camp Tchernishef, Alexander's envoy extraordinary, who was twice sent to "Paris with autograph letters. Napoleon received Tchernishef in a friendly way, and even pinched his ear, but passionately discussed all the questions relative to Poland, to the Danubian principalities, to Oldenburg, to the continental "blockade, to the ukas of December, to Alexander's threatening preparations. He at once rejected the idea of giving the whole or even a part of the grand duchy of Warsaw as an indemnity for Oldenburg. " Expect nothing from Poland," said Napoleon, in an interview on his birthday in August ; " I will not give you a village or a mill from that country." The mission of Tchernishef was unsuccessful, but in February and March, eighteen hundred and twelve, he was again sent to Napoleon, and thought to have accomplished great things, but he compromised himself seriously ; Michiels, an employe of the War Minister, was shot for allowing himself to be bribed, and for having delivered to him the estimates of the Grand Army, which proved, however, to be of very slight value. It was about this period that Napoleon ordered the publication in the newspapers of a series of articles wherein it was shown " that Europe was sure to become the prey of Russia," and declared that " the invasion must be checked, the universal domination must be extinguished." About this time also Lesur published the famous book, entitled " Of the Progress of the Russian Power," in which we meet for the first time with the apocryphal document called the " Will of Peter the Great." Napoleon recalled Caulaincourt, whom he thought too Rus- sian, and who, being conciliatory, was much embarrassed with the part he had to play. He replaced him by General Lauriston, who could not reckon on the confidence of Alexan- der. Everything showed that war was inevitable. Alexan- der, like Napoleon, was negotiating only in order to gain time 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 323 and finish his preparations. The rupture of the alliance was patent to all. At Murat's court the French envoy, Durand, fought a duel with the Russian envoy, Dolgoruki. Alexander suddenly disgraced Speranski, the friend of Prance, whom Araktcheef and other of his enemies had finally succeeded in traducing. He was summoned to the Emperor's cabinet on the evening of the twenty-ninth of March, and after a two hours' interview left the palace in tears. When he reached his home, the police were already occupied in sealing his papers. A kibitka stood at the door, and without even tak- ing leave of his only daughter, he was driven to Nijni Novgo- rod, where he was kept under the closest surveillance. The Emperor mourned as for the loss of a right hand, but placed in his position Admiral Shishkof, a moderately talented man, who prayed much and fasted more, and confined himself to simply accompanying the Emperor on his journeys. Alexan- der sent for Stein, the great German patriot, Napoleon's mor- tal foe, who was then, at Napoleon's instigation, under the ban of the Confederation. Russia hastened to conclude peace with Turkey, and negotiated with Sweden for an alliance, with England for a treaty of subsidies. Napoleon, on his side, signed two conventions with Prussia and Austria, which assured him the help of twenty thousand Prussians and thirty thousand Austrians in the projected expedition. Swe- den and Turkey would have been more certain allies, but the treaties of Tilsit and Erfurt had alienated them from the French;. Sweden had suffered, like Russia, from the conti- nental blockade, and the Prince-Royal Bernadotte had not pardoned Napoleon for his refusal to give him Norway, and for having occupied Swedish Pomerania. On the ninth of May, eighteen hundred and twelve, Napoleon left Paris for Dresden, for the centre of his army. The ambassadors, Kurakin and Lauriston, demanded their passports. 3.24 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. THE "PATRIOTIC WAR": BATTLE OF BORODINO; BURNING OF MOSCOW ; DESTRUCTION OF THE GRAND ARMY. With the military resources of France, which then counted one hundred and thirty departments, with the contingents furnished by his Italian kingdoms, by the Confederation of the Rhine, by the grand duchy of Warsaw, and with the auxiliary forces of Prussia and Austria, Napoleon could bring a formidable army into the field. On the first of June the Grand Army amounted to six hundred and seventy-eight thousand men, three hundred and fifty-six thousand of whom were French, and three hundred and twenty-two thousand foreigners. Reckoning the reserves, it amounted to eleven hundred thousand men. It included not only Belgians, Dutchmen, Hanoverians, Hanseats, Piedmontese, and Romans, then confounded under the name of Frenchmen, but also the Italian army, the Neapolitan army, the Spanish regiments, natives of Germany and Baden, Wurtembergers, Bavarians, Darmstadt Hessians, Jerome's Westphalians, soldiers of the half-French grand duchies of Berg and Frankfort, Saxons, Thurinirians, and Mecklenburgers. Besides Napoleon's mar- shals, it had at its head Eugene, Viceroy of Italy; Murat, King of Naples; Jerome, King of Westphalia; the princes royal, and heirs of nearly all the houses in Europe. The Poles alone in this war, which recalled to them that of six- teen hundred and twelve, mustered sixty thousand men under their standards. Other Slavs from the Illyrian provinces, Karinthians, Dalmatians, and Kroats, were led to assault the great Slav empire;. It was indeed the " army of twenty nations," as it is still called by the Russian people. Napoleon swept all the races of the West against the East by a movement similar to that of the great invasions, and Russia seemed likely to be overwhelmed by a human ava- lanche. When the Grand Army prepared to cross the Niemen, it 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 325 was arranged thus : To the left, before Tilsit, Macdonald with ten thousand French, and twenty thousand Prussians under General York of Wartenburg ; before Kovno, Napo- leon with the troops of Davoust, Oudinot, Nev, the guard commanded by Bessieres, the immense reserve cavalry under Murat, — in all a total of one hundred and eighty thousand men ; before Pilony, Eugene with fifty thousand Italians and Bavarians ; before Grodno, Jerome Bonaparte, with sixty thousand Poles, Westphalians, Saxons, and others. We must add to these the thirty thousand Austrians of Schwart- zenberg, who would fight in Gallicia as mildly against the Russians as the Russians had fought against the Austrians in eighteen hundred and nine. Victor guarded the Vistula and the Oder with thirty thousand men ; Augereau, the Elbe with fifty thousand. Without reckoning the divisions of Macdonald, Schwartzenberg, Victor, and Augereau, it was with about two hundred and ninety thousand men, half of whom were French, that Napoleon marched to cross the Niemen and threaten the centre of Russia. Alexander had collected on the Niemen ninety thousand men, commanded by Bagration ; on the Bug, tributary to the Vistula, sixty thousand men, commanded by Barclay de Tolly: those were what were called the Northern army and the army of the South. On the extreme right, Wittgenstein with thirty thousand men was to oppose Macdonald almost throughout the campaign ; on the extreme left, to occupy the Austrian Schwartzenberg as harmlessly as possible, Tormasof was placed with forty thousand. Later this latter army, reinforced by fifty thousand men from the Danube, became formidable, and was destined, under Admiral Tchitchagof, seriously to embar- rass the retreat of the French. In the rear of all these forces was a reserve of eighty thousand men, — Cossacks, and the militia. Only a few contingents of the militia, brave muzhiki with long beards, were to figure in the campaign, but its im- posing total of six hundred and twelve thousand men could 3:26 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. hardly have existed except on paper. In reality, to the two hundred and ninety thousand men Napoleon had mustered under his hand, the Emperor of Russia could oppose only the one hundred and fifty thousand of Bagration and Barclay de Tolly. He counted on the devotion of the nation. " 0 that the enemy," says a proclamation of the Tsar, " may en- counter in each noble a Pozharski, in each ecclesiastic a Palit- snin, in each citizen a Minin. Rise, all of you ! With the cross in your hearts and arms in your hands, no human force can prevail against you." At the opening of the campaign the headquarters of Alexander were at Vilna. Besides his generals, lie had there his brother Konstantin, his ministers Araktcheef, Bala- shef, Kotchubey, and Volkonski, the chiefs of the Lithuanian nobility, Princes Sulkovski and Lubetski, and others. There were collected also refugees of all nations, — Stein from among the Germans, the generals Wolzogen and Pfiihl, the Piedmontese Michaux, the Swede Armfelt, and the Italian Paulucci. They deliberated and argued much. To attack Napoleon was to furnish him with the opportunity he wished; to retire into the interior leaving a desert behind them, as Barclay had advised in eighteen hundred and seven, seemed hard and humiliating. A middle course was sought by adopt- ing the scheme of Pfiihl, — to establish an intrenched camp at Drissa, on the Dwina, and to make it a Russian Torres Vedras. The events in the Peninsula filled all minds. Pfiihl desired to act like Wellington at Torres Vedras. Others pro- posed a guerilla warfare like that of Spain. But while they were wasting their time in vain deliberations, the French army crossed the Niemen and surprised Vilna. Barclay had to fall back on the Dwina, and Bagration on the Dnieper. Napoleon made his entry into Vilna, the ancient capital of the Lithuanian Gedimin. He had said in his second procla- mation, " The second Polish war has begun ! " The Diet of Warsaw had pronounced the re-establishment of the kingdom 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 327 of Poland, and sent a deputation to Vilna to demand the ad- hesion of Lithuania, and to obtain the Emperor's protection. We can understand with what ardor the Lithuanian nobility crowded around Napoleon. The decision of the Polish diet was solemnly accepted by the Lithuanians. " This ceremony," relates Eezensac, " took place in the cathedral of Vilna, where all the nobility had assembled together. The men were dressed in the ancient Polish costume, the women adorned with red and violet ribbons, the national colors." As to the Poles, properly so called, although Napoleon, by dispersing the army of sixty thousand men among the divisions, had rendered it invisible, nothing could equal their enthusiasm ; boundless hope filled all hearts. The work begun at Tilsit at the expense of Prussia, continued at Vienna at the expense of Austria, was to be finished at the expense of Russia ! At last they were to taste the revenge which France had prepared for eighteen years for the faithful legions of Dombrovski ! This was the splendid gift with which the Emperor was go- ing to reward the zeal of his Grognards, his old soldiers of the Vistula ! " The young officers had recovered their confi- dence in the star of Napoleon," says Brandt. " Our elders might well laugh at our enthusiasm, and call us mad and pos- sessed ; we dreamed only of battles and victories ; we feared only one thing, a too great anxiety for peace on the part of the Russians We had in our ranks numerous descend- ants of the Lithuanians who had fought a hundred years be- fore, under the banners of Charles the Twelfth, — Radzivils, Sapiehas, Tysenhauses, and Khodskos." However, the enor- mous incapacity of Pradt at Warsaw, and the somewhat re- served answers of Napoleon at Vilna, caused a little hesitation. This was his reply to the deputation from Warsaw : " If I had reigned during the partitions of Poland, I should have armed all my subjects to support you. I applaud all that you have clone ; I authorize the efforts that you wish to make ; all that depends on me to second your resolutions, I 323 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. will do. Bat I have guaranteed to the Emperor of Austria the integrity of his States. Let Lithuania, Samogitia, Vol- hynia, the Ukraina, and Podolia be animated by the same spirit that I have seen in Great Poland, and Providence will crown with success the sanctity of your cause." In Lithuania the movement could not be truly national, since the people were not Poles. Napoleon, either with the design of pleasing Austria, of preserving the possibility of peace with Russia, or because he was afraid to make Poland too strong, took only half-measures. He gave Lithuania an administration distinct from that of Poland ; assembled a commission, which voted the creation of a Lithuanian army, formed of four regi- ments of infantry and five of cavalry ; and spent four hundred thousand francs in aid of their equipment. A national guard — composed of infantry for the towns, of horse for the country — was to watch over the security of the provision trains, and to help the French soldiers to maintain discipline. A last attempt to negotiate a peace failed. To gain time, Alexander sent General Balashof to Vilna, demanding that the whole French army should recross the Niemen before any negotia- tions could be begun. And on his side Napoleon proposed two unacceptable conditions : the abandonment of Lithuania, and the declaration of war against Great Britain. If Na- poleon, instead of plunging into Russia, had contented him- self with organizing and defending the ancient principality of Lithuania, no power on earth could have prevented the re- establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian State within its former limits. The destinies of France and Europe would have been changed. The road which led to Vilna passed through a sort of nat- ural pass, due to the configuration of the Dwina and the Dnie- per, the one making an angle near Vitepsk, the other near Orsha, thereby ceasing to bar the way to the invader. To be sure, there were the raised works at Drissa on the Dwina, the Torres Vedras of the learned Pl'iilil ; but the place of the 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 329 camp was so badly chosen, with the river at the back, and only four bridges in case of retreat, and was so easily out- flanked by way of Yitepsk, that it was resolved to abandon it. There existed in the army immense irritation against Pfiihl, against the Germans, against the multiplicity of commands. It seemed out of place for the Tsar to be with the army ; thev remembered Austerlitz. The Russian nobles made up their minds to induce him to depart ; Araktcheef himself, and Bala- sliof, the Minister of Police, respectfully represented to him that his presence would be more useful at Smolensk, at Mos- cow, or at Saint Petersburg, where he could convoke the orders of the State, demand sacrifices both in men and money, and keep up the patriotic enthusiasm. From that time Bar- clay and Bagration commanded their armies alone. Napoleon feared to penetrate into the interior ; he would have liked to gain some brilliant success not far from the Lithuanian frontier, and overwhelm one of the two Russian armies, but the vast spaces, the bad roads, the misunderstand- ings, the growing disorganization of the army, caused all his movements to fail. Barclay de Tolly, after having given bat- tle at Ostrovno and Vitepsk, fell back on Smolensk ; Bagra- tion fought at Mohilef and Orsha, and in order to rejoin Barclay retreated to Smolensk. There the two Russian gen- erals held council. Their troops were exasperated by this continual retreat, and Barclay, a good tactician, with a clear and methodical mind, did not agree with Bagration, who was impetuous, like a true pupil of Suvorof. The one held firmly for a retreat, in which the Russian army would become stronger and stronger, and the French army weaker and weaker, as they advanced into the interior ; the other wished to act on the offensive, full of risk as it was. The army was on the side of Bagration, and Barclay, a German of the Baltic provinces, was suspected, and all but insulted. He consented to take the initiative against Murat, who had arrived at Kras- noe, and a bloody battle was fought on August fourteenth. v CO 330 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. On the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth of August an- other desperate fight took plaee at Smolensk, in which the town was burnt, and twenty thousand men perished. Bar- clay still retired, drawing with him Bagration. In his retreat Bagration fought Ney at Valutina , ; it was Eylau on a smaller scale : fifteen thousand men of both armies remained on the field of battle. Napoleon felt that he was being enticed into the interior of Russia. The Russians still retreated, laying waste all behind them. " Tell us only when the moment is come, we will set fire to our dwellings," said the peasants to the soldiers. Smo- lensk caused a loss of three days; but the Russians on their side were astonished that the ancient fortress, which had sus- tained so many lengthy sieges in the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries, had resisted Napoleon only that length of time. The Grand Army was melting away before their very eyes. From the Niemen to Vilna, without ever having seen the enemy, it had lost fifty thousand men from sickness, deser- tion, and stragglers ; from Vilna to Mohilef, nearly one hun- dred thousand. Ney was reduced from thirty-six thousand men to twenty-two thousand ; Oudinot from thirty-eight thousand to twenty-three thousand ; Murat from twenty-two thousand to fourteen thousand ; the Bavarians, attacked by dysentery, from twenty-seven thousand to thirteen thousand; the Italian division Pino from eleven thousand to five thou- sand ; the Italian guard, the Westphalians, the Poles, the Saxons, and the Kroats had not suffered less. The " ignoble and dangerous crowds of stragglers," as they were called by Brandt, encumbered all the roads, pillaged the convoys and the magazines, with open violence plundered the villages and towns, and did not even respect their officers when they found them alone. They had devoured Poland and Lithuania in their passage through them. At Minsk, whilst the Te Deum was being chanted for the deliverance of Lithuania, cuiras- siers had broken into the shops. In this march against the 1801- 1S:25.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 331 enemy the miseries of the retreat might be clearly foreseen. Napoleon did what he could to fill the voids which were already so sensible. He ordered Victor's army to advance i ito Lithuania, Augereau to pass the Elbe and the Oder, and the hundred cohorts of the national guards to make them- selves ready to cross the Rhine. In the north Macdonald repulsed Wittgenstein, took Polotsk after a battle on the eigh- teenth of August, occupied Diinaburg, threatened to invest Riga, and disquieted Saint Petersburg ; but in the south, Tormasof obtained some success over Reynier and Schwart- zenberg. In the Russian army the discontent grew with the retreat- ing movement; they were always retiring, now on Dorogo- buzh, now on Viasma ; they began to murmur as much against Bagration as against Barclay. Then Alexander, yielding to the common feeling, united the two armies under the supreme command of Kutuzof, of whom, indeed, he had a very low opinion. But Kutuzof had on his side the remi- niscences of Amstetten, Krems, and Dirnstein ; it was not to him that Austerlitz was imputed. He was a true Russian of the old school, indolent and sleepy in appearance, but very judicious and very patriotic. No one understood better than he did the Russian soldier and the national character. Men needed hope above all things. His appointment excited gen- eral enthusiasm ; the rumor immediately spread in the army that " Kutuzof had come to beat the French." Happy say- ings raised his popularity to the skies. Passing his regiments in review, " With such soldiers," he exclaimed, " who would think of beating a retreat?" He ordered, however, a retro- grade movement ; but " all felt that in retiring they were marching against the French." They recoiled, but only to reinforce themselves, to await the troops that Miloradovitch was to bring them, the Cossacks that Platof was to recruit on the Don, the bearded militia that had risen at the voice of the Tsar, the famous drujina of Moscow, promised by the Governor Rostoptchin. 33.2 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Kutuzof halted at the village of Borodino. He had then seventy-two thousand infantry, eighteen thousand regular cavalry, seven thousand Cossacks, ten thousand militiamen, and six hundred and forty guns served by fourteen thou- sand artillerymen or pioneers ; in all, one hundred and twenty-one thousand men. Napoleon had been able to concentrate only eighty-six thousand infantry, twenty-eight thousand cavalry, and five hundred and eighty-seven guns, served by sixteen thousand pioneers or artillerymen. This was about equal to the effective force of the Russians; but his army, now tempered by the long march of hundreds of kilometers, was still the most admirable of modern times. On the fifth of September the French took the redoubt of Shevardino ; the seventh was the day of the great battle, one of the bloodiest of modern times : this was known as the bat- tle of Borodino among the Russians, while it was called the battle of the Moskova in the bulletins of Napoleon, though the Moskova flows at some distance from the field of carnage. The front of the Russian army was bounded on the right by the village of Borodino on the Kolotcha ; on the centre by the Red Mountain, where rose what the French called the Great Redoubt, and the Russians the Raievski battery, on the spot where now stands the memorial column ; and on the left by three little redoubts or outworks of Bagration's, on the site of the monastery since founded by Madame Tutchkof. Be- tween the Red Mountain and Bagration's outworks ran the ravine of Semenovskoe, with the village of the same name. During the battle Napoleon remained near the redoubt of Shevardino; Kutuzof, at the village of Gorki. Barclay de Tolly commanded on the right ; he occupied Borodino, with the forces of Miloradovitch, and Gorki, with those of Dok- turof. Bagration commanded the left ; he occupied the Red Mountain with the troops of Raievski and Semenevskoe, and the three redoubts with those of Borosdin. Napoleon had placed Eugene, with the army of Italy and the Bavarians, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 333 opposite the great redoubt ; Ney, with Junot and the Wur- tembergers, opposite the three small ones ; Davoust with the Poles and Saxons, and Murat with his numerous cavalry, were to turn the Russians by their left. On the extreme right Poniatovski was to clear the woods of Utitsa. In the rear the division of Friant and the guard formed an impos- ing reserve. Profound silence reigned in the Russian camp on the eve of the battle.; religious fervor and patriotic fire inflamed all hearts ; they passed the night confessing and communicating ; they put on white shirts as if for a wedding. In the morn- ing one hundred thousand men, on their knees, were blessed and sprinkled with holy water by the priests ; the wonder- working Virgin of Vladimir was carried in procession round the front of the troops, in the midst of sobs and enthusiasm; an eagle hovered over the head of Kutuzof, and a loud " hur- rah " saluted this happy omen. The battle began by a terri- ble cannonade of twelve hundred guns, which was heard one hundred kilometers around. Then the French, with an irre- sistible charge, took Borodino on one side, and the redoubts on the other ; Ney and Murat crossed the ravine of Semenov- skoe, and cut the Russian army nearly in two. At ten o'clock the battle seemed won, but Napoleon refused to carry out his first success by employing the reserve, and the Russian gen- erals had time to bring up new troops in line. They recap- tured the great redoubt, and Platof, the Cossack, made a sudden attack on the rear of the Italian army ; a stubborn fight took place at the outworks. At last Napoleon made his reserve troops advance ; again Murat's cavalry swept the ra- vine ; Caulaincourt's cuirassiers assaulted the great redoubt from behind, and flung themselves on it like a tempest, while Eugene of Italy scaled the ramparts. Again the Russians lost their outworks. Then Kutuzof gave the signal to retreat, and collected his troops on Psarevo. Napoleon refused to hazard his last reserves against these desperate men, and to 334 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. "have his guard demolished." He contented himself with crushing them with artillery until night. The French lost thirty thousand men, the Russians forty thousand; the former had forty-nine generals and thirty-seven colonels killed and wounded, the Russians almost as many, and they numbered Bagration, Count Kutaisof, and the two Tutchkof brothers, among their dead. Napoleon still concentrated one hundred thousand men in his immediate vicinity, Kutuzof only fifty thousand ; but Napoleon's losses were irreparable at this dis- tance ; the Grand Army was condemned to gain nothing by its victories. The novelist Tolstoi uses this expression, " The beast is mortally wounded." " Napoleon," says Brandt, the Pole, " had gained the victory, but at what a price ! The great redoubt and its surroundings offered a spectacle which sur- passed the worst horrors that could be dreamed of. The ditches, the fosses, the very interior of the outwork, was buried beneath an artificial hill of dead or dying, six or eight men deep, heaped one upon the other." Alexander, in spite of this defeat, named Kutuzof field-marshal, and in the churches solemn services were performed as though a success had been obtained. Kutuzof retired in good order, announcing to Alexander that they had made a steady resistance, but were retreating to protect Moscow. He called a council of war at Fily, on one of the hills which overhang Moscow ; and the sight of the great and holy city extended at their feet, condemned perhaps to perish, caused inexpressible emotion to the Russian generals. The only question was this, Was it necessary to sacrifice the last army of Russia in order to save Moscow? Barclay de- clared that " when it became a matter of the salvation of Russia and of Europe, Moscow was only a city like any other." Others said, like the artillery officer Grabbe, " It would be glorious to die under Moscow, but it is not a ques- tion of glory." "But," said Prince Eugene of Wurtemberg, "many feel that they are held by honor to stop all retrograde 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 335 movements : just as the tomb is the end of man's journey on earth, so Moscow ought to be the goal, the tomb of the Rus- sian warrior ; beyond it another world already begins." Ben- nigsen, Iermolof, and Ostermann were in favor of a last battle. Kutuzof listened to all, and then said, " Here my head, be it good or bad, must decide for itself," and ordered a retreat beyond the town. Yet he felt that Moscow was not " only a city like any other." He would not enter it, and passed through the suburbs weeping. For the retreat also there were two alternative paths. Barclay advised that of Vladi- mir, which allowed Saint Petersburg to be covered. Kutu- zof preferred that of Riazan, by which he could place himself on Napoleon's right flank, receive reinforcements from the south, and keep the French from the route to the most fertile provinces of the empire. The event proved that he was right. Up to this time Alexander had raised the militia in only sixteen governments : those of Moscow, Tver, Iaroslavl, Vla- dimir, Riazan, Tula, Kaluga, and Smolensk were to furnish one hundred and twenty-three thousand men ; Saint Peters- burg and Novgorod twenty-five thousand. At Tula seven thousand muskets of a new pattern were being manufactured every month. Alexander had said to Michaux, " We will make of Russia a new Spain." The Metropolitan of Mos- cow and all the priests were calling men to arms against the " impious Frenchman, the bold Goliath," who was to be thrown to the earth bv the sling of a new David. Alexander had appointed Count Rostoptchin Governor of Moscow, and when he left the city he gave him absolute power. This noble, who possessed a Frenchman's wit, was well acquainted with all classes of people, but affected the picturesque language of the peasants, and understood, as he said, " how to throw dust in men's eyes." The patriot Glinka compared him to Napoleon. His correspondence with Semen Vorontsof, his proclamation of eighteen hundred and twelve, his Memoirs written in eighteen hundred and twentv-three, 33G HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. his pamphlet of the same year, entitled " The Truth about the Burning of Moscow," may be counted amongst the most curi- ous documents of Russian history. " I do everything," he writes to the Emperor, " to gain the good-will of every one. My two visits to the Mother of God at Iberia, the free access of all towards myself, the verification of the weights and measures, fifty blows with a stick applied in my presence to a sub-officer who, when charged with the sale of salt, caused the muzhiki to wait too long, have won me the confidence of vour devoted and faithful subjects." " I resolved," he says, " at every disagreeable piece of news to raise doubts as to its truth ; by this means I weakened the first impression, and before there was time to verify it others came which needed to be examined." He organized a regular system of spies to watch over the propagators of false news, the Martinists, the Freemasons, and the Liberals. He was jealous of Glinka, who nevertheless admired him, and who in the " Russian Messen- ger " " unchained the furies of the patriotic war." When Alex- ander came to Moscow and convoked the three orders at the Kreml, Rostoptchin caused kibitki to be prepared to carry into Siberia any who might ask the Emperor indiscreet questions. These precautions were unnecessary. The nobles gave their peasants, the merchants their money ; the reading of the im- perial manifesto was received with enthusiasm. " At first," relates Rostoptchin, " they listened with the greatest attention, then they gave some signs of anger and impatience; when they came to the phrase which declared that the enemy came with " flattery on their lips and irons in their hands," the general indignation burst forth. They beat their heads, they tore their hail1, they wrung their hands, and tears of rage fell down their fares, which recalled those of the ancients. I saw one man gnashing his teeth." At bottom, the government mis- trusted the people, who, being serfs, might allow themselves to be tempted bv the proclamations of liberty put forth by the invader. It was for this reason that Rostoptchin placed three 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 337 hundred thousand rubles at the disposal of Glinka, the popu- lar writer. There was no need of the money, and Glinka re- stored the three hundred thousand rubles. Rostoptohin invented good news ; one day he posted up " Great Victory of Ostermann," another day " Great Victory of Wittgenstein." Sensible men ended by never believing him, but his bulletins had always firm hold on the people. " Fear nothing," he said : " a storm has come ; we will dissi- pate it ; the grain will be ground, and become meal. Only beware of drunkards and fools ; they have large ears, and whisper ridiculous things one to the other. Some believe that Napoleon comes for our good, while in reality he only thinks of flaying us. He makes the soldiers expect to get the field-marshal's staff, he makes beggars expect mountains of gold, and while they are waiting he takes every one by the collar and sends him to his death. And for this reason I beg you, if any of our countrymen or foreigners begin to praise him, and to promise this or that in his name, seize him, whoever he may be, and take him before the police. As to the culprit, I shall know how to bring him to his senses, were he a giant." " I will answer with my head that the scoundrel does not enter Moscow. And see on what I base my proph- ecy If that is not enough, then I shall say, ' Forward, drujina of Moscow! let us also march. And we shall be one hundred thousand men of war. Jjet us take with us the image of the Mother of God, one hundred and fifty guns, and we shall finish the affair together.' ' After Borodino he again puts forth this proclamation : " Brothers, we are many, and ready to sacrifice our lives for the salvation of the country and to prevent that wretch from entering Moscow ; but you must help me. Moscow is our mother ; she has suckled us, nour- ished us, enriched us. In the name of the Mother of God I invite you to the defence of the temples of the Lord, of Mos- cow, of Russia ! Arm yourselves in any way you can, on foot or on horseback ; take only enough bread for three days, go vol. ii. 22 333 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. with the cross, preceded by the banners that you will take from the churches, and assemble at once on the three moun- tains. I shall be with you, and together we will exterminate the invaders. Glory in heaven for those who go there ! Eter- nal peace to those who die ! Punishment in the last judg- ment to those who draw back ! " The majority of the people did not think of the possibility of abandoning the holy city to the enemy without striking a blow. They all armed them- selves as best they could. The arsenals were thrown open to them, and with steadfast courage they waited the command to go out against their foe. Meanwhile forty Frenchmen or foreigners who were settled at Moscow were transferred to Kazan. Domergue, the direc- tor of the French theatre at Moscow, describes their sad jour- ney. Rostoptchin made a certain Leppich or Schmidt work secretly at a wonderful balloon, which would cover with fire the whole French army. He removed all the archives and the treasures of the churches and palaces to Vladimir. When the Russian army left Moscow, he also quitted it, after cruelly slaying Vereshtchaghin, who was accused of having spread jNapoleon's proclamations. Pie caused the prisons to be opened, took away the fire-engines, and ordered Yoronenko to set on tire the stores of brandy, and the boats loaded with alcohol. The burning of Moscow no doubt arose from this. By his own confession it was "an event which he had pre- pared, but which he was far from executing." He contented himself with " inflaming the spirits of men." Already the gates of the capital were crowded with vehicles of all sorts ; every one emigrated who could leave the town. The people who remained at Moscow steadily nursed their illusions. When the first soldiers of the Grand Army ap- peared, they thought that it was the Swedes or English who had come to their help. The pillage of the deserted houses began, and the populace rivalled the zeal of the invaders. Napoleon arrived, and tried to quell the disorder; he ap- 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 339 pointed Mortier governor of the town. " Above all, no pil- lage ! " he said ; " you will answer for it with your head." On September fourteenth, eighteen hundred and twelve, the troops defiled through the streets of Bielui-gorod and Kitai- gorod, singing the Marseillaise. Napoleon ascended the Red Staircase, and established himself in the ancient palace of the Tsars. Almost immediately the fires broke out in many places. The night of the fifteenth of September was espe- cially terrible. The Kreml itself, with the artillery wagons of the guard, was in clanger. Napoleon had to leave it, and force his way through the flames ; he almost perished on the road, and finally reached the Petrovski park. The courts- martial condemned about four hundred incendiaries, real or suspected, to death. All was over with the French conquest ; only a fifth of the houses and churches remained standing. From that time it was impossible to prevent the plunder of the cellars, and of the buildings which were intact. The Ger- man allies were, according to the Muscovites, incomparably more greedy than the true Frenchmen. They deserved the name of " the merciless army," which was given them by the common people who suffered at their hands. During the thirty-five clays that the troops remained at Moscow their disorganization was brought to a climax, and probably ten or twelve thousand men perished from hunger. The troops began to eat the horses. Napoleon, however, got together a company of comedians in the house of Posniakof, held concerts in the Kreml, and sent down the decree from Moscow regulating the Theatre Francais of Paris ; but in spite of all this he was a prey to disquietude. The plan of a march to Saint Petersburg on the approach of winter was rejected as impracticable. He sent General Lauriston to offer terms of peace, but all attempts to open negotiations with Alexander were unsuccessful. He thought of declaring himself King of Poland, of re-establishing the principality of Smolensk, and of dismembering Western Russia; he studied papers 340 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. relative to the attempt of seventeen hundred and thirty, to see if he could not seduce the nobles by the bait of a constitution, and dreamed of decreeing the liberty of the serfs and of raising the Tatars on the Volga, but lie was powerless, without means of action, without news, almost blockaded in Moscow. To the south the way was barred by Kutuzof, who, having led seventy-five thousand men, wearied with long marches and incessant fighting, into his camp of Tarutino, was continually becoming reinforced by volunteers from all parts of the empire. In three weeks his army had increased by more than thirty thousand. The Ataman of the Don Cossacks, Platof, enrolled twenty-six regiments and came to his aid. As the result of the victorious battle which Kutu- zof fought with Murat near the village of Vinkovo, on the eighteenth of October, the road to Riazan was shut; by the battle of Malo-Iaroslavets on the twenty-third and twenty- fourth of October, the way to Kaluga was blocked, leaving free only the road to Smolensk, which had been laid waste. Even this was no longer safe. The war of guerillas, the war of peasants, the Cossack war, had begun. Ilerasim Kurin, a peasant of the village of Pavlovo, assembled fifty-eight hundred men " to fight for the country and the holy temple of the mother of God against an enemy who threatened to burn all the villages, and to take the skin off all the inhabi- tants." The muzhiki fell on foraging parties and marauders ; they killed them by blows with pitchforks ; they hung them ; they drowned them. Wilson the Englishman relates that they buried men alive. In the single district of Borovsk thirty-five hundred soldiers were killed or taken. The guerilla chiefs, Figner, Seslavin, Davuidof, Benkendorff, and Prince Kurakin, captured the provision wagons on the road to Smo- lensk. Dorokhof, with a band of twenty-five hundred men and a party of Cossacks, took Vereia by assault. The peas- ant Vasilisa and Sudaruina Nadezhda Durova gave warlike 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 341 examples to the Russian women. Cossacks already appeared disguised in Moscow. On the thirteenth of October, in the first snow, Napoleon made the ambulances and the first convoys quit Moscow. From the eighteenth to the twenty-third, ninety thousand combatants left the city. They took with them six hundred guns, two thousand artillery wagons, and fifty thousand non- combatants, — - invalids, workmen, women, and inhabitants of the town who feared the first excesses of the Cossacks. Mor- tier was the last to leave Moscow, after having sprung mines under the Kreml. Elisabeth's palace was blown up ; the gate of the Saviour, that of the Trinity, and the tower of Ivan the Great were cracked by the explosions ; there were many gaps in the Kreml walls. It was a cruel, useless revenge, which was likely to call down horrible reprisals on the wounded, of whom twelve hundred were left behind. The only road to Smolensk was opened by the battle of Viasma on the third of November, where Ney and Eugene, cut off from Davoust by Miloradovitch, defeated forty thousand Russians, but themselves lost several thousand men. Until the sixth and seventh of November the cold was endurable, but the snow and ice made the roads almost impassable for the horses. The Emperor himself reached Smolensk on the ninth, but it was several days before the whole army was reunited. At Smolensk they found the shops plundered and deserted. The orders which Napoleon had given for collecting provis- ions had been neglected. Hunger and the terrible cold began to decimate the remains of the Grand Army. Marshal Ney, who commanded the rear-guard, left Smolensk on the seventeenth, blowing up the walls and towers. The appear- ance of Platof's Cossacks alone saved the rest of the city. At Krasnoe Napoleon was obliged to return with the guard to the assistance of Davoust, who was in great danger of being cut off. Ney was reduced to such extremities that he was believed to be entirely lost, but on the nineteenth of Novem- 31:2 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. ber, having given battle to sixty thousand Russians with a body of only six thousand fighting men and as many strag- glers, he crossed the Dnieper on the ice and unexpectedly joined the rest of the army at Orsha. From Smolensk to Krasnoe twenty-six thousand stragglers and wounded, two hundred and eight cannon, and five thousand carriages fell into the hands of Kutuzof. Zherkievitch, in his " Memoirs," tells us how the old gen- eral, who had collected all these trophies almost without a blow, triumphed in his success. They brought him a French fl;i2;, where amidst the names of immortal battles he read that of Austerlitz. " What have we there?" he asked. "Auster- litz ! It is true it was hot work at Austerlitz. But I wash my hands of it before the whole army. They are innocent of Austerlitz." Again at the camp of the Semenovski, one of his officers exclaimed, " Hurrah for the Savior of Russia ! " " No," said Kutuzof; " listen, my friends! It is not to me that the honor belongs, but to the Russian soldier." And, throwing his cap into the air, he cried with all his strength, "Hurrah! hurrah for the brave Russian soldier!" Then, made communicative by the joy of success, he said to his offi- cers, " Where will the son of a dog lie this night? I know already that he will not sleep quietly at Liadui : Seslavin has given me his word of honor. Listen, gentlemen, to a pretty fable that Kruilof the good story-teller has sent me. A wolf entered into a kennel and tormented the dogs. As to his en- trance, he had managed that very well ; but it was quite an- other affair to get out ! All the dogs were after him, and he was driven into a corner with his hairs standing on end, and saying, ' What is the matter, my friends ? What is your grievance against me? I came simply to see what you were doing, and now I am going away.' The huntsman by this time had hastened to the spot, and replied, 'No, friend Wolf, you will not impose upon us ! It is true you are an old ras- cal with gray hair, but I am also gray, and not more stupid ISO! - 18:25.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 343 than you.' " And, taking off his cap and showing his gray locks, Kutuzof continued, " You shall not go as you have come, for I have set my dogs at your heels." The situation of the French army was critical. In the north, Saint Cyr, after a bloody battle at Polotsk on the nine- teenth of October, evacuated the line of the Dwina. Macdon- ald was therefore left without support, expecting the desertion of some of his Prussians. In the south, Schwartzenberg had retreated on Warsaw, being more occupied with Poland than with the safety of Napoleon. Thus, Wittgenstein on the north, and Tchitchagof on the south, could hang on the flanks of the Grand Army ; both hoped to come up with it at the passage of the Berezina, and to enclose it between them- selves and Kutuzof. Kutuzof himself reckoned on this, and restrained the ardor of the most impatient of the Cossacks, and of Wilson the Englishman, who said, " What a shame to let all these ghosts roam from their graves ! " They all be- lieved that a breath would scatter what had been the Grand Army, but Kutuzof would not hazard what he had gained in a battle ; he left it to time, to hunger, and to winter. The cold, was destined to reach twenty-six degrees. A witty Russian said that the French were conquered in this retreat by Mar- shal Morozof, corresponding to our General Jack Frost. In spite of Kutuzof, in spite of Wittgenstein, in spite of Tchitchagof, the ice, and the breaking down of the bridges, the French army crossed the Berezina near Studianka from the twenty-sixth to the twenty-ninth of November. The world knows what a price the passage cost, but still it was a great success, a victory of the desperate. Surrounded by one hun- dred and forty thousand Russians, these forty thousand men with the Emperor managed to cross. A third of them were Poles. They continued their journey. Arriving at Sniorgoni on the fifth of December, Napoleon, accompanied by only Cau- laincourt, Duroc, and Mouton, quitted the army to hasten to Paris, leaving the command to Murat. Three days later the 344 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. army reached Vilna, where some months previously splendid fetes had received the restorer of Poland, the liberator of Lithu- ania. The starving soldiers rushed eagerly into the houses. Suddenly the cannons sounded on three sides : it was the three Russian armies which had come up. Ney, with his four thou- sand " braves," protected the flight of this tumultuous crowd. After his departure there happened in Vilna a scene more frightful, perhaps, than the passage of the Berezina. The city was filled with sick and wounded French ; nearly every house was crowded with them. The Jews, who were very numerous in this town, through fear of the Russians and hatred of the French and Polish conscriptions, threw these unhappy wretches out of the windows. The Jewish women could easily kick to death the men who had only lately taken the bridge of Friedland or the great redoubt of Borodino. The Cossacks, first to enter the town, fell furiously upon the defenceless camp-followers, on the women and the sutlers. Then a frightful carnage took place. Thirty thousand corpses were burned on piles. The remains of the army, always pro- tected by the intrepid Ney, at last recrossed the Niemen. They left behind them three hundred and thirty thousand French and allies, dead or prisoners. CAMPAIGNS OF GERMANY AND FRANCE: TREATIES OF PARIS AND VIENNA. After the extinction of the Grand Army, Kutuzof and the Chancellor Rumiantsof were agreed not to tempt fortune, but simply to take the eastern provinces of Prussia and Poland, to make the Vistula the frontier of Russia, and to conclude a peace with Napoleon. " But," says M. Bogdanovitch, " they did not reflect that Napoleon could easily repair his losses, thanks to the strong concentration of France in a confined space, to the rapidity with which French conscripts were taught, to the great sup- plies of war material, and to the vast financial resources. We, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER!: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 345 oh the contrary, had to assemble our recruits over immense spaces, and our finances were in great disorder. Conse- quences proved that even with the help of Prussia, then ex- erting all its strength, we could not make head against Napoleon in the battles of Liitzen and Bautzen. What, then, would have happened if the Prussians, irritated at our preten- sions, had allied themselves with Prance ? Obviously Napo- leon, reinforced by Prussian armies and the Polish contingents, would have reappeared on the Dwina, and, profiting by the lesson of eighteen hundred and twelve, would have acted with more precaution and perhaps with more success." Alexander, therefore, resolved to find in the nations which were said "o be oppressed by Napoleon the forces necessary to vanquis 1 him, to make the security of Russia rest on the " liberatk n " of the whole of Europe ; and following the ex- ample of Napoleon, who had provoked a general movement from West to East against Russia, to raise the nations from East to West against Prance. The burning of his palace and his capital rendered him inaccessible to all proposals of peace ; Stein and the other German refugees did not allow him to forget his vengeance. While the Russian troops were invading Poland, and giving battle to the remnants of the Grand Army at Elbing and Kalish ; while Tchartoruiski was entreating the Tsar to re-establish Poland, under the sceptre of the Grand Duke Mikhail, Alexander opened negotiations with Prussia. Fred- erick William negotiated at once both with him and Napo- leon. He disavowed General York of Wartenburg, whose defection from the French at Tauroggen had given the signal for the Germanic movement, and who was raising Eastern Prussia. He sent, however, Knesebeck, disguised as a mer- chant, to the headquarters of the Tsar. Alexander in his turn sent him Stein and Anslett, who induced him to sign the Treaty of Kalish on February twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and thirteen, by which the two princes formed an offensive 346 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. and defensive alliance, " for the re-establishment of the Prus- sian monarchy within limits which may assure the tranquillity of the two States." Russia furnished one hundred and fifty thousand men, Prussia eighty thousand ; they were not to treat with Napoleon except in concert, and Russia was to try to obtain for Prussia a subsidy from England. It was only on the seventeenth of March, when Wittgenstein had made his entry into Berlin, that the King of Prussia declared war against Napoleon, and put forth proclamations " To my people ! to my army ! " On the nineteenth of March, when Bliicher entered Saxony, the two princes concluded the con- vention of Breslau : they decided to summon all the princes and all the people of Germany to hasten to set free their com- mon country ; the princes who refused within a specified time were to be deprived of their territories. The Confed- eration of the Rhine was broken up : a central council of government was created to administer the countries which were to be reconquered, from Saxony to Holland, to collect the revenues assigned from that time to the allied Powers, and everywhere to organize levies. Meanwhile Napoleon had been displaying his usual activ- ity ; he had set on foot four hundred and fifty thousand men with more than twelve hundred cannon ; his good cities of Paris, Lyons, Rome, Amsterdam, and Hamburg had made him patriotic presents of thousands of horses. The Confederation of the Rhine, with the exception of Saxony, which was at that time being invaded, prepared contingents. It was with one hundred and eighty thousand men and three hundred and fifty guns that Napoleon reappeared on the line of the Elbe, and he might well count on crossing it, for in his strong places on the Vistula and the Oder — Dantzig, Thorn, Polotsk, Modlin, Kiistrin, Glogau, Stettin, and Stralsund — he had left garri- sons amounting to nearly an equal number. The weak point of this new army was the great number of conscripts, the youth of the soldiers, and the feebleness of the cavalry. The 1301-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 347 veterans, the innumerable squadrons of Murat, were buried beneath the snows of Russia. On the second of May, at the city of Li'itzen, and on the twentieth of May at Bautzen, Napoleon gained two hard- fought and brilliant victories over the allied kings who were present, but he captured neither cannon nor prisoners, nor could he pursue the vanquished for want of cavalry. He entered Dresden, and re-established his ally the King of Sax- ony ; even Silesia was reduced to subjection. In the north Davoust recaptured Hamburg and Li'ibeck, which an insur- rection had lost to the French ; the guerillas who had shown themselves in Westphalia and Hanover were driven back. The King of Prussia was singularly discouraged. Never able to put aside the recollections of eighteen hundred and six, he remarked after Liitzen, " It is just as it was at Auer- stadt." " The loss of these two battles," says M. Bogdano- vitch, " loosened the bonds of the alliance. The Prussian generals complained that their country was ravaged by the Russians as well as by the French . The ideas of Barclay de Tolly and most of the Russian leaders did not agree with those of Bliicher and his officers. In proportion as the Rus- sians increased the distance from their country, did they find it difficult to get ammunition, and even food. In all the space included between the Elbe and the Vistula there were as yet no store-houses. The soldiers were badly clothed and badly shod. The habitual discipline of the troops was becoming lax. The condition of the Prussian army was no better." Alexander and especially the King of Prussia had reason to say to themselves that they were playing for heavy stakes. In June the Emperor Francis interfered and persuaded his son-in-law to sign the armistice of Pleischwitz, of which Napoleon said, " If the allies do not really wish for peace, this truce may be fatal to us." During this time the Rus- sian army was in fact reinforced and reorganized ; Prussia created its Landwehr ; the two powers concluded their trea- 343 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. ties with England ; the Prince of Sweden became a member of the Coalition, being attracted by the promise of Norway ; Moreau, another Frenchman, brought his talents to the help of the allies ; Dantzig, Stettin, Kustrin, and Glogau were besieged. A piece of exciting news reached Germany. AVellington had gained the battle of Vittoria on June twenty- first, Spain was lost to Napoleon, and the English threat- ened to cross the Bidassoa into France itself. As to Austria, its tendency to defection showed itself more and more ; after Liitzen, Stadion had been sent to Alexander, and at the same time Bubna to Napoleon. Negotiations were prolonged, and Napoleon, discontented with the state of affairs, tried in vain to approach Alexander ; Caulaincourt was not received. Austria at last transmitted to Napoleon the conditions of the allies, which were : the destruction of the grand duchy of Warsaw, and the partition of Poland between the three courts of the North ; the re-establishment of Prussia, as far as possible, within the limits of eighteen hundred and five ; restitution to Austria of its Illyrian provinces, together with Trieste ; restoration of the Hanse Towns ; and the dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine, though the latter was not made an absolute condition. Napoleon manifested the most lively irritation ; he had the celebrated interview with Prince Metternich in Dresden, in which he even charged him with accepting bribes from England ; nevertheless, he consented that a congress should assemble at Prague to discuss the conditions. How unimportant he considered the congress, however, is seen from the fact that he sent Caulaincourt with- out authority, and with the simple instruction to wait for Count Narbonne, who arrived only a few days before the truce had expired. To punish Austria's disloyalty, he deter- mined that " not one single village " should be ceded to it; with Russia lie wished for a glorious peace, but on the condi- tion that their possessions should be the same as before the war. Pretensions so opposite could not be reconciled, and 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 349 the allies increased their claims still further, by demanding that the Italian provinces should be restored to Austria, and Holland abandoned. When Napoleon, on the fifteenth of August, eighteen hundred and thirteen, finally consented to sacrifice the grand duchy of Warsaw and the Illyrian prov- inces, Austria declared that it was too late, and that it had entered into the Coalition. The allies had now three armies in Germany : that of the North, under Bernadotte, encamped on the Havel, with one hundred and thirty thousand Russians, Swedes, and Prus- sians ; that of Silesia, under Bliicher, posted on the Oder, numbering two hundred thousand Russians and Prussians; that of Bohemia, under Schwartzenberg, consisting of one hundred and thirty thousand Austrians and Russians, which had taken up its position in the neighborhood of Prague. Thus of the three commanders-in-chief not one was Russian. The Grand Duke Konstantin, Barclay, Ostermann, and Ier- molof served under Schwartzenberg, Sacken under Bliicher, and Wintzingerode under Bernadotte. The old Kutuzof had left the army and died at Buntzlau during the summer cam- paign. On the other hand, the Emperor of Russia, before whom the pale sovereigns of Austria and Prussia were eclipsed, seemed to direct the armies and the diplomacy of the Coa- lition. It was he who to the end was to be the firmest against Napoleon, the most thoroughly convinced of the ne- cessity of his downfall, and who, after having transported the war from Russia to Germany, would transport it from Ger- many to France. To all these forces Napoleon opposed the thirty thousand men of Davoust who occupied Hamburg, seventy thousand under Oudinot at Wittenberg, and the one hundred and eighty thousand which he had concentrated under his own command from Dresden to Liegnitz, with Vandamme, Saint Cyr, ISev, Macdonald, Mortier, and Murat. Pie fought a 350 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. great battle with the army of Bohemia in the very suburbs of Dresden, on the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh of August, in which the latter was forced to fall back in disorder on Bohe- mia, with the loss of forty thousand men and two hundred guns. The allies henceforth resolved to avoid all encounters with Napoleon, and to fight his lieutenants only. Napoleon had posted Vandamme, with twenty-five thou- sand men, in the defiles of Peterswald, to bar the way to the fugitives, and in the events which followed forgot to recall him. Vandamme descended as far as Toplitz, to cut off the allies, but on the twenty-ninth he came up with the Russian guard, which made a desperate resistance ; even the musicians, the drummers, and the clerks demanded muskets. Ostermann lost six hundred men, and was so severely wounded in one arm that it had to be amputated. Vandamme, still without orders, retreated to Kulm. lie there found himself attacked and surrounded by forces four times as numerous as his own, and on the thirtieth of August was taken with more than half of his corps. Kulm was almost entirely a Russian victory, due above all to Barclay, Ostermann, and Iermolof. It cost dear, for the Russians lost six thousand men, twenty-eight hundred of whom belonged to the guard. In his joy Alexander cov- ered the Preobrazhenski, the Ismai'lovski, the sailors, and the chasseurs of the guard with decorations, and caused Saint George's cross to be attached to their standards. The Coali- tion had at last gained a success which did much to encourage the army after the terrible defeat at the Saxon capital. About the same time Maedonald was defeated by Bliicher on the Katzbach, Oudinot at Gross-Beeren, and Ney at Dennewitz, by Bernadotte. At the battle of Dennewitz the French lost fifteen thousand men and eighty cannon ; it also cost the Prussians dear. The Cossacks threw themselves into West- phalia, and Tchernishef took Cassel and the archives of King Jerome. Prom that time the three armies pressed in a closer circle VIEW IN HAMBURG. 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 351 around Napoleon. Bennigsen had just brought the Russian army a reinforcement of sixty thousand men. The French army, reduced to one hundred and sixty thousand men, found itself face to face with three hundred thousand allies and twelve hundred guns, which formed a half-circle round it, and left free only the way to the West. Then Napoleon, whose army divisions were stationed at each gate of Leipzig, so as to command all the roads, fought the celebrated " battle of nations," which lasted four days. Alexander showed great personal bravery, remaining almost under the fire of the French batteries, and hastening the arrival of reinforcements on the most threatened places. On the sixteenth of October the French still maintained their position, on the seventeenth the two armies watched each other, and meanwhile the allies reached their maximum of concentration. On the eighteenth the battle began with renewed fury : the cannonade was more terrible than that of Borodino, says Miloradovitch ; it was on this day that thirty-rive hundred Saxons deserted. On the nineteenth the French army began to retreat towards the west, Victor and Augereau at the head ; Ney, Marmont, the guard, and Napoleon in the centre, while Lauriston, Mac- donald, and Poniatovski formed the rear-guard, which was destroyed by the premature explosion of the one narrow bridge over the Elster. Macdonald saved himself by swim- ming ; Lauriston was captured with thirty thousand men and one hundred and fifty guns ; Poniatovski was drowned. With him perished the hope of the regeneration of Poland by the hand of Napoleon : intrepid, disinterested, and patriotic, Poniatovski did not care for the staff of a marshal of France ; he wished only to remain "the chief of the Poles." The Prussians, who detested Saxony, were anxious to take the town of Leipzig by assault. Alexander was obliged to interfere, and managed to negotiate a capitulation with the remains of the French troops. As to the King of Saxony, a prisoner in his own palace, Alexander received him coldly; 352 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. he refused to treat with him under the pretext that he had rejected the appeal made by the Coalition to the German princes, and had persisted in his devotion to Napoleon. Perhaps he also wished to punish in him the last Saxon prince who had reigned over Poland. We shall see, besides, that the schemes of Alexander with regard to this part of Europe did not allow him to hold out any hopes to the King of Saxony. The battle of Leipzig was the overthrow of the French rule in Germany ; there remained, as evidence of what they had lost, only one hundred and fifty thousand men, as garri- sons scattered among the fortresses of the Vistula, the Oder, and the Elbe. Each success of the allies had been marked by the desertion of one of the peoples that had furnished its contingent to the Grand Army of eighteen hundred and twelve : after Prussia, Austria ; at Leipzig the Saxons ; the French had not been able to regain the Rhine except by pass- ing over the bodies of the Bavarians at Hanau. Baden, Wiirtemberg, Hesse, and Darmstadt declared their defection at nearly the same time ; the sovereigns were still hesitating whether to separate themselves from Napoleon, when their people and regiments, worked upon by the German patriots, had already passed into the allied camp. Jerome Bonaparte again quitted Cassel; Denmark found itself forced to adhere to the Coalition. Napoleon had retired to the left bank of the Rhine. Would Alexander cross this natural frontier of revolutionary France ? " Convinced," says M. Bogdanovitch, " by the ex- perience of many years, that neither losses inflicted on Napo- leon, nor treaties concluded with him, could check his insatiable ambition, Alexander was not willing simply to set free the involuntary allies of France, but he resolved to pursue the war till he had overthrown his enemy." The allied sovereigns came together again at Frankfort, and an immediate march to Paris was discussed. Alexander, Stein, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 353 Bliicher, Gneisenau, and all the Prussians were on the side of decisive action. The Emperor Francis and Metternich de- sired Napoleon to be only weakened, as his downfall would expose Austria to another danger, the preponderance of Russia on the Continent. Bernadotte insisted on Napoleon's de- thronement, with the ridiculous design of appropriating the crown of France, traitor as he was to its cause. England would have preferred a solid and immediate peace to a war which would demand exhausting subsidies, and increase its already enormous debt. These divergences, these hesitations, gave Napoleon time to strengthen his position. After Hanau, in the opinion of Ney, " the allies might have counted their stages to Paris." Napoleon then reopened the negotiations. The relinquish- ment of Italy, though Murat on his side was negotiating for the preservation of his kingdom of Naples, the relinquishment of Holland, of Germany, and of Spain, and the confinement of Prance between its natural boundaries of the Rhine and the Alps, — - such were the " Conditions of Frankfort." Napo- leon sent an answer to Metternich, " that he consented to the opening of a congress at Mannheim ; that the conclusion of a peace which would insure the independence both on land and sea, of all the nations of the earth, had always been the aim of his policy and of his desires." This reply seems eva- sive, but could the proposals of the allies have been serious? Encouraged by disloyal Frenchmen, they published the decla- ration of Frankfort, by which they affirmed " that they did not make war with France, but against the preponderance which, to the misfortune of Europe and of France, Napoleon had too long exercised beyond the limits of his empire." Deceitful assurance, too obvious snare, which could take in only a nation weary of war, enervated by twenty-two years of sterile victories, and at the end of its resources ! During this time Alexander, with the deputies of the Helvetian Diet summoned at Frank- fort, was discussing the basis of a new Swiss Confederation. vol. ii. 23 354 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Holland was already raised by the partisans of the house of Orange, and entered by the Prussians. The campaign of France now began. Alexander issued at Freiburg a proclamation to his troops : " Your heroism has led you from the banks of the Oka to those of the Rhine ; it will conduct you still farther ; we will cross the Rhine, we will penetrate to the territory of the peo- ple against whom we have sustained such a fierce and bloody struggle. Already we have saved and glorified our country ; we have given back to Europe its liberty and its indepen- dence. O that peace and tranquillity may reign over the whole earth ! that each State may prosper under its own government and its own laws ! By invading our empire, the enemy has done us much harm, and has therefore been sub- jected to a terrible chastisement. The anger of God has over- thrown him. Do not let us imitate him. The merciful God does not love cruel and inhuman men. Let us forget the evil he has wrought ; let us carry to our foes, not vengeance and hate, but friendship, and a hand extended in peace. The glory of Russia is to hurl its armed foe to the earth, but to load with benefits its disarmed enemy and the peaceful popu- lations." He refused to receive Caulaincourt at Freiburg, declaring that he would treat only in France. " Let us spare the French negotiator the trouble of the journey," he said to Metternich. " It does not seem to me a matter of indiffer- ence to the allied sovereigns, whether the peace with France is signed on this side of the Rhine, or on the other, in the very heart of France. Such an historical event is well worth a change of quarters." Without counting the armies of Italy and the Pyrenees, Napoleon had now a mere handful of troops, eighty thousand men, spread from Nimeguen to Bale, to resist five hundred thousand allies. The army of the North under Wintzinge- rode invaded Holland, Belgium, and the Rhenish provinces ; the army of Silesia under Bliicher crossed the Rhine between 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 355 Mannheim and Coblentz, and entered Nancy ; the army of Bohemia under Schwartzenberg passed through Switzerland, and advanced on Troves, where the Royalists demanded the restoration of the Bourbons. Napoleon was still able to bar for some time the way to his capital. He first attacked the army of Silesia ; he defeated the vanguard, the Russians of Sacken, at Saint Didier, and Bli'icher at Brienne ; but at La Rothiere he encountered the formidable masses of the Silesian and Bohemian armies, and after a fierce battle on the first of February, eighteen hundred and fourteen, had to fall back on Troyes. After this victory had secured their junction, the two armies separated again, the one to go clown the Marne, the other the Seine, with the intention of reuniting at Paris. Napoleon profited by this mistake. He threw himself on the left flank of the army of Silesia, near Champeaubert, where he dispersed the troops of Olsufief and Poltaratski, inflicted on them a loss of twenty-five hundred men, and took the gen- erals prisoners. At Montmirail, on the eleventh of February, in spite of the heroism of Zigrot and Lapukhin, he defeated Sacken ; the Russians alone lost twenty-eight hundred men and five guns. At Chateau Thierry he defeated Sacken and York reunited, and again the Russians lost fifteen hundred men and five guns. At Vauchamp it was Blucher's turn, who lost two thousand Russians, four thousand Prussians, and fif- teen guns. The army of Silesia was in terrible disorder. Bogdanovitch describes how " the peasants, exasperated by the disorder inseparable from a retreat, and excited by exag- gerated rumors of French successes, took up arms, and refused supplies. The soldiers suffered both from cold and hunger, Champagne affording no wood for bivouac fires. When the weather became milder, their shoes wore out, and the men, obliged to make forced marches with bare feet, were carried by hundreds into the hospitals of the country." Whilst the army of Silesia was retreating in disorder on the army of the North, Napoleon, with fifty thousand soldiers full 356 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. of enthusiasm, turned on that of Bohemia, crushed the Bava- rians and Russians at Mormans, the Wurtembergers at Mon- tereau, the Prussians at Mery : these Prussians made part of the army of Bliicher, who had detached a corps to hang on the rear of Napoleon. This campaign made a profound im- pression on the allies. Castlereagh expressed, in Alexander's presence, the opinion that peace should be made before they were driven across the Rhine. The military chiefs began to feel uneasy. Seslavin sent news from Joigny that Napoleon had one hundred and eighty thousand men at Troyes. A general insurrection of the eastern provinces was expected in the rear of the allies. It was the firmness of Alexander which maintained the Coalition, it was the military energy of Bliicher which saved it. Soon after his disasters he received reinforcements from the army of the North, and took the offensive against the marshals ; then, hearing of the arrival of Napoleon at La Ferte Gaucher, he retreated in great haste, finding an unex- pected refuge at Soissons, which had just been taken by the army of the North. At Craonne, on March seventh, and at Laon from the tenth to the twelfth of March, with one hun- dred thousand men against thirty thousand, and with strong positions, he managed to repulse all the attacks of Napoleon. At Craonne, however, which was one of the fiercest battles of the whole army, the Russian loss amounted to five thousand men, the third of their effective force ; Lanskoi and Ushakof were killed, and four other generals were wounded. The battle of Laon cost them four thousand men. Meanwhile De Saint Priest, a general in Alexander's service, had taken Rheims by assault on the thirteenth of March, but was dis- lodged by Napoleon after a fierce struggle, where the emigre commander was badly wounded, and four thousand of his men were killed. The Congress of Chatillon-sur-Seine was opened on the fifth of February. Russia was represented by Razumovski and 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 357 Nesselrode, Napoleon by Caulaincourt, Austria by Stadion and Metternich. The conditions proposed to Napoleon were the redaction of France to its frontiers of seventeen hundred and ninety-two, and the right of the allies to dispose of the reconquered countries without reference to him. Germany was to be a confederation of independent Provinces, Italy to be divided into free States, Spain to be restored to Ferdinand, and Holland to the house of Orange. " Leave France smaller than I found it ? Never ! " said Napoleon. Alexander and the Prussians would not hear of a peace which left Napoleon on the throne. Still, however, they negotiated. Austria and England were both agreed not to push him to extremities, and many times proposed to treat. After Napoleon's great suc- cess against Bliicher, Castlereagh declared for peace. " It would not be a peace," cried the Emperor of Russia ; " it would be a truce which would not allow us to disarm one moment. I cannot come four hundred leagues every day to your assistance. No peace, as long as Napoleon is on the throne." Napoleon, in his turn, intoxicated by his success, enjoined Caulaincourt only to treat on the basis of Frankfort, — natural frontiers. After Montereau he forbade him to treat at all without authority. At this time he addressed a letter to his father-in-law, the Emperor of Austria, trying ^o make him ashamed of his alliance with the "Tatars of the desert, wrho scarcely deserve the name of men," and tempting him by the offer of a separate and advantageous peace. He after- wards again permitted Caulaincourt to treat, but only on the basis of Frankfort. Caulaincourt likewise demanded that Eugene should be maintained in Italy, Elisa Borghese at Lucca, the sons of Louis Napoleon at Berg, and the King of Saxony at Warsaw. These conditions proved unacceptable ; and, as fortune returned to the allies, the congress was dis- solved on the nineteenth of March. The Bourbon princes Avere already in France ; Louis the Eighteenth was on the point of being proclaimed at Bordeaux. 35 S HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Alexander, tired of seeing the armies of Bohemia and Sile- sia fly in turn before thirty or forty thousand French, caused the allies to adopt the fatal plan of a march on Paris, which was executed in eight clays. Bliicher and Schwartzenberg united, with two hundred thousand men, were to bear down all opposition on their passage. The first act in the drama was on the twentieth, at the battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, where both armies suffered great loss in men, but neither could claim a decisive victory, though the Russians took six guns from Napoleon. The latter conceived a bold scheme, which perhaps might have saved him if Paris could have resisted, but which was his ruin. He threw himself on the rear of the allied army, abandoning to them the route to Paris, but reck- oning on raising Eastern France, and cutting off their retreat to the Rhine. The allies, uneasy for one moment, were re- assured by an intercepted letter of Napoleon to the Empress, and by the letters of the Parisian royalists, which revealed to them the weakness of the capital. " Dare all ! " writes Tal- leyrand to them. They, in their turn, deceived Napoleon by causing him to be followed by a troop of cavalry, about ten thousand in number, continued their march, defeated Mar- mont and Mortier, crushed the National Guards of Pacthod in the battle of La Fere-Champenoise, and arrived in sight of Paris. Barclay de Tolly, forming the centre, first attacked the plateau of Romainville, defended by Marmont ; on his left, the Prince of Wurtemberg threatened Vincennes; and on his right, Bliicher deployed before Montmartre, which was de- fended by Mortier. The heights of Chauinont and those of Montmartre, which were not defended by a single battery, were taken ; Marmont and Mortier with Moncey were thrown back on the ramparts. Marmont obtained an armistice from Colonel Orlof, to treat for the capitulation of Paris. King Joseph, the Empress Marie-Louise, and all the imperial gov- ernment, with an escort of three thousand of the best troops, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 359 had already fled to the Loire. Paris was recommended " to the generosity of the allied monarch " ; the army could retire on the road to Orleans. Such was the battle of Paris on the thirtieth of March, eighteen hundred and fourteen, which, according to M. Bogdanovitch, cost eighty-four hundred men to the allies, and four thousand to the French. In the morning of the thirty-first Alexander received the deputies of Paris. He promised that the allied armies should behave with the utmost propriety in Paris, that the security of the capital should be confided to the National Guards, and that the inhabitants should be asked for provisions only. He made his entry with great pomp between the King of Prussia and Schwartzenberg, the Emperor of Austria being absent at Lyons ; but the Parisians had eyes for him only, the one question being, "Which is the Emperor Alexander?" The allied troops maintained a strict discipline, and were not quar- tered on the inhabitants. Alexander had not come to play the part of a friend to the Bourbons ; Napoleon's fiercest enemy was least bitter against the French ; he intended to leave them the choice of their government. He had not favored any of the intrigues of the emigres, and he scornfully re- marked to Jomini, " What are the Bourbons to me ? " He re- proved by a witty speech the baseness of a Royalist : " We have waited for your Majesty a long while." "I should have come earlier if I had not been prevented by the bravery of your soldiers," said Alexander. He sent a detachment of the Semenovski to protect the column of the Grand Army against the attempts of the emigre Maubretiil. He repeated in the senate that he did not make war on France, that he was the friend of the French, and that he would protect the freedom of discussion, which tended to the establishment of liberal and lasting institutions, in accordance with the progress of the century. He yielded when Talleyrand assured him that " the republic was an impossibility, the regency and Berna- dotte an intrigue, the Bourbons alone a principle." On the 3C0 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. second of April the senate proclaimed the dethronement of Napoleon ; on the eleventh he wrote in almost illegible char- acters and signed the act of unconditional abdication at Fon- tainebleau. Alexander had promised Caulaincourt to defend the interests of his old ally of Tilsit ; he chiefly contributed to secure him the sovereignty of the Isle of Elba. Count Shuva- lof was ordered to accompany the fallen Emperor to this place of exile. " I confide to you," said Alexander, " a great mis- sion ; you will answer to me with your head for a single hair which falls from that of Napoleon." He confessed to Cau- laincourt that the imbecile conduct of the Royalists did not seem to him less dangerous for the peace of Europe than the unreasonable wars of the Empire. Every one knows what the French lost by the first Treaty of Paris, in which the boundary of France was reduced to that of the first of January, seventeen hundred and ninety-two. On the third of May, Louis the Eighteenth made his entry into the Louvre. He affected, even with Alexander, the lofty ceremonial of the ancient court ; gave him only a chair, while he seated himself on a throne ; preceded his guests, the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Russia, to the dining-hall, and, seated in the place of honor, caused himself to be helped be- fore them. Alexander paid no attention to these points. Like his ancestor, Peter the Great, he inspected with interest the monuments and great institutions of the capital. It was at Vienna that the destinies of Europe were to be regulated. At the Congress of Vienna Alexander was represented by Razumovski, Nesselrode, Capo d'Istria, and Stackelberg ; he had confided the discussion of Polish affairs to Tchartoruiski and Anslett. On one point he and his ally, the King of Prus- sia, were agreed ; the latter asked only to get rid of his Polish provinces, and Alexander desired to unite the whole of Poland under his own sceptre, and to fulfil the promise he had made to Tchartoruiski and to the gallant remnant of the legions of the Vistula. In exchange, Prussia demanded Saxony, whose JS0L-1S25.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 361 king was to receive an indemnity elsewhere. We cannot see what interest the Bourbon king could have secured by sacri- ficing Poland to the King of Saxony, and by opposing a com- bination which, by establishing this prince on the left bank of the Rhine, would have given France a neighbor infinitely less dangerous than Prussia. Talleyrand, however, used the in- fluence that he had acquired in the congress only to combat the views of Russia and Prussia, and to support the resistance of England and Austria. On the twenty-first of October Alexander took a decisive step : he ordered Prince Repnin, Governor of Saxony, to hand over that country to the Prus- sian government, and to announce its incorporation with the territories of Frederick William the Third. By his orders the Grand Duke Konstantin entered Poland, assembled an army of seventy thousand men, and summoned Poland to the de- fence of the national integrity. Then Talleyrand, with the consent of Castlereagh, concocted a scheme of alliance between France, Austria, and England. This convention was signed January third, eighteen hundred and fifteen, but remained secret. Discord reigned in the Congress of Vienna : Europe was on the eve of another general war. In one way or an- other France was bound to regain its place in Europe ; but it was a question whether its interests were to be found on the side of England and Austria, now that Razumovski had for- mally proposed to establish the King of Saxony in its Rhenish provinces. At last the storm rolled away ; Alexander declared that he would content himself with only a part of Poland, and Prussia that it would be satisfied with only a third of Saxony, with seven hundred thousand inhabitants. The other decisions of the Congress of Vienna — the organization of the Germanic Confederation, of Italy, and the kingdoms of the Low Coun- tries — belong to general history. Nevertheless, the forma- tion of Germany into a confederation in which the clients of Russia, the allies of the imperial house, enjoyed an indepen- 362 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. dent existence, and a considerable influence on the diet, was far more advantageous to Russian power and security than the state of things resulting from the war of eighteen hundred and seventy. Poland was again divided between Russia, Prussia, and Austria •. this was the fourth partition. The treaties of Vienna, however, provided that " the Poles, the subjects of Russia, Austria, and Prussia respectively, should be given a representation and national institutions ; whose political exist- ence was to be regulated in the way that the governments to which they each belonged should judge the most suitable." Krakof was pronounced free and independent. In all these treaties Russia gained only three millions of souls belonging to the kingdom of Poland, while Prussia obtained five million three hundred and sixty-two thousand in Western Poland, Saxony, Swedish Pomerania, Westphalia, and the Rhenish provinces, and Austria ten millions in Gallicia, Germany, and Italy. The power which had struck hardest for the " freedom of Europe " was the most poorly recompensed. The event which had suddenly smoothed the difficulties of the Saxo-Polish conflict, and hastened the signing of the trea- ties, was the news of the return of Napoleon to Paris. The bad government of the Bourbons had realized Alexander's unfavorable predictions. The sovereigns and plenipotentiaries at Vienna did not hesitate for a moment; Alexander was re- solved to pursue the common enemy to his fall, if he had to spend " his last man and his last ruble." Bonaparte's couriers, the bearers of pacific assurances, were arrested on the French frontier, and were prevented from reaching the sovereigns. In vain did Napoleon try to sow mistrust between the allies, and to win over Alexander by sending him a copy of the con- vention signed between Talleyrand, England, and Austria on the subject of the Saxo-Polish affair. As Albert Sorel says : " The only result of this movement was to irritate Alexander a little more against the Bourbons and Talleyrand. Napoleon did not profit by it, and Erance suffered." Out of the eight 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I: FOREIGN AEEAIRS. 363 hundred thousand men that the Coalition had prepared to inarch against France, the Russian contingent amounted to one hundred and sixty-seven thousand : Barclay de Tolly, field- marshal since the battle of Paris, was commander-in-chief; under him were Dokturof, Raievski, Sacken, Langeron, Saba- neef, Iermolof, Wintzingerode, and Pahlen. In spite of the news of the battle of Waterloo, on June sixteenth, eighteen hundred and fifteen, and the second abdication of Napoleon, the Russians still continued their invasion of France. When Alexander reached Paris, he found Bliicher already established there, treating it as a conquered city, exacting a tribute of a hundred millions, and preparing to blow up the bridge of Jena. Alexander was hailed as a deliverer by the inhabitants, who were terrified by the Prussian violence. He protested against the outrageous demands of the Germans, and found support in the wise policy of Wellington. Both felt that to restore the Bourbons to a greatly weakened France would be to render this unlucky dynasty still more powerless. They could not this time prevent the pillage of the museums, but the exactions of Russia and England were relatively the most moderate. There was a reason for this : these two sovereigns understood that in the regulation of European affairs, and especially of the affairs of the East, France would be an ally in the future, an obstacle to the exaggerated pretensions of either side, at once " a menace and a protection "; it was essen- tial to the equilibrium of Europe. On the other hand, Alex- ander did not care to obtain for Germany the " territorial guarantees" which it demanded. "Pie Avished," says Sybel, " to allow some danger to exist on this side, so that Germany, having need of Russia, might thus remain dependent." "A Russian diplomat," says Pertz, "avowed ingenuously that it was not the policy of Russia to give Germany secure frontiers against France." Capo dTstria said openly to Stein that it was Russia's interest to strengthen France, so that the other powers should not employ all their forces against Russia. If 364 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. Stein used all his influence with Alexander to cause the claims of the Russian patriots to prevail, other influences were at work to oppose him. First, there was the Due de Richelieu, who had been the governor of New Russia, the founder of Odessa, and whom Alexander desired to see replace the wily Talleyrand in the cabinet of Louis the Eighteenth. Then came Capo dTstria, Pozzo di Borgo, and his Greek advisers, who, seeing the Eastern question appearing on the horizon, wished to secure for the Hellenic interest an alliance with Russia against the narrow policy of Austria and England. Last came Madame de Kriidener, the widow of a Russian diplomat, in her youth distinguished for her beauty, who placed before Alexander her mystic and religious ideas of absolute justice, of greatness of soul, of forgiveness for offences, of uni- versal brotherhood, and who in her drawing-room, one of the most brilliant in Paris, surrounded the emperor with every one France could boast who was brilliant and seductive, — Chateaubriand, Benjamin Constant, Madame Recamier, and the Duchesses de Duras and d'Escar. It is an incontestable fact, that of all the allies Russia showed itself the least grasping. Here is the table of propositions made officially by each member of the Coalition : Russia, tem- porary occupation of France, and a war indemnity ; England, the same conditions, and the return of the frontiers to those of seventeen hundred and ninety; Austria, the same, together with the dismantling of the fortresses of Flanders, Lorraine, and Alsace ; Prussia, occupation, indemnity, return to the frontier of seventeen hundred and ninety, cession of the for- tresses of Flanders, Lorraine, and Alsace. The secondary states of Germany and the Low Countries demanded the cession of Flanders, Lorraine, Alsace, and Savoy. "Such," says M. Sorel, "were the official propositions; the oral demands were quite another thing." " Look here, my dear Duke," said Alex- ander to Richelieu in eighteen hundred and eighteen, " this is Prance as my allies wished to make it ; they wanted only 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 305 my signature, and that, I promise you, they shall want always." The map that he showed the Duke presented a line of frontier?, which would have deprived France of Flanders, Metz, Alsace, and the east of Franche-Comte, which was even more than was allowed by Carlovitz, who proposed to Stein that France should be divided into Lamme d'Oc and Laninie d'Oil, after being robbed of its Flemish and German speaking provinces, or by the demoniacs who clamored for Burgundy and the ancient kingdom of Aries. Richelieu had just succeeded Talleyrand as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He found himself in the presence of a col- lective ultimatum of the powers, demanding the cession of Savoy, Conde, Philippeville, Marienburg, Givet, Charlemont, Landau, Fort-Joux, Fort-1'Ecluse, the demolition of Hu- ningue, the payment of eight hundred million francs, and the occupation of the north and east for seven years. He dis- cussed this ultimatum point by point. " The Russians," writes Gagern, " without openly opposing them, are working secretly for the modification of the articles." Richelieu finally succeeded in saving Conde, Givet, Charlemont, the forts of Joux and l'Ecluse, and obtained the reduction of the indem- nity to seven hundred millions, of the occupation to five years, with the addition of this clause, that " at the end of three years the sovereigns reserved to themselves the power to cut short the term of occupation, if the state of France permitted it," This was the treaty of November twentieth, eighteen hundred and fifteen. Alexander left Paris. In the army of occupation Champagne and Lorraine were intrusted to Rus- sia ; Vorontsof commanded twenty-seven thousand men and eighty-four guns ; Alopeus had charge of the political affairs, and both lived at Nancy. Nikolai Turgenief, a member of the official staff, has given us some curious details about the Russians in Lorraine. 3G6 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. KINGDOM OF POLAND: CONGRESSES AT AIX-LA-CHA- PELLE, CARLSBAD, LAYBACH, AND VERONA. With regard to Poland, Alexander accomplished more loyally and more completely than the two other co-partition- ers the somewhat vague obligations imposed on them by the Treaty of Vienna. After the farewells of Fontainebleau, Dom- brovski, commander-in-chief of the legions of the Vistula, placed his troops at the disposal of the Emperor Alexander, from whom the Poles hoped for the restoration of their coun- try. The Tsar assigned Poznania as their place of assembly, and gave them his brother Konstantin as head. On the eleventh of December, eighteen hundred and fourteen, the Grand Duke addressed them a proclamation in French : " Gather around your banners ; arm yourselves to defend your country and to maintain your political existence. While this august monarch is preparing the happy future of your country, show yourselves ready to second his noble efforts, even at the price of your blood. The same chiefs who for twenty years have led you on the path of glory will know how to bring you back to it. The Emperor appreciates your courage. In the midst of the disasters of a fatal war he has watched your honor survive events for which you were not responsible. Great feats of arms have distinguished you in a struggle whose cause was often not your own. Now that your efforts are consecrated to your country, you will be invinci- ble Thus you will reach that happy position which others may promise, but the Emperor alone can secure to you." This proclamation, by which Russia adopted all the glories of the ancient army of Warsaw, was the most magnifi- cent of amnesties. In a letter of Alexander to Oginski, Presi- dent of the Polish Senate, dated the thirtieth of April, eighteen hundred and fifteen, he takes the title of King of Poland, and speaks of the efforts he had made to "soften the rigors of separation, and even to obtain for the Poles all possi- ble enjoynienl of their national institutions." 1801-1825,] ALEXANDER 1. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 367 On the twenty-first of June, eighteen hundred and fifteen, the cannon at Warsaw announced the restoration of Poland. As a delicate attention to Polish loyalty, the act of abdication of the King of Saxony was published, as well as the manifesto of the new King of Poland. The army, assembled in the plain of Vola, took the oath of allegiance. The warlike blazon of the kingdom was wedded to the arms of Russia. The new constitution was almost the reproduction of that of the Napo- leonic grand duchy. It contained a senate and a chamber of deputies ; the senate was composed of bishops, voievodui, cas- tellans, nominated as life members by the king; the chamber, of seventy-seven noble deputies and fifty-one deputies from the towns. The necessary qualification was property taxed at fifteen rubles for the deputies, and at three hundred for a senator ; the former must have reached the age of thirty, the latter that of thirty-five. The electors of the deputies were proprietors above the age of twenty-one, priests, professors, learned men, and artists. The diet was to meet every two years, and to sit thirty days. Laws had to be passed by both chambers, and sanctioned by the king. The constitu- tion declared the liberty of the press, with the exception of one law which restrained its abuses. Amongst the respon- sible ministers, we find some men of the former regime. Sobolevski was Minister of Finance, Ma'tuszevitch of the In- terior, Stanislas Pototski of Education, Vavrzhevski of Justice, Vielehorski of War, The namiestnik, or viceroy, was Zai'on- tchek, a veteran of the Napoleonic wars. Konstantin, the Em- peror's brother, was commander-in-chief of the Polish army ; Novosiltsof, imperial commissioner. They had thus taken the places of Poniatovski, leader of the Poles, and of Bignon, the envoy of Napoleon. The ministers formed the council of gov- ernment, and, united to the principal dignitaries, they formed the general council of the kingdom. Tchartoruiski could not console himself for not having been chosen namiestnik. Alexander's mystic notions soon, however, began to obscure 368 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIII. his liberal ideas. At the time of the burning of Moscow he had turned for comfort to the companion of his youth, Prince Alexander Galitsuin, who was inclined to mysticism, and directed him to the Bible as the onlv source of strength, com- fort, and peace. Henceforth the religious notions of the Em- peror were changed, and a sort of Protestant mysticism began to claim his attention. Madame de Krudener, who had written a novel somewhat in the style of " Werther," having outlived her beauty, was now devoted to religion, and felt that she was a prophetess. The Empress Elisabeth, Alexander's wife, spent the summer of eighteen hundred and fourteen with her brother, the Duke of Baden. There Madame de Krudener became the firm friend of one of the court ladies, the Princess Roxandra Sturdza. In the letters which she afterwards wrote her new friend, she says : " You wish you could only express to me the many profoundly beautiful characteristics of the Emperor's soul. I think that I already know a great deal about him. I have been sure for a long time that the Lord will give me the joy of seeing him. I have immeasurable things to communicate to him, for I have suffered much on account of him ; the Lord alone can prepare his heart to re- ceive them." And again, " Although the Prince of darkness do his utmost to prevent it and to keep at a distance from him those who can speak to him of things divine, yet the Eternal will be victorious." These letters were shown to the Emperor, and interested him deeply. Madame de Krudener followed the Emperor to Paris, and we saw with what associates she surrounded him. Franz Bader, however, was the originator of the idea of the Holy Alliance. He was a man of unusual power and of very peculiar views. Philosophy in his eyes was better understood by the mystics of the Middle Ages than by such skeptics as Kant, upon whom he looked with un- measured contempt. In eighteen hundred and fourteen he addressed from Munich a letter to the Emperors of Russia and Austria and the King of Prussia, suggesting the idea of a 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 369 Christian Alliance founded on universal brotherhood and love. Many things conspired to make Bader's plan bear fruit in Alexander's heart. In Paris Madame de Kriidener kept urging him to perform mighty Christian deeds, and it was under the influence of this adventuress, and a magnetizing quack by the name of Bergasse, that the Emperor wrote the first draught of the Holy Alliance, by which the sovereigns were to agree to consider all men as brothers, and to remain in a bond of perpetual fraternity, giving each other comfort and assistance, and looking upon their armies and subjects as children, at the same time protecting religion, peace, and righteousness. They then agreed to become the members of one and the same nation in Christ, ruling in accordance with the power intrusted them by God in his three essences, and finally allowing all other powers to join the Alliance on the condition of recognizing these axioms. Inoffensive though it was, it made a great noise in Europe, and is a singular monu- ment and a curious proof of his temper at this period. With- out doubt he meant it to be a mystic bond, and hence would allow none but the sovereigns to sign their names ; but Erancis declared that Metternich must become a party to it, and Alexander finally consented. The King of Prussia signed it willingly, but, as Madame de Kriidener afterwards bitterly complained, without laying weight to it, the Emperor of Aus- tria without knowing whv, Louis the Eighteenth surelv with a smile ; Castlereagh refused his signature " to a simple declaration of biblical principles, which would have carried England back to the epoch of the Saints, of Cromwell, and the Roundheads." Later, all the princes of Europe were invited to sign, except the Sultan and the Pope, against whom the Emperor had acquired a deeply rooted prejudice. Never- theless, Russia had then in Europe a preponderating influence, out of proportion to its real strength and the number of its army. But it was Alexander who had given the signal for the struggle against Napoleon, and had shown the most per- vol. ii. 24 • 370 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XI IL severance in pursuit of the common end. Alone, he could never have crushed the man of destiny, the black angel, as Madame de Kriidener called him, but without his example the States of Europe would never have dreamed of arming against him. His skilful leniency towards France finished the work begun by the war. Alexander was incontestable the head of the European areopagus. Nicholas had to commit many faults before Russia lost this place, which prestige and public opinion had given it. Alexander's influence showed itself in the congresses in which the European States tried to arrange together the affairs of the Continent. The first in date after the Congress of Vienna is that of Aix-la-Chapelle in eighteen hundred and eighteen, which regulated the relations of Europe with France ; this country appeared sufficiently quiet for the occupation to cease. This was not the fault of the Court of Artois and of the " pavilion de Marsan " ; but their famous secret note made Alexander only indignant. In a visit which he paid to Louis the Eighteenth, he said, " If any of my subjects had committed a similar crime, I should have put him to 'death." But Richelieu gained his object, the entrance of France once more into the European assembly. The second congress was that of Carlsbad in eighteen hun- dred and nineteen, where the tone of mind prevalent in Ger- many was discussed. The disloyalty of the German princes, who had forgotten the promises of liberty made in eighteen hundred and thirteen ; that of Frederick William the Third, who had caused himself to be absolved from his engagements by the Prussian bishop Eylert; and the reactionary influence of Metternich on the Diel of Ratisbon, had provoked a general stir in German public opinion. The young men and univer- sity professors, the liberal writers, and the former members of the Tugenbund demanded the promised constitutions. The ecstatic demonstrations of tin' German students, and the mur- der of Kotzebue by Maurice Sand, shook all the cabinets. 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 371 From this moment Alexander's character seems to change : the liberator of Europe, the champion of liberal ideas, submits in his turn to the influence of Metternich ; he subscribes to measures which have for their aim to deprive Germany of the liberties which he himself had promised in eighteen hundred and thirteen. The press is subjected to a rigorous censure ; the universities are closely watched and the liberal professors expelled ; and the patriots of the war of independence, and Alexander's companions in arms, are obliged to seek refuge in the France they had despoiled. Soon the stir in men's minds spread through Europe. Spain rose and imposed a constitution on its king ; this con- stitution became an object of envy to the neighboring peoples ; then broke out the revolutions of Portugal, Naples, and Pied- mont. As champion of divine right Alexander now defended the contemptible petty kings of the South, Ferdinand the Seventh of Spain and Ferdinand the Fourth of Naples, who had perjured themselves to their people. He who had wished to give Poland a constitution, and to guarantee that of France, opposed to the utmost the constitutional measures of Spain and Italy. By an aberration similar to that which Paul the First had experienced, he thought himself obliged to interfere, in these remote regions, about questions foreign to the inter- ests of Russia. He convoked a congress at Troppau in eigh- teen hundred and twenty, then transferred it to Laybach, so that the King of Naples might more easily be present at it, be absolved from his constitutional oath, and provoke vengeance against his too credulous subjects. Alexander was on the point of sending an army to Naples under the command of Iermolof, the hero of Borodino and of Kulra ; but Austria, always uneasy at Russian interference in Italy, hastily de- spatched Frimont, who put an end to the Neapolitan and Piedmontese constitutions. The Russian flag thus escaped the doubtful honor of protecting, as in seventeen hundred and ninety-nine, the bloody Neapolitan reaction, and of sanction- 372 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIIT. ing the vengeance of Austria against Pellico, Pallavicini, and Maroncelli. Iermolof rejoiced at it. " There is no example," he writes, " of a general appointed to command an expedition being so delighted as I am that there is no war. It is by no means advantageous to one's reputation to appear in Italy after Suvorof and Bonaparte, who will be the admiration of future centuries." In eighteen hundred and twenty-two the Congress of Verona took place. Russia sent, like the other powers, a threatening note to the constitutional cabinet of Madrid. The latter returned a proud answer ; it was the French army which was intrusted to carry out the wishes of Europe be- yond the Pyrenees. Still grayer events were at hand in the East. The Balkan peninsula, almost entirely peopled by the co-religionists of the Russians, began to be in thorough commotion. The Ottoman yoke bore heavily on all. The Valakhians and Moldavians complained of the violations of the Treaty of Bukarest. The Serbians, whose independence Alexander had guaranteed, and who had been crushed by the Porte while the eyes of Europe were turned another way, had taken up arms under Milosh Obrenovitch. A young Greek by the name of Rigas con- ceived the idea of freeing his native land, and founded the hetaireia ; this secret brotherhood was spreading in all the provinces, in all the isles of Greece ; it counted already one martyr, its founder, Rigas, who was arrested at Trieste, deliv- ered up by the Austrians, and executed by the Turks. What was Alexander to do in the presence of this awakening uni- verse ? Would he burn witli something of that crusading ardor which hurried Peter the Great to the banks of the Pruth ? Would he act here "according to the principles and after the heart of Catherine," as he said in his manifesto at his accession ? Would Serbia find in him the liberator of eighteen hundred and thirteen, or the president of the Con- gress of Carlsbad, the man believing in legitimacy at all costs, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 373 the champion of absolute monarchical rights, the theorist of the passive obedience of subjects ? This seemed so impossi- ble to the nations, that the Greeks refused to believe Capo d'Istria when he asserted that they would not be supported. Ypsilanti could not imagine that the Emperor would seriously disavow him ; he crossed the Pruth, raised the Rumanian populations, and succumbed at Ruimnik, which had witnessed the triumph of Suvorof. Alexander might multiply his dis- avowals, but the Peloponnesos rose under Kolokotroni, and the Mainotes under Mavromichalis. The war of extermina- tion had already begun by the Mussulman riot at Constanti- nople. At the feast of Easter, eighteen hundred and twenty-one, the Greek population were assaulted, and, as if the better to insult the orthodox religion, the Patriarch was seized at the altar, and hung at the doors of the church in his sacerdotal robes. The Grand Vizier amused himself for an hour by seeing his corpse ill-treated by the Turkish populace, and dragged through the mud by the Jews. Three metropolitans, eight bishops, thirty thousand Greeks, men, women, and chil- dren, were slain. Russia trembled with indignation. Dibitch drew up an admirable plan of campaign, which still deserves to be studied, and which he executed in the following reign. Alexander exchanged diplomatic notes with the Porte, and allowed himself to be lulled to sleep by England and Austria, which did not desire intervention. The massacres continued. Alexander occupied himself about them at Verona, at the same time as the affairs of Spain. The Russian people were as- tounded, and attributed to the wrath of God, angry at the impunity accorded to the assassins of the Greek patriarch, first the terrible inundation of Saint Petersburg, and soon the premature and mysterious death of Alexander. CHAPTER XIV. ALEXANDER THE FIRST: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 1801-1825. Early Years : the Triumvirate; Liberal Measures ; the Ministers; Public Instruction. — Speranski: Council of the Empire j pro- jected Civil Code; Ideas of Social Reform. — Araktcii£ef: Polit- ical and University Reaction; Military Colonies. — Secret Societies : Poland. — Literary and Scientific Movement. EARLY YEARS: THE TRIUMVIRATE; LIBERAL MEAS- URES; THE MINISTERS; PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. IN the home affairs of the empire, the early years of Alex- ander's reign, succeeding to the hard rule of Paul the First, had been a period of emancipation, of generous ideas, and liberal reforms. The Emperor had announced in his manifesto on his accession that he would govern " according to the principles and after the heart of Catherine the Second." AVhen he managed to free himself from the guardianship of the conspirators of the twenty-fourth of March, eighteen hun- dred and one, he surrounded himself either with his grand- mother's ministers, or with new men, young like himself, who shared his great hopes and his schemes of regeneration. Like him, they brought to the regulation of affairs much inexperi- ence, but immense good-will. Those who at that time most influenced Alexander were Prince Adam Tchartoruiski, Novo- siltsof, Strogonof, and Kotchubey. The first three were closely united, and were known by the name of the triumvirate. They knew Western Europe better than Russia; the English constitution was their ideal ; Tchartoruiski, a- great Polish 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 375 lord, whose family had given kings to Poland, cherished a dream of the reorganization of his native country, under the sceptre of the Emperor of Russia. He profited by his situa- tion as guardian of the academic department of Vilna, to favor the teaching of the Polish language in White Russia. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, or intimate adviser of Alexander, he never lost sight of the interests of his nation, at whose head he hoped one day to place himself, in the capacity of viceroy or namiestnik of the Emperor. The tyrannical measures of the preceding reign were re- versed ; the Russians were again permitted to travel abroad freely, and foreigners were allowed to penetrate into Russia. European books and papers entered the country freely, the censorship was mitigated, and new instructions ordered the doubtful passages of a book to be interpreted in the sense most favorable to the innocence of the author. The " secret expedition," another form of the secret court of police, or of the State inquisition, was abolished, and its functions handed over to the senate. Priests and deacons, gentlemen and citi- zens belonging to the guilds, were declared exempt from cor- poral punishments. Grander designs were brought forward in the council of the young sovereign. As an introduction to the code of the empire, a sort of constitutional scheme was discussed, in which the privileges of the supreme power were defined, its obliga- tions spoken of, and where the rights of subjects, and of the four orders of the State, were in question. A sort of civil list was established, under the name of " his Majesty's cabinet." The emancipation of the serfs, as in the brightest period of the reign of Catherine the Second, was the topic of the day. The situation of the Crown peasants, who were much more free and happy than those belonging to individuals, was assured' by the resolution taken by the Emperor to make no more donations of " souls." They even went so far as to devote a million of rubles yearly to the acquisition of land 376 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. with serfs for the Crown. While waiting for a more general measure, Alexander put forth the edict of February, eighteen hundred and three, which legalized contracts of freedom volun- tarily entered into between the owners and their slaves ; the individuals or the communes who thus acquired liberty while they kept their land, formed in Russia a new class, the " free cultivators," who, with the ancient freeholders, became the nucleus of a rural third estate. The German nobility of Estho- nia in eighteen hundred and sixteen, that of Kurland in eighteen hundred and seventeen, and that of Livonia in eigh- teen hundred and nineteen, resolved to anticipate the needs of the new century, so as not to be obliged to submit to them entirely ; they took the initiative in the emancipation of Lett or Tchud serfs, in order that they might consult their own interests in the operation. " All the serfs of these provinces," says M. Bogdanovitch, " were gradually to pass in an interval of fourteen years to the condition of free persons. It was forbidden to sell them with or without land, individually or by families, to give them away, to hire them out, or to make them slaves by any means whatever. Their right to acquire land, houses, and other property was recognized. In civil cases they were in the first two instances amenable to judges elected by themselves and partly drawn from among them. Thus they had now only civil relations with their former masters; but as the latter had distributed no lands among them, the serfs were kept in a burdensome state of dependence upon them." Formerly they were slaves body and soul, but possessed lands; now they were free, but forced for their livelihood to continue to cultivate for others, as farmers or day-laborers, the soil which had belonged to their warlike ancestors. The prohibitions of the former reigns against the sale of slaves at auctions, and the separation of the members of one family, were renewed. The abuse, however, still continued, and Nikolai Turgcnief assures us that there was a public ISO! -1825.] ALEXANDER I. : INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 377 slave - market almost under the windows of the imperial palace. Alexander also gave evidence of his good intentions towards the raskolniki. " Reason and experience," says the edict, " have for a long while proved that the spiritual errors of the people, which official sermons cause to take only deeper root, cannot be cured and dispelled except by forgiveness, good examples, and tolerance. Does it become a government to employ violence and cruelty to bring back these wandering sheep to the fold of the Church ? " These inoffensive sects were projected rather than persecuted ; Alexander visited their settlements more than once in the course of his travels. A sect of dancing raskolniki were allowed to celebrate their rites in the Mikhail Palace, and Prince Galitsuin, Minister of Public Worship, was seen honoring with his presence the absurdities of the priestess Tatarinof, and the sacred dances of her adherents. In political institutions two great innovations took place in eighteen hundred and two. The collegiate organization of the branches of the administration was set aside; the colleges of Peter the Great, which had succeeded the prikazui of the ancient Tsars, were now replaced by ministers, after the Euro- pean custom. Here is a list of the first ministry of Alexander the First : War, General Viasmiatinof ; Marine, Admiral Mordvinof, a bold patriot and distinguished administrator; Foreign Affairs, the Chancellor Alexander Vorontsof, nephew of Elisabeth's great Chancellor ; Home Office, Count Kotchu- bey ; Justice, Derzhavin, the poet ; Finance, Count Vasilief ; Commerce, Count Rumiantsof, celebrated for his patronage of arts and sciences ; Public Education, Count Zavadovski. The number and functions of the ministers were more than once modified. Ministers of domains, of the Crown, of general control, of roads and bridges, and of the Emperor's household, were afterwards created. The second innovation bore upon another great institution 378 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV of Peter the First, the senate, whose importance had been lessened by the formation of an imperial council, presided over by the Emperor or by an appointed minister. Ministers and the general council lacked, however, one essential thing, — re- sponsibility. Autocracy abdicated none of its rights. On one occasion one of the councillors of Alexander put this question •. "Sire, if a minister refused to sign an edict of your .Majesty, would the edict be binding without this formality ? " " Cer- tainly," replied Alexander; "an edict must be executed under all circumstances." Alexander and his young fellow-laborers undertook a vast reorganization of public education. The empire was divided into six scholastic circles. That of Saint Petersburg included eight governments ; that of Moscow, eleven ; that of Dorpat, the three German provinces ; that of Kharkof, sixteen, with the Caucasus and Bessarabia; that of Kazan, twelve, includ- ing Siberia; that of Vilna, six in White Russia. At the head of each circle was placed a popetchitel, or guardian, ordinarily a considerable personage, like Novosiltsof, Pototski, or Adam Tchartoruiski, charged with the protection of the schools and their general direction. For the instruction of the clergy, ecclesiastical schools were founded, whose revenues were obtained from the exclusive sale of tapers in the churches. Above these schools were semi- naries ; next the ecclesiastical academies of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, and Kief. The laity were to be instructed in parish and district schools, and gymnasia ; to furnish masters, the pedagogic institutes of Moscow and Saint Petersburg were established. The universities of Moscow, Vilna, and Dorpat were reorganized ; those of Kazan and Kharkof, and, later, that of Saint Petersburg, were founded. There was a plan of estab- lishing two at Tobolsk and listing. Fifteen government schools, or corps of cadets, were also founded, where the young nobles could receive a military education. The Alexander Lyceum at Tsarskoe-Selo, afterwards transferred to Kamennui-Ostrof, 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 379 was built for the same purpose. From this epoch also dates the lyceum of commerce, or Gymnasium Richelieu, at Odessa, and the Lazaref Institute, or school for Oriental languages. SPERANSKI: COUNCIL OF THE EMPIRE; SCHEME OF THE CIVIL CODE; IDEAS OF SOCIAL REFORM. From eighteen hundred and six to eighteen. hundred and twelve the preponderating influence over Alexander was that of Speranski. The son of a village priest, educated at a semi- nary, then mathematical and philosophical professor at the school of Alexander Nevski, preceptor to the children of Alexis Kurakin, by whose means he quitted the ecclesiastical career for the civil service, he became secretary to Troshtchinski, who was at that time chancellor of the imperial council. Later, when director of the department of the Interior under Prince Kotchubey, Speranski succeeded to the post of Secretary of State, and began to enjoy the absolute confidence of the Em- peror. The favorites of the preceding period were all imbued with English ideas; Speranski, on the contrary, loved France, had imbibed the principles of the Revolution, and entertained a deep admiration for Napoleon. These French sympathies, then shared by Alexander the First, formed a fresh bond between the prince and the minister, — a bond which was severed by the rupture between the Emperor and Napoleon. " Besides," says M. Bogdanovitch, " we know the inclinations of Alexan- der for representative forms and constitutional governments, which could not fail to seduce the former disciple of Laharpe ; but this taste resembled that of a dilettante who goes into ecstasies over a beautiful picture. Alexander had promptly convinced himself that neither the vast extent of Russia, nor the constitution of civil society, allowed this dream to be realized. He therefore deferred the execution of his Utopia from day to day, but delighted to hold conversations with his friends about his projected constitution and the disadvantages of absolutism. Speranski, to please the Emperor, showed 380 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. himself the ardent defender of the principles of liberty, and thereby was exposed to accusations of entertaining anarchical ideas, and scheming against the institutions consecrated by time and manners." Hard-working, well-educated, both patriotic and humane, he would have been the man to realize all that was practicable in Alexander's Utopian schemes. Speranski. presented a systematic plan of reforms to his sovereign. The Council of the Empire received still more extensive privileges. Composed of the chief dignitaries of the State, it became in some measure the legislative power ; it had to examine all the new laws, the extraordinary measures, the relations of the ministers. It was a kind of sketch of a representative government. The Council of the Empire was divided into four departments: war, law, political economy, civil and ecclesiastical affairs. Alexander solemnly opened this parliament of officials on the thirteenth of January, eighteen hundred and ten. Speranski was nominated sec- retary of the Council of the Empire. All affairs passed through his hands : he became in a manner the Prime Minister. To his mind, the Council of the Empire being at the head of the legislation, and the ministers at the head of the administration, the Senate ought to occupy the same rank in the judicial order. As the legislative power had been re- organized by the reform of the council, and the administrative power by the reform of the ministry, so the judicial power, in its turn, ought to undergo a complete change. The tribunals, in his opinion, ought to be composed of judges partly nomi- nated by the monarch, partly elected by the nobles. It was plain that Speranski had studied the laws of the French assemblies, the system of Sieves and the Constitution of the year eight. The judicial was to be followed by a financial reform. Already, by the edict of the fourteenth of February, eighteen hundred and ten, the assignats were recognized as put of the national debt, and were to be guaranteed by the imposition of new taxes; the emission of paper money was to 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 381 be restrained ; the budget was to be published, and a fund for the redemption of the bonds to be created. Speranski, in short, had in his mind something like the French Grand Livre of the public debt and the budget of the Western States. As a minor task he had undertaken to codify the laws. To him the Code Napoleon — that legacy of the French Revolution, which had at that time been adopted by Holland, Italy, the Bund, and the grand duchy of Warsaw — seemed the very model of all progressive legislation. After the interview at Erfurt, where Napoleon showed him particular attention, Speranski had been exchanging letters with the French legal writers, — Locre, Legras, Dupont de Nemours, and had made them correspondents of the legislative commission of the Council of the Empire. The Code Napoleon could suit only a homogeneous nation, free from personal and feudal servitude, where every one enjoyed a certain equality before the law. Thus Speranski looked on the emancipation of the serfs ho the corner-stone of his t building ; he dreamed of forming a middle class, of limiting the numbers of the privileged classes, and of forming an aristocracy of great families like the Eng- lish peerage. As early as eighteen hundred and nine he had decided that persons holding university degrees should enjoy certain advantages over others, when aspiring to the degrees of the Tchin. Thus a doctor would be on a level with the eighth rank, a master of arts with the ninth, a man of master's standing who had not taken his degree with the tenth, a bachelor of arts with the twelfth. Speranski, like Turgot, the minister of Louis the Eighteenth, and like Stein, the Prussian reformer, set every one in arms against him. The nobles of the court and of the antechamber, — the "sweepers of the parquets," as Alexander called them, — • and the young officials who wished to owe their promotion solely to favor, were exasperated by the edict of eighteen hun- dred and nine. The proprietors were alarmed at Speranski's schemes for the emancipation of the serfs ; the senators were 382 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. irritated by his plan of reorganization, which reduced the first order of the empire to the position of a supreme court of justice ; the high aristocracy were indignant at the boldness of a man of low extraction, the son of a village priest. The people themselves murmured at the increase of the taxes. All these injured interests leagued themselves against him. The minister was accused of despising the institutions of Muscovy, of daring to present to the Russians the Code Napoleon as a model, the country being at that time on the eve of a war with France. The ministers Balashef, Armfelt, Gurief, Count Rostoptchin, and the Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna, the Emperor's sister, influenced Alexander against him. The his- torian Karamsm addressed to his sovereign his enthusiastic essay on New and Ancient Russia, in which he made himself the champion of serfage, of the old laws, and of autocracy. They went the length of denouncing Speranski as a traitor and accomplice of France. In March, eighteen hundred and twelve, he suddenly vanished from the capital and went as governor to Nijni-Novgorod, but was shortly afterwards de- prived of his post, and subjected to a close surveillance. In eighteen hundred and nineteen, when passions had calmed down, he was nominated governor of Siberia, where he was able to render important services. In eighteen hundred and twenty-one he returned to Saint Petersburg, but without re- covering his former position. ARAKTCHEEF: POLITICAL AND UNIVERSITY REAC- TION; MILITARY COLONIES. Another period, another season, had begun. The enemies of Speranski- Armfelt, Shishkof, and Rostoptchin — were in places of the highest trust ; but the favorite above all was Arakteheel', the rough " corporal of Gatchina," the instrument of Paul's tyranny, the born enemy of all new ideas and all thoughts of reform, the apostle of absolute power and passive ^Wedienee. lie first gained the confidence of Alexander by 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 3S3 his devotion to the memory of Paul ; next by his punctuality, his prompt obedience, his disinterestedness and habits ot work, and by the naive admiration which he showed for the " genius of the Emperor." He was the safest of servants, the most imperious of superiors, and the instrument best fitted for a reaction. His influence was not at first exclusive. After having conquered Napoleon, Alexander liked to think himself the liberator of nations. He had freed Germany ; he spared France, and obtained for it a charter ; he granted a constitu- tion to Poland, and meant to extend its benefit to Russia. If the censorship of the press had become more severe, and for- bade the Viestnik Slovesnosti, the Courier of Belle Letters, to criticise " his Majesty's servants," Alexander had not yet re- nounced all his Utopias. To the French influence succeeded the Protestant and English influence. The French theatres were shut, and Bible Societies opened. The British and Foreign Bible Society established itself in the capital, received subscriptions amounting to three hundred thousand rubles, and published five hundred thousand volumes in fifty different languages. The Russian Bible Society, with its offshoot, the Cossack Bible Society at Tcherkask, published hundreds of thousands of copies of the holy books. It was at this time that the influence of Madame de Kriidener, and a revival of the terrible memories of March, eighteen hundred and one, made Alexander a dreamy mystic. He received a deputation of Quakers, prayed and wept with them, and kissed the hand of old Allen. Notwithstanding, the first epoch of the ministry of Araktcheef was an epoch of sterility. If at present there were no reaction, everything had at least come to a standstill. The war of eighteen hundred and twelve had interrupted the reforms which had been begun, and they were not resumed. There was an end of the Code of Speranski, and the efforts to compile another more suitable to the Russian traditions came to nothing. The character of Alexander soon sadly changed. He grew 3S4 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. gloomy and suspicious. His last illusions had flown, Lis last liberal ideas were dissipated. After the congresses of Aix-la- Chapelle and Troppau, he was no longer the same man. It was at Troppau that Metternich announced' to him, with calculated exaggeration, the mutiny of the Semenovski, his favorite regiment of guards. From that time he considered himself the dupe of his generous ideas, and the victim of uni- versal ingratitude. He had wished to liberate Germany, and German opinion turned against him : his pensioner, Kotzebue, had been assassinated by Maurice Sand. He had sought the sympathy of vanquished France, and at Aix-la-Chapelle a French plot was discovered against him. He had longed to restore Poland, and Poland desired only to be completely free, while Russia demanded an explanation from Alexander of the new clanger he had created on his frontier, by the reconstruc- tion of the Lekhite kingdom. It was at this moment that the Holy Alliance of the sovereigns became an alliance against popular liberty ; at Carlsbad, at Laybach, and at Verona, Alex- ander was already the leader of the European reaction. In the East he disavowed Ypsilanti ; in Russia he owned the influence of Araktcheef and the Obscurants. The Araktcheev- tchina had begun. Remonstrated with by Archbishop Serafim, Alexander broke with the Bible Societies, and forced his old friend, Prince Galitsuin, the liberal and tolerant Minister of Public Instruc- tion, to resign. Galitsuin was replaced by Shishkof. The censorship became daily more strict. The Jesuits, who had been expelled from St. Petersburg, were banished from the whole empire, as a punishment for their proselytism ; and they really were unnecessary in Russia, for the orthodox guardians of the Russian universities could rival them in the art of stifling independent thought. The popetchitel of Kazan University was Magnitski, who proposed to organize the teach- ing in accordance with the "act of the Holy Alliance." He dismissed eleven of the professors ; struck out of the list of 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 385 honorary members Abbe Gregoire, a Frenchman and " a regi- cide," and excluded all suspicious books from the library, notably the work of Grotius on International Law. He for- bade the geological theories of BufFon and the systems of Copernicus and Newton to be taught, as contrary to the text of Scripture. The professor of history was obliged to become inspired with the ideas of Bossuet as expressed in his " His- toire Universellc." The science of medicine ought to be a Christian science ; hence dissection was almost entirely for- bidden, as incompatible with the respect due to the dead. The professor of political economy was enjoined to insist principally on the virtues that turned material goods into spiritual pos sessions, " thus uniting the lower and contingent economy with the true and superior economy, and by this means form- ing the real science, in a politico-moral sense." Nikolski, professor of geometry, already demonstrated in the triangle the symbol of the Trinity ; and in unity, that is to say, the number one, the divine Unity. At Kharkof, the Profes- sors Schad and Ossipovski, and at Saint Petersburg the pro- fessors of philosophy, history, and statistics were expelled from the universities. Galitch, Hermann, Arsenius, and Raupach were summoned by the popetchitel Runitch before a univer- sity commission. The first was accused of impiety, because he had taught the philosophy of Schelling ; the others of Mara- tism and of Robespierrism, for having expounded the theories of Schloetzer, the protege of Catherine the Second, or criticised agricultural serfage, and the extent to which the issue of paper money had been carried. It was forbidden in future to employ professors who had studied in the West, and it was forbidden to send thither Russian students. The most salient feature of Araktcheef 's administration, of which the initiative proceeded from the gentle Alexander, was the creation of military colonies, — a system borrowed from Austria, which consisted of the settlement of soldiers among the peasants, in a certain number of districts. If these sol- vol. ii. 25 3S6 HISTOKY 0"F- KUSSFA. [Chap. XIV. diers were married, their wives also were brought to the village ; if they were not, they were married to the daughters of the peasants. A village was therefore composed, in the first place, of the military settlers, the soldiers, and, secondly, of colonized peasants, the natives. The soldiers assisted the peasant in his field-work ; the children of both were destined for military service. The colonized districts were removed from the jurisdiction of the civil authorities, and subjected to military administration and government. At the end of ten years, according to Schnitzler, the total in these military dis- tricts in the governments of Novgorod, Kharkof, Mohilef, Ekaterinoslaf, and Kherson amounted to sixty thousand men and thirty thousand horse, in the midst of a population of four hundred thousand male peasants. This system appeared to have certain advantages, which gained over Speranski himself. It was argued that it secured regular recruits, lightened the burden on the rest of the population, raised the morals of the soldier by keeping him with his family, guaranteed him an asylum in his old age, restored to agriculture the labor of which the army had formerly deprived it, diminished for the government the expenses of the army and for the peo- ple the cost of lodging the troops and paying requisitions, and finally created a military nation on the frontier of the empire. And although the colonization was a heavy weight upon the natives, they were compensated by various advantages. The government augmented their lots of land, secured them per- sonal liberty like that of the Crown peasants, repaired their houses, and dowered their daughters. The country people did not understand it thus. Subjected at their hearths to an interference more annoying than that of their former masters and their stewards, forced into a twofold servitude as laborers and ;is soldiers, their habits and tradi- tions all invaded, they cursed Arakteheef's ingenious idea, which offieial circle's extolled. Revolts broke out, and Arak- tcheef, blaming the gross ignorance and ingratitude of the muzhik, repressed them with implacable severity. 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 3S7 SECRET SOCIETIES: POLAND. Other elements of trouble fermented in Russia. We are no longer in the time of Catherine the Second, when the gravest social questions could be discussed with impunity, before an inattentive or indifferent nation. The noble efforts of Alex- ander's early years now found a decided support in public opinion. Unfortunately the sovereign and his people were at variance. While a party among the nation had become enthu- siastic for liberal ideas, Alexander had grown cold about them : formerly his courageous initiative was hardly appreciated ; at present it was the backsliding spirit of the government which irritated the country. A transformation had taken place ; it was not in vain that the Russian officers had seen Paris, had dwelt on French soil. Those revolutionary principles of which under Catherine the Second men had caught only a glimpse across the prism of their prejudices, they had found realized in the States of the West, and had been forced to remark the coincidence of their triumph with the rapid development of a new prosperity. " From the time that the Russian armies returned to their country," writes Nikolai Turgenief, " liberal ideas, as they were then called, began to propagate themselves in Russia. Independently of the regular troops, great masses of militiamen had also seen foreign places. These militiamen of various ranks recrossed the frontier, went back to their homes, and related all that they had seen in Europe. Facts had spoken louder than any human voice. This was the true propaganda." Pestel, one of the conspirators of eighteen hundred and twenty-five, acknowledged that the restoration of the Bourbons had made an epoch in the history of his ideas and political convictions. He says : "I then saw that though the greater number of the institutions necessary to the well- being of a State were brought in by the Revolution, they were continued after the re-establishment of the monarchy as con- ducive to the public welfare, while formerly we all, myself 333 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. among the earliest, rose against this Revolution. From this I concluded that apparently it was not so bad as we represented to ourselves, and even contained much good. I was confirmed in my idea by observing that the States in which no revolution had taken place continued to lack many rights and privileges." People read not only Montesquieu, Raynal, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as in the time of Catherine the Second, but Bignon, Lacretelle, I)e Tracy, and Benjamin Constant ; and the elo- quent voices of the French tribune found an echo in the young Russian nobility and part of the middle class. Politeness, the spirit of justice, and respect for the human person had made great progress. European culture no longer lay only on the surface, but it penetrated deeply into hearts and con- sciences. Many declared, like Wil helm Kiichelbecker : "At the thought of all the brilliant qualities with which God has endowed the Russian people, — that people which is the fore- most of all in power and in glorious actions, that people whose language, so sonorous, so rich and strong, is without a rival in Europe, whose national character is a mixture of good -nature, of tenderness, of lively intelligence, and a generous disposition to pardon offences; — -at the thought that all this was stifled, and would wither and perhaps perish before having produced any fruit in the moral world, my heart nearly broke." To these noble souls it was absolute suffering to see despotism hold its sway through all the grades of Russian society, in all the relations of the autocrat with the nation, of the officials with those they governed, of the officers with their soldiers, and of the proprietors with the peasants. They were indignant at beholding the Russian people alone in Europe dishonored by the serfage of the soil, and by domestic servitude, that shameful legacy of ancient Slav barbarism and the Tatar yoke, that Asiatic ignominy which continued to defile a Christian people; at the sight of the Russian soldier, the conqueror of Napoleon, the liberator of Europe, submitting to the degrada- tion of corporal punishment. They did not believe that the 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER L: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 389 inconstant will of an autocrat with even the best intentions, that the noble plans of an Alexander — that " happy accident," as he called himself to Madame de Stael — could makeup for the want of laws and liberal institutions. In spite of the watchfulness of suspicious police, freemasonry, forbidden since the time of Catherine the Second and Paul, was reorganized and spread over Russia, the kingdom of Poland, and the Baltic provinces. Societies of a more warlike character, and with a definite object, whose existence for a long while remained a secret, were also established at certain points. It was in eighteen hundred and eighteen that the Society for the Public Advantage, an imitation of the Germanic Tugenbund, was formed at Moscow, and reckoned among its members Prince Trubetskoi, Alexander and Nikita Mnravief, Matvei and Sergi Mnravief- Apostol, Nikolai Turgenief, Feodor Glinka, Mikhail Orlof, the two brothers Fon-Vizin, Iakushkin, Lunin, the princes Feodor Shakovsko'i and Obolenski, and many others. The members of this association were not agreed as to the form of government they wished to give to Russia, some clinging to the idea of a constitutional monarchy, others to that of a republic, which Novikof had been one of the first to suggest. This society was dissolved in eighteen hundred and twenty-two, and gave rise to two others, — the Society of the North, or of Saint Petersburg, which had consti- tutional aims, and the Society of the South, which recruited its associates chiefly among the officers of the garrisons of the Ukraina or of Little Russia, where Colonel Pestel preached republicanism. A third and less important society, that of the United Slavs, dreamed of a confederacy of the Slav races, and tried to form ramifications in Bohemia, Serbia, and Bul- garia. About eighteen hundred and twenty-three the Russian societies entered into relations with the Patriotic Society of Poland, then preparing for an insurrection, and, in order to secure the help of the Poles, engaged to do all in their power to favor the restoration of the country. The most ardent 390 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. members of the Russian associations were at that time Colo- nel Pestel and Ruileef, the one a son of a former director of posts, the other of the head of police under Catherine the Second. By the warmth of their republican convictions, they seemed to wish to expiate the servility of their fathers: At the period of the meetings at Kief in eighteen hundred and twenty-three, Pestel read a scheme of a republican con- stitution and of an equalizing code. As the chief obstacle to the realization of his projects seemed to him to be the existence of the Romanof dynasty, it was decided not to shrink from the murder of the Emperor, and the extermina- tion of the imperial family. In the bosom of the Society of the South, a still closer and more secret association had been formed, with the end of regicide in view. They were to profit by the first opportunity that presented itself, which would be a review in which Alexander was to inspect the troops of the Ukraina, in eighteen hundred and twenty-four. An active propaganda was set on foot among the soldiers of the garrisons, and common soldiers were gained over by promising them the liberty of the peasants, and the mitigation of the military regime. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT. The awakening of the Russian mind did not show itself in political schemes alone. In science, in letters, and in arts, the reign of Alexander was an epoch of magnificent blossom. The intellectual, like the liberal movement had not the exotic and superficial character of the reign of Catherine. It pene- trated deeply into the heart of the nation, gained in power and in extent, carried away the middle classes, and was propa- gated in the most distant provinces. The impulse given in eighteen hundred and one had not stopped, although the government at once tried to quell the spirit it had excited, and Alexander, imbittered and cured of his illusions, had become mistrustful of all manifestations of private thought. 1S01-1825.] ALEXANDER I: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 391 Though the seventy of the censorship increased, the number of secret societies was not at all diminished, and reviews and literary journals continued to multiply. The Besieda was now formed, the literary club at which Kruilof read his fables and Derzhavin his odes, and which represented classical tendencies ; whilst the Arzamas was founded by the romantic school, — Zhukovski, Dashkof, Uva- rof, Pushkin, Bludof, and Prince Viazemski. At Saint Peters- burg the Society of the Friends of Science, Literature, and Arts ; that of' the Friends of Russian Literature at Moscow, which published an important collection of its " transactions "; that of the History of Russian Antiquities, and the Society of Patriotic Literature, at Kazan ; that of the Friends of Science at Kharkof, and many others of less importance, devoted them- selves to letters, archaeology, and the mathematical, natural, and physical sciences. At Saint Petersburg appeared the Northern, Post, the Saint Petersburg Messenger, the Northern Mercury, the Messenger of Sion, an organ of the mystic party, the Beehire, and the Democrat, in which Kropotof declaimed against the influence of French ideas and maimers, and in the " Funeral Oration of my Dog, Balabas," congratulated this worthy animal, among other things, on having studied at no university, on having never occupied himself with politics, and on having never read Voltaire. Literary activity was, as ever, still greater at Moscow. Karamsin was the editor of a review entitled the European Messenger, which had a brilliant career, and published the masterpieces of the poets and authors of the time; Makarof edited the Moscow Mercury; Sergi Glinka established the Russian Messenger, in which he tried to excite a national feeling, now putting the people on their guard against any foreign influence, moral or intellectual, now arming them against Napoleon, "teaching the people to sacri- fice themselves to their country," and letting loose the furies of the " patriotic war." With the victory of Russia over the invader his task ended, and the Russian Messenger disap- 392 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. peared, but his work was taken up by Gretch in his " Son of the Soil," who continued beyond the frontier the war with Napoleon, whom he taunted as a " murderer " and an "in- famous tyrant," and against his companions in arms, whom he called "brigands." "Taste beforehand," lie cries to the conqueror, "the immortality which you deserve. Know from this time how posterity will curse your name ! You are seated on your throne amidst thunder and flames, like Satan in the midst of hell, encircled with death, with devastation, fury, and fire." The Invalide Russe was founded in eighteen hun- dred and thirteen, for the benefit of wounded or infirm sol- diers. Even when the warlike fever calmed down, and men's minds were occupied with other things less hostile to French influence, this great literary movement still continued. Almost all the writers of this period took their part in the crusade against the Gallomania and the influence of Napoleon. Some had fought in person in the war with France. Zhu- kovski was present at Borodino ; Batiushkof had marched in the campaigns of eighteen hundred and seven and eighteen hundred and thirteen, and had been wounded at Pleilsberg ; Petin was killed at Leipzig ; the Princes Viazemski and Shakovskoi had served among the Cossacks; Glinka in the militia, in which Karamsin, in spite of his age, had wished to enroll himself. Their writings bear the stamp of their patriotic passions. Kruilof, besides his fables, which place him not far from La Fontaine, wrote comedies, the "School for Young Ladies " and the " Milliner's Shop," in which he turned into ridicule the exaggerated taste for everything French. Amongst several classical tragedies, such as " (Edipus at Athens," " Fingal," " Polyxena," Ozerof wrote that of "Dmitri Donskoi," which recalled the struggles of Russia against the Tatars, and seemed to predict the approaching contest with another invader. The tragedy of " Pozharski," the hero of sixteen hundred and twelve, by Kriukovski, con- tains allusions of the same sort. In eighteen hundred and 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 393 six the poet Zhukovski sang the exploits of the Russians against Napoleon, in the " Song of the Bard on the Graves of the Victorious Slavs," and in eighteen hundred and twelve in the " Bard in the Camp of the Russian Warriors." Rostop- tchin, the enemy of the French, did not even await the grand crisis to empty the vials of his wrath upon them. In general the literature of the time of Alexander marks the transition from the imitation of the ancients, or of classic French writers, to the imitation of the German or English masterpieces. The Besieda and the Arzamas clubs formed, as it were, the headquarters of the two rival armies, which fought in Russia the same battle as the French romantic and classic schools at Paris. Schiller, Goethe, Burger, Byron, and Shakspere were as fashionable as in France, because they were strange, and because they created a kind of literary scandal. If Ozerof, Batiushkof, and Derzhavin kept up the traditions of the old school, Zhukovski translated Schiller's " Joan of Arc " and Byron's " Prisoner of Chillon "; Pushkin contributed " Ruslan and Liudmila," the " Prisoner of the Caucasus," the " Fountain of Bakhtchi-Serai'," and the Tmiganid, or the " Gyp- sies," and began his romance in verse of " Evgeni Oniegin " and the drama of "Boris Godunof" published in eighteen hun- dred and twenty-nine. As in France the romantic movement had been accom- panied by a brilliant renaissance of historical studies, so in Russia the dramatists and novelists were inspired with a taste for national subjects by Karamsin's " History of Rus- sia," — a work uncritical in its methods, and indiscriminating in its appreciation of historical events, but remarkable for the brilliance and eloquence of its style, as well as the charm of its narrative. Schlcetzer had just edited Nestor, the old Kievan annalist, the father of Russian history. Science enjoyed a certain amount of protection in this reign. In eighteen hundred and three the Captains Krusen- stern and Lisianski, accompanied by Tilesius of Leipzig and 394 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. Horner of Hamburg, accomplished the first Russian voyage round the world, in the Nadezhda and the Neva, and opened relations with the United States and with Japan. In eigh- teen hundred and fifteen Captain Kotzebue explored the Southern Ocean, and afterwards the icy ocean to the north, and sought by Behring's Straits a communication with the Atlantic, that is, the Northwest passage ; others surveyed the coasts of Siberia, and it was ascertained that Asia was not joined to America, as the Englishman Burney had asserted. In eighteen hundred and fourteen the imperial library of Saint Petersburg was solemnly thrown open to the public. It then contained two hundred and forty-two thousand vol- umes and ten thousand manuscripts. The nucleus had been formed by the victories of Suvorof, who had sent to Russia the library of the kings of Poland. In spite of the expenses of the war, the Russian cities re- ceived embellishments. At Saint Petersburg the better-paved streets and the granite quays gave evidence of the care of the government. Thomont built the palace of the Bourse, Ros- ser the new Mikhail Palace, and Montferrand began the vast and splendid cathedral of Saint Isaac. Saint Peter's at Rome served as a model for Our Lady of Kazan, before which the bronze statues of Barclay de Tolly and Kutuzof were after- wards erected. In eighteen hundred and one a statue was erected to Suvorof. Poltava had its monument in honor of the victory of Peter the Great ; Kief that of Vladimir the Baptist ; Moscow those of Minin and Pozharski, erected in eighteen hundred and eighteen ; but the plan of raising on the Hill of Sparrows at Moscow a colossal church dedicated to the Saviour, in memory of the deliverance, failed through the inexperience of the architect. The plan was carried out, though in another place, during the present reign. Alexander, stifling the benevolent impulses which were nat- ural to him, and listening only to the voice of foreign state- craft, had resisted the wishes of his people, and refused to :aii 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 395 come to the assistance of the persecuted Greeks. The Rus- sians therefore considered the misfortunes which clouded the last years of his life as the punishment from Heaven for this culpable indifference toward their co-religionists of the East. The most striking of these misfortunes was the frightful flood which happened at Saint Petersburg in November, eighteen hundred and twenty-five. The Neva is a sort. of continuation of Lake Ladoga. Saint Petersburg is, in large measure, situated upon low, marshy islands, formed by the dif- ferent branches of the river and by the artificial canals which were' constructed for the purpose of drainage or communica- tion. The mouth of the Neva faces the west, and is exposed to the storms which often rage over the Gulf of Finland. In such times the waters of the gulf make a sort of tide in the Neva, and are forced back between the low banks which con- fine them. Solid granite quays line these water-courses, and, as a general thing, prevent the catastrophes which threaten. The story is told that Peter the Great was informed by a Fin- nish peasant of the danger of floods when he laid the founda- tions of his new city ; but he disregarded the warning, and cut down the girdled tree which marked the height to which the river rose two years before Sophia became regent. Since that time five or six such inundations had been recorded, but none so terrible as that which occurred the year before Alex- ander's death. The wind blew violently from the northwest, and the Neva rose four meters above its ordinary level. Nearly the whole of Saint Petersburg was overwhelmed. The number of lives lost was reckoned at more than five hun- dred, and millions of dollars' worth of property was destroyed. The Emperor, who had just returned from a long journey to the Kirghiz Steppes, assisted in rescuing the unfortunate in- habitants, whose wooden houses were carried away by the waves, and he contributed munificently to the subscriptions started to relieve the distress, which was aggravated by the sudden approach of winter. Alexander's moody melancholy 396 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. was increased by this calamity ; his deafness was growing upon liini ; erysipelas, causing symptoms of insanity, attacked him ; he became suspicious of his own immediate family. The people of Europe cordially detested the Holy Alliance, which was opposed to the notions of popular liberty ; secret societies, supported by the young spirits of all nations, were everywhere in process of formation ; the universities were hot- beds of radicalism, and the students were anxious to strike at the tyranny of kings. Poland was thoroughly turbulent, and caused Alexander constant anxiety. In spite of the arrest of Lukasinski and other members of the Polish revolutionary societies, in eighteen hundred and twenty-three, the movement still continued with ceaseless activity. The peasants in the neighborhood of Novgorod, and in other localities, feeling that their burdens were too heavy to be borne, were inclined to insurrection, and severe measures of repression had to be taken. The military colonies were unsuccessful ; both sol- diers and serfs complained bitterly of their unhappy lot. Through the communications of the young officer, Slier- wood, Alexander knew something of the plot which was to involve his assassination. He gave up the plan which he had conceived of abdicating the throne, in order that it might not be said that fear of losing his life influenced him. A still more cruel grief was added to his cup of bitterness. Alexander had been married at the age of sixteen to Louisa Maria Augusta, of Baden, who, upon her baptism into the Or- thodox Greek Church, took the name Elisaveta Alexeiovna. But in the early years of their married life there was a lack of sympathy between them. Their two daughters died young, and Alexander formed an attachment with the Countess Naruishkin, by whom he had three illegitimate children, only one of whom survived. This daughter, Sophia Naruishkin, was soon to be married to a young Russian ; the wedding preparations were partly made, when she suddenly died. Alexander felt that this affliction was a chastisement for his it a 5 HEP - iOIC id<? iisiiii 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I.: INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 397 faithlessness, and from this time he began to recognize the true worth of Elisabeth. Daring the last years of his life the Emperor made extensive journeys to visit the distant parts of his empire. As the health of the Empress was delicate, her physicians ordered her to have a change of climate. She refused to go to Baden, asserting that if she was destined not to live, it was fitting for a Russian empress to die on Russian soil. Alexander de- cided, therefore, that she should try the milder climate of Southern Russia, and, having settled upon the port of Tagan- rog as preferable to the Crimea, he announced his determina- tion to accompany her thither. At the moment of his departure he seems to have been shaken by gloomy presentiments ; in everything connected with his journey he saw prognostications of his approaching death. He left Saint Petersburg on the thirteenth of Septem- ber, eighteen hundred and twenty-five, and ordered a requiem mass to be said at the monastery of Alexander* Nevski, where his two infant daughters and many members of the imperial family lay buried. In broad daylight burning tapers were left in his room. After a journey of nearly two weeks Alexander reached Taganrog. He spent the week before the arrival of the Em- press in making arrangement for her comfort, and not until her health showed signs of improvement did he venture to make various excursions in the southern part of the em- pire. He then visited the shores of the Sea of Azof, as- cended the Don for a considerable distance, and visited the capital of the Don Cossacks. It was his intention to defer his expedition to the Crimea until the following spring ; but as the fine weather continued he accepted the invitation of Prince Mikhail Vorontsof, governor-general of New Russia, and, in November, left Taganrog for the Crimea. He visited the German colonists and Simferopol on his way, and also stopped at Vorontsof's romantic and beautiful palace at 398 HISTORY OF RUSSIA. [Chap. XIV. Alupka. Finally he reached Sevastopol, where he reviewed the fleet, and inspected the fortifications and arsenals. In this journey he overexerted himself, and neglected the precautions which his physician advised him to take. When he reached Taganrog again, the fever of the Crimea was fixed upon him. On the anniversary of the great flood at Saint Petersburg it began to increase in violence. It was impossible to keep the Emperor from receiving from General De Witt circum- stantial accounts as to the conspiracy of the South and the traitorous conduct of Colonel Pestel. "Ah! the mons- ters, the ungrateful monsters ; I intended nothing but their happiness," he repeated over and over. Cruel recollections of his father's assassination, and the way by which he came to the throne, may have mingled with his melancholy. He thought sadly of the terrible embarrassments which he was about to bequeath to his successor; he thought of his lost illusions; of his liberal sympathies of former days, which in Poland, as well as in Russia, had ended in reaction ; he thought of his broken purposes and changed life. In the Crimea he was heard to repeat, " They may say of me what they will ; but I have lived and shall die republican." But what a strange Republic is the system preserved in the memory of the people under the name of " Araktcheevtchina " ! On the first of December, eighteen hundred and twenty- five, the Emperor expired in the arms of the Empress Elisa- beth. In the judgment of his contemporaries Alexander possessed many amiable qualities. " He was courteous and affable in his deportment ; in his temper mild and placable ; and in his habits active and temperate. His education had raised his mind above the baneful prejudices which haunt the courts of absolute sovereigns, and gave to him sympathies in the wel- fare of the humblest of his subjects." " As a private citizen, Alexander united all the qualities necessary to win love ; as emperor, the events which occupied his cares arc known to all m !!:;?:'! ii 1801-1825.] ALEXANDER I. : FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 399 the world. The history of Europe is epitomized in his life. For a dozen years he ruled the destinies of the conti- nent. Party spirit may dispute the services which he has rendered, but the Russian people will not hesitate to place him in the list of its greatest sovereigns. In this empire, already so vast, he incorporated, by victory or by treaty, the grand duchy of Finland, Bessarabia, the country of Persia as far as the Araxes and the Kur, the province of Bielostok, and the kingdom of Poland. He did more. By means of wisely- endowed institutions he has introduced the elements of civili- zation into his realm. He has prepared for the general abolition of serfdom. He has secured the good fortune of his people ; he has increased their power and military glory." We shall now see how Russia celebrated the obsequies of Alexander the Magnanimous. INDEX. Abdul Aziz, Sultan, becomes unpopular, iii. 337 ; forcibly dethroned, 338 ; dies by unknown violence, 338. Abdul Hamid succeeds to throne of Tur- key, iii. 339. Abu, treaty of, cedes South Finland to Russia, ii. 159. Academy, Russian, undertakes dictionary, ii. 216 ; incorporates with Academy of Sciences, 216. Achmet III. seeks to retake Azof, ii. 107. Address from Poles to Alexander II. , iii. 236. Adolph, Friedrich, made Prince of Swe- den, ii. 159. Adrian, patriarch, death of, ii. 92. Adiuaxople entered by Russians, iii. 41 ; abandoned by Turks, 377. Agriculture followed by early tribes, i. 58. Aix la Ciiapelle, Congress of, ii. 370. Akkerman, treaty of, made with Turkey, iii. 38. Aksakof complains of Berlin Congress, iii. 3S0. Aladja-Dagh, battle of, won by Rus- sians, iii. 372. Alaska sold to United States, iii. 307 ; transferred formally, 308. Albert, Bishop of Livonia, builds Riga, i. 144: Aleko Pasha wins popularity in Rume- lia, iii. 381. Alexander Nevski, Prince of Novgorod, i. 159 ; wins battle of Neva, 160 ; sub- mits to Batui, 162 ; dies near Vladimir. 164. ■ of Tver flies from Pskof, i. 192 ; pardoned by Uzbek, 192 ; finally exe- cuted, 193. of Lithuania marries Helena, i. 228. I. comes to the throne, ii. 271 ; reconciles George III. of England, 272 ; seeks peace with France, 272 ; makes alliance with England, 277 ; visits tomb of Frederick, 278 ; decides to continue war, 285 ; quarrels with Novosiltsof, 296 ; discontent runs high against, 300 ; disturbed by action of Napoleon, 320 ; prohibits French goods, 321 ; debate' over his policy, 326 ; retires to his capital, 329 ; seeks alliance against Napoleon, 345 ; firm policy of, against Napoleon, 349 ; proclamation of, at Freiburg, 354 ; confers with Deputies of Paris, 359 ; takes Poland and cedes Saxony, 361 ; modifies his Polish plan, 361 ; relations of, to restored France, 364 ; policy of, as to Poland, 366 ; regards Greek cause with indifference, 373 ; early promise of his reign, 374 ; becomes harsh in latter years, 384 ; takes Empress to Taganrog, 397 ; dies at Taganrog, 398 ; character and services of, 399. II., early life and education of, iii. 174 ; succeeds to the throne, 175 ; man- ifesto of, to Russian people, 176; re- solves of, as to Crimean War, 177; manifesto after Sevastopol, 201 ; same, after close of war, 207 ; initiates valua- ble reforms, 209 ; speech of, to Deputies at Moscow, 209 ; coronation of, 210 ; moves to abolish serfage, 221 ; offers amnesty to Poles, 241 ; amity of, with. William I., 314 ; speech of, to the Cos- sacks, 320 ; denounced by Revolution- ists, 383 ; killed by explosive bombs, 384 ; affection of peasantry for, 385 ; splendid funeral of, 386. III. succeeds to throne, iii. 387. Alexandra, Princess, executed, i. 265. Alexis makes humane war on Poland, i. 381 ; treats with Poland against .Sweden, 382 ; confines English to Arkhangel, 399. Mikhailoviteh, character of, i. 370. , Prime, marries Charlotte of Bruns- wick, ii. 120 ; gives Peter great trouble, 120 ; hides in Germany and Italy, 121 ; brought home and renounces crown, 121; proved a traitor and put to death, 122. 390 INDEX. Alfred of England served by Other, i. 40. Alliance, efforts to strengthen, ii. 290. , French, prospects of, ii. 298. " of Four Powers " quells the Khe- dive, iii. 76. "of Three Emperors" formed, iii. 319. Allied Army lands at Eupatoria, iii. 154. Allies, movements of, in Southern Eu- rope, ii. 256 ; capture Dutch fleet in the Texel, 261 ; conditions of, offered to Napoleon, 348 ; three great armies of, in the field, 349 ; decide to march on Paris, 358 ; financial preparations of, iii. 143 ; despatch troops to Turkey, 145 ; move on the Chersonesus, 162 ; intrench before Sevastopol, 168 ; gain by naval attacks, 184 ; ask for truce at Sevasto- pol, 188 ; sickness in armies of, 188 ; movements of, in pursuit of Russians, 198. Alma, Heights of, fortified by Russians, iii. 154 ; forced by Allies, 155. -, Ravine of, desperate fight in, iii. 156. -, battle of, its effect in Russia, iii. 157. Almanac, change made in, in 1700, ii. 78. Alphabet, Slavonic, first invented, i. 69 ; abandoned, ii. 100. , Russian, contrived to admit print- ing, ii. 100. Ambassadors, how received and enter- tained, i. 291. Amiens, Peace of, rupture of, ii. 275. AMOROSI, Bishop, killed by mob, ii. 198. AMUB River, Russian acquisitions on, iii. • 305. Amusements, prohibited in old Russia, i. 297 ; instituted by Peter, ii. 84. Anastasia, Tsaritsa, dies, perhaps by poison, i. 260. ANDRASSY, Count, declarations of, iii. 313; note fit', for pacification, 329. Andrei reigns in Suzdal, i. 159. Anna Ivanuvna, Council treats with, ii. 135; accepts proposal of Council, 136 ; enters Moscow as capital, 136; sum- mons High ( iouncil, 137. I., character and person of, ii. 138 ; oppressive style of her government, 138 ; court costume and etiquette of, It11; habits and method of government, 141 ; becomes unpopular, 152. Leopoldovna becomes Regent, ii. 154 ; weakness and incapacity of, 154 ; condemned, with her party, 156. Paulovna, marriage with Napoleon Araktchef.f made Minister of War, ii. 297 ; made Prime Minister, 382 ; op- posed by peasantry, 386. Aual, Sea of, navigation begun upon, iii. 45. An#is, battle of, victory doubtful, ii. 358. ARDAHAN, fortress, taken by Russians, iii. 370. Akkhangel, effort to suppress trade at, ii. 95. "Armed Neutrality," proclaimed against England, ii. 222 ; Act of, revived by Paul I., 263 ; given up by Alexander 1., 272. Armies collected by France and Russia, ii. 321. Army, Russian, general constitution of, i. 288 ; equipments and divisions of, 289. , Heavy, of Alexander and Russia, stopped, ii. 318. Antiquities, Russian writers upon, iii. 270. Ai'Kaxin invades Kastern Prussia, ii. 164. ii. 325. of Russia, reinforced continuallv, ii. 335. Arnaud, St., letter to French Minister, iii. 151 ; criticises Russian tactics, 156. Artisans, foreign, invited to Russia, i. 356. Artists, Italian, at Court of Moscow, i. 232. Arts, rise of, in Russia, i. 310; useful, promoted by Peter, ii. '.'7. Asia, Central, dubious place of Russia in, iii. 286 ; Russian boundaries in, 287 ; details of geography of, 291 - 293. Asiatic tribes, how regarded by Russia, iii. 283. Askold, first Christian Prince of Russia, i. 69 ; and Dir, besiege Byzantium, i. 66. Assemblies, International, held in Rus- sia, iii. 280. Assumption, Church of, in the Kreml, i. 307. Astrakhan subdued by Ivan IV., i. 255. Augustus of Poland, submits to Charles XII., ii. 64 ; reconciled with Peter, 106. Austria, policy of, suspected by Russia, ii. 262 ; soldiers of, charged with treach- ery, 283; attempts negotiations with Russia, iii. 116; persists in sicking pacification, 124 ; real interest of, in Turkish War, 131 ; and Prussia support the Alliance, 148 : supplanted by Rus- sia, 309; and Hungary disturbed by Russian action, 313. AUTHORS, Western, popular in Russia, ii. 393. Azof, offered to Russia by Cossacks, i. 355 ; destroyed by Cossacks, 355 ; Pe- ter decides to march upon, ii. 28 ; sec- ond expedition against, 30 ; capitulates to Russians, 30. INDEX. 391 B. Bader, Franz, originates Holy Alliance, ii. 368. Bagration, Gen., covers retreat of Kutu- zof, ii. 280 ; overrules Barclay de Tol- ley, 329. Balaklava, intrenchments of Allies at, iii. 163 ; battle of, 165. Balkans, crossed by Russian army, iii. 354 ; final evacuation of, 381. Baltic, Peter seeks to secure passage of, ii. 51 ; provinces of, saved from insur- rection, iii. 246. Banks, agricultural, founded in Russia, ii. 167. Bar, Confederation of, violent spirit of, ii. 18!). Basmanof, his treason to the sons of Bo- ris, i. 325. Bati/i, Tatar Chief, makes second inva- sion, i. 153. Bati'.m, expedition of Russians against, iii. 369. Belgrade, Peace of, ends Turco-Russian War, ii. 14S. Bell, famous "Tsar-kolokol," at Moscow, i. 310. Belles- Lettres, advance of, in Russia, ii. 392. Benningsen, prominent in conspiracy, ii. 269; attacks Paul I. in chamber, 269; makes advance at Osterode, 287 ; opens campaign of 1807, 291. Berezina, French force passage at, ii. 343. Berlin, entered and pillaged by Russians, ii. 166 ; Congress of, meets to discuss treaty, iii. 378. Bernadutte chosen King of Sweden, ii. 308. Bestuzhef, Alexander, revolutionary acts of, iii. 16. Bestuzhef-Riumin, opinion on Greek Church, i. 90 ; as to writings of Nov- gorod, 13S ; succeeds against Lestocq, ii. 161 ; made Vice-Chancellor, 159 ; disgraced and removed, 164 ; concerned in insurrection, iii. 19. Bkzborodko rewarded for services, ii. 224. Bibikof defeats Pugatrbef, ii. 200. Bible Societies established, ii. 3S3. Bielinski, eminent critical writer, iii. 27. Billault, French Minister, speaks for Poland, iii. 244. Biren, nominated Regent, ii. 152 ; de- posed and exiled, ii. 153. BiRGER, of Sweden, defeated on the Ijora, i. 160. Bismarck gains advantage from Russia, iii. 311. Black Sea, Russians not to cruise in, iii. 135 ; entered by Allied Fleet, 136 ;' navigation of, debated, 178 ; made neu- tral ground, 205 ; neutrality of, set aside, 319. "Black Tomb" opened by Samokvasof, i. 62. Blucher, steadily opposes Napoleon, ii. 356 ; makes trouble in Paris, 363. Bogdanovitch, as to policy of Russia, ii. 352. Bogoliubski, besieges Kief, i. Ill ; founds Tsars of Moscow, .113 ; movements of, after fall of Kief, 114 ; attacks Novgo- rod, 114 ; efforts of, for new capital, 116 ; slain by boyars, lis. Bolotnikof, marches on Moscow, i. 332 ; retires to Tula, 333. Bomarsund taken by Allies, iii. 151. Bonaparte, wins at Marengo, ii. 262 ; re- turns all Russian prisoners, 262 ; makes overtures to Paul I., 263 ; questions the India scheme, 267 ; angry at murder of Paul I., 270 ; displeased by Russian policy, 272 ; threatens England, 277. "Book of Instructions" of Catherine II., ii. 205. Boris and Gleb, Russian demigods, i. 160. Boris Godunof, aspires to throne, i. 312 ; removes all other regents, 312 ; be- comes virtual Tsar, 313 ; retires to mon- astery, 318 ; obtains the throne, 319 ; encourages learning, 321 ; wife and child of, put to death, 326. Borodino, battle-field of, described, ii. 332 ; details of battle of, 333 ; fruitless carnage at, 334. Bosquet, Gen., displaced from command, iii. 186. Bourdon, Mad., describes Shah Indeh, iii. 292. Bribes and corruption denounced by Cath- erine, ii. 207. Brides, capture of, at marriage, i. 56. Bridges, splendid, in Russia, iii. 276. Brigade, Light, at Balaklava, iii. 165. "Brigand of Tushino " approaches Mos- cow, i. 334. Prune. Gen., reduces Zyp, ii. 261. Buffoonery, Anna I. encourages, ii. 142. Buildings, Russian, mostly wood, i. 23. Bukarest, Congress of, ii. 312. Bulgaria, ravaged by Bashi-Bazouks, iii. 333 ; welcomes tin- Russians, 354. Burnet, Bishop, his opinion of Peter, ii. 39. Burroughs, Stephen, voyage to North Sea, i. 274. "Busy Bee," first Russian Review, ii. 170. Buturlin, sent to Cossacks, i. 380. Byzantium preserved by miracle, i. 66. 392 INDEX. "Cadets, Corps of," founded by Miin- nich, ii. 144. Canals, important, projected by Peter, ii. 96. Can Robert, Marshal, relieved in Crimea, iii. 183. Capefique, his story of Peter's assassina- tion, ii. 180. Cardigan, Earl of, famous charge of, iii. 166. Carlsbad, Congress of, excitement about, ii. 370. Catherine, " Maid of Marienburg," story of, ii. 59-123; acknowledged by Peter, 108 ; described by Margravine of Baireutb, 124 ; crowned as Empress Catherine I., 124 ; becomes absolute sovereign, 128 ; continues plans of Pe- ter, 121 ; nominates Peter II. to suc- ceed, 129. II., usurps the throne, ii. 179 ; procures death of Peter III., 180 ; no- tice of her dramatic works, 216 ; her designs on Turkey, 226 ; terrified by French Revolution, 245 ; her compli- cated diplomacy, 246. Caucasus, doubtful war with tribes of, iii. 42 ; Russian occupation of, 283 ; rapid improvements in, 286. Census and tribute laid on Novgorod, i. 162. Chancellor, discovers White Sea, i. 273 ; second voyage to White Sea, 273 ; ship- wrecked on return to England, 271. Charles X., of Sweden, invades Poland, i. 382. X., of France, Nicholas disturbed by flight of, iii. 46. XII. of Sweden, comes to Little Russia, ii. 48 ; makes resumption of land, 52 ; congratulated by European Powers, 56 ; operations of, in Poland, 60 ; enters Russia to subdue Augustus, 62; character of, by Guerrier and oth- ers, « i 7 ; makes rapid march into Russia, 69 ; approaches Moscow from Berezina, 70 ; winter sufferings of his army, 71 : routed and broken up at Poltava, 73. Cu ati i.i.i>n-suk-S line, congress opened at, ii. 356. "Chief Citizens," class founded by Xieli- olas, iii. 23. China, treaty with, by [aguzhinski, ii. 133 : relations with, under Nicholas 1., iii. I.! : position of Russia towards, 304 ; Russia finally settles with, 306. Cholera, peasants revolt on account of, iii. 45 ; ravages Polish and Russian armies, 67 ; breaks out in French arrny, 149. Christians, slain by Vladimir, i. 78 ; institutions of, respected by Tatars, 172 ; in Turkey, Russia claims to protect, iii. 110 ; revolt against Turkey, 325 ; last appeal of, to Consuls, 326 ; encouraged by financial pressure, 328 ; insurgent, difficulty of appeasing, 330. CHURCH, peculiar form of, in Novgorod, i. 137 ; slow increase of power of, 173 ; revenues and management of, 287 ; of Vasili the Blessed, curious style of, 309 ; reorganized by Peter, ii. 92. Civil state, idea of, from Greece, i. 94. liberty, narrowness of, under Vasili, i. 246 ; advanced under Ivan IV., 278. Civilization, extinct, signs of, in Tur- kestan, iii. 288. Clarendon, Earl, becomes English Min- ister, iii. 96 ; his note as to state of Turkey, 97. Clement VIII., Pope, bishops submit to, i. 364. Climate, severe in winter, i. 30. COALITION, disposition of, against France, ii. 255 ; overcome by Napoleon, 284 ; renewed by Northern Powers, 2S4. Coast line, great share of, in Western Europe, i. 17 ; small amount of, in Rus- sia, 18. Coins, ancient, discovery of, i. 58. "Colleges" of Government, created by Peter, ii. 85 ; of Mines, etc., suppressed, 209. Colonies, military, founded by Arakt- cheef, ii. 385. Colonization of immigrants favored, ii. 210. "Commission for the Code," influence of, ii. 206. Communists publish principles at Kra- kov, iii. 78. Confederates, Polish, capture the King, ii. 191. Conference, Berlin, attempts help for 'I'm key. iii. '■''■'•■'. CONFRATERNITIES formed against Jesuits, i. 361. Conscription, Polish, serious effect of, iii. L'lo. Constantine, Emperor, as to Russian names, i. 60. Constantinople, taken by Mahomef II., i. 215 ; blockaded by England, ii. 312 ; results of conference at, iii. 344. Constitution, liberal, attempl for, clucked, ii. 137 : refused to the nobles, iii. 229. Consuls, French and German, killed by Turks, iii. 332. Cossacks, intractable character of, i. 367; defeated a1 Berestitchko, 379 ; again de- feated at Ivaneto, 380 ; definitely an- nexed to Russia, 381 ; difficulty of INDEX. 393 union with, 386 ; revolt at Hadiatch, 387 ; of Don, revolt against Russia, ii. 45 ; last end of their power, 202 ; to march against India, 264 ; full in- structions to, 265 ; march of, stopped by death of Paul I., 266. Costumes, curious, of native women, i. 41 ; ridiculous, at Court of Anna 1., ii. 143. Council of Regents appointed for Feo- dor, i. 311. Courts, form of improved, iii. 230. Crimea, Khan of, marches on Moscow, i. 252 ; and Livonia, war against both, 258 ; second expedition against, fails, ii. 21 ; Turks finally driven from, 193 ; disturbances in, 223 ; geography of, iii. 152 ; war of, great loss of life in, 206. Criminals, State, pardoned by Alexander II., iii. 212. Cyprus, given to England by Berlin Con- gress, iii. 380. D. Dall, Wm. H., statements as to Alaska, iii. 308. Daniel, succeeds to throne of Galitch, i. 124 ; efforts of, for freedom of Ga- litch, 126; first Prince of Moscow, 1S7. Dantzig, taken by the Russians, ii. 146. Danube, crossed by Russians, iii. 146- 350 ; operations of Russians upon, 352. Days, great variation in length of, i. 22> Death, penalty of, abolished by Eliza- beth, ii. 168. Debts, rigorous laws for collection of, i. 286. Deities, worshipped by certain tribes, i. 42 ; greater and lesser, of early authors, i. 52. De la Gardie, invades Russia with Swedes, i. 271 ; drives Brigand from Tushino, 335 ; takes Baltic ports, 341. Demidof, family founded by menus of Pe- ter, ii. 96. " Demon, The," great poem by Lermontof, iii. 30. D'Enghien, Due, seized and executed, ii. 2Z6. Denmark, fleet of, seized by English, ii. 267 ; forced to give up Schleswig-Hol- stein, iii. 311. Derby, Lord, criticises Russian action, iii. 349. Derzhavin. greatest lyric poet in Russia, ii. 219. Devlet-Ghirei, Khan, invades Moscow, i. 268. Dibitch, Count, enters Poland with Rus- sians, iii. 65. Diet of Grodno, sad spectacle of, ii. 237. Dimsdale, Dr., inoculates Catherine II., ii. 212. Diplomacy, methods and manner of, i. 290. Dmitri Ivanovitch claims Moscow, i. 197. Donskoi, military movements of, i. 198 ; defeats Tatars on the Voja, 200 ; threatened by Mamai, 201. , brother of Feodor, killed by Uglitch, i. 317. — the False, his appearance, i. 332. , the second, assassinated, i. 339. the fourth, executed, i. !74. Pojavski commands popular army, i. 342. Dnieper River, influence of, i. 26. Dobrudsha Wilderness, Russians at- tacked in, iii. 148. Dokturof, sent to Charles I. of England, i. 397 ; brought before Parliament, 398. Dolgoruki, becomes powerful, ii. 131 ; incites revolt, but is detected, 150 ; sent to Napoleon, 280. Domestic establishments include slavery, i. 295. Doroshenko defeated in Little Russia, i. 397. Dorostol, battle of, i. 73. Dramatists and satirists, various Rus- sian, iii. 261. Dresden, battle of, won by French, i. 350. Dress, harsh notions of, in Old Russia, i. 297. Dkevoninski, as to religious state of Russia, i. 366. Drinking, suppressed by Anna I., ii. 142. Drujinniki, or Guards, their influence, i. 87. Duunkenness, universal in Old Russia, i. 298. Dubienka, battle of, under Kosciuzko, ii. 236. Duckworth, Admiral, blockades Constan- tinople, ii. 312. Duel, judicial, employed in Russia, i. 286. Diiroc, his plan for restoring Poland, ii. 319. E. Eckhardt, Julius, on female education, iii. 254. Edigek, the Tatar, invades Russia, i. 208 ; raises siege of Moscow, i. 208. Education, made compulsory by Peter, ii. 97 ; promoted by Catherine II., 213 ; restricted and regulated by Nicholas, iii, 25 ; public, state of, in Russia, 253 ; female, efforts towai'd, 254. 394 INDEX. "Elect of Whole Muscovite Empire," title, i. 342. Elizabeth of England, Ivan IV. corre- sponds with, i. 266 ; makes treaty with Ivan IV., 276 ; embassy to, from Boris, 320 ; receives Russian envoys, 320. Petrovna, intrigues against Anna II., ii. 155; seizes the government, 156 ; sudden death of, 166 ; fanatical zeal of, 166 ; results of her reign, 172. Emancipation of serfs, early discussed, ii. 206 ; begun in Northern Russia, 376 ; slightly favored by Nicholas, iii. 23 ; preparation for, 218 ; begun in Lithuania, 222 ; gradual progress of, 224 ; final conditions of, 225 ; influential promoters of, 228. Emigrants, Greek, to Moscow, i. 231. Emigration, as affecting local names, i. 47 ; consequences of, 49. Ems, Conference held at, iii. 312. England, and Holland offer to mediate, i. 347 ; seeks to open Oriental trade, 352 ; accepts alliance against Napoleon, ii. 278 ; curious changes in Cabinet of, iii. 86 ; refuses to anticipate fall of Tur- key, 91 ; further conference as to Tur- key, 95 ; learns action of Russia 105 ; acts with France on Eastern Question, 106 ; ministers of, reach Turkey, 108 ; awakens to designs of Russia, 113 ; and France will occupy Black Sea, 135 ; de- clares wnr upon China, 304 ; disturbed by Gortchakof, 319 ; great feeling in, I'm Bulgaria, 334 ; objects to Berlin Conference, 336; strong action of, against Turkey, 343 ; fleet of, passes Dardanelles, 378. English form exploring company under Cabot, i. 272. army, occupy Balaklava, iii. 163 ; repulsed from Redan, 187 ; repulsed again, 196. Email, law of, abolished by Anna I., ii. 144. Erasmus Handelius mediates for Po- land, i. 347. Erfurt, Conference of, by Napoleon and Alexander, ii. 303. Erzerum, Russians move toward, iii. 374; finally taken by Russians, :'>7-">. Kn.i:\irs IV., Pope, seeks union with Greek Church, i. 214. EUPATORIA. occupied by Turks, iii. 168; Russians repulsed before, 169. Europe, eastern ami western divisions, i. 17; sovereigns ")', roused against Ta- tars, 157 ; military relations of, with Charles XII., ii. 63 : attitude of, on Eastern Question, iii. 115. Evdokia, wife of Peter, sent to convent, ii. 44 ; full story of, 119. " Explosive Bullet Treaty," universally signed, iii. 324. Eylau, battle of, account of, ii. 287 ; Russians retire from field of, 288, Eyre, Gen., bravery of, at Sevastopol, iii. 187. F. Falconet, sculptor of statue of Peter I., ii. 215. Famine, great in all Russia, i. 321. Feast, commemorative, at Vladimir, i. 117. Feodor, Ivanovitch, succeeds to throne, i. 311 ; dies, ending his dynasty, 317. Alexiovitch, succeeds to crown, i. 399 ; state of royal family at his death, ii. 13. Fermor makes second invasion of Prus- sia, ii. 164. Fily, Russians hold council at, ii. 334. Finance, condition of public, iii. 233. Fish, heavy, found in Volga, i. 27. Forbes, Archibald, censures Russian ac- tion, iii. 358. Forced marriage, abolished by Peter, ii. 83. Forest, Zone of, defined, i. 28. Forster, George, as to fall of Poland, ii. 238. Four Powers, indignant at Turkey, iii. 121. France, negotiates for Oriental trade, i. 352 ; amity of, with Peter, ii. 117; as- sists Russia in Sweden, &c, 149; joins Russia against Germany, 158; civiliza- tion of, carried to Russia, 171 ; lan- guage of, popular under Elizabeth, 172 ; institutions of, favored by Catherine, 214; relations to Italian States, 253; expels Turks from Greece, iii. 40 ; sym- pathizes with Poland, 72 ; shut out of Convention of London, 75; returns to place in ('(invention, 77; answers cir- cular of Nesselrode, 117. Francis Joseph, his cruelty toward Hun- gary, iii. 84. " i''i: LNK.FORT, Basis of," Napoleon insists on, ii. 357. Frederick II., his letter to Western Powers, i. 157. of Prussia, Elizabeth jealous of, ii. 162 ; stirs up Polish affairs, ii. 194. French actors dismissed by Peter III., ii. 17ti ; troops, plan of sending, to In- dia, 266 ; army, painful march of, to Kustendje, iii. 14H ; army, sufferings of, at Varna, 150; batteries silenced by Russians, 164; capture Mamelon and White Works, 185 ; repulsed from Mai akof, 17; hurt by explosion in Bran- don Redoubt, 192. INDEX. 395 G. Galitch governed by boyars, i. 122. Galitsuin, fails in movement against Turks, ii. 21 ; driven into exile, 25. Gallicia, principality of, located, i. 100. Gallipolis fortified by Allies, iii. 146. Gambling encouraged by Anna I., ii. 141. Gazette, Moscow, its great influence, iii. 249-272. Gedimin, establishes power of Lithuania, i. 176 ; appeals to Pope for protection, 177. Geneva, Convention of, Russia adheres to, iii. 324. Geography, and history, promotion of, ii. 100 ; Russian, investigations in, iii. 277. Geology, successful explorations in, iii. 278. " George the Black " killed bv Milosh, ii. 313. Germans, invasion and domination by, i. 145. Gerstenzweig, Gen., suicide of, iii. 238. Gilbert of Lannoy, his account of Nov- gorod, i. 128. Glinka, political editor, ii. 391. Gogol-Ivanovski, eminent writer, iii. 31. "Golos," daily journal, character of, iii. 272 ; remarks of, on Prussian affairs, 317. Gontcharof, novelist, style of his work, iii. 258. Gorgey, Gen., betrays Hungarians at Vi- lagos, iii. 82. Gortchakof, ordered to leave Turkey, iii. 125 ; declines to evacuate Turkey, 127. — ', Prince, takes command of army, 169 ; holds important councils of war, 189 ; his loose policy as to defence, 194 ; conciliates Poles, 236 ; circular of, to European Powers, 282 ; made Chancellor of Russia, 309 ; circular of, to the Six Powers, 318 ; his summary of Eastern Situation, 345. Government, Russian, extortions of, i. 285. Governments, provincial and municipal, iii. 232. "Grand Army" of Napoleon, formed, ii. 324 ; broken up by desertion, 352. Greece, invaded by Iaroslaf, i. 83 ; inde- pendence of, recognized, iii. 41. Greek Church, benefits and difficulties of, i. 91 ; Emperor, ideal character of, 93 ; war of 1827, outline of, iii. 39. " Greek Project " for dismembering Tur- key, ii. 225. Greeks, early settlement of, i. 32 ; and Serbians, effect of revolt of, ii. 372 ; massacred by Turks, ii. 373. Greene, Lieut., as to defence of Plevna, iii. 367 ; as to passage of Shipka, 377. Gregory XIII. , Pope, mediates for Po' land, i. 271. Gkiboiedof, eminent dramatist, iii. 31. Grigorief, Prof., on Russian policy, iii. 287. Gkokhof, battle of, Poles repulsed at, iii. 65. Guerillas, French attacked by, ii. 340. Gurko, Gen., gains much at Plevna, iii. 366 ; moves toward Balkans, 367 ; se- vere service of, 375 ; offensive orders of, 383. Gustavus Adolphus, treaty of, with Rus- sia, i. 349 ; seeks alliance with Russia, 351. III. makes great revolution, ii. 197 ; invades Russia, 227 ; makes Peace of Verela, 228. IV. treats Alexander rudely, ii. 307 ; makes treaty with England, 307 ; nearly driven from Finland, 307 ; ar- rested and expelled, 308 ; succeeded by Charles XII., 308. H. Haiduki rise against Janissaries, ii. 311. Hanse League has monopoly in Russia, i. 137. Hazret Iasavi, his mosque described, iii. 290. Helena Glinski, widow of Vasili, no- tired, i. 247. Henry IV. intercedes with Sviatoslaf, i. 103. of Anjou made King of Poland, i. 270. III. of France sends merchants to Russia, i. 276. Heretics and fanatics oppose Nikon, i. 391. Herman de Balk, Landmeister of Livo- nia, i. 146. Herodotus, his account of Finnish tribes, i. 44. Herrmann, writer, his judgment of Four Sovereigns, ii. 68. Herzen, Alexander, remarks on insurrec- tion, iii. 19. , publisher in London, iii. 217 ; champion of Nihilists, iii. 263. High Council, members condemned by Anna I., ii. 138. Historians, Russian, works of, noticed, iii. 268. Holland and Hanse Towns, united to France, ii. 319. Holy Alliance, formed by Alexander I., ii. 369 ; hated in Europe, 396. 30G [NDEX. on of, stirred by I '. u, in. 86. Synod founded by Peter, ii. 92. Horde, Great, broken down by Khan of t i i ti i > i. 1. -:''". s Avni and others, killed by Has- . , Pasha, routed and driven from Kara, iii. '■'•' 1- I. [AGl i i", successor of Olgerd, i. 178 ; mar- : ea II dviga oi Hungary, 17i" ; removes capita] i" < iracow, 1 79. Iaguzhinski laments over tomb of Peter, ii. 128. Iakob Kuan, notice of life of, iii. "J94 ; ob- stinate resistance of, Ian Kasimir succeeds Vladislas, i. 377. " Iarluik," hi Patent issued by Khan, i. 168. roubles of, with the princes, i. Novgorod, 120 ; and Vladimir, reign in Galitch, 122; of .1 confirmed by Tatars, 159. [assy, or Jassy, Peace of, ends Turkish War, ii. 231. i. Arab writer, as to Russian jus- tice, to funerals, i. 53. Ibrahim of Egypt sdnsl Turks, iii. 71. -.. first shot fired at, iii. 350. ttle of the, wiui by Alexander Nev- ski, i. 161. [ezieubki questioned by insurgents, iii. 64. ' prince, i. f>7 : subdues 68 ; death of, ac- D on, 68; slain by the ] . 88. Imperial Council replaces the Senate, ii. English rule in, scheme to destroy, ii. 264. . int mil. encouraged by Pe- ' Allies at, iii. 167. n i HI-, Po ! by Roman, i. 124 : denounces Livonians, 1 1 1. ' v • Daniel king, i. 125 ; lei Nevski, L61 : 1 75. 1 ' '■■' rine II. promotes, ii. 212. " eovina. iii. 1 barbaric, in early times, i. 30. IONIAN Islands taken by Russians and Turks, ii. 252. Irmdk, Tunofeivitch, invades Siberia, i. •-'77. Iron-clad vessels added to Russian navy, iii. 323. ISIASLAF, deposed by Sviatoslaf, i. 103; defeated by [uri, 109 ; puts Viati beslaf mi throne, l"'-1 ; defeats 1 uri on the Rut, i. 110. Ismail assaulted and taken bv Suvarof, ii. 231. ISTOMIN, Admiral, killed at Sevastopol, iii. 180. Italy, political relations of, with Russia, iii. 310. Ii i: i Dolgortiki, disputes throne of Kief, i. 108; finally obtains throne, 110; de- feated by Mstislaf the Bold, 120. , called Second, founds JN i j i : i Nov- gorod, i. 121. II. of Suzdal, defeated at Kolomna, i. 154 ; slain at battle of the Sit, i. 155. of Moscow, quarrels with Mikhail of Tver, i. 188 ; marries sister of Uzbek, 1-'.' : invades country of Tver, 189 ; slain by Dmitri, 191. Ivan Kalita, marches against Tver, i. 191 : denounces Alexander, 193. II., weak government of, i. 193. III., or "Great," prophecy at birth of, i. 217; character of, by Ste- phen of .Moldavia, 217; marches on Novgorod, 219 ; holds court in Novgo- rod, 220; arrests Hanse merchants, 221 ; extends Russian power to Asia, 221 ; absorbs Tver and other provinces, 222; called Binder of Russian Land, 223 ; re- liefs against Akhmet the Tatar, 225 ; manages Tatar envoys, 227 ; lays plans against Lithuania, 228 ; operates Livonian Germans.. 230 ; marries Sophia I 'aleologus, 231 ; compared with Louis XI. of fiance, 233 ; difficulty of fixing i 1 1 - 1 essnr, 23 l. 1 V., or '■ Terrible," asserts author- ity at thirteen, i. 249 ; crowned with title of "Tsar," 250 : marries Anastasia Ro- manof, 250 ; besieges Kazan with diffi- culty, 252 ; invades Kim litsof Livonia, 257 : sickness of, and mutiny against, 259 : replies to Kurbski, iw, 262 ; reconstructs government, ■_'t'il: begins to punish mutineers, 264; prays for souls of his \ ictims, 266 ; calls council as to Poland, 267 ; plans of, againsl Poland, 269 ; speech of, to Polish envoys, -j 7o : founds Strelitz, or National Guard, 278 ; to], -rates Reformed Faith, mses death of his son Ivan, '27[>. Sossanin saves life of .Mikhail, L 344. INDEX. 397 Ivan VI. imprisoned by Catherine II., ii. 181. Ivanovski, discoveries of, in Russian tombs, i. 54. Japan, history of commercial efforts in, hi. 306. Jena and Auerstadt, battles of, ii. 284. Jenkinson, English Ambassador to Rus- sia, i. 274 ; enterprise of, in quest of trade, 275. Jesters employed among early Russians, i. 298. Jesuits, meddling habits of, i. 359 ; ex- pelled by Stephan Batory, 360 ; en- couraged by Sigismond III., 360 ; seek to subdue Russia to Rome, 360 ; finally expelled from Russia, ii. 94 ; terrible barbarities charged to, 188. Jews and foreigners invited to Galitch, i. 125. Job, Archbishop, made Patriarch, i. 317 ; proclaims falsity of Otrepief, 324. John Zimisces expels Russians from Greece, i. 74. Jonas of Moscow censures priests, i. 142. Joseph II. of Austria, movements of, ii. 229. JoiJBERT, Gen., defeated at Novi, ii. 257. Judicial proceedings, improvement in, hi. 229. Juries established in Russia, iii. 230. "Justice, Song of," sung by minstrels, i. 369. Justices of Peace, system of, iii. 231. K. Kadlubek, Rishop, as to acts of Roman, i. 123. " Kalevy-poeg," national poem of Estho- nia, i. 147. Kalka, battle of, Russians defeated at, i. 152. Kalmuiks return to Chinese territory, ii. 199. Kantemir of Moldavia joins Peter, ii. 108. Karakozof attempts life of Alexander II., iii. 250. Karamsin, writer, as to condition of women, i. 56 ; censure of, as to sack of Kief, 111 ; remark of, on Tatar invasion, 156 ; as to Tatar influence, 169 ; re- marks on Ivan III., 217 , opposes Spe- ranski, ii. 382 ; eminent as literary editor, ii. 391. Kars, city of, taken by Gen. Muravief, iii. 202 ; again besieged, 370 ; new movement against, 371 ; fortifications of, described, 372 ; stormed by Rus- sians, 373. Kartsof, Gen., crosses Balkans by Tro- jan Pass, iii. 376. Katkof, Mikhail, powerful appeal of, iii. 242 ; stirs Russia against Poland, 243 ; demands against Swedes and Germans, 246 ; stirs up Russian feeling, 249. Kattner, Herr, dedicates book to Ger- man army, iii. 317. Kazan, Tatar capital, taken by Ivan III., i. 226 ; determined against by Ivan IV., 252 ; walls of, undermined, 254. Kazi-Molla preaches in the Caucasus, iii. 284. Khazarui, native tribe like Jews, i. 43. Khemnitzer, first Russian fabulist, ii. 218. Khiva, unsuccessful march against, iii. 44 ; expedition to, history of, 300 ; sub- dued by Kaufmann, 301. Khlopitski, action of, in Polish revolt, iii. 57 ; made Dictator of Poland, 58 ; resigns dictatorship, 62. Kii.mki.nitski, Bogdan, head of Cossacks, i. 375 ; takes field against Poles, 376 ; victor at Khersun, and "Yellow Wa- ters,'' 376 ; sends memorial to Vladis- laus, 377 ; treats with Polish envoys, 378 ; troubles after his death, 383. Khodjent, great city of Turkestan, iii. 289. Khovanski checks revolt in Pskof, i. 374. , chief of Streltsui, put to death, ii. 19. Khrulef, Gen., fails at Eupatoria, iii. 169. Kief, city of, early importance of, i. 26 ; greatness of, under Iaroslaf, 85 ; princi- pality of, located, 98; taken by princes of Smolensk, 115 ; taken and pillaged by Tatars, 156 ; becomes subject to Ged- imin, 176. Prince of, made Head of Empire, 102. Kirghiz and Kalmuiks, region of, i. 29 ; Tatars troublesome to Russia, iii. 295 ; and Kokandians yield to Russia, 296. Klapka, Gen., continues against Austria, iii. 83. Kokandians, fresh troubles with, iii. 297. "Kolokol," paper issued by Herzen, iii. 217 ; of Herzen, great power of, 271. Koltsof, eminent poet, iii. 31. Konigsberg surrenders to Lestocq, ii. 292. Konisski, Bishop, petitions for helD. ii. 187. 398 INDEX. Koxstantin defeats Russians at Orsha, i. 239. ■ Paulovitch renounces crown, iii. 13. , Duke, threatened, iii. 50 ; flees from Warsaw, 53 ; retires from Poland, 54. -, Prince, made high admiral, iii. 178. Duke, made viceroy of Poland, iii. 238. Kornilop, Admiral, his plan against Allies, iii. 161 ; killed at Malakof, 164. Kokosttn, city, burned by Olga, i. 68. Kosciuzko, becomes Hero of Poland, ii. 239 ; makes insurrection at Krakof, 239 ; efforts to consolidate parties, 241 ; defeated at Matsiovitsai, 243 ; set at liberty by Paul I., 250. Kotchubey, and Iskra executed, ii. 48 ; advises Alexander I., 271 ; and Stroga- nof dismissed, 296. Kotoshikin, Gregory, writes against boy- ars, i. 394. Kotzebue tries "Northwest Passage," ii. 394. Krakof, retaken by Prussians, ii. 241 ; insurrection at, against Austria, iii. 78 ; insurrection at, quelled bv Nicholas, 79. Krbml, or Kremlin, its grandeur and im- portance, i. 306. KrUanitch, Iuri, elevator of Russian let- ters, i. 394. KROPOTOF, editor, noticed, ii. 391. Kritdbner, Mad., her mystical counsels, ii. 368 ; her influence upon Alexander I., 383. Krukovietski made Dictator, iii. 68. Krusenstern makes first Russian voyage round the world, ii. 394. KiJCHELBECKER remarks on Russian peo- ple, ii. 388. Kulen, Vandamme defeated at, ii. 350. Kn.iKuvo, battle of, won by Dmitri, i. 202. K i LISH, as to Poles and Russians, i. 37. KiJNERSDORFF, Prussians routed at, ii. 165. K i • i: B vi of, eloquent letter of, to Peter, ii. 74. KURBSKI, Andrei, abandons Ivan IV., i. 261 ; writes letter to same, 262 ; ele- gant and powerful writings of, 302. KuTUZOF, fights his way out of Austria, ii. 279 ; takes command of Russians, 331 ; reinforces himself on retreat, 321 ; retreats from Borodino, 333 ; retires be- yond Moscow, 335 : heats Murat at Vinkovo, 340; his pleasant ways with the army, 342. L. Lakes, Northern, deep valley of, i. 21. Lambert, Count, succeeds Gortchakof, iii. 237 ; recalled from Poland, 238. Land, Black, extent and nature of, i. 28 ; productive, in Russia, 38. Lapuhkin, Mad., arrested and condemned, ii. 160. Law, maritime, new principles sustained, ii. 222. Laws, Byzantine and Slavic, conflict of, i. 103 ; of Russia, as affected by Mon- gols, 170 ; improvement in structure of, 233 ; of civil justice, administration of, 285 ; provision for administering, ii. 208. Lazzaroni, terrible riot of, in Naples, ii. 254 ; second riot of, in Naples, 257. Learning, favor for, under Mikhail, i. 356. Leibnitz advises with Peter as to reforms, ii. 85. Leipsig, battle of, Napoleon beaten at, ii. 351. Lelevel, revolutionist, character of, iii. 61. Leo VI. submits to Oleg, i. 67. X., Pope, mediates for Moscow and Poland, i. 240. the Deacon, as to early Russians, i. 62. Lermontof, Mikhail, eminent poet, iii. 29. Lestocq, Court Physician, his intrigues, ii. 159 ; disgraced and exiled, 161. " Letter of Justice," or Laws of Novgo- rod, i. 135. Lewenhaupt, Swedish general, defeated, ii. 71. LlAPlTNOF abandons insurgents, i. 333. Liberalism, advance of, in Russia, ii. 388. Liberators, monument erected for, i. 343. Liberty, civil, remarkable principles of, ii. 205 : ideas of, demanded by insur- gents, iii. 20. Literature, encouraged by Iaroslaf, i. 86 ; rapid growth of, under Christianity, 95 ; peculiar, of Novgorod, 13S ; rise of, in Russia, Moo ; aml science, greal ad- vance of, ii. 169 ; great men of, under Catherine 1!., 218 ; leaders of, further Doticed, 22i»; active advancement of, :;'.il ; difficulties of, under Nicholas, iii. 33 ; real advance of, in Russia, :'.•"■ : turned in favor of reform, 216; devel- opment of, in Russia, 257 ; lor and against Nihilism, 264 : Russian, as af- fected by European ideas, 265. Lithuania, decline and absorption of, i. 184 ; condition of, under Ivan Iii., INDEX. 399 227 ; new quarrels of Ivan with, 229 ; forces of, defeated at Vedrosha, 229 ; Alexander of, makes truce with Ivan, 230 ; people of, robbed by Russian law, iii. 246. Lithuanian tribes, notice of, i. 174. Lithuanians, wholesale baptism of, i. 179. Livonia and Crimea, war against both, i. 258 ; and Poland, forces defeated by Russia, 267. Livonian Knights, defeated at Dorpat, i. 163 ; intercept German workmen, 257 ; make alliance with Poland, 257 ; order of, broken up, 267. Livoxians revolt and abjure Christianity, i. 144. Lo.muxosof, works and character of, ii. 170. London, Conference of, makes Luxem- bourg neutral, iii. 312. Lord Stratford overlooks Protocol, iii. 132. Loris-Melikof, Gen., retires from Kars, iii. 370 ; improves popular feeling, 383. Louis XVIII., expelled from Mitava, ii. 264 ; enters Louvre, and meets Alexan- der, 360. Napoleon, his rise and prospects, iii. 85 ; visits Victoria, 179. "Love and Fidelity," order of, founded, ii. 123. Lovtoha, village, captured by Russians, iii. 363. Lublin, Diet of, results in Act of Union, i. 358. Ludkks, Count, enters Transylvania, iii. 82 ; made Viceroy of Poland, 238. Luitprand, remark on Russian names, i. 60. Lutzen and Bautzen, battles won by French, ii. 347. Luxembourg, France asks evacuation of, iii. 312. M. Mack, Gen., operations of, at Naples, ii. 253 ; army of, broken up at Ulm, 279. Magnus, Danish prince, made King of Livonia, i. 268. Maixtexox, Mad., visited by Peter, ii. 116. Makarof, editor, notice of, ii. 391. Makhmet-Ghirei slain by Mawai, i. 241. Malakof, tower of, built by Russians, iii. 160 ; great strength of works at, 192 ; taken by French by assault, 195. Mamelon, captured by French troops, iii. 185 ; re-named after Col. de Brandon, 185. Mangu Khan, audacious demand of, oi» France, i. 165. Maxxsteix describes Anna's court, ii 142. Ma kfa, seeks to save Novgorod, i. 218 • defeated at Korostuin and the Shelona, 219. Mark, Bishop of Ephesus, defeats union with Rome, i. 214. Markof, Russian minister, unpleasant ways of, ii. 276. Marlborough visits camp of Charles XII., ii. 63. Marriage, ridiculous, of Galitsuin, ii. 143. -, forced, abolished by Peter, ii. 83. Marriages between Russians and Tatars, i. 168 ; royal, how managed in Russia, 283. Massena, operations of, against Allies, ii. 25S. Mathematicians, eminent Russian, iii. 280. Matvief, introduces European refinements, i. 396 ; accused and deposed, 399. Maurice, Emperor, as to ancient tribes, i. 59. of Saxony seeks to get Kuiiand, ii. 132. Maximilian of Austria mediates for Mos- cow and Poland, i. 239. Maximus the Greek, at Court of Moscow, i. 242 ; banished to monastery, 243. Mayran, Gen., killed before the Malakof, iii. 187. Mazepra, real story of his adoption by Cossacks, ii. 45 ; gains confidence of Peter, 46 ; tampers with Polish agents, 46 ; joins the Swedes, 49 ; denounced by Peter and driven into Turkey, 49. Medicine, jealousy toward such as prac- tised, i. 299 ; and sui-gery, encouraged by Peter, ii. 100 ; readiness of women to study, iii. 255. Mehemet Ali fails to drive out Russians, iii. 363. Meiniiard made Bishop of Livonia, i. 144. Melikof, Prince, wisdom of, as to public press, iii. 273. Mengh-Ghxrei of Crimea, ally of Ivan III., i. 224. Menshikof, acquires superior power, ii. 128 ; his ambition and greed of author- ity, 130 ; opposed by Peter II. ami I-'. lis- abeth, 130 ; arrested and disgraced, 131. Prince, sent to Constantinople, iii. 101 ; his pompous entry into Tur- key, 102 ; insults Fuad Effendi, 103 ; makes further trouble in Turkish Cabi- net, 112 ; commands at Sevastopol, 153; resigns command, 169. 400 INDEX. M i in Hants, oppressed by nobles, i. 294. MERRICK, John, ambassador from James I., i. 'Mb. Metternich gets influence over Alexan- der, ii. 371. , Prince, as to Eastern Question, iii. 131. Mezentsof, Gen., assassinated, iii. 382. Michael, Saint, Cathedral of, etc., i. 308. MlCHELSON, captures Pugatchef, ii. 201 ; invades Moldavia, 311. Midhat Pasha gets control in Turkey, iii. 339. Mikhail, charged with poisoning Kont- chaka, i. 189 ; set in pillory by Uzbek, 189 ; slain by agents of luri, 190. , of Tver, subdued by Dmitri, i. 199. Vorotinski defeats Tatars, i. 269. Romanof, chosen Tsar at fifteen, i. 311 ; opens new Polish War, 354. , Grand Duke, heads Russian ar- my, iii. 369 ; describes storming of Kars, ;;7:'>. Milan, Prince of Serbia, strong move- ments of, iii. 340. Military ait, Western, brought into Russia, i. 353. MlLORADOVITCH killed by insurgents, iii. 17. Milosh successfully rebels in Serbia, ii. 313. MlNDVOG, becomes Prince of Lithuania, i. 175; invades Russia, 175; defeats Li- vonian Knights, 175 ; slain by Dov- mont, 176. Mines, Peter arouses interest in, ii. 96. Minin and Pojarski, honors accorded to, i. 343. Mining, Russian, results of, iii. 252. Ministry founded to replace "Colleges," ii. 377. MlROVlTCH, seeks to deliver Ivan VI., ii. 181 ; executed for treason, 182. Mohila, Peter, promotes religious learn- ing, i. 365. Monarchy, Russian, nature and pecul- iarity of, i. 282. \ "NASTEries and monks restrained, ii. 93. Mongols, invade and ruin Calitdi.i. 125; power of, weakened, 223 ; power of, be- gins to decline, 254. Monks of St. Cyril rebuked by Ivan, i. 287. MONTENEGRO forbidden to join Turks, iii. 326. Mohals, public, sad condition of, ii. 168. MOKDINOF, letter of, to Alexander 1., ii. 300. Morozof, minister of Alexis, movements of. i. :;71 ; driven into convent of Si. Cyril, 372. Moscow, princes of, subjected to Khans, i. 171 : becomes centre of Eastern Rus- sia, 185 ; princes of, methods of their ambition, 186; lust built by luri Dol- goruki, 187 ; greatness ot, increases un- der [van, 194 ; advanced and improved under Dmitii, 205; gains over Suzdal and Nijni, 206 ; besieged byShemiaka, 212 ; with Poland, many alliances of, 239 ; ravaged by feuds among boyars, 248 ; sutlers great conflagration, 251 ; architectural glory of, 305 ; great lia- bility of, to fire, 306 ; joins the usurpa- tion of Otrepief, 326 ; almost all lu rued by Poles, 34U ; great revolt in, against Miloslavski, 372 ; riot at, on account of Polish War, 3S4 ; Academy of, founded by Feodor, 399 ; riot and tumult in, ii. 16 ; great triumph in, 30 ; complaints at, against Peter, 40 ; scourged by the plague, 197 ; treasures of, removed, 338 ; brandy and spirits burned in, 338 ; conflagration of, 339 ; French dis- tressed in, 339. Miund-hwellings of ancient people, i. 57. .M' r\ i \ins of Russia and other countries, i. 19. Mozaffar, revolts against Russia, iii. 299 ; defeated at Zera-Bulak, 299. MsTISLAF the Brave, bold message of, i. 116. the Bold leaves Novgorod, i. 131. Mukhtar Pasha defeated by insurgents, iii. 331. Municipalities, privileges of, regulated, ii. 209. MUNNICH, seeks to develop cavalry, ii. 147 ; and Lascy penetrate Crimea, 148. MURAD V'., becomes Sultan, iii. 338 ; de- posed and retired, 339. Murat the Tatar supports Dmitri, i. 198. ■, Marshal, enters Kbnigsberg, ii. 2! 12. Muravief, Gen., made Governor of Po- land, iii. 243 ; great cruelty of, in Poland, -244. MURIDISM, or fanatical faith of the Cau- casus, iii. 284. Mythology of ancient Russian poets, i. 51 ; Russian writers upon, iii. 270. N. N mm is amP Hanover important to Alex- ander I., ii. 275. Napoleon, wins at Eylau, but gains noth- ing, ii. 2Mt; seeks to negotiate with the Powers, 289; stirs Turkey and Prussia agaiusl Russia, 290 ; attacks Benning- senal Friedland, 291 ; pride of, displayed INDEX. 401 at Erfurt, 304 ; decides to repudiate Josephine, 305 ; joins Fifth Coalition against Austria, 308 ; differs with Alex- ander I., 314 ; plan of, for reconstruct- ing Poland, 315 ; gives Poland his Civil Code, 316 ; joins his army at Dresden, 323 ; surprises Vilna, 326 ; parleys with Alexander I., 328 ; enticed by Russian retreat, 330 ; orders forward his re- serves, 331 ; enters Moscow with army, 338 ; evacuates Moscow, and retreats, 341 ; leaves army with Murat, 343 ; masses his new army on the Elbe, 346 ; quarrels with Metternich, 348 ; pressed by the Allies, 351 ; offers the "Condi- tions of Frankfort," 353 ; makes vig- orous defence of French posts, 355 ; dethroned by the senate, 360 ; returns to Paris, 362. Napoleon III., slow action of, in Eastern Question, iii. 123 ; imperial letter of, to the Tsar, 140. Narva, battle of, between Peter I. and Charles XII., ii. 54 ; retaken by Peter I., 59. Nashtchokin, Aphanasi, great services of, i. 395 ; builds first Russian vessel, 395 ; founds the press in Russia, 395. Nastasia Zima tortured for Lutheran- ism, ii. 94. Natalia Naruishkin marries Alexis, i. 396. Navarino, Turkish fleet destroyed at, iii. 39. Navigation, steam, development of, iii. 251. Navy, rapid growth of, under Peter I., ii. 94. , Russian, becomes active on Black Sea, iii. 133 ; great improvement of, 323. , Turkish, inactivity of, iii. 351. Nawtingall, envoy to Alexis from Charles I., i. 398. Nazimof, Rescript of, begins emancipa- tion, iii. 222. Nesselrode, Count, his services, iii. 19 ; his diplomacy with England, 98 ; his last demand on Turkey, 114 ; succeeded by Gortchakof, 309. Nestor, the Chronicler, as to Russian slaves, i. 36 ; as to funeral pyres, 54 ; as to barbarous customs, 55. Neva, Dnieper, and Volga, influence of, i. 28 ; posts upon, taken by Peter, ii. 58 ; great inundation from, 395. New Code, Commission formed to draw, ii. 204. Newspapers, first one in Russia, ii. 100 ; increase of, 391. Ney saves his division, ii. 342. Nicephorus brings Sviatoslaf against Pe- ter, i. 72. VOL. in. 26 Nicholas I., succession given to, iii. 14 ; disperses insurgents, 16-18 ; becomes despotic and illiberal, 21 ; makes de- mands on Turkey, 38 ; invades Turkey on the north, 40 ; attends Diet of War- saw, 48 ; proclamation against Polish revolt, 61 ; unfortunate jealousy of, for Fiance, 73 ; seeks to annoy France, 77 ; undertakes against revolution, 80 ; complains of Turkey, 87 ; seeks favor with England, 87 ; sentiments of, to English minister, 89 ; seeks to partition Turkey with England, 90 ; his policy penetrated by England, 92 ; seeks alli- ance with Austria and Prussia, 137 ; rejects proposition of Napoleon III., 141 ; death of, and notes of character, 170 ; despair of, after Eupatoria, 172. Nihilism, beginning of, in Russia, iii. 263 ; its literary friends and enemies, 264. Nihilists, proclamation issued by, iii. 384 ; arrested and executed, 387. Nikolai, Fort, taken by Turks, iii. 128 ; destruction described by Langlois, 200. , Grand Duke, seeks to cross Bal- kans, iii. 375. Nikolaief, arsenal of, saved by treaty, iii. 203. Nikon, or Nitika, religious seclusion of, i. 389 ; becomes Patriarch of Moscow, 390 ; overcomes monks of White Sea, 391 ; . resigns as Patriarch, 392 ; impris- oned by Council of Moscow, 392. Nikopolis, captured by Gen. Kriidener, iii. 356. Nobility, titles of, abrogated by Feodor, ii. 81. Nobles, freed by Peter, ii. 111-175 ; ask privileges on account of emancipation, iii. 228. Nolan, Capt., carries order at Balaklava, iii. 165. Novelists, various, eminent in Russia, iii. 259. Novgorod, early name of St. Petersburg, i. 25 ; first building of, 65 ; principal- ity of, located, 98 ; Bogoliubski defeated at, 115 ; city, ancient, importance of, 127 ; republican government of, 129 ; throne of, offered to Sviatoslaf, 131 ; va- rious troubles in, 132 ; political struc- ture of, 133 ; methods of justice in, 134 ; works and industries of, 136 ; punished by Dmitri, 204; fully annexed to Moscow, 206 ; reduced by Vasili, 213; moved against by Ivan III., 218; ceded to Kasimir IV. of Poland, 219; taken by Ivan, and republic ended, 220; punished by Ivan, ami fifteen hun- dred slain, 266 ; disturbance at, headed by Wulk 373. 402 INDEX. 0. Oath, Yasili Shuiski made to take, t: 331- Odessa, bombarded by Allies, iii. 147 ; escapes bombardment, 198. Odyssey translated by Zhukovski, iii. 33. Oleg, second Variag prince, i. 66 ; invades Tsargrad, 66 ; killed by a serpent, 67. Oleg SviATOSLAVITCH makes civil war, i. 104. Olga, Princess, stoiy of, i. 56 ; avenges death of Igor, 68 ; converted to Christi- anity, 69. , Saint, said to be native of Pskof, i. 140. Olgeild, succeeds Gedimin, i. 177 ; re- duces Novgorod, 177; qnarrels with Po- land, 178 ; expels Mongols from Crimea, 178. Omer Pasha, name for Michael Lattas, iii. 128 ; plans campaign on Danube, 128 ; beats Russians at Oltenitsa, 129 ; fortifies Kalafat, 129. Orlof, and Elphinstone, naval expedition of, ii. 193 ; family of great influence, 203. , Count, obtains treaty with Tur- key, iii. 75 ; despatched to Vienna, 137 ; fails in effort at Vienna, 138. Osip Nepia, Russian envoy to England, i. 274. Os.man Pasha loses naval battle at Si- nope, iii. L34 ; repulses Russians at Plevna, 357 ; surrenders at Plevna, 367. Other, Norwegian navigator, visits Eng- land, i. 11. Otrepief, Gregory, character of, by Us- trialof, i. 320 ; imposture of, 322 : affili- ates with Sigismund, 323; defeated by Vasili Shuiski. 325. , the False Tsar, indiscretion of, i. 327 ; slain in the Krenil, 329. Oxrs River, alterations in its channel, iii. 288. Paganism, modern existence of, i. 42. P mm in, ( lount, chief conspiratoi Paul [., ii. 268 ; disgraced and dismissed from service, 271. Painters, eminent, belonging to Russia, iii. 275 ; historical and genre, 276. Painting not affected in Russia by Re- naissance, i. 30 I. Palace, Imperial, remaining buildings of, i. 308. Palmkkstox, Lord, protests against fall of Krakov, iii. 7'.'. Pamphlets, bold tone of, issued in Russia, iii. 171. PAPER, Russian, decline in value of, ii. 321. Paris, Peter visits ami inspects, ii. lit ; Allies reach, and reduce city of, 35b ; last treaty made at, 365 ; embassies present a1 treaty of, iii. 203; matters settled by treaty of, 204; peace with Russia gained by treaty of, 205. Paskievitch, Gen., besieges Warsaw, iii. 67 ; marches into Hungary, 82. Passoshkof writes on "Poverty and Riches," ii. 99. Patkt/L, his movements against King of Sweden, ii. 52 ; position of, in Poland, 64 ; arrested by Secret Council, 65 ; de- livered to Charles XII., and executed, 65. Patriarch system recognized in Rus- sia, i. 55. Patriarchate established at Moscow, i. 316. Patriots, various, views of, as to Poland, iii. 242. Paul 1., his curious and frivolous charac- ter, ii. 249 ; secures alliance with various powers, 252 ; exasperated with Austria and England, 202 ; his orders to the Don Cossacks, 264 ; conspiracy formed against, 268 ; dies, strangled by con- spirators, 270. Pavel (or Paul I.) succeeds Catherine II., ii. 248. Peace of Tilsit, enthusiasm over, ii. 295. Peasantry, and lower classes, condition of, i. 292 ; made to be attached to the soil, 315 ; attachment of, to soil, effects of, 316; uneasy condition of, under Bo- ris, 323 ; question of freeing in Poland, iii. 235. Peasants, free, forced to become serfs, ii. 207. Pelissier, Gen., takes command of French, iii. 183 ; his recall attempted, 188. PeROVSKA, Sophia, executed with eoilspir- ators, iii. 387. Persia, provinces of, given up by Anna, ii. 145; invades Russian Georgia, 217; Russia still at war with. 314; recom- mences war with Russia, iii. 36 ; ami ad- jacent regions, troubles in, 43. Pestel, i'"!., promotes regicide movement, ii. 390; his plans noticed, iii. 14; and others, executed for rebellion, 20. Petchenegi, barbarous tribes conquered by, i. ll; repressed by Vladimir, 81 ; defeated by [aroslaf, S3. I'i 1 1 i; i he False taken and hanged, i. 1. (the Great), made Tsar at nine years old, ii. II; ami [van, both de- clared Tsars, is ; taught by Zotof, 22 ; youthful habits of, 23 ; gets the better INDEX. 403 of Sophia and her friends, 25 ; noted for irregular life, 26 ; goes to Arkhan- gel, 27 ; nearly perishes at sea, 27 ; fails to take Azof at first, 28 ; takes Azof by intrenchment, 30 ; meets great popular prejudices, 31 ; takes supper with conspirators, 32 ; journeys to the "West, 33 ; singular behavior of, 34 ; splendidly received in Holland, 36 ; writes to Adrian as to his plans, 36 ; leaves Holland, and goes to England, 37 ; engages many workmen, 38 ; returns by way of Germany, 38 ; employs Pat- kul against Sweden, 53 ; new prepara- tions of, after Narva, 57 ; lays founda- tion of St. Petersburg, 58 ; captures Swedish vessels, 59 ; speech of, to army before Poltava, 73 ; treats Swedish pris- oners kindly, 7-4 ; proposes a peculiar despotism, 77 ; fidelity of, to Russian interests, 78 ; founds the State Inqui- sition, 90 ; seeks to divert trade to the Baltic, 95 ; stimulates literary service, 98 ; acknowledges his wife, Catherine, 108 ; reaches the Pruth, but retreats, 109 ; invades Sweden with fleet, 112 ; political relations of, with Europe, 113 ; journeys to Paris, 114 ; visits Parisian workshops, 115 ; calls on Mad. de Main- tenon, 116 ; subdues Sweden by Peace of Nystad, 118 ; becomes broken down, and soon dies, 124 ; fierce and impetu- ous nature of, 125 ; great equestrian statue of, 215. Peter, the Archimandrite, seeks death of Tsar, ii. 121. II., proposed under regency, ii. 127 ; crowned at Moscow, 131 ; dies of small- pox, 132 ; doubt as to successor of, 134. III., accession of, to throne, ii 174 ; unexpected policy of, 174 ; ill conduct of, in private, 176 ; friend of Frederic of Prussia, 177; foolish devo- tion of, to Frederic, 178 ; abdicates in favor of wife, as Catherine II., 180 ; killed by Alexis Orlof, 181. Petrof, Anton, insurrection under, iii. 227. Philaret set free, and made Patriarch, i. 350. Philip, Archbishop, executed by Ivan IV., i. 265. Philippson, Curator, quits body of stu- dents, iii. 248. Physicians, danger attending their pro- fession, i. 299 ; female, Russian ladies preparing for, iii. 255. Pisemski, novelist, his work sketched, iii. 260. Plains, vast, found in Russia, i. 19 ; of Russia, political unity of, 31. Planus Carpinus describes Grand Horde, i. 165. Plateau, great, of Alaun, i. 20. Plays become frequent in Russia, ii. 99. Pleischwitz, armistice signed at, ii. 347. Plevna, second battle of, lost by Russians, iii. 359 ; third battle at, lost by Rus- sians, 364 ; at last completely invested, 366. Poems, heroic and romantic, frequency of, i. 304. Poetry and Drama of Russia noticed, iii. 267. Polanh, united to Lithuania, i. 179 ; and Lithuania, old jealousies of, i. 358 ; Augustus of, joins Russia against Swe- den, ii. 53 ; war recommenced in, 146 ; causes of its final ruin, 185 ; national weakness of, 186 ; religious difficulties of, 188 ; agonized by religious war, 190 ; finally dismembered by Three Powers, 195; progress of reforms in, 233 ; second partition of, by Russia and Prussia, 235 ; fall of, caused by aristocracy, 238 ; last dismemberment and ruin of, 244 ; terri- tory of, entered by French, 266 ; and Russia, hatred between soldiers of, 309 ; flourishes awhile under Napoleon, 317 ; great enthusiasm in, for Napoleon, 327 ; fourth partition of, 362 ; reconstruction of, 367 ; condition of, under Nicholas, iii. 47 ; revolt in, makes progress, 49 ; conspiracy in, ready to strike, 50 ; out- break of insurrection in, 51 ; insurrec- tion in, fails at first, 52 ; sudden increase of insurrection in, 53 ; efforts to stay revolt in, 55 ; insurgents in, mutual dis- trust of, 56 ; trifling spirit of the people, 60 ; deprived of all nationality, 70 ; re- ligious results of depression of, 71 ; early visit of Alexander II. to, 210 ; hopes for improvement of, 234 ; insurrection in, gets desperate, 239 ; fighting by insur- gents throughout, 240 ; end of last re- volt in, 245. Polatski, Simeon, the Poet of Reform, i. 393. Poles, in Moscow, collide with Russians, i. 339 ; defeated before Moscow by Poyarski, 343 ; Russians make treaty with, 350 ; defeated at Zbarosh, 378 ; make treaty with Khmelnitski, 379 ; have fresh suc- cess against Russians, 384. Polevoi, Nikolai, eminent editor, iii. 27. Polianka, Congress of, makes peace with Poland, i. 354. Police, secret court of, harsh doings of, ii. 90 ; abolished, 175. Polish Succession, diplomacy as to, ii. 145 ; fresh agitation of, 184. Polotsk, principality of, located, i. 100. Poltava, or Pultowa, Charles XII. be- sieges, ii. 72 ; Charles wounded before, 72 ; moral effects of victory of, 75. 404 INDEX. Polykarpof writes history of Russia, ii. 101. Poniatovski becomes King of Poland, ii. 185. ■ , Joseph, commands Polish army, ii. 316. PoPOF, Admiral, invents " Circular Moni- tor," iii. 323. Population of different parts of Russia, i. 46. Posseyins, Antonio, Pope's legate to Rus- sia, i. 271. Potemkin, great success and influence of, ii. 204 ; honors to, after Treaty of Con- stantinople, 224 ; encouraged by Cather- ine II., 227 ; captures city of Otchakof, 230; moves against Selim III., 230. Pototski, Gen., to lead Polish revolt, iii. 51. Powers, Great, check plans of Russia, iii. 378. of the West, embassies sent to, i. 399. Praga, captured by assault, ii. 243 ; bat- tle of, Poles repulsed at, iii. 65. Prague, Congress of, agreed to, ii. 348. Pratzen, desperate fight on plateau of, ii. 282. Press, state of censorship of, iii. 233 ; daily, development of, 271 ; interdicted by police, 273 ; humorous, different sheets noticed, 274. Printing patronized by Ivan IV., i. 302. Productions, found in Piussian commerce, i. 293 ; agricultural, facts of, iii. 252. Prokopi Liapl'nof joins insurrection, i. 332. Protokol, London, signed and submitted, iii. 345 ; rejected by Turkey, 346. Provinces, benelits to, by new treaty, iii. 378. Prussia, treaty with, by Peter II., ii. 133 ; Russia becomes jealous of, 162 ; dismembered by Napoleon, 293 ; ar- rangements with, against Napoleon, 346 ; great, discouragements for, 347 ; joins Russia against Poland, iii. 245. Peuth, Russians repulsed from the, ii. 110; Treaty of the, made with Baltazhi- Mahomet, 110. Pskof, city, present state of, described, i. 110; independence of, recognized by Novgorod, 141 ; city, taken by "Sword Bearers," Mo ; poetic lament over fall of, 237 ; sedition spreads to people of, 373. l'i blic Opinion, as affecting diplomacy, iii. 115. PUOATCHEF revolts under name of Peter 111., ii. 199. Punishments, severe and terrible, used, i. 286 ; corporal, modified, iii. 232. Pushkin, writer, his opinion of Charles XII., ii. 68. , Alexander, greatest Russian poet, iii. 28. Putiatin, Count, oppresses students, iii. 247 ; appealed to by them, 248. Q. Quakers, deputation of, visit Alexander I., ii. 383. Quarantine Battery, severe fight before, iii. 182. R. Raditski, Gen., carries Shipka Pass, iii. 376. Raglan, Lord, dies of cholera, iii. 188. Railroads, Russian system of, iii. 250. Railways first introduced under Nicholas, iii. 24. Rainfall small in Russia, i. 22. Raskolniki, terrible fanaticism of, ii. 167 ; lenient treatment of, 175 ; fanati- cally oppose government, 198 ; mildly treated by Alexander I., 377. Read, Gen., attacks French at Traktir, iii. 191. Redan, English repulsed from, iii. 196. " Red Place," great execution in, i. 266. Reforms of Peter, opposition to, ii. 76 ; not to cause social changes, 77 ; as to peasantry and slaves, 80 ; as to titles of nobility, 82 ; as to seclusion of women, 83 ; as to public amusements, 84 ; as to forms of government, 85 ; as to minor political affairs, 86 ; as to extortion in office, 87 ; as to civil law, 88 ; as to police and hospitals, 89 ; Dolgorukis re- act against, 131. , in Poland proposed by Diet of 1791, ii. 234 ; begun and furthered by Alexander I., 375 ; liberal, reaction against, 384 ; promised by Alexander 11., iii. 211 ; create remarkable liberalism, 213. RELIGION of the Russian Slavs, i. 51 ; largely tolerated by Peter I., ii. 94. " Retribution," English frigate visits Sevastopol, iii. 136. Revenge, singular mode of, i. 42. Revenue, public, statistics of, iii. 233. Revenues ami living of royal family, i. 284. Reviews, Russian, prominent ones no- ticed, iii. 273. Revolts in many States, Alexander med- dles with, ii. 371. Revolution of 1741, significance of, ii. 157 ; of 1762, beginnings of, 17!' ; ideas of, become prevalent, 389 ; French, of 1848, consequences of, iii. 80. INDEX. 405 Rhededia, giant, slain by Iaroslaf, i. 83. Riazan, and Murom, principality of, lo- cated, i. 98 ; battle of, and great defeat of Russians, 154 ; and Novgorod-Severski joined to Moscow, 237. Richelieu succeeds Talleyrand, ii. 365. Riesenkampf remarks on Russian trade, i. 137. Rittich, views of, as to native tribes, i. 35. Rivers, found in Russia, i. 23 ; great im- portance of, 24 ; and lakes, system of, 25. Roman, of Volliynia, conquers Galitch, i. 123. Rosen, Gen., defeated by Poles at Igani, iii. 66. Rostoptchin reviles the French, ii. 300. ■ -, Governor of Moscow, his charac- ter, ii. 335 ; contrives to inspirit the people, 336 ; proclamation of, after Bor- odino, 336. RorssET, writer, describes fall of Sevas- topol, iii. 193. Ruileef and Pestel, republican leaders, ii. 390. Rumania, joins Russia against Turkey, iii. 349 ; troops of, reinforce Russians, 361. Rumiantsof defeats Turks at Kabul, ii. 193. Runic, first Variag prince, i. 65. " Ruskaia Pkavda," or Code of Iaroslaf, i. 84. Russell, W. H., remarks on fall of Sevas- topol, iii. 197 ; describes powder explo- sion, 199. Russia, compared with rest of Europe, i. 17 ; numerous seas of, 18 ; mountains and surface of, 19 ; White, limits de- fined, 45 ; Great, Little, Red, and Black defined, 46 ; distributed into principal- ities, 96 ; early unity of race and lan- guage, 101 ; capital centre of, changed, 112 ; invaded by Mongols in 13th cen- tury, 149 ; intestine troubles in, 167 ; laws of, as affected by Mongols, 170 ; religious heads of, at Moscow and Kief, 183 ; Eastern, gathered round Moscow, 185 ; condition of, at death of Vasili, 216 ; historians of, estimate of Ivan IV., 244 ; condition of, at accession of Ivan IV., 245 ; rapid extension of power of, 256 ; diplomatic position of, under Feodor, 313 ; and Poland, with Sweden, all at war, 314 ; and Poland, mutual attitude after Mikhail, 357 ; general ignorance and superstition in, 324 ; provinces of, troubled and demoralized, 331 ; condi- tion of, at end of Polish war, 345 ; im- plores help from England, 348 ; repudi- ates union with Rome, 364 ; Little, its oppressed people look to Tsar, 369 ; greatness of, in service of Peter, ii. 79 ; divided by parties after Peter's death, 127 ; virtually ruled by Germans, 139 ; makes treaty with Poland, 189 ; with- draws troops from Warsaw, 189 ; prog- ress of, under Catherine II., 211 ; and France, difficulties between, 251 ; and France operate in European affairs, 274 ; immense army raised by, 286 ; debate as to policy of, 344 ; and England, under- standing between, 363 ; meets contempt at Madrid, 372 ; new plans for govern- ment of, 380 ; laws of, codified by Nich- olas I. , iii. 22 ; history of, by Ustrialof, 26 ; troops of, enter Austria, 81 ; inter- feres in favor of Denmark, 84 ; publishes secret correspondence, 99 ; seeks to di- vide France and England, 107 ; fresh diplomatic efforts to conciliate, 118 ; be- trays real design on Turkey, 122 ; de- clines mediation of Austria, 133 ; ques- tions France and England, 136 ; fails of alliance with Prussia, 139 ; receives ultimatum of Allies, 142 ; popular feel- ing in, after death of Nicholas, 171 ; serious losses of, by Treaty of Paris, 206 ; foreign ships admitted to ports of, 208; popular call for improvement in, 214; territorial policy of, 282 ; facile charac- ter of soldiers of, 303 ; keeps Italy and Denmark from Franco-Prussian War, 313; feeling of, after above war, 314 ; popular voice of, against Prussia, 315 ; jealousy of, toward Prussia, 316 ; demands truce for Serbia, 342 ; moves for correcting Turkish misrule, 342 ; threatening atti- tude of, toward Turkey, 343 ; prepares to march upon Turkey, 347 ; popular discontent in, 3S2 ; disappointed in her new ruler, 387 ; reflections on destiny of, 388. Russia, army of, Swedes defeat at Narva, ii. 55 ; defeated at Friedland, 292 ; en- ters Turkey, iii. 117 ; force and position of, 153 ; commanders of, noticed, 161 ; great sortie of, fails, 180 ; modern plan of recruiting, 321 ; first draft to recruit, 322. , fleet of, destroyed by storm, i. 66 defeats Turkish vessels, ii. 229 ; taken by Admiral Cotton, 306. -, people of, combine to stop civil war, i. 341 ; terrible ignorance of, ii. 198 ; incline to liberal ideas, 387 ; apt- ness of, to learn, iii. 252. Russian, character, energy of, i. 48 ; capi- tal upon Danube proposed, 72 ; warriors disguised as merchants, 89 ; Christian- ity, sources and influence of, 90 ; Chris- tianity, moral effects of, 92. Russians proper, proportion to other 40G INDEX. tribes, i. 45 ; drive Asiatic Turks into Kars, iii. 128; attacked by Turks at Tchetat, 130 ; gain something at Balak- lava, 166; prepare to attack Allies, 190 ; defeated at Traktir Bridge, 191. S. Saardam, Peter works at boat-building in, ii. 35. Sacrifices, human, tribes charged with, i. 42. Sadko, merchant of Novgorod, story of, i. 139. Saint-Martin, views of, as to native tribes, i. 35. Saint-Simon, gives character of Peter, ii. 114 ; remarks on Russian alliance, 116. Saints made by Russian church from old gods, i. 53. Salisbury, Lord, as to new treaty provi- sions, iii. 37'.'. Salonica, consuls murdered at, iii. 332. Samarcand, city of, noticed, iii. 292. SAMOK.VA80F, ancient dwellings found by, i. 57. Sax Stefano, Treaty of, amended at Berlin, iii. 379. Schlitte, the Saxon, sent to German v, i. 257. Schonbrunn, Treaty of, makes fresh war. ii. 284 ; Congress of, its results, 310. SCHOOLS, first founded by Vladimir, i. SI ; technical, established by Peter, ii. 98 ; system of, undertaken by Alexander, 378. Schuyler, Eugene, remarks on Central Asia, iii. 286 ; as to Russian attitude, 315. Science, retrograde fortune of, in Rus- sia, ii. 385. Scriptures, Slavonic, revised by Nikon, i. 390. Sculptors, eminent, belonging to Russia, iii. 275. Scythians, ancienl barbarous habits of, i. 33. SEA-FIGHTS, several, won against Swedes, ii. 58. Seas, numerous, found in Russia, i. 18. "Secret < '(invention," by France and Russia, ii. 273 ; signed at Erfurt-, 305. Ski.im [II. deposed by Janissaries, ii. 312. Sknai e, founded by Peter, ii. 85 : re- i i iblished as a1 lirst, 167 ; made < !ourt -.1 l>'"\ Lsion, iii. 231. Seraphim and Evgeni abused by insur- tits, iii. 18. Serbia, massacre of Christians in, ii. 311 ; threatening movements of, iii. 340 ; of, defeated by Turks, 341. Serfdom, great men working to destroy, iii. 34. Serfs, intolerable condition of, i. 3C6 ; emancipation of, Speranski favors, ii. 381 ; debate on emancipation of, iii. 218; numbers and situation of, 219; their own estimate of their condition, 220 ; approaching freedom of, 221 ; how organized after emancipation, 226 ; some of, refuse terms of freedom, 227. Sergius, St., patron of Muscovite princes, i. 204. Sevastopol, visited by Alexander I., ii. 398 ; Allies proceed to, iii. 151 ; topog- raphy of, 157 ; account of city of, 158 ; fortifications of, 159 ; landward defences of, finished, 162 ; bombarded a second time, 1S1 ; a third time bombarded, 185; fourth bombardment of, 186 ; bridge Imili in harbor of, 189 ; fifth and last bombardment of, 193 ; evacuat d by Russians, 196 ; final destruction of works at, 200. Seymour, English minister, his interview with Nicholas, iii. 88. Shagan, Joseph, his account of the Kha- zarui, i. 43. Shah Indeh, mosque in memory of, iii. 292. Shakhavskoi proclaims a new Pretender, i. 332. Shamyl, leader of mountain tribes, iii. 42 : becomes leader of the Murids, 284 ; wonderful escapes and final capture ol. 284 ; dies a captive at Kaluga, 285. Shemiaka, attacks Moscow, i. 212 ; evacu- ates same, 213. Sheremetief, made Field Marshal, ii. 57; defeats Swedes at Errestfer, 57; again defeats them at Hummelsdorlf, 58 ; quells revolt at Astrakhan, 60. Shii'ka Pass, evacuated by Turks, iii. 355; Turks fail to recapture, -':;62. Ships, Peter builds, on the Don, ii. 29; foreign, admitted to Russian ports, iii. 208. Shuvalof, Ivan, promotes literature, ii. 168 : sent with Napoleon to Elba, 360. Sibi R, Siberiaa capital, taken by Irmak, i. 277. SlERAVSKI, Gen., defeated hy Russians, iii. 66. Sigismond, prevented from crowning Vi- tovt, i. 183; threatens English trade, 281. of Poland, besieges Smolensk, 336 ; plans treachery againsl Russia, 338 ; invited to enter Moscow, 339 ; cap- tures Smolensk and takes Vasili, 340. Silistria unsuccessfully besieged hy Rus- sians, iii. ] 47. SILVESTER, priest, minister of Ivan IV., INDEX. 407 i. 251 : and Adashef, quarrel with Ivan IV., 258 ; banished from court, 260 ; his " Domostroi," or Rules of Society, 301. Simeon the Proud, succeeds Ivan Kalita, i. 195 ; styled " Grand Prince of all the Russians," 196 ; encourages arts and manufactures, 196. Simpson, Gen. James, succeeds Lord Rag- lan, iii. 188. SlNEUS and Truvor, Variag princes, i. 65. Sinope, battle of, causes general indigna- tion, iii. 134. Sistova, passage forced and captured by Russians, iii. 353. Sit, battle of, and Iuri II. slain, i. 155. Skobelef, Gen., saves Russians at Plevna, iii. 360 ; hardships of, at Plevna, 365 ; brilliant assault of, at Shenovo, 376. Skoropadski, last hetman of Ukraina, ii. 50. Skrzynetski, Gen., succeeds to Polish command, iii. 65 ; repulsed at Ostro- lenka, 66. Slaves held by most Russians, i. 89. Smolensk, principality of, located, i. 97 ; attacked and taken by Vasili, 238 ; and Krasnoe, hard fighting at, ii. 330 ; evacuated by the French, 341. Sobieski becomes King of Poland, i. 387. Societies and Orders, increase of, in Rus- sia, ii. 389. Society, in Novgorod, constitution of, i. 1 35 ; minor relations of, 293 ; of the North, action of, iii. 15 ; agricultural, of Poland, 235 ; agricultural, broken up, 237. Softas, revolt of, at Constantinople, iii. 337. Sokovnim and other conspirators subdued, ii. 32. Soldiery opposed to Christianity, i. 70. Solixtkof defeats Prussians, ii. 165. Solovief attempts life of Emperor, iii. 382. Soloviof, opinion of, as to Ivan III., i. 234. Songs, ancient Tchud, deploring slavery, i. 146. Sophia, determines to become Regent, ii. 14 ; flattered by writers, 15 ; triumphs and becomes Regent, 17 ; has her seat behind the throne, 18 ; quarrels with Peter, 22 ; seeks to supplant Peter, 24 : banished to a monastery, 26 ; conspires against Peter, 32 ; stirs up trouble with Streltsui, 41 ; imprisoned in convent, 44. of Anhalt becomes Catherine II., ii. 178. Naruishkin, death of, ii. 396. Speraxski, Mikhail, notice ol, ii. 297 ; made Secretary of State, 29S ; sud- denly disgraced, 323 ; advancement and inttuencj of, 379 ; plans for constitu- tional changes, 380 ; reforms of, meet opposition, 381. St. Petersburg, decided foundation of, ii. 101 ; built on islands, 102 ; inundated by Neva, 104 ; more progressive than Moscow, 104 ; joy in, for victory over Swedes, 118 ; return to, obtained by Ostermanu, 143 ; terrible flood covers, 395. States-General convened to elect Tsar, i. 318. Statistics, eminent students of, in Rus- sia, iii. 280. Stein, German patriot, advanced by Alex- ander, ii. 323 ; and Anslett, obtain Treaty of Kalish, 345. Stenko Razin ravages Eastern Russia, i. 388 ; finally defeated by Boriatinski, 388. Stephen Batory made King of Poland, i. 270. Steppes, of Kirghiz, i. 20 ; arable, zona of, 29 ; barren, region of, 29. Stolbovo, Peace of, by Russia and Swe- den, i. 349. Stone, houses of, forbidden save in St. Petersburg, ii. 103. Stones, every boat forced to bring to St. Petersburg, ii. 103. Stratford," Lord, seeks to restrain Men- shikof, iii. 111. Streltsui, revolt of, against Matveef, ii. 16 ; surrender to Sophia, 19 ; arrested by Romodanovski, 42 ; executed at wholesale by Peter, 43. Strogoxoff, Gregory, gets lands on the Kama, i. 277. Students, Turkish, urge Sultan to war, iii. 121; Russian, trouble excited with, 247. Suffrage first promoted by Nicholas I., iii. 23. Suleiman Pasha attacks Shipka Pass, iii. 361. Superstitions indulged in all Russia, i. 299. Suvarof, Prince, replaces Count Putia- tin, 249. Suvorof, or Suwarrow, relieves Prince ol Koburg, ii. 230 ; takes Praga by assault, 243; his contempt of Prussian styles, 250 ; recalled from retirement, 254 ; his action as Marshal of Austria, 255 ; his famous passage through the Alps, 260 ; story of his wonderful retreat, 260. Suzdal, principality of, located, i. 99._ Sviatoslaf, important reign of, i. 70 ; wages Bulgarian War, 71 ; takes trib- ute from Greeks, 71 ; declines duel with Zimisces, 75 ; evacuates Greek frontier, 40S INDEX. 75 ; slain by Petchenegi, 76 ; portrait of, by Leo the Deacon, 76. Sweden, movements of Patkul in, ii. 52 ; urges war with Russia, 117 ; affairs with, get complicated, 158 ; threatened by Russia and Prussia, 196 ; fleet of, repulsed at Hogland, 228. Sword- Beakers, Order of, founded, i. 144. Swords, ancient, story of, from Nestor, i. 58. " System of the North," of Catherine II., ii. 183; abandoned by Russia, 221. Talitski writes against Peter, ii. 93. Talleyrand, plan of, to break Coalition, ii. 319. Tamerlane becomes chief of Mongols, i. 203 ; attempts to invade Russia, 207. Tashkent, great city of Turkestan, iii. 289 ; city of, taken by Abramof, 298. Tatar Hordes, dissensions among, i. 224 : broken up by strategy, 226. Tatars, or Tartars, characters of, by Chinese, i. 150 ; retire from Russia, 153 ; invasions of, results to Russia, 158 ; take census of Novgorod, 163 ; imposts of, resisted by Russians, 163 ; hold complete rule in Russia, 168 ; tol- erate all religions, 172 ; further trouble with, 240 ; ravage open country, 241 ; and Turks, besiege Astrakhan, 268 ; and other nations, relations to Russia, 319 ; invade Nova Serbia, ii. 191. Taxes, system of assessing and collecting, i. 293 ; management of, under Peter, ii. 91. Ten artoriuski, memorial to Alexander I., ii. 285. T( iikrnichef, envoy to Napoleon, ii. 322. Tchernigof, principality located, i. 98. "Tchin," or Order of Rank, fixed by Peter, ii. 82 ; table of, 400. Tchorlu, last battle of the war at, iii. 377. TELEGRAPH, extension of, outlined, iii. 251. Temperature, great range of, i. 22. Temples and priests not in early history, i. 52. Temutchin, or Ghenghis Khan, conquests of, i. 151. Terletski, Bishop, made Deputy Patri- arch, i. 362 ; intrigues with Sigismond, 363. Teutonic Knights, Order of, founded, i. I It; ; attacked by Vitovt, 182. Theatre, first, founded by Volkof, ii. 171. Thiers, M., his fruitless mission to Su sia, iii. 314. Thieves and extortioners punished by Peter, ii. 87. " Three Emperors," battle of, described, ii. 281 ; conference of, at Berlin, iii. 320. Tilsit, remarkable conference at, ii. 293 ; treaty of, general terms of, 294. Timmermann teaches Peter use of boats, ii. 23. Timttr defeats Vitovt on the Vorskla, i. 181. Todleben, Gen., ordered to invest Plevna, iii. 365. Tokhtamuish, puts Mamai to death, i. 203 ; sacks and burns Moscow, 203. Tolstoi, Count Alexis, dramatist, iii. 266. , Leof, writer of romance, iii. 266. Towns, new, many founded by Catherine II., ii. 210. Tradition as to subjection of Mordva, i. 121. Traditionary literature, abundance of, i. 303. Travel, excellent Russian works upon, iii. 279. Travellers in Russia, older, noticed, i. 300. Trebia, Macdonald repulsed at, ii. 257. Trediakovski, works and troubles of, ii. 170. Trees found in Northern Russia, i. 28. Trepof, Gen., shot by Sasulitch, iii. 382. Tribes, ancient, according to Herodotus, i. 35 ; ancient, compared with modern, 35 ; outlying, on Russian frontier, 143. Tributes, mode of exacting and collect- ing, i. 88. TROITSA, Convent of, besieged, i. 334. Tundras, region of, i. 21. TURGENIEF, writes against serfdom, iii. 34 ; novelist, bis character noted, 258 ; attacks Socialism, 263. Turkestan, government of, re-created, iii. 299; Eastern, recovered by Chinese, 303. TURKEY declares war against Poland, i. 353 ; declares war with Russia, ii. 107, 1 92, 227 ; fleet of, defeated at I 'bins and Tchesmi, 193 ; makes hasty peace with Russia, L96 ; war with, fresnly urged, 229 : seeks favor with Napoleon, 310 ; finally reduces Serbia, 313 ; shelters Hungarian refugees, iii. 83 ; relations of, discussed by Russia and England, '■''■'• ; proposal of Nicholas I. to partition, 94 ; state of, at Menshikof's visit, lot: pro- gress of diplomacy in, 109 ; asks changes in "Vienna Expedient," 120; wisdom of its Cabinet made plain, 122 , INDEX. 409 Great Council of, again reject " Vienna Expedient," 125 ; integrity of, main- tained by Treaty of Paris, 204 ; attrac- tive reforms offered by, 327 ; finances of, embarrassed state of, 328 ; increas- ing difficulties of, with insurgents, 331 ; indorses atrocities in Bulgaria, 334 ; re- jects proposals of Conference, 344 ; re- plies to manifesto of Russia, 348. Turkish Army occupies Eupatoria, iii. 168. Tukkmantchai, Peace of, ends Persian War, iii. 37. Turkomans, doubtful status of, iii. 302. Turks, movements of the Powers against, ii. 20 ; wanton barbarity of, at Plevna, iii. 364 ; agree to armistice and basis of peace, 377. Tush i no, insurgents of, join Sigismond, i. 336. Tver, insurrection at, against Mongols, i. 191 ; House of, new struggle with, 199. Tverdillo betrays Pskof to Livonians, i. 140. IT. Ukraina, hardy and free people of, i. 367 ; ceded to Russia, 399 ; Charles XII. approaches Russia by way of, ii. 70 ; Jews and Catholics persecuted in, 190. Union of Lublin, consequences of, i. 359. United States brings home Kossuth, iii. 83 ; continued friendliness with Russia, 307 ; purchases Territory of Alaska, 307. Ussum Hassan allies with Ivan III., i. 224. Ustrialof, writer, his opinion of Feodor, i. 311 ; writes History of Russia, iii. 26. V. Valdai, plateau of, great river source, i. • 24. Valley of the Dwina, noticed, i. 20. Vaxka Kain, notorious robber, ii. 168. Variagi, tribe of, traced and defined, i. 60 ; further defined, 61 ; habits and dis- positions of, 63 ; name of Russia given by, 64. Va.ina, allied camp at, broken up, iii. 150. Vases, ancient, of silver and gold, i. 34. Vasiij, combat of, at Novgorod, i. 1 :'.'.' ; succeeds Dmitri in Moscow, 205 ; makes treaty with Vitovt, 209. , the Blind, succeeds to throne in Moscow, i. 210 ; troubles of, with Iuri, 211 ; returns to Moscow, 212 ; denoun- ces union with Rome, 215. Vasili Galitsuin, minister for Sophia, ii. 20. Ivanovitgh, arrests magistrates of Pskof, i. 235 ; humbles Pskof and ends republic, 2o5 ; quarrels with Sigis- mond, 238 ; establishes fair at Maka- rief, 241 ; strengthens himself as Auto- crat, 242. Shuiski, denounces the l'alse Dmitri, i. 327 ; conspires against Otre- pief, 329 ; succeeds to throne, 330 ; makes alliance with Sweden, 335 ; ab- dicates throne of Russia, 337. Vengrov, battle of, fought with insurgent Poles, iii. 241. Venice, negotiations with, by Ivan III., i. 232. Verona, Congress of, assembled, ii. 372. Viasma, battle of, won by Ney and Eu- gene, ii. 341. Viatka, new colony formed from Nov- gorod, i. 141. Victor Emanuel, made King of Italy, iii. 310 ; recognized by Russia, 310. Victoria of England visits with Louis Napoleon, iii. 179. Vienna, Conference of, contrives pacific expedient, iii. 119 ; attempts mediation, 132. , Great Conference of, iii. 178 ; fails, 179. , Peace of, ends Polish War, ii. 147. Vikulof becomes hermit author, ii. 93. Villages and Communes, nature of, i. 56. Vilna, terror and destruction at, ii. 344. Vinno de Rohrbach, Grand Master, i. 144. Vitovt, besieges Castle of Vilna, i. 180 ; betrays Iuri and pillages Smolensk, 180 ; brings great force against Tatars, 181 ; gains battle of Tannenberg, 182. Vladimir, early character of, i. 77 ; mar- ries Rogneda, 78 ; examines all re- ligions, 79 ; besieges Khei-son, 79 ; is baptized and marries Anna, 80 ; de- stroys idols and baptizes people, 80. and Evfrosinia executed, i. 265. Monomakh succeeds to throne, i. 106 ; advice of, to his sons, 107 ; people of, subdue Suzdal, 119. Vladislaus of Poland, proposes for throne, i. 337 ; invades Moscow, 350. Volga, River and branches, i. 26 ; early civilization upon, 27 ; Dnieper, and Neva, influence of, 28. Volhynia, principality located, i. 100. Volkof, minister of Peter III., humanity of, ii. 175. Voltaire, as to Catherine II., ii. 1S2 ; close correspondent of Catherine II., 215. 410 INDEX. Yoluinski, character of, by Solovief, ii. 15ii ; famous jest upon, by Kurakin, 151 ; convicted of conspiracy, 151 ; executed for same, 152. Vorontschof, predictions of, as to Prus- sia, ii. 163. Vsevolod, ambitious reign of, i. 119. ■ , Gabriel, exiled from Novgorod, i. 130 ; first ruler of Pskof, 140. W. Wallace, Englisb traveller, observations of, i. 50 ; remarks on the Tsars, 172. , Mackenzie, remarks on serfage, iii. 223. War, civil, of Oleg, ended by peace, i. 105 ; of David of Vblhynia, 105 ; triple, arising from Peace of Tilsit, ii. 306 ; opened by Turkey at Isaktcha, iii. 127. Warsaw, Polish insurrection reaches, ii. 240 ; terrible riots in, iii. 68, 236, 237 ; invested by Paskievitch, 68 ; finally entered and subdued, 69. , Diet of, seeks to amend Consti- tution, ii. 233 ; action of, as to revolt, iii. 59 ; ruled by insurgents, 63. Widows, burning of, for dead husbands, i. 53. Willoughby, and Chancellor, sail for North Sea, i. 272 ; lost with his two vessels, 273. WlLMOT, Miss, ridicules French and Rus- sians, ii. 802. Wilson, English envoy, denounces Peace of Tilsit, ii. 295. Winds, great influence of, in Russia, i. 21. Women, treatment of, in ancient times, i. 55 ; secluded and tyrannized over, 295 ; abject condition of, in Russia, 296 ; freed from seclusion bv Peter, ii. 83. Ypsilanti defeated by Turks, ii. 373. Zalivski, revolutionist leader in Poland, iii. 48. Zaporoshtsui, wild tribes of the Dnieper, i. 368; tribe <>i', extinguished, ii. 201. Zaiuiski captured and executed, i. 346. Zhbrkievitch, writer, as to Kutusof, ii. 342. Zimkovski, eminent Russian translator, iii. 32. ZlELENTSE, battle of, fought by Ponia- towski, ii. 236. Zimisces, John, gains fight at Dorosto], i. 75 ; challenges Sviatoslaf to duel, 75. Zorndorff, Russians beaten at, ii. 165. ZXTBOK stnt against Mohammed, ii. 247. Zurich, Massena wins victory at, ii. 259. From the sentence "Toward the end of the year, " on page 86, unto the end of Chapter V., page 126, in Volume III., is mainly a paraphrase from Camille Rousset's admirable history of the Crimean War. University Press : John Wilson & Son, Cambridge. 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321 Pemphigus Poschingeri n. sp. Tannenwurzellaus. Vor etwa fiinf Jahren bemerkle der Obstbau-Lehrer der landwirthschaftlichen Centralsehule Weihenslepban in Bayern Herr Schuster, dass an den Wurzeln kummerlieh vegetirender Baumehen der Arten Abies balsamea und Abies Fraseri sich Pflanzenliluse eingefundeu batten. Ob diese sieh einstellten, weil die Stammehen kein gutes Fortkommen batten, oder ob die Pflanzen ilire Yerkiimmerung dem Ungeziefer verdankten, blieb unentschieden. Vor drei Jahren warden die Pflanzen ausgezogen und, naehdem die Wurzeln mit Asche bestreut waren, in ein anderes Beet versetzt; das urspriingliche Beet, in dem eine Unzahl der kleinen Insekten zuriickgeblieben war, wurde mit Weymuths-Kiefern bepflanzt. An letztere sind die Wurzellause bis heule nieht gegangen. Die Tannen crholten sieh allmahlich, braehten normale Triebe liervor, bis zum heurigen Jalire, in welehem Krankheit und Lause sieh abennals einstellten. Die Krankheit der Baumehen giebt sieh zuerst dadureh zu erkennen, dass die Nadeln der Zweigenden gelb werden. Allmahlich werden sammtliche Nadeln gelb; das Wachsthum bleibt beinahe vollstiindig sistirt, so dass die Internodien, dicht mit Nadeln besetzt, a u Ha lien d kurz (1 Centim. bang) bleiben, Wie beieits bemerkt, ist bisher nur die Gattung Abies (Tanne) von dem Ungeziefer befallen worden, wahrend die Gattung Pinus (Kiefer, Fdhte) verschont geblieben ist. Das Aufhoren der Krankheit mit der Vertilgung der Wurzellause und das Wiederauftreten der Verkurnmerung mit dem Wiedererscheinen der Insekten seheint zu beweisen, dass (lurch die Tannenwurzellaus ebenso die Krankheit der bewir- thenden Pflanze vcrursaeht wird, wie die Wurzelfaule der Reben durch die Wurzellaus des Weinstoekes (Phylloxera vastatrix Planehon^, mit welcher jene in vieler Hinsicht grosse Aehnlichkeit hat. Sie treten nun so verheerend auf, dass die Tannenzueht im Garten von Weihenslepban fur einige Zeit unmoglieh werden dlirfte. Die Tannenliiuse stellten sieh sowohl an Pflanzen ein, welehe in feuchten, schattigen Orten standen, als aueh an solehen, welehe vordein iippig in troekenem, sonnigem Orte vegetirten. 2L 322 An die Bestimmung des Insektes konnfe ich nattirlicli erst denken, nachdem ich mir dartiber Gewissheit verschafl’t liatte, oh gefliigelte lndividuen auftreten oder niclit. Diese erscliie- nen in grossen Schwarmen als gefliigelte, gesehlechtslose Weibchen besonders in den schonen, windstillen Octobertagen dieses Jahres (1873). Zu meinem Bedauern war ich zu dieser Zeit durch Kranklieit verbindert, eine genaue Beschreibung zu machen. Bei den ini Spiritus aufbewahrten Nymphen und Fliegen aber zeigten sich starke Aenderungen, besonders in der F&rbung. Ich behalte mir dalier vor, nachfolgende Be- schreibung seiner Zeit zu erganzen. Da ich eine Beschreibung und Abbildung dieser Wurzel- liiuse nirgends gelunden ha be, so halte ich sie fiir eine neue Species, eine Ansicht, welclie Herr Kaltenbach in Aachen nach freundlicher, mich zu grossem I)anke verpflichtender Mitthei- lung ebenfalls theilt. Die Familie, welche mir die zur Vollendung ineiner Uni- versitiits-Studien nothigen INlittel zur Verfiigung stellte, insbe- sondere der kgl. bayr. Reichsrath Benedikt von Poschinger, Fabrik- und Gutsbesitzer in Frauenau bei Zwiesel, nidge mir gestatten, als Zeiehen nieines Dankes das entdeckte Insekt Pemphigus Poschingeri n. sp. zu benennen. Die von den fliigelloscn Stammmuttern erzeugten Jungen (Fig. II. sechzehnfach vergrossert) sin cl kauin 1 Millimeter I ting und beinahe der ganzen Lange nach gleich breit. Der auf* beiden Seiten berandete Halsring ist (sainmt Hand) grosser, als der erste der ilhrigen zehn mit gemeinsamein Hande versehenen Leibesringe. Das letzte Abdominalsegment ist selir klein. Ein dunkelgraues Sclnvanzchen (Fig. il. b.) ist stets vorhamlen. Die Farbe des Kdrpers ist weiss mit einem Stich in’s Grime, besonders nach viiekwiirts. Die grauen und diinnbehaarten Extrcmitiiten und der an der 323 Spitze graue Russel sind vcrhaltnissmassig sehr lang, so dass das kolbige Elide des letzteren (Fig. II. c.) uiiter dem Bauchc hcrvorragt. Die Basis des Russels ist grau. Auf dcr Stirnc ist ein grauer Flecken mit zwei dunkleren Punkten. Die beiden Augen sind sehr klein. Die Woll- sekretionen (Fig. II. a.) an der Randeinfassung erscheinen sellr Iriihzeitig als gel&nccweisse Punkte. Die behaar- ten Flililer (Fig. III. zwanzigfach vergrossert), sind fiinf- gliederig, mit Ausnahme der Gelenke grau. Das dritte Fiih- lerglied ist am langsten, das Endglied erseheint an der Spitze verjiingt). Je alter die Thierclien werden, desto mehr verbreitert sich der Hinterleib (Fig. I. zwolffach vergrossert), so dass jene eiformig erscheinen. Sie sind sehr stark gewolbt. Der Hinterleib ist von riickwarts eingedriickt, so dass das letzte Segment nur dann deutlich sichtbar wird, wenn das Insekt etwas gediuckt wird. Die Farbe ist schmutzig weiss. Die Extremitaten, Fulller und der Russel haben die gleiche Be- schaffenheit wie bei den Jungen, sind aber verhaltnissmassig kleiner. Die kftntRandausschwitzungen wer¬ den langer und breiter. Am Rlicken der sammtlichen Segmente erfolgen paarweise grobfadige, sclftnceweissc SekretioneD. Saftrohren sind nicht vorhanden. ) Die den Figuren III—VI. beigeiugten Zahlen bedeuten die Langen der Fiihlerglieder uud der Fiihler ausgedriickt durch Ein- lieiten von 0,03 Millimeter. *') Bei sehr starken Vergrosserungen sieht man indess, dass der verjiingte Theil ein weiteres Glied ist, so dass streng genommen die Fiihler sechsgliederig und bei den geflugelten Thieren siebenglie- derig sind. 21 * 324 Von den Nymplien, welehe im Spiritus am meisten sieh iindertcn, beincrke ieh nur, dass Me nebst dcr Randaus- sch \vi izu ng ein en sehr zier 1 iehen, zartfadigen, b 1 a u 1 i c h- weissen Rilckenpelz tragen. Die zierliehen, gefliigelten Jndividuen haben einen schwarz- gestirntcn Kopf, hellbraunen Halsring, schwarzen Thorax und hellbraunen Hinterleib init selir zarten Wollfaden an den beiden Seiten. Die Fiihler haben seclis undeutlieh geringelle, kurz beliaarte Glieder und sind wie die Extrcinitaten sehwarz-grau. Das dritte Fiihlerglied ist doppelt SO lang als das gleieh lange vierte und fiinfte. Die glashellen Vorderflugel haben die Aderung der Gattung Pemphigus (Fig. IV.). Die Hinterfliigel dagegen zeiehnen sieh dureli zuci Itarallel laufende l aus. Die gefliigelten Individuen erzeugen, wie die fliigcllosen, lebendige Junge. In einem solehen Weibchen habe ieh ftinf .lunge in verschiedenen Entwieklungsstadien gefunden. Ob gesehlechtliche Thiere vorkommen, muss die weitere Beob- aehtung zeigen. In Gesellschaft der Tannenwurzellause habe ieli immer Ameisen gefunden. Reisst man Baumchen aus und streut die Liiuse nebst den Ameisen auf die Erde, so packen diese letzteren ihre Lieblingc mit den Zangen und suchen sie irl Sicherheit zu bringen. Weihenstephan bei Freising, am 10. November 1873. Dr. Georg Holzner, Prof.
Bonnie Bernstein (born August 16, 1970) is a sportscaster. She is best known for her works at CBS Sports and ESPN. References Living people 1970 births Tennis broadcasters National Football League broadcasters College basketball broadcasters College football broadcasters American sports commentators
<p>This issue only happens when I am working on anything react related. I am currently learning react native and practicing react at the same time but when I open other projects that have nothing to do with react, the issue never comes up. The other similar questions I have checked on the visual studio code git hub and here on stack overflow mostly have no answers and the only one with an answer said I must reinstall visual studio code of which I have but the same issue persists. So now I am out of ideas about what to do because it happens every like 20 or 30 minutes and it is tiring so how can I fix this?</p>
Danbury is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is northeast of New York City making it part of the New York metropolitan area. Danbury's population at the 2010 census was 80,893. The city is named for Danbury in Essex, England. It is nicknamed the "Hat City". References Cities in Connecticut
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The Pound-Rebka experiment was an experiment by Robert Pound, and Glen Rebka that was done in 1960. In his general theory of relativity, Albert Einstein predicted that gravitation would influence photons the same way it did massive particles: Photons gain energy when traveling toward a gravitational source (the Earth). The experiment measures the change of frequency of light moving in a gravitational field. In this case, the effect was a blue shift, the energy increased. Physics experiments
Fischen im Allgäu is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Fishcen is found north of Oberstdorf. It is on the banks of the river Iller. References Oberallgäu
89 Fig. 8. Die Krallen. Fig. 9. Das Haar an den Fiissen und Fiihlern. Fig. 10. Das Haar am Korper. Fig. 11. Maass. Marillengelb , auch ziegelroth, cylindrisch - eiformig , der Kopf, die Fiihler und Fiisse liclitgelb, am Korper sehr fein und dicht quer- riffig, daselbst sehr schiitter langborstig, die Borsten mit zelm scharf- randig vorstehenden Gliedern. Lange: 0,0007 Pariser Meter. Au lent halt: An der inneren Flache der Ohren des Hasel- schlafers Muscardinus avellanarius . Typische Exemplare: In der Sammlung des Autors , im k. k. Wiener Hofnaturaliencabinet, im konigl. Museum zu Berlin. 4. Anmerkung. Wir kennen s eh on sechs Arten yon Otonyssen an Fleder- mausen und haben die Beobachtung gemacht, dass durch einen Zeit- raum sich die Otonyssen in der Colonie yermehren, ihre gehorige Grosse erreichen und dennoch nur sechsbeinig erscheinen, dass plotzlicli aber achtbeinige zum Vorschein kommen. Wir konnen jedoch noch nicht mit Bestimmtheit entscheiden, ob die Otonyssen sich gehautet und nach der letzten Hautung das yierte Fusspaar sich ausgebildet hat oder ob nicht eine Parthenogenese yorkommt, yermoge welcher eine Zeit lang lauter Weibchen mit sechs Fiissen und endlich auch Mannclien mit aclit Fiissen zur Ausbildung kommen. Alle Otonyssu s-Arten konnen nur zuyerlassig nach dem Leibesliaar unterschieden werden. Anmerkung. Die Stigmen liegen bei beiden Gattungen (Holostaspis und Otonyssus ) , wie es bei den Zecken auch der Fall ist, zur Seite des Korpers, hinter dem letzten Fusspaare, in einer etwas seichten Einbuchtung, nur sind sie bei Holostaspis und Otonyssus nicht mit einem hornartigen Plattchen umgeben. 3. Anmerkung. Nur in der lebhaften Farbe (in der Organisation nicht) sehen die Otonyssen der Gattung Caligonus , Antonia , Eupalus des Koch ahnlich. Die Larve von Setodes hiera Kolenati. (Hiezu Taf. I. Fig. 12—id.} Xm Jahre 1846 sammelte ich bei Petersburg, Kronstadt, Wiburg, Oranienbaum und Peterhof, an der Newa, am Ladoga-See sehr viele Phryganiden und fand am Ausflusse der Newa in den finnischen Meer- busen bei Chrestowsky eine Phryganidenlarve, welche zu der von mil* im zweiten Theile der „Genera et Species Trickopterorum u abgebildeten 90 und beschriebenen Setodes-Art gehort. Die Larven aller Setodes-Arten unterscheiden sich von den Larven der iibrigen Mystaciden dadurch, dass ihre Vorderfiisse an der Tibia scharfkantig oder scharfbuckelig aufgetrieben nnd ihre Hinterfiisse von der Lange aller Abdominal- segmente zusammengenommen sind, daher viel langer als bei den Larven der Mystaciden vorkomraen. Wir fanden auch diese Charactere bestatiget bei der Larve der Setodes azurea Linn., nigra Pictet, und erklaren somit die Zeichnung bei Pictet PI. XII, Fig. 5 b hin- sichtlich der Yorderbeine fiir fehlerhaft. Nicht allein diese Charactere bei den Larven, auch die Charactere an dem entwickelten Insect, nemlich der Mangel der Sporne an den Vorderfiissen, bestimmten uns, das von Rambur Seite 515 in seinen „Nevropteres“ und vonBrauer Seite 41 in seinen Characteren aufgestellte Genus „Setodes“ zu er- weitern und diejenigen von Rambur und Brauer zu Mystacides gezogenen Arten, denen die Sporne an den Vorderfiissen mangeln, wie z. B. ater Brauer, Pictet und quadrifasciatus Fabr., Brauer, zu Setodes zu ziehen. Die Larve von Setodes liiera (siehe Taf. I. Fig. 12—14), welche ungemein schone Art sich als Insect von Setodes punctata Fabr. schon durch den Mangel der braunen und schwarzen Puncte an den Vorderfliigeln auszeichnet, lebt im sussen Wasser am Ansflusse der Newa, dort, wo bereits durch Flusssand Verschwemmungen vorhanden, das Wasser seicht und viel mit Potamogetonen erfiillt ist, in einem gekrummten , verkehrt cylindrisch-conischen, aus sehr feinem Sande zusammengekitteten freien Gehause (siehe Taf. I, Fig. 14, natiirliche Grosse desselben). Die 0,0032 bis 0,0057 Pariser Meter lange Larve ist ziemlich gleichforinig cylindrisch, gegen das Hinterleibsende etwas mehr als vorne vers chin alert, lichtgelb von Farbe, mit hornartigen, ebenfalls lichtgelben, nur in den Gelenken sehr zarter, fast kaum bemerkbarer Ringelung versehenen Fiissen , mit hornartigem, braunem, gegen die Rander dunklerem Kopf, Pro- und Mesothorax. Die dunkleren Zeichnungen am Kopfe sind in zwei Ringen oder Kreisen, von denen der vordere deutlicher undlanglich, ohne Centralzeichnung, der hintere weniger deutlich, breiter als lang mit einer Centralzeichnung versehen ist; die Zeichnungen am hornartigen Pro- und Mesothorax erscheinen jederseits als ein gegen die Rander dunkler scliattirter Ring ohne Centralzeichnung. Ain ersten Abdominalsegmente sind drei lange Fleisch- hocker , von denen der mittlere der starkste ist, am letzten in drei Lappen gethcilten Ilinterleibssegmente sind drei hornartige, lichtbraune, 91 nach hinten zu schwarzliche Platten, von denen die mittlere vorne herzformig, die seitlichen rundlich breit clreieckig erscheinen. An den seitlicben Lappen des Analsegmentes sind nach aussen und aufwarts geriektete zwei hornartige Hacken , am Hinterrande jedes dieser drei Lappen sitzen vier lange und einige kiirzere Borsten. Die Larve ist Ende Juli, meist urn den zwanzigsten herum, im ausgewachsenen and halbausgewachsenen Zastande gefunden worden. Originalexemplare be- finden sich im k k. Hofnaturaliencabinete zu Wien von mir deponirt. Originalexemplare des vollkommenen, mit Silber auf Gold gestickten Messgewand ahnlichen Fliigeln versehenen Insectes zu Wien, Peters¬ burg, Berlin, Kopenhagen, Stockholm, Miinchen, Genf. Erklarung der Tafel: Fig. 12. Grosse, oft auch doppelt so gross. Fig. 13. Die Larve vergrossert. Fig. 14. Das aus feinem Sande construirte Gehause. Beuierkuiigeii iiber die Battling Cryptophagus. Von L. Miller. Die Gattung Cryptophagus umfasst eine Reihe hochst aluilicher und schwer zu unterscheidender Arten, denen man vor dem Erscheinen der Sturm’schen und Er ichs on’schen Fauna Deutschlands wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt hatte; noch in der dritten Auflage des Dejean’schen Cataloges erschienen fast sammtliche Arten der heutigen Gattung Cryptophagus unter dem Namen Crypt . cellaris vereint, wozu wohl auch noch die Paramecosomen gerechnet wurden, und von den wenigen fruher beschriebenen Arten hatte man keinen klaren Begriff. Erich son, welcher eine grundliche Bearbeitung dieser Gattung lieferte, beschrieb 24 Arten, deren Unterschiede besonders in der Punctirung, Behaarung und den Zahnchen an den Seiten des Hals- schildes liegen. Nach den Hockerchen am Halsschilde und dem Falt- chen ober dem Schildchen zerfallt die Gattung in drei Gruppen. Bei einer grossen Anzahl von Exemplaren, welche mir zur Unter- suchung vorlagen , habe ich gefunden , dass diese letztern Merkmale oft kaum wahrnehmbar und veranderlich sind, dalier keinen sichern Anhaltspunct ziu* Abtheilung in Gruppen bieten. Die Schwielenhocker sind von der Punctirung freigelassene, kleine, rundliche, manchmal
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola is a province in the region of Piedmont, Italy. Verbano
Andrea Laura Barber (born July 3, 1976) is an American former child actress who acts mainly in TV. She played Kimmy Gibbler in the sitcom Full House. Before that, she played Carrie Brady in the soap opera Days of our Lives. Barber was born in Los Angeles. References American television actors Actors from Los Angeles 1976 births Living people
<p>I have karma config set up correctly, config file, running in the background, just great. As soon as I change and save a file, it reruns the tests.... all 750 of the unit tests. I want to be able to run just a few. Short of manually hacking the config file or commenting out hundreds of tests across many files, is there any easy way to do it?</p> <p>E.g. when running command line server tests using say mocha, I just use regexp: <code>mocha -g 'only tests that I want'</code>. Makes it much easier to debug and quickly check.</p>
The Neue Wache () is a building in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is located on the north side of the Unter den Linden. The Neue Wache was designed by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, was built in 1816 and is a leading example of German neoclassicism. Originally it was built as a guardhouse for the troops of the Crown Prince of Prussia, the building has been used as a war memorial since 1931. King Frederick William III of Prussia ordered the construction of the Neue Wache as a guard house for the nearby Palace of the Crown Prince, to replace the old Artillery Guard House. He commissioned Schinkel, the leading exponent of neoclassicism in architecture, to design the building: this was Schinkel's first major commission in Berlin. Other websites "The National Memorial to the Victims of War and Tyranny: From Conflict To Consensus", lecture with handout and bibliography by Harold Marcuse, covers history since 1816. Neue Wache travel photos by Galen Fry Singer, of facade, sculpture and inscriptions. Buildings and structures in Berlin
Ravigny is a commune of 198 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Communes in Mayenne
Sulaimon Maurice Brown (born July 31, 1970 in Charleston, SC) is an accountant. He was a candidate for mayor of the District of Columbia in 2010. During the campaign, he actively supported another candidate, Vincent Gray. After Gray became mayor, Brown's criminal record became public. He is being investigated by the United States Attorney. Brown is also being investigated by committees of the DC City Council and of Congress. Background Brown's father, Melvin Brown, was an Army Ranger, and Brown's mother was a nurse at Howard University Hospital. Brown earned a Bachelor of Business Administration - Accounting from the University of the District of Columbia. Brown worked as a University of the District of Columbia police officer until 2005. Brown then worked at various accounting firms. In 1988, Brown was tried and acquitted by a jury on an attempted murder charge in Chicago. Brown was also accused of assault in Essex County, New Jersey, but a grand jury refused to indict Brown. The Washington City Paper reported that DC court records show "gun charges against Brown were dropped in 1991 in exchange for Brown going to a diversion program, and a jury found Brown guilty in 1995 for unlawful entry." The City Paper also reported that a restraining order had been issued against Brown in 2007. The press asked Brown if he had a criminal record. Brown replied that he had been arrested once for trespassing at Howard University. Political activity Brown was a volunteer in Adrian Fenty's 2006 campaign for mayor. According to Brown's 2009 website, Brown "worked behind the scenes campaigning for many elected officials [including] The President of the United States Barack Obama. He has helped in efforts to get White House Legislation passed and most recently trying to get a Supreme Court nominee appointed." Brown became a candidate for the 2010 Democratic Party nomination for mayor. On June 24, 2010, Brown was running out of money because he had not held a job for 18 months. Brown discussed his financial problems with another candidate for mayor, Vincent Gray. Brown and Gray reached an agreement for Gray to provide cash payments to Brown for the rest of the campaign. They also agreed that if Gray won the election, the city would hire both Brown and his brother. Before the primary election, Brown received $44,000 from the Gray campaign and an additional $750 from Lorraine Green, Chairwoman of Gray's campaign. Howard Brooks carried the cash between Gray's campaign and Brown. Because Brown was a declared candidate, he participated with Mayor Fenty in a number of candidate debates. At the August 2010 forum in Ward 8, Brown questioned whether Fenty loved his parents. According to the Washington Post, "During the election, Brown, 40, drew attention at debates by urging voters to cast ballots for Gray and criticizing incumbent Adrian M. Fenty." Brown received 209 votes in the primary. Gray defeated Fenty in the September 14, 2010 primary, and Gray won the general election in November 2010. Gray became Mayor in January 2011. Political appointment The Gray Transition Team hired the Capitol Inquiry firm to check Brown's background. Capitol Inquiry discovered Brown's past legal proceedings in Chicago and New Jersey, and included them in a confidential report. In January 2011, Brown was hired to a $110,000-a-year job in the DC Office of Health Care Finance. Gray claimed that Brown was hired by Wayne Turnage, the director of that office. When the Washington City Paper raised questions about the hiring of Brown, he was quickly fired. DC police escorted Brown out of his new office. Mayor Gray called a press conference the same day, and stated: He’s qualified to do the work, Mark. What he did on the campaign has no relation to this. What he did on the campaign is what he decided to do. I didn't ask him to do that nor did I encourage him to do that.Turnage said that he fired Brown because they could not get along and not because of what was printed about his background. Brown sat in the back of the press conference as an uninvited guest, and spoke to reporters at the end of the conference. When the press asked Brown if Gray had promised him a job, Brown refused to answer. Brown blamed City Councilman David Catania for his being fired. Brown said that Catania had threatened to delay the confirmation of Turnage until Brown was fired. Catania denied this. Brown was placed on paid administrative leave for 15 days. Investigations In March 2011, Congress announced an investigation into the hiring of Brown. In April and May 2011, the DC City Council issued a subpeona to get Brown to testify. Brown hid from the people trying to give him the subpeona and went to court to fight having to testify. On May 31, 2011, the D.C. Superior Court order Brown to testify before the D.C. Council committee that was investigating this matter. On June 6, 2011, Brown testified under oath that Gray had paid him cash to keep in as a candidate in the primary race and had promised him a job. Brown claimed that Gray himself had ordered one of the payoffs. The City Council probe showed that Green, Gray's chief of staff Gerri Mason Hall and Gray's personnel director Judy Banks gave Gray's political allies city jobs. They did it in a way that did not pay attention to qualifications or laws. Brown was required to report the money that he got as campaign contributions. On June 5, Brown gave the press copies of money orders payable to "Sulaimon Brown for Mayor" from relatives of Howard Brooks, including Brook's son (Peyton Brooks), the son's girlfriend, and a cousin of Brook's wife. The last two denied ever making the contributions. Peyton Brooks was also hired as a $110,000-a-year special assistant in the Office of the Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development. Peyton Brooks was one of several children of Gray's campaign workers to be fired after the press printed stories about the jobs. Brown said that he received additional money orders from Howard Brooks, but that those did not have names on them. The United States Attorney's Office is also investigating. Brown said that the Federal Bureau of Investigation asked Brown about the payments from Brooks, Green and Gray. References Other websites Sulaimon Brown Resume distributed at Feb. 24 press conference Campaign website from Internet Archive US Democratic Party politicians 1970 births Living people People from Charleston, South Carolina Accountants
Peter Mullan (; born 2 November 1959) is a Scottish actor and director. He is best known for his role in Ken Loach's My Name Is Joe (1998) and The Claim (2000). Mullan appeared in cult classics such as Riff-Raff (1991), Braveheart (1995), Trainspotting (1996), Young Adam (2003), Children of Men (2006), War Horse (2011) and the Harry Potter series (2010–11). References Other websites 1959 births Living people Scottish movie actors Scottish television actors Scottish stage actors Scottish voice actors Movie directors
Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara (born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian and American actress, comedian, television hostess and model. Vergara stars on the ABC series Modern Family as "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress. Her first big English role was 2002 film Big Trouble. References Other websites 1972 births Living people Colombian entertainers Colombian movie actors People from Barranquilla Colombian television actors
Sacrifice (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 13, 2012 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the eighth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the fifth event in TNA's 2012 pay-per-view schedule. There were eight matches on the card. The main event saw Bobby Roode defeat Rob Van Dam in a Ladder match to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. Sacrifice gained mixed to positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought of the show as an, "easy thumbs up show", he would also said, "I will admit to be bored through some of the early parts of it. That wasn't necessarily due to the show not being good, but mainly because I'm rather cold on the product at the moment...Things really picked up for the last three matches. Austin Aries had his breakout match in TNA tonight. If, and that's a big IF, TNA follows up on it properly, they may have something here with Austin Aries." Matches References Other websites Official TNA Sacrifice website 2012 in American television 2012 in professional wrestling Sports in Orlando, Florida Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events 2012 in Florida 2010s in Orlando, Florida
<p>I'm using ember 1.0 pre and have a basic array controller that starts out with a default sort property of 'id'</p> <pre><code>PersonApp.PersonController = Ember.ArrayController.extend({ content: [], sortProperties: ['id'], updateSort: function(column) { this.set('sortProperties', column); } }); </code></pre> <p>I'd like to set this dynamically and have the dom updated for free. But when I do a simple setter (shown above) it doesn't update anything in my view or on the dom.</p> <p>If I need the ability to update this dynamically how can I go about it?</p>
Gladys Berejiklian (born 22 September 1970) is an Armenian Australian politician. She was the 45th Premier of New South Wales from 23 January 2019 until 5 October 2021. She is the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party. She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2003, representing the seat of Willoughby. Berejiklian was born in Sydney. References Other websites 1970 births Living people Premiers of New South Wales Politicians from Sydney
<p>Well this is puzzling, I've extracted the code from the larger SVG document, I have a starburst pattern, that I'm trying to rotate on mouseover, but I can't get it to rotate in the simplest scenario.</p> <p>Since the shard shapes of the Starburst exceed the SVG viewbox, which essentially masks it, I'm wondering if this overspill somehow disables it animating?</p> <p>Secondly: The starburst pattern stretches across the full screen, so I've put the rotation axis as the center of the screen, but in reality this is wrong, the center of the starburst is significantly off center in the viewbox. I presume that SVG numerical values are all pixels? I can just get the pixel co-ordinates of the starburst origin and use that for my rotation point?</p> <pre><code> <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="svg98" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 203.20051 203.19937" height="768" width="768"> <path style="stroke-width:1.03538" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path2" d="m -173.45154,-87.209606 h 508.187 V 219.1202 h -508.187 z" fill="#f3b321" /> <g transform="translate(1.6824406,23.526394)" id="starburstGroup" fill="#facf47"> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path4" d="M 77.726,243.157 H 18.102 L 47.914,52.72 Z M 176.639,212.265 121.723,243.971 47.914,52.72 Z M 351.802,169.996 301.424,257.255 47.914,52.719 Z M 334.954,7.784 v 89.87 L 47.914,52.719 Z M 310.645,-159.258 362.857,-68.825 47.914,52.718 Z m -183.092,5.618 59.254,34.21 L 47.914,52.717 Z M 20.744,-120.837 H 75.083 L 47.913,52.718 Z" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path6" d="m -90.807,-119.217 59.18,-34.168 79.54,206.103 z m -124.479,70.361 43.634,-75.575 L 47.913,52.72 Z" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path8" d="M -178.514,88.165 V 17.273 L 47.913,52.719 Z m 7.232,141.405 -43.56,-75.448 L 47.914,52.72 Z" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path10" d="M -26.02,244.297 -81.03,212.537 47.913,52.72 Z" /> </g> <animate id = "starburstRotation" xlink:href="#starburstGroup" attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 101.5 101.5" to="360 101.5 101.5" dur="4s" repeatCount="indefinite" /> </svg> </code></pre>
Université Laval is a French-language public research university. It is in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It was created in 1852 by a royal charter by Queen Victoria. The Séminaire de Québec was very important in setting the university up. They were the ones that funded the university and led it. This is why the name "Laval" comes from the Séminaire's founder, François de Laval. References Other websites Quebec City Colleges and universities in Canada 1852 establishments 1850s establishments in Canada
Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer that makes up the cell walls of bacteria. It is made of many sugars (or monosaccharides), and amino acids. Peptidoglycan is made of chains of sugars. Each chain has N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, one after the other. The chains are linked to each other by 4-5 amino acids, and other sugar molecules, such as glycine. References Polymers Bacteria
Kaštanka is a forest. It has one of the highest lying sets of chestnuts in central Europe. It is in a small town called Nasavrky. Nasavrky is in eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is about 25 km south of county seat Pardubice. History Jan Adam von Auersperg came back from Italy with six seedlings of chestnut at the end of 18th century. He ordered that the seedlings were planted on the north side of Nasavrky hill. This happened between 1776 to 1778. The plants were the start of Kaštanka. In passing time, the set was expanded a lot. Kaštanka had over 110 trees in the turn of 19th and 20th century. Kaštanka was made a nature monument on 1 December 1990. At that time, Kaštanka had over 138 trees. One of the first planted trees survives to this day. It was named "Knížák" in honor of prince Auersperg. The chestnut became the sign of Nasavrky. It became the main motive in the emblem of the city Nasavrky, and the flag of Nasavrlky in 1996. Main information Kaštanka is natural monument which was declared as special protection area on 1st December 1990. The set of chestnuts is on a slight rise north ward. This area is in a built-up area about 100 meters from the city square. Kaštanka is at an altitude of 472 – 486. The area of set is 1,088 hectares large and all trees are chestnut trees expect a few that are on the edge. Inspired by Kaštanka Kaštanka was main theme of many artists like painters, sculptors and writers. Some writers wrote novels about Kaštanka. Two of the authors that did this were Marie Doležalová and Alois Stanislav Novák. Kaštanka gave Věra Vovsová, Jiří Poláček and Karel Pavlík the inspiration to make art. Vovsová said this about Kaštanka: References Forests of Europe Geography of the Czech Republic
Jackson is a city in lower mid-Michigan. It was started in 1829. It is named after Democratic President Andrew Jackson. Jackson is the home town of several well-known people. One of whom is the first African-American Super Bowl winning coach, Tony Dungy. Several of the major employers in the city are CMS Energy, which gives natural gas and electrical services to much of Michigan and has its international headquarters in the city, as well as Foote Hospital. Jackson is from the Michigan International Speedway. References Other websites Cities in Michigan County seats in Michigan 1820s establishments in Michigan Territory
is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. Biography Okudera was born in Kazuno on March 12, 1952. After graduating from Sagami Institute of Technology High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1970. In 1976, the club won the champions at Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup and he was selected Best Eleven. In May 1977, the club also won JSL Cup. In summer of 1977, he moved to German Bundesliga club Köln. The club won Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal champions in 1977/78 season. In 1980, he moved to 2. Bundesliga club Hertha. In 1981, he moved to Bundesliga club Werder Bremen. He played 159 matches for the club until 1986. In 1986, he returned to Japan and re-joined Furukawa Electric. The club won the 1986 JSL Cup. He retired end of 1987/88 season. On July 12, 1972, Okudera debuted for the Japan national team against Khmer. He played at 1976 Asian Cup qualification and 1978 World Cup qualification until 1977. While he played in Germany, he was not selected Japan national team from 1977 to 1986. In September 1986, when he was 34 years old, he returned to Japan and was selected Japan for 1986 Asian Games. In 1987, he also played at 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. This qualification was his last game for Japan. He played 32 games and scored 9 goals for Japan until 1987. After the retirement, Okudera became a president at JEF United Ichihara (former Furukawa Electric) in 1994. He also served as a manager in 1996. In 1999, he became a president at new club Yokohama FC. Okudera was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame in 2012 and Asian Football Hall of Fame in 2014. In October 2017, Yokohama FC manager Hitoshi Nakata was sacked, Okudera managed the club as caretaker. Statistics \|- \|1970\|\|rowspan="8"\|Furukawa Electric\|\|rowspan="8"\|JSL Division 1\|\|7\|\|3\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|7\|\|3 \|- \|1971\|\|9\|\|5\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|9\|\|5 \|- \|1972\|\|8\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|8\|\|0 \|- \|1973\|\|18\|\|6\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|18\|\|6 \|- \|1974\|\|18\|\|5\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|18\|\|5 \|- \|1975\|\|18\|\|9\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|18\|\|9 \|- \|1976\|\|18\|\|8\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|18\|\|8 \|- \|1977\|\|4\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|4\|\|0 \|- \|1977/78\|\|rowspan="4"\|Köln\|\|rowspan="4"\|Bundesliga\|\|20\|\|4\|\|4\|\|2\|\|\|\|\|\|24\|\|6 \|- \|1978/79\|\|24\|\|5\|\|3\|\|1\|\|\|\|\|\|27\|\|6 \|- \|1979/80\|\|30\|\|6\|\|8\|\|1\|\|\|\|\|\|38\|\|7 \|- \|1980/81\|\|1\|\|0\|\|1\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|2\|\|0 \|- \|1980/81\|\|Hertha\|\|2. Bundesliga\|\|25\|\|8\|\|4\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|29\|\|8 \|- \|1981/82\|\|rowspan="5"\|Werder Bremen\|\|rowspan="5"\|Bundesliga\|\|30\|\|2\|\|4\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|34\|\|2 \|- \|1982/83\|\|34\|\|4\|\|2\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|36\|\|4 \|- \|1983/84\|\|29\|\|1\|\|4\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|33\|\|1 \|- \|1984/85\|\|33\|\|3\|\|4\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|37\|\|3 \|- \|1985/86\|\|33\|\|1\|\|3\|\|0\|\|\|\|\|\|36\|\|1 \|- \|1986/87\|\|rowspan="2"\|Furukawa Electric\|\|rowspan="2"\|JSL Division 1\|\|21\|\|2\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|21\|\|2 \|- \|1987/88\|\|22\|\|1\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|22\|\|1 143\|\|39\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|143\|\|39 259\|\|34\|\|37\|\|4\|\|\|\|\|\|296\|\|38 402\|\|73\|\|37\|\|4\|\|0\|\|0\|\|439\|\|77 \|} \|- \|1972\|\|6\|\|1 \|- \|1973\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1974\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1975\|\|5\|\|0 \|- \|1976\|\|8\|\|7 \|- \|1977\|\|4\|\|0 \|- \|1978\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1979\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1980\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1981\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1982\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1983\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1984\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1985\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|1986\|\|4\|\|0 \|- \|1987\|\|5\|\|1 \|- !Total\|\|32\|\|9 \|} References Other websites Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association 1952 births Living people Footballers from Akita Prefecture Japan international footballers Japanese football managers Japan Soccer League players JEF United Chiba players
<p>Migrated a VS2010 project into VS2019 Community, went well except for 640 errors similar to this:</p> <blockquote> <p>Error BC30451 'CommandType' is not declared. It may be inaccessible due to its protection level.</p> </blockquote> <p>If I include <code>Imports System.Data</code> the error in that module goes away, however the imports statement is dimmed and the IDE says it is unnecessary. If I add <code>Data.CommandType</code> the error also goes away, but then the IDE suggests that <code>Data.</code> in unnecessary.</p> <p>In project properties -> references -> Imported Namespaces, System.Data is checked.</p> <p>In VS2010 the System.Data namespace was apparently global to my project since I did not need to import it in each module, and it looks like VS2019 is trying to do the same. I don't mind having to import the namespaces but the IDE is giving me conflicting information.</p> <p>Is this a known issue or do I need to make a change to some global setting in my project?</p>
Daisuke Yoneyama (born 10 June 1982) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics \|- \|2001\|\|rowspan="2"\|Cerezo Osaka\|\|J. League 1\|\|1\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|1\|\|0 \|- \|2002\|\|J. League 2\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|2003\|\|Sagan Tosu\|\|J. League 2\|\|23\|\|2\|\|0\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|23\|\|2 \|- \|2004\|\|rowspan="2"\|Cerezo Osaka\|\|rowspan="2"\|J. League 1\|\|3\|\|1\|\|0\|\|0\|\|2\|\|0\|\|5\|\|1 \|- \|2005\|\|7\|\|1\|\|0\|\|0\|\|3\|\|0\|\|10\|\|0 \|- \|2005\|\|rowspan="2"\|Rosso Kumamoto\|\|Regional Leagues\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|0\|\|0 \|- \|2006\|\|Football League\|\|19\|\|4\|\|0\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|19\|\|4 \|- \|2007\|\|rowspan="2"\|Zweigen Kanazawa\|\|rowspan="2"\|Regional Leagues\|\|13\|\|8\|\|3\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|16\|\|8 \|- \|2008\|\|13\|\|2\|\|2\|\|0\|\|colspan="2"\|-\|\|15\|\|2 79\|\|18\|\|5\|\|0\|\|5\|\|0\|\|89\|\|18 79\|\|18\|\|5\|\|0\|\|5\|\|0\|\|89\|\|18 1982 births Living people Footballers from Mie Prefecture
Cassiopeia is a constellation in the northern sky. It was named after a queen in Greek mythology called Cassiopeia. It looks like a letter W or M, with five bright stars that make the W or the M shape. It has two very bright stars called ρ Cas and V509 Cas. In 1572, a supernova called Tycho's Star, or SN 1572, was seen in Cassiopeia by many people. Constellations Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Hugh Keays-Byrne (18 May 1947 – 2 December 2020) was an English-Australian actor and movie director. He moved to Australia in 1973. He was known for his roles as Toad in the 1974 movie Stone, Toecutter in the 1979 movie Mad Max, and Immortan Joe in the 2015 movie Mad Max: Fury Road. He was born in Srinagar, then-British India. Keays-Byrne died on 2 December 2020 at a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales at the age of 73. References Other websites Hugh Keays-Byrne at Theatricalia. 1947 births 2020 deaths English movie actors English television actors English stage actors English voice actors English movie directors Australian movie actors Australian television actors Australian stage actors Australian voice actors Australian movie directors Naturalised citizens of Australia
The City of Fruita (pronounced /ˈfruːtə/) is a city located in western Mesa County, Colorado, United States. It is bordering Colorado River on the southern edge of town. The population was 12,646 at the 2010 census. It was incorporated in 1894. References Other websites City of Fruita official website Cities in Colorado 1894 establishments in the United States 1890s establishments in Colorado
<p>I have a class and it has 11 properties (most are inherited). I don't quite like passing in 11 parameters. I know I could create a <code>ModelBuilder</code> class and do the following:</p> <p><code>new ModelBuilder().WithProp1(prop1).WithProp2(prop2).Build();</code> </p> <p>But I was thinking of only one method generic enough to accept a <code>Func</code> which you can then specify the prop to assign:</p> <pre><code>public Car With<TOut>(Func<Car, TOut> lambda) { lambda.Invoke(this); return this; } </code></pre> <p>Usage:</p> <pre><code>var car = new Car() .With(x => x.VehicleType = "Sedan") .With(x => x.Wheels = 4) .With(x => x.Colour = "Pink") .With(x => x.Model = "fancyModelName") .With(x => x.Year = "2007") .With(x => x.Engine = "Large") .With(x => x.WeightKg = 2105) .With(x => x.InvoiceNumber = "1234564") .With(x => x.ServicePlanActive = true) .With(x => x.PassedQA = false) .With(x => x.Vin = "blabla"); </code></pre> <p>This seems to work. My question: is there anything I'm missing here in terms of implementation (barring the obvious - dragging this method to an interface or helper class)? Are there any gotchas that may surface with this implementation that I am overlooking? </p>
Muotathal is a village and a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The eponymous valley, the Muotatal, is formed by the Muota, which joins Lake Lucerne at Brunnen. Geography The village is in the valley of the river Muota, the Muotatal, with which it shares the name. The municipality is located in a series of valleys on the eastern edge of the canton, on the borders with the cantons of Uri and Glarus. It is the 10th largest municipality by area in Switzerland. The municipality includes the entry site of the Hölloch, which at over 200 km is the longest cave in Switzerland, and the second-longest in Europe. Localities Villages Muotathal Schachen Wil Hinterthal Bisisthal Hamlet Ried Alps Glattalp Toralp Charetalp Goldplangg References Other websites Official website Municipalities of Schwyz Villages in Schwyz
<p>My code:</p> <pre><code>void checkState() async { print("CTC"); var url = "http://localhost:3000"; try { var respX = await http.get(url); } catch (err) { print("response Arrived: $err"); } } </code></pre> <p>But it is not possible: <a href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/43015#issuecomment-543835637" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/43015#issuecomment-543835637</a></p> <p>I am using google chrome for debugging. simply pasting <a href="http://localhost:3000" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://localhost:3000</a> allows me to connect to the URL from the same browser.</p> <p>Is there any way to do it?</p>
Nuristanis are an ethnic group living in the Hindu Kush areas mainly in Nuristan Province in eastern Afghanistan, whose languages are from the Indo-Iranian branch known as Nuristani languages. Related pages Nuristani languages Kalash people Nuristan Province References http://countrystudies.us/Nuristani Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
<p>In my view, I have a textfield setup to display <a href="http://gprince.yolasite.com/resources/Phone%20Pad.jpg" rel="nofollow">the Phone Keyboard</a>, but it just shows <a href="http://ipadnotebook.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/number-keys.png" rel="nofollow">the standard keyboard</a> instead. Here's my code...</p> <pre><code> contactPhoneTextField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:frameText]; contactPhoneTextField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleNone; contactPhoneTextField.textColor = [UIColor blackColor]; contactPhoneTextField.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:17.0]; contactPhoneTextField.placeholder = @"Tap To Enter Contact Phone Number"; contactPhoneTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; contactPhoneTextField.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo; contactPhoneTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypePhonePad; //<<<---- contactPhoneTextField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone; contactPhoneTextField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing; contactPhoneTextField.delegate = self; </code></pre> <p>What gives?</p> <p>Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!</p>
YSTYRIAETHAU, MOK AÍRESYMOL YW MEDDWL YN DDÌBÍẄ . AM DDUW, ’ - KA r,RW01IACH YN ÉI EttBYN ; Yr hwn sydd nìd yn unig wedi arbed Dial ' fy Nghorph a’m Henaid, ' OND ( YN FY LUYYTHO BEUNYDD À DÀÍÖNL ; GAẀ EDWARD JONES. AhertfStiüyth-. Argraff'wÿdganJamesa lViiliams, — J8i P A hám y meddyiiaf mor gnawdol, Mor gâled, mor ddynol, am Dduw^,; Sy’ i’m nöddi gan ddodi’n ddi-ddadl, Bob munud, fy anadl im’fyw ? - * Mae ’n rhoddi i’m fara beunyddioí, A hwaw’n'ddigonoì î gyd ; A gwîsgoedd am danaf er clydwch, Sy’n peri i mí harddwch o hyd. Fe roes i mi gartre ’i breswylio, Do, rhag i mi g’rwydro dan groes, O ardal, i ardaî, heb gymhorth, I gasglu fy yraboríh, drwy Poes,- Gailasai fy ngadael yn g’rwydryn, 0igysur, noethlymun h thlawd, Yîi adyn gwaeì, gẁríhyn a gwarthüs, F’ai ’n 'wrthddrych ànweddus o wiwd., Wef) tiientyn nc etíieao, ona y miHawT ry aitrnyaeoa .7 Gaîjasaî roi ’nghorpb mor anafus, Fei y b’asai’n g’wilyddus mewn gwlad, A’m mam yn ŵylofain o’m plegid, A beunydd yn oíid i ’nhad: Fe ali’saí fy ngwneuthur mor wrtbun, Fel y b’aswn yn ddychryn iV ddau, Yn lie rhoi magwraeth a'm caru, Troi’r ddau i gyd’Sŷnu, a’m casau* Gallasai fy rhot yn noeth-lymun, Heb wisgoedd, un breíyn, o’r bru : A rhoddí gwahanglwyf í’m canlyn, Heb un-dyn i’m defbyn i dŷ ; A’m' gadäel fèl bẁysffîi gẅehẅyriîg, Neu ddyn gwrthodedîg ar dîr, Am cenedl yn gŵyro, rhag aros 1 f’ ariadl yn âgòs, yn hîr. Gallasai ’m rhöi’n liwyr yn un íiöeri\| Na chawswn mẅy feddyg yn f’oes ; A rhoddî cas goíic ysgeier, l’m nyclm, gan Iymder ei Idès ; A’r diafol i'ẃ troehì mewn trachwânt, Pe cawswm fy haeddiant fy hun, Nes myned, mewn agwedd gythreuiig Ÿn fwy melîdigedîg nag uri, Gallasai ’Nghreawdwr dî-gymmaf Fy ngwneuthur yn fyddar, neu ’n fyc Neu’n ddall, a f’aeîodari’n ffaeledig, Gan barlys gwywedlg i gyd, Na chawswu na golwg, na theimlad,' Na chlyw, nac arogliad, na grym, Oad rhyw-fan yn boenus i’m beoöydd, Nlì wiiaetbwn iaẅn ddefnydd o dëirn. D'iau y gallasài fy ngosod Yn nôd atgas hynod i’w sâéth ; Troi pob-peth i f’ erbyni heb Parbed ; Ond rhyfedd gynŵîíed y gwnaeth î Gallasií droi pawb yn ely'tifon, Yn fychain a mawrìon, ì röì; Na Gbawswn lonyddwch, na chysur, Cyfeillion, na bródyr, na brì. Mi wn y gailasai ’m ad neföí Fy rhoddi yn holî'ûi dáyn hurt, Nad all’sìd fy rhwytíio, na'’rríî íhewyiî, A gwdyn, na chadWyn, na éhŷrt; A goilwng ilêng ddiíìas ô ddìaíìiaidj I’m poeni, fy Ìlon-aid, y'n iiií, Na chawswn uti niunud^diogéi. Na myried yn dawcl i df. Gaihsai roi arnaf ahechyd, ^ Drwy'r ddaear na welsîtf ríía'’i w'iéfh; Ni Ghawswn eímwythder na chýsur, Ond gorwedd* mewh gwewyr y'n gaeti A meildith Dúw ynof yn ennyn, (Fel tân ŷn fy erbỳn, trẁy f’oes)’ I'w phrofi', a’i gwei’d y’mhob cörae], Fel iefain yn nhwrnel fy ritìóes, Os aethwn iYmícs, yn ormesol Y bhswn, gan bobi y byd; Osaethwn i’í ddiiaas, oddi yno^ Y b’asent i’m gwthio i gyd ; Heb öientyn ntc etíîeaa, ©na y n ^iraawr ry anrnyaeGo Os aethwn ya àgos i’m cenedl, Ni chawswn un tawei le têg; Mi f’aswn, o fewn, ac oddi allân, O gwmpas fy nhiigfan, yn rhêg. Mi haeddais gael melldith a thrallod, A cherydd, i dd’od oddiwrth Dduw, Ar waith fy nwy law, a ’niíëai, Ac am llwyr ddifethai o fyw ; Neu haint, mewn digofaint, yn gafaeJ Nes dîfa fy hoedl trwy hyn, A darfodedigaeth i’m dygyd 1 glefyd pesychlyd yn syn. Galiàsai roí ’r cryd poeth, a llosgfa, Trwy f’esgyrn a ’nghylla ynghyd, Na b'asai i mi obaith am seibiant, Na phleser, na mwyniant o ’myd: Gallasai roi arnaf gynddaredd, A’m gwnaethai mor chwerwaidd a chi, A droesai bob un o’m cydnabod I ofni cyfarfod â fi. Pe ’m rhoisai i fyw mewn lie aniai, Sef ardaí, heb attal, raor bosth ,* . Líe b’aswn yn wyllt ar hyd coedydd, Yn Bagan armedwydd, yn noeth; A’m trîgfa y’mhlith y Barbariaid, ’N addoii cythreuliaid, caeth rai, Nid all’swn ddweyd gair yn ei erbyn, Na gwel’d arno fymryn o fai, Gaiiasai roî’r plant a genedlais, Y modd y crybwyüais, bob un; T [ 5 i à hyn fasai ’n cnoi fy nghydwybod, 0 herwydd fy mhechod fy bun: Eu clywed, eu gweled, a’u gwylio, Beth fasai ’m f arteithio’n fwy tost? Fe f’âsai ’n darostwng fy uchder, Fy ’scafnder, fy malçhder, a’m most! Gallasai roi newyna phrinder, I Tm dal gyda dwysder mor dŷn, Fel y b’asaí mhlant byehain, di-gymhcríii, I’m coludd yn ymborth, cyn hyn: Ahn gwraig, fu ’n eu dwyn, yn cyd-uno Llabuddîo, nèu bwyo ’n rhai bach, 1 gynnal (er maint eu wylofaio) Eìn bywyd ein hunain yn iach. Gallasai roi mblant mewn carcharau, Yn rhwym mewn gefynau, heb fwyd; A’r newyn fel ciedd i’w coluddion, A’u gruddiau’n wael, ìlymìon, a liwyd;^ Heb obaith am ŵr i roi ’mwared Ö’u gofíd, er gweled eu gwae: Gogoniant, gogoniant a ganaf, Nid felly ’nawr, meddaf, y maeî Heb íaw ’r pethau hyncd a henwais, Vn rhagor a haeddais na hyn ; Fy rhoddi dan boen annibeno!, Yn ngharchar y diafoi, yn dýn ; A hwnw’n myn’dboethach,bythbythoedd, Â’r nefoedd yn gyhoedd mewn gŵg, I mi’n tywaìit eithaf meìldithîon, ?n fílimüii tán mâ.wîîon,>a mŵg. Heb bientyn nsc etiîeao, ono y n ^raawr ry aurnyaeeö r/ Mi ádemis o’r grôîh yn droserfdwr, Mewn cyfíwr nidwr Iẁgr, mor lawn, Heb genyf nac ’wylìys, na thuedé, At ddini ond a’iwiriedd yn iawn ; Ac wedi i mi dd’od i farntíoli, Mi ’mdio'is mewn budreddi mor diwm, '' Trugaredd nad wyf yn ddamnedig., Yn adyn coLedig a llwm. L Rhyfygais yn ngwyneb bygythiôa Deddf union, lân, dirion a da, I bechu yn rhy wyneb uchel, Pei maich ffôi, i ryfel yr à ; “ Er bod ei beryglon mor egìur, ^ Ni ddyc'hwel o’r fiwydr heb friw ; ’* ’R un modd y gwne’s innau’rr gamsyniol,.í , Heb ofoi na didfol, na Duw. { M' dreuliais hoM ddyddiau fy i'engcfid, I garu f’dflendid, a’i flds; ’D jedd nemawr, yn mysg fy nghyfoedioö^ Ác amynt argoeliow mur gas: Cdei gwiat.do gair Duw, er yn Blentyn, Heb adaei un mymryn o ’mai; ^ Yn lle bod ar lawr, yn dolurio, 'i Ymchwyddo a dringo’n ddndrai. r MdC’n rhyfedd nad ydwyf, cyn heddyw,' Yn bridd ac yn lludw ’n y jlawr1? A rhyfedd nad wyf gyda Deií'as, Mewn fflamau tân eirias yn äwr î ^ Yn ŵyiü mewn pydew di-waeiod, J Am oeri íy nhaíod, cyn hyn, i r 1 ] Heb obaith cael gwrando fy ngweddl, A’rn henaid yn llosg.i ’n y ílyn. Nid oes un creadur ffieMdiach, O! faint furn yn r\’/gnach erioed, Yn erbyn mawrhydi ’Nghreawdwr, Cynnaliwr a barnwr pob oed ! Gwrth’nebars hoü drefn ei Iywodraeth, Rhaglunîaeth, a1 arfaeth o hyd; Galaraìs na b’asai gorch’mynion Duw union, yn geimion i gyd, Meddyiiais yn fynych, fod tuedd, Yn Nuw y gẅirionedd, at rai, í roi i’r rhai goreu drugaredd, Am fod grym eu llygredd yn ílai: Fel yma, maith-rwyfa ’ngwrthryfel, I’w erbyn fel cythrâul blîn câs; Er hyny mae E’n para i gynnyg, I mi yn garedig, ei râs. Nid oedd genyf haẃí i friẃsîonyn O fara, neu ddefnyn o ddẅ’r, Nadìiiad i wisgo fy hunan ; Mwy näg béJd gari Satarí ýn si'wr; Mi werthais fy hawl i bpb bendith, I bryríu pob melìditb, beb raîd: Er hyny berídithîon sydd ettó Yn parâ i rfdylifo’n ddi-laid. Y clôd, yr anrhydedd, a’r moliant, I Dduw, a’r gogonîant i gyd ; ' Ni chefais un aeíod anweddus', Ond pob un yn hwylus o hyd: Web blentyn nstc etííeaa, ona y n ^mawr ry aijrnyacaa :/ [ 8 ] Kí bu fawr anhŵyl yn fy nheulu, Mae rhai ’n yn cynnyddu mewn oed; N. chafodd breswylio’n fy nghaban Ond ’chydg o ruddfan erioed. Ce's drigfan mewn man morddymunol, Gwlad siriol, ddyffrynol, dda’i ffrwyth; Gwlad iawn o fendithìon tymhorol, Gynnyrchiol, a llcsol ei liwyth ; Gwlad lle mae pregethu’r Efengyl, Yn syrnl, yn f’ ymy), trwy f’ oes; I’m gwneyd yn ddyn di-dwyll, cadwedig ’Rin moddion,dim diffyg nid ocs, C::’s fesur o synwyr cysonol, Fel ihai yn gyffredinol; a dawn, I drín fy ihaterion naturioi, Gan wel’d wrth ba reol yr awn; Gallasai ’r Tàd nefol fy nifa, Neu’m gwnëyd yr ynfyta’ sy ’n fyw; Gan hyny, pob bendìth a feddaf, A ge’s, mi addefaf, gan Dduw. Benddhìon, a rhoddion, na haeddais, Yw ’r cwbl a gefais i gyd : Melldithion tra chyfiawn ni chefaîs, Sy ’n bethau a haeddáiso hyd ; Mi wn fod tíUgaredd ddiTesur, A chariad, yn natur fy Nuw, Yn cadw’r fath adyn truenus, 'tín gwarthus, anfoddus, yn fy DiwieD.
A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1951 movie. It is based on the 1947 play by Tennessee Williams. The movie stars Marlon Brando and Vivien Leigh. Other websites Plays 1951 drama movies American drama movies United States National Film Registry movies Multilingual movies Movies directed by Elia Kazan
<p>currently when I deploy enterprise modules manually, their remote EJBs are null (not injected). When I deploy via NetBeans ide, RMI is someway setup and EJBs are injected. My question is what needs to be configured in Glassfish (2.x) so I could deploy modules manually, not via ide.</p>
Gabriel Guarda (born Fernando Guarda Geywitz; 19 January 1928 – 23 October 2020), was a Chilean historian and architect. He was part of the editorial committee of the journal Historia after it was created in 1961. In 1984 he received the Chilean National History Award. Guarda was born in Valdivia, Chile. He studied architecture at the Catholic University of Chile. Guarda died on 23 October 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 92. References 1928 births 2020 deaths Chilean writers Architects Chilean historians
<p>I am working on dynamic form building in Angular 6, currently I have three controls drop-down, multi-drop-down and input field. These fields used as filters to load reports and according to requirements report can be open with some default selected values.<br> Many of the filters set if I set the selectedValue in drop-down control but some of drop-down default selected value is zero which is not getting set by default</p> <p>Here is how I set default values in Dynamic Control Base</p> <pre><code> getReportControls(prompts) { const promptControls: DynamicControlBase<any>[] = []; for (let i = 0; i < prompts.length; i++) { const defaultValue = this.getDefaultSelectedValue(prompts[i]); if (prompts[i].PromptControlType === 'dropdown' \|\| prompts[i].PromptControlType === 'dropdown-multiple') { promptControls.push(new DropdownDynamic({ key: prompts[i].PromptKey, label: prompts[i].PromptLabel, options: prompts[i].PromptData, order: prompts[i].PromptOrder, controlType: prompts[i].PromptControlType, controlID: prompts[i].ComponentPromptID, required: prompts[i].IsPromptRequired, dataSource: prompts[i].PromptDataSource, parameterName: prompts[i].PromptParameterName, visible: true, mstrKey: prompts[i].PromptMSTRKey, onLoadPopulate: prompts[i].IsLoadPopulated, spParameterCount: prompts[i].PromptSPParameterCount, value: defaultValue, selectedValue: defaultValue })); } } return promptControls; } </code></pre> <p>Above method create dynamicFormControls object which further used by this, <strong>selectedValue</strong> property work for every default value other than zero.<br> <strong>prompts</strong> come from db based on which form controls are made and in case of zero default value is integer and drop-down key value pair is also integer </p> <p>Here is how dynamic Form Builder</p> <pre><code><div> <form (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()" [formGroup]="form"> <div class="mdl-grid"> <div mat-list-item ngFor="let dynamicFormControl of dynamicFormControls" class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col"> <dynamic-form-control [dynamicFormControl]="dynamicFormControl" [form]="form"></dynamic-form-control> </div> <div mat-list-item class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col"> <button mat-stroked-button class="whiteBtn" type="submit" [disabled]="!form.valid">View Report</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </code></pre> <p>And this how each control get Render</p> <pre><code><div [formGroup]="form"> <div [ngSwitch]="dynamicFormControl.controlType"> <mat-form-field class="mb10" ngSwitchCase="'textbox'"> <mat-label [attr.for]="dynamicFormControl.key">{{ dynamicFormControl.label }}</mat-label> <input [formControlName]="dynamicFormControl.key" [id]="dynamicFormControl.key" [type]="dynamicFormControl.type" [required]="dynamicFormControl.required" /> </mat-form-field> <mat-form-field ngSwitchCase="'dropdown'"> <mat-label [attr.for]="dynamicFormControl.key">{{ dynamicFormControl.label }}</mat-label> <mat-select [id]="dynamicFormControl.key" [formControlName]="dynamicFormControl.key" [required]="dynamicFormControl.required" (selectionChange)="selectedValueChanged($event, dynamicFormControl)"> <mat-option ngIf="!dynamicFormControl.required" selected>None</mat-option> <mat-option ngFor="let opt of dynamicFormControl.options" [value]="opt.Prompt_Key"> {{opt.Prompt_Name}} </mat-option> </mat-select> <mat-error ngIf="!isValid">{{ dynamicFormControl.label }} is required</mat-error> </mat-form-field> <mat-form-field ngSwitchCase="'dropdown-multiple'"> <mat-label [attr.for]="dynamicFormControl.key">{{ dynamicFormControl.label }}</mat-label> <mat-select multiple [id]="dynamicFormControl.key" [formControlName]="dynamicFormControl.key" [required]="dynamicFormControl.required" (selectionChange)="selectedValueChanged($event, dynamicFormControl)"> <mat-option ngFor="let opt of dynamicFormControl.options" [value]="opt.Prompt_Key"> {{opt.Prompt_Name}} </mat-option> </mat-select> <mat-error *ngIf="!isValid">{{ dynamicFormControl.label }} is required</mat-error> </mat-form-field> </div> </div> </code></pre>
Bulle (, ) is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In January 2006 Bulle incorporated the formerly independent municipality of La Tour-de-Trême. References Other websites Official website Municipalities of Fribourg Cities in Switzerland
"When a Man Loves a Woman" is a 1966 R&B song by Percy Sledge. The song hit #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also was #1 on the R&B singles chart. The song was later performed by Michael Bolton in 1991. His version won a Grammy Award. Barbara Mandrell recorded a country music version of this song, also in 1991. References 1966 songs Rhythm and blues ballads
Les Arcs is a commune of 7,033 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. References Communes in Var
<p>I am having a problem on loading oracle.dataaccess. Here's the message I get:</p> <blockquote> <p>Could not load file or assembly 'Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.112.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format.</p> </blockquote> <p>I have following entries in my web.config for this.</p> <pre><code><add assembly="Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.112.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342"/> </code></pre> <p>Under assemblies</p> <p>and</p> <pre><code><dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="Oracle.DataAccess" publicKeyToken="89b483f429c47342" Culture="neutral" /> <BindingRedirect oldVersion = "2.112.1.2" newVersion = "2.112.1.0" /> </dependentAssembly>** </code></pre> <p>I am developing on Visual Studio 2008 on a Windows Vista machine. I have my IIS 7.0 application pool enabled for 32-bit applications, and my platform target for this project is x86 instead of 'Any CPU'.</p> <p>I am still trying to figure out what exactly is wrong in this case.</p>
Coppell ( ) is a city in the northwest corner of Dallas County in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a suburb of Dallas. The population was 38,659 at the 2010 census. References Cities in Texas Settlements in Dallas County, Texas
<p>I use Loopback (v3) to manage endpoints with a MySQL DB. From my app, I use Axios to get end point data.</p> <p>In the DB, I have this kind of record:</p> <pre><code>id name value //other columns 1 Sally 0.00 2 Sally 135.00 3 Sally null </code></pre> <p>I can query each value in SQL:</p> <pre><code>select * from Tab where name = 'Sally' and value = 0; select * from Tab where name = 'Sally' and value is null; select * from Tab where name = 'Sally' and value > 0; </code></pre> <p>Problem: I can't replicate some of these queries with Axios from the app (nor with my curl tests). For example, I'd like to get only the null values and can't find the correct syntax for "is null" to put in a Loopback filter. </p> <p>Here are the curls I tried:</p> <p><code>curl -g http://my_ip/api/tabs</code> <em><-- works as expected</em></p> <p><code>curl -g http://my_ip/api/tabs\?filter\[where\]\[value\]\=null</code> <-- returns only the 0 values and none of the null ones!</p> <p>So, to spot only the null ones, I tried <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52485321/loopback-where-field-is-null">this solution</a>:</p> <pre><code>curl -g http://my_ip/api/tabs\?filter\[where\]\[value\]\[eq\]\=null \| jq . </code></pre> <p>It returns an error (and anyway, I can't find a "eq" operator in the list provided by the <a href="https://loopback.io/doc/en/lb3/Where-filter.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">loopback docs</a>.</p> <p>How could I get the distinct 0 and null values with loopback, replicating what I got directly in MySQL? Is there a way to make a "is null" filter with Loopback?</p>
<p>I have a Tomcat Server running as a saved configuration in IntelliJ IDEA 10.0.3. I've saved the "Peform on 'Update' action" option to "Update classes and resources".</p> <p>However, whenever I restart IntelliJ, it reverts to "Restart server", which is a huge pain since I'm just updating static files. </p> <p>Is there a way to make it truly sticky?</p>
<p>I'm trying to setup Google API Gateway to use an API key that callers send in the header.<br /> My api config yaml looks like this:</p> <pre class="lang-yaml prettyprint-override"><code>... securityDefinitions: api_key_header: type: apiKey name: key in: header api_key_query: type: apiKey name: key in: query paths: /foo-header: get: summary: Test foo endpoint operationId: testGet-header x-google-backend: address: "<backend address>" protocol: h2 path_translation: APPEND_PATH_TO_ADDRESS security: - api_key_header: [] responses: 204: description: A successful response /foo-query: get: summary: Test foo endpoint operationId: testGet-header x-google-backend: address: "<backend address>" protocol: h2 path_translation: APPEND_PATH_TO_ADDRESS security: - api_key_query: [] responses: 204: description: A successful response </code></pre> <p>I expect both calls, <code>/foo-header</code> and <code>/foo-query</code> to fail with 401 status if a valid API key is not provided via header or query parameter.</p> <p>But in a fact only <code>/foo-query</code> behaves as expected.<br /> Requests to <code>/foo-header</code> pass to the backend even when the API key is not provided in request header.</p> <p>Do I have issue with the config, or is it the Google API Gateway that doesn't work properly when API key is provided in request header?</p>
<p>What is the big O of <code>Array.protoype.filter</code>?</p> <p>I have looked at the documentation (<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/filter" rel="noreferrer">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/filter</a>) but haven't been able to work it out.</p>
.1^ •%-e5c.i3C-ej^-^>^ e^re^^"^-^^^^ ^^y^^^^^^x p^^^ ( Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Corporation of the Presiding Bishop, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints http://www.archive.org/details/ylleidrarygroesdOOjone T " LLEIDR AR Y GROES. TJn o'r prif wrthbrofion a gynnygir i fedydd '• er maddeuant pechodau" yw, fod y lleidr ar y groes wedi cael ei achub heb fedydd ; a'r gamdddealltwriaeth o'r banes am dano a'n cymhell i vneuthur y syl^-adau canlynol. Yr ydym yn dijstion fod Duw yn maddeu pechodau y credin- iwr edifeiriol drwy iawn fedyddiad ; a thystiwn hyny o ber- wydd i ni gael maddeuant felly ein hunain; yr ydym yn gwyhod i ni gael maddeuant drwy fod Duw yn profi hyny drwy gyfranu o'i Ysbryd Glan yn ei wahanol ddoniau, megys na chawsom ni erioed cyn hyny, ac na chlywir fod neb arall yn eu mwynhau cyn cael maddeuant. Dyma yw ein tystiol- aeth ar hyny ynte, ac nad beth a ddygwyddodd i'r lleidr ar y groes, nac i ba le yr aeth, ni wna ein tystiolaeth ni yn ddirym; ^tto er mwyn y rhai a rwystrir gan y lleidr hwn i gael eu bed- yddio, ymdrechwn egluro na ddywedodd lesu Grist y byddai y lleidr yn gadwedig, ac ni ddichon ei fod ef wedi myned i'r aefoedd yn fuan ar ol marw cliwaith. Darllener Luc xxiii, 43. " Heddyw y byddi gyda mi ym mharadwys," ebe Efe. Yn awr, y cwestiwn yw, ai y nefoedd He y preswylia Duw a feddylia yr lesu wrth y gAix paradwys ? Os nade, gan mai yno yn unig y cred ein cyfeillion sectyddol y mae cadwedigaeth, yna nid oedd y lleidr yn gadwedig. Pwy a ddywed ai y nefoedd a feddylia yr lesu? Canys, cyfaddefa y duwinyddion yn gyffredinol fod y gair paradwi/s yn cael ei ddefnyddio am vffeni yn gystal a mynwes Abraham,' a phob rhan o fyd yr ysbrydion, da a drwg; etto mae o bwys i'r sawl a rwystrir gan y lleidr hwn i gael ei bedyddio i ddeall i ba le yr aeth. Dywed lesu wrth Mair ar ol ei adgyfodiad (loan xx. 17), " Na chyffwrdd a mi, oblegid ni ddyrchefais i etto at fy Nhad." Os cyfaddefir fod ei Dad yn y nefoedd, ac fod lesu wedi dweyd y gwir y byddai y lleidr " heddyw," sef yr uu dydd ag yr hongiai ar y groes, f/ydag ef, ai fod ef y trydydd dydd ar ol hyny yn dweyd na ddyrchafodd etto at ei Dad; rhaid addef nad aeth y lleidr at ei Dad yr " heddyw" hwnw chwaith, ac o ganlyniad nid oes yna un prawf fod y lleidr hwnw yn gadwedig; a chan hyny nid oes brawf i'w ga«l yn yr hanes yna fod cadwedigaeth yn gyrhaeddadwy heb [Ir'ris Dimai. fedydd. Nid ydym iii ond wedi dyfyrai geirian yr Tosn ei him, a'r sawl a baero fod y lleidr yn gaiiwedig a ddyLii brofi fod rhyir le i'r cadwedigion helilaw y fwr) He y mae Tad Icsii Grist, neu fod yr lesii wedi dweyd arwiredd. Ond gan na feiddir gwneyd y naill na'r llall, nid oes i'w wneuthur ond credn yr hwn a ddy- ■wedodd " Yn wir, yn wir, meddaf i ti, oddieithr geni dyn o ddwfr ac o'r Ysbryd ni ddiclion t>fe fyued i nvswn i deyrnas Ddiiw." Gofynir i ba le yr aeth y lloidr ynte ? Atebodd yr Tesu eisoes, mai i'r un fan ag yr aeth >'ntau, " gyda mi," ebe efe; eithr ni ddywed pa hyd yr arosai gydag ef. Paleyraetli y ddau ynte, — pwy a ddywed? Na ffroma, ddarllenydd, pe dy- wedid fod yr lesu wedi rayned i nffern, neu i /orfe, nen i garcharaa He yr oedd ysbrydion yn dysgwyl am ei ymweliad, rai er's miloedd o flynyddoedd; eithr eaiff yr apostol Pedr ddwcyd i ba le yr aeth yr losu. ni CFromir cymmaint i'w erb3'n ef ond odid. Pa le yr aeth yr lesu yn yr Ysbryd tra yr oedd ei gorfiF yn gorwedd yn y bedd Pedr, os gwyddost? (1 Pedr iii, 18 — 21.) ■" Wedi ei farwolaethu yn y cnawd. eithr ei fyw- hau yn yr Ysbryd. Trwy yr hwn [Ysbryd] yr aeth efe [Crist] hefyd ac a bregethodd i'r ysbrydion ?/« vfjharchnr, y rhai a fii' gyntanufydd, pan unwaith yroedd hir amynedd Duw yn aros yn nyddiau Noe, tra y darparid yr arch, yn yr hon ychydig, sef wyth enaid, a achiibwyd trwy ddwfr. Cyff^iybiaeth gyfatebol i'r hwn sydd yr awrhon yn ein hachhb ninnau, sef bedtpd, (nid bwrw ymaith fudrediii y cna^d, eithr ymateb ajdvyhod dda tuag at Dduw) trwy adgyfodiad lesu Grist." Ni ammhenir tystiolaeth Pedr debygir, fod Crist wedi myned i garcbar, ac felly ni eliir auimheu nad i garchar yr aeth y lleidr, eithr j mae hyn o walianiat'th rhwng y dilau, sef ddyfod yr lesu allan yn ol a gadael y lleidr yno. Paliarahyny? 0 herwydd n.ixl oedd drwg-weithredwr o'r fath yn addas i ddyfod allan nes talu yr"hatling eithaf," dyna a ddysgasai yr Tesu ei hunan cyn hyny; ac nid addas cyn cael maddeuant, oedd lleidr yn gwmni i'r lesu santaidd yn y byd arall, ac ni ellid maddeu iddo cyn cael ei fedyddio, heb flfortfetio geirwiredd yr lesu ei hun a'i !w deublyg. Diau fod ei grediiiiaeth yn Mab Duw yn ei hawlio i •well cwmniaeth nag oedd y lleidr arall a'i dirmygai Ef; a diau y caifl" ei ryddhau o'i garchar trwy gyfryngoliaeth arall i gyi-* lawiii pob cyfiawndei* drosto yn ei bryd a'i fen briodol ; gWc! 1 Pedr iv, 6; a I Cor. xv, 29. Nid yw ein pwrpas presennol i cbwilio pafodd na pha bryd y daw y Ueidr o'r carchar, addasach ceisio perswadio y darllenydd i ochelyd tyngbed y lleidr ar y groes, tr>s-y gymmeryd ei fed- yddio er mafideuant pechodau, a dyfod felly yn aelod o deyrnas Dduw, fel pan elo ei ysbryd yntau i baradwys y caffo orpbwys oddiwrth ei lafnr, ac y bydd i'w weitbredoedd sef ei fedydd, a pbob ufjdd-dod i Grist, deilyngu iddo, y mabwysiad, sef 'pryn- edigaetb y corflT yn yr adgyfodiad cyntaf, yn He aros yr adgyf- odiad olaf gyda y lladron, yr anghredinwyr, y difedydd a'r erlidwyr. Mewn gwirionedd. dylai fod amgylcbiad y lleidr ar y grocs yn rhybudd i'r darllenydd beidio esgeuluso y cyfle cyntaf i gaol ei fedyddio yn lie bod yn esgus i geisio profi bedydd yn afreidiol. Hollol fel arall a ddylai fod yr effaith, canys nid yw y gwir fedyddiedigion yn cael eu gyi'u i garcharau pan ymadawo yr ysbryd o'r corff. eithrat ' e^lwys y rbai eyntaf-anedig, at fyrdd- iwn 0 angylion, i fynydd Scion, Dinas Eik)c, y Jernsalem nefol,' lie y mae ysbrydion y cyfiawnion yn aros i gael eu cyrtF an ■ Uygredig, a gogoniant meibion Duw ; yr hyn nid y\v yn add- awedig i neb ond i'r saw! a " anwyd o ddwfr ac o'r Ysbryd ;" oanys anghyfnewidiol Iw yr imig lachawdwr a'i IlcArodd. Na osoded y darllenydd ni yn y gadair farnol yn awr, ac yna edn beio am gonderanio ein hen dadau duwiol, y Diwjgwyr emwog — y cenadon selog, ynghyd a'r lliaws dirif a adawsant dystiolaeth dda ar ol eu bod yn inyned at yr lesu, ac etto heb gael eu bedyddio; y rhai a ymddygasant yn ol y deallent air Duw yn gydwybodol, a ddywedwch eu bod hwy oil yn gdUed- ig, meddir, mewn braw! Eithr gan bwyll, ddarllenydd, nj<l nyni sydd yn diceyd, Uawer llai gwtieuthur hyuy ; nid ydym yn bamu neb; arall, cyiiaAvnach o lawer a'u barna hwynt, ac Efe a'u barna yn ol eu gweithredoedd yn gywir, a hyny yn ol rheol gyfiaww. Ni chospa yr uu o houynt na fedyddiwyd, os na ddanfonodd was neu weision IV plith i'w bedyddio, ac iddynt hwytbau wrthod. Os gwnaethant yn ol y goleuni goreu a all- •ent gael, uieiddiwn ddweyd eu bod hw}' lilgwell eu lie a'u parch nac a fydd y darllenydd a wnel yr iin fath a hwynt, ac y deu- ,ani i'r Ian o'u beiJdau lawer cynt, a gogcneddusacli liefyd. Canys liyn yw y ddainnedigaeth ddyfod goleuni i'r byd, yn awr ^megys y daetli yn amser Crist, am y ffordd i gadwedigaeth :1;r«'3'' fi^i^ydd, a'i ivrthodwyr, nid y rhai na chawsai fjynnyg arno a gospir, a hyny i'r graddau cyferbyniol i ragoroldeb y goleuni a gynnygiwyd iddynt. I'r rhai y rhoddwyd Uawer y gofynir llawer : ac ni ddichon yr oes lion byth esgusodi eu hunain f'el y g.iU y tadau, o herwydd cyunygir iddynt genadwri oddi- wrtli Dduw, yr lij'n ni ddaeth at ein tadau ; am hyny y tadau a gyfodant yn y farn yn erbyn eu plant os gwrthodant y gref- ydd ragorach a gynnygiwyd iddynt, ac yr ydym yn tystio hyny, a'n tystiolaeth a saif ac a fydd naill ai yn arogl bywyd i fywyd neu 0 farwolaeth i farwolaeth i'r darlleiiydd, ac i bawb a all ei chlywed. Os argyhoeddiadol i'r darllenydd i weled mawr-bwys gwir fedydd fj'dd y tystiolaethau dwyfol a diwrthbrawf blaenorol — • dros ac yn enw ein Mheistr a'n danfonodd i fedyddio, cymhell- ■\vn ef yn daer, ie, gorchymynwn iddo ufyddhau gj'da brys, — y cyfla cyntaf— "yn awr yw yr amser cynimeradwy," 7ie(/Jy«;, iiiid y ibry, nid heno. ond yn gyntaf o bob petli, yn awr, nac oeda awr! Cofia dynghed y cyn-ddiluwiaid — y " lleidr ar y groes," a'r carehar y niae ynddo — na ddos yno ato a'th lygaid 3'n agored ; bedydd yw yr unig ocheliad— coelia y gwirionedd feJ. y mae yn yx lesu ! Os wedi darilen y traethawd bach Invn y tefli o'th law yn •ddibris, a throi clust fyddar ac ahvad hwn ; daw yr awdwr i'th wyneb yn y farn, ac a dyetia gcrbron ip oil dy fod wedi cael cynnyg ar faddeuant pechodau yn rhad, a'i wrthod— ar ddwyfol brofion drwy yr Ysbryd Glan fod Duw wedi danfon cenadwri i'r byd yn ein hoes, megys yr anfonodd yn nyddiau Noe, — ei fod wedi awdurdodi Saint y Dyddiau Diweddaf i fedyddio a derbyn estroniaid yn ddinasyddion o'i deyrnas — ei fod yn cyf- Iwyno Ysbryd y Mabwysiad i'r sawl a fabwysiadant hwy drosto ; a thystiolaethwn mai hon yw unig drefn Duw i achub dyn i fywyd tragywyddol. Anwyl gyfaill, cred y gwirionedd ac ufyddha iddo fely cafibt fywyd, yw dynniniad, Dv ewyllysiwr da, D. JONES. .ARGKAFJFWYD A CHYHQEDDWTD GAN D. JON£S, ABEKTAWT. ^K'^a5c^^^3^'^^^5ce3f^e%~-e%"'~e%'^;>6^.'^ ^^ '!^(^^' H^i.3^^i3^^J^K^C}^'^':K^'K--^.
Terrance Stanley Fox (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian athlete and activist. He moved to Surrey, British Columbia in 1966 and to Port Coquitlam, British Columbia in 1968. He lost one of his legs due to bone cancer when he was 18. He is best known for his run, called The Marathon of Hope, which began on April 12, 1980 in St. John's, Newfoundland, the purpose of the run was to run across Canada (with help of an artificial leg) about (the length of the average marathon, or foot race) each day. He originally wanted to run until he got to Vancouver Island on the other end of Canada. The goal was to raise 1 million Canadian dollars and later one dollar for every person in Canada to help cancer research. Many people supported and helped him during his run and had a lot of faith in him. But on August 31, 1980 near the town of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Fox's cancer spread to his lungs. He had to stop running. Fox died on , a month before his 23rd birthday, in New Westminster, British Columbia (BC). In Canada, he is considered a hero. People still hold runs for him. Shortly before his death, he was made a Companion in the Order of Canada (the youngest person in the country to receive such an honor). In addition, there is a statue of him in Ottawa (Canada's capital city), near Parliament Hill. Several schools named after him and he has been featured on a Canadian $1 coin. Other websites The Terry Fox Foundation History Minute PSA More about Fox, including interviews and news reports 1958 births 1981 deaths Canadian activists Cancer deaths in British Columbia Deaths from bone cancer People from Winnipeg Sportspeople from British Columbia
BULLA ACHATINA. Shhh pipio C CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal Limax. Tefta univalvis, convoluta, inermis. Apertura fubcoarétata, oblonga, longitudinalis, bafi integerrima. Columella obliqua, lævis. Lin. Syf Nat. p. 1181. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Ec, BULLA tefta ovata, apertura obovata apiceque fanguineis, columella truncata. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1186. BULLA GALLICA. 2 110 Eo Ca 7o 1.9. 9. & 7. 9. BUCCINUM cauda brevi, ore expanfo. Eon. t; 10. f. E, Perpulchram hanc concham parit America, et Americz adjacentes infulas, Variat colore, qui in- terdum fufcus, undis obfcurioribus, interdum multo fplendore infignis quem cernere eft in tabula. Spe- cles cies hac terreftris? eft et tenuis. Diftinguitur va- rietas depicta apertura leete purpurea. Quod eam incolit animal limaci fimillimum eft. Non omnino perfuafum mihi habeo debere hanc teftam generi quod Bullam vocat Linnzus annumerari, cujus inter formam generalem et characteres huic non plene convenit. 240 THE AGATE BULLA. DARAS GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal relembling a Limax or Slug. Shell univalve, convoluted. Aperture fomewhat ftraitened, oblong, longitu- dinal, entire at the bafe. Column oblique and fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, c. Ovate, pointed, wide-mouthed BULLA, with broad fafciæ, crimfon mouth, and truncated column. The AGATE BULLA. The CRIMSON-MOUTHED BULLA. This moft elegant fhell is a native of America and the Weft Indian iflands. It varies confiderably in point of color, being fometimes of a dufky brown, with deeper variegations; at other times ornamented with the beautiful hues reprefented on the annexed plate. This is commonly called the purple-mouthed variety. variety. Itisa land? fhell, ofa thin ftrudture, and the inhabiting animal bears the moft ftriking refem- blance to the common fnail. It may be added that it feems fcarce allowable to rank this fhell under the Linnean genus Bulla, with the general form and characters of which it does not perfectly agree.
ISO 3166-2:BR is an ISO standard which defines geocodes: it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Brazil. It covers 1 Federal District and 26 states. Brazil ISO Brazil
<p>Let's say I have a dynamic lib <code>a.so</code>.</p> <p>Then I'm building <code>b.so</code> against <code>a.so</code> only if <code>a.so</code> is present on the machine.</p> <p>Then I'm building executable <code>c</code> against <code>b.so</code>.</p> <p>I was hoping to forget everything about <code>a.so</code> in <code>c</code> <code>Makefile</code>, but it appears that I need to add <code>a</code> in <code>-L</code> flags or I got undefined reference to <code>a.so</code> symbol during <code>c</code> link.</p> <p>Is this normal with dynamic link or am I forgetting anything here?</p>
256 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \| Маг, 4, 4. A Synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Myzomela, with Descriptions of two new Species. Ву W. A. Fonnzs, Е.2.9. [Received February 26, 1879.] (Plates XXIV. & XXV.) The genus Myzomela? was instituted by Messrs. Vigors and Horsfield in their paper on Australian birds in the Linnean Society’s ‘Transactions’ for 1826 (vol. xv. p. 316, note), Myzomela sangui- nolenta, Lath. (for M. cardinalis, Gm. apud Vig. & Horsf. l. c., is clearly not that species, but the smaller Australian one), being the type. on (Traité d'Orn. p. 298) in 1831 established a “ sous-genre" Phylidonyris, in which were included Certhia sangninolenta, Cin- nyris rubrater, and Cinnyris eques ; but this name must be, as he hiniself observes, regarded as merely a synonym of Myzomela. Reichenbach in 1851 (Handb. d. spec. Orn. p. 283) made Cinnyris eques the type of a new genus Cosmeteira, which he included amongst the Nectariniide, its dull colours, with no metallic gloss, being apparently the chief reason for the separation. This species, how- ever, in tongue, bill, feet, and, in fact, in all points is a true Муго- mela, though it has been included amongst the Nectariniidee till within the last few years by most writers. On similar grounds of divergent coloration, Bonaparte separated M. pectoralis? under the name Cissomela (С. R. xxxviii. p. 264, 1854); but as no generic characters whatever are given, this name falls to the ground, even if auy structural differences in the bird exist, which as yet I have been unable to discover. Myzomela is characterized by its Meliphagine tongue, rather short, narrow, and • slender curved bill which is depressed and broadened at the base, rounded and compressed anteriorly, and there finely serrulated on Из cutting margins. The nostrils are linear and curved, extending for almost one third of the length of the bill, and covered in by a conspicuous opercular membrane. The wings are moderately long, the “ first ° primary short, the 3rd to 5th longest 1 робо, I suck in, рем, honey; hence Myzomela. ? Although Bonaparte expressly states “ Myzomela nigra, Gould, est pour moi le type du nonveau genre Cissomela,” yet it is evident from his description, 36 . сит uropygio alba, torque ресюгай nigro," that M. pectoralis was in- tended ! 3 T have here adopted the system of notatiou for the remiges generally in use amongst ornithologists. But would it not be better, as is usually done in other cases of serially-repeated homologous organs, to begin counting from the proximal rather than from the distal end of the series? At present, if a bird, for instance a Passerine, be said to have a “long first primary,” two things may be meant :—either that the bird has only zine primaries, the true “ first” (or tenth) being absent, and the (mor hologieally) “second ” (or ninth) being of the ordinary length (as, е. g., a Finch, or Drepanis) ; or that there are Zen pri- maries, with the “first ” (tenth) fully developed, as is the case in tne “ Formi- carioid " Passeres of Wallace. This ambiguity would be avoided by counting the feathers from the end nearest the humerus; for any Passerine with a long tenth" primary could then only be a “ Formicarioid,” V€ JSmat hth ç Hanhart imp 1.МҮ20МЕТА CHLOROPTERA. 2. : RUBROBRUNNEA 3. ” ADOLPHIN E. Poe nary PZS 1870 PI ХАМ Још hth ) MYZOMELA CHERMESINA 2 Я SCLATERI D. вази. 4 "T 1879.] \| MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 257 and subequal, the 6th longer than the 7th, which about equals the 204. The tarsi are about as long as the bill, rather slender, and covered with 6-7 scales in front, the lower ones being the smallest and trans- verse. The 2nd and 4th toes are very slender, abont equal in length, and shorter than the 3rd. "The hallus is unusually stout for the size of the bird. The тай has 12 feathers, is short, and nearly square. Most of the species have more or less гей in their plumage ; but this colour is altogether absent in some, and becomes only a slight tint, coutined to the margins of the feathers, particularly of the head, wings, and tail, in others. As yet our knowledge of the phases and changes of plumage is by no meaus perfect. In one group (e. g. in M. sangui- nolenta and its allies, including JZ. nigrita) the females seem to retain throughout life the brown plumage of immaturity, whilst in others (e. g. М. nigriventris, obscura, &c.) the adults of each sex are similar. In most cases the first plumage seems to be nearly uniform brown, lighter beneath, with the wing-coverts lighter at the edges, and the quills margined externally with olive-yellow. ‘Throughout the group there 15 seen a great tendency to retain these markings on the wings, as likewise a white margin on the inner web of the primaries. The eggs seem to be generally whitish or buff, spotted with darker, red or yellow. According to Gilbert (Gould, Handb. B. A. i. p. 558) M. nigra, like many other species of Meliphagide, lays only two eggs. "The nests are small and cup-shaped, rather flimsily con- structed of grass-stems, hair, spiders’ webs, &c., and often placed in the fork of a tree or bush. In their habits the Myzomele seem to resemble the other smaller Honeysuckers, frequenting flowering shrubs and trees, not appa- rently so much for the sake of the nectar of the flowers, as for the insects attracted thereby. But one or two species of this genus, which is perhaps most nearly allied to deanthorhynchus, but distinguishable by its longer beak and different coloration, were known to the older authors. Bonaparte, in his ‘Conspectus’ (p. 394, 1850), enumerates 9, one of which, however (Certhia sanguinea, Gmel.), is a Drepanis, whilst M. eques is omitted. Gray (Hand-l. D. i. p. 153, 1869) gives 17, though here again M. eques is omitted, being included as ** Cosmeteira eques? amongst the Хесгсагшийг (no. 1337). In the present paper 26 species, including two new ones, are recognized as distinct, besides one other which remains doubtful. Of these 26 species, 24 are known to me autoptically. Of the two which I have not seen, one (M. lafargii) is unique in the Paris Museum, the other (W. rubro- tincta) has lately been described from specimens at Leyden by Count Salvadori. The collection in the British Museum, that made by the * Chal- lenger, and the specimens in the collections of Mr. Sclater and Messrs. Salvin and Godman have formed the basis of my present paper. In addition to these I have to thank Canon Tristram, F.R.S., Dr. A. B. Meyer, and Count Salvadori for the very liberal way in which they have lent me valuable series of specimens, To the two Proc. Zoor. Soc.—1879, No. XVII. 17 258 MR. W. А. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \|Маг. 4, latter, in partieular, I am indebted for sending over to me the types of the species described by them from New Guinea and its islands, and several others which I should not otherwise have been able to examine, and for their kind permission to figure any of them. Count Salvadori, too, has sent me some very valuable notes ав to the range ќе. of the Papuan species ; whilst to M. Oustalet I am much obliged for information on the type specimen of M. lafargii and on some other points. 'The following table will assist in the determination of the 26 valid species. It, however, only holds good for adult birds, and in many cases only for the males, our present imperfect knowledge of many of the species making a table that would have included all stages alike an impossibility. А. Corpore rubro ornato, aut nnicolori. z, Corpore subtüs plus minusve olivacco-griseo aut albicante. a. Fronte coecincá. b. Torque pectorali nullo. с. Capite et dorso concoloribus. 1. sanguinolenta. 2. caledonica. Alis olivaceo-fuscis; abdomine griseo-flavido 3. chloroptera. с. Capite rubro; dorso fusco ....................... 4. adolphine, 0". Torque peetorali fusco, ирээ! albicante ........... True coq di 022 Abdomine fusco-griseo .......... тоссо наа а. Fronte nigrá. d. Capite suprà macula rubra ornato, e. Сша rubra. 13185 summo nigricanto .................._ 7. 0 гада. Gutture eroceo-Bayo......................... . 8. Jumhlanis. е. Саа nigra ........ КГК ККК C (а DN DR d'. Capite suprà omnino nigricante ...........«... 10, selateri, В. Corpore subtùs dorso concolori, a, Corpore nigro. [оми albis оосо ЗОО оосо Hlo Бх: БАКЫШ 01-115 22227222 772909 12. pammelena, а. Corpore griseo-brunneo. ОЕ (OS reae ОИЕ 0". Strid gulari nulla. Capite solüm rubro tineto ..................... 14. obscura. Alis et caudá rubro tinctis ....... n ПО. ВОД DU: { 16. rubrotineta, 17. rubro-brunnca. а", Corpore rubro................ оввпогобвососсобсоввоосавоосо 1 5 O y. Corpore subtüs nigro et rubro vario. а. Gulá сосешей. b, Capite toto coecineo. c. Abdomine rubro; erisso nigro... eese 19. rubratra, с. Abdomine et crisso nigris. f Alis fusco-nigris; abdomine flavido-griseo... Corpore, alis ct caudá rubro tinetis ...... 20. nigriventris. 2]. cardinalis. ОЛ, 13881059 58 (8149) соооососос о дөр: 0. Capite suprà nigro ............ Бог голоо o, ЛС ЖЕ fs Сар Wot) GERD он ТОКОЛ В. Corpore nigro alboque vario. Gula uropygioque nigris ..... ... DUO EO у! Са отору атое ае ооо 00. P COLO OO. 4. Вестопейсобстаотн с еее \| 1879.] мк. W. А. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 259 1. MYZOMELA SANGUINOLENTA. ? Scarlet Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 740 (1782). ? Certhia rubra, Gmel. S. N. 1. p. 479 (1788). ( Sanguineous Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 167, t. 130 1801). 1 Certhia sanguinolenta, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxxvii (1801). Cochineal Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 167 (1801). Certhia dibapha, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxxvii (1801). Red-rumped Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 169 (1801). Certhia erythropygia, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxxviii (1801). Certhia australasie, Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 30, t. 11 (1814). Myzomela cardinalis, V. & II. (пес Gm.), Linn. Trans. xv. p. 316 (1826). Myzomela sanguinolenta, Gld. В. A. iv. pl. 63; id. Handb. B. Aoii jio Ooo) 1 d ad. capite, dorso cum uropygio, pectore et lateribus abdominis coccineis ; macula anteoculari, айв caudaque nigris; alarum tectricibus conspicue albido, remigibus olivaceo-griseo limbatis ; abdomine sordide flavido; subcaudalibus griseo alboque variis ; rostro nigro, pedibus corneis. Long. al. 24, caud. 176, rostr. 0:45, tars. 075 (poll. Angl.). Ф sordide griseo-brusunea, subtus dilutior ; dorso et uropygio rufescenti tinctis ; alis caudaque fuscis, remigibus olivacco, tectricibus alarum pallide brunneo marginatis. Hab. in Australia. The phases of plumage in this species, the type of the genus (for M. cardinalis, apud Vig. & Horsf. 1. s. с., 1s this bird), seem to have caused some confusion amongst the older authors. It seems to me that in all probability Latham's “Scarlet Creeper,” on which Gmelin founded Certhia rubra in his edition of the ‘Systema Na- turze, really applies to this species, the description “lower part of belly and vent white," together with the size (“ of а Wren ”) and the locality (“from some part of the South Seas ") quite coinciding with this bird, and not at all with W. cardinalis, of which, in his Ind. Orn. (i. p. 290, 1790), Latham treated it as being the female. Besides this, Latham bestowed at least three other Latin names (each with its equivalent vernacular) on this little bird. Myzomela sanguinolenta is perhaps most nearly allied to M. chloro- ptera, which differs, however, as below pointed out. Only the males possess the beautiful red plumage; and in these, if not quite adult, the variegation of each breast-feather, which is grey at the base, then paler, aud red only at the tip, produces the somewhat mottled appearance of the red underparts. According to Mr. Gould, the irides are ** dark brown.” Myzomela sanguinolenta is the commonest species of Myzomela in Australia, and is familiarly known to the colonists as the “ Little Soldier." Mr. Ramsay, in his list of Australian Birds (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 1877), records it from Rockingham Bay, Port Denison, the Wide-Bay District, the Richmond- and Clarence- 1725 260 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \| Маг. 4, River Districts, New S. Wales, the interior, Victoria, and S. Australia ; so that it ranges over the greater part of Eastern Australia. Mr. Ramsay has given us a góod account of the habits and nesting of this species near Sydney, where it is a summer visitor, arriving in October and November, in * The Ibis’ for 1865 (p. 304). 2. MYZOMELA CALEDONICA, n. Sp. Myzomela sanguinolenta (ех Nova Caledonia) auct. d precedenti simillima, sed tectricibus alarum marginibus al- bidis carens. Hab. in Nova Caledonia. Миз. Н. В. Tristram. The Myzomela from New Caledonia, although no doubt very closely allied to the preceding Australian species, is, I think, fairly entitled to rank as a distinct species; aud I have therefore separated it under the above name. Му attention was first directed to this form by a specimen kindly lent me by Canon Tristram, and shot by Mr. Layard near Noumea. This bird, а fully-plumaged male, differs from a considerable number of Australian specimens with which I have compared it, in the almost entire absence of the con- spicuous greyish-white margins to the feathers of the wing-coverts, so that they are nearly entirely black, with only a trace of olive- colour at the margins. Besides this, the red colour of the body is hardly so bright, and extends a little further down on the abdomen, and the margins to the quills are more of an clive-yellow. The size is about the same (wing 2°25), Australian specimens varying a little in this respect. Canon Tristram writes me tliat he has six specimens of the New-Caledonian bird, and that the differences which 1 pointed out to him are constant in the series. Mr. Layard gives the follow- ing notes as to tlie soft parts on the label of his specimen :—** Beak black, legs brown-black, iris brown." Mr. Layard also met with a Myzomela, which he referred to ЛГ. sanguinolenta (lbis, 1878, p. 280), in the New Hebrides, on the islands of Vaté, Api, and Mallikollo, and remarks that a specimen procured is identical with the New-Caledonian bird ; so that it seems probable that JM. caledonica may extend its range as far as these islands ; but specimens to show this are as yet wanting. 3. MYZOMELA CHLOROPTERA. (Plate XXIV. fig. 1.) Myzomela chloroptera, Wald. Ann. N. Н. 4th ser. ix. p. 399 (1872) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 662 (1875). d ad. capite, dorso uropygioque, cum pectore, coccineis ; corpore subtus griseo-flavido ; alis caudaque fuscis, remigibus et tectrici- bus alarum. olivaceo limbatis, subalaribus et margine interna re- migum albis; ale flexura flavo-albida ; macula anteoculari nigra ; rostro nigricante, pedibus obscure corneis. Long. al. 22, caud. 1°5, rostr. “So, tars. "50 (рой. Angl). Hab. in insula Celebes. This Myzomela, the westernmost of the whole genns, was described by the late Lord Tweeddale from imperfect specimens collected by 1879.] мв, W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 261 Dr. Meyer at Menado, where it has also been obtained by Bruijn's collectors ; and from one of these specimens, kindly lent me by Count Salvadori, the figure istaken. As yet, I believe, it has only occurred near Menado ; and the young and female remain unknown, or at least undescribed. Myzomela chloroptera resembles the Australian M. sanguinolenta, but is a smaller bird, and also differs in the smaller extent of the red on the chest, and in that colour being more intense, the abdomen yellower, and the wings and tail not so black. The black anteocular spot is less conspicuous. In his original description Lord Tweeddale remarks that this bird nearly resembles plate 54 of the ‘Oiseaux Dorés,’ vol. П., represent- ing “ L'Heorotaire écarlate ” from the * South Seas," taken from a drawing of a bird in Ше Leverian Museum. The figure certainly corresponds very fairly with this species, but, from the locality given, is probably intended for the Australian one (M. sanguinolenta). 4. MyzowELA ADOLPHINA (Plate XXIV. fig. 3.) Myzomela adolphine, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 946 (1875). d pallio, dorso superiore, alis caudaque olivaceo-fuscis, tectricibus alarum, remigibus et rectricibus eaterne subtiliter olivaceo limba- tis; capite игорудіодие coccineis ; macula anteoculari nigra ; corpore subtus flavido-albido, pectore grisescenti lavato ; subala- ribus et remigum margine interna allis ; vostro nigricaute, pedibus corneis. Long. tot. circa 8-5, al. 2:2, caud. 15, rostr. "45, tars. "0 (poll. Angl.). 9 minor, femine Myzomele boizi similis. Hab. in montibus Arfak. This is one of the numerous discoveries of. Beccari and Bruijn in the Arfak Mountains, and only а few specimens have as yet been obtained. Count Salvadori writes (Z. s. с.) :— This species resembles M. erythrocephala of Gould, but differs from it in its much smaller dimensions, by the very slight olive tint of the back, and by the lower parts being not grey-brown, bnt whitish, very slightly tinged with yellowish on the breast and abdomen." The female resembles that of the Banda species (Л. boiei), but differs as pointed out under that species (vide infrà). The figure (Pl. XXIV. fig. 3) represents an adult male, one of the types of this species, most obligingly lent me by Count Salvadori. 5. MYZOMELA ВОІ. AMyzomela boiei, Sal. Müll. Verh., Land-en Volkenk. p.172 (1839- 44); id. Verh., Zool. Aves, p. 66, t. 10. figs. 1, 2. d capite, dorso uropygioque coccineis, plumis ad basin nigris; ma- cula anteoculari, alis caudaque, cum torque pectorali nigris; corpore subtus griseo-albo ; subalaribus et remigum margine interna albis ; rostro nigro; pedibus corneis, plantis flavis. Long. al. 2:2, caud. 1-8, rostr. "5, tarsi "6 (poll. Augl.). 9 minor, capite pectoreque sordide griseis olivaceo lavatis; dorso, 262 MR. W. А, FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \|Маг. 4, tectricibus alarum et uropygio brunneis; fronte anguste gulaque rubris ; alis caudaque fuscis, pennis anguste flavido limbatis ; ab- domine её subcaudalibus flavo-albidis; rostro pedibusque corneis. Hab. in insula Banda. This species is confined to the island of Danda, where it is not un- common, according to Müller, in the nutmeg-plantations. The male resembles M. erythrocephala (ex insulis Aru), but differs from it in the black and white colours being purer and more contrasted. The female is extremely like that of М. adolphine, but is smaller, has the breast greyer, the forehead redder, and the yellowish-olive margins to the quills more conspicuous. The iris is “ brown ” (S. Miller; Murray). 6. MYZOMELA ERYTIIROCEPHALA. Myzomela erythrocephala, Gould, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 144; id. B. A. iv. pl. 64; id. Handb. B. A. i. p. 556 (nec Meyer, Sitzungsber. Wien, Akad. 1хх. pp. 204—206). d capite, dorso inferiore е! uropygio intense coccineis ; pallio, dorso superiore, alis caudaque cum torque pectorali fuliginosis, remigibus subtilissime olivaceo limbatis ; abdomine et subcauda- libus sordide olivacco-griseis ; subalaribus et margine interna re- migum albis ; macula anteoculari nigra ; rostro nigricante, pedi- bus nigro-corneis. Long. tota circa 4:0, al. 24, caud. 1°75, rostr. "59, tars. "БО (poll. Апд1.). Hab. in Australi septentrionali, insulis Aru, et Novia Guinea me- ridionali. There is some doubt as to the exact range of this species, and as to whether one or more species have not been included by various writers under thesame name. Unfortunately I have not been able to see а sufficient number of speciraens to clear np the question, Ше so- lution of which must wait till a larger series from different parts be- comes available for comparison. ¿Myzomela erythrocephala was first described by Mr. Gould from specimens from Port Essington, and was characterized as ‘intense fusca, capite et uropygio coceineis." This description agrees well enough with the figures in his folio work, aud with the skins in the British Museum from Aru collected by Wallace. In the text, how- ever, as also in the ‘ Handbook,’ the general colour of the plumage is described as 5 deep ehocolate-brown," a term which can hardly be said to agree either with “intense fusca" or with the figures. In one of his expeditions to Southern New Guinea, Signor D’ Al- bertis obtained a single male (nearly or quite adult) of a Myzomela at Mon, Hall Bay, of which Count Salvadori, in the account of the collection (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 825, 1875), says that it in no way differs from one from Australia with which he has com- pared it, and further remarks that Gould’s plate is inaccurate in re- presenting the back &c. as almost black, instead of only slightly darker than the under surface. In a letter to me, however, he says that now he is not quite satisfied as to this bird being the same as the Australian species ; this and the Ага bird seem to me much 1879.) мв. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 263 darker," and further proposes to separate it and the Aru form as a new species, Myzomela infuscata. But the bird from Mon, which Count Salvadori has most kindly lent me, differs from the Aru birds in its much lighter colours above, which are moderately dark greyish brown, not brownish black, and in the dark colour on the breast shading off more gradually into that of the flanks and abdomen, so that there is less appearance of a dark pectoral band. The anteocular spot is brown. The size is about the same as that of the bird described above (from a specimen in Mr. Godman’s collection, collected by Cockerell, and agreeing with Wallace’s Aru skin in the British Museum): Not having seen an authenticated adult Australian spe- cimen, I cannot say whether the New-Guinea bird is or is not identical with that from Australia; but it certainly differs consider- ably from the Aru birds in colour. If on further investigation the Aru bird proves really distinct, it will have to stand as Alyzomela infuscata, Salvad. in litt. On the other hand, if Mr. Gould's figure and description are correct, it would seem that the bird from Southern New Guinea is distinct. I have not seen the female of this species. Mr. Gould describes it as *uniform brown above, lighter beneath.’”! Count Salvadori describes the female of M. infuscata thus :—“Вгип- neo-grisea, subtus pallidior, fronte et gula late rubris; remigibus exterius subtiliter olivaceo-marginatis ;? and this description closely agrees with a young male from the Aru Islands in the British Mu- seum, in which, however, there are also some red feathers on the back. Gould gives the irides as “reddish brown," D'Albertis as “black.” In Australia, Myzomela erythrocephala is confined to the northern districts, having occurred at Port Essington (Gould), Port Darwin (Masters), and Cape York (Ramsay’s list of Australian birds). It was included in Marie’s list of New Caledonian birds (Ibis, 1877, p. 362), but is omitted by Verreaux and Desmurs, and Mr. Layard has as yet not found it. M. Oustalet, too, tells me that he hasnot seen it from the mainland of New Caledonia. 7. MYZOMELA VULNERATA. Nectarinia (Myzomela) vulnerata, Müll. Verh., Land- en Volk. p. 172 (1839-44) ; id. Verh., Zool. pl. 10. figs. 3, 4. Fusco-nigricans, capitis supra macula magna, gula et uropygio san- guineis ; abdomine, subcaudalibus, subalaribus, et margine remigum interna albis; rostro nigro, pedibus plumbeis. Long. al. 2-2, caud. 2, rostr. "5, tars. "53 (poll. Angl.). Hab. in insulá Timor. This very distinct species is confined to the island of Timor. It is somewhat allied to JM. boiei and erythrocephala, but is at once distinguished from both by the red on the head being confined to the vertex and throat, and by the much darker tint of that colour. The female is similar to the male, but smaller, with the colours less distinct. The irides are reddish brown (Sal. Müller). 1 In the plate the forehead is shown as tinged with red, 264 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \| Маг. 4, 8. MYZOMELA JUGULARIS. Myzomela jugularis, Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 151, t. 41. f. 2 (1848); Cassin, U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 176, t. 12. f. 2 (jr.) (1858); Н. & Е. Orn. Centr.-Pol. p. 54, t. 7. figs. 1, 2 (ad. et jr.). Myzomela solitaria, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 99, Atlas, t. 22. f. 6 (1853). Ad. fusco-nigricans, subtus flavescenti-albida, mento, gula, macula- que magna occipitali cum uropygio coccineis; gutture croceo-flavo 5 remigibus, primis duobus exceptis, et tectricibus alarum majoribus flavido marginatis ; rectricibus, duabus mediis exceptis, tectrici- busque ale minoribus nonnullis ad apicem albis ; rostro nigro, pedi- bus corneis. Long. al. 2°45, caud. 1:6, rostr. 6, tarsi 55 (poll. Angl.). Jr. macula occipitali nulla, gutture sordide flavo, et uropygio brunneo-olivaceo distinguenda. Hab. in insulis Vitiensibus. This Myzomela hardly admits of being mistaken for any other species. Itis perhaps most nearly related to M. lafargii of the Solomon Islands, but is at once distinguishable from tbat species by the red throat and orange-yellow chest, besides other differences. The red of the throat is separated from the yellow of the chest by a distinct though narrow black line. The red on the back appears last, that on the chin first. In not fully plumaged birds the rump and lower back are olivaceous. The sexes when adult are nearly alike, the female being only distinguishable by the colours being less bright. Very often, too, though not always, the red occipital spot 1s absent in the female. Mr. Murray records the iris as “ black," Mr. Layard as brown,” the legs being verditer ”? and “dark livid” in the living bird, with the soles of the feet yellow. This bird is entirely confined to the Fijis, where, according to Mr. Layard's list (1bis, 1876, p. 391), it is found in all the larger islands of that group!; and in addition to the islands enumerated by him, specimens from Matuku are in the British Museum (Rayner). Its occurrence in the Samoan group has not yet been confirmed (cf. Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 447). Hombron & Jacquinot indi- cated their 'Myzoméle solitaire" as being from the “lles Salomon” with some doubt; and, relying on them, Mr. Sclater included * M. solitoria? in his list of Solomon-Island Birds (Р. Z. S. 1869, р. 124), where, however, only M. lafargii, so far as is yet known, occurs. 9. MYZOMELA LAFARGII. Myzomela lafargei, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Pôle Sud, Zool. iii. p. 98, t. 22. f. 5 (1853). Corpore supra cum capite, gutture et pectore superiore nigris; oc- cipite coccineo ; abdomine flavido-olivaceo ; alis caudaque nigris, See also P. Z. S. 1875, p. 491, for an interesting account of its habits. 1879.) \| MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA, 265 remigibus olivaceo-limbatis, subularibus albis ; rostro nigro, pedi- bus plumbeis. Hab. in insulis Salomonis. This species was obtained by the French Expedition to the South Pole; and the type specimen in the Paris Museum remains, I believe, unique in Europe. M. Oustalet, to whom I wrote for information about it, kindly replies to me, on comparing it with the figure in the Atlas to the * Voyage:'——*Je trouve dans celle-ci quelques in- exactitudes. Les proportions de l'oiseau ont été un peu exagérées : le noir de la gorge a été trop etendu et trop marqué. L’oiseau type est plus petit, et il ale haut de la gorge seulement noir,le bas, vers la poitrine, étant un peu mêlé de Jaune verdâtre.” M. lafargii 15 somewhat allied to M. jugularis of the Fijis, but differs from the latter in having the red confined to the top of the head, and in the throat and chest being black. 10. MYZOMELA scLATERI, sp. п. (Plate XXV. fig. 2.) d corpore supra, alis caudaque fusco-nigricantibus, capite satu- ratiore, plumis dorsi inferioris apice flavidis ; remigibus, alarum tectricibus et rectricibus esterne olivaceo-flavo limbatis ; gula splendide coccinea; corpore subtus griseo-flavido, gutture sordi- diore ; subalaribus et margine interna remigum albis ; rostro ni- gro, pedibus obscuris. Long. tot. circa 45, al. 3°65, саша. 177, rostr. "6, tars. 55 (poll. 4ngl.). Hab. in Nova Britannia. A few weeks ago Mr. Sclater, after whom I propose to name this new species, lent me for examination a single specimen of it, marked male, which he had recently received in a letter together with two Pachycephale, from the Rev. С. Brown, C.M.Z.S., of the Wesleyan Mission at present established on the Duke-of-York Islands. The exact locality given on the label is “ Palaküru Island, New-Britain coast." I have not been able to find Palaküru Island on any map; but it is probably only an islet lying close to the shores of the larger island. At first I had some doubts as to this individnal being adult; but now, from the absence of red feathers on any other part, and from the singularly bright and shining colour of those on the throat, I have little doubt that it has very nearly or quite attained its full plumage. Myzomela sclateri hardly admits of being compared with any other species of the group, the entirely dark upperside aud the red being confined to the throat rendering it quite unlike any species yet known to us. 11. MYZOMELA NIGRITA. Myzomela nigrita, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 173; Salvadori, P. Z.S. 1878, p. 97. Myzomela erythrocephala, Meyer (nec Gould), Sitzungsber. Wien. Akad. Ixx. p. 204 (1874). 206 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \|Маг. 4, Myzomela meyeri, Salvadori, Aun. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 947 (1875). d nitenti-niger, subalaribus et remigum margine interna albis s rostro nigro, pedibus corneis. 9 griseo-brunnea, subtus dilutior ; fronte gulaque rubro lavatis ; remigibus externe olivaceis. Hab. in Nova биед occidentali et insulis vicinis. This Myzomela, conspicuous for the almost entirely black plumage of the adult male, was first described by the late Mr. Gray from specimens collected in the Aru Islands by Wallace, where it was ob- tained again during the recent voyage of the ‘Challenger.’ It also oceurs on the mainland of the north-western peninsula of New Guinea, at Dorey (JVallace) and Rubi (Meyer), and in the islands of Jobi and Miosnom (Meyer and Beccari), the birds from the mainland and these islands being considerably bigger than those from Aru. This is particularly the case with those from Jobi and Miosnom, so that Count Salvadori is inclined to separate them as a new spccies. But, as the following table will show, considerable differences in the measurements of this species oecur in various localities; so that at present Г consider it better to retain all forms under one name. Beak (from fore- Wing. Tail head). Tarsi. 1. d. Aru? 212:2 1:65 355 5 Pe СЭ скат ee 2'4 1:65 28) 5 DEG MEAT S eoe 2:5 Д7 -- 5 4. d. Rubi, 207 20: 65 5 оос. Worey ОК 1:8 “65 — 6. d. Miosnom уот Оң) 65 5 \| “M. pluto,” 7. б. LOUIE ce Фев BD) "67 of Salvadori, 8. d jr. Miosnom 26 17 "67 53 in litt. % @ 1% Rubi .... 220 1:8 "0 853 IO o Jie pie oa oaas 2:3 1:8 358 15, 11. Ө. Rub 2... 91 165 55 45 12. 9. Am? o 28! 14 203 245 The male of this species resembles that of Myzomela pammelæna from the Admiralty Islauds, but differs as below specified. The female retains more of the normal eolouring of the group, and approaches those of M. бот and M. adolphime. The young birds resemble the female, the red on the head in the young males being obtained before any indication of the black plumage. Dr. Meyer obtained only females and young of this bird, and referred these with con- siderabie hesitation to M. erythrocephala of Gould, a very different species. Count Salvadori saw that this was a mistake, and proposed the name meyeri for the specimens collected by Dr. Meyer. But on subsequently examining the birds at Dresden, he found that in reality they were the young and females of the present species, the female having been only briefly indicated in Gray’s original de- scription. 1879.) мк. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 267 Mr. Murray notes of a male from Wokan, Aru Islands, that the eyes are “hazel,” е“ bill and feet black.” 12. MYZOMELA РАММЕГЖХА. Myzomela pammelena, Sclat. P. Z.S. 1877, р. 553. d ad. nigerrimus, remigum marginibus internis cineraceo-albidis, rostro pedibusque nigris. Long. tot. circa 5, al. В DPA rostr. 65, tars. "65 (poll. Angl.) : Jun. precedenti similis, sed omnino sordidior, abdomine et sub- caudalibus rufo-tinctis, ct subalaribus albis distincta. Hab. in insulis Admiralitatis. Two specimens, an adult male and a young bird, of this Myzomela were obtained during the stay of the Challenger ’ at Nares Iarbour, Admiralty Islands. It is closely allied to Myzomela nigrita of the Aru Islands and New Guinea; but the adult male of the new species differs from the more western one by its ¿lack under wing-coverts (although these are white in the young bird), dirty white margins to the remiges, and longer and stouter feet and tarsi. In size it exceeds any specimens I have seen of A. nigrita from the Aru Islands, but is equalled in length of wing and tail by the larger birds from the islands and shores of Geelvink Bay. Mr. Murray marks the irides of the adult bird as “ hazel-brown.” 13. MYZOMELA EQUES. Cinnyris eques, Less. Voy. Coq. p. 679, t. 31. fig. 1 (1826). Nectarinia eques, Müll. & Schleg. Verhand. р. 62 (1839-1844). Cosmeteira eques, Meyer, Sitzungsber. Wien. Akad. Ixx. pp. 215- 217 (1874). Cosmeteira minima, Wald. Ibis, 1870, p. 50 (9). Omnino cinerascenti-brunnea, subtus dilutior ; stria gulari nitide coccinea ; rostro pedibwsque nigro-corneis. Long. al. 3, caud. 275, tarsi 6 (poll. Angl.). (4 ex Nova Guineii. ) Hab. in Novi Guineá et insulis vicinis. Although generally placed amongst the Nectariniide, this species in structure and coloration is a true Myzomela, allied to the Aus- tralian AL. obscura, from which it is at once distinguished by its bright red gular streak. The sexes are similar; but the females are considerably smaller than the males; and on one of these from Mysol the late Lord Tweeddale founded his species C. minima. Dr. Meyer describes (1. s. с.) the young as having thc forehead and top of the head tinged with reddisli —au interesting fact, as showing in the young bird a style of coloration not retained in the adult, but occurring in other members of the genus, and therefore probably а more primitive character. This species 3s widely distributed over New Guinea, occurring at Dorey (Wallace and Meyer), Rubi, Passim (Meyer), Sorong (Mus. Lugd., fide Salvadori), and Wa Samson (Beeccari) ; and D'Albertis found i£ on the Fly River. It also occurs in Waigiou (Lesson, Wallace, and Bernstein) and Myso \( Wallace and Hoedt). Count Salvadori 268 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. \|Маг. 4, has lent me specimens from Salwatti, and says that in the Leyden Museum there is one said to be from Ceram (Moens), but that this locality, as well as Gilolo (Forsten), are in all probability errors. 14. MYZOMELA OBSCURA. Myzomela obscura, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 136 ; id. B. A. iv. pl. 67 ; id. Handb. i. p. 559. Ptilotis fumata, * Müll. Mus. Lugd., ex Nova Guinea," Bp. Consp. i. p. 392 (1850). Omnino griseo-brunnea, subtus pallidior, capite vinaceo tincto ; remigibus externe subtilissime griseo limbatis ; alis caudaque sub- tus griseis, remigum margine interna albida ; rostro pedibusque nigro-corneis. Long. al. 2/7, caud. 22, rostr. "6, tars. `6 (рой. Angl.). Hab. in Australia septentrionali et Nova Guinea. This plainly-coloured Honey-eater was first described by Mr. Gould from specimens obtained at Port Essington by Gilbert. It seems to have rather a wide range over the northern parts of Australia, oc- curring at Port Darwin (Masters), Cape York ( Challenger’), and in the north of Queensland “as far south as the Магу river" (Ram- say). D'Albertis found it at Naiabui and on the Fly River; and there are specimens from the river Utanata in the Leyden Museum— the originals of Bonaparte's “ Ptilotis fumata ” (cf. Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 334, 1878). The sexes are similar. I have not seen young birds. The iris has been variously recorded as ‘‘ red " (Gould), ** brown" (Murray), and “black” (D Albertis), 15. MYZOMELA SIMPLEX. Myzomela simplez, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 349. Sordide griseo-brunnea, subtus dilutior ; remigibus et rectricibus rubido limbatis ; margine interna remigum albida; rostro pedi- busque corneis, his pallidioribus. Long. tot. 5'2, al. 2:3. caud. 2, rostr. "5, tarsi 6 (poll. Angl.). Hab. in Halmaherá et insulis adjacentibus. This plainly-coloured Myzomela was first discovered by Wallace in the island of Batchian, and it also occurs in most of the other islands of the Halmahera group of the Moluccas, bnt is replaced on Obi by the nearly allied Myzomela rubrotincta. Count Salvadori informs me that he has seen “ many specimens in the Leyden Museum from Gilolo (Bernstein), Tidore (Bernstein, Von Rosenberg), and Dammar (Bernstein). A specimen from Ternate (Bruijn) is in Turati’s collection. A single specimen from Morty in the Museum of Leyden is much darker than the others.” This species is allied to M. rubrobrunnea and М. rubrotincta, but differs from them in the less extent of the red colour, which is con- fined to the margins of the quills and tail-feathers. The sexes are probably similar in colour ; I have not seen the young bird. 1879.] \| MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 269 16. MYZOMELA RUBROTINCTA. Myzomela rubrotincta, Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. Genov. xii. p. 344 (1878). * Bruunea, dorso, alis et cauda pulcherrime rubro tinctis ; pectore, abdomine et subcaudalibus obsoletius rubro tinctis. Long. tot. 120 m., ale "067, caud. "048, rostri "020, tars. 020.” Hab. “in ins. Obi ( Bernstein)," Salvad. l. c. This species has recently been described by Count Salvadori from five specimens—two males and three females—the two sexes are similar—in the Leyden Museum. Hesaysit “resembles M. simplex of Gray from Halmahera, in which only the remiges and rectrices (and not all the parts between the head and neck) аге margined with red, and iu which the red colour is very indistinct.” 17. MYZOMELA RUBROBRUNNEA. (Plate XXIV. fig. 2.) Myzomela rubrobrunnea, Meyer, Sitzungsber. Ak. in Wien, lxx. p. 203 (1874). d grisescenti-brunneus, subtus dilutior, capite saturatiore, plumis plus minusve vinaceo limbatis; dorso inferiore et uropygio, cum marginibus externis remigum et rectricum vinaceo-rubris ; alis candidque subtus griseis; margine interna remigum albida; rostro pedibusque nigro-corneis. Long. tota circa 4, ale 24, caud. 1-8, rostr. "6, tars. "59 (poll. Angl.). Ф mari similis, sed coloribus minus intensis et paullo minor. Hab. in insulà Mysore. Dr. Meyer first discovered this beautiful species of Myzomela, during his travels in and about New Guinea in 1873. He obtained only two specimens, both males, at Kordo, the chief settlement in the island of Mysore in Geelvink Bay. Beccari obtained others in the same island, to which it is apparently confined ; and from one of his specimens, a fine male, kindly lent me by Count Salvadori, the figure is taken. This species resembles M. simplex and M. rubrotincta of the Mo- luecas, but differs from both in the red margins to the feathers being continued over a larger part of the bird. 18. MYZOMELA CRUENTATA. Myzomela cruentata, Meyer, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wien, lxx. i. p. 202 (1874) ; Gould, B. New Guin. pl. pt. v. \| Myzomela coccinea, Ramsay, Proc. L. S. №. S. W. ii. p. 106 (1877)? (Ех insulis Ducis Eboraci.) k Myzomela erythrina, Ramsay, Proc. L. S. N. S. W. ii. p. 107 (1877)? (Ех Nova Hibernia.) d corpore omnino chermesino, uropygio splendidiore, plumis ad basin nigris; alis rubricantibus, plumis externe rubris; remi- gibus fuscis, primis duobus exceptis, rubro limbatis ; vectricibus rubido-griseis, externe rubro marginatis ; alis caudaque subtus 270 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMEZA. \| Маг. 4, griseis ; rostro pedibusque nigris. Long. tot. circa 4, al. 2:2, caud. 1:5, rostr. "55, tars. 5 (poll. Angl.) Най. in montibus Arfak Novee Guinee. This very beautiful Myzomela, at once distinguished from all others of this group yet deseribed by its uniformly red colour, was first obtained by Dr. Meyer, in the Arfak Mountains in 1873. Only one specimen, an adult male, was procured ; and this and another speci- men, likewise a male and nearly or quite adult, procured by Bruiju's collectors in the same locality, and now in the Genoa Museum, are, I believe, the only examples yet brought to Europe of this splendid little bird. A short time ago Mr. E. P. Ramsay, of the Sydney Museum, de- scribed two new species of Myzomela, both remarkable for their nearly uniform red coloration. One is indicated as a female and from the Duke-of-York Islands (M. coccinea) ; the other, a young male, (M. erythrina) is from New Ireland. Of it Mr. Ramsay says :— * This species is smaller thau the preceding, and the bill is compa- ratively stronger and stouter ; otherwise I should be inclined to con- sider it the young of the former," From his description it is evi- dently a young bird; and after having carefully compared both it and that of the other species with Dr. Meyer's and Count Salvadori's specimens, I have come to the conclusion that both M. coccinea and erythrina are probably referable to M. cruentata. If this is so, it would seem, provided Ramsay:s specimens are correctly sexed, that the adults of this specics are nearly or quite similar in coloration. The species probably has a wide range through New Guinea eastward of the Arfak Mountains. 19. MYZOMELA RUBRATRA. Cinnygis rubrater, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool. p. 678 (1826) id. Man. ії. p. 55 (1828) ; Kittlitz, Kupf. Уба. t. 8. fig. 1 (1832). Myzomela rubratra, Bp. C. R. xxxvii. p. 208, 1854; Hartl. Р.7.8. 1868, p. 5; Hartl. & Finsch, P. Z. 5. 1872, p. 94 ; Finsch, Journ. God. Mus. xii. p. 26 (1876). Myzomela major, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 263 (1854). (Ins. Carol.) Myzomelu sanguinolenta, pt., Gray (nec Lath.), Gen. В. No ра LISE Bp. Consp. i. p. 394 (1850). Ad. coccinea, «lis, cauda, erisso et subcaudalibus nigricantibus ; alis caudaque subtus griseis, remigum margine interna ulbida ; rostro nigricante, pedibus corneis. Long. al. 2°95, caud. 2:3, rostr. "65, tars. "75, (poll. Angl.). Jr. olivaceo-brunnea, remigibus externe olivaceis; subalaribus obscuris. я Hab. та insulis Pelewensibus, Marianis, et Carolinis. This species belongs to the group of M. cardinalis, nigriventris, and chermesina, but is at once distinguished from all of these by the greater extent of the red colour in the adult, only the vent and under tail-coverts being black. Myzomela major was founded by Bonaparte on specimens of this bird from the Caroline Islands, and characterized as “ Similis M. 1879.] мк. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 271 rubratre, sed major et ретсосстеа But any such difference iu size is not constant, and Dr. Hartlaub says (1. с.) that Pelew birds are as large as Caroline ones. The young bird is nearly uniformly dark olive-browu, and gradually attains Из full plumage by the gradual appearance of the red on various parts of its body. AM. rubratra is remarkable for its wide range over the archipelagos of the North-eastern Pacific. Lesson found it on the island of Ualan in the east of the Caroline group (his assertion that it was also found in the Philippines by M. Dussumier being of course erroneous), as did Kittlitz, who gives an interesting account of the habits of this species as observed by him on this island and the Marianne Island of Guam (Denkwürd. ein. Reise, i. pp. 364 and 381, 1858). Kubary found it on Ponapë in the east, and on Yap and the Mackenzie Islands in the west, of the Carolines; so that it is probably found all over that archipelago. Specimens from these islands are in the Godeffroy Museum ; likewise examples from the Pelews (or Palaos) Gray, in lis Catalogue of Pacific birds, gives “Island of Vanicoro” with a query ; but in all probability this is a mistake, for as yet no Myzomela has been found there. 20. MYZOMELA NIGRIVENTRIS. Myzomela nigriventris, Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 150, pl. 41. f. 2 (1848); Cassin, U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 175, pl. 12. f. i. (1858); H. & F. Orn. Centralpolyn. p. 56, t. 7. f. 3 and 4 (ad. and jr.). Myzomela тибгаёга Hartl. (nec Lesson), Wiegm. Arch. 1852, р. 130 (ex Samoa). Myzomela cardinalis Натй. (nec Gmel.), Wiegm. Arch. 1852, . 109. à “Myzomela атпоихі, Verr." Bonaparte, C. К. xxxviii. p. 263 (1854). Ad. capite, dorso wropygioque cum pectore fulyido-coccineis, plumis ad basin nigris ; corpore subtus, macula auteoculari, alis caudaque nigris; remigibus interne albidis ; rostro pedibusque nigris. Long. al. 2°75, caud. 118, rostr. "65, tars. "7 (poll. Angl.). Jr. olivaceo-fusca, subtus dilutior et flavido lavata ; uropygto rubro tincto ; remigibus olivaceo-limbatis ; subalaribus et margine interna remigum albis. Hab. in insulis Samoensibus. This species is very closely allied to M. cardinalis, which it replaces iu the Samoa group. The differences between the two I have pointed out under the last-named species. From M. rabratra, with which it was at first confounded, both these species differ in the black flanks and belly, these in M. ru- bratra being red, only the vent and under tail-coverts being black, whilst the red on the chest in all three of these species easily sepa- rates them from M. lifuensis. M. nigriventris is confined to the Samoan Islands, its reported oc- currence in the Fijis being erroneons (cf. Layard, Ibis, 1876, р. 391) 272 MR. W. А. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. [ Маг. 4, and founded on a mistake of Dr. Graffe. It is apparently rather a com- mon bird in the Samoan group, occurring both on Savaii and Upolu. 21. MyzoMELA CARDINALIS. Cardinal Creeper, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 733, pl. 33. £. 2 (1782). Certhia cardinalis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 472 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 290 (1790). ( Cardinal Honey-eater, Lath. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 199, pl. 71. f. 2 1822). Myzomela cardinalis, Gray, B. Trop. Isl. p. 10 (1859); Tristram, Ibis, 1876, p. 261. Myzomela melanogastra, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 263 (1854). Ad. capite, dorso uropygioque cum pectore superiore coccineis, plumis ad basin nigris ; macula anteoculari, alis caudaque nigris, his nitore nonnullo metallico ; corpore subtus Suliginoso-nigro ; remigum margine interna albida; rostro pedibusque migris. Long. al. 2:9, caud. 21, rostr. 7, tars. "75 (poll. Angl.). Jr. Myz. nigriventri similis, sed supra magis brunnea, et subtus dilutior ; dorso uropygioque castaneo-brunneis, nec rubris. Hab. in Novis Hebridibus. This Honey-eater, one of the few of this genus known to the older authors, is very nearly allied to M. nigriventris of the Samoan group, which it replaces in the New Hebrides. The adult bird (I agree with Messrs. Hartlaub and Finsch in con- sidering that in this section of the group the sexes are nearly similar) is distinguished from M. nigriventris by the scarlet of the upper parts and chest being duller, and extending not quite so far down on the chest. The black of the lower parts is less intense, being tinged with brownish ; the white margin to the remiges internally is more distinct ; and the bill is stouter. It is also a slightly larger bird. The young bird is paler and browner above (not so much dark brown as greyish brown), and paler and yellower below; the rump and back are washed with chestnut-brown. Judging from the series of specimens I have seen, the red colour in this species seems to appear first on the Aead, and not on the back as in M. nigriventris. The remiges, as usual in the young of this genus, are externally lined with olive-yellow. From M. /ifuensis this species may be distinguished by its larger size апа by the red extending on to the breast. Latham’s description and figure clearly apply to this bird, not to JM. lifuensis. The irides are marked “ black " ог“ dark brown." Latham describes this bird from the island of Tanna, where, he says, it is called ** Kuyameta " and is common, sucking the juices of flowers; and I have seen specimens collected on that island by Mr. Layard. There are specimens in the British Museum from Erro- mango and Aneiteum (Cuming); and Canon Tristram has received it from the latter island, as well as from Tanna and Aniwa. It thus seems to be confined rather to the southern portion of the New- Hebridean archipelago, being replaced in the north by M. caledo- nica? and M. chermesina. 1879.] мв. W. A. FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA. 273 22. MYZOMELA LIFUENSIS. Myzomela lifuensis, E. L. and L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 258. d capite, dorso uropygioque coccineis ; alis, cauda et corpore subtus toto сит macula anteoculari fuliginoso-nigris ; айв caudaque nitore nonnullo metallico ; remigum margine interna albida ; rostro nigro, pedibus nigro-corneis. Long. tota circa 4:2, al. 2:5, caud. 1°75, rostr. 05, tars. 68 (poll. Angl.). Hab. in Lifu, ex insulis * Loyalty ” dictis. Canon Tristram having kindly submitted to me two skins (пот in his collection, both marked “© males ” and adult) collected by the Messrs. Layard, who first indicated this species, I can give a more complete account of it, and say that it is certainly a very good species. It is nearly allied to M. nigriventris and M. cardinalis of the Samoas and New Hebrides respectively, more particularly to the last, but is at once distinguished from both by the red below not extending beyond the head, the breast being sooty-black like all the rest of the lower parts. It is also a considerably smaller bird ; the bill is shorter and more slender; the tarsi are not so stout, and the claws smaller. From Myzomela erythrocephala it is easily distinguishable by the uniform black of the lower parts. Mr. Layard notes the “beak black, legs very dark brown, iris dark brown," and food “insects.” Both specimens were obtained at Hepenehe, the chief town in the island of Lifu, the largest of the Loyalty Islands. Whether M. erythrocephala of Marie's list (Ibis, 1877, p. 362) is this bird, remains uncertain ; as yet, M. caledonica is the only Му- zomela certainly known to be found on New Caledonia itself. 23. MYZOMELA CHERMESINA. (Plate XXV. fig. 1.) Myzomela chermesina, Gray & Mitch. С. B. i. pl. 38 (1840) ( mala) ; Gray, Cat. В. Trop. Isl. р.11 (1859) ; Forbes, Г. Z. 8. 18 p. 352. d ad. fusco-nigricans, alis caudaque nitore nonnullo metallico ; mento, gula, pectore lateribusque abdominis, cum dorso игору- gioque nitide coccineis, plumis ad basin nigris; subalaribus nigris, remigum pogonio interno griseo; rostro nigro, pedibus brunneo-corneis. Long. tota circa 41, al. 3, caud. 2, rostri 3, tarsi 5 (poll. Angl.). Hab. in insulis Pacificis Rotumah et Mallikollo. This species was first figured by Messrs. Gray and Mitchell in their ‘Genera of Birds ; but no description was given, the species being only mentioned in the list of the species of Myzomela ; nor was any habitat indicated. Bonaparte, and Gray later on, in his * Hand- list’ (vol. i. no. 1989), gave “ New Guinea P” as the locality, without any apparent reason for so doing. The bird was never recognized again till last year, when Mr. Sclater received two specimens, au adult male and a nearly adult female’, from the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., of the Wesleyan Mission, togetlier with some other birds, from the small 1 These birds are now in the Paris Museum. Proc. Тоон, Soc.—1879, No. XVIII. 18 fi 7 o 5 9, 274 MR. W. A, FORBES ON THE GENUS MYZOMELA, (Mar. 4, island of Rotumah, north of the Fijis. Fortunately Gray’s type is still in existence in the gallery of the British Museum ; and on com- paring the birds from Rotumah with it, it was at once evident that they were of the same species, though Gray’s figure represents a bird with a uniformly searlet underside. About the same time Mr. Sharpe got a specimen (from which the figure is taken) of the same bird, apparently identical in every respect, from the island of 22а/ ойо (in my paper, 1. с., by a mistake I wrote Erromango) in the New Hebrides, where it was obtained by Mr. Wykeham Perry, H.M.S. * Pearl! The species thus has a wide range, though I believe the above-mentioned four specimens (which are all nearly or quite adult) are as yet the only ones of this bird ever brought to Europe. The female is similar to the male in colour, but a little duller (conf. 4. c. p. 353). 24. MYZOMELA ROSENBERGI. Myzomela rosenbergi, Schleg. Ned. Туй. Dierk. iv. p. 98 (1871) ; Rosenberg, Reist. Geelv. Baai, p. 138, t. xvi. fig. 2 (1875) ; Meyer, Sitznngs-ber. Wien. Akad. lxix. i. рр. 211, 212 (1874). d ad. niger nitore nonnullo metallico; collo, dorso, uropygioque, сит pectore splendide coccineis ; rostro nigro, pedibus corneis. Long. al. 2:5, сана. 1:7, rostr. а culm. G5, tars. 55 (poll. Angl.). Q rufescenti-brunnea, plumis ad basin nigris, ad rhachin palli- dioribus ; fronte, pectore uropygioque coccineis, mento gulaque nigricantibus ; alis caudaque fuscis, remigibus externe olivaceo- limbatis, tectricum alarum apicibus brunneis; pogoniis internis remigum albis. d jr. femine similis, sed fronte, pectore, uropygio, mento gulaque corpore concoloribus. Hab. in Nova Guinea, This beautiful and very distinct Myzomela was first described by Prof. Schlegel from two specimens, both males, collected by Von Rosenberg in the north-western peninsula of New Guinea. Dr. A. В. Meyer obtained five specimens from the Arfak Mountains near Hattam, at an elevation of about 3500 feet above the sea, during his expedition to New Guinea in 1873. Since then numerous specimens have been obtained by various travellers in the same district. That the species is not confined, however, to the Arfak Mountains is shown by the fact’ that Signor D’Albertis obtained two skins of this same bird, identical with Arfak specimens, from the natives of the neighbourhood of Epa, near Hall Bay, S.E. New Guinea. According to Dr. Meyer the adults of both sexes are similar, and the bird above described as the female (from two nearly identical specimens so sexed by Вессат) is really the young assuming adult plumage. Count Salvadori, however, writes me that he has about 40 specimens of this species, and maintains the view he has already expressed (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. уй. p. 947, 1675), that Meyer’s “ young" are in reality females. Л very young bird ( g) iu Ше 1 Cf. Ann. Mus, Civ. Genova, vii. p. 799 (1875).
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XA mí enfercant 1 entrels libzes dels pbiz llofops e poetes alcuna i cola ab la qual pogues Nen 4) complaure a leg dones virtuofes, ocozvecb laltre dia una pítozia la qual vecita IDetrarcba pobeta laureat, en leg obzes del qual po be fingular affeccio. £ com la 8.Ú. dita pítozia fia fimdada en virtuts de paciencia, pbediencia e amoz coniugal, e a mi fia cert que etre les altres virtuts vos, fenpoza, filats votava daqueltes ma gar i i perço pe deliberat de atromanfat la dita pítozia e ve tremetre leug perque vos e les altres dones virtuoles pzenats eximpli de les cofes en ella contengudes, no per tant que jom pen8 que vofaltres fretuvets dadita — voctrina, cat fens ella lots aflats pacients e Vit/ tuofes, ma8 perço que bopnts la pzefent iftozia filats pus avdéts en feguit les dites virtuts: car diu lo meftre d€ amo2 Duidi, en les obzes del qual en temps que po amaua me folia molt deliz tat, que al cauapl leuget quant cozte no li nou fi — bom li dona aicuna petonadva. SSuplicant vog — quela feguent pítozia vullats benignament boix, e en les aduerfitats, les quals algu en aquelta . peefent vida no pot (quiuar, con locb feva ben temembzar de aquella perço x mils e pus pa/ cientment purats aquelles fofferir, de les quals Peus vos vupla pzeleruar per fa merce, amen. la El fí comença la pítozia de UValter e de Dzifelda. MM Vtalíg es una p:ouincia omada de molts . nobles caftells e viles 2p7 pellava lo mgrquelat de dl SSaluça, ve la qual eva il DDarques un fozt noble baro appellat Vlalter, j07 ue bell e molt gracios, no menys noble de coftumes que de linatge, € finalment en totes cofes fozt infigue/ fino que content De aço que foztuna li bauia donat no cutaua del efocuenido:, e trobaua tan gran plet en caflat, que totes les altres coles que affer b.j. Viítozia de IAalter pauía ne menpípzeaua. E fpecialment no8 cuz taua de pendze muller, de la qual cola los feus vafialls e fotímefes even fozt doléts e delpagçats: log quals con molt bo bagueflen foferit anaven enfemps al dit Vlalter: e la bu vells, lo qual eva ò majo2 auctozitat o per bell parlar o p maioz p:iuadvela que bauía ab lo dit Vlalter, dix ari: (I Molt noble Marques, la tua humanitat dona a nos audacia e golar que tota vegada que los fets bo vequiven ab deuota confiança parlem ab tu, e que ave les voluntats que tots tenim fectetes en log noftvos co2zatges la mia veu notifici a les voftres o2elles: no pag que jo Bage algun interes fingulat en aflo, mas pet tal co tu, fegons que per molts indicis e fenpals bas fouen p2ouat, moltres e veputes Q jo fon a tu molt cat denant tots los altres. Lon donchs totes les tues cofes placien e hagen a no8 tol7 temps plagut, pevço que puram jutjar que fom benguentutats con aptal fenpoz bauem, e que fecem molt pus benauenturats en lo efoeuenivo2 Q tots noftres vebins/ SSuplicam te pumiment ue vulles pendze muller, e que affo vulles fer atravament, cat log jozms fen van e volen fozt leugecament. E jatfefia à tu files en la floz de ton jouent, empeto (a vellefa enfeguer aquelta floz, e la mozt es p2oiíma a tota edat: tot bom egual/ ment ba a mozir, e la boza es incerta. IDlaciet ede Biifelda. —— IV donchs d poges les pzegaries daquells qui no menpfpzearien log teus manaméets, e comana a nos la eleccio ò la muller, cat nos lat p:ocuraré tal que ella feva digne de acotat fe a tu, e de tal linatge que tots pozem (tat ab bona Íperança de ella. Seliuvens vdonds vaquefta trifta de ancia en que fom, perço Q li Deus odifpolaua en altra manera de tu no ten analles menys de levelme fuccefio2, e nos vtomagueflem fens vegido: alcun. (IL avoncbs lo dit Vlalter mogut p les piadoles — pataules dels feus, dix: (i Clolaltres, amicbe, me fozçats de fer ço Q james no fo en lo meu co2, om advelitaua que viíques en libertat, la qual 02€ tart es en matrimoni, perque jom fotímet de bon grat a la voluntat de vofaltres. EE jatíia que jo confiu de la voftra fauiela e fe, Vull veleuat a vofaltres del carrecis que volets pendze per mí, cat jo mater men vull bauner lo atfany de fercar lam: com he fia cert que la noblea de la bun no ennobleer taltre, e que moltes vegades los fills fon veflemblats als partes. Lot lo be qui es en la períona no li ve daltre fino de eu, al qual jo coman mi e tots mos afers, Íperant que ell me trobara cola Q fera erpedièt a vepos e falut mia. FE pus volaltres trobats plafer que jo p:engua muller, p2omet vos que jo complire voltxe defi en b2eu, pero vull quem p2ometats que qual fe vulla muller que jo pzena ab fobitana bono2 e bi. Viítozig de Talter renevencia la tracbtarets, e que entre volaltves no bage alcú quin diu mal nes clam òla decs cio per mi faevoza. Qual fe vulla muller que b pendze aquella vull que fia voftra enpoza, e fie ari tractada per volaltres com. fi eta filla del emparado2. (I Lavonchbs tots a una veu con/ co20ablement li paometeren fozt alegrament de attend2e e complit fon manament, ari con adlls qui per (obzes Ò goig apenes cupoòguen veure lo die de les noces, ab tant gran plet lo elperauen, Lo qual die lo dit Vlalter los affigna que foflen aparellats a la celebzacio de aquelles. IE no tes menps mana als feus vomelticbs e familiars Q P a aparellafien les cofes neceffaties a la fefta. ED molt luny del palau òl dit marques eva fituada una vila petita poblada ò I alguns pagefes fozt pochs e pobzee, I a entretequals ni auia .j. pag pobzeque tots los altres appellat IJanicola, e paunia una filla appellava Szifelva aflats bella ò co28, mag eva pus bella de bones cuftames e de virtuts del co2atge, la qual le eta nod2i0a en fobitana po/ b2eÍa, ab vianda groflera: e ighozant tot defig carnal james no bauia imaginat ne girat lenz teniment en folls ne delicats penfaments, ans . tepolaua en lo feu pit vitginal cozatge dome vell ede Biifelda. — V e faui, e ab ineftimable cavitat feruia diligentmét fon pare: e paftutant algunes poques de ouelles que bauia filaua calcun jo2zn, e pups tomants fen a cafa apatellaua cols o (pinacbs, o altres viandes coninents a la fua condicio, e fabia lo lit a fon pare: e finalment tot fon temps delpez nía en pietat e obediencia filial. (I E co Plalter bagues acuftamat de pafiat fonen per la cala de fon pare, e fagues p2es elment moltes vegades ve la virtut daquelta nina, la qual virtut no eva manifeftada a la gent nen parlaua algu perço con eva de tan baix (tament, lo dit Clalter fe mes en co2 de pendze aquelta per muller (obze totes les altres. SS Y " 0 ed a: 3 N - CA CES Vltozía de Palter P dia ve les nupcies fe acoltaua, e totbbom fe meraueplaua don venòzia i EI la nouia, e qui eva. E lo dit Vlalter entretat fabia p2ouifio $ anels daur, De co2ones e daltves o:naments: e feu fer veí/ tadures, calçes e fabates a foma o a melura Daltva donsella la qual eva de ftatura femblant a PBaifelva. (1216 tant vencb lo die affignat, e có algu no fabes noues ve la nouia, tot pom ftech fo2t mavauellat, e maiozment perço con ja eva bo2a de dinar, e la vianva e la cafa eren ja apa/ tellavbes. L'avocbs Clalter ari có fi vegues exir a carrera a la Íua Ípola, iíque foza lo feu palau be acompanyat de molts nobles homens e 007 nes, d2ellant (on cami ves la vileta vefius dita. (I D:ifelva ignozant les coles que per ella even aparellades, e apoztant apqua en un canter en lo feu cap entvafien en la cala ve fon pare perço que Ípatras ço que affet auia e que anas ab les altres nines a veure la fpofada de fon fenyo2. £ — pe mentre Valter anaua penfiu entre (i mateix acoftantíe ves la cala de Hanicula, cvioa 5217 feloa per fon nom, interrogant la bon eva fon ave, £ aquella veuetentment e ab gran pumiz itat velposli Q en cafa eta: a laqualoir Vlalrer: MDanali Q vinga a mi. £ có lo pare de la dita PGuifelva fo vengut, lo dit CVJalter pzenent lo per la ma, ab veu bara pevço que algun nou bois, x , N , i NS 7 ' h) ede Difelòg. vi Dir: (I Sanicola, jo fe que tu ames molt a mi, e toftemps be conegut tu pet bo, feel e lepal, e les cofes que a mi plaen jom pen8 que tu les bages per agradables. Empeto una cola fingulatment vull faber de tu, fi vols Bauer a mi per gente qui fo ton fenpo22 E avocbs Benicola, Ípaozdit per les dites paraules, dix: (I 3o no deig ves. voler ne auozrit fino ari con plauta a tu qui eft mon fenyo2. (I Entrem nofen dócbs, dix Vlalter, fols, tots fols, perço que en pzefencia tua jo pure in7 terrogat ta filla. IE ap2es que fozen entrats dins la cala de parra fperant defoza e mereuellat fe tot lo poble, trobaren BSzifelvba molt maraues llada e Ipaboz0i0a del aueniment de tan gran ofte, a la qual dix Vlalter: (1 A ton pare e a mi plau que files ma muller, e pens me i femblants mét placía a tu: pero una cofa te vull demanar, fi vens aco20a0a Q apzes que noftre matrimoni feta acabat e complit lo teu cozatge fe conuenga De bon grat ab lo meu, ari que en alguna cola james nos dvelcouenga ab la mia volentat: e que tot fo que jo volxe fet te placia, e que nom con, trveftaras nem favas mala cara ja mes. Al qual la dita Bnilelva tremolar per la nouitat daqueft fet celpos: I Ssèpo: menu, po no fó digna de tan gran bono2, peto fi la tua voluntat es e foztuna mia que ari fie com tu ba8 dit, jot p:omet que no tant folament fare fo que tu manaras, ang ji—— £ — ra Pet hr a' H H i h a pl A Vitozig de Clalter encare te dicbb que james no penfare ves que fia contra ton voler, ne tu po2a8 fer alguna cola, poíat quem manafles matar, la qual cola fia vefplafent a mi. (i Xflats me balta, dir Vlalter, e moftrant aquella publicament al poble, dir: (i Aquelta es ma muller, aQfta es voftva fépoza, agfta amats e bozats: e fi mi auets car, baiats aquelta molt pus cata. (I E perço que ella no apoztas tes ò la foztuna vella a la nouella cafa, feula velpullat tota nua a les bontades dones Q eren aquí, e vels peus fins al cap la feu veftit de veltadvures noues. La qual ap2es que fo veftida, pentinada e be atveada, apenes la conecb lo poble. FE encontinet Llalter la fpofa e li dona un fozt bell anell: e faent la caualcar en bun cauall — blancb feu la amenat ab gran alegria, pzefent e acompanyant tot lo poble, al feu palau. e de BS felòg. VII EES 2 aquelta maneta fozen celebzades i Emani les noces fozt folempnament : e noftro i Ssenyoz feu tanta de gracia a la dita et NSsfelba que algu no pogue jutgar Q. fos nod:0a en cala de paftoz fino en algti palau impètial, tant eta cata e venerable enuers tots: et apenes coneguera bom qui la conegues de na/ tiuitat, que fos filla ve DDenicala : tanta exa la boneftat de la fua vida, e la noblea ve les fes coftumes, e la dolloz de les fues paraules ab les quals fe titaua log cozatges de les gents. £ no tant lament dins los termens de la fua terva la loauen, an8 encare per moltes altres p20uimn/ cies eta Ícampada la fua vívtuofa fama, axi que molta gent.ab gran affeccio e pler venia per mitat aquella. (I En aquelta manera Vlalter, ennoblept de infigne e benauentutat matrimoni, viuia ab fobitana pau en cala fua, e foza fa cala 8b fobitana amo2 de les gents : e eva tengut per fozt (aui con tant gran virtut amagada deius (a Gran pobzea e fretura ania acoftada a fimateix. El £ no tant folament Bzifelva erercia negocis femenils e domefticias, ans encara con obs pi era ufaua ve officis publicias, e en abfencia ge fon matit teuaua de carrera los plets e queftiós de la terra, e metia pau entre log dilcomvants ab tant bones e (auies paraules e maneres, e ab tanta matuvitat e equaltat ve jup, que totdsom C.j. VYiítozíg de LXalter depa Peu log auia tramela aquelta dona del cel. : a PD palla molt de temps que BDeifelva ) VI fe emp2éVa, per la qual tabo tots log NGE). feus lotímelos ftigueten ab engorola El. ESSGI fperança. Q Upzes ella pari una filla molt bella, e jatfia que fos vaflalls agueflen mes amat fill, empero no tant folament fon marit, ang encara tota la gent ne bac fozt gran plet. (I E apzes pun temps que la filla fo dellatada, jatfia que lo dit Clalter aques aflats p:ouadva la fe ve la muller, empero volcbla prouar e àfieiar mes auant, £ ítant fol en una cambza cvibala, e ab cara trifta dix li ari: Be fabs tu, Baifelva, e nom pens que pla pzefent foztuna te fie oblivat lo tament del temps pafat: be fabs tu encara en qual manera venguiít en aquelta cafa, e con eft aflats cata e molt amada de mi: mas no eft ari cata als nobles bomés de ma tetta, maiorment velpuys que comenfift auer infants, car tenen fe fozt pet eniutiats que fien foftmelos a dona que fie filla de pages axi com tu eft. E es ve gran neceflitat a mi que defig auer pau ab ells, que de ta filla faça no fo que voltia, mag fo que a ellg plauta: e conendzamen a ffer cola quem fera la pus trifta e la pus dvolo2zoía que io pogues fer, pero no bo volria fer Q tu no bo fabefles, perque vull que tu bo confentes e que bi aies aquella id e MS ed e de Sifeldòg. 'vII paíciencia la qual me p2ometift en lo comença/ ment de noftre matrimoni. Ladvochbs Dzifelva, boives aqueftes pataules, (ens mudament de coloz e ve paraula, dir: Lu eft noftre fenpoz, e po e aquelta filla tua fom teus: fe de les tueg coles axi có te plauta, cat ves no pot a tu plauve que a mi delplacia, cat io no delig auer veg ne be pa02 0e peròze signa cola en aQft mon fino tu. So be ficaves aQites coles en lo mig vel meu ç02, les quals iames no exitan per paflament De loncis temps ne pet mozt: totes cofes impoffi, — bles fe pozien abans fer quel meu co2zatge nos mudaria. (I Ladvocbe Vlalter, fozt alegre per la dita relpolta, mas difimulat bo có mils pogue, fe adés veuant ella vemoftrant que eta fozt trift. ('Apzes hun vi trames li.j. dels feus algots sits en lo qual ell fe fiaua molt (ben certificat de fa intencio € de ço Q ell entenia a fer ) lo qual vinent a ella gtan boza de nit li dix: CU SSenyoza mia, perdonem e placiet que nom tigues en mal fo que io fozçavament be a fer. La tua fauiela fab quina cola es qui ba affer ab fenpoz al qual bom no pot contreltat per duta cola e cvuel que man efler feta, SDon fenpoz ma. manat que po pzengue aquefta infanta, e que aquella::::: (216 paraula efironcada leras ve parlar e De dit lo cruel minifteri Q deuia exercir. SSolpitofa eva la fama del algotsit, foipitofa eva la cata, CU. Vítozia de Galter fofpitola eva ta bo2a, lofpitoles eré les paraules ab les quals jatíeffia que ella clarament entenes que aquell deuia anat matar la Ína dolla filla cata, empero no gita lagremes ni folpita gens, ta qual cola no fotament foza ada molt dura a mare, ans bo fo2za femblantment a nomifia. Bous ab bona cata p:enent linfanta, guavoant ta un petit, e belant aquella, benepla e feu lí lo fenpal de la creu en lo front, edonala al algotsit Dient ti: Cl Eleten, e met en execucio fo que mon fenpoz te ba manat: mas pzecb te de una cola, quet guarts Q befties feres ne ocells no deuo02en ne mengen adít petit co28, ab tal condicio pevo que per mon fenpo2 no fie manat to contrari. (IE ap2eg con lo dit algotsit fen fog toznat a fo fenyo2 e li agues recitat fo que per ell era tat Ot a la dona, e fo que per ella eva ftat velpoft, e li bagues donava fa filla, amoc e pietat paternat mogueren fozt lo dit Clalter : pero ell no tera fon p:opofit, ans la liuta a fon algotsir enbolcava en d:ap8, e mela dins ima gran canafta polata fobze una beítia que la apoztas fnaumét: e feuta aportar ab gran olligencia a Bolunya a fa gers mana, que era muller Sl comte de IDoanico, que tanoons e que la inítrais ab maternal amoz e Audi ve bones cultumes, e que la faes noveir, e Q ta tingues ta fecvetament con puíques, que pom en to mon no pogues (aber de qui eva fítia. E lo e de DSAtelòg. IX Dit algotsir encontinent copli ab gran diligencia fo que li eta manat. (I Upzes Vlalter contiverat fouen les paraules e la cara de fa muller, iames no pogue conerer ne auer fenpal que lo co2zatge De (a Muller fe fog mubat, cat egual alegria, D14 ligencia e cura, acuftumat fevuep e amo2 feblant. ti demoltraua de fet que oabans auia acuftumat: e iameg. no li vemoftra tviftoz ne li feu mencio de (a filla, ne iames delliberadamet ni per incident ma nom de aquella no li exi de la boca, que algu i 18. GEC A I:es de aqueltes cofes que fozen paíz (IR Hiats .iij. anys DDeifelva fe empzenya, AS) A e pariun fo2t bell fill, 8l qual aguecen Men Gra goig € alegria (on pare e tote (08 amicbs. (Í £ a cap de v08 únps que fo dellatat, Valter tozmant en la acuftumada curofitat dir a . fa muller aptals paraules: (i Be creu que ates boit dit con lo meu poble ba gran defpler e no pozta paícientmèt lo noftve matrimoni, mai024 — ment defpuys que tu baguift e comentift pauet infants : pero james nolg labe tant greu con feu Vefpups que tu baguift fill: car dien entre ells, e p0 qui moltes vegades bo be boit, Q capzes ta mozt ve Plalter lo net de Benicola fenpozeiat ba a nos, e a aquells es fozt gven que tat noble terva. fia fotímela a avptal fenyo2. L aicú die entre C.iÓ. Viítozía de Lalter lo poble (e dien eftes paraules, p les quals io qui fon fozt defipos de tepos, e a la veritat me tem De perills de ma períona, me fomocts moltes de vegades que daqueft infant faça ço que Pe fet de fa germana: mag denunciulxo abans perío que fobtola e inopinada dolo2 not to2bag. E 15217 felba velpos: (I Senyo:, ia bo be dit, e are bo tepetelcia, Q io no pur tes fer, ne vull ne no vull fino fo que a tu plau, cat io en adfts fills no be als fino los treballs : tu eft fenpoz ve mi e Vells, per que fe a ta guifa deflo I teu, e no bi vemans mon confentiment, cat en axí con en lentcament que fiu de la tua cafa me delpulli les veftadures, ari defpulli les mies voluntats e defigs, e veftim los teus, per que en quallevulla manera tu vulles alguna cola po femblantment vull aquella : cat fi po fog certa de la tua voluntat, ia agueta co/ menfat a voler e vefipar ço que tu deliges: mas mé lo teu co2atge no pur smprrel ve bon gtat eguite aquell, IE fi tu trobes plaer Q po mupze, tantolt mozre volenterofament, cat alguna cofa finalment ne ta mozt fera egual a la noftta amo2, (I Ladvonchs Vlalter merauellantfe ve là conítancia e fermetat ve la fembza, partiís ab triíta cata venant ella : e encontinent tvames li lo algotsit Q ia altra vegada li auia tvemes, lo qual ap2es que ab gran inítancia li acbs demanat peroo fi ti fepba ves delplalent, ari có fí vegues e de Biifelòg. X a fer un grà cvim, demana linfant, E Brifelva ab cava e co2zatge veflo dita p2eg entrels b2aços (6 fill bell e fozt gtacios, no tant folament p ella amat, ma8 per tots aquells quil auien vift e boit nomenar, e faèrli lo fenpal ò ta creu en lo ftont e benepntlo ari con guia fet de la filla, e Íguavoat lo gran tona e befant aQUl, fens tagremes ne fol pits vonal al algotsit defius dit, DIEt li: El Llet afi mó fill, fe dell fo que tes manat, mas de una cola te p2ecb, Q fi fer fe pot no iadiques maniat a les beíties laluatges ne a oucepls los delicats membzes de aquelt tant noble infant. (I ZApzes lo algutsit fen tozna ab linfant a fon fenyoz dient li les coles deflus dites, en to qual fe mereuella molt e tant fo2t, que fino con ell eta cert de la gran amoz que BGeifetva auia a fos fills, a pocb aguera auda fofpita que aquefta foztalela ftemenil no partig de enozma crueltat. E apzes tvemes lo dit infant per talgotsit a Botunya, ari con auia fet de la filla. ESE Ots los veffo dits experimets ec exiplis "Ui tl De benuolEla e fe cóiugal pogueré auer 0), Ni baftat a Vlalter: mas molts bomens ml (On Qui no8 (aben lerar e abftenit de la Víto2ig de Lalter mudaus pet fo Q li auia fet, e null temps pogue conerer en ella alguna mutacio, mas de die en die la trobaua pug feel e ab maio2 affeccio enues ell, ari que abdolos femblauen de bun co2zatge, car la muller, axi con vefius auem ort, no volia ne auozría alguna cofa fino axi con a (on marit plabia. (l JPoocto apocb fe comença gra pai mala fama $ Vlalter, ço es afaber Q ab crueltat e duricia inbumana, petrço con fe dg ara vel baix e pumil meride guia fet ab LSnfelva, auia manat matar fos fills, cat algú no podia veure fos infants ne fabia bom bon eren: per la qual cola VJalter qui folia efler tingut pet faui Bom €e noble, e folia efler molt cat als feus fotímefes, fo teputat a les gents per infamig € odios : e gens p aflo to feu cozatge nos mudaua nes enclinaua, ans p:ocebia continuament ab foípitola feuevitat en la experiencia que auia comeníada. Mama Om apzes la natiuitat Ò fa filla fofien OH pafiats.rij. ape, ell vemes miffatgers l a aIRoma qui fefien femblant o fenyeffé a Que apoztaffen letres del (Sapa ab leg quals fos mela fama entvel poble que a ell eva donada licencia per lo dit papa, que per vepos e pau de ell e ve fes gents, leparat lo peimer matrimoni pogues péoze altra muller, La quel e dC Bfeldg. XI fama con fos peruenguda a noticia de BS2ifelva iom pens que la delcolola e li dona gran tviftoz: mas ella no fen mogue gens, ans ftecb ferma ari con aquella qui de fi matera e de fo del feu guia ia oz200nat una vegada e difpolt, (perant Q manaria effer fet della pet Clalter, al qual ella fa períona e les (unes coles auia fubiugades e lots mefes. (I Vlalter auia ja temes a Sulunya a fon cunpat p2egantlo que li amenas fos filla. E la fama fe elcampa que adlla vonsella li ames nauen que fos fa muller : la qual cola (ó cunpat feelment eragui, £ amenantli ta donsella que ia era $ edat de maridar, bella e excellent e ò bells omnamets avresda, e amenat ab ella fon germa qui femblantment era de edat de .rúj. anps, ab gran companya de nobles Pomens e cauallers, cert Die p ell o200nat comérça fon cami, E entre tant Ulalter per fo quen temptas fa muller, axi com auia acuftumat, a maio2 doloz e vergonya della feula venir publicament denant gran parz tida del poble, e dirli: (I 3jom aovelitaua aflats en ton matrimoni no go2dat lo linatge d6 vens ma8 les tues coftumes, e are fegong ú veig tota gran foztuna es gra feruitut e gran fubiugacio, cat a mi no eg legut de fer fo que feria legut de fer a un laurado2, Log meus veffaple.me fozfen e lo papa 'bi content que io baie altva muller, la qual ia ve e feng dubte en bzeu Pic fera, per que 0 .j. Vftozia de Tlalter fta ab fo2t co2 e dona locb a aGlla, e apoztaten ab tu lo dot que bic apoztiít. LL omaten a cafa De ton pare: no es foztuna en lo mon que dur rpetualment a la períona. Ladvoncbs f52ú/ eldva telpos: (I SSenpoz meu, toftemps fabi em tingui per Dit que Etve la tua magnitut e la mia pumilitat nop ba alguna p2opozcio, e toftemps fup certa que no tant (olament eva indigna de efler ta muller, mas encara Ò effer feruenta tua. FE juvte per Deu Q en ran cala tua de la quat tu ma8 feta fenpo2a, toltemps (ó (tava fecuenta din8 Mó co2atge : perque daqueft temps que Pe perfeuerat ab tu ab molta ò bonoz e meg que io no mereria fas moltes gracies a Peu e a tu: al fobzepus te telponcia que fon aparellada ab bon co2 e alegra de tomarmen a la cala ve mó pate, e alla bon me nodzí en ma puericia finit ma vellefa e moziv benauètutada e Bonozable vioua, la qual fon ftava muller ve tan noble baro có tu e(t. 3f0 de bon grat do locbb a la nouella muller, la qual placia a Deu Q en bon punt pic venga. E pus a tu plau iom partelcb Saffi alegtament: mas con manegs que mé pozt lo meu dot be veig jo quin es, e bem membze con io fup velpullada ve les mies veftadures en lo linvar de la pozta de mon pare, € ap2es que fup veftiva de les tues vingui a tu: e lo meu dot no es ftat altre fino fe e nuditat. Clet donques pom defpull aquefta e de SA felòg. XI veftadura e veltituelch te lo anept ab què fpofift: los altres anells, vetadures e atrveaments log uals me auies donats, en la tua cambza fon. IPua iíqui de la cafa de mon pare e nua Pi to2/ nate, fino quem pat no fie digna cola que aqft meu ventre en lo qual los fills que tu engenrit ban ftat, aparega nuu al poble: per que fí a tu plau, e no en altra manera, te fuplicis catamét que en pzeu de la mia virginitat la qual apozti affi e la qual no men apozt, me vulles lerar una camifa ve aquelles que io fotia veftit con ftaua ab tu, ab la qual pure cobzit lo ventre de mí qui folia efler ta Muller. (I Dels ulls $ Vlalter capé fo2t fpefles lagremes e nos podia abltenir de plo2zat : e gitant la cata detvas ab paraules tres molants dix: (I Blau me que baies una cama: e plozant partis denat ella. L'avochs BGzifelva fe delpulla totes les veftadures e tomas (olamét en camiía e ab lo cap e peus nuus: e exi ve la ua cala acompanyantla molta gent qui lí plozauen Detras dient mal ve la (ua foztuna. eran Rifelva fens plozar ne div alguna pa/ El he Vi taula mala fen tozna a cala fon pare. 8) J 3anicula, qui toftemps les nupcies El quia gudes p fofpitoles, e de les quals tames no auia Ípetat algun be, ang moltes vez gades. auia pmaginat que Plalter nos tendzia p I Dj. Vítozíg de Talter arveat $ auer muller de tant baix tament, e que aquella qualque dia con ne feria ugat gitaria De cafa, auia ftojat en bun loch defat de la cafa la ea afp2a, g:ofia, íquiniada e atnada que fa ipla folia apoztar: e opt lo b2ogit que la gent. feplsa acompanyant Beifelva, la qual fens dit alguna paraula fen toznaua, exili a carrera en lo linbar de la pozta, e cobzí aquella mitg nua De la veftadura antiga. (l oer alguns dies la Dita Meifelva fects ab fon pare ab meranellola bumilitat, axi Q en ella no podia pom concret algun fenpal de triftoz, ne que ella anpoza8 ne vefigas la foztuga p:oípeta que duia pevòuòa, cò toftemps ftant en fa p2olperitat agues vilçut Ppumil e pobze de fperit. l TI i D comte de Poanico fe acoftaua ta ab IH la dita donsella, e gran fama anaua i'BBIR per la terra 8 les nouelles nupcies: € tre molta companya del dit comte eta la a SSaluça, qui auía dit al marques lo i02n quel comte feria aqui. £ Vlalter mana venit 15217 felba al palau, a la qual ap2eg Q venotament fo veriguoa deuant ell li 0r: El bé gran defig que aquefta vonsella que bic fera dema a dinat te veebuda bonozablement, e log bòmeng e leg Dones qui ab ella venen, e feblantmét l68 meus quí feran en lo conuit, axi què fie feta bono2 a ede BReldg. l XIII calcun de locb e de pataula fegons fa dignitat: e (o en ma cafa no Pe fembzeg qui fien abtes en fet aço, per tu jatfia no fies be veltida, qui fabs les mies maneres e coftumes, penoza8 carrech DE veebze e collocar les boltes fegos Q fer fe deu, Lavoncbs Beifelva velpos: ment fave ve bon grat, mas ab gran defig aflo e totes aquelles coles que io fabze que a tu vend2a en plev: e mentre Q io vifque no fere puiada nem anuiave de fer fo que tum manaras. FE encons tinent a maneta ve una feruenta comenía de endeeflar lo palau e de patar les taules e log lits, e de amoneltar les altves companyes que lí ajuvafien. / mal Doza de tercia vel feguent dia lo Ni comte ve IDanico vencbb, e tota ta Mai Bi gent fe merauella d€ la bellefa e b07 EB nes cuflumes de la donsella e del infant fon ierma. E even molts aqui los quals vebsien que Vlalter fauiament e benauentutava aula cambiat, e Q ate auia pus ioue e pus bella muller e pus noble que debans, e que autia fo2t bell cunpat. (I £ vementre quel conuit le apares laua BGzfelva fo aqui continuament pzefent, e fens que nos dona confufio ne vergonya de la vefauentura que li eta foenenguya ne $ la vefta, aura (quinlava Q veltia, exi a carrera ab alegra 0. ij. Po tant (ola, . Viítozig de Lalter cava a la donzella, dientli: (I Ssenyoza, be fiats vos venquda: e pups acollí be tots los altres. ds E vementre Q ella ales rey dE gtamét acompanyaua A — P e veebia los conuidats ab plalents e graciofes dc 7 paraules, e o2d0na lo eO/) palau en tal manera Q AN Per tot bom, Ípecialment UN MEC log Rrangers fe meres Pau É uellauen con tan gran 2 le ed laniela e mageltat de o Es a ES dd bones cuftumes fe ama/ pen ius tal babit, ella no8 podia fadollat de 0ar en diueríes maneres la dita donzella e linfant fon germa. Glalter con tot bom fe deuia afleuve a taula givas Euers DSzifelva, e ab clava veu venat tots trabent fen quaix Ícarn della dir: (i Quet par daquelta mia Ípofa, es aflats bella e bonelftas (I Lert boc, dix Baifelva, car io nom peng que en lo mon fen pogues trobar pus bella ne pus bonelta, e fí ab aquelta no bas pau e tranquillitat e viva benauentuvada, no pens Q ab altra en lo mon la poguefles auer. £ placia a Peu que axi fie que ab ella viíques ab pau lon/ gament: mag de una cola te pzecbs et amonelt, que aqueíta no vulles maltractat ari con bas tractada laltva, cat adita es pus ioue e nodz108 e de D2felòg. XIV pus delicavament, e nom pens que bo pogues ari fofirit. UE Vlalter elgozvant la alegria e conítancia de PDeifelva la qual tantes vegades cruelment auia offela fens vabo, e auent pietat De la indigna foztuna que lí auia feta foftit, no bo pogue foltenit, e dix: ID Beifelva, aflats es coneguda a mi e es p:oua0a la tua amoz e feeltat: e nom pen8 Q deius lo cel fie algu qui tat grans expericcies paie auves $ amo: coniugal. E dient aqueftes paraules, fo2t alegtament e ab gran cupiditat abzafla ta Íua cava muller: la qual per la nouitat daqueft fet faua vergonpola e ari có fig lenaua de dozmit e agues fomiat al/ guna cofa veiplafent: e diri: I ZLu eft folament ma muller, altra non be auda nen aure: fapies que aquefta quer penfes a fie ma elpofada es ta filla, e aqueft quet peníes que fia mon cunyat eg ton fill. Zive bas cobzat enléps totes les coles que en diuerles partides cup0anes guer perous De, 3o vull que fapien tots aquells qui crepen lo conttari, Q po not (on ftat impiados ne cruel, net be volguda convempnat, ma8 p2ouar : ne be volgut matat mos fills, mas amagat aqlls. SS el Vnt aQítes paraules Bzifelva ve gran BAT Guopg tozna mig mozta, e pet fobzes AERY/ UI 0e pietat exi quair foza de fon fenp, e . I ab alegres lagremes lerags anar fo/ Si de lo píto2ig. b2e fos filla, e ab2affant aquells e fatiguantlos. ab belaments ípefiog banyals lurs cares ab piadolos gemegaments e foípits. (I £ encontiz nent les altves dones qui aquí even velpullaven alegrament BSzifelva vadlles pobzes veltadures que veítia, e atreatenla de les (nues veltadures acuítumades e la oznaren fozt altamét e mata, uellofa. (I Xqui bac tota la gent gran quopg e — alegria: e en aqil jozn fo feta maior fefta e pus. follempne celebzacio que no lo die de les noces, E pups pet molts Ei vilqueven abdofos ab ran pau e cóco20ia. E Clalter feu venit a cala u3 3anicola fogre feu fozt pobre, al qual ell no guia dat femblant quel pzeas ves perío que no fos fet empatrament a la expetiècia que ell volia fer a fa muller: e feuti molt gran bonoz e molt de be, Jeoups colloca fa filla en magnifich e hos neft matrimoni: e apzes fos dies lera fon fill fenyo2 e fuccefloz de la fua terra. ei eo gracias. so UÚoma g eicriure lo avromançado: vadíta pítozia a la veus dita SSenpo2za Mavona Víabel. y Z p2elent pftozi9, Y CGsenyoza molt graciola, be atromaníada com pus pla be puícut e be fabut, la qual en reculat de vemoltrar la mia groflera ineptitut e atvenimet gran que pe aut con be golat parlat e.Í. log infignes libzes Q ba fets a noftra inftvuccio: fuplicat vo8s, fenpo2a, que la dita iftozia vullats creure ari có es polada, car arifo alla có deflus es dit: jatfia Q alguns menps creents e Viciofog diguen Q impoflible es que dona del Mg a 8 auet la paíciencia e conftancia que de PGzilelda es Ícvita. Als quals pom pozia ben velpondvze Q ells tenen aquella opinio petço có pmaginen que aflo que a ells es dificil fia als altres impoffible: cat moltes dones fon (tades qui Pan bauda merguellofa palciencia, conftancia e amo2 con/ jugal, ari có fo JDozcia filla ve Lato quis mata con fabe que GJarto matit feu eta mozt, e Vpfi7 cratea tegina qui volcbb anat pet lo mon axi com axellada ab MDitvrivates marit feu, e moltes altres cofes les quals de p2elent nom cur de recitat. SSuplicb vos encara, fenpoza, que mi per enuepolos cotra jufticia maltractat vullats aquet per vecomanat en volives deuotes 02ació8: cat noftre SSenpoz ba mes en vos tant ve be, e vos quen fabets tan virtuofamet ufar, que nom pens que venant ell pogueflets trobar vepulía de. — veg que li bemanafiets. XVI di zoòvertencia. PARA er contribvir ob una BCE ( veco:0ança mes a la vinticin, A Qj quena fefta de l'inftauracio dels QV Jocbs S'lozals be Barcelona, pem fet elftampar per pzimera 6 i vegada la p2efent obza del co2onat ls / poeta lo folitavi ve Vlalclola, arvoz / de mançada pet un dels palacians del EL vep en 3joban, l'amad02 de genttlefa. J.ant ve bo que'l llenguatge $elta biftozieta . exemplar efperoni'l defig de conerer Etve moltes ò altres, les obzes oziginals del vertiboz de la matera, un òls mes excelents de noftres filofofs p trobado2 enfemps, p un dels p2imers que fe abellicen del IRenarement. GPi les llengues de mes crit, per mes fegles p mes infpitaves plomes contegves, fe afanpan a publicat ab tant delcalf com es notozi logmaz nuícvits que les veftan de l Eoat mitjana, 2que no veuria ferle per eftudiar l idioma catala en les ob2es antigues que li tomanen, vup que fe 'l veu deronodir del matsinat fubet Q li eloevengue al vebze log afalacbs ve la Eftampa novament trobada, que jatíia arvibas frifiola a noftres plages no pogue veltauvatlo de fa difiozt: La Fan mefter pi ba ve traure a llum confems blants teftimonis fi '8s vol fer de Durada l actual tengrement, Culla Deu que ari com la ee PBaitelva vecobza dr am compta la geíta) log fillets del feu co2 delpups de angorola p2ova, noftva llengua materna replegui fos pzeuats lliç b2e8s per vecozdança del pafíat, glozia de llurs auto28s p guia dels qui golan feguir lluts imz mo2tals petjades a honra de la noftra terra P majo2 enaltiment ve la mare Elpanya. eft fi tenim diverfes obzetes antigues p2e7 parades Lu tantoft feguivan al quadern que aci conclou, fi aqueft es vebut ab la benvolença que eiperam dels triats llegioozs a qui P endzeça, D. 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Columbus is the capital city and largest city of the U.S. state of Ohio. It is in the middle of the state. The Ohio State Buckeyes and Columbus Blue Jackets play there. In 2010 there were 787,033 people. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city in the United States of America. It is the county seat of Franklin County. The city has expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County and Fairfield County. It is named for explorer Christopher Columbus. The city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers. It became Ohio's state capital in 1816. The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology. Columbus has many technology companies. It has the world's largest private research and development foundation, the Battelle Memorial Institute; CAS, or Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; NetJets, the world's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet; and The Ohio State University, the nation's largest campus. In 2008, MarketWatch named Columbus as the 7th best place to do business in the nation. In 2011, the city had five corporations named to the U.S. Fortune 500 list including Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, American Electric Power, Limited Brands, Momentive Specialty Chemicals, and Big Lots. Major foreign corporations operating or with divisions in the city include Germany-based Siemens and Roxane Laboratories, Finland-based Vaisala, Tomasco Mulciber Inc., and A Y Manufacturing, as well as Switzerland-based ABB Group and Mettler Toledo. Media Television stations References County seats in Ohio State capitals in the United States
Northeast Italy ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region. Geography Northeast Italy borders to the north with Switzerland and Austria; to the east with Slovenia; to the south with Liguria (Northwest Italy), Tuscany (Central Italy), Marche (Central Italy) and San Marino; and to the west with Lombardy (Northwest Italy) and, for a very short distance, with Piedmont (Northwest Italy). Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto have a coast in the Adriatic Sea The Alps are in the northern part of the region and the northern Apennines in the south. The highest point, in the region, is Ortles (), in the Alps (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol); it is high. Northeast Italy has the most part of the valley of the Po river (). The Po is the longest river of Northeast Italy and of Italy. Regions Central Italy encompasses four of the 20 regions of Italy, including 36 provinces and 934 comuniː The 10 comuni with more people living in them areː Related pages NUTS level 1: Northwest Italy Northeast Italy Central Italy South Italy Insular Italy Northern Italy Southern Italy References Geography of Italy
TUT.BY is a web portal from Minsk, Belarus, in Russian and Belarusian languages. It has been runned since 2000. It is a very big website in the country. Abstract It is a website to read about the 2020 Belarusian protests and 2020 Belarusian presidential election, more. Because of that, at the end of September 2020, the Ministry of Information of Belarus stopped the TUT.BY’s media rights for three months from October 1. The international organization Reporters Without Borders named it a cruel attack on the web portal. The USA together with more than fifty other countries and the EU asked the Belarusian government to stop such attacks. Founder Yuri Zisser (1960–2020) made the website in October 2000. The website worked with digital media rights since January 2019. Problems Journalist Katsyaryna Barysevich wrote an article about the death of Raman Bandarenka in 2020. She was arrested in Minsk on November 19, 2020. On March 2, 2021, she was sentenced to a half-year in prison and got a fine for that. On May 18, 2021, the TUT.BY office and the houses of its main people were looked for. It was a result of the just opened TUT.BY tax evasion criminal case. Since that day, the domain name was stopped working, copies of the TUT.BY website and the E-mail system of TUT.BY can't be opened. The Ministry of Information of Belarus made such punishment for "prohibited information" that the website has been having over it. One example of such information was named. It was information of BYSOL. BYSOL is a foundation that helps people who got punishments because of the 2020 Belarusian protests. At least 18 people who worked for TUT.BY were arrested on May 18, 2021. As of May 25, 2021, 12 people were put in isolation centers, including the main editor Maryna Zolatava. As of May 25, 2021, three people, including the widow of Yuri Zisser Julia Charnyauskaya, were under a house arrest. On May 25, 2021, nine organizations (the Viasna Human Rights Centre, the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee and others) made a statement together. They named all of 15 people political prisoners. On July 8, 2021, a part of journalists of TUT.BY that was free made the second website Zerkalo.io. They said that this domain name is going to be used until TUT.BY can work in Belarus again. Since July 8, 2021, the website Zerkalo.io can't be opened in Belarus. Awards (2021) References Literature Other websites savetutby.info zerkalo.io Websites Censorship in Belarus 2000 establishments in Europe Free Media Award winners
"The Last One" is a single produced by the hard rock band Black Veil Brides off of their album Vale. The single was released on December 22, 2017. It peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock charts. References https://www.billboard.com/music/black-veil-brides/chart-history/billboard-200/song/1060769 Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2018 2017 songs
Senjutsu is a album made by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden. Songs Disc one "Senjutsu" 8:20 "Stratego" 4:59 "The Writing on the Wall" 6:13 "Lost in a Lost World" 9:31 "Days of Future Past" 4:03 "The Time Machine" 7:09 Disc two "Darkest Hour" 7:20 "Death of the Celts" 10:20 "The Parchment" 12:39 "Hell on Earth" 11:19 Musicians Bruce Dickinson – vocals Dave Murray – guitars Adrian Smith – guitars Janick Gers – guitars Steve Harris – bass, keyboards Nicko McBrain – drums Iron Maiden albums 2021 albums Heavy metal albums
Sixty-four is a number. It comes between sixty-three and sixty-five, and is an even number. Math It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. 64 is the 8th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, and 49. It is the fourth cube after 1, 8, and 27. Other There are sixty-four 1x1 squares on a chess, checkers and draughts board. It is also a power of two. Integers Square numbers
Stephen Gregory "Greg" Fisk (September 26, 1945 – November 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th mayor of Juneau, Alaska, the state capital of Alaska. Before being elected, Fisk had worked as a fisheries consultant. He was elected over incumbent Merrill Sanford by a wide margin in October 2015. Fisk died at his home in Juneau on November 30, 2015 from complications of a fall, aged 70. References 1945 births 2015 deaths Accidental deaths from falls in the United States American mayors People from Juneau, Alaska Politicians from Alaska
"Oh My God" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele. It was released as the second single from her fourth studio album, 30. It was sent to US pop, AC, and Hot AC radio stations on 30 November 2021. It has reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100 in the UK and number two in the UK. Charts References Adele songs 2021 songs
"Oh! Darling" is a song of The Beatles written by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and is the fourth song on the Abbey Road album. Background McCartney later said, "When we were recording 'Oh! Darling' I came into the studios early every day for a week to sing it by myself because at first my voice was too clear. I wanted it to sound as though I'd been performing it on stage all week." In a 1980 interview with Playboy magazine, John Lennon said, "'Oh! Darling' was a great one of Paul's that he didn't sing too well. I always thought I could have done it better—it was more my style than his. He wrote it, so what the hell, he's going to sing it." George Harrison described the song as "a typical 1950s–'60s-period song because of its chord structure." Let It Be session After an early attempt at this song on 27 January 1969 during the Let It Be sessions, Lennon announced, "Just heard that Yoko's divorce has just gone through", after which he and the band burst into an improvised version of the song, singing "I'm free at last" instead of a part of the lyric. Covers Robin Gibb recorded "Oh! Darling" in 1977 for the movie Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Released in 1978 as a single, it reached #15 on Billboard's Hot 100 in September. Huey Lewis recorded a version for the 1995 Beatles tribute Come Together: America Salutes The Beatles. George Benson also recorded a version for The Other Side of Abbey Road EP. London also recorded a version for the Don't Cry Wolf album. It also appears in the movie Across the Universe sung by the characters Sadie (Dana Fuchs) and Jojo (Martin Luther McCoy). Etta Scollo recorded an Italian version in 1988 Bela Fleck and the Flecktones recorded a version for Live Art, with John Cowan providing the vocals Sara Bareilles sang "Oh! Darling" in 2007 as the last song for her appearance on Channel 4's Live from Abbey Road. It featured only herself on lead vocals and her guitarist playing rhythm guitar. Florence + the Machine play a live version on the second CD of the special box set edition of Lungs Sum 41 did this song live during 2007/08. Katelyn Epperly sung this song live on American Idol during the Top 24. Personnel Paul McCartney – vocal, backing vocals, bass, guitar John Lennon – backing vocals, piano George Harrison – backing vocals, guitar, synthesiser Ringo Starr – drums Personnel per Ian MacDonald Notes Other websites The Beatles songs 1969 songs
Oakville is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. Unincorporated communities in Alabama
<p>I want to use the INSERT statement to insert values that come from the SELECT statements in PHP</p> <p>the table of student is not get the data</p> <pre><code>$sql = "INSERT INTO student(academic_major, promo, user_id) VALUES (?, ?, (?));"; $stmtt = mysqli_stmt_init($conn); if(!mysqli_stmt_prepare($stmtt, $sql)){ header("Location: add_student_forum.php?error=sqlerrorstudent"); exit(); }else{ $id = "SELECT id FROM user WHERE email = '$email'"; mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmtt, "sss", $academic_major, $promo, $id); mysqli_stmt_execute($stmtt); header("Location: add_student_forum.php?signup=success".$id); exit(); } </code></pre> <p>when i execute it shows me this header header("Location: add_student_forum.php?signup=success".$id); in the url and i dont know why the table is empty after</p>
The 1958 Asian Games, officially known as the III Asian Games, was a sports event in Tokyo, Japan. It occurred from May 24 to June 1, 1958. There were 112 events from 13 sports and disciplines. 20th century in Tokyo 1950s in Asia 1958 in sports Sport in Japan Asian Games by year May events June events
<p>I am new in mysql. This is my table:</p> <p>category table:</p> <pre><code>id \| name \| prent ---------------------------- 1 \| os \| null 2 \| linux \| 1 3 \| ubuntu \| 2 4 \| xubuntu \| 3 5 \| lubuntu \| 3 6 \| zubuntu \| 3 7 \| zubuntu 2 \| 6 8 \| suse \| 2 9 \| fedora \| 2 10 \| windowse \| 1 11 \| windowse xp \| 10 12 \| windowse 7 \| 10 13 \| windowse 8 \| 10 14 \| food \| null 15 \| dance \| null </code></pre> <p>Each category has a parent and I want to prepare them to show in a drop-down menu.</p> <p>This is what I want to get:</p> <pre><code>id \| name \| depth ---------------------------- 1 \| os \| 0 2 \| -linux \| 1 3 \| --ubuntu \| 2 4 \| ---xubuntu \| 3 5 \| ---lubuntu \| 3 6 \| ---zubuntu \| 3 7 \| ----zubuntu 2 \| 4 8 \| --suse \| 2 9 \| --fedora \| 2 10 \| -windows \| 1 11 \| --windows xp \| 2 12 \| --windows 7 \| 2 13 \| --windows 8 \| 2 14 \| food \| 0 15 \| dance \| 0 </code></pre> <p>Here, categories are not in order and my code has to provide order for children categories far from their parents. Indentation before name is provided based on depth of parents of each category. There is no limit for number of children of each category however the total number of categories will not exceed 100.</p> <p>Is there any query that gives such result? I prefer a query that can be run in form of <a href="http://ellislab.com/codeigniter/user-guide/database/active_record.html">active record</a> in a PHP framework.</p>
<p>I'm working with midi using the Java sound API. Basically I'm trying to achieve a portamento effect where I can slide between different notes. The closest I've gotten is using the setPitchBend() method in MidiChannel. However, this only allows a range of 2 semitones from the note I started with. Is there another way to achieve this portamento effect, or maybe changing the pitch bend range?</p> <p>If there's a way to accomplish this in <a href="http://www.jfugue.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">JFugue</a>, that would be acceptable as well.</p>
<p>I am following the Analytics for iOS (developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/ios/v3/?ver=swift) guide and I've got errors in my Swift code Project that I can't fix. I am working with XCode 6.4, Swift and the iOS Deployment Target 8.1.</p> <p><strong>Step 1</strong></p> <p>First I installed a Google SDK using CocoaPods. This is the console result after running <code>pod install</code> command:</p> <pre><code>Updating local specs repositories CocoaPods 1.0.0.beta.2 is available. To update use: `gem install cocoapods --pre` [!] This is a test version we'd love you to try. For more information see http://blog.cocoapods.org and the CHANGELOG for this version http://git.io/BaH8pQ. Analyzing dependencies Downloading dependencies Using Google (1.0.7) Using GoogleAnalytics (3.14.0) Using GoogleNetworkingUtilities (1.0.0) Using GoogleSymbolUtilities (1.0.3) Using GoogleUtilities (1.1.0) Generating Pods project Integrating client project Sending stats Pod installation complete! There is 1 dependency from the Podfile and 5 total pods installed. </code></pre> <p><strong>Step 2</strong></p> <p>Then opened, as said in the guide, my app's Project .xcworkspace file.</p> <p>My Podfile looks like this:</p> <pre><code># Uncomment this line to define a global platform for your project # platform :ios, '8.0' # Uncomment this line if you're using Swift # use_frameworks! target 'XXXXXX' do source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git' platform :ios, '8.1' pod 'Google/Analytics', '~> 1.0.0' end target 'XXXXXXTests' do pod 'Google/Analytics', '~> 1.0.0' end </code></pre> <p>Where XXXXXX is my Project's name.</p> <p><strong>Step 3</strong></p> <p>I got the configuration file <code>GoogleService-Info.plist</code> and included in my Project adding all the targets (2 targets in my project).</p> <p><strong>Step 4</strong></p> <p>I created a <code>BridgingHeader</code> by by choosing File > New > File > iOS > Source > Header File. I named it <code>BridgingHeader.h</code> and is in the root of my Project. The content is:</p> <pre><code>#ifndef XXXXX_BridgingHeader_h #define XXXXX_BridgingHeader_h #import "Google/Analytics.h" #import <Google/Analytics.h> #include "GAI.h" #import <CoreData/CoreData.h> #import <SystemConfiguration/SystemConfiguration.h> #import "Libraries/GoogleAnalytics/GAI.h" #import "Libraries/GoogleAnalytics/GAIFields.h" #import "Libraries/GoogleAnalytics/GAILogger.h" #import "Libraries/GoogleAnalytics/GAITracker.h" #import "Libraries/GoogleAnalytics/GAIDictionaryBuilder.h" #endif </code></pre> <p>Where "XXXXX" is my Project's name.</p> <p><strong>Step 5</strong></p> <p>Now the problems: I tried to include/import the Google Analytics into my AppDelegate.swift but I can't. This is the error:</p> <p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/NZwzQ.png" rel="noreferrer">AppDelegate.swift import Google Analytics</a></p> <p>I also tried <code>import "Google/Analytics.h"</code> but another error appears: <code>Expected identifier in import declaration</code>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>How can I fix this so XCode doesn't give me errors?</strong></li> <li><strong>Is the BridgingHeader wrong? Do I have to point at this somehow to recognize its inner headers?</strong></li> <li><strong>Do I have to configure something else for the Google Analytics that I am missing right now?</strong></li> </ul> <p>Thank you very much.</p>
<p>In my application, i have 5 dropdown lists.</p> <p>When one dropdown is selected, i need to reset all the other four dropdowns.</p> <p>I am assigning the class clear to all dropdown lists.</p> <p>I am trying to do like this:</p> <pre><code> $("#ddl1").change(function() { $(this).removeClass("clear"); $(.clear).each(function() { $(this).val(''); }); }); </code></pre> <p>But, the above snippet is working. I mean its not clearing other dropdown's</p> <p>Please suggest..</p>
A wicker man is a wicker effigy used in human sacrifice It may refer to: The Wicker Man (1973 movie), British movie starring Edward Woodward The Wicker Man (2006 movie), American movie starring Nicolas Cage, remake of the above
<p>I am trying to write a c++ program that responds to keyboard input. I want to run this as a daemon so I can't use cin, I would also like to output each character as it is pressed to a picoLCD screen that I have set up. What is the best way to do this?</p>
PNSEC TA A VIRIS DOCTISSIMIS NORDENSKIÖLD ILLUM DUCEM SEOUENTIBUS IN INSULIS WAIGATSCH ET NOVAJA SEMLIA ANNO 1875 COLLECTA HYMENOPTERA ET DIPTERA AUCTORE AUG. E. HOLMGREN LEPIDOPTERA AUCTORE CHR. AURIVILLIUS Va kunskap om Novaja Semlias insektverld är af helt ungt datum. I von MinDENDORFS stora verk öfver Sibirien om- nämnäs (1851) 4 arter, Chrysomela septentrionalis, Bombus lappo- nicus, Psodos trepidata, Semblis nitida, såsom funna af v. BaEr pä Novaja Semlia. HEUGLIN åter berättar, att under hans expedi- tion 1870—1871 fångades 4 skalbaggar, 1 humla och 2 vatten- sländor pä ön. Detta var allt, som man kände om insektverlden pä Novaja Semlia, dä prof. NORDENSKIÖLD, åtföljd af zoologerne THEEL och STUXBERG, besökte ön 1875. De dä hopbragta samlingarna innehöllo ej mindre än 16 arter coleoptera, — nu redan beskrifna af framlidne professor F. W. MAKLIN i Helsingfors," — samt 46 hymenoptera, 81 diptera och 2 lepidoptera, hvilka utgöra föremäl för denna uppsats. Det hade varit vär afsigt att läta beskrifningarna ätföljas af bilder öfver de flesta arterna, men som dessas utförande, pä grund deraf att en del originaltecknin- gar förstördes vid en eldsväda i Paris, der de skulle graveras, mäst fördröjas, har det ansetts lämpligt att nu trycka beskrifnin- garna och läta taflorna komma efter, sä snart de blifva färdiga. Under de senaste ären har, sä vidt det blifvit mig bekant, tillförene blott ännu en expedition hemfört insekter från Novaja Semlia och denna företogs sommaren 1879 af den engelske polarforskaren kapten A. H. MarKHAM. I en tämligen djup vik pä östra sidan af södra ön vid 72° 46' nordlig bredd på- träffades dä 3 dagfjärilar: Colias Wastes var. Werdandi ZETT., Argynnis chariclea ScHN., Argynnis improba BUTLER, samt 2 natt- fjärilar, Anarta Richardsoni CURTIS, Anarta lapponica THBG. och 1 mätare, Glawcopleryx Sabini CurTIS (=? Cidaria frigidaria GN.). 1 Öfvers. Finska Vetensk. Soc. Förh. B. 19, p. 15—32, B. 22 p. 79—87 och Svenska Vet. Acad. Handlingar (2) B. 18 n:o 4 48 pg. Jämför äfven SAHLBERG, J., Ent. Tidskr. B. 3 p. 187—190. 142 ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 1883. Alla dessa arter voro förut ej kända från Novaja Semlia, och sär- skildt antog man, såsom det tycktes på rätt goda grunder, att inga dagfjärilar skulle finnas derstädes. * MARKHANS intressanta fynd visa emellertid, huru försigtig man mäste vara vid sädana förutsättningar och uttalanden be- träffande insektverlden i de arktiska landen; ty det händer ofta, att vissa skyddade ställen hysa arter, som annars ej anträffas pä stora sträckor rundt ikring. Att de föregående expeditionerna ej anträffat dagfjärilar på Novaja Semlia förklaras utan tvifvel derigenom, att de besökt mindre skyddade och för hafsvindarne utsatta ställen, hvilka alltid undflys af dagfjärilar och andra mera ömtåliga insekter. Den för närvarande från Novaja Semlia och Waigatsch kända insektverlden består af 16 coleoptera, 4 neuroptera, 81 diptera, 46 hymenoptera, 3 dagfjärilar, 3 nattfjärilar, 2 mätare, I tor- tricid samt 15 Podurider. En längre vistelse på ön skulle dock helt säkert vara af stort intresse för en speciel entomolog, ty flere arter äro nog ännu att finna derstädes. Hvad man nu känner om Novaja Semlia's insektverld angifver en ganska nära likhet med insekt- faunan vid Jenissei's mynning, i det att på ön finnas flere for- mer, som hittills blott äro funna i det arktiska Asien, men ej i Europa. ! MARKHAM, A. H., A polar Reconnaisance, London 1881, 8:0. Insecta by R. M'LACHLAN. Stockholm i November 1883. Christopher Aurivillius. W
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Рипсе у-Ѕреег Library \|\|] ШИН 1 1072 00065
Ulzana's Raid is a 1972 American western movie directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Burt Lancaster, Richard Jaeckel, Bruce Davison, Douglass Watson, Joaquin Martinez. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. Other websites 1972 movies 1970s western movies American western movies Movies directed by Robert Aldrich
Bronisław Maria Komorowski (born 4 June 1952, Oborniki Śląskie) is a Polish centre-right politician and the ex-President of Poland. He was elected on 5 July 2010, after President Lech Kaczyński died in a plane crash near Smolensk, Russia. Previously, Komorowski, who is a member of the Sejm since 1989, was an opposition activist during a period of communist rule, Minister of Defense (2000-2001) and Marshal of the Sejm (2007-2010). A member of the old Polish nobility, he's related to, among others, General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, who led the Warsaw uprising during World War II, and to Crown Princess Mathilde of Belgium. References Other websites The only Official Biography of Bronisław Komorowski(in English) The official website of the President of the Republic of Poland Polish Lower House (in English – Polish version) Civic Platform Wprost 24 1952 births Living people Presidents of Poland Marshals of the Sejm
<p>In my website every item exist in English version. Now if a user with <code>Content Language ='Danish'</code> wants to access an item which does not exist in '<code>Danish</code>' language. The users actually see nothing, what I want to do is that if the item does not exist in desired language then get the English version of it.</p> <p>I am doing this to achieve my goal:</p> <pre class="lang-cs prettyprint-override"><code>string itemId = "{05B1C498-39D1-40D6-B454-2A3277A6DDF9}"; Item versionItem = Sitecore.Context.Database.GetItem(itemId); if (versionItem.Versions.Count > 0) lblOutput.Text = "Item does not exist in desired language"; else { versionItem = contextDatabase.GetItem(itemId, Sitecore.Data.Managers.LanguageManager.GetLanguage("en")); lblOutput.Text = "Here is the item in default English language"; } </code></pre> <p>Is it the right way to achieve what I want? because my concern is that then I have to use this code to access every item. Is there any global settings or some thing like this so that I can get the item in '<code>English</code>' language if it is not exist in <code>desired</code> language. </p>
<p><strong>problem</strong></p> <p>when run/deploy the app (ionic serve) in the console see this error</p> <pre><code>Uncaught TypeError: _firebase_app__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default.a.registerVersion is not a function at auth.esm.js:372 at auth.esm.js:372 at Module.<anonymous> (auth.esm.js:372) at Module../node_modules/@firebase/auth/dist/auth.esm.js (auth.esm.js:374) at __webpack_require__ (bootstrap:83) at Module../node_modules/firebase/auth/dist/index.esm.js (index.esm.js:1) at __webpack_require__ (bootstrap:83) at Module../node_modules/@angular/fire/auth/auth.module.js (auth.module.js:1) at __webpack_require__ (bootstrap:83) at Module../node_modules/@angular/fire/auth/public_api.js (public_api.js:1) </code></pre> <p>the auth.esm.js file shows in the end of file this line of code with error underling </p> <pre><code>;firebase.registerVersion("@firebase/auth","0.13.3");firebase.INTERNAL.extendNamespace({User:Q})}else throw Error("Cannot find the firebase namespace; be sure to include firebase-app.js before this library.");})();}).apply(typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : {}); </code></pre> <p><strong>environment</strong></p> <pre><code>Ionic: Ionic CLI : 5.4.13 (C:\xxxx\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\ionic) Ionic Framework : @ionic/angular 4.11.7 @angular-devkit/build-angular : 0.12.4 @angular-devkit/schematics : 7.2.4 @angular/cli : 7.2.4 @ionic/angular-toolkit : 1.2.3 Cordova: Cordova CLI : 8.1.2 ([email protected]) Cordova Platforms : android 8.1.0 Cordova Plugins : cordova-plugin-ionic-keyboard 2.2.0, cordova-plugin-ionic-webview 2.5.3, (and 11 other plugins) Utility: cordova-res : 0.8.1 native-run : 0.3.0 System: Android SDK Tools : 26.1.1 (E:\ANDROID_SDK) NodeJS : v12.14.0 (C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe) npm : 6.13.4 OS : Windows 10 </code></pre> <p>Updated <strong>webpack.config.js.</strong></p> <pre><code>const path = require('path'); const webpack = require('webpack'); module.exports = { plugins: [ new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ 'window.SQL': 'sql.js/js/sql.js' }), new webpack.NormalModuleReplacementPlugin(/typeorm$/, function (result) { result.request = result.request.replace(/typeorm/, "typeorm/browser"); }), new webpack.ContextReplacementPlugin( /\/package-name\//, (data) => { delete data.dependencies[0].critical; return data; }, ), // new webpack.ContextReplacementPlugin(/\@angular(\\\|\/)core(\\\|\/)esm5/, path.join(__dirname, './client')) ], node: { fs: 'empty', net: 'empty', tls: 'empty' }, optimization: { minimize: false }, externals: { 'react-native-sqlite-storage': 'react-native-sqlite-storage' } }; </code></pre> <p><strong>package.json</strong></p> <pre><code>{ "name": "xxx.xxxxx", "version": "1.0.0", "author": "xxxx", "homepage": "https://xxxx.com.ar/", "scripts": { "ng": "ng", "start": "ng serve", "build": "ng build", "test": "ng test", "lint": "ng lint", "e2e": "ng e2e" }, "private": true, "dependencies": { "@angular/animations": "^7.2.2", "@angular/common": "^7.2.2", "@angular/core": "^7.2.2", "@angular/fire": "^5.3.0", "@angular/forms": "^7.2.2", "@angular/http": "^7.2.2", "@angular/material": "^7.2.2", "@angular/platform-browser": "^7.2.2", "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "^7.2.2", "@angular/router": "^7.2.2", "@firebase/app": "^0.4.25", "@firebase/polyfill": "^0.3.29", "@ionic-native/app-version": "5.17.0", "@ionic-native/camera": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/core": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/device": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/fcm": "^5.19.0", "@ionic-native/file": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/geolocation": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/google-plus": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/image-resizer": "4.17.0", "@ionic-native/native-audio": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/splash-screen": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/status-bar": "^5.17.0", "@ionic-native/unique-device-id": "^5.17.0", "@ionic/angular": "^4.11.7", "@ionic/storage": "2.1.3", "@types/googlemaps": "^3.25.36", "angular2-uuid": "^1.1.1", "bluebird": "^3.5.1", "cordova": "^8.1.2", "cordova-android": "^8.1.0", "cordova-ios": "4.5.5", "cordova-plugin-app-version": "^0.1.9", "cordova-plugin-browsertab": "^0.2.0", "cordova-plugin-buildinfo": "^2.0.3", "cordova-plugin-camera": "^4.1.0", "cordova-plugin-compat": "^1.2.0", "cordova-plugin-device": "^2.0.3", "cordova-plugin-fcm-with-dependecy-updated": "^4.1.1", "cordova-plugin-file": "^6.0.2", "cordova-plugin-geolocation": "^2.4.3", "cordova-plugin-googleplayservices": "^19.0.3", "cordova-plugin-googleplus": "^5.3.2", "cordova-plugin-ionic-keyboard": "^2.2.0", "cordova-plugin-ionic-webview": "^2.5.3", "cordova-plugin-nativeaudio": "^3.0.9", "cordova-plugin-nativestorage": "^2.3.2", "cordova-plugin-splashscreen": "^5.0.3", "cordova-plugin-statusbar": "^2.4.3", "cordova-plugin-uniquedeviceid": "^1.3.2", "cordova-plugin-whitelist": "^1.3.4", "cordova-sqlite-storage": "^3.4.1", "core-js": "^2.5.4", "firebase": "^7.5.0", "imagemin": "^5.3.1", "info.protonet.imageresizer": "^0.1.1", "ionic-angular": "^3.9.9", "ionicons": "3.0.0", "local-storage": "^1.4.2", "moment": "^1.7.2", "ng-lottie": "^0.3.2", "ng2-reactive-forms-validators": "^1.1.0", "ng2-translate": "^5.0.0", "ngx-mask": "^8.1.6", "ngx-mask-ionic": "^1.1.2", "q": "^1.5.1", "rxjs": "^6.5.3", "rxjs-compat": "^6.5.3", "sql.js": "^0.5.0", "sqlite3": "^4.0.8", "sw-toolbox": "3.6.0", "tslib": "^1.10.0", "typeorm": "^0.2.20", "zone.js": "~0.8.29" }, "devDependencies": { "@angular-builders/custom-webpack": "^7.2.0", "@angular-builders/dev-server": "^7.2.1", "@angular-devkit/architect": "~0.12.3", "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "^0.12.4", "@angular-devkit/core": "~7.2.3", "@angular-devkit/schematics": "~7.2.3", "@angular/cli": "~7.2.3", "@angular/compiler": "~7.2.2", "@angular/compiler-cli": "~7.2.2", "@angular/language-service": "~7.2.2", "@ionic/angular-toolkit": "~1.2.0", "@types/file-saver": "^2.0.0", "@types/jasmine": "~2.8.8", "@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.3", "@types/node": "^10.12.19", "codelyzer": "~4.5.0", "file-saver": "^2.0.0", "jasmine-core": "~2.99.1", "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.2.1", "karma": "~3.1.4", "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.2.0", "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "~2.0.1", "karma-jasmine": "~1.1.2", "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2", "node-sass": "^4.13.0", "protractor": "~5.4.0", "ts-node": "~8.0.0", "tslint": "~5.12.0", "typescript": "~3.1.6", "webpack-cli": "^3.3.10", "webpack-dev-server": "^3.10.1" }, "description": " ", "cordova": { "plugins": { "cordova-plugin-uniquedeviceid": {}, "cordova-plugin-app-version": {}, "cordova-sqlite-storage": {}, "cordova-plugin-whitelist": {}, "cordova-plugin-statusbar": {}, "cordova-plugin-device": {}, "cordova-plugin-splashscreen": {}, "cordova-plugin-ionic-webview": { "ANDROID_SUPPORT_ANNOTATIONS_VERSION": "27.+" }, "cordova-plugin-ionic-keyboard": {}, "cordova-plugin-googleplus": { "REVERSED_CLIENT_ID": "com.googleusercontent.apps.xxxxx-xxxxxxx", "WEB_APPLICATION_CLIENT_ID": "xxxxx-XXXX.apps.googleusercontent.com" }, "cordova-plugin-geolocation": {}, "cordova-plugin-fcm-with-dependecy-updated": { "FCM_CORE_VERSION": "16.0.9", "FCM_VERSION": "18.0.0", "GRADLE_TOOLS_VERSION": "3.5.0", "GOOGLE_SERVICES_VERSION": "4.2.0" } }, "platforms": [ "android" ] } } </code></pre> <p><strong>info</strong></p> <p>The only thing that I see is that the version of @firebase/app in package is ^0.4.25 . And in auth the version is 0.13.3</p> <p><strong>What I already done</strong></p> <ul> <li>delete node_modules, and package.json-lock and run npm i several times</li> <li>run the npm cache clean --force</li> </ul>
Sarah Fimm is a singer-songwriter from Oklahoma. She lives in Woodstock, New York. She has released six albums. Her first album, Cocooned, was released in 2001. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) American singer-songwriters Singers from Oklahoma
The is a time in the Japanese history from 1185 through 1333 in the history of Japan. This grouping of years is named after city of Kamakura which was the center of power of the Kamakura shogunate. The government of shoguns which was functionally established in 1192 by Minamoto no Yoritomo. The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate. Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo. Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) also happened in this period. Flourishing of Buddhism Buddhism expanded during this period. A number of monks founded separate Buddhist sects, including • Hōnen, founder of the Jōdo shū sect • Shinran, disciple of Hōnen; founder of Jōdo Shinshū • Ippen, founder of the Ji sect • Dōgen, founder of the Sōtō school of Zen • Eisai, founder of the Rinzai school of Zen • Nichiren, founder of the sect of Buddhism named after him The older Buddhist sects such as Shingon and Tendai continued to thrive. Timeline 1185 (Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month): Taira clan (Heike) defeated at sea by Minamoto Yoshitsune 1191 (Kenkyū 2): Esai establishes Zen in Japan 1192 (Kenkyū 3): Minamoto Yoritomo appointed as shogun 1207 (Ken'ei 1): Hōnen and his followers are exiled 1221 (Jōkyū 3): In the , Emperor Go-Toba tried to take power from the Kamakura shogunate. The effort did not succeed. 1252 (Kenchō 2): Great Buddha of Kamakura was put in place at Kōtoku-in. November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan; or the "Bun'ei War". 1281 (Kōan 4): or the "Kōan War". 1293 (Einin 1): Disastrous earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 23,034 people. 1333 (Genkō 3): Nitta Yoshisada destroys the Kamakura shogunate in the . Gallery Related pages List of Japanese eras References Other websites Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392) British Museum, Kamakura period (AD 1185-1333) Japan-guide.com, Kamakura Period (1192 - 1333) Periods in Japanese history Samurai 12th-century establishments in Japan 1330s disestablishments in Japan 1333 disestablishments 1185 establishments
<p>No matter which framework version I use (tried with 3.5, 4 and 4.5).</p> <p>I always get a message which says 'SSH.NET' already has a defined dependency on 'SshNet.Security.Cryptography'. But if I try to install 'SshNet.Security.Cryptography', I get another message which says it already has a defined dependency for 'System.IO', and so on...</p> <p>I've tried through the nuget packet manager and the nuget command line as well.</p> <p>Any clue on what's happening? Regards</p>
280 J. Wocd-Mason— Onr new or little-known Crustaceans. [Dec. ns e : : : however, exhibited some excellent photographs of the animal in question, and of R. Indicus, and pointed out the difierenees in the structure of the epidermal exoskeleton in the two species. Mr. Wood-Mason exhibited the materials for his monograph of Paratel- phusa, an Indo-Malayan genus of freshwater crabs, of which he recognized altogether seven perfeetly distinct and well-marked species ; of these five had been or are now described by himself. The genus, he said, was established in 1855 by M. Milne-Edwards for the reception of two new species of crabs, one of which was supposed to have come from the China Seas, the other from New Zealand ; but the localities given had proved to be incorrect, the former being really a native of the freshwaters of Southern China and Siam, the latter of those of the three great Sunda Islands—Jayva, Sumatra, and Borneo. Mr. Wood-Mason, in 1871, himself described two additional spe- cies, the one from upper Burmah, the other from India, wherein it ranged from Hardwar, the point at which the Ganges issues from the Siwálik Hills, throughout the Gangetic valley down to Calcutta, where brackish water conditions obtained, and where it occurred both in fresh and brackish water like several of its congeners, It was an interesting fact that all the species deseribed by him inhabited countries the fauna of which was largely leavened, to say the least, with Malay forms, if indeed such forms did not predominate. We were indebted to Mr. W. T. Blanford, than whom nobody had ever done more for the distribution of animals in India, for dividing up the vast tract of country commonly called India into a number of zoological sub-provinces, to one of which, viz., to that denominated by him the Eastern Bengal Province, with the Burmese countries and Assam added, the Paratel- phusas were confined: Calcutta, Mr. Blanford had said, was on the edge of this province and rather in than outside of it ; and Calcutta accordingly had its species of the genus in its common tank-crab. If we turned from these invertebrates to seek an instance amongst the higher animals of this Ma- layan leaven in the fauna, no more conspicuous one could possibly be found than the interesting animal represented in one of the beautiful photographs exhibited,—the Ahinoceros Sondaicus, which inhabited not only the Sun. derbans near Calcutta but the great island of Java also. In conclusion, Mr. Wood-Mason said that he could not but look forward with much interest to see whether species of Paratelphusa would be found in Ceylon and in Malabar, the fauna of whieh euriously enough was also Malayan. The following are the new species: Paratelphusa Martensi. Latero-anterior margins of carapace armed with three epibranchial tecth, the first tooth flattened, similar to the extraorbital angle but smaller, the rest salient, acute, and conical. Post-abdomen of the male triangular— as in P. Dayana, W-M. Hab.—TVhroughout the Gangetic valley, from Hardwar to Jessor, 1875.] J. Wood-Mason—On new or little-known Crustaceans. 231 Paratelphusa Edwardsi. Latero-anterior margins of carapace with four teeth, the teeth all equal and similar to one another, large, almost conical, and very salient. Carapace considerably areolated, longitudinally very convex, antero-lateral margins much inclined, post-frontal crest well-developed. Post-abdomen of the male as in the preceding. Hab.—Cachar, Saddya, and the Garo-, Naga-, and Dafla-hills. Paratelphusa crenulifera. Latero-anterior margins of carapace with four teeth, the teeth tolerably well-developed and salient, flattened, diminishing gradually in size from before backwards. Carapace perfectly smooth, depressed, longitudinally but slightly convex, antero-lateral margins hardly inclined, Frontal and orbital margins conspicuously, the edges of the feebly-developed post-frontal crest and of the epibranchial teeth faintly crenulate. Post-abdomen of the male as in the preceding. ; Hab.—Pegn Yomah, : Mr. Wood-Mason next exhibited a specimen of the beautiful macru- rous crustacean long ago described and accurately figured by Herbst (“ Krab- ben und Krebse’, Band II, Heft 5, 1794, 8. 173, T. XLIII, F. 2,) under the name of Astacus modestus. This remarkable crustacean, like the Asta- cus zaleucus, v. W-S. for which the new generic title Thawmastocheles had recently been proposed (P. A. S. B., 1874, p. 181), was an example of a tran- sitional form connecting the two families, Thalassinide and Astacide : in Thaumastocheles zaleucus the facies of the former family was combined with characters that entered into the usual definition of the latter: Hyéri- chocheles, as he proposed generically to designate the species described by Herbst, on the other hand, was indubitably, as the totality of its organism showed, a member of the latter presenting certain structural arrangements which were wnmistakable marks of real affinity to the former. The Oulliaxis adriatica of Heller was just such another transitional form. In fact, it was now, in his opinion, impossible to frame such a definition of either family as would exclude all the members of the other owing to the number of the connecting links. The Hudrichocheles modestus was also espe- cially interesting as being the nearest known blood-relation of the remark- able blind crayfish described two or three years ago wider the name of Nepkropsis Stewarti. In conclusion, Mr. Mason said that he had long been engaged in the comparative study of these aud various other allied forms, and that he hoped shortly to be able to formulate the results at which he had arrived. Mr. Wood-Mason also exhibited several new species of Stomatopod crustaceans, viz. Clorida decorata, with eyes asin O, microphthalme M.-Edw. and C. Latreilici, Wy. and Soul, the inner margin of the sabre-like 232 W. T. Blanford—On new Lizards from Sind. [ Dec. appendage, of the lateral portions of the caudal swimmeret armed with fine, acuminate spines, and the telson vermiculated above and below with granu- lated ridges, claw of raptorial arm 5-toothed—from the Andamans: Coronis spinosa, with three spines projecting from the telson just above the level of the marginal ones, of which there are three pairs, the median pair movable and smaller than the rest and with the interval between them finely serrated (5 or 6 teeth on each side of the middle line), between these and cach lateral pair two spinules, between the teeth of each lateral pair one spinule ; claw of raptorial arm 10-toothed—from the Andamans and New Zealand: Gono- dactylus glyptocereus, allied to G. trispinosus, with the telson ornamented with two oval tubercles bounded by an impressed invected line and with a median basal cinquefoil-shaped one, and the two preceding somites symmetri- cally engraved with fine lines—from the Nicobars ; and Squilla supplex, with three short oblique ridges on each side of the telson, between which and the strong median ridge, on each side, a row of confluent tubercles in the same straight line with the two median marginal teeth; five teeth to the claw of the raptorial arms; post-abdominal somites with 9 ridges, ar- ranged 3 in the middle and 8 on each side—from Bombay. The following papers were read: 1. On some Lizards from Sind, with descriptions of new Species of Ptyod- actylus, Stenodactylus, and Trapelus.— By W. T. Buanrorp, F. R. S. (Abstract.) This paper contains notes on a collection of lizards made in Sind in the early months of 1875. Five species are added to the fauna of British India, two of which, Stellio nuptus and Hemidactylus Persicus, were previously known from Persia, whilst three appear to be new, These are described as : Ptyodactylus homolepis, sp. nov. Allied to P. Hasselquisti, but distinguished by having all the dorsal scales uniformly granular, without any enlarged tubercles, and the nostrils entirely surrounded by swollen shields 3 or 4 in number which separate them entirely from the rostral and Jabials. A perfect specimen measures 7% inches, of which the tail is 3-4. Found in the lower hills of the Khirthar range, west of Upper Sind. Stenodactylus orientalis, sp. nov. General form stout, tail much thicker than in S. guttatus, finely granular throughout ; nostril between the corner of the rostral and three small shields, upper labials on each side about 10, lower 10—13, both becoming small behind: pupil vertical. No enlarged chin-shields behind the lower labials. Upper surface fiuely granular, with small convex dark coloured tubereles scattered over the back; none on the limbs. Scales of abdomen scarcely
DERDE BIJDRAGE TOT DE KENNIS DER ICH THIJOLOGISCHE FAUNA CELEB E S. DOOR Dr. P. BLEEKER. In Mei 1851 publiceerde ik eene tweede bijdrage tot ken- nis der vischfauna van Celebes, in den tweeden jaargang van het Natuurkundig tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, en bragt daarin het aantal bekende vischsoorten van dat eiland op 146. In Junij, Augustus en September dezes jaars ontving ik eenige nieuwe verzamelingen van visschen van Celebes en wel van Makassar, Boelekomba en Kema., Die van Makassar heb ik te danken aan den wetenschappelijken zin van den heer W. J. A. W. Boers, kapitein der infanterie; die van Boelekomba aan de welwillendheid van den heer H. R. J. Fontanes, van wien ik reeds in 1851 eene verzameling insgelijks van Boelekomba ontvangen had, en die van Kema van den heer A. Turpass, officier van gezondheid der 2de klasse, die mij ook in het be- zit gesteld heeft van door hem verzamelde visschen van Ceram en Ternate. Deze verzamelingen bevatten weder vrij talrijke soorten, welke nog niet van de fauna van Celebes bekend wa- 740 ren en meerderen daarvan zijn ook nieuw voor de wetenschap. Het is mij een genoegen, hier openlijk mijne erkentelijkheid uit te drukken aan genoemde heeren, zonder welker belangeloozen ijver voor de wetenschap de onderwerpelijke tak van kennis nog op cen zeer laag standpunt. zou zijn. De verzamelingen van Makassar, van den heer Boers bevat- ten de volgende species. a w Dom CC oN . Heterognathodon . Serranus cijanostigma K. v. H. » cijanostigmatoïdes Blkr. . Mesoprion Sebae Blkr. » macolor Blkr. = Dia- cope macolor CV. . Therapon puta CV. » servus CV. . Holocentrum orientale CV. . Upeneoides variegatus Blkr. . Dactijlopterus orientalis CV. . Platijcephalus isacanthus CV, xanthopleura Blkr. » nemurus Blkr. . Diagramma polijtaenia Blkr. . Dentex taeniopterus CV. . Chaetodon oligacanthus Blkr. » vagabundus CV. » chrijsozonus K. v. H. . Caesio chrijsozonus K. v. H. . Holocanthus dux Lac. » imperator CV. . Platax Boersii Blkr. . Pempheris moluca CV. . Trichiurus haumela CV. . Selar boöps Blkr. » Kuhlii Blkr. . Carangoides talamparah Blkr. . Chorinemus Commersonianus CV. . Gnathanodon speciosus Blkr. . Equula gomorah CV. . Ácanthurus matoides CV. » celebicus Blkr. 32. 99. 34. Acanthurus humeralis CV. Naseus lituratus CV. Amphacanthus corallinus CV. » javus CV. . Batrachus grunniens CV. . Fistularia immaculata Comm. . Cichlops melanotaenia Blkr. . Amphiprion trifasciatus CV. . Glijphisodon bengalensis CV. . Cheilio auratus Comm. . Crenilabrus oligacanthus Blkr. . Tautoga melapterus CV. . Julis (Halichoeres) casturi Blkr. . Cheilinus fasciatus CV. » chlorurus Blkr. . Scarus naevius CV ? . Plotosus unicolor K. v. H. . Exocoetus oxijcephalus Blkr. . Engraulis Graiji Blkr. . Chatoessus selangkat Blkr. . Saurida nebulosa CV. . Conger bagio Cant. . Ophisurus brachijsoma Blkr. . Balistes praslinus Lac. » conspicillum Bl. Schn. » lineatus Bl. . Triacanthus Russellii Blkr. . Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Blkr. . Tetraódon lunaris Cuv. - Diodon punctatus Cuv. . Taeniura lijmma MH. . Seijllium maculatum Gr. Hardw. 441 De kollektie van Poeloekomba van den heer Foxtanes bevat, behalve eenige der hiervoren opgesomde, nog talrijke andere soorten, t. w.: 1. Cheilodipterus heptazona Blkr. 9o. 2. Serranus marginalis CV. 24. 3. » pardalis Blkr. 2). 2» rhijncholepis Blkr. 26. Pagrus longifilis CV. Caesio erijthrogaster K. v. IL. Gerres filamentosus CV. Scatophagus argus CV. 4. 5. Mesoprion striatus Blkr. 27. Psettus rhombeus CV. 6. » decussatus K. v. II, 28. Scomber loo CV. s » octolineatus Blkr. 29. Trachinotus mookalee CV. 9. » phaiotaenia Blkr. 30. Selar Kuhlii Blkr. D. » quadriguttatus Blkr. — 31. Selaroides leptolepis Blkr. 10. » bottonensis CV. 92. Seriola Rüppellii CV. 11. » coeruleopunctatus Dlkr. 33. 12. » melanospilos Blkr. 34. 13. » janthinuropterus Blkr. 35. 14. Therapon servus CV. 36. 15. Holocentrum orientale CV. 97. 16. Sphijraena obtusata CV. 39. 17. Upeneus barberinoides Blkr. 39. 19. Apistus plagiometopon Blkr. 40. 19. Pristipoma hasta CV. 41. 20. » therapon Blkr. 42. 21. Diagramma crassispinum Rúpp. 43. 22. Scolopsides monogramma K. v. H. 44 Gazza minuta Blkr. Equula ensifera CV. Amphacanthus vermiculatus CV. Opistognathus Sonneratii CV. Gobius Fontanesii Dlkr. Eleotris melanopterus Dlkr. Cheilio auratus Comm. Tautoga melapterus CY. Cheilinus chlorurus Blkr. Scarus fraenatus Lac. ? Balistes lineatus Bl. Schn. Tetraödon lunaris Cuv. De verzameling van Kema van den heer Tnrpass bestaat uit de volgende soorten: 1. Serranus celebicus Dlkr. 10. 2 > cijanostigmatoïdes Blkr. 11. 3 » boenack CV. 12. 4. Mijripristis pralinius CV. ? 13. 5. Upeneoïdes bivittatus Blkr. 14. 6. Pristipoma caripa CV. Tu 7. Trachinotus Baillonii CV. 16. 9. Chorinemus sancti Petri CV. 17. 9. Caranx Forsteri CV. 18. Carangoides blepharis Blkr. Carangichthijs tijpus Blkr. Eleotris ophicephalus K. v. Il. » melanopterus Blkr. Julis (Julis) lunaris Bl. Schn. Hemiramphus Commersonii CV. Plagusia marmorata Blkr. Balistes lineatus Bl. Schn. Monacanthus melanuropterus Blkr. Hierbij bevinden zich tevens nog 2 soorten uit het meer van Toxpawo , b. w.: 142 1. Ophicephalus striatus Bl. 2. Anabas scandens CV. Uit eenige in mijn bezit zijnde teekeningen afkomstig van het vroegere lid der Natuurkundige kommissie FonsrEeN, ont- waar ik nog, dat onder zijn opzigt te Kema zijn afgebeeld : 1. Serranus punctulatus CV. D Scolopsides margaritifer CV. Niet minder dan 84 soorten dezer kollekties zijn nieuw voor de kennis van Celebes en 18 daarvan tevens nieuw voor de wetenschap , t. w. Serranus rhygncholepis , Mesoprion melano- spilos, Mesoprion janthinuropterus, Upeneus barberinoïdes, Apis- tus "plagiometopon , Eleotris melanopterus, Heterognathodon nemurus, Diagramma polytaenia, Platax Boersü, Carangich- thijs typus, Acanthurus celebicus, Gobius Fontanesii, Cichlops melanotaenia , Julis (Halichoeres) casturi, Exocoetus oxijcepha- lus, Ophisurus brachjsoma, Muraena pseudothĳrsoïdea, Mo- nacanthus melanuropterus. In het geheel zijn mij thans van Celebes bekend de hieron- der opgesomde species : 1. Apogon novemfasciatus CV. Nat, Tijdschr. N. T. III p. 163. Mac. 2: » nigripinnis CV. Mac. 3. Ambassis Dussumierii Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII. Percoid. Bulac. 4. Cheilodipterus heptazona Blkr. ibid. Bul. 5. Serranus cijanostigma CV. ibid, Mac. Bul. 6. » boenack CV. ibid. Bul. Kem. Fo » sexfasciatus K. v. H. ibid. Mac. 9. » pardalis Blkr. ibid. Bul. xs » marginalis CV. ibid. Bul. 10. » merra CV. Mac. 11. » cijanostigmatoïdes Blkr. Verh. B. G. XXII. Perc. Mac. Kem. T2; » celebicus Blkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. II. p. 217. Bul. Kem. 13. » corallicola K. v. H. Mac. 14. » punctulatus CV. Nat. Tijdschr. N. I. III p. 570. Kema. 15. » rhijncholepis Blkr. Bul. 16. Mesoprion Sebae Bikr. = Diacope Sebae CV. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII. Perc. Mac. Bul. 27. » Russellii Blkr. — Diacope notata GV. ibid. Mac. ” 18. » unimaculatus QG. ibid. Mac. 449 . Mesoprion annularis CV. ibid. Mac. Bul. » octolineatus Blkr. — Diacope octolineata CV. ibid. Bul. » xanthopterijgius Blkr. ibid. Bul. » decussatus K. v. H. ibid. Bul. » striatus Blkr. ibid. Bul. » phaiotaenia Blkr. ibid. Bul. » janthinuropterus Blkr. Bul. » coeruleopunctatus Blkr. — Diacope coeruleopunc- tata CV. N. T. N. Ind. II. p. 169. Bul. » bottonensis Blkr. — Diacope bottonensis CV. ib. 170. Bul. » quadriguttatus Blkr, — Diacope quadriguttata CV. ibid. p. 233. Bul. » melanospilos Blkr. Bul. » bitaeniatus Blkr. — Diaeope bitaeniata CV. Mac. » fuscescens CV. » taeniops CV. » macolor Blkr. — Diacope macolor CV. Mac. . Diploprion bifasciatum K. v. H. Mac. . Dules maculatus CV. ? Aq. dulc. . Therapon servus CV. Verh. Bat. Gen, XXII Perc. Mac. Bul. » theraps CV. ibid. Mac. » puta CV. ibid. Mac. . Holocentrum orientale CV. ibid. Mac. Bul. » leonoides Blkr. ibid. Mac. . Mijripristis pralinius CV. ? Nat. Tijdschr. N. I. II p. 234. Kem. . Sphijraena Commersonii CV. Verh. B. Gen. II Perc. Kem. » jello CV. ibid. Bul. » obtusata. ibid. Bul. . Sillago acuta CV. ibid. Mac. Bul. . Polijnemus tetradactijlus CV. ibid. Mac. » microstoma Blkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. H p. 217. Bul. . Upeneus barberinoides Blkr. ibid. III p. 262. Bul. . Upeneoïdes vittatus Blkr. — Upeneus vittatus CV. Verh. B. G. XXII Percoïd. Mac. Bul. » bivittatus Blkr. = Upeneus bivittatus CV. ibid. Kema. » variegatus Blkr. ibid, Mac. Bul. . Dactylopterus orientalis CV. Nat. T. N. I. III p. 264. Mac. . Platycephalus insidiator Bl. Verh. Bat. G. XXII Sclerop. Bul. » scaber CV. ibid. Mac. » isacanthus CV? Nat. Tijdschr. N. Ind. II p. 491, III p. 63. Mac. » pristiger CV. Mac. . Scorpaena picta CV. Mac. 144 . Pterois zebra CV. Nat. Tijdschr. N. Ind. HI p. 265. . Apistus plagiometopon Blkr. l . Otolithus argenteus K. v. H. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIII Sciaen. 61. Umbrina Kuhlii CV. ibid. 62. Pristipoma hasta CV. ibid. 63. » therapon Blkr. ibid. 64. » caripa CV. ibid. 65. » kaakan CV. 66. Diagramma punctatum Ehr. CV. Verh. B. G. XXIII Sciaen. 67. » erassispinum Rüpp. ibid. 63. » polytaenia Blkr. 69. Scolopsides monogramma K. v. H. Verh. B. G. XXIII Sciaen. 70. » torquatus CV. ibid. 71. » Vosmeri CV. ibid. 72. » margaritifer CV. ibid. 73. » lycogenis CV. ibid. 74. lleterognathodon xanthopleura Blkr. ibid. Nat. T. N I. I p. 101. 75 » nemurus Dlkr. 92. . Caesio pinjalo Blkr. Verh. B. Gen. XXIII Maen. Nat. T. . Malacanthus taeniatus CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. III p. 218. . Pagrus longifilis CV. . Dentex taeniopterus CV. Verh. D. Gen. XXIII Spar. » mierodon Blkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 219. » nematopus Dlkr. ibid. II p. 219. » obtusus S. Müll (Spec?) Lethrinus latifrons Rüpp. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 220 N. T. I p. 103. » erythrogaster K. v. H. ibid. » chrysozonus K. v. H. ibid. . Emmelichthys leucogrammicus Blkr. ibid. N. T. N. I. I p. 103. . Gerres filamentosus CV. ibid. . Chaetodon vagabundus CV. ib. XXIII Chaetod. » oligacanthus Blkr. ibid. Nat. T. N. I. p. 105. » vittatus Bl. Schn. ibid. » chrysozonus K. v. H. ibid. » Kleinii Bl. . Heniochus macrolepidotus CV. Verh. Bat. G. XXIII Chaetod. . Zanclus cornutus CV. ibid. . Drepane punctata CV. — Drepane longimana CV. ibid. . Scatophagus argus CV. ibid. . Holacanthus dux Lac. Mac. Bul. Mac. Mac. Bul. Bul. Kema. Bul. Mac. Bul. Mac. Mac. Bul. Bul. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Bul. Mac. Bul. Mac. 98. Holacanthus imperator CV. Mac. 99, Platax Doersii Dlkr. Mac. 100. Pimelepterus indicus K. v. II. Nat. T. N. Ind. HI p. 727. Mac. 101. » marciac QG. 102. Psettus rhombeus CV. Verh. B. Gen. XXIII Chaetod. Dul. 103. Pempheris moluca CV. ibid. Mac. 104. Toxotes jaculator CV. ibid. Mac. 105. Anabas scandens CV. ibid. Doolh. Kieuw. Kema, Tondan. 106. » variegatus Dlkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 220. Kema. 107. Ophicephalus striatus Dl. Verh. B. G. XXII Doolh. Kieuw. Tondano. 108. Scomber loo CV. ib. XXIV Makr. Bul. 109. Cybium guttatum CV. ibid, Mac. 110 » Commersonii CV. ibid. Mac. 111. Chorinemus sancti Petri CV. ibid. Mac. Kem 112 » Commersonianus CV. ibid. Mac. 113. » aculeatus CV. Mac. 114. Trachinotus mookalee CV. Verh. D. G. XXIV Makr. Dul. 115. » Baillonii CV. ibid. Kema. 116. Trichiurus haumela CV. ibid. Mac. 117. Megalaspis Rottleri Dlkr. ibid. Mac. 118. Decapterus kurra Blkr. ibid. N. T. N. Ind. I p. 358. Mac. 119. Selar Hasseltii Dlkr. ibid. ibid. p. 359. Mac. 120. » Kuhlii Blkr. ibid. ibid. p. 360. Mac. Dul. 121. .» torvus Blkr. ibid. Bul. 122. » boóps Blkr. ibid. Mac. 123. Selaroides leptolepis Blkr. ibid. Mac. Bul. 124. Caranx Forsteri CV. ibid. N. T. N. Ind. III p. 164. Bul. Kema. 125. Carangichthys typus Blkr. Kema. 126. Carangoides talamparah Blkr. Verh. Dat. Gen. XXIV Makr. Mac. 127. » citula Blkr. ibid. Bul. 123. » blepharis Blkr. ibid. Kema. 129. Gnathanodon speciosus Blkr. ibid. Mac. 130. Seriola Ruppellii CV. ibid. Bul. 131. Coryphaena chrijsurus CV. Mac. 132. Stromateus niger Dl. Verh. D. Gen. XXIV Makr. N. T. N. Ind. I p. 370. Mac. 133. Gazza minuta Dlkr. ibid. Dul. 134. Equula ensifera CV. ibid. Bul. 135. » gomorah CV. ibid. Mac. Dul. 136. » bindoides Bikr. ibid. N. T. N. Ind. I p. 372 Bul. 137. » oblonga CV. ibid. Bul. 359. » insidiatrix CV. ibid. Bul. 139. Mene maculata CV. ibid. Mac. 145 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 159. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 175. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 746 Amphacanthus vermiculatus CV. ib. XXIII Teuth. Bul. » javus CV. ibid. Mac. » corallinus CV. ibid. Mac. » vulpinus M. Schl. Kema. Acanthurus matoides CV. Verh. Bat. G. XXIII Teuth. Mac. » humeralis CV. Mac. » celebicus Blkr. Mac. Naseus lituratus CV. Mac. Cestraeus plicatilis CV. ? Aq. dulc. Atherina argijrotaeniata Blkr. Contr. ichth. Celeb. Journ. Ind. Arch. 1849. Mac. Opistognathus Sonneratii CV? Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 221. Bul. Gobius celebius CV. » Fontanesii Blkr. Bul. Sicydium cynocephalum CV. Menado. Eleotris belobrancha CV. Menado aq. dul. » melanopterus Blkr. Bul. Kema. » ophicephalus K. v. H. Verh. B. Gen. XXII Go- bioid. Kema. Platyptera aspro K. v. H. Menado. Callionymus filamentosus CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. III p. 278. Batrachus grunniens CV. Nat. Tijdschr. N. I. TI p. 484. Mac. Fistularia immaculata Comm. ibid. Mac. Cichlops melanotaenia Blkr. Mac. Pseudochromis fuscus Müll. Trosch. Amphiprion ephippium CV. Mac. » percula CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. HI p. 287. » trifasciatus CV. Mac. Premnas trifasciatus CV. Mac. Pomacentrus trimaculatus CV. » nigricans CV. » albifasciatus M. Schl. e Glyphisodon bengalensis CV. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXI Kamsch. Labr. Mac. » coelestinus CV. ibid. Menad. » waigiensis CV. ib. Bul. » melas K. v. H. ib. » rahti CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. III p. 287. Crenilabrus oligacanthus Blkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. III p. 68. Mac. Cossyphus Schoenleinii Agass. Tautoga melapterus CV. Verh. B. Gen. XXII Gladsch. Labr. Mac. Bul. Cheilio auratus CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 221. Mac. Bul. Novacula pentadactyla CV. ib. II p. 222. Bul. 741 180. Julis (Julis) lunaris CV. Verh. B. G. XXII Gladsch. Labr. Bul. Kem. 181. » (Halichoeres) casturi Blkr. Mac. 182. Cheilinus chlorurus Blkr. = Cheilinus guttatus Blkr. = Spa- rus chlorurus Dl. Verh. B. G. XXII Gl. Labr. Mac. Bul. 183. » fasciatus CV. ibid. Mac. 184. » decacanthus Blkr. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 256. Bul. 185. Scarus naevius CV? Mac. 186. » fraenatus Lac.? Bul. 187. Plotosus unicolor K. v. H. Verh. B. G. XXI Sil. bat. Mac. 133. » lineatus CV. ibid. Mac. 189. » macrophthalmus Blkr. ibid. Bul. . 190. Belone annulata CV. 191. » timucoides. S. Müll (spec?) Mac. 192. Hemiramphus melanurus CV. Verh. B. G. XXIV Snoek. 193. » erythrorhynchos CV. Mac. 194. » Commersonii CV. Verh. B. Gen. XXIV Snoek. Kem. 195. » Dussumierii CV. Bul. 196. Exocoetus oxycephalus Blkr. Mac. 197. Chirocentrus dorab CV. Verh. B. G. XXIV Chir. Mac. 198. Elops saurus CV. ibid. Mac. 199. Megalops indicus CV. ibid. Mac. 200. Sardinella leiogaster CV. ibid. Haring. Bul. 201. » clupeoides Blkr. ibid. Mac. Bul. 202. Clupeoides macassariensis Blkr. ibid. Mac. 203. Spratella tembang Blkr. ibid. Mac. 204. Spratelloides argyrotaenia Blkr. ibid. Mac. 205. Engraulis Grayi Blkr. ibid. Nat. T. N. Ind. JI p. 492. Mac. 206. » encrasicholoides Blkr. ibid. ibid. III p. 173. Dul. 207. » Zolingeri Blkr. ibid. Mac. 208. Chatoessus selangkat Blkr. ibid. Nat. T. N. Ind. III. p. 458. Mac. 209. » nasus CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. II p. 223. Bul. 210. Notopterus Bontianus CV.? ? p. Mac. 211. Conger bagio Cant. Mac. 212. Saurida tombil CV. Verh. B. G. XXIV Chir. Salm. Mac. 213. » nebulosa CV. Nat. T. N. Ind. III p. 292. Mac. 214. Ophisurus brachysoma Blkr. Mac. 215. Plagusia lida Blkr. Verh. D. G. XXIV Pleuron. Nat. T. N. Ind. I p. 413. Bul. 216. » marmorata Blkr. ibid. ibid. I p. 411. Kema. 217. Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Bikr. Mac. 218. Dalistes armatus Lac. ibid. Balist. Nat. T. N. Ind. T. p. 224. Bul. 219. ^» praslinus Lac. ibid. Mac. 220. » conspicillum Bl. Schn. Mac. . Triacanthus Russellii Blkr. . Pogonognathus barbatus Blkr. ibid. . Tetraódon lunaris Cuv. ibid. Blootk. » Honkenii Bl. » argenteus Lacép. N. Ind. III p. 35. . Aëtobatis flagellum MH. 148 ibid. . Diodon punctatus Cuv. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Blootk. . Chiloscyllium punctatum MH. Verh. B. G. XXIV Plagiost. . Seyllium maculatum Gr. Hardw. ibid. . Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah Val. ibid. . Sphyrna Blochii MH. ibid. . Rhynchobatus laevis MH. ibid. . Narcine timlei MH. . Taeniura lymma MIT. Verh. B.G. XXIV Plagiost. Nat. T. . Balistes lineatus Dl. Schn. ibid. N. T. N. Ind. II p. 260. Mac. Dul. Kem. . Monacanthus melanuropterus Blkr. Kema. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Mac. Bul. Bul. DESCRIPTIONES SPECIERUM DIAGNOSTICAE. PERCOIDEI. Serranus rhyncholepis Bikr. Serran. corporc oblongo compresso, altitudine 4 fere in ejus longitudi- ne, latitudine 2 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite convexo 8% circiter in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis ]£ circiter in ejus longitudine; o- culis diametro 44 circiter in longitndine capitis; linea rostro-dorsali fron- te convexa; rostro toto squamoso; maxilla superiore squamis nullis, maxil- la inferiore inferne tantum squamosa ; maxilla superiore inferiore paulo brevi- ore, post oculum desinente, dentibus pluriseriatis, scrie externa conicis, seric- bus internis setacels antiee longioribus in thurmas 2 collocatis ct insuper caninis 2 mediocribus; maxilla inferiore dentibnus antice pluriseriatis serie interna longioribus, antice caninis 2 parvis; praeoperculo subrectangulo, margine posteriore convexo dentibus valde conspicuis angulum versus majoribus; suboperculo interoperculoque margine glabris; operculo spi- nis 3, media longiore, superiore breviore; dorso elevato valde convexo; ventre rectiusculo; squamis lateribus ciliatis 80 p. m. in serie longitudinali; pinnis dorsali et anali radiosis rotundatis; dorsali spinosa dorsali radiosa non altiore, spinis mediis spinis ceteris longioribus corpore panlo plus duplo hnmilioribns; pectoralibus rotundatis 5, ventralibus acutis 64 cir- citer, caudali obtusa convexa 51 circiter in longitudine corporis; anali spina media eapite triplo circiter breviore; colore corpore pinnisque fus- co; squamis lateribus singulis guttula flavescente vel coerulescente; mem- brana pinnae dorsalis spinosae parte lobata flava. DSDNA vel 31718. P. 2/16. V. 1/5. A. 3/7 vel 3/8. C. 17 «et lat. brev. Habit. DBulacomba, Celebes austro-occidentalis, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 172'/!, Aanm. In habitus heeft Serranus rhijncholepis veel van Ser- ranus labriformis Jen. (Zoöl. Beagle, Fish. p. 8 tab. 3) van den Galapagos Archipel, doch deze verschilt er voornamelijk van door aanmerkelijk kortere borstvinnen, het gevlekt zijn des lig- chaams met bruingeel, zwart en wit en door de roode vinranden. 790 Mesoprion melanospilos Blkr. Mesopr. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 37 circiter in cjus lon- gitudine, latitudine 2 et paulo in ejus altitudine; capite convexo 34 cir- citer in longitndine corporis; altitudine capitis 14 circiter in ejus longitu- dine; oculis diametro 22 circiter in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-fron- tali declivi convexiuscula; osse suborbitali sub oculo oculo duplo circiter humi- liore; maxilla superiore inferiore paulo longiore, sub medio oculo desi- nente, dentibus serie externa conicis antice caninis 4 vel 6 mediocribus; maxilla inferiore dentibus serie externa conicis anticis lateralibus vix vel non majoribus; praeopereulo postice et inferne denticulato, incisura profunda quasi bipartito, parte inferiore rotundato; operculo spinis 2 planis parum conspicuis; dorso elevato; squamis lateribus 60 p. m. in serie longitudi- nali; pinnis dorsali et anali radiosis rotundatis, dorsali spinosa radiosa 5* ceteris longiore 24 circiter in altitudine corporis; pectoralibus acutis 4, ventralibus acutis 6, caudali paulo altiore, spina 1* ultima breviore, emarginata angulis acuta 5 fere in longitudine corporis; anali spina 27 ceteris longiore, parte radiosa dorsali radiosa non altiore; colore capite dorsoque violascente, lateribus inferneque flavo; dorso macula magna diffusa nigra lineam lateralem inter et radios dorsales anteriores; pinnis flavis vel aurantiacis, dorsali spinosa nigro marginata, pectoralibus basi superne macula nigra parva. B. 7. D. 10/14 vel 10/15. P. 2/14. V. 1/5. A. 3/3 vem Cen lat. brev. Habit. Dulucomba, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 146%. Aanm. Deze soort is na verwant aan Mesopion fulviflamma (Diacope fulviflamma \| CV.), doch heeft de praeoperkelinsnij- ding veel dieper, de zwarte zijvlek wat meer achterwaarts en nagenoeg boven de zijlijn geplaatst, 1 straal meer in de rug- vin, mist de gele overlangsche banden enz. Mijn specimen, na reeds geruimen tijd in spiritus bewaard te zijn, vertoont donkere strepen, welke op den rug schuins, aan de zijden horizontaal geplaatst zijn. De soorten van Mesoprion (Diacope en Mesoprion CV.) on- dergaan veelal aanmerkelijke veranderingen in kleurteekening met toenemenden leeftijd, dikwijls zoodanig, dat de oude vis- schen niet meer op de jongere gelijken. Zulks bemoeijelijkt reeds de bepaling dier soorten, maar die bepaling is boven- dien voor vele soorten moeijclijk wegens de onvolledige be- 181 schrijving der kenmerken in het groote vischwerk van den nieuweren tijd, naar hetwelk evenwel de ver van groote boc- kerijen en musea verwijderde ichthijologen hunne bepalingen groo- tendeels moeten rigten. Behalve dat welligt eenige der daarin beschrevene soorten van Diacope en Mesoprion behooren ver- eenigd te worden, zullen misschien, ook later door anderen bepaalde soorten tot daar reeds bedoelde behooren te wor- den terug gebragt. Mesoprion janthinuropterus Bikr. Mesopr. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 32 circiter in cjus lon- gitudine, latitudine 22 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite 32 circiter in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 14 circiter in ejus longitudine; oeulis diametro 44 circiter in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali de- clivi concava; osse suborbitali sub oeulo oeulo paulo humiliore; maxillis subaequalibus, superiore sub oculi dimidio anteriore desinente, dentibus serie externa eonicis antiec caninis 4 internis. parvis externis magnis; maxilla inferiore dentibus serie externa eonicis, lateralibus aliquot majo- ribus caninoideis; praeoperculo vix exciso, lcviter emarginato margine posteriore et angulo denticulato, dentibus angulo rotundato valde conspi- cuis, margine posteriore minimis; operculo spina unica plana obtusa vix conspicua; dorso elevato; squamis lateribus 50 p. m. in serie longitudi- nali; pinna dorsali parte spinosa parte radiosa paulo altiore, spina 1° cc- teris breviore, 5° ceteris longiore 28 in altitudine corporis; parte radiosa rotundata; pinnis pectoralibus acutis 44, ventralibus aeutis 61, caudali 3309. extensa truneata angulis aeuta 4£ in longitudine corporis; anali spinis 2* et 3° subaequalibus, parte radiosa angulata dorsali radiosa altiore; colo- re corpore snperne rubro-violascente inferne rosco; rostro violascente; dor- so lateribusque singulis squamis punctulo fusco, strias obliquas ct longi- tudinales effieientibus; pinna dorsali basi rubescente dimidio superiore vio- lacea; pectoralibus et anali rubris; ventralibus aurantiacis; caudali basi rubra maxima parte violacca. NEU 10/14 vel 10/15. P. 2/15. V. 1/5. A. 8/8 vel 3/9. C. 17 et lat. brev. Habit. Bulucomba, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 192%, Aanm. Hoezeer ik boven geschetste soort niet kan terug- brengen tot eenige mij bekende, beweer ik daarmede niet, dat zij niet tot de eene of andere daarvan kan behooren, en stel Ilt. 57 752 ik haar slechts voorwaardelijk als eene nieuwe voor. Reeds meermalen heb ik gewezen op het onvoldoende der beschrij- vingen van vele soorten van Mesoprion in het groote nieuwere vischwerk , waardoor het soms zeer moeijelijk ja onmogelijk wordt daarnaar alleen de soorten te bestemmen. Bij de onaan- nemelijke splitsing door Cuvier van Mesoprion en Diacope in 2 ge- slachten is het dikwerf zelf moeijelijk te bepalen of sommige soorten met geringe praeoperkeluitranding, zooals de hier on- derwerpelijke, tot zijnen Mesoprion of Diacope te brengen zou- den zijn. Ik heb den naam der soort ontleend aan hare donker vio- lette staartvin. Mesoprion macolor Blkr. Mesopr. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 34 circiter in ejus lon- gitudine, latitudine 24 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite obtuso convexo 32 circiter in longitudine corporis, aeque alto circiter ac longo; oculis dia- metro 84 circiter in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali ante oculos praesertim convexa; osse suborbitali sub oculo oculi diametro duplo fere humiliore; maxillis subaequalibus, superiore sub oculi dimidio anteriore desinente; rictu valde obliquo; dentibus maxillis serie externa seriebus internis majoribus conicis, intermaxillaribns inframaxillaribus majoribus; caninis maxilla superiore 6 parvis; maxilla inferiore antice caninoïdeis 10, lateribus caninolleis nullis; praeoperculo subrectangulo angulo rotun- dato, margine posteriore incisuris profundis 2 superiore inferiore profun- diore tuberculum interoperculare dentiforme recipiente, dentibus angulo dentibus ceteris majoribus; operculo spinis nullis; dorso elevato; squamis lateribus 50 p. m. in serie longitudinali; pinnis dorsali et anali radiosis acutis, aequalibus, dorsali spinosa altioribus; dorsali spinosa spinis 3* et 4' longissimis spina 1* duplo circiter longioribus; pectoralibus acutis ana- lem attingentibus 32, ventralibus acutis 54 circiter, caudali emarginata lobis obtusis 44 circiter in longitudine corporis; anali spina postica spi- nis 1* et 2* longiore; colore capite et corpore superne nigro, lateribus in ferne ventreque albo; nigro dorso maculis rotundis magnis albis 5, ma- culis 3 ad basin pinnae dorsalis, maculis 2 lineae laterali approximatis; lateribus inferne fascia axillo-caudali lata nigra caudalem inferiorem attin- gente; pinnis nigris, dorsali et anali radiis posticis et caudali apicibus albis. B. 7. D.40/14: vel 10/15:—P. 2/15. V. Ms A. 3/11 elm I et lat. brev. 793 Synon. Kolat Valent. Ind. Amb. III p. 348 fig. 1. Macolor Renard Poiss. Mol. I tab. 9 fig. 60. II tab. 7 fig. 30. Diacope macolor CV. Poiss. II p. 313. Less. Mém. Soc. Hist. nat. IV p. 409. Voy. Coquill. Zool. II p. 230 tab. 22 fig. 2. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 280%. Aanm. De afbeelding van den heer Lesson is vrij naauw- keurig, doch vertoont een witte rugvlek meer dan mijn spe- cimen. SCLEROPAREI. Apistus plagiometopon Blkr. Apist. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 44 circiter in ejns longi- tudine, latitudine 14 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite acuto 34 circiter in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 14 circiter in ejus longitudine; linea rostro-frontali declivi recta; oculis diametro 4 circiter in longitudine capitis, minus diametro 1 approximatis; fronte inter oculos depressa; ros- tro oculo breviore; maxilla superiore inferiore breviore sub medio oculo desinente; rictu valde obliquo; dentibus maxillis, vomerinis palatinisque minimis; cirris nullis; spinis suborbitalibus 2, superiore inferiore duplo fere longiore sub medio oculo desinente; praeoperculo spinis 4 superiore mediocri operculum non superante, ceteris parvis; squamis lateribus fere inconspicuis; linea laterali vix curvata sub posteriore pinnae dorsalis ra- diosae parte desinente; pinna dorsali spinosa divisa parte anteriore tri- spinosa basi tantum cum parte pinnae posteriore unita, spinis 2* et 3* subaequalibus corpore vix humilioribus sed spinis ceteris majoribus, 1° post oculum inserta; pinnis dorsali et anali radiosis convexis; pectoralibus obtusis capite paulo brevioribus 4 circiter in longitudine corporis, radio libero nullo; ventralibus acutiusculis pectoralibus paulo brevioribus ana- lem non attingentibus; anali spina 3* ceteris longiore corpore minus duplo lmmiliore; caudali truncata 5 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore cor- pore pinnisque, caudali excepta, profunde fusco; capite, maxilla superiore praeoperculoque maculis luteis; caudali viridescente fusco variegata. BUT. D. 3—10/6. P. 1/10, V. 1/5. A. 3/5. C. 10 vel 12 et lat. brev Habit. Bulucomba, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 45'''. Aanm. Bij den eersten oogopslag hield ik deze soort voor dezelfde als Apistus depressifrons Richards. (Zool. Samar. Fisk. p. 1 tab 3 fig. 1, 2), welke mij gebleken is dezelfde te zijn 154 als mijne Apistus binotopterus (Nat. Tijdschr. N. Ind. I 1850 p. 26) doch welker beschrijvingik niet kende, omdat de zoó- logie der reis van het schip Samarang eerst in 1850 voltooid en eerst in 1851 mij onder de oogen gekomen is. Apistus plagiometopon heeft echter veel kortere borstvinnen dan Apis- tus depressifrons en ligchaam en vinnen, de staartvin alleen uit- zonderd, donkerbruin, terwijl kaken en wangen er met eenige geelachtige vlekken geteekend zijn. Andere na aan haar verwante soorten zijn Apistus trachi- noides CV. en Apistus Zollingeri Blkr. doch beiden hebben de voorste rugdoornen veel korter en andere kleuren, terwijl de getallen der vinstralen van Apistus trachino:des anders zijn (D. 3—12/ 4 vel 3—13/4. P. 1/11 V. 1/4) en bij Apistus Zollin- geri de 1€ rugdoorn boven den achterrand den oogs staat. Apistus dracaena CV., insgelijks zeer na aan bovengenoemde soorten verwant, heeft grootere onderoogkuils- en praeoper- kel-doornen, D. 12/8. A. 3/6. P. 12, enz. SCIAENOIDEI. Heterognathodon nemurus Blkr. Heterogn. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 32 circiter in ejus longitudine absque pinna caudali, latitudine 2 et paulo in ejus altitudine; capitc acuto 34 circiter in longitudine corporis absque pinna caudali; al- titudine capitis 14 circiter in ejus longitudine; linca rostro-frontali decli- vi rectiuscula; oculis diametro 4 circiter in longitudine capitis; fronte limboque praeoperculari squamosis; rostro acuto oculo vix longiore; osse suborbitali alepidoto, angulo oris oculi diametro plus duplo humiliore, emarginato; maxilla superiore inferiore vix longiore ante oculum desi- nente, antice caninis 4, externis internis longioribus, curvatis, divergen- tibus; osse maxillari superiore glabro; maxilla inferiore caninis 2 conicis rectis prominentibus divergentibus; praeoperculo rectangulo angulo obtuse rotundato, margine posteriore denticulato; operculo spina unica parva plana; linea dorsali linea ventrali multo convexiore; squamis ciliatis, la- teribus 55 p. m. in serie longitudinali ; squamis inguinibus interventralibusque acutis elongatis; pinna dorsali spinis gracilibus mediis ceteris longioribus membrana inter singulas spinas excisa, parte radiosa postice rotundata; pectoralibus obtusiusculis 5 circiter, ventralibus acutis radio 1? producto S 109 4 circiter in longitadine corporis absque pinna caudali; anali postice an- gulata; caudali semilunariter emarginata radio angulis in filum pinna lon- giorem producto; colore corpore rosco-hyalino fasciis 2 longitudinalibus latis flavis, superiore oculo-dorsali supra lineam lateralem decurrente , inferiore diffusa maxillo-oculo-candali; ventre insuper fasia longitudinali rosea; linea laterali violascente; pinnis roseis, caudali medio flava, mar- ginibus violascente. BD. 10/9 vel 10/10. P. 2/14. V. 1/5. A. 3/7 vel 3/8. C. 17 et lat. brev. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici absque filo caudali 230', cum filo caudali Sno. Aanm. Vroeger reeds heb ik geduid op de groote ver- wantschap tusschen Meterognathodon en Pentapus. De ver- wantschap wordt door deze soort weder nader aangetoond. Zij zou geheel tot Pentapus te brengen zijn indien de praoperkel- tanden en haar niet van uitsloten en haar zelfs volgens de Cuviersche familiebepaling tot de Sciaenoïden of wel tot de Maenoiden deed brengen Diagramma polijtaenia Blkr. Diagramm. corpore oblongo compresso, altittdine 34 circiter in cjus longitudine, latitudine 2 et panlo in ejus altitudine; capite obtuso, valde convexo, 44 circiter in longitudine corporis, aeque alto ac longo; oculis diametro 32 in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali rostro valde de- clivi rectiuscula; osse suborbitali angulo oris oculi diametro panlo lumi- liore; maxilla superiore inferiore vix longiore sub oculi parte anteriore desinente; dentibus maxillis serie externa conicis aequalibus seriebus in- ternis majoribus; maxilla inferiore poris 6 valde conspicuis; praeoperculo rectangulo angulo rotundato, margine posteriore leviter emarginato; squa- mis lateribus 100 p. m. in serie longitndinali; pinnis dorsali et anali ra- diosis acute rotundatis altitudine subaequalibns, corpore plus dnplo hu- milioribus; dorsali spinosa spinis 3', 4* et 5° spinis ceteris longioribus, corpore triplo circiter humilioribus; pcctoralibus acutis 54 in longitudine corporis; ventralibus acutis pectoralibus vix brevioribus; anali spina 2* spina 3* longiore, spina 1' minima; caudali trnncata angnlis acuta 5 et paulo in longitudine corporis; colore corpore pinnisque pulchre aurantiaco- flavo; ventre flavescente-griseo; fasciis capite corporeque longitudinalibus 9 margaritaceo-coeruleis nigro marginatis, fasciis 4 suporioribus vertice et 756 fronte incipientibus et basi pinnae dorsalis desinentibus, fasciis 4 sequenti- bus cephalo-caudalibus, fascia inferiore maxillo-anali; ore interne rubro. B. 6. D. 19/22 vel 12/23. P. 2/15." V. 17/5, A VT ONERE eg lat. brev. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 301'''. Aanm. Deze fraaije soort is gemakkelijk van alle bekende te onderkennen aan haar fraai geel ligchaam en hare 9 overlang- sche zwart gerande parelkleurige banden. SPAROIDEI. Pagrus longifilis CV. Poiss. VI p. 118. Pagr. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 24 circiter in ejus longitu- dine, latitudine 31 circiter in cjus altitudine; capite convexo obtuso, lon- gitudine 14 circiter in ejus altitudine, 41 circiter in longitudine corporis; linea’ rostro-frontali fronte convexa rostro concaviuscula; oculis diametro 3 circiter in longitudine capitis; osse suborbitali oculi diametro altiore, alepidoto; maxillis dentibus tri- vel pluriseriatis: maxilla superiore inferi- ore paulo longiore, sub oculo desinente, dentibus antice caninis 2 coni- cis, globularibus majoribus serie externa p. m. 8 serie secunda p. m. 5; maxilla inferiore antice caninis 4 vel 6 conicis, globularibus majoribus se- riebus externa et interna p. m. 4; praeoperculo subrectangulo angulo ro- tundato, limbo alepidoto; operculo spina unica plana; squamis lateribus 50 p. m. in serie longitudinali, 22 p. m. in serie transversali; pinna dorsali spinosa spina l* brevissima, spinis 5 sequentibus maxime productis flexili- bus, anticis 2 corpore altioribus, tota pinna dorsali longioribus; spinis 5 posticis totis osseis non productis; membrana inter spinas anteriores usque prope basin pinnae incisa; dorsali radiosa margine superiore convexa; peetoralibus acutis 3 circiter in longitudine corporis; ventralibus pectora- libus brevioribus radio primo in filum producto; anali spinis 2* et 3* sub- aequalibus, parte radiosa postice angulata; caudali emarginata angulis a- cutiuscule rotundatis 5 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore corpore su- perne roseo inferne roseo-argenteo; pinnis roseis; membrana dorsali spi- nosa nigro marginata. B6. D443/10.vel 41/11. P. 2/138; Wi OTTATI y Tee ON et lat. brev. Synon. Kooroota Russ. Corom. Fish. II p. 1 fig. 101. Pagre à longs filets CV. Poiss. VI p. 118. Habit. Bulucomba, in mari. 757 Longitudo speciminis unici 201°”. Aanm. Deze soort is zeer waarschijnlijk Pagrus longifilis CV. van welke door RussrrL eene vrij goede afbeelding gegeven is. Bij mijn specimen bevindt zich slechts een enkele korte doorn voor de verlengde rugdoornen en ik vind er 9 of 10 aarsvin- stralen en niet §, zooals in het groote vischwerk opgegeven wordt. Russerr’s afbeelding vertoont 7 verlengde rugvinstra- len, terwijl bij mijn specimen slechts 5 verlengd en buigzaam zijn. De kleuren van mijn exemplaar hebben door den wijn- geest veel geleden. Overlangsche banden zie ik er niet. CHAETODONTOIDEI. Holacanthus dux Lacép. Poiss. IV p. 534. CV. Poiss. VII p. 188. Rupp. N. W. F. Abyss. F. R. M. p. 97. Holac. corpore oblongo compresso, diametro dorso-ventrali 3 circiter in longitudine corporis; capite obtuso 5 circiter in longitudine eorporis; li- uea rostro-frontali inferne concaviuscula; linea rostro-dorsali linea rostro- ventrali breviore; oculis diametro 32 circiter in longitudine eapitis; osse suborbitali angulo oris altitudine oculi diametro aequali vel altiore inferne den- ticulis 3 vel 4 vix conspicuis; praeoperculo margine dentato dentibus ali- quot ceteris majoribus, spina oculo duplo circiter longiore; squamis late- ribus 50 p. m. in serie longitudinali; pinna dorsali spinosa spina ulti- ma ceteris longiore, parte radiosa rotundata corpore duplo circiter hu- miliore; pectovalibus obtusis 54 circiter, ventralibus acutis radio 1° pro- ducto 44 ad 5 fere, caudali rotundata obtusa 54 circiter in longitndinc corporis; anali rotundata corpore duplo circiter. humiliore; capite fusces- cente-aurco vittis coeruleis violaceo marginatis, rostrc-frontali, pracocu- lari, dorso-postoculari sub oculo desinente et dorso-operenlari; corpore fasciis transversis pulcherrine flavo-aureis 8, 1* et 2° dorso-ventralibus, 3, 4, 52, 6° et 7" dorso-analibus, 8* eaudali; fascia post singulas fascias au- reas inargaritaeeo-coerulea late utroque latere violaceo-nigricante limba- ta; fasciis corpore anterioribus semilunariter cnrvatis convexitate antror- sum spectantibus; pinna dorsali spinosa fasciis corporis tincta, nigro mar- ginata; dorsali radiosa nigra eoeruleo marginata et maculis numerosis par- vis azureis pieta; pectoralibus aurantiaco-flavis; ventralibus pulcherrime fla- vis; anal fasciis longitudinalibus curvatis 11 vel 12 eoeruleis ct rubris 790 alternantibus, coeruleo et nigro margiginata; caudali pulchre flava auran- tiaco marginata. B. 6. D. 14/19 vel 14/20. P. 2/14. V. 1/5. A. 3/19 vel 3/20. C. 17 \| et lat. brev. Synon. Martoginne De Vlam. Recueil No. 230. Ikan Sarasa jang bariska v. Gestreepte Sarasa-visch Valent. Ind. Amb. III p. 474 fig. 405. Ikun Sengadji molukko v. Molukze Hartog Valent. ibid. p. 504 fig. 507. i Duchesse Renard Poiss. Mol. I tab. 14 fig. 81. Chietse-visch vel Toille peinte Renard ib. II tab. 38 fig. 169. Chaetodon diacanthus Boddaert Epist. ad Gaub. de Chact. diac. 1772 Act. Soc. nat. Berol. III p. 459. Chaetodon dux Gmel. L. Syst. nat. ed. 13° p. 1255. Chaetodon Boddaertii Gmel. ibid. p. 1243. Chaetodon fasciatus Bl. Ausl. Fisch. tab. 195. Gestreifte Klippfisch Bl. ibid. Bandoulière rayée Bl. ibid. Jolacanthe duc Lac. Poiss. IV p. 534. CV. Poiss. VII p. 138 Acanthopode Boddaert Lac. ibid. p. 559, 560. Acanthopode Boddaertit Lac. ibid. Aanm. De afbeeldingen van Renarp en VALENTIN zijn ui- terst inkorrekt en zelfs die van Brocu laat veel te wenschen over. Door hare heldere en fraaije kleuren is deze soort een der sierlijkste van haar geslacht. Holacanthus imperator CV. Poiss. VII p. 185. Habit. Macassar, in mari. 3 Longitudo speciminis unici a rostro usque ad basin pinnae caudalis TOW. Aanm. Mijn specimen heeft het achterste gedeelte des lig- chaams zoodanig beschadigd, dat eene volledige beschrijving er van niet mogelijk is. De talrijke reeds gepubliceerde af beel- dingen dezer soort in de werken van VarLENTIJN, Renard, Brocir en LacÉrÉpr, laten alle meerder of minder te wenschen over. Platax Boersii Blkr. Plat. corpore rhomboïdeo, (absque pinnis) altiore quam longo, (pinna 159 caudali inelusa longiore quam alto); linea dorso-rostro-ventrali arcum circuli similante; linca rostro-frontali leviter convexa; linca rostro-pcecto- rali linea rostro-dorsali duplo breviore; capite 44 circiter in longitndinc corporis, duplo altiore quam longo; rostro non prominente; oculis diame- iro 21 circiter in longitudine capitis; osse suborbitali angulo oris oculi diametro plus duplo humiliore; poris inframaxillaribus utroquc latere 3 vel 4; squamis lateribus 45 p. m. in serie longitudinali; pinnis dorsali et anali acutissimis clongatis, dorsali corpore altiore; pectoralibus obtusis eapite vix brevioribus; ventralibus acutissimis pinnam eaudalem attingen- tibus spina capite longiore; colore corpore grisco vel fuscesente-griseo ; fascia oculari et dorso-ventrali nigricantibus; pinnis pectoralibus viridibus, ventralibus nigris, ceteris viridi-nigricantibus, eaudali postice flavo mar- ginata. B. 6. D. 5/34. P. 2/13 vel 2/14. V. 1/5. A. 3/27. C. 17 et lat. brev. Habit. Maeassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 150%. Aanm. Deze soort staat in verwantschap tusschen Platax teira CV., Platax Dlochii CV., en Platax Gaimardi CV. In habitus heeft zij het meest van Platax tetra door haar cirkel- vormig profiel, maar bij Platax teira is het ligchaam even lang als hoog en het profiel boven de kruin sterker gebogen. Met Platax Blochii CV. , en Platax Gaimardi CV. heeft zij gemeen, dat het ligchaam hooger is dan lang, doch bij Platax Blochit is het profiel stomphoekig, de snuit-voorhoofdslijn nagenoeg regt en de snuit vooruitstekende, terwijl er de vertikale en de buikvinnen, bij exemplaren van dezelfde grootte als het boven- beschrevene, aanmerkelijk korter zijn. Dij Platax Gaimardi CV. is het ligchaam even even hoog als lang met inbegrip der staartvin, schijnt het oog meer achterwaarts geplaatst te zijn, reiken de buikvinnen slechts tot het midden der aarsvin, is de buikvindoorn meer dan drie maal korter dan de langste buikvinstraal, heeft de borstvin 18 stralen, enz. Ik draag deze nieuwe soort op aan den heer W. J. A. W. Boers, aan wien hare kennis te danken is. JI. 58 760 SCOMBEROIDEI. CanRaNcicurnys Blkr. Dentes supramaxilares et inframaxillares pluriseriati, serie ex- lerna longiores, maxilla inferiore antice aliquot caninoidei. Den- tes vomerini, palatini, linguales. Praeoperculum denticulatum. Linea lateralis scutis spiniferis armata. Membrana branchi- ostega radiis 7. Aanm. Dit nieuwe geslacht is zeer merkwaardig wegens het getand zijn des praeoperkels, hetwelk men, voor zoover mij bekend is, nog bij geene enkele soort van Scomberoïden van de groote afdeeling met gewapende zijlijn heeft aangetrof- fen. Reeds hierdoor verdient het als een afzonderlijk genus aangemerkt te worden, doch ook in zijn tandenstelsel levert het bijzonderheden op, welke het van Carangoides Blkr. en Carana Bikr. doen verschillen. Overigens staat het is verwant- schap tusschen Caranx Blkr. en Carangoides Bikr. en heeft in habitus het meest van laatstgenoemd genus. Carangichthys typus Blkr. Carangichth. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 3 fere in ejns lon- gitudine, latitudine 3 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite convexiusculo 4 fere in longitudine corporis, aeque alto circiter ac longo; vertice ele- vato convexiuscnlo; linea rostro-frontali declivi rectiuscula; oculis maxi- wa parte in anteriore dimidio corporis sitis, diametro 34 circiter in lon- gitudine capitis, minus diametro 4 a linea rostro-frontali remotis; osse suborbitali angulo oris oculi diametro duplo bumiliore; rostro oculo non longiore; maxillis aequalibus, superiore deorsum valde protractili sub medio oeulo desinente; dentibus maxillis serie externa seriebus internis longioribus curvatis subaequalibus; maxilla inferiore antice dentibus ali- quot eaninoideis; praeoperculo margine posteriore dentibus valde conspi- cuis; dorso elevato convexo; linea ventrali obtusangula linea dorsali mul- to humiliore; genis, operculis superne et triangulis peetoralibus lateralibus superne squamosis; triangnlis lateralibus inferne et triangulo inferiore to- tis alepidotis; linea laterali usque sub radio pinnae dorsalis radiosae medio circiter curvata, curvatura valde aperta, postice sentis spiniferis p. m. 22, latissimis 12 circiter in altitudine corporis; piunis acutis; dor- 761 sali spinosa spina 3a ceteris longiore corpore triplo circiter humiliore; dorsali radiosa acntissima corpore paulo humiliore; pectoralibus acutis capite brevioribus 44 circiter in longitudine corporis; ventralibus acutis pectoralibus paulo brevioribus, spinas anales attingentibus; spinis analibus parvis, posteriore longiore; pinna anali acutissima dorsali radiosa paulo humiliore; caudali lobis acntiuscule rotundatis 44 circiter in longitudine corporis; corpore superne viridescente inferne argenteo, toto anreo ncbu- lato; opereulo postice nigricante; pinna dorsali viridi apicem versus fuscescente; dorsali radiosa, anali, ventralibus, caudalique basi anran- tiacis, dimidio libero rubro-fuscis nigro marginatis; pectoralibus auran- tiaco-flavis. B. 7. D. 1 procumb. + 7—1—1/18. P. 9/29. V. 1/5. A. 2—1/17. C. 17 et lat. brev. Habit. Kema, Celebes septentrionalis, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 115///, Aanm. In habitus heeft deze soort vrij veel van Carangoides fulvoguttatus Bikr. en Carangoïdes oblongus Blkr. doch is da- delijk herkenbaar aan haar sterk getand praeoperkel, aan hare kleuren enz. TEUTHIDES. Acanthurus celebicus Bikr. Acanth. corpore oblongo eompresso, altitudine 3 fere in ejus longitu- dine, latitudine 3 et paulo in ejus altitudine; capite subrhomboïdco 4£ circiter in longitudine corporis, altiore quam longo; oculis diametro 33. circiter in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali inferne praesertim con- cava; rostro acuto; osse suborbitali oculi diametro duplo circiter altiorc; dentibus maxillis dimidio apicali denticulatis, maxilla superiore p. m. 16, maxilla inferiore p. m. 20; limbo pracoperculari valde obtusangulo lineae rostro-frontali snbparallelo; operculo et osse hnmerali valde striatis; squa- mis ctenoidcis, parvis, deciduis, lateribus 80 p. m. in serie longitudinali; cauda spina oculo duplo fere breviorc; pinnis dorsali ct anali obtusis ro- tundatis, dorsali spina postica spinis ceteris longiore; dorsali radiosa et anali altitudine 21 circiter in altitudine corporis; pinnis pectoralibus acutis 44 ad 41, ventralibus acntissimis 52 circiter in lougitudine corpo- ris; caudali radiis lateralibus valde productis 32 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore corpore aurantiaco-fusco, capite profundiore; labiis ni- gris flavo vel coeruleo limbatis; pinnis dorsali, anali et ventralibus 762 nigricante-fuscis; pectoralibus dimidio basali nigris dimidio apicali auran- tiacis; caudali nigricante-viridi limbo posteriore aurantiaco. B. 5. D. 8/26 vel 9/25. P. 2/14. V. 1/5. A. 3/21 vel 3/25. C, 16 et lat. brev. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 225''’. Aanm. Van de talrijke bekende bruinachtig gekleurde en ongestreepte soorten van Acanthurus met eigenlijke schubben is er geene, welker beschrijving voldoende op de bovenstaande past. Acanthurus celebicus is kenbaar. aan het langwerpige lig- chaam, hol profiel met vooruitstekenden snuit, hooge afgeron- de rug- en aarsvin, zeer verlengde zijdelijke staartvinstralen, . zwarte rug-, aars- en buikvinnen, witte lipbanden, zwart- en oranjekleurige borstvinnen enz. Eene na aan deze verwante soort is Acanthurus fuliginosus Less. (Voyag. Coquill. Zoöl. II p. 149 Poiss. tab. 27 fig. 2), doch behalve ligtere kleuren der vinnen en meer gewelfd voorhoofd, zou deze tot formule der rug- en aarsvin hebben D. 9/28 A. 3/20, welke getallen te zeer van de boven opgegevene afwijken om eene verdere toenadering toe te laten. Acanthurus humeralis GV. Poiss. X p. 170. Acanth. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 3 et paulo in ejus lon- gitudine, latitudine 24 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite subovali 5 circi- ter in longitudine corporis, altiore quam longo; oculis diametro 4 et pau- lo in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali convexa inferne tantum le- viter coneava; rostro obtuso; osse suborbitali oculi diametro plus duplo altiore; dentibus utraque maxilla 16 vel 18 dimidio apicali denticulatis den- ticulis obtusis; limbo praeoperculari valde obtusangulo; operculo et osse hu- merali valde striatis; squamis ctenoïdeis, parvis, lateribus 125 p. m. in serie longitudinali; cauda spina oculo non vel vix breviore; pinnis dorsali et anali postice obtnsiuscnlis angulatis, dorsali spina postica spinis ceteris longiore corpore plus triplo humiliore; piunis pectoralibus acutis 5 et pau- lo, ventralibus acutis 61 circiter, caudali emarginata lobis acutissimis val- de productis superiore longiore 4 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore corpore fusco; fascia longitudinali humerali aurantiaco-rubra nigro lim- bata longitadine pinnae pectoralis; regione nasali macula diffusa viridi; pinnis nigris pectoralibns postice coeruleis; caudali postice medio late se- milunariter alba nigro marginata. 165 B. 5. D. 9/24 vel 9/25. P. 2/15. A. 3/22 vel 3/23. C. 18 et lat. brev. Synon. Ikan Panglima of Veldheer Valent. Ind. Amb. III p. 409 fig. 199. Groot Eylander ou Insulaire de Manipe Renard Poiss. Mol. II tab. 12 fig. 55. Acanthurus olivaceus Bl. Schn. Syst. posth. p. 213. Acanthurus eparai Less. Voy. Coquill Zool. II p. 147 tab. 27 hor Acantlure eparai Less. ibid. Acanthure à epaulette CV. Poiss. X p. 170. Eparaï Insul. Taitens. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 258%. Aanm. Volgens Lrsson gaat in den verschen toestand een blaauwe band langs den achterrand des operkels en langs de basis der rugvin en is de formule van zijn specimen — D. 9/23. P. 14. V. 1/4. In het groote vischwerk is de formule op- gegeven — D. 9/25. P. 16. V. 1/5, dus meer beantwoordende aan die van het boven beschreven specimen. Naseus lituratus CV. Poiss. X p. 208. Nas. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 22 in ejus longitudine, la- titudine 3 fere in ejus altitudine; eapite aeuto 42 circiter in longitudine eorporis, aeque alto cireiter ae longo; oculis diametro 4 eirciter in longi- tudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali eoncava, fronte tantum eonvexa; fronte non cornuta; rostro acuto oculo triplo fere longiore; regione praeoculari suleo trigono; dentibus utraque maxilla 30 p. m. conieis obtusiuseulis ; opereulo kumerogue squamosis; praeopereulo valde obtusangulo rotundato; squamis eorpore minimis conspicuis, scabris; cauda utroque latere laminis 2 rotundis spiniferis armata, spinis latis valde eompressis oculo non vel vix brevioribus; pinna dorsali spina 1* crassissima spinis ceteris radiisque multo longiore, 34 circiter in altitudine eorporis; dorsali radiosa parte an- teriore parte posteriore altiore eorpore plus quadruplo humiliore; pecto- ralibus apiee acutis 62. circiter, ventralibus aeutis 8 et paulo, caudali se- milunariter emarginata anguli acuta 5 et paulo in longitudine corporis; anali eorpore plus sextuplo humiliore; eolore eorpore castaneo; regione supraoenlari et ventre eastaneo-rubris; labiis rubris; vitta oculo-maxil- lari rubra inferne postrorsum curvata; rostro nigricante; cauda rubra vel aurantiaea, inter laminas spiniferas vitta transversa coernlea; dorso et ven- 164 tre vitta coerulea ad basin pinnae dorsalis et analis; pinna dorsali antice tota postice dimidio inferiore nigra, postiee dimidio superiore flavo su- perne nigro inferne coeruleo limbata; pectoralibus viridi-fuscis; ventrali- bus aurantiacis; anali aurantiaco-rubra nigro et albo marginata basi pos- tice fascia longitudinali viridi-fusca; caudali castanea postice margine du- plice aurantiaco-viridi et flava vel alba. BB. 4. D.-6/315-P--2/15. Veerse. 2/31C. 46 co. Synon. Ikan Maroeke of Maroeke visch Valent. Ind. Amb. III p. 371! Eo Hio AMarouque Renard Poiss. Mol. I tab. 23 fig. 128. Leervisch ou Poisson revêtu de cuir Ren. ibid. II tab. 31 fig. 147. Zarpurus lituratus Forst. apud CV. Poiss. X p. 208. Acanthurus lituratus Bl. Schn. Syst. posth. p. 216. Acanthurus harpurus Shaw Gen. Zool. IV, I p. 381. Aspisurus elegans Rüpp. Atl. n. N. Afr. F. R. M. p. 61 tab. Mes Za Monoceros ecornis Ehr. apud Rüpp. Atl. R. N. Afr. F. R. M. p. 61. Prionurus eoume Less. Voy. Coquill. Zoól. II p. 151. Nason bariolé CV. Poiss. X p. 208. Aspisurus lituratus Rüpp. N. Wirb. YF. Abyss. F. R. M. p. 130. FLoume Insul. Taïtens. Habit. Macassar, in mari. - Longitudo speciminis unici 935''', Aanm. De getallen der rug- en aarsvinstralen schijnen bij deze soort aan aanmerkelijke verschillen onderhevig te zijn, daar andere schrijvers ze vermelden als slechts te bedragen D. 6/25 A. 2/28. Bij het specimen van de Roode zee, afgebeeld in het werk van de heer RürPrrr, is de rugvin anders gekleurd en van voren geheel geel terwijl er de randstralen der staart- vin zwart zijn en zeer verlengd, wat bij mijn voorwerp het geval niet is. GOBIOIDEI. $ Gobius Fontanesii Blkr. „Gob. corpore elongato compresso, altitudine 9 ad 10 in ejus longitu- dine, latitudine 14 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite obtuso convexo, 6 circiter in longitudine corporis, duplo longiore quam alto; oculis diame- 165 tro 4 circiter in longitudine capitis, valde approximatis, totis in anterio- re dimidio capitis sitis; cute orbitali palpebraeformi; vertice sqnamoso; rostro convexo, obtuso, laevi, oculo breviore; rietu obliquo, sub medio oculo desinente; maxillis dentibus pluriseriatis. maxilla superiore seriebns internis minimis, serie externa conleis curvatis majoribus; maxilla infe- riore antice dentibus seriebus internis minimis, serie externa conicis cur- vatis majoribus, lateribus medio caninoïdeis 4 curvatis; snleo oculo- opereulari inconspicuo; squamis parvis, lateribus 90 p. m. in serie lon- gitudinali, squamis caudalibus squamis pectoralibus multo majoribus; appendice anali oblonga, obtusa; pinna dorsali spinosa corpore altiore spina 3* ceteris longiore; dorsali radiosa corpore altiore sed dorsali spi- nosa humiliore postice angulata; pectoralibus rotundatis capite vix bre- vioribus; ventrali aeuta capite paulo longiore; anali corpore non altiore postice angulata; caudali obtusiuscule rotundata 44 circiter in longitndiue corporis; eorpore rufo fasciis 3 latis transversis diffusis fuscis, 1* sub pin- na dorsi spinosa, 2* et 2* sub pinna dorsi radiosa; capite superne punc- tis flavis; pinnis dorsali 1* et ventrali fuscis, ceteris rufis, verticalibus marginem liberum versus fuscis, dorsali radiosa basi membrana inter sin- gulas radios macnla pnlchre flava. DRE 7/15 vel 1/16. P. 21. V. 1/5. A. 1/6 vel 1/17. C. 13 vel 15 et lat. brev. Habit, Bulucumba, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 156% Aanm. Deze soort behoort tot de groep van Gobius lance- olatus Bl. en heeft daarmede groote verwantschap, maar hare staartvin is aanmerkelijk korter en stomper, hare borstvinnen en buikvinnen zijn langer, de vinstralen talrijker, de aars veel verder achterwaarts geplaatst enz. Van andere verwante Ame- rikaansche soorten, zooals Gobius baccalaus CV., Gobius sma- ragdus CV. en Gobius brasiliensis Bl. is zij even gemakkelijk te onderkennen. Gobius hasta T. Schl. (Faun. jap. Poiss. p. 144 tab. 75 fig. 1) van Japan, welke insgelijks tot deze groep behoort, heeft aanmerkelijk ranker ligehaam, andere kleurlee- kening, D. 8 — 20, spitsere staart- en borstvinnen enz. PSEUDOCHROMIDES. Cichlops melanotaenia Blkr. Cichl. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 4 in ejus longitudine, la- 766 titudine 22 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite obtuso, eonvexo, 5 in lon- gitudine corporis, paulo altiore quam longo; oculis diametro 4 in longi- tudine capitis; rostro obtuso oculo breviore; osse suborbitali oeuli dia- metro humiliore; maxilla superiore 24 circiter in longitudine eapitis, sub oculo desinente; maxilla inferiore prominente; rictu valde obliquo; den- tibus maxillis pluriseriatis, serie externa conicis majoribus, maxilla su- periore antice caninis 2, maxilla inferiore antice eaninis 2 et utroque la- tero canino unico; dentibus vomerinis in vittam gracilem subsemilunarem dispositis; maxillis, mento rostroque alepidotis; fronte, vertiee ossibus- que operenlaribus totis sqnamosis, anaeanthis; squamis ciliatis, lateribus 60 p. m. in serie longitudinali; linea laterali e tubulis simplieibus compo- sita, antice valde adscendente, sub radio pinnae dorsalis 19° eirciter in- terrupta et sub radio dorsali 15° reincipiente; pinnis, ventralibus excep- tis, basi squamosis; dorsali ante radicem pectoralis ineipiente, postice aeuta, corpore paulo humiliore, radiis anticis radiis posticis longissimis plus duplo brevioribus; peetoralibus rotundatis 54 cireiter, ventralibus acutis- simis subfiligeris 42 eireiter in longitudine corporis; anali postiee acuta dorsali paulo humiliore; eaudali rotundata 4i circiter in longitudine cor- poris; colore corpore superne fusco-rubro, inferne pulchre rubro; dorso lateribusque vittis 10 nigris longitudinalibus, 1* ad basin pinna dorsalis, 2* supra lineam lateralem, 3* sub media pinna dorsali desinente, 4* pos- tice cum 1* unita, 5, 6, 7* et € basin pinnae eaudalis attingentibus, 9° et 10* gastro-analibus; genis oblique fusco striatis; pinnis pulchre rubris, vertiealibus nigro marginatis; dorsali antice punetis postice vittulis longi- tudinalibus profundioribus; anali vittis obliquis profundioribus; pectorali- bus superne basi macula triquetra nigra. Beebe D... 2/25. vel 2/26. P. 2/17. V,.1/5. A. 3/14 vell 3J 151C. W et lat. brev. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speeiminis unici 185'//. - Aanm. Deze uiterst fraaije soort is na verwant aan Ci- chlops cyclophthalmus J. Müll. 'Trosch., beschreven en afgebeeld in de Horae ichthyologicae van de heeren Troscner en J. Mür- LER (aflev. HI p. 24 tab. 4 fig. 1), zoo zelfs, dat afmetingen des lig- chaams en getallen der vinstralen van mijn specimen vrij naauw- keurig aan de aangehaalde beschrijving beantwoorden. Evenwel spreken daar de heeren Mürrer en Troscrer van 4 hondstanden in de bovenkaak, van inplanting der rugvin boven de basis der borstvin en van gelijke hoogte van alle rugvinstralen, ter- wijl zij niets vermelden van de zeer scherp uitgedrukte over- 767 langsche banden des ligchaams. Volgens de afbeelding van Ci- chlops cyclophthalmus te oordeelen, is de buikvin er veel korter en begint de staartzijlijn veel verder achterwaarts dan bij Ci- chlops melanotaenia. LABROIDEI CTENOIDEI. Amphiprion trifasciatus CV. Poiss. V p. 297. Amphipr. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 2 ad 3 in ejus longi- tudine, latitudine 21 ad 21 in ejus altitudine; capite obtuso convexo 4 ad 41 in longitudine corporis, paulo altiore quam longo; linea rostro-fron- tali convexa; fronte plana; oculis diametro 3 circiter in longitudine capitis; fronte alepidota; osse suborbitali sub oculo oculo plus duplo humiliore den- ticulis nullis sed spina parva deorsum spectante armato; maxillis aequalibus dentibus conicis valde conspicuis; maxilla superiore sub oculi parte anteriore desinente; rictu curvato; praeoperculo rectangulo angulo rotundato leviter dentato; ossibus opercularibus ceteris spinoso-dentatis spinis gracilibus; squamis lateribus 50 p. m. in serie longitudinali; linea laterali simplice sub pinnae dorsalis parte posteriore interrupta; pinna dorsali partem spi- nosam inter et radiosam valde incisa, parte spinosa parte radiosa humi- liore spinis mediis ceteris longioribus, parte radiosa obtusa rotundata; pectoralibus rotundatis et ventralibus obtusis 5 circiter in longitudine cor- poris; anali rotundata, dorsali radiosa humiliore; caudali obtusa rotun- data 5 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore corpore fuscescente-nigro, capite dilutiore; fascia dorso-operculari lata usque ad apicem pinnae dor- : salis radiosae producta et fascia dorso-anali lata margaritaceis; cauda margaritacea; pinna caudali nigra marginibus et angulis late margarita- ceis; pinnis dorsali, ventralibus analique nigris, anali albo marginata; pectoralibus violaceis. BL /t4 vel-11/15. P. 2/17. V. 1/5. A. 2/19 vel 2/18. C. 15 vel 17 et lat. brev. Synon. Amphiprion à trois bandes CV. Poiss. V p. 297. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo 2 speciminum 84'/' et 85'', Aanm. Ik breng de bovenbeschrevene specimina tot Amphi- prion trifasciatus CV., niettegenstaande de staartvinnen er uit- gerand zijn en de rug langs de rugvin de witte streep mist, welke verschillen slechts op eene verscheidenheid duiden. Mijne Il. 59 768 specimina hebben eene bijzonder groote overeenkomst met die, welke ik van Amphiprion ‘bifasciatus Bl. Schn. bezit en zijn daarvan, behalve door den parelkleurigen staart en donkerder gekleurd ligchaam, slechts te onderscheiden door minder bol profiel en aanmerkelijk platter voorhoofd. LABROIDEI CYCLOIDEI. Julis (Halichoeres) castur? Blkr. Jul. (ITalich.) corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 3£ circiter in ejus longitudine, latitudine 2 et paulo in ejus altitudine; capite acutiusculo 4 in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 1i circiter in ejus longitudine ; oculis diametro 5 circiter in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali su- perne ante oculos concava rostro convexa; rostro oculo longiore; labiis carnosis; dentibus maxillis parvis conicis, caninis nullis; dente angulo oris dentibus ceteris longiore, prominente; dorso humili; linea ventrali linea dorsali convexiore; linea laterali singulis squamis tubulo simplice notata; squamis lateribus 25 p. m. in serie longitudinali; squamis sub basi pinnae pectoralis squamis ccteris multo majoribus; pinnis dorsali et anali basi glabris, dorsali spina postica spinis ceteris longiore sed radio 1° mul- to humiliore, parte radiosa corpore triplo humiliore postice angulata; pectoralibus in dimidio corporis superiore sitis acutis 6 circiter, ventra- libus aeutis 8 et paulo in longitudine corporis; anali corpore triplo hu- miliore postice angulata; caudali convexa 6 circiter in longitudine corpo- xis; colore corpore superne viridi, lateribus flavo, inferne margaritaceo- viridi; vittis corpore 4 longitudinalibus rubro-violaceis, superiore ad ba- sin pinnae dorsalis decurrente, 2° rostro-supraoculo-caudali, 3 maxillo-in- fraoculo-laterali ante apicem pinnae pectoralis desinente, inferiore mento- thoracico-caudali mento postrorsum et deorsum curvata thorace infra pinnam pectoralem decurrente; pinna dorsali rubra nigro marginata, parte spinosa vitta longitudinali nigricante; pinna caudali flava; pinnis ceteris viridibus. B. 6. D. 9/11 vel 9/12;.P. 2/711. V. 1/5. A. 3/11 elg E LINT lat. brev. Synon. Gallenay castour? Renard Poiss. Mol. I tab. 24 fig. 133. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 130%”. Aanm. Deze soort is het naaste verwant aan Julis (Ha- lichoeres) balteatus QG., doch laat zich onderkennen aan den eigenaardigen loop der overlangsche paarse banden, hoo- 169 ger ligchaam, stomperen kop enz. Bij Julis (Halichoeres) bal- teatus QG. gaat de kin-operkelband slechts tot aan de kicuw- opening en gaat een band uit den oksel naar den staart. In mijne Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Banda-eilanden heb ik Renarp’s Gallenaij castouri ten onregte (even als de heer Varencrennes) tot Julis balteatus QG. gebragt. ^ Scarus nacvius CV. Poiss. XIV p. 188? Scar. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 42 ad 33 in ejus longitu- dine, latitudine 2 in ejus altitudine; capite acutiusculo, leviter convexo, inter oculos planiusculo, 4 et paulo in longitudine corporis, longiore quam alto; oculis lineae frontali approximatis, diametro 5 circiter in longitudine capitis; rostro convexo oculo multo longiore; labiis carnosis maxillas totas tegentibus; maxillis roseis, marginibus liberis dentieulis utroque la- tere 20 p. m. crenulatis, dentibus angularibus nullis; maxilla inferiore superficie externa scabriuscula; maxilla superiore superficie externa gla- bra; squamis lateribus 22 in serie longitudinali, 8 in serie transversali; linea laterali singulis squamis valde arborescente; pinna dorsali spinis gracilibus subaequalibus corpore minus triplo humilioribus, membrana in- ter singulas spinas valde incisa non lobata; dorsali radiosa rotundata; pin- nis pectoralibus obtusis rotundatis 12 in longitudine capitis; ventralibus obtusiusculis capite duplo circiter brevioribus; anali angulata dorsali ra- diosa humiliore; caudali convexa 6 circiter in longitudine corporis; colo- re corpore superne aureo-viridi, inferne aurantiaco-flavo; genis olivaceis fasciis 2 transversis flavis; operculis olivaceo et flavo variegatis; squamis corpore plurimis macula magna irregulari nigricante-viridi; ventre insuper guttis luteis; pinna dorsali aurantiaco-viridi maculis magnis viridi-nigri- cantibus subfasciatim dispositis; pinnis ceteris aurantiacis, pectoralibus basi macula magna nigricante, ventralibus, anali caudalique viridi-fusco nebulatis. EN UD. 9/10 vel 9/11. P. 2/11. V. 1/5. A. 3/9 vel 3/10. C. 12 et lat. brev. Synon, Scare aux taches brunes CV. Poiss. XIV p. 188. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo 2 speciminum 205''/ et 228'/’, Aanm. Deze soort moet na ver want zijn aan Scarus vaigiensis CV. (Poiss. XIV p. 159) van de Sechellen, doch laat er zich niet wel mede vereenigen, daar van Scarus vaigiensis gezegd wordt, dat zij de oppervlakte der kaken glad heeft, dat er 110 elke schub eene roodbruine vlek heeft, dat de groenachtige vertikale vinnen bruine stippen op de stralen hebben en de borst- en buikvinnen grijs zijn. Ik breng mijn specimen tot Scarus naevius CV. (Poiss. XIV p. 188) ofschoon de beschrij- ving der kleuren van den heer VaLENcIENNES eenigzins van de mijne afwijkt en van Scarus naevius gezegd wordt, dat zij de randen der kaken glad heeft. Scarus fraenatus Lacép. Poiss. IV p. 13 tab. 1 fig. 2. CV. Poiss. XIV p. 168? Scar. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 34 circiter in ejus longi- tudine, latitudine 2 et paulo in ejus altitudine; capite convexo, acuto, 3} circiter. in longitudine corporis, longiore quam alto; oculis a linea frontali remotis, diametro 6 circiter in longitudine capitis; rostro acuto, convexo, oculo vix duplo longiore; labiis carnosis maxillas totas tegen- tibus; maxillis roseis superficie externa glabris, margine libero crenulatis, utroque latere dentibus plus quam 20, angulis maxilla superiore dentibus 2, maxilla inferiore dente 1 extrorsum spectantibus; squamis lateribus 22 in serie longitudinali, 8 p. m. in serie transversali ; linea laterali singulis squamis non vel vix arborescente; pinna dorsali spinis gracilibus subae- qualibus corpore plus triplo humilioribus, parte radiosa angulata; pinnis pectoralibus acutis 14 circiter, ventralibus acutis 12 circiter in longitudine capitis; anali angulata dorsali non vel vix humiliore; caudali radiis an- gularibus productis 5 circiter in longitudine corporis; corpore dimidio anteriore fusco-olivaceo, dimidio posteriore viridi-flavescente, marginibus squamarum rubescentibus; colore lateribus profundiore ante apicem pin- nae pectoralis desinente; capite fascia maxillo-operculari lutea; rostro fusco-olivaceo; labio inferiore viridi et rubro limbato; pinna dorsali vio- lascente antice profundiore, aurantiaco et violaceo limbata; anali dimi- dio basali violacea dimidio libero rubra; pinnis ceteris rubescentibus. B. 5. D. 9/10 vel 9/11. P, 2/12. V. 1/5. Av S/C le lat. brev. Synon. Scare bridé Lacép. Poiss. IV p. 12 tab. 1, fig. 9.? Habit. Bulucomba, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 215''' Aanm. Het bovenbeschreven specimen vergelijkende met de afbeelding van Scarus fraenatus van LacÉrtpr (Hist. Poiss. IV, tab. 1 fig. 2) komt het mij voor, dat het daartoe te brengen is, vooral op grond van de sterke afscheiding van het voorste LI 771 donkere van het achterste lichter gekleurde gedeelte des lig- chaams, den kaakoperkelband en de verlengde staartvinhoe- ken. Die afbeelding verschilt echter nog in zoo talrijke op- zigten van mijn specimen, dat men ligtelijk geneigd zou kunnen zijn, mijn specimen tot eene eigene species te brengen. Vol- gens aangehaalde afbeelding toch is de kop veel stomper en boller, zijn de rug- en aarsvinnen veel lager dan bij mijn specimen en is het punt van scheiding tusschen de donkere en heldere ligchaamshelft zoo ver achter de punt der borstvinnen als deze vinnen lang zijn. Indien die afbeelding alzoo betrek- king heeft tot dezelfde, soort als het bovenbeschreven speci- men, is zij zeer onnaauwkeurig. CowwEnsoN vond deze soort inden Indischen Oceaan en heeft daarvan eene afbeelding nagelaten, naar welke de figuur in het werk van LacÉrkpr is genomen en naar welke de korte beschrijvingen van LacÉripr en VALENCIENNES opgemaakt zijn. Ten opzigte der door mij opgegevene kleuren moet ik aanteekenen, dat zij door den wijngeest waarschijnlijk aanmerkelijk geleden hebben. ESOCES. Exocoetus oxycephalus Blkr. Exocoet. corporc elongato quadrilatero, fere aeque lato ac alto, altitu- dine 7 circiter in ejus longitudine; capite prismatico acuto, 54 ad 54 in lon- gitudine corporis: altitudine capitis ad medium oenlum 2 in ejus longitudine; linea rostro-frontali declivi-reetinseula; fronte eoncavinscula; oculis diame- tro 3 circiter in longitudine capitis, diametro 1 ad 14 a se inviecm dis- tantibus; rostro oculo minus duplo breviore; maxillis dentibus minimis, superiore, ore clauso, inferiore vix breviore, inferiore non cirrata symphysi vix tuberculata; squamis lateribus 50 p. m.in seric longitudinali; pinna dor- sali non vel vix ante analem incipiente, corpore duplo humiliore, anali non vel vix longiore; pectoralibus pinnae dorsalis partem posteriorem attingenti- bus, 2 fere in longitudine totius corporis; ventralibns pinnae analis partem mediam vel posteriorem attingentibus radiis 2 modiis ceteris longioribus 5 cireiter in longitudine corporis; anali corpore plus duplo humiliore: caudali lobo inferiore longiore 42 ad 4i in longitudine corporis; colore dorso profunde coernleo, lateribus ventreqne margaritaceo vcl argenteo; 712 pinnis dorsali et caudali viridescentibus, ventralibus analique hyalinis, pectoralibus violaceo-coeruleis. . B. 11. D. 1/9-vel 1/10. P. 1/15 vel 1/16. VT A VAR velmesaol C. 15 et lat. brev. Habit. Macassar, Batavia, in mari. Longitudo 3 speciminum 195'/ ad 215'!'. Aanm. Deze soort is verwant aan die, welke ik in mijne Bijdrage tot de kennis der Snoekachtige visschen van den In- dischen Archipel (Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV) beschreef onder den naam van Exocoetus unicolor CV?. Zij laat zich echter ‘hiervan gemakkelijk onderscheiden door spitseren en lageren kop, niet bollen snuit, niet of naauwelijks voor de aarsvin beginnende rugvin, die niet of naauwelijks langer is dan de aarsvin enz. Aan Exocoetus speculiger CV. beantwoordt zij door gelijke ge- tallen der rug- en aarsvinstralen enz. doch verschilt er van, door minder langwerpig ligchaam, gemis der borst- en buik- vinvlekken enz. Ik kan haar ook niet terugbrengen tot eenige der overige talrijke reeds bekende soorten van Exocoetus, welker beschrijvingen echter, uit een diagnostisch oogpunt, in het .al- gemeen nog aanmerkelijk te wenschen overlaten. CLUPEOIDEI. Clupeoides macassarienis Blkr. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Har. Vissch. Clupeoid. corpore elongato compresso, altitudine 7 ad 72 in ejus lon- gitudine, latitudine 14 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite acuto 44 ad 42 in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 2 in ejus longitudine; oculis dia- metro 4 circiter in longitudine capitis; ore antico dentibus omnibus mi- nimis tactu tantum conspicuis; maxillis aequalibus superiore sub oculi lim- bo anteriore desinente; dorso humili leviter convexo; ventre obtuso non serrato; squamis deciduis, lateribus 32 p. m. in serie longitudinali; linea laterali recta bene conspicua; axillis inguinibusque squamis elongatis nul- lis; pinna dorsali fere tota ante ventrales sita, acuta, non emarginata,’ corpore paulo humiliore; pectoralibus et ventralibus acutis, pectoralibus capite minus duplo brevioribus sed ventralibus longioribus; anali in 4* quin- ta corporis parte sita, humillima, capite triplo breviore; caudali profunde ineisa lobis obtusiusculis 7 in longitudine corporis; colore corpore superne \| profunde coeruleo lateribus ct inferne argenteo; pinnis hyalinis, caudali basi striis 4 longitudinalibus profunde coeruloeis. BNC: P. I/D SV. 1/7. A. 1/8. C. 17 vel 19 et lat. brev: Synon. Clupea macassariensis Dlkr. Contrib. Ichth. Celeb. in Journ. Ind. Archip. 1849 p. 72. Habit. Macassar, et Ternate, in mari. Longitudo 6 speciminum 60°” ad 70'''. Aanm. Deze soort verschilt van Clupeoïdes borneënsis Blkr. (Nat. T. N. Ind. I p. 270, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Haring. p. 17) door stompen niet gezaagden buik, bijkans geheel vóór de buikvinnen ingeplante rugvin, blaauwe kleur des ligchaams , blaauwe staartstrepen enz. Sardinella clupeoides Blkr. Verh. Dat. Gen. XXIV Ha- ring. p. 19. Sardin., corpore subelongato compresso, altitudine 44 ad 5 in cjus lon- gitudine, latitudine 2 circiter in ejus altitudine; eapite acuto 43 ad 54 in longitudine corporis, paulo longiore quam alto; linea rostro-frontali decli- vi rectiuscula; oculis diametro 34 ad 82 in longitudine capitis; maxillis aequalibus, superiore ante oculum desinente 3 et paulo in longitudine ca- pitis, inferiore dentibus nullis conspienis; dentibus palatinis et pterygoïdeis parvis bene conspicuis; lingua fere tota dentibus seabra; ossibus frontalibus posterioribus striatis; dorso et ventre obtusis rotundatis; ventre scutis 26 p. m. postice obtusis truncatis non dentatis; squamis deciduis non striatis, "lateribus 95 p. m. in serie longitudinali; axillis inguinibusque squamis "elongatis; linea laterali inconspicua; pinna, dorsali postice in anteriore corporis parte sita, ventralibus opposita, acuta, vix emarginata, corpore duplo vel fere duplo humiliore; pectoralibus et ventralibus acutis, peeto- ralibus 14 in longitudine capitis ventralibus multo longioribns; anali hu- millima peetoralibus paulo breviore, radiis 2 ultimis ecteris crassioribns; caudali profunde incisa lobis acutis 5 circiter in longitudine corporis; colore dorso eoeruleo, lateribus ventreque argenteo; rostro nigro; pinnis hyalinis vel flavescentibus, dorsali apicem et caudali marginem posteri- orem versus fuscescentibus. BEDS. P. 16 vel 17. V. 1/7. A. 17 vcl 18. C. 17 ct lat. brev- Synon. Amblygaster clupeoides Blkr. Contrib. Ichth. Faun. Celeb. in Journ. Ind. Archip. 1849 p. 73. Ikan Lemuru et Ikan Bulan bulan Mal. Batav. 114 Habit. Macassar, Batavia, in mari. Longitudo 16 speciminum 110'' ad 203'''. Aanm. Te Batavia wordt deze soort gewoonlijk slechts bij de koraaleilandjes der reede gevangen. Zij is verwant aan Sardinella leiogaster CV. doch hooger van ligchaam, heeft eene aanmerkelijk kortere bovenkaak, minder buikschilden en zij- schubben, mist de vlekteekening der zijden enz. Spratella tembang Blkr. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Ha- ring. p. 28. Spratell. eorpore subelongato compresso, altitudine 5 ad 44 in ejus lon gitudine, latitudine 24 ad 21 in ejus altitudine; capite acutiusculo 5 ad 54 in longitudine corporis, paulo longiore quam alto; oculis diametro 34 ad 4 in longitudine capitis; ore antico rictu parvo; rostro oculo jnniori- bus non, adultis vix longiore; maxilla superiore edentula sub oculi lim- bo anteriore desinente; maxilla inferiore symphysi denticulis aliquot tac- tu magis quam visu conspicuis; dentibus palatinis vix conspicuis utro- que latere in thurmam oblongam dispositis; lingua medio tantum crista denticulis vix conspicuis leviter scabra; lineis dorsali et ventrali rotun- datis; dorso ventre paulo convexiore medio interdum leviter gibboso; linea laterali conspicua; squamis parte basali vulgo transversim parte libera vulgo longitudinaliter striatis, lateribus 40 p. m. in serie longitu- dinali; axillis inguinibusque squamis elongatis; ventre cultrato scutis p. m. 30 ad 32 postice dentatis serrato; pinna dorsali postice in anteri- ore dimidio corporis sita, medio ventralibus opposita, corpore duplo hu- miliore, emarginata; pectoralibus acutis capite brevioribus sed ventralibus duplo fere longioribus; anali humillima, dorsali vix longiore, radiis 2 pos- ticis ceteris crassioribus; caudali lobis acutis 5 circiter in longitudine cor- poris; colore corpore superne coeruleo, lateribus inferneque argenteo; ros- tro nigro; pinnis hyalinis vel flavescentibus; dorsali superne et caudali postice nigro marginatis, dorsali antice basi macula triangulari nigra. B. 6. D. 18 vel 19. P. 14 ad 16. V. 1/7. A. 18 ad 20. Č. 19 et lat. brev. Synon. Clupea gibbosa Blkr. Contrib. Ichth. Celeb. in Journ. Ind. Ar- chip. 1849 p. 72. Ikan Tembang Mal. Batav. Habit. Macassar, Batavia, in mari. Longitudo 30 speciminum 84°” ad 185'//, Aanm. Spratella tembang is na verwant aan Spratella fim- 95 briata CV. doch onderscheidt er zich van, doordien de buiklijn minder bol is dan de ruglijn, door rankere vormen, minder scherp gekielden buik enz. Te Batavia wordt zij, even als Spratella fimbriata CV. dagelijks bij duizenden ter markt ge- bragt. Sprarerzoïnes Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Haring. p. 99. Ossa maxiilaria superiora maxillam superiorem maxima par- te constituentia, postice non producta. Rictus parvus. Dentes supramaxillares , inframaxillares, vomerini, linguales. Pinnae ventrales. Membrana branchiostega radiis 6. Spratelloides argyrotaemia Blkr. Verh. Bat. Gen. ibid. Spratelloid. corpore elongato compresso, altitudine 7 circiter in ejus longitudine, latitudine 14 circiter in ejus altitudine; capite acuto 5 in longitudine corporis, duplo longiore quam alto; oculis diametro 84 circi- ter in longitudine capitis; rostro acuto oculo longiore; ore antico rictu parvo; maxilla superiore ante oculum desinente postice leviter dentienla- ta, inferiore vix prominente; vomere antice et lingua medio denticulatis; dorso non carinato; ventre parum cultrato non vel vix serrato; squamis «5. ? linea laterali inconspicua; pinna dorsali tota vel fere tota ante pinnas ventrales medio dorso sita, acuta, corpore vix humiliorc, non emarginata; pectoralibus acutis ventralibus longioribus; anali humili; cau- dali semilunariter emarginata lobis acutis 7 in longitudine corporis; colore corpore flavescente-hyalino (?) fascia cephalo-caudali argentca; rostro ni- gro; pinnis hyalinis (?). BD: P. 16? V. 1/7. A. 13 vcl 14. C. 17 et lat. brev. Synon. Clupea argyrotaeniata Blkr. Contr. Ichth. Celeb. Journ. Ind, Ar- chip. 1849 p. 72. Habit. Macassar, Ternate in mari. Longitudo 9 speciminum 62''^ ad 70%”. Aanm. In habitus heeft deze soort veel van Clupea gracilis T. Schl. (Faun japon. Poiss.). tab. 108, doch volgens de heeren Tex- MINCK en SCHLEGEL zijn daar geenerlei tanden in kaken, gehe- UL 60 116 melte of tong waargenomen, zoodat zij tot Alausa schijnt te behooren. De tanden van Spratelloïdes argĳrotaenia zijn echter uiterst klein en het zou wel kunnen wezen, dat eene nadere waarneming ze insgelijks bij Clupea gracilis T. Schl. deed vin- den. MURAENOIDEI. Ophisurus brachysoma Blkr. Ophisur. corpore cylindraceo postice compresso, valde elongato, altitu- dine 22 p. ni. in ejus longitudine; capite acuto convexo, corpore non la- tiore, 10 circiter in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 24 circiter in ejus longitudine; oculis diametro 10 et paulo in longitudine capitis, pan- lo longiore quam basi lato, apice parum carnoso; tubulis nasalibus oculo brevioribus; rictu post oculum producto 3 fere in longitudine capitis; la- bio superiore papillato; maxilla superiore inferiore multo longiore; den- tibus palatinis, nasalibus, vomerinis inframaxillaribusque granulatis obtu- sissimis, pluriseriatis, palatinis ante apicem laminae deutalis vomerinae desinentibus, 4- ad 5- seriatis; disco nasali subovali dentibus p. m. 18 ab apice laminae dentalis vomerinae spatio glabro remotis; lamina dentali vomerina laminis dentalibus palatinis etinframaxillaribus longiore, postice aeuta, medio dentibus 5- ad 6- seriatis; dentibus inframaxillaribus 4- ad 5- seriatis; symphysi glabra; apertura branchiali semilunari; cute laevi rugosula; linea laterali nucha incipiente, conspicua, tubulosa; pinna dor- sali quinta parte capitis longitudinis post aperturam branchialem ineipien- te, corpore duplo circiter humiliore, ad apicem caudae desinente, radiis duplieutis, postice vix emarginata; pinnis pectoralibus rotundatis 3 circiter in longitudine capitis; anali antice in dimidio posteriore 3** sextae cor- eorporis partis incipiente, corpore plus duplo humiliore postice emargina- ta, radiis posticis radiis dorsalibus oppositis; colore corpore profunde oli- . vaeeo inferne dilutiore; pinna dorsali profunde viridi margine late nigri- cante; pectoralibus analique nigricantibus. B. 93. D. 304 p. m. P. 15. A. 200 p. m. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 740%”. Aaum. Deze Ophisurus behoort tot dezelfde groep als Ophi- surus Schaapti Blkr., Ophisurus cancrivorus Richards. enz. doch 717 laat zich gemakkelijk van alle bekende soorten dier groep on- derscheiden door haar betrekkelijk hoog ligchaam, gering aantal kieuwstralen, door de getallen der rug- en aarsvinstralen, door haar tandenstelsel, kleuren, lengte van bekspleet en borst- vinnen enz. Zij schijnt nog het naaste verwant te zijn aan Ophisurus cancrivorus, doch deze zou 33 kieuwstralen hebben, de borstvinnen korter, de bekspleet wijder (volgens de afbeel- ding QU, maal gaande in de lengte van den kop), geene zigt- bare zijlijn, groote lip- en de snuitporiën en de gehemeltetan- den reikende tot aan de spits der tandplaat van het ploeg- been. Conger bagio Cant. Mal. Fish. p. 916. Cong. corpore valde elongato compresso, altitudine 22 ad 17 in ejus lon- gitudine, latitudine 14 ad 1£ in cjus altitadine; capite acuto 6 ad 64 in longitudine corporis; rostro acuto, apice carnoso, clavato, 32 circiter in longitudine capitis; linca rostro-frontali, apice rostri excepto, concavius- cula; oculis diametro 10 ad 114 in longitudine capitis, 28 circiter in lon- gitudine rostri, 1 ad 1i in victus parte postoculari; naribus anticis tubu- latis; maxilla superiore inferiore longiore; dentibus palatinis conicis bre- vibus, anticis uniseriatis, posticis pluriseriatis, serie externa serie senn- da brevioribus; lainina dentali palatina medio denticulis parcis vel nullis; dentibus nasalibus pcriphericis subulatis, elongatis, 4 ad 6, mediis bre- vibus uniseriatis p. m. 5; dentibus vomerinis tri-vel pluriseriatis, in thur- mam elongatam dentes nasales attingentem rostro vix longiorem dispositis, seriebus lateralibus brevibus conicis, serie media elongatis tricuspidatis 6 ad 10; dentibus inframaxillaribus sympliysi 14 ad 22, serie externa 6 ad 12 parvis, scrie interna 8 ad 10 subulatis elongatis; dentibus inframaxillari- bus lateralibus conicis ct compressis, brevibus, anticis biseriatis, posticis tri-vel quadriseriatis, dentibus serie externa erectis nec extrorsum spec- tantibus dentibus serie sccunda compressis minoribus; rictu longitudine 21 circiter in longitudine capitis; regione postmaxillari poris seriatis no- tata; linea laterali tubulosa; pinna dorsali supra vel vix ante aperturam branchialem incipiente, antice corpore plus, postice corpore minus duplo humiliore; pinnis pectoralibus acute rotundatis 91 ad 84 in longitudine capitis; anali postice in 2* quinta vel antice in 3* quinta corporis parte incipiente, corpore plus duplo humiliore; colore corpore superne olivacco- viridi inferne argenteo vel flavescente-argenteo; pinnis viridi-flavescenti- bus, verticalibus nigro limbatis. EE el 2991.:050-2d-270: D. ravels. "A. 199 ad 9239C. 105m. 116 Synon. Muraena bagio Ham. Buch. Gang. Fish. p. 24, 364. Muraenesox tricuspidata MacCl. Apod. Fish. Deng. Cale. Journ. Nat. H. IV p. 409 tab. 24 fig. 1, a, b. 0» JHamiltonii MacCl. ibid. V p. 182 tab. 8 fig. 3 et Pl) BR bengalensis MacCl. ibid. p. 182. Congrus tricuspidatus Richards. Ichth. Sulph. p. 105 tab. 51 fig. 2. Ichth. Ereb. Terr. p. 110. Conger hamo 'T. Schl. Faun. Jap. Poiss. p. 262 tab. 114 fig. 9 Hamo Japonens. Ho-Shen Chiuens. Ikan Putje kanipa Mal. Batav. Habit. Macassar, Batavia, in mari. Longitudo 16 speciminum 400” ad 830''/, Aanm. Deze soort komt te Batavia weinig minder dikwijls voor dan Conger talabon Cuv. (Bijdr. kenn. Muraen. Symbranch. _Ind. Arch. p. 18. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV), wordt door de Chi- nezen en inlanders niet van Conger talabon Cuv. onderschei- den en is even weinig gewild als voedingsmiddel. In de maag van eenige specimina vond ik nog volkomen goed herkenbare specimina van Poljnemus tetradactylus CV., Spratella tembang Blkr. en Engraulis Brownii CV., enkelen van meer dan 180'" lengte. Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Blkr. Muraen. corpore elongato compresso, altitudine 12 circiter in ejus lon- gitudine; capite acuto 7 circiter in longitudine corporis; altitudine capitis 12 circiter in ejus longitudine; linea rostro-dorsali fronte concava vertice convexa; oculis diametro 104 circiter in longitudine capitis; naribus an- ticis tubulatis, posticis non tubulatis; rostro convexo oculo minus duplo longiore, vix vel non ante maxillam inferiorem prominente; rictu post oculos producto 24 circiter in longitudine capitis; dentibus omnibus acu- tis, palatinis, nasalibus, inframaxillaribus vomerinisque uniseriatis; pala- tinis compressis anticis posticis longioribus, utroque latere p. m. 12; den- tibus disco nasali peripheria dentibus palatinis longioribus compressis p. m. 12, medio dentibus subulatis 3 postico ceteris longiore; dentibus vo- mere dentibus ceteris brevioribus 7 p. m.; dentibus inframaxillaribus com- 149 pressis antieis posticis longioribus utroque latere p. m. i9; apertura bran- chiali dimidio corporis inferiore sita oculo vix minore; cente laevi sqna- mis inconspicuis; linea laterali inconspicna; pinna dorsali ante aperturam branchialem incipiente, corpore duplo circiter humiliore; anali postice in quarta septima corporis parte incipiente corpore plus qnadrnplo humiliore; colore corpore pinnisque nigricante-fusco flavescente pulcherrime et te- nuissime marmorato. CERDO p. in. A. 220 p. m, C. 12 p. m. Habit. Macassar, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 560'''. Aanm. Deze soort gelijk in habitus en kleurteekening zoo volkomen op Muraena thyrsordea Richards. (Voij. Sulph. Fish. tab. A9 fig. 1), dat ik, zonder onderzoek van het tandenstelsel, haar voor daarmede identisch zou gehouden hebben. Een naauwkeurig onderzoek van mijn specimen doet mij echter ontwaren, dat de gehemelte- , onderkaaks- en ploegbeenstanden volstrekt eenreijig zijn, terwijl de heer Rrerarpson van Muraena thijrsoïdea op- geeft (Voij. Ereb Terr. Fish. p. 91), dat de tanden dezer been- deren op twee reijen zijn geplaatst. Zouden misschien zelfs de tandreijen in aantal kunnen verschillen bij voorwerpen van de- zelfde soort? Hoezeer ik zulks voor als nog niet kan aanne- men, komt het mij niet overbodig voor, de aandacht er op te vestigen. Van de meesten mijner soorten van Muraeno:den slechts één of een paar specimina bezittende, kan ik voorals nog hier- omtrent tot geene bepaalde uitkomst geraken. Hoe het zij, mijn specimen valt, wat tandenstelsel betreft, geheel in de groep van Muraena helena L, Muraena nubila Richards, Muraena scoliodon Blkr, Muraena reticulata Richards., Muraena ocellata Agass., Muraena punctata Bl Schn. enz. 780 BALISTINI. Balistes conspicillum Bl. Schn. Syst. posth. p. 474. Less. Voy. Coquill. Zool. lI p. 112 tab. 9 fig. 1. QG. Voy. Uranie. Cuv. Règn. anim. Richards. Ichth. Chin. Jap. Rep. 15^ Meet. Brit. Ass. p. 204. T. Schl. Faun. jap. Poiss. p. 290 tab. 129 fig. 1; Cant. Cat. Mal. Fish. p. 344. Balist. corpore oblongo compresso, altitudine 22 circiter in ejus longi- tudine, latitudine 3 in cjus altitudine; capite 84 circiter in longitudinc corporis, altiore quam longo; oculis diametro 6 circiter in longitudine ca- pitis; linea rostro-frontali declivi-rectiuscula; rostro oculo triplo ad qua- druplo longiore; sulco praeoculari oculo vix longiore; labiis valde car- nosie; dentibus utraque maxilla 8 anticis lateribus majoribus, lateralibus emarginatis; apertura branchiali ante basin superiorem pinnae pectoralis desinente; scutis lateribus 45 ad 50 p. m. in serie longitudinali usque ad aperturam branchialem; cauda parte angustata duplo fere altiore quam lata, spinis obtusis parvis 17 ad 23 in series 3 vel 4 longitudinales dis- positis; pinna dorsali spinosa spina 1l* rostro paulo breviore, quadrata, scabra, apice obtusa denticulata, membrana pinnam dorsalem radiosam non attingente; pinnis dorsali radiosa, pcctoralibus et anali obtusis rotunda- tis, dorsali et anali corpore plus quadruplo hunilioribus; piuna ventrali scutosa spina 1* tota scabra, spinulis sequcntibus non conspicuis; cau- dali convexa 7 circiter in longitudine corporis; corpore nigro, dorso aurantiaco-olivacco reticnlato, dimidio inferiore caudaque maculis aliquot magnis rotundis et polymorpbis dilute rubris; rubro ante pinnas pectora- les praevalente; rostro media altitudine fascia rubra ferri equini formam referente, circulo quadricolore labia, rostri apicem mentumque cingente, circulo anteriore coeruleo gracili labiali, 2° aurantiaeo lato labiali, 3° ni- gro et 4° rubro mento-rostralibus; pinnis dorsali 1* nigra, dorsali 2* a- nalique basi fascia flava, marginem versus rnbescentibus, rubescentem inter et flavum fascia grisea; pectoralibus viridibus basi vitta transversa duplice nigra et flava; caudali basi marginibusque nigra, medio rubra, nigro margine posteriore postice leviter flavo marginato. D. 3—2/23. P. 1/13. A. 1/21. 2 19, Synon. Sarasa visch Valent. Ind. Amb. III p. 391 fig. 142. Turin saratse Ren. Poiss. Mol. I tab. 15 fig. 88. 781 AMaanvisch on Poisson de la lune Ren. Poiss. Mol. II tab. 28 fip. 138. Balistes americanus Lacép. Poiss. I p. 375 tab. 16 fig. 2. Son- ner. Journ. Physique III p. 445. Baliste américain Lacép Poiss. I p. 375 tab. 16 fix. 2. Balistes bicolor Shaw Gen. Zool. V p. 407 tab. 168. Baliste du grand Océan Less. Voy. Coq. Zoöl. II p. 113 tab. S hp... Rhinacanthus conspicillum Swains. Nat. Mist. Fish. Lardn. Cy- clop. II p. 325. Jyomoniwo Japonens. Jischarek Insul. Carolin. Habit. Macassar, Solor, in mari. Longitudo speciminis descripti 330°”. Aanm. De bovenstaande beschrijving is genomen naar een vol- wassen specimen, bij hetwelk de kleuren nog zeer goed bewaard waren. Ik bezit nog twee andere beschadigde gedroogde spe- cimina van Solor. De heer Canror heeft de kleuren beschreven van den jeugdigen leeftijdstoestand. Monacanthus melanuropterus Blkr. Monac. corpore oblongo compresso, diametro dorso-anali 92 ad 22 in "ejus longitudine, latitudine 3 circiter. in, diametro dorso-auali; eapite a- cuto 32 cireiter in longitudine corporis, multo altiore quam longo; oeu-' lis diametro 4 fere in longitudine capitis; linea rostro-frontali concava; rostro acuto oculo triplo circiter longiore; dentibus maxilla superiore 8, maxilla inferiore 6, angularibns obtusis, ceteris acutis; apertura branchi- ali ante pinnam pectoralem desinente; squamis minimis vix conspicuis, spinulis minimis erectis scabris; cauda nec setosa nec spinis armata; spina dorsali supra oculi partem anteriorem inserta, rostro panlo longiore, acuta, postice et antice denticulata denticulis antice majoribus, membrana gracili spinula gracili suffulta; pinnis radio producto nnllo; dorsali radi- osa et anali obtusis, rotundatis, diametro dorso-anali plus quadruplo hn- milioribus, radiis omnibus simplicibus; pectoralibus obtusis convexis; ven- trali triangulari squamis majoribus valde scabra, spina 1° infra pinnam prominente postice ct apice valde dentata, radiis oceultis vel suboceultis; eaudali convexa 54 circiter in longitudine corporis; eolore corpore aureo- fusco; pinnis dorsali radiosa, anali et pectoralibus arrantiacis, caudali nigricante-fusca. 782 D. 2 — 33. IE IL: A. 30. e 12. Habit. Kema, Celebes septentrionalis, in mari. Longitudo speciminis unici 73%, Aanm. Deze Monacanthus behoort tot de groep van Mona- canthus choirocephalus Blkr, Monacanthus nemurus Blkr en Mo- nacanthus komuki Dlkr, van alle welke zij zich onderscheidt door meer voorwaartsche plaatsing van den ranken rugdoorn boven het voorste gedeelte van het oog, door het vooral achterwaarts zwakker getand zijn van dien doorn, door holler profiel, an- dere getallen der rugvinstralen, bruine kleur des ligchaams, zwarte ongebande staartvin enz. Scripsi Batavia Calendis Septembris et Octobris mpcccun.
<p>I've used TCP for many things over the years and understand it pretty well. I now have a requirement to use UDP.</p> <p>Short version: A server allows a small number of clients (5-10) to connect. The server is running a simulation. Clients should be able to update parameters for the simulation and see (a subset) of the simulation results.</p> <p>In this instance, timing (when the parameters change) is important and the delay between the client requesting a change and it being implemented must be as low as possible.</p> <p>I've been <a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/2614/Testing-TCP-and-UDP-socket-servers-using-C-and-NET" rel="nofollow noreferrer">doing</a> <a href="http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/92846ccb-fad3-469a-baf7-bb153ce2d82b/simple-udp-example-code?forum=netfxnetcom" rel="nofollow noreferrer">a</a> <a href="http://gafferongames.com/networking-for-game-programmers/virtual-connection-over-udp/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">lot</a> <a href="http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/~gorry/course/inet-pages/udp.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">of</a> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16652298/is-it-possible-to-send-large-udp-packets-by-setting-ip-header-to-enable-ip-fragm">reading</a> and I'm still not "getting it".</p> <p>Can someone please confirm/deny my understanding...</p> <ul> <li>A datagram is stored inside a single packet</li> <li>The largest payload I can reliably send is 506 bytes (576 MTU - 60 IP header - 8 UDP header)</li> <li>Sending more than that may cause fragmentation</li> <li>Fragmentation isn't handled at a lower level and would require me to recombine datagrams (Not sure about this - if it's handled automatically, why do I care about fragmentation?)</li> <li>I need to implement my own ACK/Throttling mechanism</li> </ul> <p>So... If I want to send (say) 800 bytes of data from the client to the server, I need to:</p> <ul> <li>Determine an arbitrary "Protocol" id to be used represented by a Byte(2) that is common between client and server and is used to filter out messages not meant for my app.</li> </ul> <h3>Client</h3> <ul> <li>Create a random message id</li> <li>Split the data into two, add the message id and a global sequence so they can be rejoined at the other end</li> <li>Record the data against the sequence id somewhere in memory</li> <li>Send them to the server</li> <li>If an Ack isn't received in a given timespan (Say RTT * 3), resend that packet.</li> </ul> <h3>Server</h3> <ul> <li>Inside simulation loop, check (non-blocking) if there is a message on the socket.</li> <li>If so, immediately send back a new packet containing an ACK for the sequence Id (actually, to mitigate Ack packet loss, I should Ack the last 30 or so received packets)</li> <li>Store the packet in memory until I've received the 2nd half</li> <li>Combine the two and process the payload</li> </ul> <p>For messages going in the other direction, I need to do exactly the same in reverse.</p> <p>I can't help feeling I'm missing something and don't quite understand the implications of a packet fragmenting. Can someone please clarify / point to a better resource?</p>
ತ ನ 4 ಸ 2 ಕ ' ್ಯಿ ಕ ಥ್‌ ಗೆ ಸ ಹ 1 -ಈೌ 4 ಮಾರ ಅರಫಾ ಮಮರ ಡೆ ನ ್ಫ್ಬ1್ಬ ಟ1(]ಗ/೫೦೯/ ಸ ಗಟ ತಾ, ಇವಿ ಇದಿ ಓಗಿ ೦ ೦ ೦ ಇವಿ ೧೬ ಓಗಿ ಸ್ಕಿ ಗ ಲ ೫ ಸಾಕಾಸಾಗಳನನಜಸಜುಜರ್‌ಬಾಜಾದಯಲೂಂಕ $ುರಾಸಾನಜುರ್ಗದಾಜಾ ಯಸ ದಬಣಟಯಾಯಿ ಹಾಸಾಶಾಶರಾಳಾರಾೋಳುಸಿ ಜುಲು ಸಅಾಳಾನಾಣಾಾಾರಂಚನಾಖಂಂಾಖಾಸಾವ ಸಾತಾಸಾಜಾಬಾಸಬಾಯುಸನತಂಯಬಾಯಜುಯರಾನ ಕ ಹ ಬ ಯ್ಪ್ಬಣ್ಣಹ್ತ 0% ರಹಾಲಾಜುಾನಾನಿಇಯಯೂರಹುಬದೀಯೂಜ ಸಾಳನನರಾನಣಾಗಾಹಾಜಾಜಿಸಜುಂದರಬರಯರು ಖಂ ರ ಾಜಾಸಾಾಳ- ಬಯಲ ಸಂಾಯೀರವಬ ಗ ೫ಜಆಳರಾಸಾರಾರಾಾನಯರ್‌ಜರಾಜುಯು ಟಸತಾರಾ-ಸಾಯುಜಸಾಬಾಲಾಂಮಸಿನಜುವಿಗಾಯು ಕ 1 ೫0985 -ರಾಾರ504 ಒ0ವಿಲಾಡತಕಯರ ಹಾಹಾಸಳನಕರ ಹರಅಲಳಸರಕರರಕ ಜಯಜಯ ತಾಊ೫್ಬಳಲರರಾಣರರಾಲಾಯ ಹಾಂಕಾ ಹಾ ಅಾನರಜುನಬಲಗಳಖಳಂಂದಬನರುುಂು ರ್ಯಾರಾರಾಮೂಾನಾರ್ಯ್ಯ್ಯ್‌್‌ ್‌ ಫಲ ಅತ್ಯ್ಯಹಸಿ ಯಾ ್ಕಹ್ಹ್ಮ್ಟ್ಟ್ಟ್‌್‌ ಒೌ ಗಾಗಾರ ಗ ರಾಶಕಾಾಘಾಸಾವಾಗ ಕಜ ಪಾಯ ಬು ವ ಸಾ ವ ಲ ..100,0. 100 ಸ ಡ್‌ ೧೫೩್ಛಶ) ಹಾರನ್‌. 1ರ ಚಾ ಆಜಾಳು ವಾ 7 ರ \| ಪಘಯಾಜವ್ನ್ನ್ನೂ ನ ಚಕ್ಕೆ ಗ್ಗ ಯ ತ್ನ ಕೈ ಸ \| 1 ಗ ೆ 11 ಫ್‌ . ೫೬ 1 ಜ್‌ (ಡಾ ಭೀ ತೆ ಗೌ ಗ್ಗ ಸ 1೩ ಶಾ ಸ ಯ್ರು ಓುು ಎಡ ಸದ ನಾತ ಸದ್ದೇ ೯ನೆಯ, \| ೦ರ ರ“್ಥ ಹದರ ಕಾಯರ ಜತನ ಸ ೦ರ ದು ನ್‌್‌ ಸ್ವ” ಮ್ಮ ೦5; ಗಇತಿಗಾಗವಾಯೂಟ 5 ಲ ಸಿ ಳ್ಳದನು ನಡು (ಸ 'ಅಾಪ್‌ಸಹೊಲ 1ಇಂರ್ಪದಲಿಕಹ್ಟಾಸ್‌ ವ್ಯ ರ್ಭದ್ಯ ನಷ “ಕ್‌ ಕಪ್ರಿಷಇರ3 ೦ ೮6. ಲ್‌ಂದ ಸುಭ ಬಂ 'ಸಿರಜ್‌ಪ್‌ೀರ್ಯಾ ನ ಅಲ್ಯಯಡಇ ಹ, ವಾ್‌ ನು ಕ್ಷಜಶ್ರೀಕ್ಯರಿಸುಾ್‌? ಸರಿತ್ತನಿಸಸದಲಇಸಿ- 48-ನುರಿಯ ದ ವ್ರ ಶ್ಲಿಿರಸವಸ ಚ್ಯಾ ಇ ರು ಇಲ್ಫ್‌ಿತ್ತ ಆವ ಅ ರ್ಷವ್‌ಪಾಜು ಕೂಗ ಇಂತ್‌ಹಥಿ ಸಲ್ಫರ್ಚರ್ಗತಿಸ ಕತಲ ಇಂದು ಉರವ ಪಾ ಇ 'ಇಸ್‌ದರನತಮರಿಐಳ ಬಸಿದ ಇಂಮಾವರ್ಕಾಣಣ್‌ೆ ೦೩52 “ಸಸರ ತೆೊಸಂಗಇವ' ಬತ ರಷ್ಟ 'ಗರಾಜನಇಸ್‌ನ ಎತ್ತಿ ಅನ್ಯದಿ ಆಸ್ಸಸರ್ಲಾ್ಸ್‌ ಜವಡ್ಗ್‌ ಅರಿಯ ಗ ಸಂಮುಯಜರುರಯ ಒರು ಕ್ತಯ್ಯ- ರಾಮಸ್ಯ /ಲಹಸಆಷ್‌ಕರಾತೆ ಧ್ನ ಇತರ ಸರಾಕಾಇರಾವದಿರರಹಯಾಡಿ, ಸಿವಿಾಕ್ಯರಡಾಸಾಗ್ಯ್ಳಿ ಲಾ ಹಾ ಬಜ ಯ ಚ ಬಂಡ ಉಡ ಡಾಸ್‌ ೧೨೮೯೫೬ ಎಮಿ ರಾರಾರಷಷೊೊತ್ತಿ ಕ ಲಷ ಜಾತ್ರ ಓಿಮರಸತರನಷ್‌ ಸ್‌ಸರಾೀರೌ ಇಯು ಆ ತ ರಾದ ಸಾತಿ ನ್‌್‌ ಷ್‌ ಬ ರ್ನಿಹಲ್ಲ& ಇಐಎ ಇ-ಸರವ ಸೆಪ್‌ನಂರ್‌ಯಣ್ರಂಕ್ಟೋಲಾಾ ಬ ಸಾ ಡಚಾ ೮ ಸಜನ ಇಾಸರ್ಮವ್‌ಯ್‌ ಶಿ ತಳ್ಳರಾಸ ಸು]: ವೆ ಉನನತ ರಾಸ ಗಾಸಿರ್ಹಾಧಿ-ತಹಿ ಲಷ ಇಾಸ-ಸಿಇರಾಷತತ್ತ ನ್ಯ ಶ್ಟ್ರರಳಾ ಅಸಾರ್‌ ಇದಕಳ ವ ಸಿ ಉಪಡಿಸ ಶಿಷ್ಟ ಹ್ಯೂ ಘು ಎಡ ನರವಡ, ಅರ್ಲ್‌ ಬಸಿ ಮ್ರ ಇ್ಪಾನದೂಾತರ-ಷ್ಟೆಳಾರ್ಪವಸರಾಹಹತ್ತೆ ಆ 2 ನಸ “ಇಷ್ಟೇ ಇವ ಆತ್ರಸ್‌ಸ್‌ಇದ್ದಿಕತ-ವರಸ್‌ನಷಟ ಚ ಇಳಷರಿಸಾ 7 ಉಷ್ಟೂ ಆಸ್‌ ಆ ್ಯ್ಫ್ರ ನ್ಯಾಸಃ ಗಚವಜಾವ- ರಣ್‌ ತ್ರಾ ಕ ಎ ವೃತ ರಾಯ ಟ್ರಾಲ್‌ ಇ” ತಡಿ ಹೊಟೆ ಸತ ನಾತು ಷ್‌ ಸುಣ್ಣ ಸಾ ಇಗ ಕ 33ರವ್‌ಸ ೪ ಜಾ ಎ ಇಸದ್ದ ಇಷ್ಟರ ತ ಗ ಡಿ ಜಸ್‌ ಸೊರ “5 ಸ್ರಿ ಇ ಇ ಡಾ ಇಳದ ಇಸ್‌ ಸಜ ಧು ನಲಾರಯಾಾ್‌ಷಗೆ ಸಲಿ ಸಾಕ್‌ ಹು ಎನ ಧಾರಾವ್ನ ಆ ಬ ಇಸ್ಟ ಬ ಜ। ಓಕ ಇನ್‌ ಲ್ಮ್‌್‌ ಕೊ ಸ್ಯರಜ್ಬರಾ: ಉುಸಗಿಸತಾವನಿಇ ಎತರ ಲ್ರಷರಯ ರಾ ಜ್ಯ ಗ ಎ ಪರಸತಿ ಜು. ಫ್ರಿ ಸಾಟ್‌ ಸತ್ತರು ಇ ಶ್ಯ ಇರಾ ಇಸಾ ಇ ಅ ಷ್ಟಿ ತೆ ಹು ನನ ತ್ತ: ಇರಲ ರಿಸಿ ಇಂ ಮೀಲತಸಇರ್ಜದ್ದಾರಾ ಡಾ ಕಾ ಇಚ ಸರ್‌ ಆ ಅಷ್ಟ ನಡ ಭರಷ್ಟದ ನಿ ರಹಾ ಸಾ ಲ ಆವತ ವ್‌ 1 ಅಶ್ಯಾ-ಪು ಸ್ಟ ವ್ರ” ತಪ ರಂತ ಸಗರನ ಈ ಬಾಚರರನನಗಾರಾಸೀರಾಷ್ಟ್ಗೆ ಕಾಸಾ ಸರದರ ಗ ಆಸಾ ಎಲಕ್ರಡ ಹೊಂದು ಬಡಿ“ ಚಾತಕ ಬು ಬ ಎಚ ್ವ ಇ (ಶ್ತ ಎನಾ ಳ್ಳ ಬರಹ ಜಟ ಪ್ರೆಲು ಆಜಹ್ಯೂರ್ಯಾಗೆ ರತಿ ಇಇರಾಕೊ ನರ್ಸ್‌ ಮು ಶುಜಾನ \| ಇಇಓಫ್ಟೀಸ ೨ಜುರವರರ್ಶಾಾರಾವರಾ ಇಇ ಾಲಾಇವ ತವ ವಾರಾಲ ಇ ಶಯ ಹಿಂ ಮ್‌ ಲ್ಲಿ ಇನ ತ ಇಡ್‌-ಹಳರ್ಕ್ರಷ್ನ ತತ ನಜರಾಜೆ ಸರಸ ಹು ಜ್‌ ಇನಸಣ್ಣ] ಮಾಡ, . ಇಡಿ ಐರ್ನೋೊಾಸ ಆದರೆ ಕಹ ವಡ ಇಸು ಸರಧ್ದ ಗರ್ವಾರ್ಥಃ ಹ ಲಎೀಶಷುೂ ಜಸ್‌ ಆತರಾಸೂದವು? ಜೃ ದಹ ತ (ಸಿ ತಿಎರಾಹೂಇು ೀು-ದಹುತ2 ತನ 2 ಸದಿ ಬ ಜಸರಾತ ಹರ್ಷ, ಇ್‌ಸರರ್ಶೊ್ಗೆ ಒಮ ೫: ಇ-ಮ ಆಸಸಿಇ ಛ್‌ ಆ ಸ್ರಿ ಆ ರ ಸ ಎ ಊಉ ದು ಗಯರಾತ ತತ್ಕಾಾನ್ಯ ಜ್‌ ಉ್ಥ ಯು ರವಿ ೩. ಇಇ ಮುಖಿ ಕಾರಿನ ಸ್ಕಿ ವರ್ಗ ಜ್‌ ಲಾಸ '್‌ ಆರ್ಯೆಸಸಇರರಸ್ಟ್ಯಾಸ್ಸ್‌! ಮಾ ಇರಷಾಂ್‌ರಿನ ಆಸ್‌ಹೂಷ ಗಾಃ ದಷ್ಟ “ಜಸ ಳ್ಳಗ ಇ ಜ್ನ ದ್‌ ಸ ಬು ಇಸ್ಟ \| ಹಾ ಹರಯ ಷಾ ಡಾ ಸ ಸ ( ಕಾರಣ್‌ ಆವ \| ಮ್‌ರ್ರ ಚ ಇಸುಸಿಷ್ಯ್‌ಧಸಿರ್‌ರಹು ಜಸು ಸ” ೩ ಗ್‌ಕ್ರಜಿಯ। ನ ರವೇ ಆಜ್‌ಫೆರ್ಜಾ ಸು ಜ್ಯ ವ್ಸ ಯೇ ಇವ್ರ ಜ್ರ ಚ ನ್‌ ದ್ಯಸ್ಸಣನ ಬಾಕ ಇರಾರಸಿತಾ ಜ್‌ ಬ ಸ ಡಾ ಆ ನಕಾರ ಷ4್‌ಆ್‌ಡ್‌ಎಗಿಕ್‌್‌ ರಾಸ ರರಾ್‌ಷೂ ಮು) ಛಿ ಆರ್ಯ್‌ಟಿ ಸಕಜ್ಜಾರ್‌ ಸ ಸುವ ಗಿರ್ಮಷ ಸಮಜ ದ್ದು ದ್ದು 4 ಪ್ರ್ಟಗಾಳ್ತು ಇತ ಗಾನ ಆಪ ಯು ಕ \| ರ ಸಂ ಹು ಬ-ಸ್ರಕಾದನೌವಡು; ಸ್ಟ ತಾರ ಜ ॥ 22 ಸಮೇತ ಮಾ ಇಲದ ಇ” ಸೂರ ಟೆ ಇಡ ಓಾಂರೇೊಸಡರತೆ ರ್ಹ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ಷ್ಠ ಬ ಶು ಹು ಎಜು ಸಜ ಸತಿ ವಷರ ರ್‌ವೊ ಇರ್‌ ಸರಾ ಟ್ಛ ಇಷ ಹರಿಯ ಕ ಎ ಕರ ್ಲಇರ್ಟಸ್‌ನನಿ ರ್ಗ ನ್‌್‌ ಜೀಕ್‌ ನ ಸರ್ಪದ: ಈಷ್ಯತಿ ಸನಿ ಕ್ರ ಇನ ಹಾ 8 (ನತ್ಯ ದ್‌ಷ್‌ರ್‌ಷಂ' ಷೆ ದಜರ್ಯಾಸರ- ಹ ಆಪ" ೪ ತ ನು ಆ ಇತ್‌ "ಇ ಹಾ ಸ್ಥಾ ಇದ್ದ ಮುಂ ಇ ಇಷಾ, ರಾಷ್‌” ಷು ಲು ರಗಡಿತೆ 2ರ ಶಾ ಆ ಊ್ಫ್ಠಊ ಬಾಸ ನ ನರರಾಾದದ ದಡಿ ಇಮಾ ಸೇ ಜಾಯ ಗ ಸಿ ಸರರಾರತಾರಾವಗಿರರವ 9ನ ರಾ 1 ಬರಹ ಸ -ರ್ಷವರಾರಗರ್ಯವಗಿ ಳು ದಡಿಯ ಇವ್ಯಜು ಪಿ ಜು ವದಡದಿ ಆದಾರ ಇಸಾರಾಾರಯಾಿ ಒದು ದಿವ” ವಾರಾ ದ್‌ ಕ ೬ ಮಾ 'ನರುಷಂಟ ಸತು: ರ” ಭಜ ಚಟ] “ಜತ್ತ ತ್ತಿ ಇಂರಾಸ್‌ಡ ಕಾರಿತು ಆಕಾಲ” ಶ್ರಿತೂವ್ಯು ಜ್‌ ಆಡ್ಯ್ಯಾ-ರರ್ಕಸತಷನೆತಾ ಇತು ರದರಜುಿಸದು ಆವು ಸ ಸುದ ಇರ ಪೂ ಷ್ಟು ಜಃ ಧ್‌ ರ್ಜಪ(ಹಿ; ಜು ತ್ರಿಕ ಳ್‌ ಎಂಡು ಬ ರಮ್ಮರಕ್‌ಹೇವ್‌ ಜಾ ನ್‌್‌ ಷ್‌ ಇರ ಇರದೆ! ಇಮ್‌ ಬಜ್‌ ಾ ಸ-ನರ್ಟಕಳಡಿಜಾಸ್‌ ಪರಸರ ಡರು ತ್‌ ಗಳ ತೋ ತಾ ಪಾಷ್ಯಃ ಬಡ್‌ ಚರಾಕ್‌ ಆ ಛ/ಆರ್ಷಷೂಿ: ವರತ ಇತ ಎರ್ನಾಹರ4 ನ .ಾರ್ಕಾಮು ಇರಿಸು ಜು ಆಂ ಜು ನ್‌ \| -ಇಂಸ್‌ ವಿಯಾಸಿರ್ಯತ ಹ ತ್ಯಜ ಇ] -ಜಿಣಾಲ ಆ ಬಾಳಾ ಎರು ಧರಾಾಜಂನದಇು ಬ ಇಹುನಯೇನ "ಧ್‌ ನರನ ಹಾ ಇಡು ಇಷ್ಟ ರ್ಷಾರ-ವ್‌ಡ್‌ ಹ ಐಿರಾ” ಪೂಸೂರಾಸ ಆ ಕೇರಂ ಕಣಯ್ಯ ಪರಬರ್ಣರಣವೆ ಇರಿ ಇಕ್‌ಷ್ಟ ಎಂಾ್ಣ್ಯವ್‌ “ಷೂ ಬ್ಬ ಇರ್ಫಿಾ ಇಸ್‌ ಸ ನತು ಜರಾ ಇನ ಇತ ರೋಡ ತಾ -ಷ್‌ಷು್‌ದ ರ್ಜ ಟ್‌ ಎ ರಾ ಎಜು ಬ ಎ ದು ಕೆ ಯದ ದಪ ಇನಷಿಧಿಷರ್ಷಾಣ್‌” ಚಿ ಡೆ ಸು ಇ ಜ್ರ ರಾ ದ. ದು ಚ ಸಾವರ್‌ ಅ ದಿ ಕ್ಲ , ಬ ಬ್‌ “ ಇ ದಡ ರ್ವಾರಾಾಾ ಯ್‌) ನಾನ ಗಾ 1 ಹಬಬ 2 ಇವಾ ಮಸ ಇರದೇ ಇಡಾ ಸಜ ಅಲ್ಲಾ 01ಐ ನ \| 5 ೧೨ ಕಾಬಾರುಸದಗಾಗ ಸ ಕುರ್ವಸಒಆರಹಗ್ಳ-ಡರ್ಗ್ಯರಾ ಇರಕ್‌ವ್‌ಕೆೊಳಳರರಾಹತ ಸ-ಗರರ್ರಾರ್ಡಾ್ಗ ರ-ಸ್‌ಈಇನ್ನ ದ ಕ “ರ್‌ನೇಲ್ರಇನೆಲ್ಬ! 1; ನ ಕರನ ಇಲವಾಲ ಪೆ ಳ್ಳ ದ್ದು ನಲಜಳ್ಳ್ಳ, ಇ ಆ 56” 4 ಜ್ವಳ ಇದ್‌ ಭಾ 'ಧ್ಸಿರರವ್‌ಎ“ನೇಲ್ಲಸ- ಪರಾ ಸಲದರ”ಇರಿಡಾವು ಜ.1 ಈಷ್ಟರಾರ್ಗವೂಾಸ ಇ-ಷತ ಳಾ ಔಷ್ಯೆಗ್‌ ಪಾವೈ ಎ ಒಡಗಎಾ ಭ್‌ ನಹಿಇಂಯು ಳ್ಳ ಇ ಮಾರಾಲಾತು ಇಾಗ್ನಷಾಾ ಚ್‌ ಸೂರ್ಯನಲ್ಲಿ) 55ಎ ಹಾಗಾ 4ಎ ಲ೦ರಾದ ಆದೆ ಸ ಇ ತ 8 ರಗದ ದವನ ಇಜ್‌ಸ್‌ಹಇ6ಯ್ದ್‌್‌ ಎ ಊ್ಫ್ಬಉಂೊ6 ಯು ಬಹ ಸ್ಥ ಐರಿಷ್‌ ಹ್ಯಾ ಸೇಪರ್ಡೆ ಸಕಾಷರ 1 ಬಾಜು ಇಮೂಸ್ಯರವದಗಾರಾನನ: ಆಸರ ಆ` “ರ್ಕಷಳ್ಳಆ ಆವಹ ರಾಷ-ಸತಾ ಪರೆ ಇರ್‌ \| ಇರಾ "ಅವರರ ಅರ್ಲಿ ಸ ಷ್ತತರವಗರಿ ಆಷ್ಟ ' 095 ಆಸ್ಲೆ ಬಲ ಗಿ ಜ್‌ ಳ್ಳ ಆಡು ಜಾ ಲಲ್‌ ಹ ಬ ಎರಡು ಇದ್‌ ಸ್ರ ಸಾತ್‌ ಸು ನ ಎರ್ಮಳ್ಳ ಆಾಸರಚಳಲಾಳಿತ ಇದ್ಯ ಮರರ್‌: ಕ್ಯ ಕತ ನರು ಇಥ್ಟ್‌ಸನಿ, ಬಸಾಯ್‌ಕಕಾರದ ಆರ್ಲಾವಇ ಟಾ ಹೀ "ಸದು ನ ಕ್‌ ಇತ್‌ ತ್ತ 5 ಯ ರ್ಕ ಪ್‌ ಬ ರಾರಾದಇ ಸಾ ಬಜಾ ರಾ ಬ್ಯಾ ೩ ಬ ಲಅ್ಪ 0 ವ ದಾ ದ ರರಾಜ ಹಾ, ಸ್ರಾವ ದಾ ಇ ತ್‌ ತ ವೈೆಜ್ಣಯಿ ಇಂ” ಫ್ಹಿ ಕ್ರ ಎಮ್ಯೋರ್‌ಕ ಟು ಇಗ ರುರರರರತ ಉಂ ಇಟ್ಟಾಗ “ಸರತ ನರಮ್ಮಶ್ಯಿನಾರಸಾತ ಆಟಾ “ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಎ ಪಯ \|, ಕತ್ತ ಸುಮಿ ರು ಜಾವ ರು ಕೆ ಡಿತ್ಯಷ್ರ ಕನಹ ಸಲ "ಹರ ರಂ ಬೀ ಇ್ಥ ಸರ ತ ಕ ದತ ಛು” ಜಲ್‌ ಬ್‌ “ವಡಾ ಜಾ ದಾ ಇಡಿ “4 “ಗರಡ್‌ರನು, ಅ ಏಡ್ಕಾನ ಇರ ದಾ 2 ತ ರರಸು ಸ್ಯಾ ಜ್ರ 1 ೨ 0 ಛಲ್ಲಿವಸೀಜು ಆಡ ಗಾ ಸೀದ ರ್‌ ತಷ್ರಂಸಂಗನಡ “ಷ್ರರರಾರರರ ಹ ವಸ ಭಷ ದ್ದಾಲ್ಬು ಇ್ಯರಾಾರಾಗ ಷಿ ಇರು ಇವಿ-ಹ೫ಜಾಸ ಇದಲ“ ಆರಿದ ರಿ. ಇವು ಸ್ರ ತಾ ಹಾ ಖು ಷರಾಮಾಣು ರಷ ಸ ತೆ ) ಶರನ ತತ ಎ ಂಊಉ ರರಾರರಾಮಾರಾರ್ಕತ ತಾರಾ ಬಂ ಇಕಪೀಲಾಸ್ರ. ಆರರಲ್ಲಿ ತಾರ \| ಲ ಇ. ಇ ತ್ರ ಆಹವ ರಜಾ ಬೃ ತಇಆ15-5ನ-ಷ್ಟರಿಇದ ಇಹ ಇದು ೧ರ ನ ದಾ ಬ ಎ ಓ ಫೆ ( ತೆ ಜಾರ್ಟಕಾಡಿವು ಸಾ ಹಾಗಾ ೫ಯರ್ಯಾಣಾ್ಗ ಸ ಶ್‌ ತ ರ್‌ ಆ 2 “ಲತ ಾವರಗಹಾರ: ಗ ಜಂ ತ್ಟಾನಾಇಷ್ಟೈ ದಾಲ ಗಾ 22 2 ಎರ್ಚ್ಟ ರರಾಾರಾಸರಾ್‌್‌ ಕು ಹಪ ಹ್‌ ವಾ ಬ ಹ ನಷ್ಟ ಷ್ಠ ಗ್‌ ಜುಂ ಸರುಷ' ಮಾರ೯ರ್ಪವುಾ ಜಳ ' ಇ ಮವಲ ಇಲ್ಲೀ ಪ್ರಡಿಭುಸಾಸಗ್‌ ತ್ರಾ ಬ ಇತ್‌ಇಷುಸಿ ರು ಉಡು ರಮನ ಜಾ ಬ ಅಕ್ಷ ಶ್ಲ ತಿತಾ7ತಹಳ್ಳ್ತ ಆ ಆಯ್‌ ಹಿಬ್ರಿಸಷ್ಟಾಇಸಾ ಲ” ಜರ್‌ ಕಷ ಲಡನೀಕ್ಷಷಾರೀ ಸ ದ್ವ ಸುರಾ "ಜಾ ಮಾಾ” ನ್ಯಾಸ 2 9೪: ಕಾಲರಾ 7ಪ್ಸ್‌ಳ್ಳ, ; ಇಲ ವಾ [ಹರ್ಷ್ಲಿಡ ದ ಡರ್ಟ್‌ ಗ ಪ್ರತ ಪ್ರದ ಜಾರ” ವ್ರ ನಸು ರಾಳ ತಾ ವ್ಲಿಕ್ಷೊಪನೌವಸರ್ಜವಿಸ ಆರದ ನಷ ತ ಮ್‌ ಎ ಡ್‌್‌ ತ್‌ ಕ5-ರ್ಷಇ ವ್ಸ ಜರಾಂ [ಸಮ್ಯ ಜ್‌ ಚ ಇಕ್‌ ಕು ರಾ ಹ ಮಯ ಇಷ್ಟ ತ್ಯ ಾಹಿಯೊ್ಬಡ್ತಿ ನ್ಗ ರು ಆ ಲ ಫಹ ರ 'ಜ್ಯಶ್ಚಾಾರ-ಹು ಎ ಳೆ ಲರ್‌ ನಾಗರಗಾಯಇಲಸರಾನ್ವಗರಾ ಲ ನ್ಯಾಸರನ್‌ ರಾ; ಸ ಇವು 2-ದಖಂದಿದ್ರಿ- ಕಸು ಇಲ ವು ಇ ಾಮೂರಾದಕರಿಸೆ ಸ್‌ ಲ್ಯಾ ಹ ಎ ಊ ್ಫಉ್ಪ ಘಃ ಸ್ತ ಜ್‌ ್‌ ಮು ಲಭ್ಯ ಹಾ ನರಸ್ಯ ನ ಎ ಪೂ ೋ್ಬ ಸಗ ಎದ ಬಿ ಳು (ಭಷಯ ಟೀ ಹತ್ತಿ ವಲಾ” ಇತ ಜ್ಞ ತ್ರಸಷ್ಟ್‌ಭ- ವಾ್‌ ಕಾ ತತ್ತಿಗುರು ಒತಿಸೇರುಡ್‌ಡ್ಕ "ಹಣಿ ಹೇಸ ಗೀ ರಸಸ್ಯಾಹೊೊತು ಲ ರ್ಕಗರಲಾಸರ ಹ ಮಾ ನತ್ತ ತಾಸು ಜದಶ್ಲಿಮಭಕಂಡ ೫ ದ್‌. ಲ್ಸ ಎರಸ್‌್ತ್ರೆಷ್ನಣನೊ ರೂರ ವರಾನ ಶಾವಲರತ್ತ ಸ್ವ್ಫುಣಸಳ್ಳು]] ಇತ್ತಿತಾ. ರಾ ಸ ಬತ್ತ ಇ ಯಿಲ್ಲ ವಯೋ ಹ ಇತ್‌ಹೊಸಸಪಸಟ್ಟಾವಿತಾರರೂರ್‌ ಸ ಎಸಪಡನತ್‌ ಮುಂಡ ಇಮ್‌ ಆರು ಖು ಆಡ್‌ ನಡ್ಯಪ್‌ಸರ್ನಾಸತ್ಸರಾರಯನ ಕಸ ಪ್ರೌರರ್‌ಸರಾಲ ಇ ರಡ ತು ಪ್ರಾ ಆಸರಇಂದ್ಟೇ “ಎಸಿ ತ ಈಸ5ಷರಾರ್ಯಮಡುರಾಡರಾಸ್‌ಾಾಲಗೆ ಫ್ರಿಂಡು ನಾಯ್‌ ತೇಷು ಸ್ಯ ಐರರು ಆಸ್‌ ಜ್ಯಪಷ್‌ ಸರನಿಇರಸ್‌ಷೂ. ದು ಚ! ತೆ ಸಾ ಯಾಂ ಚ ಇವರದು ಸರು ಭಾಸಡಳಿರಾಗಕುಗಷೊ ಜಾಯ್‌. ಹಲ್ಲ ಲಸಸಿಇಂಸೊತ್ಳಗ ರು 2 2 ಸ್ತ ತಗ ರವರೇಲಿತಿ ಸು ನಾತ್‌ ಇರಲು ಸಾರ, ಆನರತರ ವದಿಗಾಇದರವ್‌ರಕರಿ ಹಾ ತ ಸೇ) ಟ್ರ ಶ್ಯ್ಯಾಡೆವಸಸಳ ಎ ಇರರು ಪುರಾ ಜಾ ಟು ಜು ಜಾಜಿ ಹು ಸು] ಇಷಾ ತನೆ ಡೆ ;ರಾಸರಪ್‌ವ) ಎ ಸರ ಬ ಮ್‌ ನೆ ರ್ಕ್ಯ್ಯದ್‌ ಪಕ್ಕಾಸಿಗೆ ಆರರ್ಯ5ರರ- ಇ ಶ್ರೀಹರಿ ರ್‌ಹಲ್ಲಿ ಜಷ್ಟೋಣತೌಂಯಇ ದಾಸಿ ಇ ಸಾಕಾ ಕರಾ; 75ಸರಾನಸಸಾ ರಾರ್‌ಾಸ ಸೂಪಾ. ತ ಗಳಿದಳ್ಳ ಆ ಸ್ಯಾ ಜ್‌ “ಫ್‌! ನ ಏನಾ ಸ್ಥ್‌ಷ್ಠದಾಸರುವನಿ ಇಲನೆೊಸ್ಸ್‌ಿ: “ನಕಕ ಇತ್‌ನ್ನ್‌ ಪ್ರಿರ್ಣಾಾ ವಸು ್ಪೈಷ್ಟೀನ್‌ಸ್ಲಕೂರದ ಇರತಹ ಆಪು ಶ್ಕ್ರರ್ಗಸಗೆ ಜಾರ್ಯಾಾನೊ ಜಾ ಆಡ್‌ ರ್ಯಾಣ್ತಾಳ್‌ ಘೋ ಆಹಾವಿಷ್ಟಿ ಒನೋಮುಲಾ ಇತತ ಸಿರಷರಾ ಇಡಾ” ಮಾಲಾಳ ತರಾರಾರ್‌ವಪ್ರೂೋ ಜ್‌ ಮಿ ಆಾಜಿವ-ೂ ರಾಸ ಪ. ನರ್ಮದ -ವರ್ಜಸಿನಗ ಆಾಳಾಡಿರ್ಗಿದಾ ಇರೂದು ಅರ ರಾವಾ ಆನ್‌ ಕ ಜಾ ಇಸ ಆಯ್‌ಹರ ಯ ಇತ್‌ಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಸಾಲುಗಳ ಇಸಫ್‌ಕುಕ್ಗರ ಮೇಣ] ರರಾಷರಾಎರರಾಡ್‌ ಇಂ ಚ್‌ ಇಲೇಲಾಸಷ್‌ರಹುಣ್ಣ ಇ ನಂ ಬಳಸಲೂ ವನಹ್‌ರ ರಾ ದ್‌ನರ್ಪವ್‌್‌ಸರ್‌ಷ' ಕರಕ ತರೆ ರ್‌ ಬ ಮೋಲೆ ಆಪ ಧಡ ಐಲ್ಲು ಚಾ ಅ೬-ಹ್‌ಡ್ಗಳೆ ನ್‌ ತ ಬು ಆಹ್‌ ಹೆಗ್ಯರಯಸೂಸರ್ಕ್ಗ 8 ಸಿಕಾರ್‌ ಜು ಸತುವು ಹ ಸೆಸ್‌ ಅಣ ಶಿಷ್‌ಸಿ- ಅಸ್ರಾ ್ರಷಕ್ಕಇನ್ನ್‌ ಆಡಿ ಇಸಾ ಆಯಿ ಇದ್‌ಮುತಿಸ ರರ ಬ 0 ತೆ ಹಾ ಸ ಇಸು ಜ್‌ ನ ರಸಕ ಕಾರಾರ್‌ ಲಾ ಡಫ ಲಿಂ ಜ\| 4 ಪಾರಾದ - ವಾ ಇ” ಆ ಕನ್‌ ಡಾ ಷ್ಟಾ ರಾರ ಸಾವನ ಹ ಜ್‌ ಇರಸಾರಾರಾರ್ಸ್ವನ ಜಾ ಜುಂ ಸಕಾ ಸಾರಾಸರಾರಾಸಾಗೌಾಾರಾರಾರಸಸರ್ಥರರರ್ಸರ್ಸ್‌ಹ್ಯಟ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ರ್ಸ್‌ ಸಸ್‌ಟಫಧಸಹಕಶಶ್ಶಶ್ಶಜ್ಯ್‌ ಸಟ ಶಾಹರಾಾಾಾಾ ಸ ಯು ರ್ಟ ಇ ನಾಸ್‌ ಯುವ ಸ್ನ ಸ್ರ ಜು ವ ಯ 12 ಇವವ ಪತಾ ವಹಾರ ಮು ಯ ಜಾಖಿಮಂಟಸು್ಲ ಮ ಪಜಜೇ.ೂಜಖಖೌಖನಾಜಾಜಹಫಾಣಾ ಎಎ ಹ ನ ಸ ಸ ದ ಎ ಸಸ \| ಯ. ಕ \| ತ ಗೆ \| ಹಾರು ಜಾ ನೀತ ಧ್ರ ಕ ಜಾತಾ ಯ ಬು ಷ್ಟ ಹತಾ ರವರ ಮಿಜಗ ಜರಿವದರರಾನೂ ಇದ್ದ ಆಯ ದ್‌ ಆಕಾಡಾತಿ ಜಾ ಆಾಳತ್‌ಹಾಳ್ಳಿ 1 ಆಡ್‌ ಹನನ “ಸಾರಂ ಸ್ರಾವ ಮರಾರಿ ಫಾ. ನಿ ಭತಿತಿಷಿಷ್ಟು ಇ ಸಿಧು ಹಾ ಎಕಾ ವಇತಾಇರಾಗ್ಗ ಯ ಜಸ್ಟ ಇ ಸು ಯ್ಯ ಸ ೫ ಸ್‌ ಪ್ರಕ ಪ್ಟಾ. ಇರಸವಂಡು ರಾ ಕಸರ್ಯಾ ಣ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಇ ಕ್‌ ಸಿ ಷ್‌ ರನ್‌ ಇಂ ರರಾಜ ಬಾ ಲ್ಲ “೬ ಬರ್ಗಳ್ರ ಓರ ಇರ್‌ಸ್‌ರಷ್ಯ ಇಸಿ ಇದೆ ನೇಾಲರಾಡ್‌ ಷಾತ. ; \| ಅಕಸ್ರಸಸ್ಸಹ ಆಷ್ಮೀಜಾರಗಗಂಯಇಸರಾಹಘ್ಲ ಸಬು ರ ಸಜ ತರು ನ ಇ 3 ಠಾವ ಅರೋಸಾತಿರರ್ವಾಂ* ಸತನೆನಸಇಓಂಸ್ವಿಗಿಸಿ ಇಸ್‌ರ್ಧಷಣ್ಯ ಧಾರಾ ಸರತ ಭಾಳ ಅರಣ; ಕಾಳ್ಯಾ ಕಾವ ಸಲ ಇಡ ಸಕಲಾ, ಇ ಜ್‌ ತಾ ಇಂಸಸಿಧ್ಯಸಡಿದ ವಾರಾ ಬುರಿಸರಾಹರಾವ್‌ನ ಆಡು ಆಡೂರ, ತ ತ ಯಯಾ ಜಾ ಇ ಊೂ್ಠ ಸಾಾಸ್ಯದರ್ತಿಡ್‌ನ್‌, ಲಕ ಸಾ ಹ ಇತರ ಜಹಾರ! ರಾರ-ಷರರಾಗಇದ ನಿಜ ಆಲ ಗಾ; ಇರ್ಪಭಷದಿಷ್ಟ' ಷೂ ಇಂಸಾಹುಇಾಸ್ಸ ವು ಆಜಾ ಉಬಿ ಇಹ್ಟಾದ, ರ್ಪಾಹ್‌ಹರ್ಣೀದರಂಗಾರರವ ರಾಗದ ವ ಬಮ ಸಹಭೂಿತೆ ಸ್ಕಿ ಬಾಜ ಸು ಪ್ರೀಯ ಸಾತ! ತು ಛಿ ಬ ಸಿ ಜಾಸು ಲ ತ -ಜಷ್ಟಣಾಳಡಿ್ದಾನಿಸನಾಾ ಇರಾ ಜಿರ್‌ ಇರಕ್ಟಇ್ಗ ಜು ನವಾನಿ ರಾಸ್‌ ಹ್‌ ತ ರವ ಅಸ್ಸ ಅತಾಷಿಮಿಂಯಶ್ಷಾರವವಕೇಲ್ಲ ಇಸ ಜಜ್‌ದನ ಬರ್‌ ಾಾ ಇಸ ವರಯಿಪ್ಯಾ ಸುರಾ. ಇರಾ ಆಣ್ಯತ್‌ನೇಂಯಿಅನಸೆ ಇರ್‌ ಪಚರಸಾಧೀಲ ಸತ ಕರಾಳ ಬ ಗುರ ಕ್ವ ತ 5 ರಿಷ" ಸೂಟಳ್ಳಿರಾಗ ಆವ್‌ರ್ವಾಾಷಾ್‌ಾ' ಆರಾ ಇಂಕ್‌ . ಇ ಹೆ ಇಂತಿ ನರರ್ಥಿಷ ಇಾಸ್‌ಕ್ಷರ್ಟದ! ಇ ಎತ ಆೌರ್ಟ್ಯೂಣ್‌ಿಃ ಷಾ ಜನ ಎರೆದು ಇೌಶ್ಷಪರ್ಥ ನರ್‌ ಎಂಗ ನಾಹಾಗಳದ್ದಾಇಲರದದಿ ಬಂ ಯ್‌ ಣ್‌ ಗ ಬು ಪ ಯ ಸ್ಳಃ ಬಾಬಾ ಬರಸದ ಸಭಾಾರದ್‌ರಿರ್ಜ ಳ್ಶ ಡಿ \| ಆ “ಡ್‌ನ ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಜಿರರ್ಮಾಸರಾನರಹ್‌ ಕರರಷಲಾ ನಾಣಾಗಿಸೌ ಸಮ್ಡಿರ್ಟ್ಸನೆ, ಯಸ ಆರ್ನಂಗ್ರ ಕ್ಮ ಮೀಲ ಹ ಔರ್ಕವರಸಾರ್ಜಾಂತ್‌ಸಾ% ಯಂ ಇದರ ಷ್ಟ ತ ಹ ಇಸಾ ಯ್ಯಾ. ಷಾ ಜತ ಫ್ಯಾ ಕಗಕಾಳ್ಯ “ಎರಕ ಕಾಡ್‌ ಗ್‌ ದರೆ ಜಂಬು ಜರ ರ್‌ ಇನಿಇಇಂಸ್ರುತ್ತ ಹ ಇದ್ಯಾ೧ರಾಗಾ ಜಾರಿದ ವೈರ ಭಾರ್ಜಾರ್ಯಾ ್ರತ್ತನ ಆ ಅಜ ್ಪ ಇ5ಪ್ತಔಸರಹರಾರಾರಿ ಸೂ ರೋ ಅಸರ ಚ ಜು ಆಡಿ * ' ಇ ಆನ ಮಾಸ್‌. (ಪ್ರಿಸಿರಕಾಷು ಸಮ್ಮರ್‌ ಇಳಪ್ರಂಮಸಸತಕೂವರು್ಗ್‌ರಾಸ ಸಾ ಜು ಲ -ನ್‌ಷರಾಾಣಇೂ ಮ ಬ ಬ ಲ ಲ್ಪ ಬ್‌ ನನರ ಐಂ -ಹೂಾಲವ ಮು ಜ್‌ ವಸೂ ಎಜು ೋ೨ ವಃ ೧ಮರಾರಾ್ಸಾಸ ರಾ ಬು ಬ ಮಾಡಿ ಷ್ಟ ಕಡ ಬ ಲ ಯ ಮ ತು ಜುದಾರರಡೂ, ಉುಸೃಜಾರಲ(ಾಸ್‌ಸೇಳರಿು ಸನ್ನ ಇ ಇಹತ್ತ ಸ್ರ ರಡ ಜು ಬ ಯು ಕ ರಡ ಆ ಸೆ ಬೆ ಇಂರರ್‌ಗ್‌ಯರಿ ಡರ್‌ ಇರರಾಹನಿ ೧೨ ಅಫ್ಟಿ ನಸರ್ಸತ್‌ಸೂರ್ತಿಸ್‌ತ್‌ಸ್‌ಪ್‌ಷರಿ5 ರ ್‌ರ್ಯಾ ಜೀ ಆಂಫ ಕಾರೋ ಇಡಿವಿನ ಇರದ ಜ್ಯ ತು ಡುತ ತಾ ಬು ಎ ಬಾರಾ ವಾಾರರ್ಷ್ಯಾಗಾ ರಡ ನನ ಆರ್ಗ್‌ ಹ ಹಾಜಿ (೧-ಷ್ರರ್ಟಕ ಇರ್‌. ತತ್ರ ಹು ಜಾಡರ ಎರ ಇವಿ ಇ ಸರಸ ಸರಯ ಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ರಾತ್ಟುರ್‌ಾ ಸಂನಾಶ್ರಿಹೂವ ನು ಜರಕೆೊ್ತು' ಕ್‌ ಇರಾರ್ರಂಡಿ ರ್‌ ಸವರು “ಷಂ ಮು ಇಷ ಗತತಷ್ಟ ರ್ತ ಗರು ದ; ಇರಾ ಸರಿಸರಇಮ್ಮಹೇಾಗಿ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಓ೩ನರದಧಿಕೆವುಂ ಆಯಿನ ಸ್‌ ಮಾಡು ಗಡಕ್ರಹಿಲೇಸ ಇಪ ವಾ ಇಟ್ಟೆ ೧ “್ರ ಆಸು ಬ ಪ ಜಾ -ಕರ್ಯಎಜ ಇಷ್ಟರ ವಿರಾಜ ಇರಷನತರರೇ ಕತರ್ನಿನಾಇಲ್ಲಿ ಇರನಿ್ಯರಸರ್ಯ ರಾತ್‌ ಆ ಹ ಇನಿಕಾರಡರ್ಗ ಸ್ರ ಡು ಸರಸಿ ಸತಿ ರ್ವ ಕ ರಾತಿ ಜಾಕ್ಮೆೇಯ ರದ ಉಾಂಷ ಎಂಎ ಆಯು ಇ4ತಹ ಜಯದ ಬವೀಪತ್ರಾಡ್‌ವಾ ಇಲ್ಲಾರಿ” ಅರಿ ಸರುಫ್ರೊಂದ್ಕೂ ವೃತ ದ ಸಹಾಯ ರಾವರ (ಪ್ರಾ ಜಾಕ್‌ ನಿಲ್ಲು ರಾಸು ಆಗೇರರ ನ್‌ ಜ್‌ ರು ಯಾನಂ ಜು ನಾರ್ಯಾಹರಿವಧಿ ಯ ವಿವೊರ್ಟಾ-ಯ ನಡ ಸ್ಸ ಪಾಕಂಷ್ಯೋಪ್‌ಸರ್ವಾಸ ಗಸ ತಲಾಸ್‌ ಇದರಾಗ ಇ ಸಿಸಿತಾಇ್ಫಹ್ಳಸು ಇದ? ಜಡ ಇಷ್ಟಂ ಸ್ಟಾ ಬಡರ್‌ಕೂು ರ್‌ ಕಸಾ ಮ ಯ ದಿಘಖ3 ಹತ -ಫ್ಲೆಡಾಷ ಬ್‌ ನಜ ಜಾರ್ಷಪ್ರೋರನ್‌ ನಸ ಲಕಾ ಛ್ವವಿಸರ್ಕಾಹಡಿ. \| ಐರ್ಕೈರ್ಪಾನೇಯಿಲ ತುವ ನರಾ ನುತಸರಭ್ಯರಷ್‌ಕ್ಯಷ್ಸಪದವ ಮ್‌ ಇವ್ಳ ಇಡರಕ-ಮು ರುವ ಉ ಎಂತ ಬ ಟಾ ನ್‌ ತಾನಾಗಿ ಇತಸೂರಾರಾ್‌ದಧಿ ಇಮ್‌ಇಲಾ್ಸ್‌ಹ್‌ಹಜ ಇ ಚ್‌ ಸಕಾರ ದ ಪರ್ಟಾಡ್‌ಹಾಡ್‌ ಜು ಠ್‌ ರಸ ಅಾಹ್‌ಯ್ಟ್ಯ ತಸನತ: ಸ ಇಷ್ಟ ತುಕರಾಮ ೇಟನ್‌ರ್‌ಎಾ ರಾಮ್‌ ೂತಿಳ) ಇಂಗತ್ಟೋರ್ಯಕಇದ ಇಮ್ಮರೂಸೂರ್ಗರ್ಕದಷ್ದಿ, ಹಿ ಇಂಸಸರ್ಪಾಂಡದಿ ಎರಾ ಸ್ರ ಬಾ! ಆ ಉರ ಭೊತ ಇರಾ ರಹಾ ಜಾರದ ಇರವ ತ್‌ ಮುಸಲ ಫ್ಯಾ ನಾ ಕಳಾ ಭಾ ಜ್ಯಾನಹ ಅಡಾ -ರ್‌ನಿ ಜರಡೇ ಾಹಾಡಿಫರಾಹಲ್ಲ ಇದರಗ ರಾ ಬು ಶಂಭಾಸಿಳ್ಯ ಸಕ್ಕ -ರರ್ಯಾಅಾತ್‌ಹ್‌ಡಗಿತಗರರವಾಇನದಿ ಇಸಾ ವಾ ನರರಹು' ಹೂಟ ಸ್ಟಇತ್ಟಿಳತಣಾ, ಆುರಾರಾಗಾಸ್ಯಾ ಐತು ಜಭ್ಯಎಡತ ಯುಂ ಾೂ ಖಾ ಸತಂ ಒತತ? ಎ ರಾ ಜಪ ಪ್ರರ ನಾರ್ಕಷನ ಘು ತ ಆಲಾಪ ಕಸಸ್ಯರಾರಸೆಲ್ಸ ರತನ ಇಲ ಇಷಣುಸ ಬಾತ್ರಾ ನರ ವಿದ 6 ಷರಿಷ ರ್ಜ ಹ ಬ ಜರಾ ಓಆುಎಸರಾಸರಾಸೊಕ್ಕೆ ಧ್ರ ರಾಜ: ಉರಗ ಜಾ ೬೮ರಂದು ಕಾಡ್‌ ವರಾನ, ಮ್‌ ಎದಾರಡತತಾತಾ ಭ್ಯ ನ್‌ಇಸಡೆಂಸಟು ಷಾ ಸತತ ಸತ ಇರರು ವರಸರಾಗಹಾಇ”ರಾವರಹ4 ಇಹ ೬ ದಾರು ಇಾಷ್ಯಶ್ರರಾಹಿ ಇಸಿ ಯಾಮ. ಗೆ 1.1 ಸಂ ಬ ೯ ಜೆ \| ಹಂಡು ಡಿಇದ್ದದೆ ೦ನ ಜಾಮಾ ಸು ಮಾಸ ಮಂ ಉ ಲತ್ರ ಸು ಸಡಾ ತಳಾ ಇಿ-ಮಳಂ \| ಶಿ ರರೂ ರದಿರಿ, ತ್‌ ಹಜಾಮ! 1 ಭಾ? ಹ್ಯಪಿ ಧ್ರ ತ್ತ ಡ್‌ ಕ ಇತಿ ಷಹ ಅರ್ಕಾ” ಜೂ ತ ಗಾರ ರಂ-ನ ಹ ಬೇಲವ್‌ಯರ್ಟಾ ಗಸ್‌ ಷಾ ಇಸ್‌ ಡು ಆ ಇಸ. ಮಿಕ ಸಷ ಛು ಛು ಅರ್ಪಾಮು ಟ್‌ ಲ ಲ್‌ ದ್ವೀದಭ್‌ೆಷ್ಟ ರಾಜ್‌ ಎಲ ಇಾರಾಷಾರಃ ಬಾ ಮರಳ ತ ಪ್ಪ ತೆ ತ ಉಡಿ & ಇಸಲುರಿದರಾವರಾಹರ“ ನನ್ನ ಸಇಸರಾರ್ಪಸರ್ಯಇತಿ ತಾ ತಿಸಿ ಕ್ಲಾತ್ಟಿತಿಷ 3 ನಜ; 1 ಇಸರಪ್ರೂಲಯೊನತುಸರಾಸ' ತ ಲಿ ಸ್‌ ಇಜಡಾ ಇ ಯು ಪೀಸಡಫ್ಟೀ ಒಂರಾಷ್ಟ "ಜು ಲುಸಾಾ ಇರಾ ನ ಮ್‌ತ್‌ಕೈರಾರಾಮರ್‌ ರ್ಸ್ನ ನ್ನ್ಯರಸಕಕಾರೇಯರಇುದ್ದಾದ ತಾ "ಜಾರ ಆ ಸುನ ದ್ದ ಹಸ ಇ. ಧ್ರ ನೆ ದ್ರು ಲು. ಇನ್‌ ನ ತ್ನ ಜದ ಆರ್ಸ್ಷನ ಟ್‌ ಇ ದಾತಾ. ಇ $ ಎ ಸಾ » ಆಸೊಾಸ್ಥಪರ್ಥಾ ಇತ್ರ ೫5 ಇವಿ ಇದ ಇದ ಸ್‌ ಧ್ನ ಾಜಾಜಾ ಜು ಧಾಾಡರ್ಕಜ-ಲ ಷ್ಟಿ ಇದತ ಸ್ಸ ಸ್ಥಿ/ ದು ಆಜ ಚ ದ್ರು ಡ್‌್‌ ಸ್ಕಿಲ್ರ -ರಾಭರಹನಿಷ ಹಾಗ್‌ ಮಾ ಹ ಇಟಿರ್ಯರೂ ಒಫಿನಿರ್ಷಿ ೯ರ ಜಹವ ವರೂ ಇರ್ಷಾಷನಿರ- ಉಷದ್ಯಾಲಾಗಾತಿ ದ್ವ ನಂ ಗ ರ್ಳು ಲ್ರು -ಡಳಿ ಉಡರಾಾ ಮಾಸಹಿಇರ್ಥಾಂಾ! ಸಡಲ ಪ್ರಮಸಸೂುರರರ್‌ಾತ್‌ೂೂ, ನಷ್ಟ ಚಕ್ರಾ ಜೀ ಯಾ ಕ್ಕ ಡ್‌ ಆ ಕ್ಯ ಯಾ ಹ ಜೆ ದ್ರಾ ರ ತೆ ನರು ಆರು ಆಲ ಸ್ವನ ಕಾಳಾ ಬ್ಯಾಂ ಅ. ಆರ್ಯರ ಡ್‌್‌ ಕ ಇಯ“ “” ಹಾರುವ್ಯಾಸ್ತು ಧಾ ಜಲ ರಾ ಎಲಷ್‌ಹಣೀ ದಾತ 4 ತ ತ್‌್‌ ಆ ಹ್‌ 01 ಆಹ ನವ ಇ” ರ್ಗ ರವಿ” ತ್‌ ರಾಸು ಇವ ಸಾ ರಿಸ್‌ಳೇಂಸಸಇಸ್ಷಸ್ಟ “ಡಕ, ಇ ರಾ ಇಷ ಹ್ಮ ಬ ನಾ ಇಸ್ಷಾ2 ಹ ಕ ಐ ರಾತಾ ದೆ ನಿಹುವಿ ೦೫ ವರರ ತಮಾ ಯು ಜು ಖಉ ಇದುವ ತ ಈ; ಬು ಎರಕ ನ ತ ಸಾರೆರ್‌ಷಿಯರ್ಯಾರವ ಜಾ ಅಸರ್‌ಯು ರಾರಾ ಸುಡ ಇಸಿಸಾಜಿತ್‌ಕವು ಪ್ಲ ಎಾಸೆನಗರ50ನಸ ಸ್‌ ಸರ್ವ್‌ “ಲಾ ಶವ ಜು । ರಜಾ ೪ ಟಟ ಡು \| 8 ಇ ಇಸಿಸ್‌ ಸರ ಬಾ ಹು ಗ್ರ ರರ ನಿ ಇರ-ರರರ್ಷರಾರ್ಜಾಸ್‌ಾ್‌ ದಾ ಇರವ್ರಿಷ್ಟ್ತಾನ ಸುಬ ನ ಟಟ ಇರು ಇಷ್ಟ ಸ್ವ ಈೇಶ್ತರ್ಪಾಸಂತ ಚುಚ ಸಮಾ ಒಲರಾತ್‌ಇಸಿ ಕಾವನ ಸಾ ಭ್ಯಕಣಾಸಸರಾರಯಾ ರಾರ ' \| ದ ಆಮೆಸ್ಯಸುಸರ್ಯಾವ್‌ಇರ್ಯಷ ಸಾ ತವಾ ವಾ ೈಾ ಬಂ ಸ್‌ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ ಆ” ಹರಾಜಾ್‌್‌ ಇಡೆ ಡ್‌್‌ ಕೆ ೦ಯ್‌ ಆ ಜು ಇಡಾ ಧುರರಪ್‌ಕಣ ಕಷರಾವ ತಾ ಡಸ್‌ ಸನಿವಾಸ ಎ ಚ! ಡಿ” ರಾರ್ಕಶಾಣಾ ಆ ಇರಿ ಷಂಸ ದರಹಲದ ರಾ ಜೂದರ. ಐರ್ನ್‌ದ್‌್‌ಲಸೂ; ಜಾ -ಷ್‌ಸಿ ಹತ ಹಾ ಜಸ ಲಾಇ ಳಾ ಜಗರರಷಣೆ ಸವ್‌ ಓರ್‌ ಪ್‌ಸ್ರೋಂಜಾಆರ್ಪಚರಾಹಾಗ ಬದ ಬಬಸರಟೇ ಇರ್‌ ಶಿಯಾ ಕಾರಾಯ“ ಜು ಹಡಗ ಮಯ ಲಿ ಹಾ ಯಯ ಬಯ ಎಷಾ ಇ ಸಷ ವ್ರ ಪಸ್ಟ್ಯಪ್ರಕ್‌ಮಾಳಾಸ್ಯಷಿಇಸ್ತಣರಾಹುರುಸರ್ಗಕುವ ದ ಸರ ಇತತ ಬಾಯಿ ಆರಿ ಶಇಸರವ್‌ಹರಾಗವರತಿ ದ ಎ ಬ ಜಯಊಉ ರಾಗವ ಸಾಗಾ ಇಷು ಇವರ್‌: ಉಾಾಡಡ “ವಿಷ. ಲಾ) ಆ! ಡು ಒಬ್ರು ದ್ರು ರ್ಟ ಹ ಇವು ಚರ ಭೂ 2 ಆರಾಮ ಖಕ ಜು ಒಯು ಟ್ಟೇಸಸಟತಸ ಪ್ರ `ಜ್ಯವಾಕಾಸ' ಲಾ. ಸಾರಾಲಾಸಸಾಸತ್‌ಫ್ರು ತರರರ್ಕಷ್‌ ಸಮ್ಯ ತಣ ಷೂ ಯುತಯ್ದ್ಸಾಷವೊಸ್ಯ ೫೫ೂಸಸರ್ಕಲು 'ಸ್ಯವ್‌ಸಲಾಸ ಶು ವ್ರ ಎ ದಾಕಾವಾಳ್ಯ'ಮ್‌ಕರತ್‌ಎಾಾಉಸತ್‌ಇದ್ಲು ಡ್ಲಯ ಭರ ರಸವ್‌ವರಾಯನೋ ಕಾಡಿ ಸಪೂಗ್ಯತಿ ಯ್ಯ್ಸಣ್ಣಾತಳ' ಈ ವಿಬ ! ಆರಾ ಘ್‌ ಥೈ ದಾರಾಾಸರ್ಥಸಲರ್ವಾಾ ಸತ ಪಹನವಗರಾಸಡ್ರ್ರಎನರಿರ್ಕೆಕ ಷ್‌ ಆಯು ಇಸರಾಷಾರರರತಸ್ತು ೯ ಲಬ ಒನಾದರಷರಿ -ಷ್‌ಹಾಸ ರಾದ ಕ್ಕು ಜಾ [ಜನವರ ಜ್‌ ಜಾ ರಾ ಬು ಷ್‌ ಅಲಾ ಸಇಹ್‌ಷ್ವರ್ಧರ್‌ ಲ್ಳ್‌್‌ ರ್‌ಾಾ ಸರದು ಇಡ -ರರಾತರಿವಳಿ: ಹಾಸ್ಯರಸ ಆಡಾಕಷ್‌ಸಸಯಮಸ್ತಾ್ದ.. ಇಇಷ್ಟನಿ ಐವಾಬ್ವಷ್‌ ಯ ಭ್ಯಯಾಡಮ್ಮವಿಫರಾಣೆ ಈ ಹಂುನ9ಾಕರಷ ಕಾರಾ ವಷ್‌ ಆ ್‌ಸರಾಪ್ರರಳು ಆತಿ ರಾರ ವಪ್‌ತ್‌ಪ್ಕಕಾಾಣ್ತ್ಷ ಸಿಸಾಡ್‌ ಇಸಾ ಇ ರಿರಸರಿದೆ ಇಸರಡು ಹ ಮು ಆಯರಾಡರ6, ಆನಿ (ಗ್‌ ಸರಹಳವ್‌ ಇಂವ ಕಇರತ್ತಾ್ತ ಮು ಆಜ ಹಲ್ಲಷ್ಕಿ ಇಇ. ಬ ಇರ್ವ-ಕ್‌ದಂ ದ್‌ ಆಮ ಇಾಷೂರರರಾರ್ಸತರಿ ಸಾಂದೆ ಸಹತ ಎಮು ಕ್‌ ಆಸರಾರವಾರಾರಡಿಡಗಿ ಧಾರ್ಣಾಣಕದ ಲಿಂ ಇದರುರಾರರ್ವಾತ್‌ ಇಂಹತಗಷ್ಣ ಹ್‌. ಜಾ ಠಕರರರ್ಥ್ಯಾ. ಇಟಿ ಸ ತಚ್ಚ” -ಡಡಘ್ಷಿಇಷ್ಟು ತಿನ್ಯರಡ ಕಾರಾ ಸು ರು ದಾ ಜೂ ಫಯ ನರ್ನೋರಹ್‌ಫೆ ತ ಹುರಿ ಇರೋರ ರಾಜರ್ಯಾತರ್ಯಾಟೆ ಇಂಇಹರಾ ಅ ಎರಾಭಾರ ರಾಣ ಬಡದ ಆಹಾಾರಾರಿಯವೆಉಡರಡ್‌ಸ.ಲ್ಲಡಯ ಸ ಎರರ್‌ ಆಟ. ಕ ಇಡವ ಬಾರಾತ್‌ ಕ ಮ ಆಹಾರ” ಡೆ ಜಡ್‌ ಇಡಿಯ " ರ್ಪಷ್ಯೋರಿಸಸ ಬಾ! ಸಾಸ್‌ ಸರ್ಜಾರ ಉಸಫಷ್ಟೇಸರ್‌ಕು ಕ್ರ ಮ ಸರ್ಪನ ರವಾ ಇತತ ಇಸ್ಟು ರ್ಪಾಹಥ್ಷೀರಾಾರಾನ "ಷರಾ ರಾ ಇಸ ಪ್ರೊಲರು ಶ್ರಿಣಕೌಮೂರರರತ್ತು್ಳ ಸ್ಟಾ (ಜಾಸ್‌ ರಾರಾರಾಸರ್ಯಾತಿ . ಇಷ್ಟೆ ಷು ಸೆ ಪದಾ ಸಾಸರಾಡತೆರಾಕೆಕುದು ಇ ಬಾಡ ತಾಃ ಜಾಸಸರಾ ರರ ಕವಹರ್ಥೀ- ರ ಹಾರ. ವಡಾ ಲಃ ಸ್ವತ ರ ಆಹವ ಡ್ಮೋರಾಸ್ಟೇನರಾಣಿ ಸಾಗು ತಿಂರರಾಕಾಇಾವಾರುಗಾಜಾಣಾ ಮ “ಹು \| ಪ್‌ಸರಾರವಸುತ್ರಿರರ ದಾನ] ಬಾರು ಇಬ ಡೆ ರಹಾರಾಾಾ-ಯ-ಡರಾರದ « ಹಾಸ ಎ ಎಬ ಭಂ ಬಾ ಯಸ ಮಮಾ ಬಾ ಮು ್ಪ `ಜೋಲಹ್‌ಸ ಸಾರತೆ ಇಂ ಐರಾಧರಕನೊಂಸಹೀಲರ್ಟಗತ್‌ಸಲಾಸಿಹ ವದ ಹ್‌. ಹು ತಿಷ ನ್ನ ಇಮುತನ್ಯಾರಾವರ ವು ಇನರಾಕ ಜರ್ವರವೂ.. ಆವತರಾ-ನ್‌ನನಿ ಬ ಯ ಯು ಸ್ಥಸಾಳ ರ ಇಂಸುತ್ಕಿಯಿಷ್ದಿು ಜಿಸಷಾಾರಯೂ ಆ ಅಕಸರನು ಇರುದನ ಸಜೆೇನಕ್ಯೊರವ್‌ದ ಇಾರಸಲಾಹಸಂ ಕಣಾ ತಾಜ ನಷ್‌ಾಸಿಗಾವನಇಲು ್ಯ ಜರೆ ಯಕ ಪಾ ನಾರು ಇನ್ಸ್‌ ಇ ಪ್ಲ್ಯಗ್‌ಎಂಇರ್‌ಳಷಹ ನಲ ಇತರ ಐಹ% ಬುಐಡರಾ್‌ತೂ- ಚ ಇ ನಂದ ಜಾನ ಆಮೋಾರಸರಇಹುಣತರ ಶ್ವರ ಇರಾ ಸ್ನರ್ಕಿಷ-ನಕೆ ೯ ಯಹು ಯು ಸ ಾನಷಿ ಸಮಜ ಸಾತ್ರಾಂಸಾರತನಹನತ್ತೆ, ಹರ್‌ ರಾನಾ, ಬು ಆನಾರಾರರಡಗಕಾಹ” -ರಷಗ್‌ಕ ತ ಇವ ಶ್‌ಧಸ್ಮಾರಾತುನಾ ಇುಾಸರ್ಮಾತ್‌ಸ್‌ಸರರದ ಅಸ್ಯ ನಾತ ಎರ್ಯತರಿ, ಮಾ ಯು ಇರ್ಯಾಧದನಿ ರಸಷಾಾನಾಲಿ ಎಧಾಸ ಆಗ್ಲೆಸಾರಾರಾ ಇಾಸಾಸರಾೋೋಡ್‌ಾ್‌ ಎ ಹಾಡೂ ಇರನೊಸ್ಟಡಾಸಾ-ವೆೊಇನ್ಸುಂತಗಇಳರಾರಾರರಾರಾಲರ್ದಿಮ ಬಂದಿ ಹೋ ಧ್ಧಿಅವ್‌ಸಸಿಂತ ಸಿಇ. ೯ 4 ತ \| ಸುಸು, ಸ್‌ ೩ ಸು ಸನ ಸ್ಯ ಜು ಗ ಸ ಸ -ಕ್‌ಸಾಕಾಯು ಇಂರತ್‌ಸರಎಕ ಆ ಮುಯ್‌ ಸ ಬ ಆಡು ಹಾ ಜನೆತಸಸಿ ದಾಸ ಸಸಾರ್‌ಕ್‌ಹವ್ತ ಕಾಡಾ ಹಂ ಆಲ ' ಸಹ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಆಕ್‌ ಎನಿ, ಆತು ಇಸರ್ಸವ್‌ನರಾರರಾನ ಕಾಳಾ ರ್ಯಗನಿರತೊ ಾಾಕಾಸವರಾರಾಾ -ದಸರನನಿರ್ಥಾ್‌ ಇಷರಿಫ್ರ ಉನಾ ಭಿ ಬಡದ ಮೂ ಜಾತಕದ ರಹೀ ವಾರ ಕರಜಾಷ್‌' “ಹತ್ರ ಫ್ರಲರ್ಡೋ್‌ ಸು ಈ ಪ್ವ್ಮನಕಾರಾಷೋಳ್ಟಾರಾಸ ತಾ! ಧಣ ಆತಿ ಆಸರಡನನಿಿ ಶಾ ಈರ್ಜ್ಯರಾಸಸ್ಯಾಕನ' ಯಸ್ನೈತುಸಸರಾಸಾಾ ನಿಸರ-ಹೊ ಹಂಸ ಎ ಜಳ ಾಬರೇವ್‌ಸರಂಸಾಾತ ತಿಷ ಸ್‌ ವಸನ ಜುಯಾಿಕಾಕರವದ ಜರ ಎ ಬ -ಡ್ಯಾಸನನು ಇಠರಾರಾಸರ-ನ್ಕಾಳ್ಳು ಇರದ ನನ್ನನ ನೆ ಐನುರಾರರಾಹರಿತತೆ ೬ '`ರಷ್ರ7514 ಊ್ಗ ಇನೂ ಟು ಆ ಇ ಆಉರ್ಡಾಡ್‌್‌ು ಒ೦ಮತತತಾಸ್‌ಕ್ಯಾಣಸ ಷಇವತ್ಠಾಂ ೬೫ರ ತಟ ಆದ್‌ಸ್ಫೊಳಾ ರಿ, ರಾ "ಸಿಳಾಯು ಇಂಗು “ಹೂ ರರೂ ಕಾಸರ ಇರು ರರ್ಕಹನಿಂ ಕ್‌ ಇ ತ್ರಿ ರಸ ಇಸು ಆಃ ಆ ಮ್ಯಾ ಎಾರೇ ದೆ ಬಾ ಬಳಸ ಶ್ರಿಂಕುಣಹೂಣೆ ಇಹ್‌ಸು, ದಿಶಾ ಬ್ಲಹಿವ್ವ್ಯಾಇ ನಲ್‌ ಸೂ ಇದಿರ ಯತ್ಳಿಂತಡಸುಇಂಡ ಹ ಇಷ . ಲತ ನರಮ್‌್‌ಹ ಹಜಳ-ಜವಾಸ್ಟಿ 'ನ೯ ಸಾಸ ಇರದ ನ್‌ ನ್ಯಾ ಆಮು ು ಎಲೆ ಇಂತ ಇತ್ತ್‌ ವಾರಾರಗರ್ಯವ ಜಾ ಐರ್ಪಗತಾನರಕಕು ಧ್ರಕ್ಮು ಆರರರಾರ್‌ಹರಕಾಇಂಕರಿ ಶ್ರಿ ಇತು ಉದರದ «೬ ಕಾ ಷ್ಟು ಲಸ ವರ್‌ ಛ್‌ ಇಂ ಪಕ್ಸ್‌ಸ್ಕ್ಯೊ ಸರನೆ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಇರ೮ಇ್‌ಕಿರ್ಕ್ಳ” 1 ದಸಯಂದ ವಜಾ ಜು ತ್ರೀಯರದ್ತ' ದ್ರತ್ಟಾರತ್‌ ದೂಸರಾ ಲದರಿಸಾರಾರಾರಾಾರಯಾಜು ತಿ ಇಡ ದದಿರ, ಇಂರ್ವೀಯರ್ವಾ-ಹತು ಬಡಾ ಉದಿತ ವ್‌ಕ್‌ರಾರಾದಲ್ನ್ಲಿ ಆರಾರಾಯ-ವ್‌ಬಂಯಸುಟು ಜಾತ ರ ಪೂ ಬು ಜಾ ಪ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಇ ಉಡುಸಣು ರವ ನಾ ಆಜಸರಾಟೊಟ್ದ ರೂಂವರಾದರರ್ದದ ಈ ಅಪ ಹಹಹ. ಅದಿರ್ಸುತ್‌ಾ ಆಟಿ ಲರರಸಿಸವ್‌ತರಾಸರಾಾರಷ್ಟ ಳಳ ಸಗದ ಆಾಸರಾವ ನ ಕಾಕಾಲಲೀಸುರರ ಲ್ಛ್‌- ಎಲಿರ ಸ್ವಿಸ್‌ ನ ಸ ಎಲ್ರ ನಿನದು. ಆಸ್ಮಾ ಸನವಇಾಸೇಲಂಸ ಆ ಬ್‌ ಸೂ ತಿ ಆಡಿ, ರವರೇ ಎಗರ ರಾದ ನಲನ ಇಂಷನ ಲಂ ಜ್‌ ರಾಜರ ಲಸದ ಜೆ -ನೇಲ್ಪಾಸತಾತಿ ಅವ ಆಹುಃ ಸುರರ ಅರಕು ರಜನ ಯು ಲತಾ ರರರಡ' ಷಸ ರಿವ್‌ ಹಾಸ ತಾರಾ, [54ಪಾರ್‌ ಐತ . ಬರಹ ಉಷ ಲತ ಪ್ರಷಾನರಂಯಿ ಇವಿಸರಾಸ್‌ಸುನಾಸ್ಥ್ಯಾರಾ ಇತ್ತಿ ಭಾ ಟಾರಾಾರಾತಷ ಲೋ ಇರಾಜ ನ ಇಟ ಮುಷ್ಟೀ ಹ ಜತ ದ್ರಲಯ -ಜಖಇ ನರಹಾರಾಷ ಹಿ ಇಲರನಿತಿಷ, ಜಾ ಎಂ ಬ ಜ್‌ ಡಿ 'ಪ್ರೊಸರ್‌ಹ! ಜಾರ ರಾ ಅರಾ ವ ಆಹವ ಸರ್ವಷನಿಇುಎತ ಕ್ರಸಷ್‌ಆಗಿತರಸಂ ಇ ಭಸ್‌ರ್ಪಹ್‌ಸರಾಸಿಸರಾರ್ಪಾಕಾ ೯ರೋಸತ-ಸ3ಕ್ಷ--ರಾಕಕವ/ ಜಾತ 3 ಹ ಸಾಡು. ರನಕಸಹಟುಸರರಾನರವಾಸಿ ಇಂದರಾರ್ಜಾಹರ್ಷೊಡರಾಾತ್ಟ ಇ ಸ ರ್ಥ ಸಾ” -ರಹ್‌ಸಸ್ವರಾಸಯಿ ಇರ್ಣತ ರಾರ್ಸವ್‌ಇ ಜಾಸಸಜಾಮೆಂಸಳಸಬರರ್ಪತ್ತ ಕ್ಷಣವು, ಷ್ಟಿ ಜಾ ರ ಇ. ಇಸ್ರಾ ತ-ಷ್‌ಇ, ಪಾತಿ ತ. ಹು ; ಇ ಕ ಬರ್ಮ್ಯರತೂ ಜಾರ್ಜಡಿಂರಕ್‌ಗಿಬಹ್‌ಹ್‌ಎರಿ ನರಹಲ್ಸ್ಲವರ್ಟ-ಸೂಗೆ ಸೈರ್ಷಾ- ನ! ಮಾ ರು ದರಾಷಳ್ಯಪಕ್ಯರರಕನಿ (ನೇಗರತಗವನಿಾರುದಿಇ ಘಷಾಲ್‌ಡಿ ್ಣಿ ಇರ್‌ ತ್‌ಾ ಮ ಯು ಸು ಚು ನ್ಳಿ ರಾರಾ ಸಾಪ್ರಾ ಇತ್ತೂ ಪಾ ಜರಭಾಜರ ಕ್ರ ಇಷ ' ಇ ಇೃ್ತಿಪೀರಾಂಸ್ರಾ೨2 ಎಂಬರ್ಥ ಸಜನ. ತಸ್ಯ ಓಾರ್ಯಗ್‌ಪರಾಸತಾಸರದರತಾರಾಭ್ಯರಾತ್‌' ದ ರ ವಡ ,ಶಾಜವರರವಗ ರ ಯಿಕಾನಸದ ಒಲಸ ಸಜಾ 1 ಖಿಷಿಮಇಸಾಭ್ಯರಿ, ಬ ಯು ಸ ಬ ಎ ಜಾ ಹು ಲರ್ಮೋಹರಡ್‌ದ ಒಾರನವನ ಇಲರಡ್‌ಡ್ಕ ಲಾಸಣತು್ಥೆ ಎವಪ್ಸಾಹ್‌ಹು ಆಡ ಆಾತಸ್ರೋತಕೊ ಸಸ ವಾಸರ ಇನೆ ಉಸ್‌ ತ \| ಸ್ರ -ಾಂರಾರಾಹಳು ನು ಧ್ಷಾರಸೊರು ಬಕರ ದ್‌ನ್‌ಸ್‌ಹೊರ ಹು ಬರಡು ಬನರಹಡಿಸೋಲ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಆ “ಫತಾ ಆಡ ಇಡಲ ಎಮು ನ್ನಾತ್‌ಎಾ ಇಂ ಸ ನತಸರರ್ಸಾಯ ಆಕಿೋಹುರಾದಿತೆ ಲಜಾಾ ಸ್ಮರ್ಪಾನವಗಇತ್ತುತನು ರಯ ಇಾಸಷ್ಟತಿ ಗೆ ಇುಕಾಡಿ ಸಮ್ಮಾ ಭ್ಧ್ಗು ಜಾಾಮತ್ರೂರವರು ಸಹತ ರತಿ ಳ್‌ \| ಇ5ಕಾಕೇಾಗರರರಾಮ್‌ಸೂ ಇಯಿಸಾಣಾರಾಷ 'ಕತರಾಸನೆಸಾತ ಜು ಇಂಗಿನ" ರಾ ಇಮಂ ಉಾಜರಾಾರ್ಡಣಾ .ಹ್‌ಾಪ್ರಸಾರಾಗಬವರೆ ಟ್‌ ಭೌ್ಸ್‌ ಳಾ ವಸರ ಸಾರೆ: ಇಡ -ರಾರಾತಾಸೆಳ್ಟರಾ ಈ ಬಸರವರ್ನಾಕ ಉಾಲಿಷತೆ ಒನಿಷನಿರ್ಬಾಳ\| ಫ್‌ ಐುಎರಾರಾಷ್ಯೋತ ವ್ಯರದುಡ ತ್ರ ಇ ದರಪ್‌ಸನುಷ್ಟಿ ್ಷಾ-ಸರ್ಟಾ ಬಾರು ಬಹು ತಾಸು ಬೋ ಇ ಉರಾರಾಗರರರಾಸರಾರ್ಡಾಗೇಾ ರಯ ಸಂ ಲರಿಇದ/ವಜಗಿತರ, ದು ಸರಕಿತ್ತನ ಹಾರೋ ರದ ಇ ಅ ಬ ನ ದು ಳ್ಳ ಇಾಾಾಾನ್‌ಡಿ ಅುಗ್ಫಸರಯಿ ಸ ಜು ಪತ್ಟ ರು ಸಂರೋಯಕಾರಾಹಸರಹಸಸವ ಅರಡೂಸೂ- ರಕಿಕಂಸ್ಗಯ ಠಾ ಅ ಡು. ಹುಕಿ ಾ ಸಾ ಗ ಸನಿ ಇತಿ ಆಲ ಸು ಪವ ತರಯ ಎರದು ಬರಾಕ್‌ ಪ ವರ ಯೂ ಫೆ ಜರವಾ ಇಾರಹರ್ಥಜಾರಂತರವ್‌ನೆ ಇಜರಿರಾಾಗಡ್‌ಸೆವರಾ ಜು ಎರು ಐಜಿ ನಾ ಭಡು ಇಂ4್ರತಿಜಮೆ ರಸೋ ಫೊಸಳವರ ಕುತ ಸರ್ಗ ವರವ ರಾತತ್ಟಜಜ) ಇಇ ಇಸು ಬಂದಗ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಪ್ಯವೆರ್ಟಾಲಾತರಾಕು ಆಹ್‌-ಕನಿ,ಇತರಹರ-ಹಇುಳ್ಳವು ಬ್‌ ಇರವ ಇಿರಕಗರಸಿ ಜಕಾತಿ ಕ ರಷ್ಟ ಆಕಫ್ರ್ಯ್ಗರ್ರಲಯವ ಸೆ ಇತ ಕ ಜಸ ಇರ್ಕ್ಷ್ರಕ್‌ಸ್ಸ್‌ ರಾಕಾ ಜ್ಯಾ (ಎಸಿ ಡತ್‌ರಸ್‌ಷನಿಇ ಎರರರಿಸಗ ಬಡೆ ಆನು ತಾಸ ಕಾಯಾ --4್ಷೇಕ್ಟ್‌ ಜಿರ್ಜಸರಿಾರಾಳವ ಧ್ಯಸತಾವಾರುವರೋತೆ ಆ ಚಿಯಾ ತ ಅಸ್ಸ ವಾದ ಅಹಿತಸ “ತಾರು ರಾ ಇ್ಯಾಷ್ಕೂವ ಎನಿ ಅರಾಸ್ನಸುರಹಜು್ಥ-ಥಿಕ್ಟ ಜಯರಾಂ, ರ್ನ ಇಸಾಕನ ಯು ಬರುದು ರಡಾಷೇಂರಾಕಾು ಗ (ರಾರಾರ್ಸ್ವಪ್ರಸೇಅನಂತರಸರ ನಷ ಸ್ಸಾನಇಹ್ಯಾರ್ಯ್ಯವ್‌ನೆೊ \| ಆಇ, ಮ್ಮಾ ನಸರಾಕ್‌ಕೂಗರದ್‌ವರ್ಕರ್ಮಪ್‌ಪಇಡ್‌ಸಾಸ್ಯೋರ್ಟಾಣತ್‌ ಮರದರ ಜ್‌ \| ಇಸ್ಟ ಗಷಸನಾತಸೊ ಧಿ ಸರ್ತಸೂಾಇರ್ಹನ ಹ ಯಾ ಯ ರ ' \| ನ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ತ ಸ್ಯಾ ಎಲ ಅಸಾಸ್‌ಸಸಿಷಳ್ಳ ಇವ್ರ ವರಾಡಸ್ಟ್ಟಸರ್ಷಿ ತನನ ಸರ್ಟ್ಯಾನಿರಇಂರಷಿ ೨ ಜಾವ ಬಮ ನಬ ಸ 2 2 ಬ ಎ ಎಬ ಜ್‌ “8 'ಫೀನಿಸಳರಗದು ಯ್ಯ್ಯಕುಲವರಾನ್‌ನಿಷ್ಟಿ 'ರಾರಹ್‌ದು ಹರಿದ ಇಜಾಸಾಸ್ಯಾನಲಹರಲಾರರನಜಾ \| ಇತ್ತರು ಅಸೊ್‌ಹೇರ್ಜಾಂತಸರುವಾತ್ರಾಇುಪಿ ರೂ ಯ ಹೂಂ ಯ“1' ಸಾರು: ಚು ಜಯ ಕಾಸ ಭಟ ಬಾ ಬ ಯ ಸಡಾ ಸಾಂ ನಾರ್ಥಾಷಿ. 1 ಇಟ್‌ -ಷ್ಟ್ಟೀಇಷ್ಯ/ ವುರರ್ಷಾಣರ್ಯಾಸವುಳ. ತ \| ಆಸ್ಮ್ಯಷೂಹಮರಹ-ಪರಿ(ಲೇಶರಪ್‌ಸಬರಾರವತ ನ ಇಂಪು ಇಾರ್ಯಾಹುತ್ತಾರಕಐಾಸ ಫಡ ಜಾಸ್‌ಸೆಸಾ್ಷಇಜನರ್‌ಕರಲರರ್‌ನರಸ-ಮೂಸಪೇವ ಇನಳಯವು ಸುರಸಾ ಗ ಘಾ ಪಾ ಭಾಸನ ರಾರಾಷ್ಣ ಇಸ್ಮರಿದೈ ರರ ಬರದವ ಇಸಿರಜ್‌ಇಾ ಸರಾಗ ಣಾನಾಸರವ್ಟ ಇ. ಆರರ ಕೈಇಾಾ ಷ್ಣ್‌ತೆಂಡು ಗ ನತ್‌ಹೌಸಲ ್‌ಸರ್ಟಾ್‌ರಶ್ಯಿೀಷಿಸಿಷ್ಟ್ಯ ಆಡ ಎಮ್ಮ ಇುರಾಮುರುರ( ಆರ್ಕಾ ೂಇಂಯಿ ಆರ್‌: ಸೂರ ರ ಊ ಇರರಾರ್‌ವಾಃ -ಪಲಾಂತ್ರೀಮೆ ಧ್ವರರ್ಸ್ಸ್‌್‌ ಬತ್ತಿ ಜ್ರ ಇಮಾ ಜಾಡಿ ುಂಸವ್ಯರಿಾಾತಿಸ್‌ ಅಡಕರಾಗನ್ನ ರಾಸ, ಇ-ಸರರ್ಯೋ್‌” ಂರಲಬರುರಸರತರ್ಯೋಾ ಣಾಸ-ಷ್ಟ್ಯತೆ ರವರ, ರ್ಪಾಣಮೆ ಹ ಬವ ಯ್‌ ಸಕೃತರವಸ್ಟ್ರಾ ತು ಬಾ ಕ ಇರವ ಹಾಹಲ್ದಾಗಡರತಿ ಗನ ಅವ್‌ ರಫ್‌ ರಮ್‌ -ಡ್‌” ಇರರ 'ಸರಾಸಇರರವಾಸರ್ತ್ಯಾದ ಮ ಟಾ ರಜಾ ರಾರ್ವಎರ, ರಿಷ . ಲ ಹರಾರರ್‌ನವಿ ಇದತ ಕ್‌ ನಾ ರದ ತ ಎಸರು ಧಿ ಪಾ ರ ಬಮ ಟು ಇಸಾರ್ಷಿಭಾಶ್ಯ(ಕ್ರಾಯಷಲಾಸಾಷೋೊತುಂಮೋು ರ್ವಷದ ರಜಿಷಮ. ನಾಇ ಆಷೂಣ ಇಷ ಗ್‌ ಸೆಧಾರಾಣುತ್ಳಿ ಇಟ ಭಫೋತೆತೇರ್ಯಗ್‌ ಇರಾ ಇ-ದಔರಾಾಷ ಸರ್ಜಾರ ರು ಡ್ಟ್ಯಾಸೆ ಅಜ ಇಡ್‌ಷು. ಎ ಇಸರಾಹರೆಬಿವ್‌ಸರಾರ್ಪ್ಟಷನ್‌ ಆಾರದೂವಿ]ರ್ಗವ್‌ವ್‌65, ಮುಂ ಸಾರಾರರಪರಾರ್ಥವರಾಸ« -ನ್ಯೋಜಿಲಷಳ ನರವ ಇರ ಎಮ್ಮಸಅವರಸಾ ಬಾಲವು ರಾಮು ಕರ್ವವಿರರಾರಾನರ್‌ಕ ತ್ಸ ರಜ ಉ ಬಸರ ಇಸು ರರ ಸಸಿಯು ಚಾ ಕರಮ ರದು “ದಾ ಜಮಾ ಜಬ] ಹ್‌ ಚ್ವುವೀಕುರಸತ ಎಇ ಎಂಿರಿಹರಾ ರಾಗಾ ಜರು ನರ್‌ ಏಸಸ್‌ ಮಾ ಆಕಹರಾಯಜಿಆಂ ಬಸರಾಷಾಃ ಬರಾ” ಡಿ ಸು ವಸಿ ಇಸಿ ರಯ್‌ಐಲಿಿರಾರಾಜು ಲಾಿತಪ್ರ ತರ ಸಷ ಇಡ್‌ರರಾನತ ಸ್ರ ಭಾ ಬೂ ಕೆಂ `ನ -ಕರ್ಯಾಾಯೂಾದಿ ಇ್ಯಾರಷನ್ಯು' ಜಿ ಳೆ ಮಸರ ಇರವ ಜಾಸುಸ್ಯತ, ಜಾತಸರೂ್‌ ಎ ಎ ದಾ ಇರುಷ್ತಾನರರಇಾ ಇಲ ಹಾವ ಬು ಕಬೂಟ ನ" ಇ ಳ್ಳ ಐಡರಕರಾದ' ... ಜ್‌ ಆರಿ 4 ಗಸ್ಯ್ಯೊ ಆರಿಸಿ ಅದಾನಿ ಸ ಯು ಸ್ಲಸ0ರಾರಧಿನಡ ಆನೂ, ಮಾಡ್‌ಾಡ್‌ ಆಯಿ ಇರರ” ವ ಇರರ ಸಿ ಸರ್ಕಾ ಆದರೆ ಇಡಿ ಕು ಇರಾಸ್‌ಸೆರಾರ್ಷ್ಯಕರಾಣಾ ಬರ್ತ್‌ಡೇ ವಪ ಸದೀರಾರಾರ್ಷರೂ ಬಾ ನಿಶ್ರಿ ನಿಯ ಆಾಾಕತ್‌ರರತ ಇವ್ರ ಆಲಿ ಲಾವ ಬಾಾತತ-ರ್‌ಔತಾ ಆದ ಆಡರಣ್ನು ವನು ಕು ದಾರಾ ಹಣ. ; ಇಸ್‌ \| ಇಡು ಬಾ ಆಜರ್ಜಾದದಿರ್ಕಾ್‌ ಜಳಕರಿ5ದ ಸ್ಫೆಂು ಆರರ್ಜಾದ್‌ರಂ “ಹಾಸಾಣಸ ಇಷ್ಟಾಗತೊ. ನ್ಕಕೌೇರಪಳ್‌ಲಳ್ಟಿ ರ೧ಿಖರಾಜರದ ಡವ ಆಕರರರದ ಆತು ಪ ಪು ಬಜ ಜಾ ್ಮ ೩ಇಧ್ಣನತೆೇಸೊಿ ರ ಕಡಸ ಇತು ತಜಿ ಪ್ಪ ಸಸರ್ಥಷೆ ಧಪ್‌ತ್‌ವರ್ತಕಾರಾರ್ಕವ್‌ಡ' ಇಆರರರ್ಜಾತರ್ಯಿಸಿದ ನಷ್‌ಕರಾಂ ಇನಿ ತಾ ಎ ಇ ಮಿ ಳ್ಳ “ಷಭ ರ ಇನು ಇಸರ್ಗಾಡಸಸ್‌ಹರ್ಕರವನ್ನ) ದಾ ಕ್ವಶ್ಟಾ ಾರಾಾರ್ಕಾ್‌ 'ಕೌಷಕಾವ್ರೂರ್‌ಷ್‌ ಜ್‌ ತಾ 1 ಜೇ ಇರ್ಕಹ ಇಡುತ್ತ ಇರ೯್‌್‌್‌ ಇತ್ರ ರ್ಯಣಾನಗ ಇರ್ಮದಲುಹಿತ್ಯವ' ಜಾರ್‌ ಷತತ್ರೆ ಇಣದರಾಾಬಗಹಾರರ್‌ ಇಂ: ಪ್ರ-ವೂರಹೂಾರ್‌್‌ಹ್‌ ಇರವರಾಸಿಸಾ ರಯ ತಾಜ್ಯ 3 ಸುವರಾಹ ಇರಾ ಸತ್‌ ಡ್‌ ತ್ಕ್‌ಶ್‌ಾಸ ಜ್ನ ಸ್‌್ಯಾತಾ। “ಇಷ್ಟಿಸ್‌ವ ಜ್ಯ ರ್ಯಾ ಆರ ಆಹರ ಮೀರಾ ವರ್ಯಾರಾರಾಹದಿ, ಜಟ (ಘಾಸಿ ನ್ಟ ಎ ಹಟಾ ನಾಯರು ಆರರ ಸರಾ -ರದಾರ್ಯಾರಾ್‌ ಗ ಜಿರ್‌ತಿ, ಆರ್ಯಾ ಸಷ (ತಡೀ ಜ್‌ 0 ಸತು) ಳ್ಳ ಓ-ಸಡರ್ಯರ-ಎರಿ ಮ್ಮಾ ೇತ್ರಸರ್ಟೋಡರ್‌ಒಂಇವನರ್ಜಾಸ್‌ರರಷ್ಟಂ ಟದ. ಇ5-ಇರಲ್ಗಿರಸಾಾ ಆಮು ಆಂ ನರನ ಸರ್ಜನರ ರಾಣ್‌ ಶಿಪ್‌” ಕ ಹತ ಇರಿ ಊಂ ಬ ಜು! ಲಾಸಷ್‌ಸ್‌ಷು ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟ: ಸಜ ಹ್‌ಫರ್ಜಾ್‌ ಸ್ಹಹಣ್ಣ ಡ್ರು-ಷ ಸವ ಮರದ -ಷ್‌ರರಣಾ ಆಷ್‌ತರಾಜಷಾ ಇರಲ ಈವ ತ ಜಿಇರಕರಾಸರರು ಭಷ ಕಳಗೆ ಸಾಮಾ ಗು? ಷರ್ಯ್ನದ ಜಾಯ ಹ ಇ ಜಾ 0೫ ಆದರರ ರಾಸರಾಣಾರಾರಕ್‌ವಾಣಾ ದರ ನಡಿ ಆಟ್‌ ಚಡ್‌. “ಹಸ್ತದ ಎ ಆಸಿತ ಆ! ಜನದ ಸತ್ತಾಗ ೬ತಷನ್ಟು ಎದ್‌ ಾ ಖಾಾರಾಕತದ ಕ್‌ ಆಡರಾರಷರತಿ \| ಇಷ್ಟೆ ಪ್‌ಕಾಸರ್‌ಾ! ಜಾಸನಿಇರಾರ ಪರಾ ಸಸಾರವರ್‌ ತ ಷಡ! ಒಬ ಇರರ ತ ಭಾಹಡ್ಟಣು ಆರ್ಜಿತ ಇರರ್ಜಾವ-ಡವಮು ರಡ ರಾಾರಾ ನಾಡಾಸ ಸಾ ಇ ಜಸ” ; ಇ ನೇತಾರರ ಆಾರವರೂವರಡೆಲ ಇತತ ಒಟು ಸು ದು ನಸಡರ್ಥ್ಸತಕಇಕಹಂಸಯಾಸೂ, ನಜ ತಪು ನದ್ದು ನಿಂ ಜಾ ಎರಕ ರ್ವ ಆಸ ಇಷ್ಟ ಆಉವಾಯಿ ಆರಾಮು ಣಿ “ಇಸರ್ಯಷದ ರಾ ಎ ರಾತ್‌ ಆಎಂಳಾತಿ ಆಅಾಷಾಸ್ಯ್‌ಮ್ಯೂ ಕ ಇಷು ನಮಾಡ್ಕೊ ವಕು ಎ ಭು ನಿಡರಾರಷ ಬಟು ಬಹು ಸಮು (ಲನಾರವರಾಸ ರಾಗ, ಬಾವಾ 0 ಇರಾಹಷ ಕ ಇವೆವರಾದರ್ಥಕ್‌ಕರಾರ್ಯಹುರ್ಗಾಸ ಬಲರಾಮನ (ಸ ನಡಡಿತಿ-ಇತೆತಗಹ್‌ಡತ್‌ಎರ್ಜಸಾಡ್ಕ ಇ್ವಾರಯ್‌ಪ್ವನಾಸರಿಬರರಾಣ (ಸ ಸಧ್ಲ್ಯತೂಸ್‌ಷಗ ಷಷ್ಟ ಉಹ್‌ ಕಾನಾಳಲರಿದೆ ರವರಾಂ ಸಣ ಇ "ಷ್‌. ಆನಸಾರಷದೇರಾಾಇಗಹಪ್ರ್ಯಳರಾರಾಾ ಹ ಅ-ಮ್ಟೂಡಿತ್ರ-ವಳಲ್ಲಷಾ ಇ ಆರ್ಯ” ಜುಗ ಕಾದರವಲ್ಲ್ಲಗರ ಕುಸಾತವ ಕಲ್ಣರಹ್‌ತಕೆ-ಾಕ್‌ ಹರ್ಷಿಕಾ ಕುರಾವರಾರಜ ಆಯೀಪಿ ಇಪ್ರಸರ್ಭೂಸಸಬಾರ್ವಕ್ರಾಸ್‌- ಮಾಜ ಬಾ ತಾಸು ಬಾ ತು [ ಹರಡಿ ಇಸ ಕಾ ಕಾಕತಿ ಸಾಕ ಮಜರ್‌ ಬಾಬನ ಬು ಮಾ ಸರು ಇತಿ ಆಸಯಿಸವಸಸರಾಸಸೊಂಡಂ ತಿ ಕರಾದನಸ ಕ ಅವಗ ಕ್ರ್‌ಪೌರ್ಮವಳಾಲಕಾಸುರವಳು್ಲು. _ಉರರಾಹಲೆಸರ್ವನಿಜಿ ಹಾ ಇರ್ಲಮಾಧರರಷಲಸ್‌ಹ್‌ ಇರವ ತ್ರ ಭಂಜ ಆರೆ ಪ್ರೋರಸ್‌ಕ್‌ತರ್ಕ್ಯಾರ್ಣಹ ನಡನಲ ಚ್ರಾಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲು ಜಾ ಸು 1 ಕ್ಕಿ ಜು ಭ್‌ ( 1 ಸು €ಾೌಗ್ಳಿ ಆಷ್ರಾಸಾಳ್ಯವೋಟ ಲೀಪಿಗಗರಾಸಾರವರಗಜ ಐಂ ಉ ಆಸರೆ ಠ್‌ ರುಂ ಧ್ರವ \| “ಸ್ರ ೪೯ೃೈ ಹಾ ನ ಸ ಡ್‌ ನರ್ವಾತಿ -ನೆನಂಗಸರ ಸನಿ ಮು ಅ ಲಾಗ್‌ ಇದ ಇಾತೆರ್ಷಷನ್ಕೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲ ಸಟ ಜ್‌ ಠಡಾರಾದ ಕಪ್‌ ಇನ್ನಾರ ರಾತ್‌ ಜಾತಿ ೧ಬಿರಾರ್ಯದಾತಿ 1 ಆ ಬಿನ ಜು ಇರರು 9 ದರ್ಯಾ ) ಇಇ. ಜಾ ಇ ್ಪ ಸ ಡಿಸ್ಣಾಸ ಸಲಿಸೆನಾ ನರ್‌ಕ್‌ಕತಸ ಟಾ ಬ್ರ ರಜಯ ಲ -ಡೀಷರತವ4ಿ ಆಕರ ರಾದ ಯಾಂ: ಉನ ಕ ಗು ರ್ಯ: ಪರಿಇತಾಗಕಲ “ಇ 9 ಇರಾರಿಇಣುಳ್ಣು ಸ್‌ ಇತ್ಯರಹ್‌ವ್‌ಕ್‌ಸ್‌ ಸರಾರಷ್ಯಾವ' ಮು ರಾರಾ ೧ಜ ಇಇ ಡ್ಣ್ಯ ಇಡ-ಇನೀಯಿ ಇರರ ನ್‌್‌ ಜಂ ಮಸೆ ದ್ರರಾವ್‌ರರರ್ಸಸ್ಟ್ಯಾರ್ಣದ್‌ಸರಾಗ ವಾರಾಹ ರಾಸರ-ಷೂಡ ನಾ ಇತಿ ಎಂದಿ ಕಷೂಂಡ! ಯಾ ಆಲಿ $ ) ದರಗ ಷ್ಟ ಲಾಜಿರಾಸಾಮಮನೆ ನಮಲ ಐ ರಾಷ್‌ ಇದಿ ಬರ್ಮಾದ ಸ್ತಿ ಅಮರ್ಕಾತ್‌ ತ್‌ ಹಬ ಷ್‌ ಇದರದನ್ನಆ ಅಾರರಾರಾನ ಬ್ರಾರ್‌್‌' 1 ಫೆ ಮುಕಾರ್‌ ವಾಸ ಪ್ರಳ್ಳರರ್ಷರ್ಪದ್‌ ಸು ಗರ, ಕ್ಕೆ ಇ ಕಇಷ್ಟಳೇಷೇಸ್ಟೂ ಆ ರಾಲಿ ವಾಲು ಷು ಆರರಾರಾಜಂರಿಸಾ ಚ ರಾ ಚಾ ಜು \| ರ್ಥತ ತ ಅಲಾ ಇಸ್‌ ಆಸ್‌ ಇ. ಸಾಯು ಇ ಕಾಡ್‌ ಛು ಸಜನಿ. ರರಾಜ ಇ ಇತ ಉಮುಷ್ಯ ಣ್‌ ಮ ಹಾ ಹಾಜಿ) “ವಾರು ಭರ್‌ ದ್‌ ರಿತ ವ್ರಾಣಸಯತವ್‌ವರ್ಮರಗ ರ್ತ ಸರ್ಯಿಜೇ ಬ ರರ್ನಕಿ ಇರಾ ರಾರು ರಾವರ ಜರ್‌ ಮ ಸ್‌ಸ್ಕ್‌ಾಕ್‌ ನತ ಶ್ರೀಗಳ ಕು ಗರರ್ಷಾದಳ್ಳಾಮ್‌ ದ ರ್‌ಸಾಸ್ಟ್ಯುಕ್‌ಕ್ಲೌ ಜಾ ಆಜ್ಮಿ ತಿಕವು ಇಇ ರುುರ್‌ಜು ರಾ ಪಿರ ಇಸಸರ್ಪರಾಸು/ ೪ ಸರ್‌ ಸ ್‌ದ್‌ ಕ್ಕ ತ್ತ ತಲ್ಲು ಸಲ್‌ ಹ ಹ್‌ ಸ್ಸ್‌ಈಃ ಇ ಇಬೀರಾಪ್ರ್‌ ಆ ಆ-ಸವರಯವ್‌ಡ್‌4! ಇತ್‌ ಪ್ಫು ಆನಿ ತಾವ ಬ ಇ ಯು ಜ್‌ ಆಯೆ ಇತ್ತರು ಆರಮ್‌ಜಸಿ ದ ನರಾಹಕೆ ರ ದ್‌6' ;ಇಸ್‌ಹಾಇಷ್‌ಎದ್‌1 ಗಾಸರಾಸ್‌ರರರ ಗಾಯ್‌ ತಾ) ಬರ್ಕ್‌ ] ಪಾಲ ಆರದ ರಸಜ್‌ಸೇಠಾ್‌ಸ್‌ಂ -ಇಸರಿರಾವರಾನೆಂಡಸ ಕಾಸು ಎರಡು ಸ ಸನಿ ದ್ವಿಣತುನ ಭ್ಯ ಜಾ ಜು ಜಯ ್ಫ್ಬ ಇರರ ವಾಲೇ ) ಆರತ ಸರ್‌ ರಕ್‌ ಇರರ ಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರಾ ಫಿ ಅರಸ ಇನಿಸಿಕೊಳಾರು ಹಡಪ ಇುಷ್‌ಕೇರ್ಗದ ಬ ಆಜೇರಕು ಜೆ ವ ಚಂ \| ತು ಪಸ ರನ ಐಎ ದಸರದ ಇದ; ಗಸ ಸ್‌ ಅವ ನ! ಇಷಾ ಜಸು ಸಾ ವಾ್‌ ಸ್‌ ರ್ಮ್ಷಷಗ॥ಿ 4 ? “ನ ರದಿ ಸ) ಇನ್‌ ಹ ಬಿ ಇದು? ಪರಿ ನರಿ ೫ ಹತ ನಗರುರ್ಯರಾರ ನಾಂ ಸಾ] ಹ ನ್‌ ಸ ಆದ್ರು ಳು ಡಿ ಆವ -ರಜೆ ಆಜು ಜು ಆ ರಾರಾಾನರಿೂ ಯರ ಇವತ್ತು ಆರಿದ್ರ 1 ಭರೇ ಏತ್‌ ಸ ಸತು \| ವ _ ಆ ಲ ಆ ಇಷ ಕಾ ಮಾಸ ಚ ಟಿ ಹಾ ಆ ಇ ಸರ್ಪೋ ಷಡ ಸ ಷ್‌ ಎಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಜೆ ಇ” ಸೋತಫಾಷ “ಹಾರಿ ಇರ್‌ ದ್ಯ ಡೆ ಜ್‌ ದ ವಂರಾರಿಕೆಡಇ ಓಡಸಾಜುರ ಆಸೆ ಗಡ ವಿ3 ಗೆ ಸೀರ ಇರ್‌ ಹತ್ರ ಸಾ ಬಾಡಿ ದ್ರಾ ಇ ಕಜ ಸ್ಟಾ ಳಾ ಇಂ, ಯಜ ಜಾ ಒ ದರಾಸೂಳರಾ ಕ್‌ ಇದ 54, ರುಷ ರರ್ಯಯು ಪಂ ರರಾಜ ಅದರೆ ಬೆ ಕಾ ರುಸಗಿದ ಇ7-ಹಡ್ರಗಡೆ ಸಾರು ಇ್‌ಇ/ಧ್ರಿಣಸ್ರಿ ಬಾಬ ಮಾಡಿಡಿ“ ಸಮಿಪ ಆತಿ ಗ ಸ್ವ ಸರ ಸಸಗ್‌ಲ-ಹು ಶ್ರಿಷಾರಿ- ಗ್‌ಷ್ಟ್‌` ಥ್‌ ಗಾ ೫ ಹಜ್‌ ಹ್‌ ಡು ತ್ರ ಗೆ 7 ಬ ಅ ಯಾ ಲ್‌ ತೆ ” ನ್‌ ಹಾ ಜ್ಜ ಲಾಲ ಅ ಲ್‌ ್ಯ್ಲ ದ್‌್‌ “ಲಾ ಕ್‌ ಾ್‌ ಎ ಸರಾ ದುಡುಕಿ ಆ ಶ್ರ ಬ “ವ್‌ರರಾರಾನರ್‌ ಗ ವಾ್‌ ಶ್‌ \| ತ್ಯ ಜಃ ಇಒ... ಜು ಯಂ ಇೃಸ್ರಾ ಇದ ದು ದಿಕಷ್ಟ (ತಾಸೆ ಭಾಸ್‌ ಸರಿ ಕಾ ಫ್ಹಿರಸ್‌ಫ್ರೆ ಇ ಸತಾ ತರ್ಕ 2. ಲಾ ಇಯ ಳ್‌ (ಷೂಲ್ಸ್‌ ಸ್ನ ನ ನಿ್ಜ್‌ನಡಿ-ರಿಮಾ ತ್ಯ ನಾ ದಿವ್‌ ವಿಸ್‌ಸಸಿಇಸಿತ್ತಾರರ್‌ವಡರಾಸಿಕಿ ಮಂದಿ ಷ್‌ ಸ ಫಿ ಕ ಅಷ ಇ ೫ ಇರವ) ಇರ್ತ ( ತ್ರ ಆ ಲ 6 ತ್ರಿ ಸರು ಇಸ 4ಇಸಕಕ್ಷಷ್ಟರ್ಫಾ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಆರಿಸದ ಸ ಕ್ಕ ಇತಾನಾಾರಾವ ಮಾತ ಸ ರ್ಯಾಶ್‌ ಹಭಿಇಡುತಾ್‌ ವದ ರು ಳ್ಳ” ರಾ, ಅಐ- ತಾಜ ರೆೋೋರ್ಟಾ ಹತಾ 2 ನ್‌್‌ ನು \| ರ್‌ ರ ಲ ನ ಛ್ರಾ ರಾಯ ರಾರಹಾಿಕೆ ಉಗಿ ಇ ಜ್‌ ಒಧಿಕವ್‌ವಗಿ ರ್ನ ಸಾರಕ ಹರಾರದ್‌ದಾಸಾಸ್‌ ಡಿ ಸವ್ಯದಿ ಕ್ರಯ -ಅಾಳಾಲಿನ ಹಿ “ಇ ಇಷಾ “ರದಿ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ರ್ಯ ಮ ಸ್ಥಿ ದಾದ ಷು ಸ್ಟ್‌ -ನರ ಸ ಆನೆ ಸಾಲ್‌ ಇೋತಿ-ಔನೂ ಜಾ ಆರೋ ಕ್ತ ಎಮು ರಡ ತೂಗಹೊಡೈರ್ಪಾಕವರಾದಿ ಸ ತು ರಾಹುತಹೂ »ತಸೇಂದು ಮಾಪ್ರಷಾಾರ-ದರಕಭಸ ಭರ್ವಡಿ, ಗ ಇಂದ ೯ ತ ಕ ರ್ವಾಸಸೋದ ಡಿ ತಿಕ್ಕ್‌ಷ್ಕ್‌್‌ ಸರಲ ವಂ ಇಸರದ್‌ಸನಿ, ವೀಕ್ಷರರೆ ಈ ರಾಡತಿ ಆಡ ದ ಇಸಸಾಸ ಯು ಮ, ದರ್‌ ಸಸರ ಇಹ್‌ಇಸಿವವ್‌ಸ್‌ಸರರಾಸ ಎ ಕ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಇರ ಇಸ ಅರ್ಥ ಇರಿ ಇದನ ಇಸುರರಕ್ರಾರಾಹ ಇ] ಆನ ಹ್‌ಕಡಿಂ ರಸರಾಗ ಇವರ್‌ ೯ಷ್‌ಸಬರ್ಥಿನೆ -ಇಲ್ಛಯಾತ ಇಸಾ ಟೆ ಕುಂ ಆರಾರರಾಸರೀಮ್‌ಗನ' ಸಾಚಾ ಷ್ಕರರ್ಮಡಸಿ ತು ಆಯದ್ದುತಾಾ ಸಜ ಬುಸು ಬು ಫಾ ಚು ಸರದರ ಬಾಕರ್‌ ಮಾಡ ಇದ್ಯೊಳುಸಾಾಕಾಡಯಸು ಬಾಪ್‌ ಯೂಆತ್‌ಹಾ ಸ ಸ ಇದಾರ ನಾವೆ ರಡೂ” ಈ ರಾವ್‌ ಜಷನಿಇನರಿ್ದ ಜಾರ ಸು ಆಇ ಡ್‌ ಹ ಧ್ರ ಃ ಬ ದ ತ ಜು, ಸ ರ್ಮ್‌, ಆಹು ಇಮಾ ಅಾವ್‌ಕ್‌ಷಸರಾಷ್ಯ೨ ಸರ್‌ಸಸವ್‌ರಾವರಾತನಿ ಸ ಜು ಕ ಯಕ ಕ ; ದಲ್ಲಿಯ್ಲ ಬ ನಾಂರಾಾರರಾಸಯ ಟಿ ಸಾ ೫ ಇಂಷ್‌5ರ-ಸಾಃ ಇತ್ತ್‌ ರ್‌ ್‌ಸಲ್ಯರಾತೆ ತ್‌ ೯ ದ್ಕು ನು 5 ಸಾಸ್‌ ಇ! ಕ್‌ ಕಾ ಪ್ರರ 4ಂ.ಿಷ-ಡೂ ನಡಸ ಸರ್ಜಾಾಮಾತಿ ಬ ಯಂ“ ಶೆ ಎ ಎ ಇ.ಆಿ್‌ ಸ್ನ ನಗಲ ಗನ್ದ ಇ ಲ್ಯಾ ಲ ನ್ಗ ಕ್‌ 1 ಸ 3 ಲಾ ಆ ಕೆ ಯಿ ಇ್ಲರ್ವಾಡಲಿಡ ನಳ್ಳಿ ಈ ರರಾರ್ಮಾತ್ಯರಾಸರಾಸರುರನಿ, ಈ ಚಾನು ಅಚಸಾ ಬು ಕೆ ಬಾ ಅ ಲ ಕಾ ತ ಟೆ ಭ್ರ ಈ; ಮ ಹಾ ೯ ಜಗಳ ಗೌ ಎಕಾ ಜಾರ್‌ ಕ್ಟ ಬ. ೫. ಹ್ಹ ಸ ದ ಎ ನ್ನ್ನ ತಾ \| -ಭಾರರಾಾಾರುಂ ದಿರತಿಳ್ಲಿ ರರಾಜ ವಾರಸು ಣರ ಕು ಕ ನ್‌್‌ಾ್‌ ಕಜ ಇಗ್ಲೂ ವಷರ್‌ ಳ್‌ ಇ 2 ಟ್‌ 21 ಸೈ ಸತ್ತ ಸ ಜಡ ಬ ಲ ಇ ಅರರ ರರಷಾಗರಹಿ ಎಂರರಾರಕನವಾಷಾ ರಾಮಾ ರಾ ಹಿ ಇ; ಒತ್ತೆ ಸಿವಾ; ತ ಇರ್ಕಷಮು ಮಾ ಸಳಾದಮ್ಮ ಸ ಹಾ ತ್‌ ಬ ॥ ತ ಕರಕ, ಹಸು ದ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಉನ ಜ್‌ ಸ್ಪಾ ನವರ್ಯರ್ಯಾನ್ನಿ ಎರಾ ಉರಂದಲತ್‌ಕೆೌಇಂಗಡಸರಾತ ತ. ಇ ಡೈ ರಾವ ಮರ್‌ ಸು ಇಲಾಹಿ ಇಗತ್ತ್ರಾ ಸ್ರ ಸ್ರ ನರರಿಷರ್ವಾಕಸುಣ ರಾತ್‌ವನಿ ಇರ್‌ಣ್‌' ಹ ಳು ನಿ-ದದಿನಸ? ಬ ಇತ್‌ ್ಟದ್ಯೂಲಾತ್ಥಾಳತೆರನಇ ಇಸಡಿಇಇಒರಯಿ ಬಾ ` ನಿಷ್ಟಿತಿಕಳ. ತ ತ್ನ ಜಂ ಯ ನಎಾವರ್ಯಾಷೂ ದ್ರ ನ ಇರಾ ಹ್ವರ್ಯಗಲ ಯ ಬ ರ್ಬ್ರಕ್‌ಸಜ ಅ--ರುಂ) ಆಜಡಾರಹ್‌ಡ್‌ಡ್ಯಳ ಜು ಇಂಕು \| () ಹರ್‌ ಕಾಯಾ ನಾರದ ಮಾ ನ ಸ್‌ ದರೇಸಜರಾರಹಿ ರು ತ ಬ ಕಡ। ಬ್‌ ಕ್ದಾ ಇಲ್ಲವೆ ನಡಸಕ್ಕೊಫ್ಯಿದ್‌ನು. ತ ಇಗ ೫ರ ನರರಾರಡಿ ಜಲ ಇ್ಕಾಇ ರರ್ಣಾರ್ಹರಾಾ ಕೌ ಬಾತಿ \| ಅ ; ೨) ಹಡತ ಡಿ ಹಾವ್‌ “ಇಲ್ಲ ಜ್ರ ವಾ ದ ಸೆ ಔರಾದ್‌ ಇ \| \| ಜಾ ಸ ಬಂ ಸಾ ಆಾಸ್‌ಮ್‌ರ್ಕಹಾರವಗತಿ ಜಾ ಇಷ್ಟೆ ಎಸದರ ಬಾವ ಇಂತಾ ರಲ, ಬಿವಿ ಭಡ್‌ರವಗೆ ಓಸೊಡಿಿ ಮುರಾ ಳ್ಳ ಬರ್‌ ಲ್ಲ ಬದರಾ ಸರ್ಗ ಪಸ ತ್ತಾ ಚಾರ ನರ್ಮೀಿನ ಎ \| ಇಾಸಗಸ ಇಂಗೆ ಸ್ರಾರ್‌ನ ರಾರಾ ಸಾ ದರರರಾಲಯಿ ಇನ ಪಂ ತ ರಸ್‌ ಕ್ಕ ಒಂತೆ ( ಇ ೪5 ಕರ್ಕಾನಿ ತೀನಿ ಆಾರಟ ಕುರಿತು ಇತ್ತಾ ನಿ ಛುಸಇಷ್ದ ಸ ಇುುರಿಗತರ ಜ್ರ “ಇಷ ಇದ ಜಿ) ಕ ತ ಕೆ ! ಜರಿ ಉನ ಜಾ ಗಾಯಕ ಬು ಬಾ ಇರೊ ಹೆ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಾಪೆರ-5 ರಯ್‌ ರಾಕಾ್‌ಕ್ರೂಾ ರಾಷ್‌ ನ ಸೂ ಇ ಕಲಳ ಇ್ರಾಸಡ್ಗಿ \| ನಡ” ತೆ ಎ ಅರ್ಕಾ ತ ಇಳಸರಿಯತಸ್ಸು ಕ್‌ ಸ ಅತ ಹಾರು 2 ಡಿ ಆರೆ ಇ ಡ್ಯ -ೀಸ್‌ಕಳಿತ್ತಿ 1 1 ಇಮಮ್‌ ಪುಸಿ ಯೆ ನಭ ನಾರ್‌ಶ್‌ರ್ಯಾಾ ಆಷ್‌ವ ಅರಸಿ ದಿಎಂತ್ತರಿ ೮ ಕ ಷ್ಟ ಇಂ ೈ ಜಾ ಡರು ಲೇ ಯಾ ಲತ್ತ ನಿಯೋ ಕೆ ಯಡ ನರ್‌ ಜ್‌ ರರರಣಡೆ ಲತ ಆಹಾ” ಹ ಮ್ಮ ಜಾ ಹಿಕ ಜ್ಞಾಾರ್ಯು” ಷ್ಟ ಲೆ ಸ ಇ ಇಲ್ಲು ನಿ ಉಚ ಟ್‌ ಸನ್ರರ್ಯತ್ಟ್‌ ಕ್ಮ \|\| ಸೆ ಡ್‌ ತೇ ಡಲ ಹು ರಕ ಸರೆ ಆ ಜದ ನಸ ದ್ರ “ಮಸ” ಕ್‌ ಬಾ ಬಾಯ“ ದ್‌ ಭಂಟ ರಾ ಕ, ತ್ರೀಮಿ ಇಪೂಾತ3ಸಹರು,' ಇಕ್ಮತಂಡಾಹ' ಐವರ ಆ ನ್ಯೂ \| ಇ್ಯ್ಮಾ್‌ ಆಾಪ್‌ಹಾಷ್ಟ್‌ ತರಿಮುಾ-ಹಡಿ ಸಮ ಜಸತ ಇರಾ ರಜ "ಷೂ ಇರೇರ್ಪನಯಿಭವಉಸರಿ ಹಾಜಿ ಇ ಧತನಿ ಣರ ಗ ಸ್ರ ಮ್ಮಕೆಯಲಾಹದಿತೂ. ನಾಸ್‌ ನ ಯಾತಿ -ನಜಸಿಷ್ಟಿ ಇನಿ ಇ ಗ್‌ ಇದುಧ ಷಾ ಆ-ಹಣತ್ತು ಸೈಗ್‌ಸಹಗವ್ಟ್‌್ನ ಸಧ್ಯಸ್ಟಾ ಬಾ ಇಂಕ್‌ ಸ್ತ್ರ ಅಂ 8 ಇ ವಜ ಸ್ತು ಬಡಿವ ತತ್‌ ಇ ಕ್ನೊಸ್ಳಿ -ಸರಸರ್ಜಕೂಮ್ಳಿನಳನ ನಇಮ್‌ಕೌ್‌್‌ ಸ5 ನ ಮು ಮರಾಡ್‌ವಾ ಶಾ 7ಸ್ಟ್ಯಸಇ-ರ ಇವೆ ರ ಗತ 2 ಇಸ ತ್ತರಿರ ಕ್ಣ್ಮ ಸ್‌ ಲ್ಗೆ ಹಾ ಲ \| ಇಲಸರ್ಮಾತ್‌ಾ್‌ೆ ಸ! “ಸೀರದ ನೀರೂ ಆತ್‌ ಯಹಷ್ಟ ರಣ್‌ ರಜನಿ ಎಕ ಓರೆ ಕ ರಾ್‌ ಸಾದರ ಸಾಬ ಮ್‌ ಹತ್ತ \| ಜಾ ಕ ಕ್‌ ರ್‌ ಆಕಿ ಕ ೈ ಇರಾಡ್‌ಪ್‌ಹರ ಕಡವ ತ ತ ಹು ಬು ಹಸರ ತ್‌ಇ-ತ( ಇ) ಕರಾಳ ಉಸ್ರು ಜ್‌ ಆಉುಇಾಕ್‌ಧಾರಿ-ಸಇಆಗಿಉನನಿ ಮುಳ್ಳ ರ್ಯಾಲಿ. ಇಡೋ ರಾ್‌ಾ್‌ ಇನ್ಬಾವ ಲಾಯ್‌” ಸಾ ಜವಗ ಇ ಇ ತ್ರಾ ಆಜೂ ಜೌ ್‌ ಪಣಾವ್ಯ ನ ರಸಸ್‌ಸರಾಸಕಹಂದ್ಯಲವಲ "ತ ತ ಘಡ ನರಾ ಕ್‌ ಲ್‌ ಜಿ ಸ ದ್ರಾ ಸ ಸಃ ತ್‌್‌ ತ್ತಿ ಗ “ಇಸಿ ರಮೇಲ್ಲಾ್‌ನಯೊಸ -ರರಾ-ಕಾಸನಿ, ನಿಸಾ-ದ್‌ಹ ಇಂಡನಿನಾಲ್ಲು “-ಕನೀಿರ್ಟಾಕ ಇಳ್ಛಹರೂೊ”- ರಾವು ಕಟ್ಟ ೫ ೧ರಾರಯು ಆರ್ತ್ಪಾದ' ತರ್‌ನಿಂಷರು ಈೀಲ ಸ್ನಗಷ್‌-ಷೆವಸಗೆ ಇಾಸಸೆೊರ್ಗಯಾ ರ್ಯಾಷ್‌ಹ। ದ ಜ್‌ ಎ ಇನು) ಇಷ್ಟಡಇ್‌ ಬ "ತ ಅ ದಾದಾ 2೪ ಏಕ ರ್ಥ ತರಹ ಲರ್ತಸೆ ದ ಗಸಿಆರುಇಸರಷ್ದೇ '೧೯ಹನಿ ಇತ್ಯಾಡ್ರಾ” ಜು ( ಪ್ರ “ಷೂ ಷಿ: ಇಹ್ಕರ]ಾಇ೯- ಸ ಸಾ ಸಾರ್ಸ್‌”; ಡದ ಜು ಬ “ಲ ೫ ಲ” ಈ ಸ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಇರತಹ ತ್‌್‌ ಇಬ ಗಿ ಇತ್ರರು ಲಾ ಷ್ಟ ಡೆ ನ ಇದಾ ಜ್‌ ಮಾಚಿ ನಷ್ಟ ಕಡಿ ರಾಳ ಷ್ಟ” ೯ ಕ್ಸ ಶ್ರ ಳ್ಳ “ಭಿ ಲ ಸ ಖ್ಯ 'ರಾ-ಡ್‌ದಕ್ಕ ತತಾ ಔವಿಆ ಹುಜು ಇರಾವನ ಅಭಾ 5 ಕುಚ“ ಇರೋೋಳಗನೇಷ್ಟೇರ-ಡೂ್ಗಳ” ಇ ಆಸರ ಜಸ _ಡಾ) ಉುರ್ಸ್ಷರಿತನೆ ರ್ಜ ಲ್‌ ಜ್ತ ಇಷಗಾಲ, ಒರ ಷಿ. ಇಹ ತ್ಯಜ ನಸು ಡ್ರ್ಪ ಷೆ ೬ರ” ಇ ಜ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ಪರರ ಇಂ್ರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್‌ ಆ ರ್ಥ. \| ಇಇಡ್‌ವ್‌್‌ಿಕ್‌ ಎ3 ಪ ಮು ಸು ಯು ರ ಇ [ಸು ಜಾಜ್‌ ತ್ರ ಕುಲವಳ್ಳಿ ಮೋವ್‌ ಕ್‌ಮ ಬ್ಬ ಇ ಬ ಉ ಜೀ ದರ್ಶಿ ಇರ್ಮೀಪಷ್ತುಡಿ ವಹಿಸ ಇಯು ಕ್ಯ (2 ಕ ಟ್‌ ಕೆ ಬ್‌ ತ್‌ ದೆ ಸ್ರ ಸ ಶ್ರ ಎ ತ ನ್‌ಂ” ಕಲತ ಬರಸ ಹು ಕಾ ಇಷ್ಟದಿತ್‌ ರಾರ ನೀನ ಸ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ಕ್‌ ಸಾ ೫೨ ಳ್‌ ಯು 1 ವ್ಯಾಪಿ 3 1 ನಾಸ್‌ಹೇರ್ಲಾಣ್ನ್ಷಾ ಇರ ತ್ತಾನು ಇಲಾರರಾಜಗನರಿ ಆಷ್ಟ ಸ್‌ ಇಕ್‌ ಗಷುರನೆ ಎಪಿ ಸಾ ಷಾ ಜ್‌ ಕಾ ಷಃ ರ್ಷಾರಸರಾಳಲ್ರತಿಶಿ-ರ್‌ಸ.ದರತ್‌ನ ಾ ಸ್‌ 4. ಹಿರಿ ಶಿಲಣೆನ ಜತೆ ಕ ಇಆರ್ತ್‌ಷ ಜು ಸು ದ ಬ ಹಾ ಇಂ ಇತು ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ತ ಸು ರಾಷೂರಿಗ ಲನ 5 ಳ್ಳಿ `ಾರಾ್‌ಾ್‌ ಈ ಸ ಇ ಸೆ 8 ಕರು ೧೫ ಇಂದನ ೫ ಜಾನೆ ವಾಕ್‌ಸರಾಸ ಹ ಜ್ಯಾ] ಬಾರಿ ಹ ಜಾರ್‌ 6 ಷ್ಗ್‌ ಇನ ನ್ವ ಇ ಚು ಇ ಚ ಎಷ ನಾ ರುಡಿ ಹಾಜಿ ಸಚಿ ಇುಜಾಸಣ್ಟಿ ಮ್‌ ಭರೋ ಯಿ ಎ1 ಬಾಯ (೦ಡಿ ಯಾ ಳ್ಳ ಎ “ಎರರ್‌ ಬಜ ಯ ್‌ ಓಜಿತ ಸನಾ ೨ಸಾಡ್ಕೇಫಾ ೧ ಗಗೂಇರ್ರಾ ರಾಕಹತೆ ಇವಾ ನಿ ಷರ ಕಾರದ ಕಾಲಾಕಷ್ಟು ಇಸಯರಾವಳ್ಳಗಷ್ಟೊ ಲಾಗ್ತಾ ಇ ಭಿತೆಾದೂಸದೆ ಜು ಅಯ್ಯೂ ರಾಣಾ ರು ಇರ್‌ ಯ ಯಸ ಹ \| ು ವಿರಹ: ನಾರ ಕಾರ್‌ ರ ರಾರವಗಾರರರಾಡರಯ ಇಸಿ ರತನ ಒರಿ (ಎಡ ಬಾಸಸ್ಥಾಳರ್‌ನರಷಲ್ಟು ಸ್ಯ ಗ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ 'ಸ್ರಾರಾನ ಗ ಡಿ ಇರಾರ್ಯಾಡ-ಜ ಆಲ್ಕಜಾರರ್‌ಮಾರಿತತ-ಪರ್ಜಾ್‌ ಎಷ್ಟಗಳ್ಛ ಇರ್ಯಕಣಾತ್ತ ಘ್‌ ನಳದ ಇ _ ಯಿಯರ್‌ ತ್‌ಸರ್ಯಂಸರದಾಂಯರಿರಾಸ-ನ ನರವ ಕ್‌ತ್‌ಸ್‌ಸರಾರಾನಯಣ್ತಷ್ತಿ ಇಷ್ಮ ಉರದು ಜರಕ್‌ಡ್ಟ ಹಾರೆಸೆರರಾಗ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಇತ್ತು ಸತ್ರ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಎತ್ತ ತ್ಯಾತಾತ್ತ ರಿಷ ಕ ೩ ನಾ ದ ಯು . ಸರೋಡಯಿಚ್ಛಾರನ್‌ನ್ಯಾಣಿನಸರಹಸ್‌, ಇದದ ಈ್ಷಸ್‌ ಇಸಾತ್‌ಯು ಪಾರ ದ (2 ರಾರಾ ಜ್ಥಿ ಇಹ್‌ಷ್‌ನಸ್ಸುಣೆ ಆರರ್ಯಾಷೆ ನೀ ಶ್ರೀನಸರಾಲಿಸುಂಡರಾದನ ,ರ್ಜಾಥ್‌ಕೆಂರರ್ಜ ನರಾನಸರಾಸಲಾಣರಾಣಿ ಇವದಿಂರ್ಕ್ಯಿಡ್‌ನತಿ ತೊಳ ಸಡಕಾ ಗಾಜು ಆಡ್‌ರ್ಪಿೇಗಗ್ಗ ಜಾ ಸಜಾ ಜಾಲ) ಬಕರಾ ಮಕಡ ಧೋರುಸ್ರಾ ಬಂದೊರ್ಟಾತ್‌ಸ್‌ಮುರರಿತ್ನ ಇಸ್ಟೇಯೇ ಭ್ಲುಲಾಡಿವ ಮುಡಲ್ಳ- ಯಾಗು ಎರಡ್‌ “ಸಟ್ಟಷ್ಟಿ ಜತೆ (ಕರಇ ಲಾಗರಶ್ಟಾಗಾರಹರನ (ಸ್‌ ರಾರಾ-ಸರ್ವರ್ಯಾಣ' ಕರದ ಶ್ಪಿಸ್ಯಾರೇಷರಕ್‌ಸ ರ್ಟ ೨೨. ಮ ಸ್ರಾರ್‌ರಾಸರಿಕೊಲುರಾಕ್‌ಸ್‌ರ್‌ನಿಂಸ ದಃ ಟೆ ಜ್ರ ನ ಜಾ ಬಳ ಪಾ ಕಗ ಗ ಜು ಎ ಮರ್‌ ಸ ಐಂ [ಸಹಸಾ [ಡ್‌ ನಡುರಾವರ ಯು ಬರಹ್‌ರ್ಷಾರರ್‌ಾ ಹೂಲೇಬೋರ್ಸಾಗ್‌ ಹಡ ಡು ತ್ತಿ ತ! ಸ ಗ ಆ 1] ಕ್‌ ಣಿ ತಡಸ. ಎ೩3 ತಾಯತ ಫ್ರಸರರ್ಣಂಡು ಜಾ ಹ ಇರ್‌ ರಿಂ ಶನ ಹುದು ಇಸಾ ಇ್ಟಕ್‌ಜಾಡಾಇ್ದರ ಇತ್ರ್ರಾನದ ರರ ತಾ ಐಲ್ನಾ ಇಳು ಇನೆಷ್ಣಾತ ಆತದಹಣ್ಣಕೆ ಹಣ ದ್ಕಾಇ ಜ್‌ ಬ್‌ ಸಹನ” ಸಗದ ಇಯ ಇಷಾ ರಾಯಾ ಅಜನ ಚಾ ವ ಸನತ್ಟಾಳ್ಯ? ಇಸಸಿ ಪಾಯ ಇಇ್ಮಾರರಯೀಶಿತನ ನರಕ್‌ಸರಜಾಸಪರ್‌ಸ್ಟ್‌ ತೆ ಇರ್ಯಾರಾಣ್‌ ನ. (ಸು ಜಿ ] ಯಾ ಬುಸು ಬ ಗಡ್‌ ಎ ಗಾರಾಸಾರಾಾಡನಿ ಇಸಿ ಚ್ಯಾ ತ್ರ 2 ಇಜಾಸುಸೊತ್ತೋಯ್ಸೂ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಪ ಇಇರರಾಸಿ ಇಷ್ಟ ಆಹರ ಸಂಡೈಂತ್ನ್ಟ ಹ ಸ ಬಾವಿ ಗ ಚಾ. “ಡಾಹಾಗವ್ರ್‌ ತಾ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ಇರ್‌ ರಕನಇಲ್ಲುಹಕ್ಲೀ ವ್ಯಂಮಾಷರೂ ಪಿನ್ನಿ ಐಮದ್ಜ್ಸಕರವಾರರರಾಷ” -ಆಮಣತೂಾ ಆ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ನ; ತಕ ಕೋ ಯಯ ಪಾಶ್‌ ಳಾ ಡ್‌ ಅಬ ಲೌ ಇದ್ನ-ರಯೀ ಐನಿರರಾಕರರ್ಯಾಂಇಸರಿ ಉಾನರಾಾಡ್‌ಷ ಎ ಜೊತ, ಅಾರಾರಾಹ್‌ಷೊ ಇರ _ತರಾಾಣ್‌ದೌಿ ುಎಷರ್ತಿಷ ರ ನಡ ಂ \| ಇ ರರದರ್ಯಾಗರಾರಾತರಿತರಿ ಆ೫-ರರ-ಸರ್ಥಿಸಷೆಕ್ಟಾಾಕ್‌ವರನ ಮರ್‌ ಆಾಸಾಾಾರಂಹೊಸಾ್ನು ಸಾ ಒ೬ ) ಇತ \| ಸ್ನ ಗ ಸ ಯೀ ಇ ಹಾ ವಾ ಸು ಸ್‌ ನಸು. ರಾಲ್‌ ಆಲ್ಲಿ ತ್ನ್ನ ರಷ್‌ ವಿಸೇಖಸ ಇಾದರ್ಯಾರಾವೂಿ ಐಸು ಆಸೂಸ್ಸಫ್ಶಿಡ್‌ಕು ನಾ ಇತ ಫ್ಯಾ ತಾ ವ್ವಾರಾಾ-ಕಲಾಾ ಎಾರರಾಸರ್ಯಾ ಸ ಮಣ ದಂ ರದರಾಯಾಗಿರುಡ್‌ ರವರ್ಜರಾಾತರ್ಕಾಸ ಕೌ ಇತ ಳು ಎ. ಇಸಾ ಇರವು ಇ ಆರಸುರ್ಣರ್ಸಾಾಸಂಾ ಇಷ್ಟುದ್ದ ಇಲಯ ಇಕಾರಿಯಡಗಯತೆ ಇಕ್ನಣ್‌ ಕ ನವಸಯಿರಾವ್ರಿ ದ ಇವರ್ಡನೆಂಯೊಷ್ದ್ದು “ಲ ಜುಂ ಆ ಇಡೆೇ-ರ್ಮಫಾ ಹುಡಿ ಸಕು ಇ ಐಂ ಇದೂ ಇಡಣಜಿ ಆ ವಿವರವೂ ಮಾಸೂರ ಕೊಳ ಇಷಾ ಇ ೧ರಂದು ಕಾರೇ ಇನ್ನೊ ಆವು ಹರಡಲಿ ಜರದ ಇಯು ಸೆ 0 ಜ್‌ ಉಯುರ್ಥಿ-ಕಾಗ್ರಾ ಸಿತು ಆಜ್ಯ [\| ಇರರ ಇತಕುಎವ್ರಾಗವೊ ಇಲ್‌ ಷ್ಟಿ ಇಲಾದ ಗ್‌ ಇದೂ ಲಿಸ್ಟ್‌ ನೆ ತ್ಯಾ ಅನ್ವರ ರಕ್‌ ಇನಗಾತೆ-ರಚರಿಇ ಇಯ ರಾಜಾಗತ” ಬು ಅ ೋ್ಫಉ 'ಶ್ರ್ರಕರ್ಯ್ಯೂಕಾರಗ್ಗನಸಿ ತ್ರಿಸ್ಟ್ಯಸ ಗ್ರ ಕ್ಷಿ ಜಾ ತರ್ಕ್‌ -ಷರ್ಣದ ಕು ಶೀಂಲಿದ - ನಗರಿ ದ್ರಷಾಾರಿಶಿ ಶತು ಲಸೋಾಡಗತ್‌ರಸಎಾಂಎಸದಿ ತುರಾಸ್‌ಪರ್ಮರಾಸರಹು ಇ ಜು! ರಕ ಆರ್ಥ್‌ ಇ್ರಿ ಸ್ವರ ಜ್‌ ರಾರಾ ಬಸೂ ಷ್ಟ ಇಡ್ರಾಳ್‌್‌ಿ ಶ್ರಿಯವಗಮಿಂತ್ಸ್‌ದ್‌' ಮಜ ಬಾರಾ ಇರ್‌ ಸು ರರಸ್ಷ್ಷನನ್ನಿ ಇ ಅರಾಮ್ಯ್‌ತಿ-ಸ್ಟ್ಯಂಡೆ ಜಾ ತಾಲ ಎಂ ಪ ಫೀ ್ಪೃ್ಷ “ತಾ ಆತು ಕಸ ಜಹಾಂ ಇಸ ಇರು ದು ಹಡೂ ತ್‌ ಧಾತ್ಮಿತೀಸೆಇರಾ* ನರ್ಷ್‌ಾ್‌ರಾಯು ್ರೊಮರಲ್ಗ ಡ್‌ ಮತು ಎರ್ನದರಕಾಇಂ್ಟ ದತತ ೩) ಆಸಾ ಇಡಲ್ಲ ತಯ ಕ್ರತಿ, ಪ ಬ ಉಉದ ಧರಮು ಜಟ ಜಾ ಆವ್‌-ಕಾಲಿತ್ಷಾರ್‌ಷಿ ರೆ-ಸರ್ವಿಯ3ರರವ್‌ಪಣಸರಾತ್‌ಸಿ: ಉಟ ಮ್ಯಾ ಕ ಶಿ 1 ಡೆ ತ್ಯಾ ॥ ಕ “ತ್‌ಪೇನಜತ ಪ್ರಾತ! ಒದಿ ಉದರ ನ್‌್‌ ಇಲ್ಲು ಆಡಿ ಇಸಾರ್ಟವ್‌ಕ್‌ಡ' ಇಾಸಡ್‌ಸ್ಲೈದಾ ಲ್ಭ ಅ್ರಸಸ್ಸ್ಯ ನುತ ನಸೇಸಂರಾಹಷಡಿಸಿ ಇಡು ಐರರಹನಿಸಸ ಬಾ ಐಿನಾಸಕೆ ಆಂತೇತ್ರಸಿ್ಷ್ಯತ್ರರ್‌ಐಾ ಇವರ್‌ ತ ಧ್ಯಸರ್ಲಾಡ್‌ತೆ ನಾ ಇಷು ಕ ಎನ ಇಎರ್ಕಕಾರಳದ್ದಾಗು ಇರ್ಯುವದನನು! ಹಿ ಜಯ ` ಇನು ಆಡಂ ರಡಿ ಇತರ ಲಯ“ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಸಜಾ ಎುರಾರಷದಾನಿತ ಜಹಿ (ರ್ಯರರಾರ್‌ ಇನಿ ಇ ಹ ಇ[ಹುಂಸು ಬು 2 ಬು ಮಮಾ ಸ ಹತ ಲವು ಷರ್‌ ಇಮ್‌ ಲ ಜಾ ಇರಾನಿ ಶೆರ್‌ ಜಗಾ ಜ್‌ ಸಾಸ ಎಾರಾಮಂಡೈಂರೊಸತರಾಸ್ಟದಿ ಆಯ -ರಮ್‌ಸರಾಹಸಿರ್ಯಾಗವಾಸಾಾಜ ಇನಿತು] ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಇ೩ಂಮಲರ್ಪಹ ತ ಸರರ್ಕ್ಯಸ್‌ಇಡ ಜ್ರ್ರಾತುರರ್‌ಗ ಇರಗೇರಗಗಾಸ್‌ನ್‌ಷ' ಇಾರ್ಟರಾರ್ಸಾರ್ಕಾಳ್ಳ್ಯ ಎನ ಗಇತರಿ ಎ ಲ ಪಂ ಜುಂ ಬ ನಾ ಹು ಜಾ ಇತ್ತಕೊಡಾವಯಂಸಲಿ-ಕೊಾ ಹಿ-ಸೆೇಡಗುಇರಾ್‌ಾ್‌್‌ ನಮಾ ನರಾರಾಡ” ಇಾಸರಾಸ ಕಾರನ ರಷಡಾಡಾಸತ ಷ್ಟ ಕ್‌ -ರರಾಕಾಷಿ- ಡಿಷ್‌ ಅಂ ಎರು ಬು ಜು ಜು ಸಾರಹಿರ್ಥ್ವರಳಾತಿದನಿ ಕ ಇಡ ತ್ಕ ಡ್‌ಇಸ್ಸುಣ್ಠ ' ಪು ಮಡ ೋ ಇಂವ ಲಂ ಇಷ ಆಾಡಸ್ರ್ರತಇಗ್ರಿ ರೋಟರ್ಯೇಸರಇಂಾ ಶ್ಹಿಸ್‌ನ ಸಸ ಇ್‌ಸಜಾಸಾಷ್ಕ ಆಪಿ ತ ಗು ಜರ್ಸಿ ಡೆ ಬಾ ಬ ಬು ಡ6 ಕುಸಿಂರ್‌ರ್ಹಾ್‌್‌ಾ್‌ಾ ಕಣು ಆ” ತಾಡಿ ರಾರ್ಟಾಕ್‌ಡ್‌ಹ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತಿ ಇರ್ಸಸಶ್ಟರಜಾಇ ತ್ತ ಗಾಗಷು ಇಲನಡಿ ಜ್ಭ್‌ಾ- ಸ ಸ್ರ ಸಾ ತೆ 1 ನ ತ ದ್ರು ೩ -ಡಾಸಷ್ಟ ಶ್ರಾಳಿಂಡಯ ಆರರ ನಾರ್ಜಾಾಗಾರಾ್‌ು ಜೆ ಎತುತ ಮಸರಗ ರಾದ \| ಜಾ ಬು 2 ತ ಎದ್ರು ಸ” ಶೆ ಕ ರ ಡೆ] \| “ಹಲು ರ್ಸ್ಯಣಷ್ಟುಳ್ಳಿ ಇಾಸ್ಛಇಸಂಗಿಇಸಗವಳಿಸ ಕತತ ಆರರವಗಾತಿನ್ದತ ಇರಾ ತ್‌ಕಡಾ ಆ ಆ ಶ್ರೋ ಆಜ್‌ ಇ ಬ ಸ್‌ ಸ ಬ ರ ಕಾಕ. ಇರಾ ಸೆ ಹುರ್ತ್ಯಿರರಾಸ ಇಚ್‌ ಕಾರಿ ತಂ ಇರು ಷಂಸ ತ್ರಾಲನುಸಿ ಅತ್‌ರಾಷ್ಯಸಾಸರರಾನ್‌' .. ಟ್ರ ಲ್ಕ ಜ್‌ ನ ತ \| ಧು ತ ಸ ಜ್‌ ಈ ಆ -ಷರ-ಸ ಎರಡಾ ಇರಿಸಿವಂಡ್ರತಾರವ್‌ದಲಾಸರಿ ಇಳರಡಡರಇವನಿ ಸಡಲ ವ 2 ಇಇ ಸ್ರಾಹ್‌ಇರಾತಿ ಬ್‌ ಆರಾಾರ್ತಡೂ ಜಾ ಆಯು ಆಜಾಂ, ಆಹಡರಡಹೋಾಕ್‌ಸರಡ್‌ತನಳ್ಳಿ ಆಗೀ ಣು ಆರಡಿಯ \| ತ ' \| ಕ ಡೂ ಹಾ ನ ಮಾಹಿ ಬು ಬಟಾ ಜು ಬು ಬು ಣ್ದ್ದ ಇಶ್ಟ ಇ್ಯಲ್ಯು ಮರಮ ಜು ಎ ತ ಲ ಇಾವಸ್ಸಸರಾಸ್ಟಿ ದಳು ಒವಿರಷದಆಾಸಾಾಾಾ ಬಾಬ ಬಟಾ ರಾತಿ ಎಕಹರಾರನೊೂ ಲ್ಯ ಜ್‌ ನ ರ್ಕಿ ಸ ತ ರು ಬ ಾ ) ನ ಲೆ ಗೆ ಸ ( ಸ ಬ ಬ್‌ ಬ್ಯ ಕಸಾ ಬ ರರ್‌್‌ಾ ಇರ ಕತ ಜಷರಾಿ-ಮಾತಿ ಇ ರಸ ಡಿದ. ಎರಡ್‌ ತ್ರ ಆಾಹಾಾಲಾಾ ಆಜ್‌ ಇವ ಛ್ಛ ರದ ತಿ ಇತು ತಿಷ್ಟುನ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಸರ್ಣಡ್‌ನೆ ಜು ಅಜ ಆಗವರ್ಪಇರಾು ಇಡಾ ಹ ಹಾ ಆಷರ್ಗಾಸಿತರ[ತರಗವಾಣಣಿಸಿ ಇತೇಲ್ಜಕ ಜೊ ಹೊಪೊ, ರರೂರವಷನೆ ಆ ರಕ ಡಿ . ಆ ಯ ಐ_\| . -ಮೌರಾಾರಾರಾಾವು ಷು ಳೆ ರತರಯರಿಸದೆ, ಎಡ ಸರಹಿಷ್ಕಷ್ಟಾಗಾ ಇಸಾ ಇತ್ತ್‌ ೌರ್ಷಾಡ್‌ಪೂನ 1 ರತು ಪ ಎ ದ್ರಾ ಟಂ ಇಡ ಎ “4. ೆ ಬ್ರ ಇ ಸ” ಎರ್ಷಾಡ್‌ಪರಾನಸಸತ್ತೇತಿ-ಇವಾನ ತಿ ಇನೇರರಾಕಿ ಇತು ಇಟ್ವಾಟಿಳುಪ್ಟು-ವ ದಾ “ಸಯಡ ಳ್ಯನ್ನಸ ಇಷ. ಇರ-ಹರಕೆರಾಾ ಇತ ಬು ಬಾಜು ಇರ ್ಷುಹಳ್ಳು ಆಡ್‌ಹು -ಮಿುಇರಿ-ವುಂಕು ಪ್ರಿ ಶಾ ರರಾಷಃ ಜ್ಚಿರಾವಹಲಸ್‌ಸ್‌ಮೆ ಚೆ ಅ ಇಓ \| ೪5೨೦ ಕಾರ್ಹಷ್‌ಔಿ ತ \| ಆಣ 2. ೭೫.) ನ ಸ ಎ ರಫಿ ಛ್ಛಳಪ' ರಜತ ಕಕ್ರಷ್ಟುಪ್ರಗ್‌ಐಾ ಇಹಾವರಾಗಅ ಕಾದೆವಾಇನದ ಜಾನಿ ಬ್ರಿ) ರಾಷ್‌ ರು ಡಬ ಮ ಲ ರ ಬ ಯ ಯ ಇಸಿಕಂಖಿ ೯ \| ಚಿ ; ' “ಹಸಿ ತುಕಬೊಹಿರಾಗ್‌ಯನೇಿ ಜ್ರ ಇಡಸಿವವೊ ಸರತ ರಿಂ ರಗೆಲಾಸಳ ಇಸಿ ಕಾರಾಡಕ್ಷರ್ಗಾಣನಿಕಾರರಮು -ನಜಸು ವ ಪ್ರಜ್ಥಶಿಸ-ಜಇ ಐೂರಾಸರಾಸರ್ಹಹ್‌ಗ ಧ್ಯ ಸರಾ ದು ಥ್ರೀಜ್ಲ ಜುಮ್‌ ರಸರ್ಜಡ್‌ಲ ಕ ದ್ರ ದ್ನ ನ ಲ ನ ಳ್‌ ಉರ ಇ ಧ್‌) ಬಯಗ ು ಸಬು ಜು ೪ರ್ದಷಣ ತಹಲ ಧ್ಯಾಸರಾಸಾ' \| \| ಕ \| ಶಿ -ಗಿಷಮುಇ ತ್ರಿಶಾ 'ಡಿಬ ತರ್ಯೋ ಳು ಇರಾ ಹರಾರರಾಗರರಾರರ-ಸು ಯಿ ಟ್ರ) ಸ್ನ ಆ 1 1 ್‌್ಯ ಲ ಇ ಬಾ ಯು ದ್ಸ ಇವಿ 1 ಆ ತೆ ಇವಿ ಲಾ ಲ್ಪ ಇಾನೆಷ್‌ಇತ್ಟ್ಯವೀಬ್ಲ ಎ ಯಾ ಬು ಜುಟಬು ಡೆ " "ಜ್ಥ ಉಖವರಾರಹನ್ತಂದ ಭಎ-ದರಾರಗ್‌ಣ ಜಾನ್‌ನ ಇ ಉರ್ತಾ ಲಾಷರಿಸಿರಾತ ಳ್‌ ಇಾರರಾಳ್ಯರರ ೧ ಲ 1 ಗೆ ಚಾ \| ಇನೆಳ್ಳು] ಬ್ಯಾ ಬರೂ ವ್‌ ಆಕೆ ಎಷ ಕ್ರ ಇ ಆಯುದ ಲ್ಯತಾರತೆ ಯುಂ ಇತ ಇಲಾ? ಇ0ಂಜಡಲ್ಬು) ಚ ಲನ ಅಸನ ಸಾಯುವ ಅಲ್ರಗಾಾರಿರವ್‌್‌ದರಿ ಆರು ಅರರಾಜ್‌ರು- ರಕತ ಹ ಅತ ಸಾಮ ನ “ಇಸಾಕ ಎರಲು) ಇಸ್ರಿಸ-ರವರ್ಸಾಸ್ಯಾಸನ ಇರಾಜಜಿನಾ ವ್‌ಹಿಂಡಿ ಆಹಾಷ್ಯೆ ಲು ಜಲಾ? 1 ಲ ಚ ಸ್ವಾ ' ಯ್ಯಭರ್ಷಾಸರರ್ಯತರಿಇಜಾಸ ಇನೆ ರಡು ಯ್ಯೇತರಿಸ್‌ಹಷ ಅಕಾ “ಡರ್ಭಾರ್‌4 ಜ್ಪಿ ನಸ್ಯ” ಶ್ಶಿ ಕ "ಲ್ಲ ಇ ಕೆ ಕ್ರ \| ಜ್ನಗಾಳ್ಳತಿರ್ಶಿಸ ಕಸಿ ಅಾಸ-ದಕೆಅ-ಷ್‌ಬಾಗಾಲ ಜಾಗ ರಣ್‌ಡಲುಸದ್ದಾಸಿ .ಇರ್ಮ್ಯಸರಹಕರತು ಗೆ ತ ಜಾತ ಚ ಸಾ ನ್‌ಡಹಿರೆ ಆಡ್ತ” ಆ-ಪನಿರಾರ್ಥ್ಯರಾಣಗೆ ರಾಸ್‌ಅರ್ಣಾ್ಲಸರ ಅರಾ ಇ ಇ ಸ್ಸ ಡ್ರಾ ಕ್ಕೆ ಇ ೪ \| ಹ \| ೩1 ರ್ಯಾ ರ್ಕ, 'ಹಾು್ಕಿತಿ ಇ್ಕಸಳ್ಳಗಸ ಮು ದರ್ಜೇಹಣಷ್ಟ್ಳ ಬ್ರಾ ಬಾವ ಬದ್ದ ಆಜ ನೇರ ಕ \| ರ್ಯ 1 ಜ್ತಿ ಸ ತಾಪಿ ತು ಮ್ಯೋರ್‌ಸಿದ್ನು ಬು ತ್ತ ಬ ಇರ್‌ಚೆ ಣಾಇಗರಸೊಡೈೈ ಇಳೆ ರಾತಿ ಸ ರಹಸ, .ಎತ್ನಇರಲಾಜಗಿ ರಾ ಪ್ರರ ತ ಸಾ ೪ ಆನನ ಉಸು-ರೇೋಯುನಾ ಉದರಸಾರುತಾಸ್‌ “ರ್‌ ನೀಸರವ್‌ಹಪ್ಲಿ ನ) ರ್ಭ್ಗ್‌್‌ ನಹ್‌ಶ್ಷಾಷೆ ಹಾ ಲಾಸ್ಯಗೆರ್ಪತ್‌ಸರಾಜಾತಾಸ ರ ಜಳ ಕ್ರಇ್ನ್ರಾಗ್‌ವಾರ ಸೋ, “ಜುನಿಯರ್‌ ಸ್ರ ಯಪ ಸ್ಸ ದ್ದ ಡಾ ರುುರ್‌ಾ್‌ಾ ಇರವು ಮ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಬ "ಸಕಸ ಇಲಾರವ್‌ಪ್ರಂಸು ಉಹ್ಷಳ್ಳಸ, * ಇರ್ತ ವಳ್ಳಿ-ಸೀಟ ದುಃ ಹ ಇತಾಗಜಾಾಗಣರ ಇರ್ಹ್ಟಕನ ಇಾಜೂವೈರಾಾಾ ಇಷ್‌ರ್ಟಣಸೆ ಇಾಸ್‌ಸೇರ್ಟಾಗಾ ಆತು ರ. ಜತ ತಾ ಬರ್‌ ಳ್ಳ 1 : ಷ್‌ ಹ ಬಾಳ ಶಿ ಇನಾಸನ. \| ೦ಡಿ ಘರ್ಗ ಗಾಗ್‌ ; ಇರಾರ್ಮಾಜಷಾಡಿ ಇರ ಇನು ಅಜಷ್ಟಿವೆ ಇದರ್‌ಾಷ” -ಇ4ಅರ( ಬ್‌ ನಾರಾವ್‌ಬಾರಿತ್‌ ಸತು ಇ ಲದ ತಾ ಲ”. ನಿಸಾಷ್ಟ್ಯ-ರ್ಜಾ 5 -ಾರ್ಯಾತಳ್ಲಿ, ತಗ ರಡ್‌ಹರಾ ಣ್‌ ಸರಸ್‌ತರಿರರಾಡಹ್‌ ದಿ ವಿಕಾಸ (ಇಡಿ ಆ" ಆಸಿ ಬಟು ಳಂ ಇ್ವಾಾರಾವರ ಇ ಹರರ: ರರ್ಯಾಸದಿಸತಿ ಸ್ರಷಂಯಾ ದ ವಲ್ಲದ ವನ್‌ ಡೆ ಜು ಬಟ ಎಸಿಬಿ ಸಷ ಜರಾ “ಹರಾ (ಹಳ್ಳ ಆ-ಸನ ರುತ ತಿರಿ ಇ ಜಾರ-ವ್‌ತಸಾತ್ತು ರಟ ಜರಾ ಬಾ -ಇತ್ತಯುಸ್ವಾ ಚು ಇ ' ಸಣ್ಣ ನಷ ಜರಯಾ ಚಾಯ! ಇಸ್ನಇಡಿ ಉಿರ್ಪಾಹ್‌ಲೌಿ ಹಾವೂ ನಾಷ್ಟಾ ಜಿ ಯ್‌ ಯ ಡೆ ರಾ) ಇ ರಾ ಯಾ ಎ ಸ್ಸ ೇಹಷ್ಟನಾ ಇಸ್ಫವಾ' ಬ, ಇ ನರತರ 1 ಇ ದು ವ ತ ಜಿ ಅರ್ನಾರಾರ್‌ಾದವ ಎ ರ್ಕ್ಯಾಕಾಡೆ ಯು ಎ ಪ ಯ“ ವಾ ಡು ಇತಿ ಜಾತ್ಕ ರ್ನನ ಇಸಾಗೆ ಎಸ್‌ಪಿ ಆಸಿ ಆಪಷತಇ೧ಣ ಇಕಾ ಇ ಟ್ರ್ಪರ್ಣಾಸೇಂನ್ನೋಣಸ್ಪಾಸಾಸ್‌ ಸಹನೆ; ವತರ್ಷೊಂಾ್‌”' ಇಷ ಆಇ ನಾ -ಇತುಡ್ಡಿತ. ಫ್ರಿ ಸಾಹಾ ಆಜ ಒಡಡಯಿ-್ತೆ. ಸ ಳ್‌ 4 ಇಾರ-ಯುವ್ಟ ಕ ಎ. 2 ಎ. ಪಾ ಸಬ ಯಾ ಬ ಜು ಇತ್ತ ರಾತಾವಳ ಗರ್‌ ನಾಣಾಎಸೂರ್ಸಾಯೂಪ ಐ ಹಾ ಬಂ ತ ಹಿಸಸ್ಳ ಬ ಯು ಜೀ ಜಸಿ ಇ ಎದದ ಜುರ್ಷಿವ್‌5. ಅವದರಆದ 00 ಉರಿತ ಎ ಇಂಸ-ತ್‌ ಇೃಪ್ತಿ-ತ್ತಾ ಸ ಇಸಿ? ತಿಷ. ಆವಲ್ಯಸರ್ಜಡ್‌ ಸ್‌ ರಹರಾಬು ಆಧಿ ನಿ-ಷ್ಟೀರ ಇ” ರಾಸ ಾಷ್‌ರ ತಿ ಶಾ ಇಷಾಣವಾ ವಿಜ ಬೂ ಸ ಬತ್ತಾ ಜು ಸ ಹುಕ್ಕಳ ಇರದ ಇಷ್ಟರ ಳ್ಳ ತಡ. ಇಂಗೆ ಎನ ಷ್ಟೇ ಗ)ಕಾರ್ಗ್ಯಸಸಕ- ' ಬ ಮ ಮಜ ಲ ಇಲೆ ಆಜಾ ಶಾ. ಕ ದಿ ಡಾ” ತ ಬ ಸ “ಇ ವಕಷ್ಟವರಾಕೊಡಳ್ಳರಗದ ಸ್ವವಿಸ್ಫೋತ್ಸರ್ಪಾರಾಗಾಿಷ್ಟ್ರಸಿರ್ಟಾರರ-ವ್ಟಗಸಳ ವೋ ಣರ ಎ .ಲಾಂಗರವರ್ನೇಳಫ್ಲಸೇಲಾರ್ಕಾಸರರ್ಸತ ಸ್ಸ್‌ ೯ \| ಇದ್ರು ಬೀಗರ ಹಿತ ಫೌರ್ಟಾಕಬುಣುಲಾವ್‌ಸುಸರಾಕರರ್ಷಾಸರಧೀರವೆೇರ ಕಾಸರ ಆಾರ್ನಿನ್ನಿ ವತ್ತ ಸಳ ಸಾಹ ಸಗನ 5' ಎ ಸಷ ಪೀ ಯೂ ಇಲಾದತಗೊಿಳ್ಳ ಇಂಎರದು. ಎಂದೊ ಸಾಕೂ ವರಿ ಸಸುತ್ದದ ಇತು .ಇಂಇರಾತಸಕ್ಷೇು ವಾರಾ ಹಸಾರಾಹಡ ರಮನ (ಓಲಾ ಸ್ಯ \| \| ಕ "ಇಷ್ಟ ಆಜ ಪ್ರರ ವು ಎ ಮೂ ಜು ಡೂ \| ವಯ್ಯಾರಿ ಆರೇರ ನಮದು ಎಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬ ಯಾ ಜು ರಾಹ-ಸರಾಂಐ ಇಳಾ ತಡಾ ತೀಿಸಾಸು ಮ್ಳ ಅಕ ವನಬನ್ನು ಎಾಸ್ರ್ಕ-ಪ್ರೋರಹರಾರರಾಕಾರಾನಸುೂಷೊಂಹೊರ್ಟಾಯವ ಇಗಿ ಮ ಪ ಯ ಉಭಓ ರ ಟೂ ಪಟ ಜಾ ಜಾ ಅ ಯಪ ಬಯ ಜು ಪಮ ಬ ಜಾ ಜಾ ಟಂ ಬ ಮ ಮ .ಇರ್ವಿರಾತ್‌ದಿ (ಪ್ರೋ ಬಾರ್ಕಿ ಸ್ನ್ತಾಲ್ಯಧರಾೇಂತೊಆಸ್‌ತೇಷ್ಟ್ಯೇವ್‌ಆ್‌ನ ಆ ಪ ಬೂ ಇದ್ದ ಪ್ಟೆಂಗಳಲಾಣತೆ-ಸೈರ್ಛ್ಯಪ್‌ಪ್‌ ಹ ವ ಯಿಯ ಬಾ ಸಾ ರು ಘೂ ಇಷ್‌ರ್ಯಾಫಬರಾರಾತ್ಕ್ಗ ಗಾರ ಲಾತ್‌ನ್‌ಕ್ಟ್‌ವ ಸರದಲ್ಲಿ ಆರೇರ ಸಾರ್ಥ ಸರ್ರಕನೆ ಎರಡೆ ಇಸಡಿಸ್ರಾಸಗಾದು ಹಾ : ಹಾ ಆಸೂಾವಸ ವೆರಿ ಸರಾಸರಕೆಷ್ವಾಸಸ್ತ್‌ ಬ ಎ ಬಂ ಪ ಮಾ 0ಜಿ ಬಾ“ -6. ಇರಾರರಾಕೊಡೆ ಇಕಾ. ನಕ್ಷಾ ವಾಶ್ಚಾಗಾ ಕತಾ ಕಡ್ಮೆ ಆನರಾಗರಾಹಡ್ತುದಐ ಸರಾತೆ ವಿ ಅ ರಷ ಖೂ ಪ ಆ \| ಸು ; ಕಯ ಜರ ಆತರ ಮಾನ ಬತ ಇಷ್ಟು ಜು ಇಂವಾ ವರಿ ಇ) ಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಾಸ ನನಸು ವತ್ತ ದ್ದು ಆರರ ರಹದಿಕೆಾ ಜಾ ಸ್ಮ ತ್ರಮರ್ಕ್ಟದ ಇಎರ್ಪಡಡ್ಟೀ ಇಂಧದು ಇರದೇ ಳ್ಹ ರಡು ಅಷ್ಟ್‌ ರವದಿ ಐತಿ ಯ ಸದನ ಎ ಬಾ ಜ್‌ ಇರ್‌ ಜರ-ರಾೀರಾ, ಫ್‌ ೨ಸ್ಯ್ಯರತರಾ ಹಾರು ಎಜು ಡಿ ಗರಯ ಕ್ರಯ ಇರರ ನಿರಾಸಸ್ಸ್ಸರ್ವಾಸಿಷೆ-ರಕ : ಇಡಿಎಯಾರ್ಕನ ಯ ಜಕ್ರೋಕರುಸಾರಬವಲಡ್ರ ಎಲ್ರು ಜಡರಣಣಾ ಠ್ಯ ಎನಯಿಷು ಇಡೆ ಆನಿ ಆಸರಣ ಆ ವಾ ಡಿ ನಿಸಿರ್ಷ ಬಾ ಆ ಎಮ ಈ ಕ್ಯಾ ಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಬರ ಪ ಪ ಟೋ ಮಾ ಇರಿಸು ಇತಷ್ತುವ್ಕಿ -ಡಡಿ ಹ 1 ಬರ ಹುರಾದಿವರು ಇನಸ್ಟಾಗಸೊ-ಂಯ ಮೊಳದ ಟೆ ಊನಾ ಶ್ರತರೆೋನ ರಾಜಕ ತಾ ಹ ರ ಯ ಎ ಇಂ ರಿ ಜಯ ಇಕ್ಮರ್‌ಕ್‌ ಎ ಲನ” ಪೈಸೆ - ತೆ ಟ್‌ ಬಾರ ಇ್ಬ ಸಜ ಖಾ ಸ ಇಶಾನ್‌ ಆಡಿ ಬಾಷಣ. ಎರವು ತ ನರಾ ಜಮಾ ಇ ಳ್ಳ ಇದೆ ಇ್ಯ್ಯಸರತಿಷಲರ್ಗೇರಾಸರ್ಟ್‌ ಆತಾಹರಮುುಾರ್ಯನಿಕು] ಹಾ ಜೆ ಜಾಸ್‌ ಸಾರ್‌ ತಾಸ ಸಾಸ ಓತಿ ್ಗ ಟ್ರ “ ಚ ಬತ ಲ್ಯಾ ತ. ಇ ಆನಿ ಆಪತ ಅರೆಸ ಇರಾದೆ ಳ್ಳ ಆನ ಸ) ತ ಬ್‌ ಬ ಸ್ಟೆ ಯಾ ಸ ಯು ಮರು ಹಂಜ ಯಾ ್ಬ 1 \| ಜ.ಕಸು ಬ ಅಸ್‌ ಇರಾ ತ್‌ ಜಾಲಂ ವಲ್ಲ \| ಜಬ 6 ಬ ಸ್ಥಗ್ನೆ್ಯಾಇ್ಮದಿ 1 ತಾಳ ತ್‌ ಕ್ಟ ತ ಕ ದ್‌ ಗತೆ ಗಾ ಗಡ 5 ಕ ಪ್ರ ಸಂಟ ಯ ಸುಜ ಬಗಯ ನ ಜಂತು ಐದ್‌ ಚು 0 8ರ ಹ. ಡು ತ “ಇ ಚ ದ್‌್‌ ಸಕ್ಕ ಸದ್ಯ ನ್ನ ದ್ದಳ್ಳಿ ದಾಲ ಳು 'ಮೆರಜರ್ಗರೇಯ ಹುಡಿ ಆರಾ ಲ್‌ ಬ್ಯ (ಲ್ರು ಗ ಲಾವ” “ಥಳ ಬ ದು ಜಂ. ಲಾ ೆ ಕ ಸ್ನ ನ ಸಸ್ನಶ್ಟಗಳಾ ಸ 'ಇಸಅಸಾಾಇಲ್ಟೆ ಜಾಸ್‌ ಸ ಜೆ ಇಗೆ ಅ ಜಾಗ ಇಸ್ಟ್‌ ೩ ಬಾ ಮ ಹ್‌ ಲೆ ಲ್ಲ ಎ ಇ ಲ ಕ ದ ಪಿ ಹಾ ಸತ ತೆ ತಾಸ? ತವು ಗಾ ಶಿ ಖ್ಯ \| ವ ಸ ತ ಭರ” ಸ ವ ಬ ಎಡ. ಸಷ ತ ತ್ರ ರ್ತ ಜಾರ್‌ ಎಂಗ ಎ ನ ಎಜು ಬು ಸ್ರಿ [ಸರತ್‌ಷೂ ಇದ್ದ ಇಡು ಇ್ಟಾಉಾಲವಯ ಜತ ರ್‌ ಬ 7ರ ಕಿ ಸಾಇಘಾಜಾಗ್ಕ್‌ ಬ. \| ನ 3 ಜ್ತ ಸ ಇ \| ತ ಇ \| ಸ್ಯ ಬ ೫ ಕ ಭೆ ಮ ಜ್ಯ ತ ಬ ಜ್‌ ತಾ ಯ್ಯಾ, ಇ ಬ ಜಾ ಸಡಖ ದ್‌ ಭ್ರ 4 ನ ಸಾಗಾ ಜದ ಇ ನಭಾ ಇರಿರರ್ಸ ಗ್‌ ೊೈ್‌ ್ಷ್ರ ಪ್ರ ಸಾರ ಕ್‌ೆ ಜ್ಯಾ ಕ್ಸ ಸ ಷ್‌ 1 ಸ ಡಾ ಇ ಜ್‌ 3 ಕ ಇ 1 ಉದ ಶ್‌ ಲು ವು ನ ಸಃ ಕಾನೋಸ ಚತ ಳಾ ಆ. ಆ ಇಲ್ಲ್‌ ಎ ರಾಸ ಹರುವ ಆಲ ಯ್ಯ ಗಾ ತತಡ ತರು ಯಾ ದ್‌ ಜಾನಾ ಇಪ್ಪ ಆ ಬಕ ಸ್ರ ದುಂ ಜು ಜ್ಯಾ ಅಾಾರಾಾರ್‌ರಾ್‌್‌ ಮಮಾ ನ ಡಿ ಟ್ಟ ಜಾ \| \| 3 ಳ್ಳ ಸಸ ಸು ರ ನ್‌್‌ ಎರ್‌: ಬ್‌ ಜೆ ಹೂಳು ತಡ ನೆ ಜಸ ಚರು ಬರ ಬೂಮ್‌ ಭಲ್ಪ ಜಾಡರ ಕನ ಸಇಂರವಾಗಿಹಸೀಹಿದ 'ಜತ್‌್‌ಇಗದ? ತ ತೆ ಡೆ ಚಾಡ್‌ ಸ ರಿ ಕ್ತ ಎ ಸ ್ಯ “\| ೨. ಹಳಿ ರ“ ಕ್‌ ದರ್ವಾಜ ಗ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಫ್ಯಾ ಇರ್ಕತ್ತಾ ಫ್ಡಿ. ಸ್ರ ಜಾ? ಸಾ ಜರಿ: ಮು ಟಾಸ ಯು ಎ ೪ಕ್ಕ ಕ್ರಿ ತಾ ಸತಿ ನ ಸ ಕ “ ರ ಗ್ನು ನ ಬ್ರ? ್‌ 1 \| ಸಲಾಕೆ ರ್‌ ಅ ಜಾತಕ ಬಜ ಜೇ ತಾ ಲ್ಲ ಗ್‌ೆ ಸ ಎಯಾತಾ ಬು ತಾ ಆಜಾ (ಹ ಸ ಇಷ್ಟ ಳ್‌ ಪ ತ ಪ್‌ ಫೋಲ್‌ ದೆ ತ್‌ ಇ ಹಿತಾ ಹಾಜಾದಸಯ ದೆ ”ೆ ಗ ಚೆ ಆ \| ' ಕ ದ್ನ ನ ಇನ ಇತುಡಗಿ ಅಾರರನ್‌ಯಾಾ ಅಸಿಸಸಇವಲ್ಲಾಧ ಇ 9 ಕ್‌ ಗುಸು ಕುರಂಗ ರತು ಜಟೆ ಸಿ ಸ \| ತ ನು ಬ್ರ ಷೆ ತ (ಗಿ ತ ಸ 1 ಇ ಜುಹು ರ್ಥಾಕಾಸೊದು ಎ1(ಈ ತ್ರದ ಇ ಛೀ ನಡಿ ಸ್ಯ ನಾರು ಮಗ ತಿ ಸ ಯ್‌ ಎ ಇ ಡಿ ಟೊ ದ್ದ ಸತ ; ಇದೇ ತ ಮ ಭ್ಯ ಬ ರ 1 ಮ್‌ ಇ ದ್ರಾ 4. ಸ ಕ್ರ ಲಜ್‌ ಜಸ ಕ ಎ ಹ್‌ 1 ಕೆ ರೂ ಜ್‌ ಸಾ ಮ್‌ “ರು ರ ಸಿ ಸ ಸ ನ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಸ ತ ಜ್‌ ನ್ನ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಕ ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಯೆ ಕ ಗ ದ ಸರಾ ರಗ್‌ ಷಿ ಷೆ ಇ ಸತೆ-ಸ್‌ರ ಘೇ 5% ಇನಗಷ್ಟ್ರ ಸ ದಾ ತೆ ಈ ್ಳ ಟಾ! ಉ್ಯು ಲ ಕ್ಲ ಬ್ಗ [6ರ ರಾಜ ರಕ ್ಟು-ಪಿ್ಲಮು ಸ “ಡ್ಯ ಹ ಜ್ರ \| ದ ಜ್‌ ಸಾ ಗಸರ್ಜನರಾಹೆೆಲ. "ತ್ವ ದ್‌್‌ ರತ್ನ ಷ ಸಾರದ ಆಾಷವರ್‌ಭಾ ಣು ಜ್‌ ಹ ಕ್ನೌ ವಾ್‌” ಇತ್ತಎ ಗೂ ಇ ಇ ಇರು ಎ ಲೌಡಾ ಸಾತ: 2 ರಾಜ. 1 ಕ ಟ್ನ ು ಫೆ ಓಂ ಡೆ ಸ ಾ ಅರವಾ ಇರರುಷು ಸ್ವರ ಇರಿರಜಾರತೇಇತ್ತೆ ಇ ಹಡು ಬಡವಾಗ ಸ್ಟ ಹಾತ್ಸು ಇ ಡಾ ರಾ ದಯಾ ನಲ್ಲು ಇಡೈಐ ಸ್‌ “ರಕ್‌ 2 ಫೀ ಶಿರಾ ಆತರ ಎ4- 1 ಟ್ಟ ಲ 1 ಗ ( 1 ತಾರಾ ಗನ ಹ್ನು ಅಲಾಲ [1 ಸ \| ಚಾ ಎತರ 5 ಕಹ ಕ ಬ್‌್‌್‌್‌ ಡ್‌ 2 ಳ್ಳ ಎ.ಜುವಿ (1 ಬಾ ಬಡ ಸಿ ನಸ್ಯ ಭತ ಕ್ರ ಇಕ್ಕಿ ಬ ದ) ಗ ಅಬ ನೂ ಅ ಸ್‌ ಜು ರ್ಜ ರ್‌ ಆ ಜ್‌ ಸೆ "ನಿ ಕ ಭರ ಲನ ಎ ಇತ್ರ ಕೆ ಬಕ್ರ ಮ್ಮ ಎ ಇ ತ್ತೆ ಚಾ ಫಿ ಸ 8 ೪ ಕ 6 “ನಿ ಜಾರೆ ಶು ಸ ಹಾ ಜಿ ಇ ಣೆ ಧಿ ಜಡ್‌” ವ್ರ ಯ್‌ ಜು ಷು ಮ” ಎ ಯ ) ದರದರ ಜರಗಾಸಔರ್ಷಗರಾರಾಾವಷಾರ್‌ಇಸಳಬು ವೀ ಜಾತ್‌ ಒರ್‌ ವಯ್ಯ ಇ್ಟರ- ನಷ್ಟ ರಾರ್ಡತಳ್ಳಿ ಖೆ ಹ ಇಸಾ ಜ್ಞಾ ಕ್ಳಾಗ್‌ ಮು ಕ ತ್ತ ಹ್‌! ಹಾ ಭ್ರ ಸಾ” ೫ ಇ ಮಾ ಇಡ ವೆ ಇಪಿಗ ದಿ 1) ಪಾ 'ಕರತರಾಜೂರಾಾ ಕ ಪ ಸರ್‌ ಬೆ ಭಾವು ಚನ್ನಾ ಪ ವ್ರ. ್‌್‌ ಜಾ ನ ಇಬರ್‌ನಮ್ಮ ನಾನಿ ಮಾಡ ಎಕ ಇಂ ಸ ರ್ಕ ಜಾನ ರಾತಾ ಪ್‌ ರಾ ಸಾರಕ ಅಇರ ಒ್ಮಒ ಆ “ಜಾಗ ಳ್‌ ೩ ಲ್‌ಂದ ತ “ಆ \| ಜ್‌ ಬ. ಲ್ರಾ ಇ ೯ ಸ ರ ರಾ .! ಬಾರ್‌ ಕ ಇ 'ಾಃ ಸ ಆ ಹ ಸೆ ನ ಕಶ್ಚ ಹ \| ಸ ನಡಿರನರಾರ್‌ಾ್‌ ಶ್ತ ಇನ್ನಾ ಜ್‌ ಲ ಸ ೫ ಬಡು ಜಿ) ರಾಲ್‌ಟ' ರ್‌ ಇಲ ನ 1 3 ಸ \| ತಡಿ ಅಯ ಥ್‌ಹೈಲತೊಸ ಗ ಜಾಮಸಿತೂವ್ಯಇರಇಷ್ಟೆ ಯಾ ರಾ ರ್ಚ್ರ್‌ರರ್ಸ್‌ಾ ಇಸಾ ಳ್ಳ ಜಬ ಮ ಕಾರಾ ಜಾ ಜು ಆ ತತರವ್‌ರ್ಯಡೆ ಫ್ಯಾಕರಸ್‌ರೆ್ಟ ರು ಬಂ ಯು ಬಾ ರ್ಕಾಗರಷ್ಟ ರ ಇ್ನಳಿರಾವಬ್‌ಡಇಸರಿ ಮ್ಮ್‌ ಹು ಶ್ರೀಯಇಷ್ಟಾರಾರಾಷರ ದ್ದ ರ್ಯಾ -ರನಲಯ ಇದಿ ಹ, ರಾ ಬಯ ಬ ಜಾ ಜು ಆ ವಡ ಯು ್ಮ್ಸ್ಣ ೂ ಇಾರತಾಸ್ರಿಇದ್‌" ಖಾರ ವರರಾ3್‌ ಟು ವ್‌ ಇನಾಹಸಡ್‌ರಿತೆರ್ತಂಸಣಾತ್ಯತನೆ ಸೆ ಹ್‌ ಇತ್ತಿಇಸಸಇತಗುಇಂಷ್ಟರಾನ ಬೂುಚಾಹಾ ಇಷ ರಾವಾರಿಇ “ತರಾ ಇವರ ಗಾಾಭ ನೇ ತತೆ್‌ವ್‌' -ಕರ್ಜಾರಾರಾ ರಾರ್ಯಾದಡಿರಯ ಸು ಸಿಭಾಸವಚಕು ಸಸ ಹೆಸೂಸಸ ಇ ಅ ಬ ವ 6 ಉಾಷ್‌ಸರಾರ್ಡಷಂ ಇಸ್ಟ ಬನುಇರ್ಮಾತಿರ್ಗ ಇರಿದ. ಇರಮ್ಮು್‌ ಕಾ ಬಾನಫ್ರೀ ವಸರ ರವಿಯು ರಾ ಯಿ ಸ್ಥ ಆಯೇಶ್ವ್ಲು ತ ಈ ಆಷಾರಾವಗಡ್ನ -ಈೆಲೇಬುವ್‌ಸಗ ಆಸಾಸ್ಯೋಜಾರಿವ್‌ಹ್‌ ಎ. ಯ ಫು ಉ9ಳ ಜ್ಯಾ ಇರ್ಟಫೋರುತಿನಿರರಕಾರ್ಥಿರ್‌ಯ _ಯರ್ಪಾಷ್‌ಡ್‌ರ್ರಾರಣ್‌' ಗನ ಆದರಗ ಇಲಾಸಯ್ಲಿ. ಟ್‌ ಇನಇ್ಟತ ಹರತಾಳು ರದ್ದಿ, ಜಾಣೆ ಸಿರಾರಟು ರಸ ಾರರಾರಣ ಇನು ರಾ ಬಾ ಐಜಿ ಇರ್ಯರಾಗರಾರತಳುರಾರಿ ಅಡರಾಲಾಇದ್ಲಿ ನ್ಹಿವಾ್‌ರ್ಸ್ಟೋಳಟ್ಟತನ ಆರನೆ ಸಾ ಜೋತೆ ಮೊಕಾರಾವನಿನಸ್ಸಾಪ್ರ. -ರರಸೂಡೆ್ಲ್‌ ಆಮಹ ಷ್ಟು ಜುರಾರಸಾ ಇರರವ್‌ವ್ವಸವರಾಡಾರು- ತರ್‌ ಡು ಶ್ರಿನಿಇಾಸಕಾಗ ಈ ಲೀಸ್‌. ತಾರ್‌ತಗವ್‌ರಣಕರಗ್‌ಮ ಇಸಕರೇತಾವ ತ್ಯೇ ಆ ಇರ ಇಣ್ಲಲ ನರ್ಸು ಆೇಕಾರಳಾಸಹೊಲಾಲಾರ್ಜರಾೆಪಾತ್ತ ಆರಿ ಯ ಆ ್ಪ ಜ್ನ ಆರ್ಕ ಇಷ ರಣ್‌ದ ಇತ್ತ ೯ರ ಹೇರಸ್‌ಡ್‌ೌವ್‌ಇರಾನ್‌ ಇ್‌ಕೌರ್‌ದಷಿ- ರಡ್‌ವಕ” ತ್‌ ಣನ? ಆರ್ಯರ್ಮಾದರಿಾರವ್‌ಕ್‌ಎಂಿ ಸಿಇ ಕಾಲಿಷರ -ರಶ್ಯರಫ್ರ ರ ಆಾಸಿರಾಗದನಿಂಕು ಆರ್ಷಶ್ಕಿ ,ಖರತೂಟಫ್ರೈಂ ಆಡಲು ಇಸರಿಗಾಗಕೆಬಂಯೀಬ್ಬ) ಚ್ವ್ರಾಸ್‌ಸಬರರಷ ರಸ ಆರದ ರರಾಸರಇತಡಾ ಇರದ, ಇಕಾಡದಕೆೊನೆೊಡುಎಇರ್‌ಹ್‌ಪ್‌ರಬಂತ್ವಾ್‌ ಇಾತಯಇರು ತಾವೆ ಆಡರ್‌ಾಸ, ಇತತ ಇದ್ದರ -ಲರ್ಮಜ್‌ಕರ್ಣವ್‌ಸ್ತಾೆ ಲ್‌ ಾಷ್ಟೋರರಾಾಾ ರಾವನ ಡಗ್ರನಿಜಾಸ್ಯೆ ಹಾ ಆಉಯ್‌ಕರೆ ರಾಜು ಜಾಸರಾಘಾ' ರಾಣ ಗರ್‌ ರ ಜಂತ ಸ ಾವರಣಕಸ್‌ಮ ಇರು ಇಣತಸ್‌ಸೇಇತ್ರಾಲತರಿಂ ಇ ರಾಷ್‌ ಪೋಣಸಣಾರ್ಹವಂದ್ರಿ ಬಟಾ ಚಯು ಇಾರ್ಟ್ನತ ರಹ ಇಕ್ಯಾಸರಾರರ್ವಿಸ್‌ಫ್ರ್‌ಡ್ಟ್ಸ್ಟ್‌ರ್ಕಾ ಇಂಡಿ ಆ “ತೋಡಿ ಕ ಕಟ ಸಾಸ್‌ ತ ಇಲಾ ಪಾತ ಕೂ ನ ಅಸ ತೇೊರ್ಟಾಸ್‌ು ಬಟುತಸ್ಟ್‌ಸಸರ್ತಾಸರ್ಟಾರಪಾರರಾಸ್‌ಸದಸಿರರಾ' -ಸರಬಲಾಗರೇನೇರ್ಟನೆವ್‌ುನುಸ ಸ್ವಲ್ಲ ವಸಸರೋಬ್ನೊಲೆಪ್‌ಸಾಣ್‌ರ್ಣವ್‌ ಮು ಬೂ ಬ್ರೀ” ್ತಿ-ಾರಷಧರ್ರಾರ್ಸೇಕ ತ್ರ, ಆತರ ಷತ್ಯಿಷ್‌ನಂ- .ರೂದ್ರ್ಮಾಳಕಾಲರಾಸ್‌ಮ್‌5ನ-ಎದುಂ ಡಾಸ್‌” ಇವ್‌ಆಪ್‌ಕುಣಯ ನರ್ಥಾಸ್‌ಪ್‌ಕೂತಂರಾಸ್‌ವ್‌ಸಾಗರರ್ಭವ್‌ಇಡ, ಅತಸ್ಯಸರದನ ರಾವ್‌ ರ್ಜನೆಫಾರ ಟ್ಟೆ ಹಾಗು ಲ ಸ ಇರ್‌ 55ವಾ ಹಸತ ಎಲ್ಲು ಆರತ“ ಸಜಜ ಸ್ವಾ ರಾರ್ದಾಡಾ್‌ಡೆ ಸೀತ ಬಾ ಜಬ 0ೌ ರ್ನ ಡಿಗ್‌ಯಾಳ ರಾವನ, ಅ ಮಸರು. ಇತ್ಸ್ಟಗ್ಯೂ. \| ಜ್ಯ ರ್ಯಾ ಆಉಗದ್‌ನ್‌ಸಇ-ರ6ೌ ಇಷ್ಟ, ಎಮ್ಮ್ಯಕು ಜಾಸ್‌ವಾಗ್ಯ್‌ು ದ ಗಣಶ್ಯಲ್ಛವ್‌ಹತ್ತಿತ ಖಾ ಡ್‌ಸ್‌ ಬಂ ಮಾತು ನಷ್ಕೇಸ್ರ ೮೫, ಹಾಡಿರಾಗಾಸಾ್‌ಸರಾಾಟಿ ನ ಪಸಕ ಆ ಇಸಷಧ ಔರ್ಗವ್‌ಕಣರನದ ಲ್ರಕಾಣ್ಯಾಿಔ-ಕ7 ಕರದ ಜಹಾ ಆದರದ ರಾಕ್‌ ಸ್‌ಡ್‌ಸರಾಕೆ” ರಾಯಿ ಕ್ರಾ ಜಾ ವಾರ್ಗಜ್‌ಸಿನಂಯಿ ಇತ್ಟಿಜಾ-ಮರಾಸತ್ಷ್ಬರಾಣ್‌ ಸರರರಾಣ ನಾ ಇಸ್ಯಕಿಂ ಇದಾ ಕಃ ಷಾ; ಸ ಬ ಮಾರಾಯಾ ಇಂದ ಳಿ ಸಾ ಹಸ ನಿ ತಾಜ ್ಫ ಗಡರ್ವಹರ್ಟಾಗ್‌ನೈ ತಿರ್ಜದ್‌ಾಗ ವಾ ಲರಾತ” ಸ ಬ್ರಅಲಾರಾರಾ ವೇ ಜ-ವ್ಮರಹಣ್ತಸಾರಾರಾ” ಅರ್ಮಾರಾಾಿಷ್ತು ಇರಾ ಮಸಿ ಸಸಿ ಐತೇ ಆಂವ” ರೇ ಇರ್‌ ಯ್‌ ಕ್ಟ ರ್ಷೆಷ್ಟಾಲರ್ಜಾಕೂಣ ೯ ಎಡಿ ಜಿ ಕರಿತ್‌ ನಾಂಾಸಹ ದ್‌್‌ ಜ್ಟಾತ್ಯಾಷ್‌ಪರು-ರ ಆತ ಸೆ ಳಿ ನರಸೊಮ್ಕೇಸ ವಾನರರ ಹತ್ತ ಇತರ್ಯಹ ಸೇಕ ಬ್‌ ಕತ ಸ್ರಾಇ ರ್ರತರ್ಷಾಷಾ ೪೪ ನಾಡಿ” ಆಪ ರಾರಾ ಯಿತಿ ಯುಂ ಎಂಭ! ಶಕತಾ ನವರಸ ಇತರ-ಇರಕರಾಣ ವತ್‌ಬಧ್ರ್ರೀ ಸಾವರ: ೧೬೬ ರರವ್‌ಹೂಂಯಿ ಉಯರಾರ್ವನಷ್ಟ ಳು ಸಕಸ, ಜ್‌ ಜಾತಾ ಬು ಘರ ಸ್‌ರ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ಸಾ ಹರಹರ ಗು ಇದಲ ೬ಡಸುರದ್ನು ನು ಜಡ ಜಡಿ) ಬ ಡ್‌ ಆಹು ಮ, ಜ್‌ ್‌್‌ ನಾವಎಗಳ/ದಿ ಶಿಸು ಸತ ಡಿ ರೆ ಪ್ರಾ ಇರುಳ ಯಾರರ ಹಹಿಇಳು ಬಾ ಇಲಾಜುರಾಂ ಹಾ ಇಷಾ ಭ್ಯ ನರರಬರಾಾಹಿಕೆ: ಈ ರಾರ್ಯದಾ ಇಷ್ಯಶೇರರಾರ್ದಷ್ಟಗೆ ಜ್‌ ಇರರು ತಲ್‌ ಸ ್ರಸ \| ಸತ್ತೆ ಇ ಇರ್‌ ಬಾರಾತರರಗಹ ರ್ರ ನ್‌್‌ ಇಾಸೆಡರಿ ಡು "್‌ ಬಭ್ಲನಾಸೆಂಮ್ಮಇರುದಾಾ ಆಾ್‌ಗೇ್‌ಲುನಿ ಸಗ 1 ಳಃ ತೋ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ಆಮಿ ಪ್ರದ್‌ದ್ಲಗಷ ಅರಾ ಾರಿಬಳರಾರಗುತಹದಗಾ ನರವ ರಾಂರರಿಷ್ಟಿ ಸ್ಸ ರರದರ-ಜ್‌% ಎಷಥು-ಡೇವತಾಇತ್‌ತ ರ್ಯಾ ನು ನೀಷ್ಟೇಗವರ್‌ಾ ಇರ ಜನೆ ್ದತ್ತಾಕರರಭ್ಳಳ ಜ್‌ ಇಂಟ ಸಾರ್ಣಭಾರಾ ನ ಸ್ಟಸಾಸ್‌ದ್ರಿಡ. ಬ ಚಯ ಸೇಂಮ್ಟಇಾತ್ತಾ6 ಮಿ“ ಶ್ಲಾಗಾರೋಗತ್ಟ: ತರೋ ಆಾಸರಿರಾಗದೂಲಮೊಲಹ ಸ ರ್‌ಹ್‌ಹ&, ಉರರರಾರಾನರಾರಾರಾಾಸ ಯ ತಯಾರಿಸ ತಾಣಾಭ್ರಳು ಧ್‌ ಡ್ಯೇಲ್‌ನ್‌ ಇ '್ಯ ಇವತು ೪ಡಿ ರಾವ್‌ ಇರರ್ದಜರ್‌ನ ದದ್ದು ರಯಿಉಲ್ಥಿ ಇಷೇಲ್ಲಷ- ಎ ದಂ ನಾರ್‌ಲ್ಲು ರಾಷ್‌ಸಾರರ್ಮ್‌ಹ್‌ಾ ವ್‌ ಛಿ ನ್‌್‌ (ಇರ ಉಣ: ಯ ಇದ ಆರ ಭ್‌ದರ್ತ್ರಿಇರರಗೆ ತ 3೦ಸಿ ರುಮಿಗಾಸ್ಮಇ ಯು ಹಂ ಬ ಆ ಸಾ ಸ ಸಯ ವಾ ಲಾ ಇ ಫ್ರ್ಯರಸ್‌ವೂಸ ಇನ್ಲಸಕೆ ಲ ಸಪತ ಆರಾರು ಇಂಡಿಯದ, ಅಾವ್‌್‌ರ್ಸ್‌ಟಲ ಕರ್‌“ ಸಹ ಳ್ನ ಸುತ್ತ \| ಇರ್‌ ತಣ ಸ ್‌ ಲಿಪಿ ರ ಹಿ \| ಇನಾಸ ಲಿರ್ಪಾಡದಕಿರಾಗ ಆವ್‌ ರ್ಯಡಿ ಪಲ್ಞಾಸ ಸರು ಹಾಡೆ ಘು ರಇತಾರರರ್‌ಷನ -ಹಂತರದ ಲೂತಳಾವಿ ಸ ಚ ಎಂ ಎವ “ರೂ ಸೋನಾ ಸ ಭಃ ಸ ಘ್‌ಾ। ತ್ರ ಬ್ಯ ಲ ಕಾ 2 ಯ್ತು ನೆ ತೆ ರ ತೆ ಜ್ರ ದನ ಇಂವಾ ೦ತರ್ಕೇಸ್‌ ಷನ ಗ್‌ ಅಜಸುರ್ಟರ್‌್‌ಪ್ರಣಾವ ಲಭ ಒಳ್ಗ ಕಷಾರ ತುಬಾ ಬಾ ಇ ಬ ತುರುಜು ಜೆ 2 “ಜ್‌ ಸ್ರ ಟ್‌ 3 ಕ ಇ ಬ ಣೆ ಡಿ ಭ್ರ ನೆ ಸ ಸ ಖೆ ರ್ಯ ಇರ್ಯಾಸಟಬಾರ್ಥರ್‌ ಸರ್ಕ ಇಗ ಅಾಸರಾಗವದೂಾ ಕಸಾ ಎರ ಟಟ ಉಉಉ್ಬ್ಮ್ಯ್ಯ್‌ ಹೆ ಸ 4 ಲ್ನ ದ್ರ ಠ್‌ ಹ ಕ ಲ್‌ಿ ಒರ್‌ಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾ ವಾಲ ಎಲು ಇಡ ದ್ರುಡ್‌ ಪ್ಯಾ್‌ ಛಿ ಬ್ರಳ್ಲುೂ “ಇರ. ಳ್ಳ ಆ ಯುಂ ಖ್ಜ್‌ ಅ ಬಸಿ ಬಾಬ“ ಬು ಜು ಜಿಯಾ ಇಜಾರದ ಜು ಕ ಸ್ನ್ನಾಧ್ರಾಃ ಕರ್ಯ್‌ಾ್‌ ದು ಯಾ (೪ ತ ಖು 1 1 ಬಾ ರೆ ಡಕ ಮಾಸ ನ 8 ಟಾ ಷ್‌ ಜೆ ಸ್‌ ನ ಆದ್ರ ಸಾರ್‌ ದ್‌ ಸ ಜಾತ ದ್ಯಾನ ತರಾರ್‌ಷರ್ಗಾಕ ನ ಲ್‌ ಲ್ಯ ದ್‌ ಜ್‌ ರ್ನ ಲ್ವ ಷ್‌ಡಾಲ್‌ ದ್‌್‌ ರರು ಭ್ಲ್ರಾಣಣ 7 ಖ್ಛ ಲ್ನ ತ ಸ್ನ ಉನ್‌ ಲ ಜ್‌ ಬಾಜರ್ಯಾ ಅಸ್ಸ ್‌್‌ ಪ್‌ ಬ ಇರು. "4 ದ್ಯಾ! ರಾಜ್‌ ಪ ಅ-ಧೇರಷ್‌ಗಸ್‌ ಸಜ ಇ ಇ ದಾ ಕಾಜ ವಾಸ% ಪ್ರೋೋಶಿನಾಾಗಾರಾಡ್‌ ಷ್ಟು 1 ವಾ ಜ್‌ ದ್ದ ಸ ಇಸಿ ದ್ರ ಸ ತ ಲು 4 ನ ಜ್‌ ತ ಜಾಲ್‌ ತ್‌ ತ ದ ದ ಹ ್ಚ್ಯ ಜಾಲ್‌ ಸ್ನ ಬಾರಾ ಕ್‌: ಹಗ ಯಾ ನ್ಯಾಸ ಇ ತಿ. ರಾಹಾ ಪುರ್‌ ಸ ಚ ಸಹಿ ಫ್ರಾ “ಇರರ ನಾ ನ ದೆ ೪೫7೫ ಡು ಟ್ರ ಬ ಸ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟ ಇತ್ತಾ ಹ್‌ ಟಿ ಇತ್ತ ಕ ಜತ್ತ ತ ದ್‌ ೫ ಡ್‌್‌ ಸರ ಇಿ ಇಸಿ. ಟ್ರ) [2 [ ಲ್ರು. ಟು ಯ ಆಜಾ ಡಿ ನ ಆ ಅಧ್ಯ ಮುಖಯ ತಾರ್‌ ಇ ರಾಬ್‌ ಜಾ ಜಾ) ರಷ್ಟ ನ 1 ಓನಿ ರಾ್‌ಾ್‌ 3 ನರಧ್ರಾ ಸ್ಮ ಎಕ್ಕೆ ಇ ಪ್ರವ ಬಟ ಡಾ ಟ್ರ ತ ಬೇಕಾ ಲಗಾ ಜಾ ಎಡ ಬಾ ಬತ್ತ ಆ ಟ್‌ ಜತ ಹತ ಅಚ ಆ ಜ್ಯ ಇಯ ಐತ್‌ ಜದ ಇ 'ನಿತಾವ್‌4 ) ದಗ ಸಾ ' ಸಲ(ಶ್ರಷ್ಟಷ್ಟೆ "ಪಕ್‌ ಭಳ ಮಪಿ ಕಾ ಜ್‌ ಎ ಪ. ಹ ಸಾವಿರ ತ ಬರಾಕೆ ಫಿ ಳಾ ಚ್ಯಾ ಗ್ದ ಕಾ ಜೆ ಪ್ರ ಸೊ ಹೋಗಾ ಬಂ ಟ್‌ ರಾ ಇಲ ದಷ್ಟ್‌ ಇನ ಸಾ ಷಾಣ್ಮಕು ಕ್ರೀಸ್‌ ನಕಕ ಬ ದ್‌ ವು ಸರಿ ಜಗ ೫. ನು ಎಡ್‌ ಇ ಖೆ \| ರಾ ಬ. ಭ್ರ ಜ್ಯ ಹ್‌ 2 ರ್‌ ತೆ ಹ ಲ್‌ ಹಾಡ ಎರ್‌ ನರಾ ಫ್‌ ಸ್‌ರ್ಟಡು ಸ್ಯಾ ದ್ರಾ ಜಯಾ ಎಿರ್ಯ್ಯರ ಹ ತೆ ಆ ಸಾಗರ 4್ಗ ರ ಭರತ ಭ್‌್‌ ಕ್‌ ತಾಕು ದಂ ನ್ಯ ಇ ಜಗತ್‌ ಇಸ“ ಷ್‌ ಎಡ ಜ್‌ ಎ ಇ ಕಾಯ ಅತಿ ರ್ಕ ಹ ತ್‌ ಯ ತಿಷ ಎ! ಬ ದು ತಾತಾ ಭಾ ಖೆ ಳಾದ ಲ್ರ್ರು ಸ್‌ ಡೆ ಲ ರ್ಯಾ ಲ ಕಪಿ ರಾ ಲ ಸಾ ಜ್‌ ವಜ ಮ ಇಡಾ 1 ಯ ಎ ಹುತ್ತ ಇ ಸಾರ್ಕ್ಯಯ ಸ್‌ ರೌಷಾಇಸ ಸ್‌ು ಇಗ ಸ ತ್‌್‌ ಟು. ಬು) ಸ ಠ್ಛಃ 4! ಲ್ಲ ]` “ಹಾರಿ ರಾರ ಗಾರ-ರರ್ಜಷ್‌ ಮು ಬು ಹ ನಲಿ ಡ್‌ ಕಸಿ ರಾ“ ಇಡದೆ ಜದ ತನ ಸ್‌” ರಾಂ“ 6 ಇಪಿದರಾಷರುು ಈ ಕ ತ ಹಾ ತ ಇ ನ ಜ್‌ ಬ್‌ ಡಿ ಸುರರ ಏಿತರಾಯಾ ಜು ವ್‌ ಹ್‌ ಇಇಂ ಎ ರ 2% ಷ್ಟ [ಬಃ ಸಆನಸಸವಣರ್ಯಷ ಮು ಕ ಸ ಲಲ್‌ ರಾಗ -ಇಂಐ ಳು ಡು ಎ ಧ್‌ ಇರರ ಇಷ್ಟ ಇಸ್ಟಾನು ಹ ಸಡಾ ರೀರ್ಜಕ್‌ವರಾರ್ಯಾರರ್‌ರ್ಹಾ್‌ ಇಷಬಹ 3-ಪಲ ಾ್‌ಕ್‌ಇಂತ ಬಡ್‌ ಆನ ಬಬೂ ಚ ; ವತ ಈ) ಿ ರಾಜ ತುಸ್‌ಗೈ ತಾರ್‌ ಸ ಎನ್ನೆ ಮ ಕ ಇಸತತ್ರಡಿ ಆಯುದ್ಟಿ ಸಮ್ಮಾರರಾ್‌ ಟಾ ವಷ ಇಕ್ರಾ ನಬಾರರ್‌ ಸವಲಪ ರಾನರ್ಜದ್‌ ಜಾ ಬ್‌ ವಂ “ಡಿ ಬ! ಲ 1ಎ ತೆ ಈ ಪ ನಾತ ತೆ ಗ್‌ ಇ) ಇಷ ಲ್‌ ದರ್‌ ರರ ಕಾರಮನ ಇರಹ ರಾಸಿತ್ಮಾರಿಈ ಳಿ ಶಾ ದಾಗ ಬಡಾ ತಾ ಶಾ ಜಾ ಯು ಜ ಸಾರಾ, ಆರೇ ಲ ಜೆ ಸು ೨ ಸಿ ಚೆ ಸ ಇಇ ಜ್‌ ದ್ಯ ಲ್ರು ಡಿ ಮ ಸ ದ “ಕ್ತ ರ್‌ಂ ಡೆ ಹ್ಮು ( ಗೆ ರಾರಾ ಹದರ ಲ. ಓಟ ನರಆರಾಾ್‌ಪಹ ಚರ ದ ದ್‌್‌ ಸೇಲ್ಯ ಇ ರ ಸ್ರ ು ದ ತ ಲ ದ್‌ ಆ ನಾ ಸ ಜಾ ತ ಇ ಸ ಗಾ ಆ) ಲ ಸ್ತ್ರ ಸೌ ಹಾಡ್‌ ಸು ನ. ಕ್ವ ಸ ಕ ವ ಚ ನಡಿ ಸು ಸ ಟ್‌ ನ ಕ ಆ (೯ ಇ ನಷ ಅ] ಅನ! ನು ಇ ಇಸ ರಯಹಿ ಇ 6ಬಿ ಸ್‌ ಹ್ಮ ಗಾ ದ್ದ ಚ ಜಾ ಡೂ ಪತ್ನ್ಟಷಷ್‌ ನತ್ತ ಆ ಜಾ ಯಾ ಹ ರು ತ್ರಾ ಲ ಜಾ ಎ 4 ಸ ಸೆ ಆ ಕ್ಕ ್‌್‌ ಸ್ನ ಕ್‌ ನ । ಆರು ಜಿತ್‌ ನ ಬರ ನ್ಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ ಇ್‌ ಡಯಾ: "ಈ ತರಾರ್‌ ಸ್ವಲರ್ಮಡಃ “ವಂ ಇರೂಇವಿ ಎ ಚಹತ « ಈ2: ಜಾಯಿದ್ದ] ತ್ರ "ದಿಸಿ ಜಮರರ್‌ಷ್ಯ 5 ಡರ್‌ ಇ ಹಸ ಹ .., ಜ್ಯಾ! ಲಾ ಆಡಿ ಹ ತು ದ ಲಜ್ಜಾ, ದ್ರು ಬ ಕಾ ತಿ ಹಾಡ ಡ್‌ ಆ ಚತ ಹಬ ಟಟ ಲೌ ಸ-ರು”ರೂರ್ಗರ್ಥತ ಜರಷ್ತದಷ್ಕ ಇ ದಾತ ಹೆ ನು ತ್ರ” ಇಳಯ ಬ ವ ನ್‌ ೆ ಬ್ರ ತ ಜ್ಯಾ ದ್‌ ಇ-ಸರವಪ ನರ್ಣಷ್‌ವನ ಬ ತ ರದ ಆನ್‌ ಬರಾಲಾ ನಾರ-ತ್‌ಸರರರಾಾನಾ ಹ "ರ್ಯ ಸ್ಯ ತರ್‌ ಣ್‌ ಆರ್‌ ದ್ವಜಿನಸ ಾ್‌ೊ್ಧಾ ರೋ ಕ ಇರ್‌ ಜಿ ಶ್‌ -ಷ ತ ಇ “ಸದರಿ: ಲ್ಲಾ ತ ಇಲ್ಲು ಇ್ಞಸಾಸಲೂ ರ್‌ ಜ್‌” ಬು (ಪ್ರಿತರರಾಮರ-ನತ್ಕ ಕಾಸ ಸಆಾಯಿಸಗ ಧು ಇ ಇ ಆುಳ್ಕಾರಾತ ಇಜರಾರರ್ವಸಾದ ಳ್ಳ ನು ಸಾರ್‌ಾಷು ಭ್ರಾ್ಮಾಲ್ಯರ್ಯಾ್‌ ಬ ಗೆ ತ್‌ಾ ಬ ಜಯ ಜ್ನ ಬರ್ಟ್‌ ಕಜ ಇಹ್‌ಸಿ ಇಚ್ಛ ಇ ಭಾಗೆಮಾ-ಯ ಸ ಬಾಡ ಟ್‌ ಹೂ ಹಿಮಾಷ ಜಯತಿ ರುಎವ್ನಾಜಂ ನಿ ಕೆ ಇತ್‌ ಲರ್ಯ್‌ಧಾ ರಷ್‌ರಯಾ ಯೃ ತಡಿ ಲ್ರ್ರ ದ ಆಜ್‌ ಇತ್ತಾ ಛು” ಇಜ್ಮರಾಸಯನವರಾ ಜತವಾಇಳಷ್ಟಾಸಿ ಷರಿ ಆ ಬಜಡ್ಟ್‌ ಉ(ಾಹರ್ಥ-ಂ ರಾಸ್‌ ಇರರಾಲ್‌ಷೈಡ್ಸಾತ್ಕಾ ತ ಇತ್ತಾ ಈರ್‌ ಇನ್ನ್‌ ಜಾಸ್‌ ಲೆ. ಸ್ಳಿ ಶೆ ಹೋ ವಾನ ಟಿ ಬ ತಾರರ್ಸಷಮು ಸ್ವತಃ ರ್‌ ರಾಸಿ ಅಜರ” ಒಡಕು ಜಾನು ರಹಾ ಎ9ಕಲ್ಟ್ರ ಐರರರಾರ ಹರ್ಚಷಾಗಾಲುೂಂ ಶಾ! ಜಾವ ಇ ರಾ ಲುಕ್ರಿ ಆರಾ ಇಸ್‌ ತದ ದವ ಐಡಿ ಳಿ ಬಾನಿಷ ಎಬಿ ಇಷಡ್ಯಜಿ ಲ್ಲ ಆಜ್‌ ಇ ಜಾಮಿ ್ದ ಲು 2 ಜ್ನ ಟಿ ಕು ಹ ಷ್ಟ ಸಾಸ ಅವರಿ ಇನಿರ್ಯಾರಾಯಾ 9ಡಿ ಒಕೂ ಒರ್ಯಣಆ ಇುತರವ್‌ಸ್‌ಹಿಷಾ ಆ ಮಮ್‌ಹ್ಯಾರಿಸರಾರ ಶಾರ್ಜಾ ಛಿ ಇರು್ಪದ್ದು ಸಲ್ಲಿ ಇಾಧ್ಯರ್ಯಾಹ್‌ಾ ಆಲಿ ಹಾ ಇನ್ನದಾ ರ ಜಾ ೬ರ ಆರರ -ಕಾರಾವ್‌ರತ” ಇಳು ದದ್‌ ಯುಂ ಇಸಾ ಆರ್ಥ್‌ ತ್‌ಾ ಜು ಬ ಲಾವ್‌ಸಸ ಲು ಲುರ್ಯಾತವನ ಇರ ಷ್ರುತ್ತಷ ನಿ ಈ ೧ ಜ್ಯ (1 ) ಜಾರದ ಎ ( (6 ಇರ್ತಾಸ್‌ಕರಾಶಾಕಾರ್ಗಾರಾರಗಕಾಕಾಸಾಗಾಸಾಘಾವಾಾಶಾವಾ “ನ ಹರಾಡಿ ನಷ ವವ ಮಾತ ಬ. ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಪಾಟು ಜ್‌ ಗಯಾ ಹ ಬ್‌ ಘಿ ಚಾ ಸು ಳ್ರು ತೆ ಹ ಎ್ಯಬೈಪ ಕರನ್ನು. ನ್‌ ದ್ರು ಸ್ಷ್ಗ 1 ತರಿ (ಇಳೆ ಇಫ್‌ ಇ ನಾ? \| ರ್ಯಾ ಯ ಬ್‌ ಇ ಕ್ಯ ಸ್ವ ವ ದ್ದ ಅ ಜು “ಷನ ತ ಜದ ಆ ರರ ಜಿ 41 ಹವೆ ಬ ಮ ಭಾ \|ಿಫ್ಟ ಹ ೫, ಈ ಸು ಲ ತ್ರಾ \| 2 \| ಸ್‌ ಇ ಳ್‌ ನಜ ಬ್ಲ್ಯಾ್ಗ ದ ೯ ಜರಾ ಸಜ ಯ ಪಜಯ ಲ ಲ್ಯ ಹಾ ತೆ ಗೆ ತತ್ಕಾಲ ಸ್ಟೆ ಸ %್ಯ ನಾರದ ಸಲ ರರ ರ್ಯಸರ್‌ಸರಾನ ಸಜ ರರ್‌ಾರ್ಡ ಕ ಎ ಯ ಹರಾಜು ಇರು ; ಸು ಚೆ ಗ ಫಗ ತ ` 4" ೪ ಹ ಐರಂದುಂ- ರ್‌ ಮು ಖು ದ ಪ್‌ ಫೆ ಸ ಸ್ಯ 6 ಸೇಣಾಾಳ್ಯಇಾರಾಹ್‌ಪೈೊ ಹ ಬಲ್‌ಪ್‌ಇು್ತಿ: ಇ ಅಹಿ ಟ್ರ 1 ೆ ಎ ರ್ಸೌ ಚ್‌ ಎ ತೆ ಆಲು ಶ್ಯ ಎಲ್ಸ್‌ ತ ಎ 251 ಗ್ಗ ಎಕ ಬರ್ಯಾ 1 ಮಾಜ ಎರಾ ಆರಾ ಲಾಸ ಸರೂ, ಆಜ್ಯ” ಭ್ಯ ಜು ಪ ಬ ಇ ಉರ ಎಂ ಜೂಮ್ರ ವಿರ 6 ಹಗ ಜಗ ಇಟ್‌ ಜೆ. ಸ ಸ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಜ್‌ ಸ್ನ ಡಾ ಲ್ಯಾ, ನ್‌ ಬೇ ದ” ಜ್‌ ತಾ ದು ಕ್ಷ ಇಗ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ತ್ರೂವಃ ಚಾ” 4 ಸಾ ಶ್ಲ ಕ ಕ ೫ ಲ” ಇನ್ನ್‌ ಫ್ಮಗೆಪ್‌ಷ್‌ ಇ ಹತತದ ಬ್ಯಕೊಂಾಳ ತವ್‌ ಜಾ ದ್‌ ದ ಬ್‌ ನ. 1 1 ಸ ಕ ಸೂತಕ ಹ ಇ ॥ ಛ್‌ ನ್ನ್ನ ಜ್ರ ಕ ಸ್ನ ಇಸ್‌ ಟು ಲು ಸ್ರಾಸರರ್‌ದ್ರಹ ಆದಂ ಬ ಬ ಉದಾರ 1% \| ಹ ಎ ಶ್ರ ಇ ನ್‌್‌ ಸ್ಯ ನ ವಾ್‌ ರೆ ೫ ದ್ದು ಸ ್‌ ಕ್ರಾ ದ ಇ ಸ್ರ ಜಬ ದಬ್‌ ಸ ಸಲ್ಲ. ವಾ ನವ ಟ್ಟ ಸಾತ ಎ ತ್‌ ಎನಿ ಬು ಇ ಇಸ್‌ ಥ್ಹಷ್ಟಿ ಳ್ಳ, ಗ ಲ್ರು ಬ್ರ ಡಿ ಬ ಗ ಕ ಸ ಕ್ಟ ಕ ಎ ರರಭಾಾರ್ದರ "ಯ್‌ ಇಷಆಯ್‌ಆಂ ಇಕ್ಕೆ ಇರು 7ನ ಸ್ಟ ದ್ವ ಬೀರರ್ಯಾಷರ ್‌ೆ ಮ ಹ 1 ಡಿವಿ. ಹಸಿ ಅ ಗಿ ಇ ದರ” 0 ಕ್‌ ಗ ಇತ್‌ ಹೋ ಡಸ ಲ್ಲಿ ಷಾ ಬೃಹ ಷ್ಣ ಇ ಇರ್‌ ಇರಾನಿ ಪಾ ರು ಸಾರ ಬಜ್‌ ಪಜಯ ಎ ವ್ಯಾಸ ಜಾಂವ್‌ತ್‌ಕ ಆಹ್‌ಯಾಟಾ್ಥಾ್‌ ಸದಿ ತ ನಸಾಷರ್ಥಿ- ನರರ್ಯಾ ಜ್‌ ಹಾ ತ್ತ. ಇಯ ರ ತೆ ಗೆ 0 " ತ ವ್ರ ವ್ರ ಗ ಸ “ವ ಜರದ ಆರ್ಯನರ ್‌ಶ್ರ॥ ಜಂತಿ ಉಮಾ ಕಾ ಜ.. ಇಷ್ಟೋ ಇವ ಜ್‌ ಗ ಇವಿ ಇನ ರೂ. ರ್ಯ ಬ್‌ ೇ್ರ ಕ ಲ ನ್ವ ಎ ಬ್ರಾ ಎ. ಡೌ ಹ ಬೋರಾಡೆ-5 ಎಂಗೆಷ್ಟಾ ಇರಾ ಮಾ ಳ್ಳ ಬಾಷ್‌ ಷಾ ಜ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಜೂ ರಾ ರ್‌ ದ್ದ ಹ ರರ ಭಾಸ ರ ರಷ್ಟು ಗ ತ್ಯ ಳು ದ್‌್‌ ತಾ: ಗಾ ನ ಸ ಗ್ರಜ್ಮಾ ೨ ಇ \| ತ ಇತ "ಸ್ಯ ಇ ಸ ಇಲ್ಲ“ "್ನ ಜಕ್ಕ ಬಾಜ್‌ ಜಸ ಬ್ಯ? 1) ಜು ಕ ಜೆ ದಾ "ಮಾ ಸಂ ಸತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಎ ಗೌ 2. ಖ್ಯ ಸ ಕ ತ ( ಣು ಖಾರ್‌ ನ್ನ ಭ್ಹಾಳ್‌ ಹ್ಮ ಘರ್‌ ಭರ ತ ಸ್ರ 1 ಟಬಾಂತ್‌ ] ಗ್ಗ ಗೆ ಛಾ ಷ ಎಕ್ಸ ಚಕ ಸ ಛಾ ಎಟಿ ಬು ರುಪಿ ಭಲ್ಯಧಾಳು/ಇದರ್‌ಜ ರುಷ ಕಿಷುಣಡ ಜೂ ಇರಗರರಯಲ್ಲ ರಲ್ಲ ವಾ್‌ ಜು ಕ್ಕೆ ಸ ಲ ಕಾ ಬಾ ವ್ಯಾ ಇಲದ 8 ಜಹಾ ಷ್‌ ಸಸ ಸ್ಟ ತ ಸ್ಮ ಧರಾ ನರನ ಜ್‌ ಸರಾ ಲ್ವ ಇಜಿವವ ಇ (ಇರರ ಸ ಸೆ 1 ಟಿ) ಮ ಯನಸಾವ ಗನಿ ಎನ್ನೊ ಖಿ ಯ ಸೆ ಶಿ ಜರಾ ತೆ ಎರರ್‌ ಕ್‌ ರಿ ಹು ಮಸರ ಜಟ ಟಾ ಜಾ ಕಶ] ತಕ ರಾ ದರ ಪ್ರ ಮ ನ ಎಫ ಜ್ಯ. “ನಜದ ವಾ ರಸಾರ್ಡ್ರ ಷಃ ಜ್‌ ಕ್ಷ ಲ 1 ತ ಇನಿ ಸ ಹ ವ್ರ ಛ್‌ ಕ್ಸು ಳ್ರ್ರಾ ೪ 8 ಸುಖು ಇಸ ಸರಜೂ ರರ ಐಓ ಡಾ ಯ ಆ ಡಿ ಸ್‌ ಶ್ವ ಕೆ “ಜಸ ಸತಾ ಮಾತರ ಸಹರಾ] ಅ ಬಾ ನ ಸ ನ \| ಕ ೪್ಬು ಳ್ಳ 1 ಶ್ರಿತಾ ೨ ಸಿರಿಪಿ "ಷ್‌ “ಡು ಹೆ ಜ್‌ ಸ್ಯ ಗ ಡಾ ಜ್‌ ರಾಜರ ್‌ 5 2 ಎ 4! ದ ಮಾ 2 ಕ! ರ ಜ ಹ ದ್ರಾ ಸ್ಟ ರಡ ರಲತ ಇದ್ದೇ ಜರಯಾ ೪7ರಷ್ಟು ಧಾರಿ ಹ ಗ್ಯ ದ ಗ ರ್ಟ ಎಜಿ ದ್ರ 4 ಆರ ನ್ನ ಖ್ಯ ಇವರು ತಾ ಬದಿ ಅಗೆ ಸ್ರ ಜು. ವ್‌ ಇ ಕ ಸ್ಸ್ಮ್‌ ಜ್‌ ವ ಚಾ ೆ ಜಸ ಬ ದ್ರಾ ಕ್ಷ ಜರಷ್ಟಾಇಬ್ರ ಇಸ್ರಾ ಇಷಒಷನ ತ ತ್ತೆ ಎಡಿ ಸಕ್‌ 1 ಕ ಸ ಜೆ ಗೆ ಜಾ ಜ್ಯ ಗೆ ತ ನ್ನ ಪ ಸಧ್ಯ ಳು ಎ ಇ ವಜಾ ನಜರ್‌ ನ್ಮುಕ್ಪಾಲ್ತ ಅ ಇ ದ್ಯಾ ಕಾ ಕಳು ಎ ಗಮ ಎ ಡಸ ಎಸ ದಿದ ಮು ಇ ಸ ಸ ಹಕ್‌ ಸ ರಕ ಶ್ಯ ಇಹ್ರೋಘಾ ಸ್ಯ ಆಜು ತಾರ್‌ ಹ್‌ ಡಿ ದ್ದ ಜ್ಯ ನಾಾಗಇಷ್‌ಲ ತೆ ಡಾ! ಸ್‌ - 11 ತ ಮ "ತಾಂ ಶ್‌ ಸಿ ಇವರ ದ ಹ್‌ ಇರ ಾಯ್‌ ಆಜಾ ಲಾ” ಆ ಮ ವ ಪಚಾ ಇ ಳಾ ಹ ತಾತ ವ್ರ ಸೆ ಸ ಆ ಬಂಡಿ ಸಹರಾ ಜೊ ಚಾವೋ ಸುರು ಚ ಜೂ ವ್ಯದಾ್‌ ನ್‌ ಬ್ರಹ ಹ್‌ಡ್ಚರ್ಯಾಾ ಐ ಹಾ ಜಿ) ಸಿ ಐ \| ಷಾ ಸ ಜು ಳು ಟ್ರ ನಾ ; ಹ ಚ ದ್ಯ ನಸ ವಾರ್ಡ ಕೌರ್ಯ” ಕ ಸ್ಸ್‌ ೯ ಹ ಜರ್‌ ಮಸಲಾ ಸ್‌ ಎ ಹ ಕ್‌ೆ ಸ ಆ ಬ್‌ ಸ ಪ ಮಾಸು ರ ರಾಮರ ಹ್‌ ಮಾ ಇದು ಬಡವಿಷ್ಯ ಇನು ಯಾನ್‌ ಇವ ಪಿ ಲಗವ ನ್‌್‌ ಸೇಜಾಸತ ಕ್ರಷ್ಟಾಸಲ, 1 ಟ್ರಾ ಎಲ 2 ೨- ಇವ ಆ ಹು ಚ್‌ ಲ. ನಾ ಇತ್ರ ಬ್ರ 'ರಅಯಯ ರಾಷ್‌ ನಾಗಾ ಮ್ಲ ವಂ ಕರತ ಸಾ ಗಾ ಯು ಲಾಯ ಹಲ ಟೆ 4 ಲಾ ಇಷ್‌ಥ್ವಂ-ಷಿ ಜ್‌ ನಾವ ಶ್ತ ಜಪ್ರರಾಜ ತಾ ಜಾ ೫೪ನೆ ತ ಕಾ ಕ ಅಭಾವ ಜ್ಯ ಶಯ ಬ್‌ ರ್ಜ್ಯಾಗುು ಹಷಾಡ್‌್‌ಳ ಇರಾ ಎ೫) ರತ್‌ ಹರ್ತಿ ಹಾ ನಡನ ಮಜ ಆ ಜಾರಾರಾಸ್‌ಡರಿ-ಷಗರರ-ಐಸಿ ಡ್‌ ಆಷತ ಹಗ್ಗ ಬಾ ಡ್ಯ ಇಷ್ಮಾ ಸರೂರ : "ವ ಇರಾನ್‌ “ ಸಲಾಮಿ ಆ ಗುಂ ವ ಆಯ್‌ ಇ್‌ಹೈ್‌ ಜಾತು ದ ಗಜ] ಬ ` ಷೆ ಇ -್‌ಷಾರಾಗಹಾ ರಾರು ಆತ್ವಾಡ್ವಾಲ ಇಜಾಜ್‌ ಬ್ರ ತಾ ಮಾರಕ ಗ್ದಾದ ರಾ “ಡಾ ನಾತ ಕ್‌ ಕಾ ಗದ್ದ ಕದಿ. ಸ 1 "ಹಲಿ ಹ್‌ ಸಿ ಇರಾ ದ್ರ ಆಸ ಇ ಇರಾ. ಕೈ ಇತ. ಬರಾರರರಿಯು ಬರ್ಕ ಸರಸ ಶಾಹ್ರತುಾಿ5 ಸತ್ಯೂರಾಾರಾಸ ಚಿಷ್ಟ್ಟಳಾ್‌ ಸ್ಟ ಒಲವ ನಡಯತ್ಯ ಇತ್‌ ಕ್‌ ಸ ಇನ್‌ “ವ್‌ ಎ ್ಪ್ಥ ಇರಡರಾವು್‌ದ ಗರಿ ರಾಹಿ ನರದ ಜ್ನಹ್‌್‌, ಮರ್ಮಾ-ರರರಕ4 ಹೇಲು, ಇದೂ ರತ ತ ಜ್ಯ ತ ೪ ೧ ಇಸ್ವಿ ತ್ನ ಇಡು ಬ ಮಂ; ಭಾ: ಸಾ ಜರುಗ್‌5 ಯುಾಸಾರಾಘವ ಭಾ ರ್ಯಾ ಸ] ಜು ಕು ಬ ಘ್‌ ೪ ಸಹ ಅರ” ೆ ಚ ಸ ಸ] 1 ಕ್ತ ನು ಇಗ ಗೆ 4 [ಜ್ಯ ಸಾತ ರ್ಯಾ ಬಡಿ 31 ಕಾಣಿ ಲು ಎಧು ೨ ಇತರರದಾರ್ಥಾಡ” ತ ಮ್ನ "ಡುತ ರಾವಿ ದ ಡ್ನ ರ ನಳದ ಲ್ವ ಯು ತತ್ತು ಭತ್ತೆ 7 ರ ಚ! ತೆ ತ ನ್ನು ನದಿ ಇರು ಇಾರಾೂಾ ಜ್‌ ಡಷುಖ-ಇನಸಗ್‌ಸಿ \| ಸ್ಯ ಇ ತ ; ಜಾಂ ಣಾ ಳ್ಳ ಜ್ತ ವ ಅಸಪ್ರಸಾಾ ತನ್ನ ತರ್ಕ ್ಳುಃ ಜಲ ಸಕಾರ ಜ್‌. ನರಾ ನ್‌್‌ ಣು, ಪೂ ಾ“್‌ -ಇರಿಅರಾಾದ್‌ಹಕಾ ರಸವ ಇವ್ರ ರಾ ಸಾರಾಡ್‌ನ್‌ ಆಸಾಸೊಮಪ್‌ಹಡೊತಂ ಇಸಾ ಶಾಸಿ -ರ್‌ಜ್‌ಮ್ಮೈಸ್ಯಿರರಣನ ನರ್ಮೋಕಡ್‌ಕೇರ್ಟಾ ಕರಕ ಶಾಲಂಎರಾಹರಸರಯತಾಾಸೆ ರಡಿ ಇನಿದು ಇಷ್ಟಿ ' ಆಲ್ಸೆ ಕ ಪ್ಪ ಜಾ 2 ್ಯಷ್ತಸೋಳಾಲಹೆಸಾರಾರಹು ಇವನೆ ಬು ಎ ಜು ಯ ನ್ಯು) ಸ ಇರಾ ರುವಾರ್ಸ್ರೀಕು ಇಲ್ಲಾನರನಿಂಂಡಿಧ್ಲಗಇವೈೇಸೆಂ-ಡೀಹ್ಯಾರ್ಳಿದನಾ ಖಾರಾ ಸವತ ನುವ್ಯಿದರಿಇಎ ಆದರ ಬಣಕಾರ ಪಾಕ ರ್ಟ ವೈಸಾ ಶತಾಸರಾಹ್‌ನ್‌ ಎನೆ್ಟರ್ಕಾಡ ಪರಾಕು ಇ್ಟತ ಲಾಜ ನಳ್ಳಿ ಆಮುವ್ನಿ ಬಾುಭ್ಯೆ ಡ್ಯ) ಜರಾ ಭಾರ್ಯಾ ಅರಕೇರಿ ಉರಹ್‌ತೆ ಒು ತ್ರತ್ಟಿನಿರರಾಸ್‌ಿ ಇಲ-ಷುಇಾಾ ಬ ಯಾ ಗಗಳಷ್ಟಿರನ್ನು ಲ ಆಯುಕ್ತರ ಹರಸು ತ್ರಕನೆಇಸುಕರುರಾವ ಸಾರಾಷಲರ್‌ಡ್‌ರ ಎಾಸ್ಟ್ಬಂರ ವಾತಾ ಯಯ್ಯಸಾದರ್ಸಷೇದರಾರರಿಸೋರ್ಗರ ಲಾಇ ಾಂಾರಾಗಾರ್ಪ್ರನೆರರ್ಗದ ರ ಆರಾರು ಇರರು ಅಾಷರಾನೇಲಾಳಿತ್ತ ತರ್ಕಾವರ್ಟಾಸಮರಾಗ್‌ವಾರಾಕರಾವಗಗುಗವನಸ್‌ಇಸೂರ್ಕೆ ರಾ ಟಟ ಮು ಎ -ರ್ಕಪ್‌ಹಷಂತನರ್ಯಾರವ್ಲಗಾಗ್‌ರ್ಮನಳಣು ಸ ಸ್ಟ್ಯಾನಿ \| ಮು “ಸರಕರ ಇರವಫ್ರೇಕ್ಸ್‌ ರಿ ಇಾರನರಾರಂನ್‌್‌ಕು ನಹ ಒಾಪಿತಶಾ 'ಪ್ರೆ,ಇರನಿಒ 4 ರಂತ ರ್ಟ ಸ್ರತ ಸೂ ೦೨ ಕಕರಡಲಾರ್ಕಕಾಕಾರ್ಜಾತ ಮ್ಮಾ ವ ರಸ ಗ್ರ ಢಿಲ್ಬರಾಸಾರ್ಕಿಸರರ್ಪಣಾಸತಿ ಬ ರ ಬೂ -ತಣತಿಫಪಸ್‌ಮ್ಯೋವೆಂಸಗೂಂಸಿತಿಲಲಸಂಮ್ಮೇವೆಸಸಟ್ರ ಅಆ ರರವ್‌ವರಾಸಿ ಇಸ್ಟ್‌ 7ಡ್ಕಕವ್‌ಇ್ರ ಆರಂ “ರಡಿ ಲಂಸ ದಥ ಎಡೌಗ್‌ಸಂಡನಿ ಅವನಾ ಶಸನ ಾಪಡಾರಷರಾಳಲಾಸೊ ಕ್ಯಾಳಾರಸ್‌ನೊ ಪ ರ ಬ ಬ ಎ ತ್ರಿಕ್ಷಕವಾರಾಾತರಡ್ಯಸ್‌ಡ್ಣ ವಯ ಫು ಎಂಬೀ ಸಾಜ ಜು ಜೀ ಅಮ್ಮೀರ್ಡಾಸದೆ ಇವನ ಆ ಉರಯ ಇಸಾಕೂತ್‌ ಭ್ಮಿಸರ್ಸಾ ಬಾಕ ಡಸರಾಳ್ನಸ್‌ಫ್ರೈಎಸಿ್ಪು ತ್ತ ಜಂತಸಷ್ಟೂಕ,ಅಾತ್‌ೇಲ-ರ್‌ಸ ಸೋಂ ತಾನೀಗವರತ್ಕ ಇರರ ಕುರ್ಸಾಸಿಾಯಷ್ಪ ಗಾ ಇತ್ತಾಪ್ಜಾ ದ್‌ಸರತ್‌ಕರಾಾಲಹೊಸ ಲವ) ಇವೂ ಕಾಕಾ ಎನರರೂಲರ್ಮ್‌ ಇಳಾ ಆ-ಹಾರ್ಟಸ-ಸರಾಸಸಾನಲೊ ರಜಾ ಒಹಾ ಮಂ ಜಪಂ ಆಜ್ಯ ರವ್ವಪೊು ಇ ಐಲರರ-ಪೂ ರ್‌ ಭ್ಯ ಖಿರಾಜವಾರಾು ಟ್‌ ಬ ಯೂ ; ಅರ್ನಣಡ್‌ಕೊಪ್ಪೆಂಡ್‌ವಾಇ ಬಡಸ-ಸೂ(ಕ್ಷಿಯಿರಾರಾಗಿ ಇರರ ಪಾರಾಷ್‌ನೂ ನ್ವ ಆಡಡೀಲಿವ್‌ಇರಾವರಾಸ್ಯೋ, ಮುಸರಯ ಇಳಸರ್ಟುಹ ಭಾಸ ಗಾಡ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಆರರ ಎಮಿಲ ಇನಿತು ಸ್ತ ಧನು -ರ್ಜಾಫಸಂರರಾಣಿತ್ಟಿ ಕ ಅಾಸ್‌ಕ್ಷರ್ಣರ್ಸ್‌ನ್‌ಹ್‌ಷ್ಟ ೋವೇರವಗಸರಾಳು ನಮ್ಮ ಜಿಇ ರ ಷ್ಟ ಆರ್ಜಾತಟ್ರ'ೆ _ತರ್ಣೋುರಾ ರಾರಾ ವಸ ಾರ-ರರ್ಜಮಿಇ ಫ-ವ್‌ಇಹು-ವರ್ಮಕಾಇಾರರ್ಣದ ಪ್ರ್ಲೀರರರರ್ಷಿಳಲು ಜೋ ಲೆ ರಾ ಎ \| \| ಹ ೋ ೊ ೋ ೋ ೋ ಮ ಇನು & ಅಸರಾಯರ್ವಸರಿಣಾ ಸರ-ಡಿ-ಷಿ ಇರಮರ್ಥಿದ್‌ನಾ ಲ್ಯ ಪ್ರಂತತ್ರಿ ಪ್ರ ಶ್ರಿಸ್ಯದ್‌ರಸೆ ಜಾ “ಇಡ್ಲಿ ಆರಾಬಾರ್ಕರಾವಗನೆ ಇಹ ಜಾತ್‌-ಹೀೋಸ ಭಾರತದ ಆತೆ ಬಸವರಸ ನಿಷ್‌ - ಅರಸ ಮನಸೀ ರವ' ಇ .. ಜೂ ಗ ಬ \| ಸ ಜೆ ಗ \| ಯ ಗು ಸ ಸ -ಸಷ್ಟೊೊಡ್ಕಾದರ ಭ್‌ ಬ್ಯಣಾಂಜೆ ಇಡ ಜರದ, ಅದ್ಯಾವ ಹ ಆಷ್ಟ ಕಸು ಎಡಂತರ ಫ್‌ ನರರ ಇಣ, ಣ್ತರ್‌ನರಫಿವ ಸುಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಶನ ಕ್ಯಾನ ಇವ ಎಂಡರಾಯಿಷ್ಕು -ಜೂಾರಾಸಾಾರ್ಸ್ಯಗಲಕಷಾಾ ದಾಜರ್ಯಾಸರಿಷ. ಸಳ ಸಾ ಮಾಸು ಬು ವು ಸುಶಿ ಬರು ಸಾಸ್‌ದಶ್ಕವವ್‌ಇ” ; ಪ್‌ಪೌರಭಣಸಕಸಹಳಾತಿಸನ್ಟಾದಾನಿಷಿ. ಅವ್‌ಸುವಿನ್ಬವನ ಇ” ೬೧೫5 'ನಲ್ಲುತಿ ತ್ರೀಜರ್ಯಯಲಿಷ್ಟೀದ್‌ಸ್ರ ಕಪ ಎ ಯು ಯಾ ಇನಷ್ಟು ಇಸಇಾಸವ್‌ಪ್‌ನೊನ್ನುದಾರಜ ಇರ್ವ ಆರ್ಜಿತ ದಿಪ/ ಇಟ್ಟ. ತ ಎ ಯಉ್ಪ ಇತ್ರ ಅಸತ ತಗ (ಇ ಆಇನ್ಟುರಯ್‌ಹಹಿ ಅದ ಜನರಟಾರಳಿ, ಇಲ್‌ಪನಿಇ ಇಣ್ಛಾಇ ವಾ ಜಾ ಆರ್ತ, ಸ 1 “ಸ ಕವಾಯ ಎಂರಹ್‌” ಇಷ್ಟ್ಮಾಸೇ್ಸುಾರರ್ಣಗ ಆನಾದಿ ಡರವಡಿ ರಾ” ಸಹಾತಿಸಿ ಇರವು ಜರಾವ್‌ವಗಾಯಿ ಇಡೇನಸ್ಟ್ಸಾಡ -ಕ್‌ಸರರೇಡೇಇಿ ಮ್ರ ಇಸ್ರಾ ಕರಾ \| ರ್ಟರ್ಥಿತ ಸೋ ಟರ್ಕ್ಸ್‌ ಅತಷ್ಠಿತಷ ಯಾರ ಯು ನನನ ಸ್ರಿ ಇಗರ್ಸವಾಸವರತ್ರಿ ಇವಗರಾಗೊದ್ದೇಕರಾಇರವಾನಎರಹ್‌ದರಾ ದ ಆ ಇಸಿ 2 ತ್ತ ನಹಿತ್ತಿ ಆವ್‌ನ್ಲೂ ಇನಿ ರಾಖಿ ಎ ಜ್‌ ಸಾರರಾತ್‌ತಲಾರರ್ಥಿ ಸಾಯಿ ಎಇ ತಾಸ ಇಸಿರಾರಬೇರ ಸಿ ಸಿಫವ್‌ಸರಹುಎಾಾ” ಒತಿನಿಇಗು್ಟಿ ಎತಇಷತ-ಕರ-ರಸ ೫ ತಿ ಬಾರಿನ ಗಡ ಇರರಾರಕ್‌ಇಾರ್‌ಇಲಾರವಿಸಗತ್ಕ” ಸಕಸ್‌ ಇಾಸರಾನೂ, ಇಮೀರಿಷ್‌ರ್‌ಲ ಇಳ್ಲತ್ತ ಗಾಸಿ ಇಂ ಎ ಎ ಇ ರ್‌ ತ ಸಾ ತ! ನಹನ. ತ “ೂ ವವ್‌ಷ್‌ಸ ರ ತುಷ್ಟಾ ಮ ನ್‌್‌ ಸ್ಕಾ ಇರಾ ನೌಾನೇ್ಲೀವನಇಳುಇಗಾಬ್ಬ ಶ್ಕಸಸರುಷಸರಾಡರೀವ್‌ನ ಪಾ ಇ5ರಾಾಸ್‌ತೆಅಪ್‌ಗವ್ರೋ್ಬ ಇಾಸಗಡರ್ಷ- ಫರಾ ಾಸಸಾಸರಿಇಾಣ ಶಿರ್ಯಾಸರ್ಗವನ "ಇಂದ “್‌ಸ್‌್ಯೋಶಿ ತರಯ ಬ ಬಜ ್ಪ್ಪೋಊ್ಬ್ಪ್ಥ ಆಾತ್‌ಸಜ-ತಎಸವ್‌ಹ್‌ಕಸಿರ್ಟಾಣಕಷ್ಟರಾಸಾಷೋ ಮೂರನ ಹಾ ಜಾ ಯ ಸೀಗಡಿ ಸ್ಟ 'ಬಗಾಸರಾಪನಗಎಂಿ ಆನದಿಇಡರ್ದಾಸರಾನಿ ಇ ಸೈಷ-ನ್‌ನ, ಇರಿರರ್ಜಾರರಾಗಾದಾಜಾರಿಎಇಎರಾ ಇಸಿ ಉಾವಡಸರಾಸರಾದರಯೂಷು ಇತ್ರ ಹ್ಮೀವಇಂಷ್ಟ್ಯ ಇರಾಗಲಾಸಇನಸಂದ್ಕ ಕರಾ ಜಾ ಇರಾಷರಾರಾಡಾಿ ಇಸಸಸೇಲು ಜಿ ಇಾರೆಕಣ ಇಡು ಘ್ರಿಾ\|ೌ ಚ್ರ್ರರರ್ಸಾು ಇರ್ಲಾಂರಾರಾಾಗ ಪ್ರಿ-ಹ್‌ತರಾತಿ ಇಳಾ ರಾಸ ಬಯ 3 ಧಂಾರಾತೂಡ ಡಾ ಹಾಾಂಷಃ ಆಮುಅದಯ-ಡರು, ಬು ಆಸಸಿಇತಾರ್ಮಸ್‌ನರಸಾ್ಕಾ3ಫ ಇ್ರೀವ್ರಿ ದ್ಯಾ ಇ ಸ ಟಾರ ಎಟ ಶಬ ಭ್ಯ ್ಪ್ಪಉ ಇರಾವನಇತೇಲ ವಸ್ತಿ ಸಸಾರ, ಆನತ್‌ಜ್ಯಲವ' ಇಷರಾಸಸಿ ಎರಾ ಕಾವ್‌ಪರನ್ಲಿಂಸ್ಟಪೋಲ) ಬಜ ಎತ 'ಸಷ್ಯಕರವಇನನಾಸಲಾ್‌ರೆಾ \| :ಇತ್‌ಸ್‌ಸ್‌ಇಡ್ಟ ಸಸ್ಯ ಲಾಸ ಸರ್ತಾಣ, ಸ ಜಾ ಸತಯ ಭುಕಮ ನ ಹಸ ಬ \| ಇಸಿ €-ಸ್ರರ್ನಾಗ್‌ಮೈಜಾರ-ಸೇಗಇಸವವಡರಿ ಸತ್‌ \| ಎಣ ಯ್ಯ ಕಾ ಎಷ್ಟೋಸಕಣಪ್ರಸಡನ ಇವ ಜದ್ಟ ಇಇ ನಾರ್ಯಾವಿನಾತಿ ವಲಾ ಪೂಸಾ 2 ಜರ ಆ ಕಗಗತ್ತೇಸ ಅತ ಳ್ಳ ಇ ಕರಾರೂತು ಇಸೀಸ್‌ ಇ ಷಿ ಹರ ತ 1 ಓಸ್ಸಿ ಇರಾ ಇರಿ ಜಷ್‌ತಾ ಜಿಕ ನ ವಕ್ಗ ಕ್‌ಈರಾಲಯಂ; ಕ್ಸ "ೆ “ಷಾ ಸಣ್ಯಇಡ್‌ ರು ತೆಂ ಕ “ು ಕಾಳಾ ಕನಬಸಾ ಗ? ಇ ್ಸ ಚಟ್ಟು ಸಾ! ತ್‌ ತಾ ರ್ವ ಳೂ ಎರ್‌ ಜಾ ಬ ಸ ಆ `` ರಷ ವರ್ಯ ುಬಹ ಚು ಗ ಕ್ಸ್‌ ಕಾ ತಿ ತೆ ತತ್‌ ಹಾ ರಜಯ 5 ಗರಿ ಇ ಕು ಇರ ಗ ಸ) ಛಃ ಕ ಡಿ ಹ ನು ಧ್‌ ಜ್‌ ರ್ಜ ಸ್ಯ ಷ್ಟ ಳಿ ವಮೃಲಿಮು ಳ್‌ “ರರ ಇ” ಪ್ರ ಕ್ಞ್ಯನಿ ವ ಗಳ ಸ್ರ ಗದು “ ಪಿ. ಸ ತ ಡು ಸ ಇಳು ವಷರ ಬ್‌ ಇಷ ದ್‌್‌ ರ್ಯ ಎವ ಗ್‌ ಜುರ್ಕಿ” 1 ಸ್ಸ "ಪರಸದ ನಿಜೂ ಜು ಇಷ್ಯು ಲ್ಲಿ ಇ ಹಾ ಸರುವ ಟೈ ಪ್ರಾ-ರ್ಯ ದ: ಇ ಲಳ ಸ್ರ ಇಹ ಹರ್‌ ಕ್‌ೆ ಡಿ ಾ! ಗೆ ಒ) ನ್ಟ ಇವರವ್ರಿರ್ಜಾಡ್ರೂವನಾಸ್ಸಾ? ಬಿ ಎಜು ಆಗಡರ್ಯಇ ಇಗೋ ಕದತರ ದ್‌ ಡೀ ಇಳು ಶಾ \| ಟಿ 1] ಕಾ ಬರಾತ ಜು; ಲ ಮ್ರು ಜತ ಪ್ರಿ “ಇಜ್‌ರ-ಮುರ್ಗುಗಾ ಜು ಕಾ) ಇಂ. ೬ ಕಸಹು ಮ ಹು ಖು) ಇ ತಿ 4 ಇಷ) ಕ್ಯ ೆ ಟಬು ದು. ರಿಜ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟ ಸರೋಜ ಗಿಡ್‌ ಶಾ ಆ" ರಾರ ರಾರಾ ನ ದ್‌ೆ 1 ತುಲ್ನ ಜಟ ಪುಟ್‌ ಇದೆ ನ ಕು” ಲು ಸುದ, ಇರಾರರುದವ ರರ ಉಂ ಇದನು ಅರಳು ಇಬ್ರ. ಇಅಾರಇರುದು ಸ ಇ್ರಾ ಆರರ ತ ಹಗಳು ್‌್‌ ೫ ಇಇ್‌ರುಕ ಬ ತ್ತಾ ಇರಾ ರ್ಯಾಂ 7ಸ್ಥು ಜಥ ಲಾ ನ್ಟ ಜಗ ಗಿ ಇ ಛ್ರ ನಯ ಇ ಥಾ ಸು ಇ ಬ್‌ ಓಡ ಸ್ಕಿ ಮು ಯ್ಯ ಲಾ ಐ ಹ ಇ ಇರ್‌ಳಳ್ಳೋರ್‌ಇನೆ ಬಾಜ ಳ್ಳ ಜ್‌! ಇಳಿ 7 ಜಸಾರರಾಸದಣಾರಾರಡ ಜಿ ಲಿ ಚಾ ಇಸಾರಾಸರಷ ರ್ಸ್‌ ಸತತ್‌ ತ ಆಲ) ನಳ್ಳುಘದ ಅರಾ ಡೆ ಲ ಕು ಈ ಾಾ ನಸ ಕಣ್ಣಾ ಇರಾ ನಾತ ನು ರ್ರ್‌ ಕ್ಸಿ ಹ (\| ನ ಚ್ಚ ಸ \| \| ಕ ತ ಎಸಿ ಸ ಟಿ ಚಕ್ರ ಸ್ವಾಪ್ಟ ಸಜ ಮ್ನ ಚಟ ಸಾ ಜಬ್‌ ಟಿ ಕಜ ಳ್‌ ಸ್ನ ಕಾ ಸ ಆಹಡಿತೆ ಲ. ಧ್‌ ರಾರಾ ದಾದ ಆ ಶ್ರ 71 ಸಿರಾ? ವರರಾರ್ಗರರ ತ ವ ತಿ "ರ್ರ ಜು) ಕವ ಸ್ಟಾ ನ್‌ ದ್‌ ಬು 3 ಜಿ ಸಲ್‌ ತತ ರ್ಥ ಕ ್ಷ ( ತ ಪ ೬.) \| ಇ ( ಪ್ಯು ಎ. ಎ ತ್ರ ಜೆ ನ ಇ ಜಾಯ ಹಾಸ ಧ್ರ] ಕಾ ಇತ್ರುಲಸಶ್ರಾರಾಲೆ ಯ್‌” ಇುಸಮ್ಮಾಣಾತು ್‌್‌ ಸಕ ಭ್ರ ವ್ಯ ಮಇರಾ1 ಚ ಇರರಹಗಡೈೊಳ್ಟಾ ಬ ಯ ಬು ಆೌಯನಇ-ಷರ್ಜಾಗ ಸ್ಟ ಇಇ ತಲ ರಾಗಗಳ್ಳುದ ಹಾಯು [\| “ನ ಚಚ್ಚು ಕ್ಕು ತ ಬ್ರ ತ್ತ? ಹಾಸು ೫೪ ಡಾ ತ್ರಾಸ ಕತ್ಟುಜ್ಜ”” ಇರವ ಸಾನ ಐತ ಮಾತು ಜೂ ಟ್ಛ ದು ಸಗ ರ್ಯಸರಾ ಹ್‌ ಸ! 4 ಜ್‌ ಐ ಭು ಸ ಕ್ರ 1 ೪%. ಮಾಸ 3 1 8 ಖ್ಯ ತೆ ನ ಳ್ಳ ಸ್‌ ನೆ ತೆ ನ್‌ ಸಕ ಸ ಇರಾ ಯಾ ಬಾಯೋ ಯಾರೂ ಲ ಇ -ಕೂಳಆಷಂಃ ತ್‌ ಅ ಷಿ ಲಡಡಿನ ಸದ ಸ ಇರ ಇರಿ ಇಸ್‌ ಇಡಾ ಚ ಮ ನಷ ್‌ ಶ್ರಾ್‌ಸಾರಿವ್ರು ಸರು “ದ್‌ ಸ್ನ ಆ ಕ 5೯ರ... ಡಹ ಸಿ ೪ ಬ ಪ ಸ ಜ್ನ: ಸ ಜ್‌ ರಾ ಎಚ ಸಹಾ ಇನಗನ ಜುಳು ಆಕರಣೆ ಇಳಿ ಧ್ವಾಸುಳಡಿ ಇತು ಇ ಮಾಮು ಬಂಡು ಇಂಸದಳ್ಳಷ್‌ ಫ್‌ ಇ ನ್ನ “ಬ್ರ ತ ಡಿ ಇಬ” ಗ್ಗ ದ. ಬ್ಯ ರ್ಯ ಗ ಗ ಇ-್‌್‌್‌ಸ್ಣ2 ನಾರಷುತಿ ಫ್ರಿ ಆ ಬಜ ಜಾ ರಾಡಿ ಜವಾಸ್ತ್‌ ತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದ ಚ ಭಾಸ ೪... ಸ 1...) ನ ದ ಹ ಡೆ ಯಗ ಜಾ ೯ _ ಶ್ರಿಷ್ಟರಾರಿ- ಜಹವ ಒಆ ಕಾಯಿ ಟ್‌ ಎನೆ "ದನನ ಲನ ವ್‌ ಇರದ ಇ ಜಾರ ಸ್ಯಾ ಂಸ್ಠಿ ಸ ೬೬ ರೌರ್ಸಾಜ್‌ ಪಡ .[. ಎ ಕ್‌ ಯ ಬ್‌ ಇಪ್ಲೀರಕಳುಸದ ಜಾಷ್ಯ್‌ಸುರಾದು ಲುಂಜ್‌ರಾತರಷ ರಾಜ್‌ರ ಡದ ಜ್ಯ ಇವಿರಸವೂರಾ” ಷ್‌ ಇಷಾ ಸತ್ತು 3. ಎಲ್ರ ಅರೋರ ಅವರಾ ತೆ ಇಹ ಜರವಾ ಇಇ5ರಜಿತೆ, ಇರತ್ತೆ ತ್ರಾ ಸಿಪ್ರಸ್‌ ಆನಷ್ವಿರ್‌್‌ ಹಡಿ `ಸ ಸ ಹಿಕೆಷರುಸ ರಾ ಮಿ ಡೂ ಕಾಸ್‌ ರ್ಯಾ7ಪಾಾರರರ್ಯಾ ಕ್‌ ಇಂದ ರ್‌ಜ್‌ಸೇರಾಷ್‌ಶೌ್ಟ್ಷಾಕ್‌ನ (ಟೈ ಕ \| 1 ಸ ತ ನಹಿ ಹಾಶಿಯುಬುರು. ಇ ಪ್ರಿ ಆಸಾ ಬಿನ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಎತ ಸಮ್‌ ಬಂ 33 ಶ್ಚ ಸ್‌ ತ್ಯ ಕ ಕ್ಯ ಆಜ್‌ತ್‌ಬಿಗದಿ ಇ ಆರದರಾಸಇದ್ದಾರರ್‌ಇ್‌6 ಡೆ ಆತರ ಹನ್ನಾ ಸ್ಟಾಲ್‌ ಇರ್ವಯಾತು . ತ ಜಿಪಿ ಎನಹತಿ ಇಷ್‌ರಲ ಆ್‌್‌್ಫಿ « ಛ್‌ ಗ \|] ನ ನ್‌ ಸ್‌ 1 ೧110 ನಿ ಜಾ ಸ್ರಿ ಸ \| ಕೆ ಹ ಭಾಷ್ಟಾ ಯ್‌ ಇ ..!. ಸ್ಟ ೫5 ಸ 1.1... [1 ಜಾ ಅ್ವಸ್ಪಾಕಲ್ಬ ಎಟ್‌ ಜಗ್ಗ ಕ (1.೧ ಇಸು ಡು ಬ 1 ಸುಸ್ತಿ 811 (' ೨ರ ಚಾ ಸ್‌ ) ಸೆ ಟಟ ಕ ಜು ಬಜ " ಕ ಕ ( \| ಗ್ಯ \| ಜಾ ( ಸಹಸ! [ಇ ಟ್ವಳ \| ( 1 1 1 ಳ್ಳ ಸ್ನ ಸಸ 1 9೪. ಗ ಕ ಗ ಇ ॥ ಕೈತ! ಸಗಳ ೪ ಕ ಹು ಜು ಗೆ ತ್‌ ಸ್ಠಿ ೪ \| ಸ ವಾದ ಇ.4 ಇ ಕುದಿ ೧ ಆಂ ಇ: ಸರ್ಪ ಬನ್‌ ವೃ ಇ.ಸಿ ಜಾ ಳಾ ಜಬ ಬಿ (\| ಹ ಜಾ 2 ನ \| ಸ್‌ . ಇಇಸಷರಷ ೫ ಜು ಇತ್ಥಂ ನಾತಾರಾರಾಾ ಕ ಯು ಆ ಸೊಸಷರ೯ಾಸಸಳ, ಲರ ಇಂಇರಕಲ “ಲ್ನ ದಾದ1 ಇಸತರಕ್ಟ ಜಾ ಇವವ ಎ್‌ಪರಾಾರಿ ತೆ ಬ್‌ ಡೆ ಕಾ ್‌ ಲ ಜರವಾ ಜರ್ಷಕಇಸು॥ ಗ್‌ ಫ ಇಷ ಇರ ಇಸ ಇರ್ವಜ್‌ ೇವುರರಷ್‌ ಅಜಯ ಸಾತ ನ ಇರೂ, ದ -ರರಾರ್ಥಾಡಿದ ಚಾ. ಎ.ಜಸನ್ನ,ಆ ಎಂಡ ಜುತಾ ಎರ ಊ ಳು ಇಂತ, ಇರೀಾರ-ಡ್‌ತರ್ಯ್‌್‌ ಏತಿ ಇ ರ್‌ ಬಾವಿ ನಾ ಡಹು-ಣಾರಾವ' ರಾರಾಸಾರವು ಇಸು ಶ್ರ ಇವ ಜಾ ಇನ ಎ. ಮ್‌. ಇಟ್ದ್ಮಿದ ಅಯಾ ಸುರಾ ಡಿ ಎ ಬಯ ಟ್ಬ ಸ್‌ ತಕ್ಕ್ಯತ ಆಸ್ಕಗರಇತಿ ಮ್‌ ದು ರಾರಾ ವರಾ ಎನು ಕಾ ಇಷ ಷ್ಟು್ಕಿ ಇ ಯರ್ಯರ್ಕಾಸು ್ರ ಇರಾ ತ್ಸು ಸೀಲ್‌ ಭಾ ಮರಾಾಸದಾಸಿಲೆ-ರ್ಕ ದರಸ ರ್ಟ ್ಲಾಿಡಶಿ ಎ ಷ್ಟ ಇಯ ೀ ಇ ತ್ಯಾ 8 ಣಾ ವ್ತ್‌್‌ು ಬರಯಿರಿ ಘ ಧೊ ರಾ ಬಜ ಊೋ ರು ಬುಮ್ರಾ ತಮ ಸಾ ಧಕ್ಷ ಶಿ ಪ್ರತಾಳಮಾಳುಷ್ಟ “ಈ, ಬು ಆದೂ ಕ್‌: ಸರು ಮಾ ತಂಟೂ ಷಾ ಸೆ ಇರರ ಆ-5ರ ಎತಿಎನ್ಯಕ ಆಸ ನರ್ಜಮರ್ಯಾರ್ಕುದ್‌್ಗಯ ನಡಾ ದು ತ್ಯಾ ಮಾ ತಯಫ 2 ಇಸ್‌ಹೂಇರಾರಾಸಾಫಿಳ್ಳೆ ಆಜ್‌ ಇಗ ರ್ದ ಗೆ ರಸರ್ಯಭ್ಯಾಹಿಇಇ-ಎರಿಫ 25 ಇರಾ ಜು ಇಂಯ್ಲಉಯ ನಿತ್ಯಷಿ ಜಿ ಎನ್ನು ಇಷು ಆರ ಇರುರ ಷಿ ಷೂ, ಎರಡ್‌ಕೌಸುತ್ಕ್ಯೋ ೯ಪ್‌ಹಧೌ -ಯಇಳ್ಳಇ% ಇಷ್ಟೂ ಲು ು ರ ಇರರಾರರಯ ಮೂಾರುರ್‌ರ್ಟ್‌್‌' ರಾಶ ಲ ಬುಡು ಬಾ ಬು ಇರ್ಷ4ರ-ವ್‌ನ ೪ “ನಮ ಸಾ ಇ ಯುತಿ, ರಡ ಬತ ರಾಸ ಪ್ರಗಷರನ ವರ್ಷಸ್ಟ ಇರಾ ತ್ಯಾಸಾಹಾಹಾಸಾ ರಜನ ನಾತ ಿಇರಾಡ್‌ವ ಇಂಕಾ ಆಪಿತಾಪುರ್ಥಾನ್‌ ಎ ಬ ಈರ ಬಂಡಿ; ಆ ಬಟ ಇಂ ಅತ್ತಾ ಆ. ಇಸಾ ಮಿಎಸಸರ,ಐವ)ು ಜಾರ್‌! ಚಿ ಇಈವರಷಸಯರಾಡ್‌ಹೂರಷಾಲಂಯಿ ಜಿ ವ್ಯೆ ಸು ಸ ಮೂಸುವಾಇಣರಾ ಯುಸಿ ಜಾ .ಇ್‌ಕೊೋಷ್‌್‌ ಇ ವರ್ಮ ಟ್ರಿ ಇವೂ ತ ಗ ಇದ್ದರು ಎಆಡಿರಗಾದುದ್ಲಿ ಎದರು ಎ ಆದು ್‌ಮ್‌ಕರಿಇದ್‌ಇಂೂ ಬ ಇಸ ಗುಡಸರ್ಷಷಾು ಎವ್ಯಕಾ ಆಸ ಸೈಇಂತುಂರಾರಿ ಸಿ ಯಾವನ, ಅ-ರ್‌ಹರರವಗಣಾ ಅಜ ಇನಿ ಬದಾರಾಂನನ್ನು ದಾ ಮಸರ ಇರರ ಸಗ ಮರ್‌ ೫ ಚಾ ಆಸನಿಎತ್ಟ್‌ೇ ತ ಸಾರದ ರರಾಸೂಾ “ಜಾರ ಇಸ್ಮಣೆ ಸುರರಾಡರಆ ಜಾ ನಡದ, ಎಟಿ ಎದ್ದ ಕೃತ್ಛು& ಇ ಆಡು ಆ ಇಾಸಲ್ಯರಿರಹ್‌ಷ್ತು ತ ಇ ಸ ೦3 ಇರರ ದ ಸೀಲ ಆಮ್ಮ. ೫% «ಆ ಸಿಮತ್ಯೈತರ್ಟಣ್‌ ಇರಾಕರ್ಮಾಸಗಷಷ್ಟ ಸ ತ ರಾವ್‌ ಇದೆವ್ಯಾನಸಾಲಸನಅಂಸಾಂಯ್ಯ4 ಇ ಹರಕ ಸಯ ಬಟು ಡು ಮಡ್‌ ಳ್ಕ್‌ನಇಂಯೋಸಳ ಮುರರಾವರಾರರ್ಡಮ ಆಳಾರಾಾಇಾ ಬರಲ್‌ ಗಾ ಎ ಯಾ ರುರಾವ್‌ಸರನಿಷ್ಟಿ ಎರು! ಡಿ ಇರುವರು ಚುಚ 2. ಇಸ್ಮೀರ-ವ್‌ಕಾರವಿ ಇದುತ್ಶ ಇ ತಿಳಕರ ಳದ ಇ ದಯ ಎಂರವೂ. ಆಯಾಸ” ಹಾಯು ಎಷ್ಟ್‌ ಇದಿರು ತಹ ರೇ ಬ್ಲಾರರಾ ನರಾ ಬಾರಾ: ಉಾಸವರಾರಾಣ್‌ ಪಡ ರಾಾ -ತ್ಸ್‌ಕಾಲರಾಧ್ಷರಾಯಿವಾಯಇ ತ ಆಮು ನಾರ್ಣಾಹ್‌ಹಳ್ಯದು್ಳಿ ಎನಿ ಬು ಕ್ಲೌನರ್ಗಾನೆ ವಯ ಎಟ ್ಪಂ ಸಾ ತಲ ಸ: ಕ ವ್‌ ತತ ಹ್‌ ಪ್ರಮ ದರಾಕ್‌ು ಸ್ಥಾ ಆರತೆಕ ಭ್ರಲಾಣಣ್ಟೆ ಬು ಆಯಸು ಕಾದೆ ಸತಿ ಜಸ ಯಜ ಇಪ ಐಸು ತ ಎಷು ಇ್ರಾಕವಮರ್ಣನದಿ ಲಾರ್ಕಿಷವು ನಸನತ ೧೫ರ್ಷಾಯಾದಾ 4 ಮಾನಯ ಸು್ಟುಲ್ಯಂತೊ ಜಹರದಲ್ಯಂ ತ ಆನುಷ್ಯವೂ ಆಳವು ಸ ಹ \| \| ಜಟೆ ಹ 2 ಇ ಕಿ ಜಾ ಇಹ್‌ಪ್ರೌರ್ಸನಾಜಾ್‌ೆ ಇ-ಷತಿಯ ಸಕೆಷ್ತದಾ» ಆಡ-ಸಾಲ್ಯಾ ಬಾನು ಸು ಎ ಬು ಸಜಾ ರಡು ಹಾ ಆ ಗಾ ಓರ ತರಾ ಸ್ಮರಣಾ ತ ೦ರ ಅ ಪ್ರಿತಸಯದಾಸಾ ಲ ಜಾಲ್ದಾಹ ದ್ದ ರು! ತ ಎಡಇರ4ಕಸಿಇಂಸಾರರರರಾಷ' ಇನೆನ- ಅತ್ಕಾಕಿಕಾ ಇರೆ ಕ್ರೀಂರಾರ್ಟಿರ್ದಿಜ್ಯಾನು ದ ಈಡು ಹಿರ್ನಾಹ”' ಇಸಿ ಜಟಾ ಜನು ಆಶಿಇ-ಷಸಿರ್ಲಾಗರ್‌ಸಸುರ್ಕ್ಯಸತ 3 ಇಳಿ ಸರಾಡ್‌ೇ ನ ಹರಿ ಜು ಇ ಸ ಆರವಸ್ರಳ್ಳುೇ ಆನಯ ಅಸ್ನರ್ಯವಾಗಕ್‌ಮಗಗರೀರಾಷಳು ಆಸರವಸರ್ಷಾರಾಾರ್ಗಾಾ ಇರತದ : ಇರ ಯುತಾರ್ಯಾತ ಆಉಾರಕತವ್‌ಹಿಇದರಾದಡ್‌ವನಿ ಕನಹ ಸದು 'ಜರ್‌ಸು ರ್ಟ ಇ್‌ದಡ್ತಿ ಇರಾಷರ್ಯಾಣರ್‌ಯ್‌ಸೌಹರವಾರರರ್‌ತಸ ತಾ ಯು ಇರಾ ನನದ ಇಇಸ್ಟೇತತ್ತರಾ್‌ -ವಜು ಪಾ ಬಾ .ಶರ್ಣ್ಯಕತರ್ಜಾಕರರಾ ಇಾಡಿಲ್ಟಾಡಾರಾಳ್ಳಾರಾಸಿಇರುರಹ್‌ ಕರಿ ವಕಾರರನರಿ ಇಗ ಸಲ ಭಾ ಅರ್ಚ್‌ ಜಿ ಯಸ್‌ ಇಡಿ ಪ ಪರ ಬು?) ಆರಾಕವ ತುಂಡಾ “ಡರು. ಅಜನ ರಡ್ಡಿ ಡ್ರಿಂರರಷ್‌ವ್‌ತಿ ಆನರವ್‌ಡು ಊುರಸತಾಷಇನ ಮುಇಷರವ್‌ತ್ಕೆ ತಸಪ್‌ಲ್‌ನ 6 1 1... ಎ ಆಸ್‌ ಅಸ್ರರ್ನಷದನ ಹಾಕೆ ಹಾ ಇ ಜೂ ಲ” ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಸಸ ಇರರವಸರದರಡ್‌ಸ. ಯರವ ಸವರ ಇವರಾತಸರ್ತಾತಕವಾಕಾನ ` “ಸ್ಟಾ ಇರ ಇಫ್ರಬಇಲ್ಲಾ ಆ ರಾಜರ ನೆರನಷಂನಿಸರ್ಥಸದ 4 ಇವೇ 5 ರ್ಮೇಕೂಂುಸಿ ಆಗರ ಒ್ರಯರರರ್ತ ಪ್ರಕ ಕಾರಾರ್ಟಿತಿ-ದ್‌ಕಾನ ಟಬ ಸಡಾ ಕೂತ -ರೌಷ ಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂಗ ತ ಯು ಯು ಎ ಯ ಮ ಪ ನ ಇ್ಲಧ್ಹಕಸರಾಸತಷ್ಟಾ ಇಷ್‌ಕ್‌ಸರ-ಊಾಲರರಜೆ ಬರದ್ದ್ಮರರಿ ಆಡು ವಾ . ಆತಾ ಅವಳ್‌ ಸ ಬು ಸ ಯೂ ಇನ ಸಗ ಪ ಪ ಪ ಪೂ ಬೂ ್ಪ -ರಳದಾರಸರರು ಟ್‌ ನರನ ವೇ ಆಹ್ಥಹಳ್ಯರ- ಹಗಗ. ಇತ್‌ಆಂತ್ಣ್ಯಾಸ್‌ಸು ಕ ಅರವ ಕರ್ರಿ ವರ್‌ "ಜಾರಾಸರ್‌ಸತಕ್ಷಾತಿ ಘರ್‌ ಶ್ರ ಸಾಸಸಿಕವಗೇರಕಿ ಬರಿಷ ಬಾತಿ ಆಜಾಸಾಂಸರ್ಡ್ಸ್‌ನ್‌' ಇಷಕ್ಷಿ ಇರ್ವ (ಇುಸಾರ್ಸಪ್‌ಷಾಸ್ಟಸ್‌-ನಲ್ಯಾಣ ಇಂ ಆರಾ ರಿಂ ರಾರಾ ರದ ರರರವ್‌ಹಿ ಎಂಹರಾನಾ ಇ ಹಾ ಎಸಜಾಶಾ 5 ಶ್ರಸೇಇನು ಹ ಇರ್ತಿನಿ ಆವಸ್ಥವಳ್ಳಿಸು ಆರಾಮ್‌ ಸ್ಕಸಾ ತಾರ ಇರರ ಪ್ರಾಸದ ಾಳಂಷ್ಟರಷೇವ' ಜ್‌ ಇದ್ಷವತನೆ ಆರರ್ಕಾಾಸಿ ಇರಾರಾಸ್‌ ಇ್ರಾರಾಸರ್ಕಾಸ ಆಾವರಲ ಜು ಇ ಜರ್ನಿ ಸಿ ವ ಳು “ಜೆ ಟಾ ಜು ಬಟಟ ರಾ ಆರಲು ವ್‌' ಜಸಸ್ಕಳ್‌ತ ಘ್ರಸ್ರಿಷ ತಟ್ಟು ಇನಗನ ಇ ಆಹಳ್ಳಿಕೆ ನಾರ ರಿಷು ಸ್ಸೀತಿಷಲ್ಯಗಿಸಾರದಹಿದಷ್ದಾತಿ ಭಾಸ: ಊರಕೂ/ನನರಿರಾದಡನಿಅಾಷ, ರ್ಯಾ ಇ ಜತನ: ಅ ತ್ರಾ ಲ್ಗಂದರಾತ್ಯಿ ಸಾಬಾ ಇಂ ಕು ತಡಿ ಷರಾ ಗೆ ಇತು ಸತರ್‌ಷ್‌್‌ ಹ್ಗ ಸೈಪಸಲ್‌ವಸ ತಾರಸರಾರಾಹೋ ವಾ್‌ 'ಪಕಳಾಸಸಗಳ್ಳಾ ನಗಳ. ಬ ಈ ಇಸ್ಳಿ ಇ \| ಜು. \| “ಸಿಯ. ಸಾ (? ' 1 ಎ. . ಹಃ ನಗಿ ಜಾ ' ಸಹ. 1] \| ಹ ದ . ನ \| ಸಡರಾತ ಅತನ ಜನಕ ಕಸ್ಗರತ್ಟಸಿಇ ಇಸ್‌ಇಡ್‌ನನ. ಭಳ ಇತಕ್ಯೀ `ರ್‌ಕ್‌ ಶೂ ಯಾ ಡಿ ಬಾಯೂ ್ಪ್ಟ ಎ ಬು ಜೆ ಷಕ್ಸ್‌, ) ನಹ ಲಃ ಭಇ ಇರವ ಷರಾ ರಾಕಾ ಎ. ರಗರಷಾಸ ರಡು ರಡರಹ್‌ಹಳ ಇತಿ ಇರ್‌ವ್‌ಕು ಆಾರಾುಾನ ಇರರ ರ್ಟ ಸ್ಟ್‌ 1 ಇಇಳ್ಳಗಪಳ್ಯ ಇರಿಸಿ ಷಿ ನ್ನ ಚೋ ಆವ ಇಹ ರ್ಕಡ್‌ನೆ. ಡ್‌ ಆ. ಇಷ್ಯೇರಡತ-ರ್ಕೋು ಎರಿ ಇಹರಡಕು.ು ದಾ 2ಉ ಇ ಇನನ್ಯಿನು ಬ್ರತ್ರಿನರು, ವಿರಸ ಇರ್ಮೋದ್‌ನ ನು ಚಾರ \| ಅಪ್‌ಸರಸಸಿ '೦ಮುಷ್ಟೋತಾಶಿ ನ್ರ್ಯ ಇ ಶಿಷ್ಟ ದಾರ್ಜಡ್‌ಕತ, ಇರಾತೆಮಯಿಷು ಆರುರ್ಸಾಣ್‌ ಇಾಳಾರ್‌ಷ್‌ೇ ನಷ್ಟೇಷಿ ಇಗ ಸಾವಿರ್ಯದು ಇ ಜ್ಷಾಾ. ಆತ್ಮರ ಡಿ ಇ ಲಾರಾರದರತಾಇಣೆ ಕರರಡ್‌ಸು ನರಕೇ ತಾಾಾಧಾರರ್ಮಾ ೫ ಟ್‌ ಎ ಜಟ ತಾನ ಾಯು ಾ ರ್ನಷ್‌ಸಹಾ್ವ] ಗಾ-ಹರಹಳ್‌. ರಮ್ಯಾಸರಿಇಣ: ದರಿ ಇ್ಯಾಸಾಸಾಸ್ತಾಸಾಂ ತದ ಜು ಟು ಬ ಇಂ ಎಜಯಥೆ ತಾ ಬಾ ಸಾ ಸುಂ ಬದ್ದ ಎಿರರರಾಪು ಟ್‌ ಬರಗು ಬ್ರಂಾರಾರೇ ಯ್‌ ತ್ಕಾ ೨-ಸ್‌್‌ ಐರ್‌ರವಪಾರಸರಇರಿಭಾರಾಗ4 ಸಜಾರಾಣ್‌' ಹ ಲ ನಾರರಷ್ಯಂರದ ಮಾರ್ಟ್‌ ಹತಿತರ ವ್ಯ ಇಘೆಸರಾಸ್‌ಾ್‌ನಿಕ್ಕಿ ಜನಾ ಇನ್ಷೆಕ್‌ಸಇಡ್‌ನಿರಾರಾಯು ತ್ಯ ನಷೆ ಇು್ಕರಾಸ್‌ನ್‌ರೆರರರ್ಪಗ್ಬುಡಿ ಇಾರಾರರ್‌ಪ್ರಾರಿಸಿರಿ “ ಬಾಜು ರಸನ ಇಟರಸಸೀರರ್ಜಹವ್ತ ಇಾಾರ್ಟನರಾಸ ಇಾರಾಾಸ್ಯರ ಇಂತ ಎನ ಇತ್ತಷಸಗಾಲ ರಾತ್‌ ಆ 3 ೯ ರವಾರಯೊಲು-ತ್‌ಫ್ಯ ರ್ಶೀಕೊ ಇರು ಆಾಹರಿ-ಎರ-ತರ್ಣಾಕನ್ಟುಸುರಹಾರ-ಇಇಹ್‌ನನಿ ರ್ವ ಸತರ ಸ್‌ ಸಪರ ಇರು -ಸರ್ಟ್ರಸಾಣನ್ಕಿ ಆಹ್‌ ಅತ್ತಿ ಜ್ವತ್ತಿವರಾಾಇದರೆಂನ ಮ್ಮಾ ಲ್‌ೆ ಇಷ್ಟ ರಾ ಹುರು ಗ ಸ ಇ ಉ ಇ್ರಂಮೂರರ್ಸಕ್‌ನು ಇಡ್‌ಸಡ, ಇಷ್ಟೋಸವರವರನ ಇವರ್‌" ಸಸ ಸಷ ಇಷ ; “ಸೊತ್ತಿನ ಎನು ಇಷರಷಿ ತ ಚಾಯ ಟು ಇಷ್‌ಸಠನಾಂ ಬ ಉ ಮು] ಜಾ ಡಿ 'ಹಡ್ಲಇರಎಸ ಸಸಿ(ಶ್ರ್ರ್ಯಮ, ಇಾ್ಲಿಧ್ರಶ್ಟ್ಯಾ ಇಂವ್ರನರಷಳ ಇ-ಜ ರಾಜಿ ರ್ಪತಣ್ಣಡೈರಳ ಸ ಷ್‌ \| ಹಾ ಎ ಪ ರ ್‌ ಈ ಪ್ಲೀರಾಃ ಹ ಮ್‌ ಜುರಾತ್ತ” ರ ಸಸ ವಾವ ಬಾ ಗ ಸ್ರೀ ಬ್ಲ "ರಸ ಕೆ ತ ಸರನೀದಿಫ್ಟಿ ಡ್ಲೀತ ನಲಂ ಸಾರರ್ಸವಯಕುತಿದ್‌ೆ: ನಾಕ್ಸ್‌ (ಧರ್ಯ ಫ್ಯೂ ಶೀಕ್‌” ಚೂ ಗೋ ಉಣೆ ಸ ಇಷರಿಲ್ಲಇಾ್‌ಐಗನಿನಿಷ ಸಾ ಕರ್ಟ್‌ ಸನಿ, ನಾಸಾ “4೪ ಟ್‌ ಆನಿಸಿ ಬ ಲು ಸ್ವಾ ಎಬ ಟಿ ಮ , ಸಾರು ಇದರೆ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಎ ಬಜ ಷ್ರಸಇಸ್‌ಷರದಿಸಾರದ' ಜಾ ಇಕ್ತರುಾಾತಾಜರು ಸಧ್ಯ ಇನಹಳಸೆ. ಅವರನ ಆಸರ್ಯತ್ಟ್ರೋದ ತಾನ್ಯಾ ಔರಾದ್‌ ರೂ ಕಾ ಜಾ ಹಾರ್‌ ಯ ಡು] ತಿಸದರ್ಷಿಃ ಇವೇಲಾತ್‌ಹತಿ ಧಗ ಆ ತಿ ಬರತ ಕ ಎಬಿ ಆಹಸೊಂಡ ನೆ ನಾಸ ಹ. ಸ ಇರುವು 'ಜಾಷರನಾಯು ತಾ ಯು ಉ% ”್‌್‌ ಇ ಚಿ ಆರ, ತ್ಯ ಇರ್‌. ಭಾಸ ರಜಾ ನ ಕತ ಸಾತ ರ ಧ್ಪ೭ ಸ ಗಾ `ಸ್ಪ್ಪತರರ್ನ್ಗಹಸಸಿಷ್ಯಾಪ್ತೇ್ಳವ್‌ನಸರ್ಟಹಲ ಇರಿತ ಹಡಗ ತರಗಡಗಳುಬ್ಗದ ಇ ರುಡ್ಕೋಡ ಸಶಿ 1 48 ಶಾ.ಇ-ಸ'ರಾಸ ಆರೊ ಫಸರ್‌ಗ "ಸದೆ ರ ರಷರಾ ವ್ಯ ಹಾಜ್ಯಾಳಡೆ ಇ ಹತ ಇಷಾ ಗ್ರ ಇ 1 ಪಾ ಸ ಗೈ ಾಿರನಗಿನೇಜಾಲರ ರಲ ನ್‌ ಷ್ಠ ಬ ಬ ತ ತ ಗೆ ತ -ಪೌಎಗದಸ ಖರ ದ್‌ತರಾಸೂ ಬಾಂಗಿ ಲ್ಲಿ ದರಾ ಟಾ! ಸ ಗ್ರಾಪಸ: ಇಷ ಲಾಹಳ್ಳುರತ ಡೆ ಶೆ ಲು ತ ಸ ನಾ “ಷ್‌ಹಾಎರ್ಟಾರ್ಗವದ ಇರ್ಟಿರಾಮಾ್‌ ಚಿ ವ್ರ್ರೀಷಾಲ ಇನ್ನಸ ಇದು ಹ ತಾ ಬಾಬ ನಯಾಳಾಂತುಳಿ ತ ೪ ತ ದು ಕ್ಮ ಆರಿಷ ಬ ತು ಇಷ್ಟು ಮಾರಾರ್ಮತ ಇಗೆ ಡ್‌ ನಾ ಇ ಕ್ರಷ್‌ ಇರಾ ಇರಸ್‌ಪ್ಯೋಾಗ್ಯ ಹಾ ಇಡೆ ಎನೊಲ್ಲಷಿ ಆ? ಅ ತಾ ಬೂ ಇರುವಳು ್ತೀರಾಗ ಇ ಗೆ ಇರಾಡ್ಯ್‌ರರಾಹ್‌ ಇ ಇ-ರೆರ್ಯ್ರೋರಾಡಿ ವೆ ಮ ಛು] ರ್ಯ ನವದಜಿ ದ ದ ನಗರ್‌ ಇವ್ನ ವ್ಯೂ ಅ ಡಿ ಜಂ ಎದುರ ರಹೂರಿರ್‌್‌ದ! ಕ್ರಾಷ್‌, ಸ ಇ ತ್ರಿಷು ಸ ರ್ಚ್‌ಾಲ್ಲಿ ಚ ಷಿ ಹ ಸ ಖಾ ದೆ ಹಾ ನ್‌್‌ ಜಾ “ಇ ಇಷ್ಟು ಶ್ಲಿಂ್ಮ್‌ ಇದಾದ ದರಾ ಇರದಗಿಹರ್ಣತ' ಎಡಿ ್‌್ಕ ಸೂ್ಯ್ಯಧ್ಮ್ಯರದು ನ ಲು ಲು ಜ್ಯ ಇಷ್ಟರ ಹ್‌ ಸಧರಿವ್‌ರು ಎಾಡತ್ವ] ಬ ಇವಾ“ ರಾ ೋಿ ಇ ನರಾರ್ಯಾರ್‌ವ ರಾಸ ತಾಣದ ಷಾಲಾಂ ಇ ವು 4ಶಿಲ್ಲರಾ ಇ ಸ್‌ ಕ ಹ ಬ್ರ ಇಒ ಕ್ಯ ಷಾ ಎಕ್‌ ವನೂ ಹಾಸನ ರಾರ 'ರ್ಜ೯ಡ॥ೇ ಇ ರ್ನ ಯಯ: ಜಾ ೋೂ ನರರಜಾ ತಾ ಇನ್ನ ದ ಇಷ್ಟದ ಇಂಧ ಬುರರರರ್ಪಾ ಜೆ” ಳು ಜಾ ಖೆ? 1 ೯ ಆ ಡೆ ಹರ ಷ್ಟ ಎ ಭು ದ್ನ ಮದಾ ನರ್ವರರಷಕ ನರವ ಲಾ ರಯ ದ” ಸ್ಟ್‌ ರಾ ಸಾ ೮. ಬಾರ್‌ ಬ್ರುವ; ಜ್‌ ಬ್‌ 2 ಧ್‌ ಇಹ್ರಿ ಜ್ರ ಜ್‌ ಜಾ ದರಷ್ಯನಿ ಇ ಕ್ಲ ಇರ್‌ ಸ್ಯ ಮಷಾರ್ಯಾಾೋ, ಹ್‌ ಸಾ ಗಡ 1 4 ಇ ಇ ಕ ಕ್ಸ ಎ ಹ ಈ ನ ಸ್‌ ; ಕ ಇರಾ ಅಸಾದ್‌ ಕ್ಯ ಡೈ ಆರರ್‌ ಮನ್ಸ್‌ ಸಹಸರ ಾಸಳ ಜಾ "'ಜ-ಷನ ಜಭುರು 6 ಇ. ಎ ಸಿ ಗ ಇದ 1 ಗ ಕೆ್ಮ ಬ್‌ ಸ ಸ ಇ ಇದತ ಲೊ ಬ್ಲೂ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್‌ -ಜತಷಸರರತ ಬಾ ಸವಾರರು ಅತ ದ್‌ 5 ಇರಾಷ6 ಇ 1 ಮಾ ಬು ಇರರ ಹರ್ಟ್‌ ಷಿ 2 ಚಾ ದ 1! ಬ್ಯಾ ಗನ ಗ್‌ ಲ ಹ 1 ದ್ಯ ದ್ಯ ಸ್ಕರ ಲೆ ಣ್‌ ಇಸೈೆಲೇದರಾಹ್ಯ್ಯ ಛ್ಗತ “ಾ್‌ “ಾರ್‌ತು ವರ್‌ ದನಪ್ರ್ವ ರಯ ಹುಇ ರಾಮು ಜಾ ಇಯ ಮಾ ಬ ಧಾರಮೂಟಿಕ್ಯರಾಟ್ರದ ತ ಕ್ಟ ಕ ; ದ್ರು ಲಾ ಳು ಧ್ರ ಳು ್‌್‌ ಎ ಬ ಗ ಸ ಆ ್‌್‌ ಲ” ಇತ್ತು ಗಾ “ಇದಳಹಾ. ಜ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಬಾಸ ಇಂ್ರ್‌ಾಳು ಹ `` ಇರವ ಬ್‌ ಗದಾ ಇಹ ಎ್‌ಯವೈಯುಡೇಲ ಕ್‌! ಖು ಚು ಇ ಜ್ಯ ಳ್ಳ ಬ \| ಗ ಧು ಗ್ರ ಹ್ಯಾ ಸ ಕ ತ ನ್ಯಾ ಸಂತ ಸ ಕ್ನೌ ಬಾ 1. ಗ್ರ ಕ್ರ ಸಾಬರ ರಾಜ್‌“ ರರ ಇರ; "ರರ ಸಂತಾ ತ ಡಾ ಜಸ್ಟ ರದವಇಗನ ಅಲಗ 1 ಸಾ ಪ ಅ! ಗ. ಸಾರ ಇತು “ಧಾ ದ ಇಾರಾಳ ನಷ ಆಸನ ಇತ ಮ್ಮ3ಿ 6 \| ತೆ ತ್ಸ 1 ೬ ್ತ 1 1 ಜ್‌ ಕೆ 6 ೦% ಭ್ರ ರಾ ಪಡಿಸ !( “ದರು. ಲರ ಇಹ ತ ಇರಾ ದದ ಬಸ? ಇ ರವಾ ಎ ನದಲ ಜ್ರ ಸರ ಕರರ ನ ಗೆ ೯ ಇದವು ಇಸಾಕನ ಇರು ನ್‌ ಸ ಆ ದಾ ಜೂ ಜ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಇರಾದಷ್ಟಗ್‌ ಗ ಯು ಡಾ ಅ ತ ತಾಲ ಇ“ ರು ಇಇ ನರಾರ್ಮಾರಾರಾರ ರ್ತಡ್‌ ಮಾ ಓದಿ ಸ್‌ು ಸ್ಸ್‌ 1 ಕ ಬ ಚ ನ ಹ ಜು ಇಇ ಇದು ಇಜಷುಣ ಓ ' ಎ ಪುರಾ ಬಜ \| ಎರ್ನಿಪೋಾಾಾಾತ! ಹರ್‌ ಸ ರರ್‌್‌-ತ ರ್‌ ಬ್ರು ಸ / ಸ್ರ “ ಗ ಜಾ. ಕ ಜ್‌ ಧು ರ್‌ ಓವ ಲರು ಸು ಇರಣೂ ಇರಾರಾರಯಾತ್ತಿ ಡ್‌್‌ ಸಜಾ್‌್‌ ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೆ ಬ “ಜ್‌ ಇಣ್ಸವಾಗಾತೆ ಈಿಂದೂು ಆಯಾ ಮಂ ಇ ವ್‌ ಬ೬ ರೊ ಹ್ಯಾ 1 ಕಾನಿ ಮಾ ಬ ತೌ ಆ. ಡೆ ಶ್ವಾ ಜೆ ದಾಜಇಲ್ಯಾಹಿ ಆ ಜಾ ಬ ಸ್‌ ರಾರಾರರಶಾಘಾ್‌ ಯತು ಜಾರ ಸಾ ರ್‌ ಜು ಳು ು ಬ್ಯ ಇಕ್ಕಳ ಹ್ಯರ್ಣ-ಲ್ನಗಳಳ್ಗೇ ಲು ಇಷಾಗಾವಾ್‌ ಷಿ ಆಜಾ ತ ತ್ರಿಷಾ ತಾ] ಜದ 1 ದರ್ಪದ ವಾಕಿ] 4 ನಾಇ ಗು ತ ಡೆ ಮಾ ತ ಡೆ] ಹ ಪ ಜು ಬ ಟ್‌ 2 ಜಟ ಜರೆ ಹ ಸಷ) ಇ ಷಂ ಷದ ನಾ ಕ್‌ ಸ್ಥನ ಸ್‌ ದ ಉಂ ಸಾಗಾ” ನದ ಕಾವ ಜ್ಯ ಅವು ಕ ಇ -ಹರ್ನದಾಸಳಾಣ್ನಾ ಇ ಸಗ ಳತ್ಛತ್‌ 1] ಯಸ! ಡ್ಞಾ ನ್ಯಾ ಆ ಭಯ ದ್‌ ಮೂ ದು ಸ್‌ ತ್‌ ಕು ಡಿ ಭಾ ತೆ. ಸಮಿ 1 ಚ ಹ್‌ ರ ಗ ದ! ರ. ಇಂಡ ಸೋ ಳ್ಳ ಚಾ ವ ಬಜ ಬರ್ಚ-ಗೆ “ಹ್‌ ರ್ಯಾ ಎತ ಧ್‌ ಮುಳ? ಪ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಕ ನ ಘಃ ಡ್ಡ ದ್ಧ ಇಗೂ” ನ್ನ್ನ ಲ್ಲ "1 ಸಾ ಇ ಆಗ್ರ “ರುಸ ಇ್ರ್ರಾಲಾನಿ ಜಾ 1 ಉಯ್‌ ಸ ಜ್‌ ಇ ಈ ಗ ಕ ೆ ಧ್‌ ಲ್ನ ನ ಬರರೌಗಷ್ನ್‌ ಉಾ ಸ ಹ ಳ್ಳ ಡಾ ಅದ್ನ ್ಯೂ ನಾಜ್‌ ಜಾ ಯ್ಯ 4 ಚ್ಟ: ಕೆ “ವಾ “ಕಾಕರ ಖಿತ್ಟಿಇ, ಆರಾ ಇರರ ಲಷನಇಡ ನವಮಾಸ ದಾಳಾಸಾಡರು ರಹ ಲು ದಾ ವಾ ಸರ್ಕಾ ತತಃ ಸಾ ಸಾ `ೆ ಇಗ ಜೆ ಜಾ ಮತು! ಗ ತ ಕು ಛಾ ಟಟ ಸ ಲು ಸು ಜ್ಯ ಬರ” ಸ ಗ್‌ ನಾ ರ್ಪರರಿಿಸ-ಮೋೂ ರ್‌ ಇರಾವನ ರಗಡ ವರಾ ಈ ಹಾ] "ಷ್‌ ಸೀ ನ ಇರದ ಜಿ ಮಿ ನ ರ್ಟ ಹ ಛ್‌ ಆ ಭೆ ಇವಿ ಉರಿದ ಕ ( ಜಿ ಳಾ) ಗಜ ಜಾ ಚುಕಿ ಳ್ಳ ಗ್ಗ ಆಆ ತ್‌ ಆ ತ ಜೆ ತ "2 ಗು ಶ್ವ ಧ್‌ ಇಗ ಇ ಟಾ ಕ್ಮ ತೊಡಿ ಇಜ್ಯಗೆಳ್ಳ ೫-೫೬ ಬಜಿ ಇ)ಐಗಗಫ್ರ- ಇದ್ಯ ಪ್ರ ರಾಸ ಬರದ [1 ಜು ಗಃ ದ ಯಸ ಕೆ ನ ಲ್ಲ 1 ಜಿ) ಕ ತ್ತು ಭ್ರ ಥ್ರ ಷ್ಟ ಸರ ತಾ ಇುಇ.ರತಸಗಷತಾಯೂವರರ್‌್‌ ೬ಡಿ ಡ್‌ ಕ ಇ ತ ಎಡ: ಮ ಪಸು, ನ ಇರರ ಡನ ಹೇ ಬರೀರೋಸಾತನತರಷ \| ರಲ 3 ೫ ನ ಇ ಲ್‌ೆ 1 ಜಾ 2 ಮನಂಯಮುುಣಾಾ ನ ಲಜುಸರಾ-ವಂಎಯಿ ಇಲಗ \| ಗೆ ತ ಸ 1 ಯ ಇ ಜು ಕ್ರ ಎ ಎಾ ರರು ಅಸರ ರಣ ಜು ಕಾಂ ಾವ ಜೂ "ೆ \| ಜು ಬರಾ ಕಷ ಜುರಪ್‌ಕೂಾಾ-ಷತೂ- ಕ್‌ 8 ಒ ಶ್ಯ ತೂ ಬು ಮಾತ. ಆ ತ ಲ್ಲ ತ ಆ ವಾ.ರ್ಕ್‌ಡರ್ಪತ ದ ರ್ಯ ರರ್ವಾದ್ರು ಹಿಡ್‌ ದು ರ್ಮಾರ್ಯಾಡಿ ಕ್ಯ ಲು ಜ್ರಾರವರಷ ತ್ರಾ ಧು ಮಾಜಿ ಯ್‌ ಸ ಸ್‌ ಹಿ ಲೆ ಹ ನ ಬಾವ ಹ ಎ ಎ “ರುರಾವು ರ ಪಾಸೂಡಿ ಇಂ ರಾಜಂ ಇಂ ಬುಲ್‌ “ಇಸ್‌ಇ್ಯಾಘರಾಾಾ ಡಿ ಸನ್ನ ನನ ಇ ್ಕ ಕ ಟೋ ಓ.ಸ್ಟ ಎ ; ೯ ಇಾಶಾವತ್ಟ ಸಾ ಎಿತಿರಜ್ಯ 4 ಡೆ ಹ್ಯಹ್ಮ್ಯು ರಾ ಗ 4 ಪ್ನೆಾ ಸಾ ಗತ ಆ ತ ಹ ಗ 4 \| ಕ ನ್ನ ಶ್ರ ತ್ತಿ ದಾ ಜಾರ್‌ ಇ ಹ ಹಾ ತಬ? 2ಐಾಎಎಉಿ್ಭ ಸ, ಎ ಇ ಆವ ೪ ರ್‌ ತಗ ಇನಿ ಟೂ ಇದ್ದ ಸ ರರವ್‌ಕಜ 4 ಸ ಜ್‌ ನ್ಯ ರ್ಯಾ 1 ಸ ಎಎ ಮ್ಮಾ ಸ 1 1 ರ್ಕ 1 ಸೆ ಕ್ಕ ಘ್‌ ನ್ಯಾ ಬಳ್ಚಾ ಬಲಯ ಡೆ ಯು ಚ ಮ್ಮಾ ಸೆ ರೆ ಎ ಇಂರಾಸಗ್‌ಹರತಾರಿದ್ದ ಕಾರಾಗದ್ದಾ ಎಪ್‌ ಸೂಲ ದರ ನಹ ಇತ್ರ್‌ಸರಾಸತಿ ಎ ಬಣದ ತ್ಯ ಇ ತ್ರಾ \| ಎ ಲ್ಕ ಖಾ ಚಾ ಸರ ನ್ನ ಎಳ ಇ ನ್ನ ಲ್‌ ದು. ತಿ ಮಿ ಐಡಿ ವರರ ಕೆ "ಆ ಸಿದಾ ಸಹ ಭ್‌ ಸಿ ಎನ ಭ್ರ ನರರ್‌ರಾಷ ಸ್ರ ಡಾ ಬ ಓಟ ಸ ವ್ಯಾಸ ್ಯ ತ ಓ ಸ ಡ್‌್‌ ಶಿ ಜಸ ಬ್ಯಾ ಅ ; ಜ್‌ ನು ಇರರ” ಡಿ “ರ್ಟ್ಸಿ್‌ ಇತ ಕಾ ಆಶ್‌ೌರಾರ್ವರ ಸುಂದರಾ ಇ ಜರಾ ದ್ನಾಸಿ ರೂ ಇರರ, ಕ ಇ ಹಾ ಸ \| ೪. ಇ ರರ ರ್ಥಾರ್‌ ಬ ಬು ಮ ಮ ಉಭಿ ಅತವ ರ ವಪ್ಟಾರ್ಕರ್ರ 3 ಇರ ಭಾಳಾ ಯ್ದ ಸ್ಟ ಎತ ಸ ಗ ಬ ಜ್‌ ಹ ಶ್ರದ ಸಾಕಾ ಗಹದ ಇಹ ಲಗಸರಿಸ್ಯ 6 ಶಾದಿ ಇರ್‌ ರ್ಯ ಸರಃ ಕು-ಎರಸ್ತೊ ಕರಇ ಇಡ ಹತ ನ ನ್ನ ಪ್ರಳ್ಳ ಇಶಾ ಸ ಹುದು ಬ್ರ ಮ್ಮ \| ಸುಳ ಇಲ್ಮಾದ ಜರ್ಯಾವಸ್ಥ ಸ ವಮ ದಡದ ರಸಾ ತ ಗಯ ಆನ್‌. ಆೌಿ ಳಿ ಇರತಹ ಇರಾಇರಜ-ಸರ-ತ್ಟ ರತ ರಾಸ ಕರಯ ಆಡರಾಹ್‌ರ್‌ಜ-ಷಾ ಸರವು ಸಾರು ಜ್ಯ ತಾ ಆಸಾ ಷ್‌ \| ಕಿಸಿ ದಾ ಇ “ಡ್‌ ಡದ ರಾತಿ ದಾ ಇರರ ಕ್ಸ “ಲ ಡಿ \|] ಗ ಷದ ಜಾ ನರಾ ಗ್‌ ಇತ್ತಿ ಯ ಇಸಾರ್ಜಾತಿದ್ರಾನ ಸಕ ಐ ರ್‌ ವತಿ ಮತಿರ್‌ ಶಸ: ಳ್ಳ ಇಜ್ಯದ್‌ನೂಾ ನರಾ 'ಸ೦.ಔಭಾರಾಡಿಹಾಖಾಾ ಗ ಹಜ್ರಾ ಹಾ ರ್ಕ ಇ “ಸ್‌ ಕ್ರಗಾಷ್‌ ಸವ್ಯಂ ಸ ಕ್‌ ಗು ಕ್ಷಿ ಜ್‌ 2 ಪಗ ಡ್ಯ ಹ ಜಷಜ ರ ಜಾಡಾು ಸ್ರಾರ್ಯಷು ಮ್ರು “ರಷ್ಯ 4 ಎ ಎಜಿ ದ! ಎ 1 ಗ “ಮಾರ್ಕಾಡ 2 ಇಂ ಇಸ್ಟ ಆ ರ್ನ್ನತ್‌ಾಸಾಕರದ” ಛಾ ಎ ತ್‌ ಾರ್ಯತರಆರಾರ್ಯರ್ಯಾರರ್‌ಾಾಕ ಇ ಕಾಳ ಎ ಎಳಇಇರ್‌ಸಾರಜ್‌ ಖಾ. ಗ ಜೋ 1 ಜು ಲ 1 ಬಾನಿ ಇರಾ“ ಯುದಲ್ಟಳ್ಳಾ ಜಸ ಭು ಸ ತಾಜ ತಾ ಇಂಗ ಪ ಇರಿದ ತಿವಿ ಸತು ಇದಾ ಜ್‌ ಫಿ! ಕ ಹ ತ ಈ ನ ಎ ಸ್‌ ಯಡ ರವಾ” ಈಾಪಿಗಜಿ-ತಪ್ರಾಸಹಾರರ್ಷಾರಾರ್ಯಾಮ್‌ ಇದು ಇ ಎ ಸ ಆ ಗ್‌ ೪ ಭಳ್ಳುದಯ ಆಹಾಡು ನ ಭ್‌ ದ್ಯಾ ಫೊ ಜಾ ಇರಿ ಕಚತಭಾರ್ಯಹಥ್ರುಇರಸ- ಸೈ] ಇಲ್ಮಿ ಚ ದ್‌್‌ ತ ದು್ಯಜಾಂ ಜು ಈ ಢಾ ಆರದ ಸ್ಪರ1 ಗಾ ಇ ಇರ? ಘಃ ಎ ಉಂ ್‌ ಎ ತ್ರಾ 5 “ಜಂಟ್ರ)7ಹಾ-ಗಿಕರತೊ ಉಹರಹ್‌ನ, ' ; ಎರು ಭಯ ಜಂ ಇನ್ಕ್ಸಹಲ್ಲೀೋ ಪ್ರಾಸ ಎಾಸ್‌ ಸುತ ಸಿ, ತ್ಹ್ವರಾಕ್‌ಡೌೋಗ ರಾಡು -ಕಾರ್ಶಆ ಉಸರಿರಸಾಾರರೂಾತಿಸರ ಕರಹರ್ಯಾ್‌್‌ ಇಾರ್ಥಿಕಾರ್ಥಾಣರಾರಷಿ, ಸರಳ ನ ಸ್ರಸ್ಷೌಗ್‌ಪ್‌ಸರಿಸರ್‌ಹಯ-ಷಸಾಗ್ಗ ಬಾನ ಾ ಮಾ ಜಿ ತ್ರಿಕಾದ ೂಾವ್‌ಕಳಿ ಇಸ್‌ ಜಸತ ಇಷ್‌ಸೌಿಸಿಲ್ಲು ಇಷ್ಟ್‌, ಇ ರಾಸಾಡೆವ ಷಿ ವಷ್‌ಇಗ್‌ಸರಾರರಾಳ ಬರಾ ್ಸ ನೆ ನರ್‌ಸಕಿರ್‌ಷ್‌ಸು \| ನಿಡಿ ರಾರ್ಕಾನಸ (ಆಸ್ಥಿ ಸ್ವರಾ ಇಟು ರಾಸ್‌ ಫಿ-ಢ ಇಸ್‌. ಸು ಷ್‌ ಇತರ್‌ ನೆಂ ಇ್ವವ್‌ಷ “ಕರ್‌ ನಾ ಇಳ ಇಟ್ರು ಆನು ಜ್ಟಬೂಾಡಿತಿ ೨. ಆಬಾ ಆಕ್ರಮ ಕ್ಕಕ್ಳೇ ಎರೋಷರ್‌ಣ್‌ಸೂ ಯ ಇುಸಪೋನ್ನ್ವಾರತರಾರರ್ತಿಃ ಮ ಉ್ಶ ಇಕ್‌ಇಸ್ಸರಿರ್‌ಪಳ್ಳ ರವದಿ. ಎಂಬ ಉಸರಿತರಾಷ್‌ಕರೀಲಿವಇಸ್‌'ಸಿಷವ ಸಗರದ, ಜಯ ಲಹರಹಳಾತಾ ರಹಸ ರಾಇದ್‌ಹ್‌.ರ್ತಕ್‌ಹಣನಿ ಎ ಮೋ ್ಪ '್ರಿಸಾಸಸರಾತರಾಸ್‌ಸರಡರಾಸಾಗಲರಾತಿ ' ತನಕಾ ರಾಗ್‌ಗರಾರಾತ್‌ಹವರಾ ಕುತ ರಾತತ್‌್‌ ಇನ್ನಾರು ಬ್ರಿಪರಾಡಿ ಶ್ರೌರದದ ರಾರಾ ಹಾ ಎದಿ ನ 2 ಎ ಬ ವೈವಿಸರಿಭ್ರಾಾ ನ ಕಷ್ಣಸನಿನೆರ್ಬಾದತ್ತಿತಿವವಳಂತಿ್ಸಳ ಇ್ಷಕಲವಗ್‌ರಿಕಡಾ ಯು ಹ (ಸಕ್ಲಾ ನಾ ಕ್ಯಾಷವ್‌ವಾಧೇಶ್ವತಾತಸಾಸಇರಡೆ ಉಇಡಇರರಿ ಆತ ಇನಿ ತ ಲಿ ಆತು ಆಗವರಷ್ಸಿತ್ಠಿ-ದ್‌- ರ್ರಣಿಸಿಳವ !ಉ ಬಾಧಿಸಿ ಟರ ತೆ 'ಜ್ರಾಸ್‌ಾ . ಇ-ಪೊಸ್ಸ್ಲರಸರಾಸಂಡಿಸಗ ಆಹಸ್‌ಸೇಲ್ಷ-6 “ಷಾಸರುಳುರ್ತಿದ್‌ಿ. ಆುರಷ್‌ಪರಡ್‌ರರ್‌ತಿ ದು \| -ಸಿಜರಕೂರ್ತಿಗ್ರೌಸಡಾಹಷ್ತು. ಾಸರಪತಾಇ ಡೀ ಎ ಎ ಸ ಪ \| ಸ್ರ ತಾತಿ ಫರ್ನಾಕ್ಲಿರ-ಂರತೆ ಆ ಭ್ಯ್‌್‌ಸೊ್ನವಾ ಎ ಓ.. 41 `ದ ಆ ಇತೋ ಹಿ ಇಬ ವತಿಸಳಳ್ಳೂನೆೊರಾಯಂ ಹ ಇದಕು. ಟಾ ವಾ ರು ಹ ಯ ವ್‌ತ್‌ಆಕಾಲದಸಆಾವ್‌ದ್ದೇಕಾ ಕು ಹ ಇರೇ ಸತಗ ಆವನಾೊರಾಣ ಹ ಯು ವ ಎಂ ಯ ಫ್ಲಿಜಾಾಕಫ್ತಿ ಫ್ರಿಎಲ್ಡಇ “ಫೇಸಗು-ಸಸೇಲ್ಲಗಗಜುಇಂಯ ಇತ ಇನೂ ನರವ ಜಾ ಯ ಸಸಡತಿಸ್‌ತೆಸಆಕಲಷ್ಟಾಗ ರಾ ಜಾ ಗಾಯಪನ, \| \| ಕಾಟಾ ಇರ್ಷಷ್‌ಮರೇನ-ಡಷ್ಟು ಟಟ ಲ ಜ್‌ ಮ್ಮ ಇರ ರು ಊಉ ಇಫ್ಟ್‌ಸೌಗರಾರಾತ್‌ದಗಿ ತಿ-ಇಷೂ, ಆಹಾ? ಇಾಷತೆ ಇತ-ರಸೂರ್‌ಷೊ ಇಟಗಾ ಮಾಜ” ಗಾ 2 ಈ. ಟೀ ಎುನಿಸ್ತಾಕುೂ ಭಹತ ಸೆಕ ಇನ 5373ರ ಗರಹ ಯ್ಯ್ಯಸರಹಿ ಇಸ್ಕಿ ರೇಸು ಆಳಾತಾಇ-ದ ಎರತವಾಧವಾರ “ ಇ-ಹಫ್ಲಿ ಎರವರವ' ಇದಂ ಹಾ ಇಷ ಹ ರತ ಜಸ ಇಕ್ತಭ್ರನ ತರರ್ಸಷಿದಷೇ ಇರ್‌ ಇಂಸೆೇಗರ್ಸಮತ್ಸಿ-ದ್‌ಇು. ಸ ಸಸ್ಯ 4 ಅ ಇನ್ಫಕರಾರ್‌ರ ಸ್ಸ ಇಷ್ಟಂಸಳಾಸಿಇಂ್ಟ ಇಷ್ಟ. ಆರರ್ಸಾರ್ಥ್ಯವಾಜುಲತ ಳು 1 ೬೩ಪುವಾ ತಾ ಇರಾಸ್‌ಸಿ-ಸ್ಸ್ಯರಹ ವಾಗ ಎರವ ಬುಂದ ಡೂ ಅವಕಾಶ ಮು ಅತ್‌ ಹರಿತ] ನರು ಆವ್‌ ಲರರಿಸಸ್ಯ -ಿರಷ್‌ರ್‌ಸರಗಮಾು ನ್ಯಪ್ರೇರಾ್ರ್ರರ34 "೬ ಸ್ರಾಸಲಾಷ್ಠ ಇಷ್ಟ ಿರವಾದರಾವ ತ್ಸ ತ -ಡತಿಯವಂದಲ್ಲುಧ ಗಾಡಸ್‌ಷಾ ಜತರೌಡಷಲ್ರಗರ್‌ವ' ರಪ್ರೇರ್ಶಾ-ಮತೆಖತಪ್ರಂಕೇರಸಡಿಾರ್ರೇಡ್‌! ೪ ಇರ್ಮಾಭೈಿಂ ಸ್‌ತುಳ್ರಾಸಗತ್ತು] ಇ್ರ್ರಾಕತ-ವ್‌ಇನಾರ್ಡಾಸೊ; ೫ರ್ಸಾಸಂಜ್ಗವರ್‌ಇಂತ್‌ಕ್‌ಸಳಂಯತಿಫರಇ \| ಟ್‌ ರಕಕ ಆಯ್ಯರಾಡದ್ರಿ-ಸವವ್‌ಆತವ್ಕತ್‌ ಗಳ್ಯಗೌಷ್ಟ್ಯತಾತಿ ಶುನಾರಾರಷಾಇವಥ್ಲಿ ಪ್‌ಪ್‌ಸ್ಕಫಿನಾ ಸರತ ಜುರ್ತಾಣ ಆವನಿ ಇಹ ಜಂಭ ರ್ಮ ಸರ್ಕೆರತವರ್ಷಲಸಾಳ್‌ನ “ಸ್‌ಸ್ರೀಷ್ಟತ ರಿಕಣೆ' ಮರಕಡ ವರ್ಕಾಡಿ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಆಡೇಟ್ಟ!] ಆಜ್ಛರಳ್ಳಿಜೂ ತ್ಕಾ ಸಾಬಾ ಇಹಗಹನಯಿ ಸರಳ ಚತ ಇತ್‌" ಲಾ ಬ್ರಾ ರ ಸ್ವಾಕಾರರರಹ್‌ಷ' ಇರಾತನತಷ್ಟ್ಯ ಅತು ಫಾರಜಕರ್ಥ್ಯಿಸ್‌ಷಗೊಾ ಆ3-ರಾಹರ್ಯಣಸಾ ಯಷಿತಾಗಾಟಿ, ಜವ 53 ಸಕೆಪೊಲಸ ಇಲಾದ ಸತವ ರಹ್‌್ಯತೆರಮಲಗದರೂ ಕ ; “ಶರರ ಆರ್ಟ ಆದೆ: “ಮಗಂ ಜಸ್ಟ! ಸ್ಫಹ೨7ನಸಿ ಮಾಸ ಎಟ ಗಂ ವ. -ಪ್‌ಸಇಂಸಲಸ್‌ಸ್‌ಹುಂರ್ತಿರಸಗ ಆಡವ್ರಅ ಜ್‌ ಆಜ್‌ ಇರೇಲ್ಬಸಾರವ್‌ಯು ಐನ ಇಡರಾ” ಇಲ ಉರ್‌ ಆದ್ದ] ಪ ಇರು ಪು ಎ ಬಜ ಇ ರು ವನಾಾನತಗಡಸಳಾರರಾಾತ್ತ” ಷು ಇಷ್ಟ ಆಹುತಿ ಲಎನಇಷ್ಟತ್ಕೆಫರಾಸಾಗರ್ಮ-ರದಿದಿ ರಾ ಕರನ ೩೫೯ರ ಇಂಬ ರೂ೦ಾಗರಡ್‌' ಆಕಾ ಜಾಯಾ ಜಟಾ ಆಸಿ ತು ರಾಾ್‌್‌ ಇೀಜತ್‌್‌ಎಾ ಹ ಕ ಳ್ಳ ಇಡೆ ಹ ರ್‌ ಅನನ ನಗತಾಾಗೆ ಆಸರ” ಇಡ ಇಟ ಷರ್ಕಾಸ ಬಾಸ ಆಡ್‌ಫೈನ್ಸಿತಷರಗ ಆಾರರ್ಯೂ ; ನಾರ್‌ “ವ್‌, ಮ“ ಟ್‌ ಸಾರಾ ಸಾರಾ ಯಾ ಇತ್ತಿ” ಇಸ್ಟ್‌ ರಾದರು ಸ್‌ ತೀಟ ಪಳ್ಳ ಅಷ್ಟವ ಎನ ಐದ ನ್‌ ಡು ಸ್‌ಕ್‌ಪ್ರ. ಆಸ-ಇಗ್ರ-ಹ್ಗು-ತ್‌ಸರ್ಯೂಕೊವ್ಯ ರ್‌್‌್‌್‌ ಇ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಕಾಸಇ-ರ್‌ಕುಿಃ ಇ ಎ. ಆ ೮ ಜರಾ ಧರರನಷಗ1- ನಾಇ ವರಿ ಇಆೀಕ್ರತಾನಿ-ತ್ರ ಸ್ಟಾರ, ಉಹರತರ್ಷಾನಾತ ವಕ್ಕ್‌ಡ/ ಬ ತುಮರಿ ರಾವ್‌ ತ್ರ ' ಲ್ಲ ಇ ಧ್ಞ ಸಗ ೩ಬುರನನುಗದ್‌ಹೂ ಲ್ರಕ್‌ಹಾರತ ಇರವ ಇಹಳ್ಳು)/ವರ್ಜತಗೆಡಾ ನಾಗ್‌ಯಇಾಂಡು ತ. ಆಸ್ಟೊಇಸಇತೆ ಹಿ ರಸ-ಷ್ಟೇ ಇಲಿ ಪ್ರ್ರಷಾರಾರ್ಥಾ ಆತ್ರ ಆ ಾಸಿಇನರರಿವ್‌್‌ದರಿ,ಿ ಉರು ಇಭತ ಇದರಾಗ ಲತ ರ” ಯು ೦ರ ಘಾ ಬಾಕು ಬು ಬ್‌, ಆಿತಿಜಾತರಿತ್ಟ್ಯೋನೇಾ ಜಾ ಆತು ಆರತ ಹಂತಿ ಛಾ ಟೂ ಪಾಗಷ್ಟಳಜಳ ಇಸಿ ಬಳನಇರಇವ ಇಲ್‌ಿ ಆ-ಡರ್ದ್ಷರರರವ! ಆರ್ಕ ಎರಡ ಜಾತು ಸರಗ: ಜ್ರ -ಎರಷಂ. ನ ಹಾಡು ಮಾಯಾ ಈಸ ಸೂ ಎಂತಾರವಗಿ ಇರೆ ಅವನಿ ಎನುಪ್ಸಹಿ ಇತ್‌ ಇದ್ದರೆ ಇರಾಇರಷ್‌ಮು. ಇಸ ರಾದರಾ” ರಹಸ್ಯ ಕೋ ರವ! ಢವ ತವು ಕಾ ಇಂ 3. ಯಮ ಘರ್ರ[3ತ ಸಾತು ಎತ ತ ತಾತಿಯ 24 ತಾ ರಳ ಎಂ ಸಾಜಾ ಕಯ ಫಗ ರಗಗರಾರಾುತ- ನೂ ಕ ಆಷ್‌ಳಾ್ಗ ಇ್‌ಾರಾರ್ಜವಗಮಾಡ್ಸ ಇ6ಸಿಷ “ಸಾಂ ರ್ಯಾ ಮ್‌ಜಾರ್ಯಪರ್ಷಾನ್‌ ಬು ಕ್ಮ ಸಲ್‌ 2 ಹಾಹಾ ತಸೂತ್ರಹೂವ ರಾರಾ ರಗದ” ಐರಮ್‌ವುಿ. ಆತುರನಾ ು-ಇರರಷ್ಫ್ಣಷ ಇರರ ಇಸರ್ಮಾಷ 6 ಸತ ಬಿ ಇಳ ಧ್ರರಷ-ಆಂರರತಆರಾಜತದರರ್ನು /೨-ರ್ಮಾರಾಳ್ಳ ಜಾಯಾ ತ್ಕಾಣತ್ರ್‌ ತ್‌ ತ್ತೆ ಡ್‌ ತಡಾ ಸ "\| ಗಡು ವು ತ 2 ವ ಗ ಗ -ರಹಷ್ಯರಾ ಷಾ ರ್ಯ ಇರೆಳಡುಣ “ಕು ರಷ್‌ ಪರ್ಧಾಯಾ ಬ್‌ ಎ ಯ ಟ್ಟ ಬಿ ಸಷ ಳು 1 ಓ6ಕ್ಲ ದಿ ಸಗ ದರ್ಪಣ ಬಿಹು ರಡ ಆಮ್‌ ಸ “ವಿಡ್‌” “ಹೇ ಇರ್‌ ಎ -ರ್‌ಾರಾಾತ್‌ನ ಜಾರ್ವ-255 ರಿ ಜ್ಯ” ್ಹದ್ದ ಇಸ ನವ್‌ುಡಿ [1 (\| ರ್‌, ಎದ್‌ ಬ! ಇಇ ದಡಾರ “-ರ್‌ವಾಾಈವ್‌ಹರ ಖಾನ ಇಸ-ಪಿದೌವೂ4 ಆರಾಮ ಬ ಲ 2! ಕ್ಟ ಬ ರ ಯ್ರು ಬ ಚ ಗೆ (61 ಆದಾಯ್‌ ಡ್‌್‌ ಇಂದ್‌ ರ್‌ೂ ಸಾರಿಯ ರಾವಾ ಸಾಕು \| 16 ೯ \| ನ ವೆ ಡು ಹ್‌ 4. ಜನ್ನ ೫ 1! "1 ಯದಿಇಸರರಸ ಲಾಸ ಈ ಅಾಸಇಹುರ್ರೋಬಾರ್ಸವ್‌(ಕ್ರವಲ್ತು ಗ ಹಾ ನಾಡ ಇ ಸ್ರ € ಧ್ರ ಗೆ ್ಯ ಓಯಿ ಸಾಾ ಮಾ” ಳ್‌ ರ್‌ಂ; ಎ ದ ಗು ಇ್ಲುಃ ತಾಜ ಹಸು ಐಷಔರಾಗಡ್‌ಕೂೂಖ್ಳು ಇ 1೪ ಟಿ ರ್ಯ ವೂಳ್ಳಿ ಳ್ಳ ಇಸಿ ಆಸುಂಡಿ ಇ್ರಕಾಎರ-ಹರ್ಟರವಾ ಇಸಾ ಆನರ್‌ ತ ಭಧ ಛ ಎ ಬಾ ಹಜಜ ಕ 1ಳ್ಟೆ? ನರ್ಯಸ ಸತ್ತಿ ಸ 5೫-ರರಾಾಣತ್ಥ ತಸ ಗರ್ಯಾರಡ್‌ ೫5-ತ್‌ ಎಳುಗತ್ತಇಗನ್ಟ್ಕ್‌ ತಸೆರುಮ್ಸ ಮ್‌ ದ್ನ ಶಾ ತ್ಯ ಕ ಸ ಳಾ “ಇರು ರುವ್‌ಆ-ಸನಿ ಕುವ ಇಡಿ ಜಾ ರಸಾಸಾಳುರರಾ್ಪಾರಾರ್ಯ-ವ್‌ ಎರ್‌ ಎ ಸ 1 “ಜು ಹ (ೆ ತ ಇ. ಭು ಇಷಾ ಭ್ಯ ಯಾಕ್‌ ಕ ಉಗ, ಸತಿದಿಷ್ದಷ್ಣಾ ಆ ಬ ಫ್‌ೊೌಪಫೀಫಲ ನ ಮರಾ ಬಜಿ ಗ್ದ ಟ್ಟ ಅಪ್ಪಿದ್ದ ಯುಸಿ ಇ-್ಥ ಸ ಇಸ “ತರಾಷ್‌ಳು ತುವ ಪ್‌್‌್‌್‌್ಗೃ್ಹ ವ ನ್ಯ (ಇಸ ಇರರ ನ ವು” ಬನ ಟ್ರ ಮ್ಳ ಸ ಆ ಸ ಯ ತ \| ಮಲ ಜಟ ಜಷ್‌ಸುಪಸರಿಇುಳ್ಳವ ಇತ ತಾ ಸರ್ಲಾಗಷ ಸ ಟ್ಟ ತ! ಕ್ರ ಹ್ಮ ಚ್‌ ಜ್ರ ಆಜ್‌ ಟೈ ತ ಬಕ್ರ ಗ ತ ಸ ಸ ಕೆ ತ \| ಆರತ 11.1 ಓ -ರರ-ರ್ಮಶೆಂಡರಪ್‌ಬರಾಸಡ ಇಷಾ ಇಮು ಇಜುರ್ಜ್ಚಷರಸಮುರರ್ಷಾಷಇರ ಬ) ಇ ರೂ . 1! ಸ ಗ್ಮ: ಪ್ಯು ಫು ಜು ಜ್‌ ಚ ಜಟ ಬ್ಲೂ ೯ ಗ ಘಿ ಆ ಎಸ ತ ಜ್‌ ಮ್ನ ಟು ' ಆಾರವಳ ನಾ ಹಾಸಯ) ರ್ಯಾಂ ಇೂತಿಪಹಭ್ಯಾರಾ ಸ ಓದು ಆಟ ಇಹ ಜು ಳಾ (ಟೆ ಈ 1 ಸ ಸಿ ಬ (3 ಬಜ ಭಟ ಬಟ್ಟಿ ೯ ಜು ಎ ಆಜಾದ ಆಗ ರುಕಾ ಇರರ ಆವ ನಿಧಿ ರೂಭಲ ಎರಾಷಂವೂ ತಾ ಇಸ್‌ಹು 5ಾ3ರಜರ್‌ರ್ಗ, ಟು ೫ 2 \| ಇಡೆ 1 ತ ಹ್‌ ೪ ಸ 4 ಘ ಕ ತ 1 ತ್ರೆ ಆಬ್‌ ಹ ಕಸ ಗ ಛ್‌ ಜತ್ಟ್‌ ಸ್ಟ ಕಾಲ್‌ಗ್ಯಲವಂದ್‌ ಗಾ ಸಾರಾ ್ಲ್ಮೂ ಲೂ ಇಟಿ 4 ಕಿ ಚಾ ಘಿ ಓಮು ಅಪಿ ಇ ಟಟ ಲ ಲ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಉಂ ಜಸ ಹಜ್‌" ಎಸ ಹಹ ಬಮಯೂಹಿೂಮಿು ಹ್‌್‌್ಮಸ್ಮಟ್ಪ್ಹ್ಪ್ಪ್ಪ್ಹೌಉ್ಯ್ಪ್ಹ್ಪ ಬ ತ ಹ್‌ ರ 1 ಮಾ ಇ ಎ ಸ್ಯ ಬಾ ತ ಹ ನಿ ಸ್ರ ಚ ೫ ಕ ಸುಸು ಹು ಬದಪರಗ ಇ ಜ್‌ ಹ ದ ಸ (ಆರ್‌ “ ಫ್ಲಸ್ರಾಸ್‌ಷಾರಾ್‌ “ರ ರರರ್ಮಹರಗಾಣಾ 1! ) ಸ್ಸ (0) ಖ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಸ್‌ ನ್ನ ದ್‌ ಸ ದಾ! ತ 2 ದ್ಯ್ಮುದ್ಧ ಮ್ಟಾ ಹ ಗ ಬ್ಯ ಛಿ -_ ಡ ತಂಗಿದ ಉಯಿಲು ವಆಢಿನು ಷ್‌ ನ 1 ದು ಕ್ಸ ಬು ಜಸ ವು ತ ಎ ಜಿ ೯ ದ್ರು ಕ ಸಯ ೧ಯಿಸರರ್ಮ್ಗಷಹ್ಕ ಎರಸು್‌ ನು ಇಡಾಗವೇಸ ಇವ್ರ ಛೇ "ಓರಾ ತ್ರ-ಸ ೨ ಜಾರದ ರ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಗಿ ಇ ೯ಗಷಾಾ ಇ ಧಾಲಗಮುಬ-ಷುಷ್ತಾ ಎಷ್ಟ ಅದ್ಮಿ ಬ್‌ ಯಷ್ಟು ಇಷ್‌-ಒರ್ಯಗ್ಮ ಖಿ ರರ 4 ವು ಬಗ ಹ! ) ೪ನ ಹಾಕ ಇವನ ಡವರ್ಪಗ್‌ೂ ಸಾ ರ್ಕ 3 ' ಹ ಬ ಪ್ರ ಹ ಸ ಜು ಎ ಜಾ ಬ ತ ಸ ಕತಿ ಸಿತೃಷ್ಳು ರಾಡಿ ಎತರ ಭಾ ಸಿಯ ಧರ್‌ ಡೆ ಎರ್ಪ-ರ್ಗುೂರ-ಮ ಜ್‌ ಇವೂ ಡಾ ಕ್ಯಾ ದ್ರ ಕತೆ ಸ್ರ ಸರೆ “ಭು ಆರಾರು ಗಾ” ಇ ಕಿ ಸ \| 4 ಸೆ ಸ ಇ ಕ ನ ಮ 8 ಕಪ್ಪ ತ ಬ್ರ ಕಃ ವರವಾರು ಬಪಿಕಗರುಾರ”ದ% ಒಗಯ ಬದ ಕಾ ಬದಾಡಾರಾ ್ಸ್ಸ ಬ [ ಹ ಸ ಉರ್ವಾ ಖಿ ಸ ದ್ಯ ಕೌಜ ಇ”: ಕ 1 ಸಂ ಇಷ್ಟ ರ್ಪಕಾಳು ನಡತೆ ಜಾ ಸ್ತತ ನ ಅಚುಚ ಬ ಚುಚ ಖಯ 2 ಬೆ ಇ ನದುರಾಸಾಖಾರಾನವ ಯ] ಬ್‌ ಟಿ 1 ಕ್‌ ಸ ಕ [ಗ ( ಇ ಜು \| ' ತಾ ಇು-4್ಷ ರಾಳಣ ವ ರಾರ ಪರಾರಿ ಐರನ್‌] ಧರಾರರರ್ತೆೇರರ್‌ ಬಃ ಚ ಇ್ಗ) ಇ್ರಾಉರೀರ್‌ವದಿ “ಇತೆಲಶಗ್ಸ ಚಡ ಸಾನ ಬಜಾಹ ರಸಿಕಾ ಗರ್‌ ಘಂ ಇ ೯ರ ಬದ ಲ್ರ ಲು ಕ ಸಾ ಹಾ ೧ರಕರ್‌ದು ವಷ, ಲೂ ಳು ಎರೋ! ಇರಿವ ಎಂ) ಆದರರ ಸ್ವ ಉಗ ನಾ ಗ್‌ ಕೆ ಕಾನ ಜಾ ಲಿ ಹಾ ಇ ಜೆ ಜರ ಲದ ಡ್ಯ ಎ ಯಾ ಅಲ್ವೆ ತಡ ತ್ಕ ಜ್‌ ಆದು ಯ \| ಆಜ ಜ್‌ ಬಾ ರಕ ಾ ಎವಿ ಲ್‌ ವ ಲ ರಣಾ್‌9ೌ ಸು ಸ ೯ರ ಕ್ಷ ಲು. ದು ಫ್ರು 1 ಜ್‌ ಸ ತ ಕ ಕ್ಸ” ರೋಪ್‌ ಣ್ಣು ಇಟಾಲಿ ಹೊ ಮ ನ ಇ ರಾಂ ಜ್‌ ಇರ್ನ್ಟದ ದರಾ ರರಕ ಲ್‌ ಜಷರ್ತ್‌ ನಲಜಂಕಾು ಇರಕು-ಮು .ಟಾದ ಆಧರದ ಇ ಸ ೬ ( (\| ಇಫ್‌ ಬಣ್ಯಾಣಲ'ರು. ಸ ಯು ಉು ಲ್ರು ಭ್ರ ಲು “ವವಗೇೇನ ಕೆ (2. 2೨ ಇರಬ ಜೀ ಊಜಾರಪಂರ್‌ದಲ ನು ವಾಗ ಯಾರು ಶಾ ್‌ ಇ ತ್‌ ಜಿ 1 ಸಾ ತ ಬ್‌ ( ಇತಿ ಘ್‌ ಜಾಸಧಇಂದೂಗಕ ೪ ಜದ ಓದಿ ಸರ್ವರ್‌, ಭವದ ರಾಹಾ, ಕ ಇಟ ಇರಾ ಜಬರ್‌ ] ಯರ್‌ ಜಾತ್ರಿ ಇರ ತ “ತಂ ವಾಲಿ ಕಿದಾದ ಇಂನಿದಾಸಿಸಿರರ್‌ದದರ ದವ ಸರರರ್ಯಾಹಲಿಸಾಬ ಆರರ-ರರ ಜರಾಂ ಈ ರರ ಾಣಾರ್ಲಯಾನೊೂಾ ಸ್ಟ `ಸ ಇ ) ಹ ಭಃ 1 ಸ್ರ ಕ್ಸ ಳ್ಳ (ಫಿ ತ್ತೆ ಸ ತ ತ ಸ ಟೆ ಆರಿರರಾಣನ ಲ ತ ಆಗಲಾರ ಲ ಇರರಾರುರಗಗರುರ್ಯಾಾ ಆರರ ಡ್‌ ೯ ಜಾಲರಾರಹ ಆ ಟೂ ಜ.೬. ಜು ಲ 1 ದ ಎ ತ ಳು ಸ -ರಸ್‌ಯು ವ್ಯಾಸಸಾರ್ಲಯಿಾ ರರ ಪವ ಇ.ೀ ಬಕನ ದರಾತ್ಟ್‌ ಷ್ವ”ಪಸ್ಮಿಷದು ಸ್ಯರ್ವ್ಯ್‌ ಸರದ ಶ್‌ ಆ ಹುಡ್‌ ಇರ ುದರಿರ ರ ಆ ಳು ಡುನಲ್ಲಿ ಲ ಕೆ ತ್ಲೆ ಗ ತಾ ಹ ಬು ರ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಚಾ ವ ಚಟು) "ಎಷು ಆರರ ಉದ ಬ್ರ ದ್ಕ ಲ್ಕ ಬ್‌ ಬ್ತು ತ 0 ಸ ತ ; ಹ್‌ ರಾರಾ ತೆ ಬ ಗ ಗ ಸ್‌ ಇಟ್ಟ ಅಮ್ಮಾ ್ಳ್‌ ಸ ಭಾ ನ ಕತ ಹ ತ ತಾಲ 4 ರ್ತಿ ಈ. ಇ%೧ನ೧ ೪ ದದ್ಧುರವ ಆರ್‌ ಶಿ ರಾಸು, ಅಷ ಲರು ವದ ೂಾಖರರರಸಜರುರುಿ 7೬1 ಗ್ಯ ಬಾ ಪ್ರ ಕ್ರ 1 [ \| ೫ ಇ ಮಹಾ ಬಜ ಸೆ ಬಮ ನಲದು ಸನ ನರ್ಮದ ತಾ ರಯ್ಯ ಐಲು ದ್ಧ ಬು ಇಾ ಡಸ ಟ್‌ ಎವ ಹಾಗ ಳ್ಳ ಇ್ಲಬಂ ಸನ್ನ! ತ ಬಾ ಕ್ರ ಚ ] ಗಗ. ! ಕ ಬಾ ಲ್ರು ಎ ಟಡೆ ಡೆ ಬ ೯ ಸಟ. 1 ತ ್‌” ಹ ಸ ಪ ಮ “\| ರಸ ರಾ ಏವನು ಸವಿಇದ್ದೂ ಬು ನರ್ವಷುರಿ-ಷ್‌ 7 ನುಳಡಂ -ಷಲಮ್ಲ ಜಾತ್‌ ಸಸಬಾಳ ಎರು ರಿ] ಸಾರಾ ಸುಂ ಲಯಯಾಲೋ ಭೆ ಕಾರುಮೂತೆ ಗ್ದ (ಯುನ ಗ ಯ ಜಿ ೦ ಸ ಃ ಬ 1 “ರಾ ಸಗರ ೬ ಹೂರಾಿಗತ್ನ ಎನೂ ೦ರ್ಮುಡರ್ಮುರಆಣಆ ನರಗ ಳದ ರಾಜದ ಇರಾ ಇರರುರ್‌್‌ಿನೂ ಇಸಿ ಇರದ 1 \| ಕಸಾ ಬ ಳಾ ಸ 1 ಗೆ ಗ ಗ ಗ ಕ ದ್ರ ಲಛ”್ರ ಎ ಹಾ ರಾ ರಿರರಂರ ರಾರಾ ಗರು ಳ್ಳ ಇಸಾ ಷ್ಟ ಲ್‌ ಬ್ರಿ” ತಡ! ಶ್ತ ಐದು ಬ ಭ್‌ ದ ಒತು ವ್ಸ ಭವದ, 1 ಕ \| ! ವಾ್‌ ಯರ್ಯಾವ ಧ್ರ 'ಆಾೌ ಹಾಲ್‌ನ ಕಾ ಗು ಇಲಾ ಇಲಜದ್ದೇ ಳ ಜಾ ಗಯ ಆದ್ದ ನೆ ಇ) ಣಾ ಭಾ ರಾನ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟ ಏರ್‌ ಸ ಕ \| ಗಿ ಎ ಧ್‌ ಜಾತ್‌ ಕ ಸ ಬ 2 ಮ ಹ ಟು 1 ಇವಿ ಅಷ ಅನ್‌ವರ್‌ ಲ್ಲ ಆ ಜು ಉರ್‌ ವರಿ ಇಣುಗಷ ಇರ್ಯಾರರ್ಥರಷ್‌” ಲುಭಾ್‌`ಖ್ಗ ಎ ್ಯಾ್‌7 ಒಕ ಥಿ ರಾಗಿ ಆರಾರು ಇವಾ ಯ. ಗಳು ಇರರ್ಯಾ7 ಲಾರಾ ದಾನಾ ರಾಜಿ “ ತಿಕ ಇ ಇರ ನರಾ ಲಾದ ನಳ ಜ್‌ ಚೆ ಇಂದೂ ಸ್ಥಾ \| ನರ್ವಿಸ್‌ವಾದಾತರ್ಜಾ॥ ದ ಆಸು ತಿ ಎ ಬ ಷು ಸಷ ಪ್‌ ನ ಗಣ ಟಾ ಬಾಲಂ “ರುರಾತ ಇ 'ಹಷವಿ ಾರರ್ದನ ರದ. ಇರ ೧ರರಾತಾ ಸಿ ಇಂಗ್ಫನ ಅ ಥೆ ಸ್ಮ ನು ಲಾ ರಷ ರರರ್ವಾರ್ವಹ್‌ಹುರ್ಣಾಲ ಚ್‌ -ವಕಿಇ) ಆರದ ಜಗ್‌ ಸಿ ಖಿ ಮಾಜಿ ನ ಲ ಜು ದ ಟ್ಛ ಬ ಜಂ ಮಬ ಡಿ ಹ ಾ ಇಸಿ ಆದೂಅಡೆಲ್ಟ ದಷ್ಟ ಳದ ರಾರಾ ಸುತಿ ತರ್ನಾಗಲಂರಿವ್‌ಗನಾರಾ ರಯ ಜ್‌ ಬು ಭಡಾರನು \| ಖಿ ಉ \| ಕ ತ ಕ್ವ ಎ ತ ಸ ಲ್ಲ ಸಗ! ್ಟ್ಸ್‌ಡ ಸ್‌ ದಿ ಉರರ್‌ನ ರ್ಯಾ ರರರ್ಸಡಾರ್ಲರ ಶ್‌ “ರಾಚ ಎರ ಬಾಷ ಇಷ ಜರ್‌ ಕ್ಕ ಕಃ ಸ್ಯ (ಕಳ್ಳ ಸ್ಹ ಸ ಷ್‌ ಜಕ್ಕ. ರಜ ಕ್ರಸಂ ರಾಂ ಒರ ನಸಸೇಯ ಇರು ಇರಾ ಬಾಸ ಯಾತ ಉದ್‌ ಸಸರ ಆಕ " ೫ ಇ ... ; ೧ಡಿ ವರ-ಸೂಾರ್ಯವು ಇ ಟಾರ್‌ ತ ಉದರ ತಾ ಇ ಇನ್ನರ್‌ ನಿಯರ ಯು: ಧು ಬ ಭ್ಯ ಡು ಗ ಳ್‌ಕ್ಲಣ ಲ ಆರ್ಯ್ನುವ್‌ ಇಎರಂಯೇೀಡ, ಇಡಲಾದ ತತ ತ್ತ ಇರಲ ಎಾರಾಮಸೆನಗದೂನಕಾರ ಇ ಳ್ಳ ಇದ್ದರ ಡ್‌ -ರರಯ ಎರರ್‌ ಜರದ ಉಸುಂು ಸ್ಟ ಆರತಾ್‌, ಜ್‌ 0 ಸಜನ ಬು ಠಾಸಾಸಣ ಮತನ ಇರ್ಣವನಿ ಸಿ ಇರಿ ಅರವಾಗದಾಲಷ್ಟ ಕ್ರ (ಇುರ್ದ್ಯಾ- ೫ರುಡಸವಾಾ ಘಾಗರ್‌ ಅಿರಾಷ್‌ಜರ ಐ ಇದಉುರ್ವವ 'ಇಣಬರ ನಾರಾವಿ ಕ್ಷ ಅ ವಜ ್‌ ಶಾಯಿ ಹೌಸಿನ ಆಂಗ ರಳ ಆ ಲಪ ಇುಣ ರಡು ಸ ಾರರ್ಯಪ್‌ಕೆಂು ಆರ್ಬಾರದಿಯ್ಲಿ ಇಡ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಕ ೦ ತ ಹ ವಾದ ಾರಾಾರಾರರ ಕಾನ ಇದಲ ಗರ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಮು ಧ್ರಾರವ್‌'ವ್‌ರ್‌ದ ಆವ ಇಡಸುಗರು” ಬ ಇತ್‌ ಪ್ದ ದ್ಯಾ ತಗಿ ವ ಜು ೋಉ್ಥಥ ಇರ್ಜ್ವ್‌ಹ್‌ತ-ಸಸರಾಾ ಳು” ದಯ ಬ್ಲ ಡಂಂಸ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಸ್ಹ ರ್ಯ ರಾ ಇಂ ಜಾ ಸಜ \| "ಸ್‌ -ಜೌರ್ವಾರಾಾಸಲ ಆದ್‌ ಸಾಸ್‌ಷಡ್ಣ್ಲಡ ವಾ ಒ ಜಾ. “ಇ ಷ್ಟ ಲಷ” ಹಇ್ರಂ ಜು ರುಕಾ ರಾತಿ ೦ಇಡಾಾರಾರಾಮ್‌ವೆ “ರಾಷ್ಟ ಟಾ ಜಾರ ವರ್ತಸ್‌ರಾತರ್ಟಷ್‌ ಸ ಇಲಾ ಎ ಯು ಸತ್ರೂ ಗ 4 ಇಸೌಂರ್ವ್ಪಾರ್ಜ್‌ಹ್‌ರ್ಮಕ ಕರ್ವ್‌ ಜಾಸ್‌ದಾರವ್‌ಾಗೆ ಹ ಬ ಬ ಪ ಚ _ಅಪತಪಂತಥಔ್ರಂಬಂ್ತಹ ಸ್ರ ಸ (ಕೆ -ರೀಡ್‌ಯು 1 ಇರಾರತರಿರಾ, ಬಾ ಹ ಇ-ಸಸಿ ಇಹದ ಹ ಹ್‌ ಭರ ಡ್‌್‌ \| ೆ ಕ “ಡ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಕಹು ಸಾಯ ಬಾ ಬಜ ಊ ಸಾ ಮು! ಇಷ, ಯರ್ಯದ \| ; ಸು ಉ ಇರ್‌ \| "ು ಕ ಹ್‌ ಸಬರದ ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಕುರ್ತಾ ಇ ರು ಇನಗನ ಎಸ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ರ ರ \| ಕ್ರ [ರು ಆಷರಷ ಸ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಎರಾ ಬಸಿ ಆ ಆ ಎಸರು ಒಗೆ “ಡಡ್ಸ ಇರ್‌ಷರ” ಣು ಶ್ಯ ಪ್‌ಡೆ ತ ಡರ ಇಷ ವಷ ಆಜು ಉದಲತಾ ಷ್ಪ್ಯ ವ್‌ ಎ ದಷ್ಟಿ ಕ್ಯು (್ರಾ” ಪ್ರಾರದ್‌ತ್‌ಿ ಸ ಚ ಇಡ ರಲ ರಾಮಾ ಇದ್ದಾವರಾದ ಸಕು] ಲ ಜಾರ ಆರಾರಾಾರ್ಜತ ಹ ತ್ರಾ ಳ್ಳ ಜ್‌ ಹಾ ಇತಿ 2 .ಂಂಊ ಪ ಇತ್ರೇರಾನ ಜ್‌ ಲಾರಾಕಾಇದ್ರಾ ಇಣಡ ರು ತಿಷ್ಟಿರಸ್‌ಸರ್ನಿತ ಜು ದದ, ಇ್ರ್ರಕರಾ್‌್‌ಡ್ಯ ಎ 60 ಇಧ್ಷಣಸಾ-ಸಂಾಸ! ಬಾರ್‌ ್‌ ಘಃ ಳು ರ ಸ್ಟ ತಳಯ ಗ್‌ ರಹ್ಪಾಾಣ್‌ಿ ಬ್ರ ಆದೂ, ಗ “ಷರಷಲ-ನಸ ಾರ್ಥತ್‌ರಾವಿ ಇ ಉರು ಯಿತಿ ತ್ರುಷ್ಟಾರಾ ಇರ್ಕು ಇ ೪ ಇಇ ಡೆ ಫ್ರಿ ಆಇರ್‌ಶ್ಯೋಳ್ಳವ್‌ನೂ- ಆ ಇರ್ವಾಸಂಣುತಿ ಆ ಬಂ ಅರರ ರಾಡು ಹಪ್‌ ಾು ಇಷ್ಟರ ಆಲೇಷ್ಸಿದ ನಮ್ರ ನಮುಬಲರಾರ್ವಾಾಾರರರರ್ಹಕುತಿ ಇುರಷ್‌ವ್‌ಸನಿಸಂ ಇನು ಳು ತಾಸ ಪುಣಿ ಆವ್ತು ಛು ನು ಸಮಾನ ಹುಲದಡಿಇಸಾ ಇತ್ರ-ಪ್ರಸರ್ಣರಾತ್‌ ಕಾರಾಷನ-ಷ್‌ ಡ್‌: -ಪ್‌ದೈತಿ ಲರ ವರಾ \| ಇಸಿಲ? ಜುತೆ, ೨9ಜೆ-ಪುಬುಲ್ಲವೆ-ವರರಗ್‌ನರಾಕವವಸಣಾಗ ಹಣ್ಣೂ ಳು ತಗ ಪಲರ್ಡರಾಸರಾಳನ ಆಸರ ವ ಸ್ಟಪಾಕಾತವ್‌ಪ್‌ಸರಸಂಇುಲ್ಣವೆತ-ಕ ನರುರ್ಶ್ವಕ್‌ವ್‌ವ್‌ ಪೌರರ ಹ ಇನ ಉಎಳ್ಳಿದೌ ದೆ \| -ಸ್ರುಯೆ ಬಡಿ ಭಾ ಅಸ್ರತ್ರಪ್‌್‌ ನ ರಾಶ ರವಾ ಇ.ಇ-ರಸು ಕಿತ ರಷ! ಇಇಸ್‌ಸರ್ತಾ . \| ಲ ಸ -ದ್‌ಸಷ್ಟು ಎ ಇಸ ವಪ್ರಕ್ಬ ಲರ ಕಾಡ್‌ಹಣೇ ಆಹಾರ ಸದವರಾ ಧಾರ್ಡಹರ್ಯಾಣಣಾ ಎಂಸಿ 1 ನು ಇಡಾ್ಸೂವ್‌ನಾ. ಬಾತ ರು ಸಿ ಆರಾಷದನ” ತಿಾಸರಶ್ಷಷಷ್ಟಿವ್‌ಷಾನಿ \| 4 ಈ ಉಡಿಸಲು ಇ್ತ್ರವ್‌ತ್ಕಿ ಜರಾ ಯಾಯಹಾ ಸ ಜಿ ಟಚಾಹು ಟೂ \| ಸು ಇಂಸಾಸದಷ್ಣನರ್ಜಂದಹಣು) ಜ್ರ ಇಂದಿರಾ ಇಇ ಲದ್ಯಸರಡಕೆಸಾಗಾರ್ಸ್‌ತಇ್ರರುಳ್ಳು . “ಮುಷ್‌ಗ್‌ಡಿ ಇಳಾ ಾರ್ಸರಸತ ಪಿಎ ವು ಕಡು ತಿ.್ಟ್ರಾಸಾಸ್‌ಸಾಣೆರ ಕ ು೦ರುರಾಂದಳು ಲ್ಲರ್‌ಕ್‌ಜಿ ತರಾಳ ೫ ಇಷ್ಟಸಸ ಸಇಾಸ್ಟ 6ಎಾಸುಇತ್ತೇದ ಇ ಅಲಾರ್ಯಾ ನ್‌್‌ನಾ ಇಲ್ಲಾನ್‌ ಸವಿ ಉ-ಷರ್ಪಾರೌಿಲ್ದಾಕುೂ ವ್‌ ಸ ಶ್ರಜಡು ಕ್ತ ನದಿ ಫ್ರಿ ಐದ್‌ ಯಶ ನ್ಯೂರಹ-ಸಇಸಸುಇ ಫಿ ಜ್ರಶಾ-ರಾಫ್ಯರ್ಕ್ಯವ್‌ನು. ತ ಈ -ಕರ್ಜವ-ತ್‌್ರೂಸ್ಟಷ್‌ರ್‌ವಾ ಇತ್‌ಪರ್ಕರ್ಟಪು ಇ ಇಂಾಸರವಾ ಎರರ್ಜರ್ವಾಕ್‌ಪ್‌ರಿಡ್‌ವ್‌ನ ಆಮಾನು ಸಕು 1 'ಶೈಷರ್ಷಪ್‌ನರಾರಾಷರಗ್‌ೈ, ಇ ಆರರಾಾರಾಕಾ-ಷದದಸರಾ ಇರ್ಜಾಪಡ್ಯ(ಇ; ಘ್‌ ರಾತೋ 1 ನ -ತೇಸುಪ್ಲೆರು-ವ್‌ವ್‌ಸ ಸಿ ಸಾಕಾದ ವರರ್ಮಾಯರಿ ಸರ್ಗ ಸಹಾರ 4 \| ಇರ ಸ 1 ಇಾರಾಣಿತಿ ಈ ಕ್ಕೇ ಕ ಇಂತ ಬರಿಷ ತ್‌್‌ ಡಿ ಮ್ರಂ)್ರರಾರಾ-ಹ್‌ಡನೆ ಇ್ಯಸಜನಕ ಗ ಕಕ ಆ. . ಇ [ಕಿ \| \| "ಗಗ ಕ “ ಗಂ 1 . \| ಭರಾಚ ಗವರಗ ದನಣ ಉಂ 'ಹ್‌ಡಯಸದ್ಟ್‌ಪರದ್‌್‌ಸ್‌ಸೂಣರ್ಮಾದಜ್‌ಡರಾಗಾಾ ಬರುತೆ ಇವತ್ತು [ನಾ ಇಸ್‌ ಶೊ ಭ್ಯ್ಯಾವ್‌ನು, ಇರಾ ದ್‌ ದೈ ಕ ಆರ್ಕಾತ ರಾಡು ಇ ರಾವರ ತಾ ರಾ ಘರ್‌ವ್‌ಸಿ ಆಡ್‌ಸ್ಯಿಕ್ಕೆ ಶ್ಯ ಲು 5 ವ್ರತದ ಇ ಇರೂ ದ್ನ ಮಗ ಬೃ) 2 ಅಲಾ ಸ್ನ ಆಲು ಸ ಇ ಎ ತ್‌ ಬತ ಟು ಜವಾರಿ ಇಲಿ ರ್‌ ಪ್ರಸ್ರಾು ಆತ್‌ ಸಾಸ್ಟ ಜ್ರ ಪ್ರತ ್ಳಜಸ್‌ಫ್ರು. ಎ ಮಲದ ಸ ಸ ಬ ಉ ಸಧಡಾಫ್ರಿ ಇಸ ಬರಾರ್ದರ ಕ 'ದರಿಯಂೂ ತ ಇಸಣುತ್ಕಾ? ನಡು ಇಇರ-ರಗವ್ಟ ಆನಕ್ಷದೆ ಸರಕಾ ಇರರಡಥಿ ಹಾ ಲ್ಯಾ 1 ಬ ಜು ಲು ಸದ್‌ ಸಾ ತ ಆಡು “ರ್‌ ವರಾಕ್‌ಡರಾಸ ಬರಿ ಆಇಸರು-ದಲ್ಲಿ ಬ ತ ಕೂಸ ಇರದ ದ್ದ "ರರ ವ್ಯಾ ಈ ಷ್‌ ಎರು ಇತ್ತಿ ಇಬ ಇಷ್ಟೇ ಜ್‌ ಲ-ರುತೆ ಪ್ರಿಸಮ್‌ ಇದರಾಗ ಜಾ ್‌ೂ ಇ 4 ಜಾತಾ ಬ ಇಸಸರಾದರಾ್‌ಪಾ್‌ ಪಟ್ಟ ಜಾ ಜು ತು ಕ್‌ ಶ್‌ ದೂ ಶ್ರಿ ಸ್ಟಾ \| ರ್‌ ಆ-ಷಸಾಾಳ್ಯಯರುರ್ಸನು ಗ್‌ ಜಾ ದ ಯುದ್ದ. ಇಡ ಲು ಒವ್‌ವರಾಸ ಮರ್ತಾಯಂಂ ತ ಜಡ ನಸರಜರ್ತಪ್‌ನೂ ಇಸಿ ಭರೋ ಆ ಹ ಕ್ಕ ಜರ್ದಗ7ದಸಹಹಿರಾಗಗದರರ ಸಾಲ ಜಾತಕ ಎ ಇರಸು-ಷರ-ಷ”' ಇಡ ಆಾಸಸಾಳ್ಯ ತೆ __ಶ್ರಾನಿಯಾಜರಿ ೫15 ಡ್‌ನ ಮಾ 1. ಶಿರಸಿ ಅವರರಇಾಾಸರಿಷ್‌ ಹ ಟ್‌ ಳ್ಳ ಆದಯ ಆಾಹಣತಿ ರರು ಣ್ಯ ಇಳು ಕಾಲ ಬಾ ಜ್‌ ನಡ್‌ಹಾ ಜ್‌ ಯಾನ್‌ ಜ್‌ಸೊ 53 2 ಜ್ಣಾ ಆರ್ಯುಸನ ಮ ನಿಮ್‌ ವಸವ ಡನ ಷ್‌ ಹಾ ಕು ಇರ ಆರ್ಯಾ ರಸ ಜಾದು: ಡ್‌ ಇ ಇರು ಔುಸಸ-ಮ್‌ವ್‌ಕೆಪ್ಟು ಇನೆ ಟೆ ಇರದ, ಇರು-ವ' ತಾ ಜರ್‌ನೆ-ಇಾಾಷ ಮಸ್ಕಾ ಇಂಷ್ಟು ಕ ಅಮನ ತಾತ-ಹರ್ಜಣ' -ರ್ಯಾಸರರಾಡ್‌ಗಳ ಆಆ ಇಗ ನಮ ಂರ್ಜಾರುಸಾಸಸ್ಥಿ ಸ ಸೈಬರ್‌” ಸಾಗದೆ ಜಾ : ಆಗಡ್‌ಸೈಇಮ್ಯ್ಯಾಸ್‌ ಿ ರ್‌ವಪರಾಾಸರಾತು ಇರವ ತ ಸರಿಸ ತ ಎರು ಕುದ್ದ-ತೆ ಇವಡೆ ಸಿ-ಇಂಾಸ್ಷಿ-ಆಾತಿ ಇಷ ನ-ದ-ಧಾತ, ಆವಿಸಗಸಸರರುಳ್ಳು ಹಾ ೂ ಮಿ ಡಿ ತು ಸುಖಕರ ಐಸಿ ಎನಲೊಾ ಹ ವ್‌ ರಾಜ್ಯಾ ತ್‌ ಯು, ಜರ ಜಾರ್‌ ಪ್‌ಸಾಳ್ಕಿ ಐಮುರರರಜ್‌ನತ. ಇತಿ ಕಾಲವ ವರಾತ ತ್ಕ “ವಾರುಹ್‌ವರಾ-ನೆ-ಇಾ-ರ್‌ಡಸ್ಯುಂ ತಾಟು ಆಸುರವ್‌ರಲ್ಟು-ತಾಪತ್ರ ಣ್ಯ ತಲ್ಲ ಅಸ್ಟ್ಭಾಡ -ಕೆೌತ4 4, ೧ರ ಇರುರ್‌ಮ. “ಡನ ಪ್‌ಿತಿ ಆಮಾ ಹ್ತ ಭ್‌ ಐದೆ ಆಯೀಜ್ರಸ ಅ ಇ್ರಾಸೆರಗಾಡಿ ಇ ಕ್‌ -ಇಷಇ ಎರ್ಮ್ಯಸ ಬ ರ್‌ ಪು ಹರ ತ3ಿಸಾರರ್ಯವವದನ ಲಾ ಸಸ ಇಳ್ಳರಿ ಸಾಂ ಮುದಾ ಇಡಾ ಚಷುತಿ ಗರ್‌ ಸ ಸುಲಿದ ಸೀಜ-ಪ್‌ಆ್‌ರದ್‌ಗಳ್ಳ ನಾರಾ ಸರ್‌ -ವಾಂಸರಿತರಾಸಮಾ ಕಾರಾ 4 ಜ್ರ ನರ್ವಷ್ಯೂ ಜಸಾಾಾರಯಿ ಇ-ರಸಇತಂಸಗತೆಇಸ ಆಮೂರರವರ ಇತಿ ಸರ್ತ್ಯಸಡ್‌ಈೌಸಾಸರ ಇಾರ್‌ಶೊ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಸಲ-ದಾಅಇ ಣು ಡ್ವಕಾಸೂ3 ನಪ್ರ್‌ಸಸಇ-ನಇಸುರಾರತಿಂ “ಜು ಇ್‌ಕೆಂಯೆ ಪ್ರಾ ಸಾಸ,। ರ್‌” “ನಾರರರಾರರರದದಳಾ ಆರ್‌ ಇದಾ ಇದತ ಇತುತ “ರಕ್‌ ಕ್ರ ಬಾಬು ಇ. ಲರರರ-ಕಸ-ವಾಇ ಆಯೋ ಎಪರಾವದಾಜಾಷ ಹಾತ್‌ ಇಿರಾಸ ಫಿ “ಇನೆ ತಾಜ ಇ-ರರ್ಯಾ7ಡದನ 4 ಆಸುರ ಫಿ ೪ ಆಯಾ ನ್‌್‌ ಆರತ ಸಹಕರ ೨ ([ ಇು-ಹ್‌ತ್‌ಜಾಗ್‌ ಆಡೂ ಇಾಕ್ರರದವ-ಷ್‌ಹಸ್ಟಾಾಾ ಜಾಟ್‌ -ಇಮಾಲನ ಆಸುರ್ಸ್ಯಾ ತಿ ಇಡಿರ್ಟ್ಯಿನೆ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಇರಾ ಇಾಶ್ಟಎರವಾಾ ಕ-ಯಸ-ಸತ ಇಡಿ ಚಾ ಸ್‌ ತಾಸಸ್ಟ, ಆ ತ, ಇದೊರ್ಯಇನ ಇ ಇಲ್ಗತ ಅಕಾ ಸರ್ವರ ಜುರಾಸತ್ತಾ) ಜ್ವರ ಸರ್ತರಾಡ "ಳ್ಳಿ ಇಂತಿ-ದ್‌ದ ಇ ಇರುಳು (“ವಲ್ಲ ರರ್ಟದ ಆಸ, ಇಲ್ಫರಾಸ ಉಮಾ ಸುಡ ಕರ ರಾ ವಯು. ಬ ಜು ಯಂ ಖಿ ಸರಪರ ತಿ “ಬದು ಆ ತ) ಹಪ್‌ ಆರುರಾರಾರಾ 6 ಪ್ರಾ ಬಇರವ್‌ವರಾಸ ಜವಿ ಹು ಶಿ ಸರ್ಯಹರಿದ ಲು ಆ ಜಾರ ಇ ದಡ. ೪ ೫೬ ಆನಿಷ॥ಿ ವಾಸಾ ನ ಇ ಕಾರಾ ರ ಯಿ ಅ ಳ್ಳ ಜು ಸಲ್ಲದು ದ್ರ ನ್ಯಾ ಷಾತ ಆ ಕು]ರರ್ಧಾಾ್‌ ಈ ರಾಡು ಸ್‌ ಇ ಎ 5 'ತಾಸಕ ಶರಂ ದ್ಯಾ ಇರರಾತನನ- ಹಾರು ಸಾ ಹತ್ರ ಕಾಾಾವಾಸತ್ಸ್‌ ಮು ರಾವರಾಗನು ಉದರ 1 ಅಯಾ ತ ಇ ಸ ಸ ಲ ಕಟ ಗ ಲ್ಕ ಕ ಬ ಆ ಭ್ಹ್ರಾ ಸ ಸ್ರ “ರ್ಜಾಷ್‌ಷೌರ್ಟಾ್‌ನಿ ತಿರಾ ದರ್‌ ಷೆ ಬಮೊಲ್‌ನೆ ಇುಸೂಷುರ್‌ವಾಷ ಸಜ ಷು ತ್ರಾರಾಾಲಾ ಇಸ ರು ಸರ್ಟ್ಬಸರಾರಾಾಾರರಾಸರಾವ ತ್ರ ಸ್ನ ಇಸಚತಸ ತ ಷು ಕಾರಾ ಇಷ್‌ದ ತ್ರ ಬೂ ಎ ೪ ಜ್‌! ಆದೂ ಆರ್ಯಾ ನರು ಭಸ್ನರಾರಾ್‌ ಎರಾರಾರಾ ರು ಜೌ ಸೈಿಇರಾವ್‌ನು ರಿದ ರ್ಜ ಮುನಹು ಚ ಕ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಲಯ ಾ್‌॥ ನಷ ರಾಸ ವರಾರಾವಿ ಜು ನರ್ವಾನೆ ಮಾಕಾ ಇದ್‌ ಈಶಾ 35 ಲರ ರಯ ಓ ಮ ಭು ಇತ ಲ್ಲ ರಾ ಛೆ “ಲ್ಯಾ ರಾರಾರರಾಮ ಆಇ ಇ ಭದ ಯ್‌ ಇರರ ರಾರಾಾಲಾ ಇರರಾಾರರನತೆ ಹನಿಸರಾ ಇ್ನ್ಗದ ಜ್‌ ಕ “ಜ್ಯೂ ಡ್ರಂ ಕಾಡ್‌ರಾ-ರ ಯಿ ಾಸರದಲ್ಲ ಎಡ ತ ಎ ಜಾ ಒತ್ತಿಸ್ಟಗಕಾ ಸ್‌ು ಎರಾರ್ಸಾಹ್ಮ್‌ ರಾಸು ಅರಿದ ಮಣ್ಣು ಸ್ಯಾ ಸು \|] ರಂಡಿ ಹ ಮೋ ರಾಜರ ತೆ ನ ಇತುತ ವ ಜನರಷ್ಟೇ ಆರಾ ತ ಜಾ ಇ”ರಾರಾಾರಿ ಇಂಡ ತ್‌್‌ ಚಾವರ್ಸಃ ೩... ರೀಟ ಜ್‌ ದಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋ ಸ ಬಸ್‌ ಇರ್‌ ದಾಡ್‌ ಇ ಸಯ್‌ ರರಾಜ ಾಯ್ರು ಶರದ ' ವ ( 'ಮುಷ್ಯರ-ತ್ತೆ ತಡು-ತ್‌ಡು ಆರ್ಮರುವದದ ಜಾನು ನು ಗರರ್ನಾ್‌ರರಾರ್ಥ ವಾ ಸಾ ಘಿ ರಾಮ್‌ ಹಸೆ ಆ ತಾ ಬುರಡಿ ` ರಲಷ ಬಾ) ಇಸ ಹಜು ಪ್‌ತರ್ಕಾಣೆ ಹ್‌ ಇಂಚು ರಾಸಿ . ದರ್ಪಣ ಸುರು ಇವರದೇ” 6 “ಲ್‌ ಶ್ಪೋಸ್ಗಗಗ-ವರ್‌ಾ ಇವಿ ರರು ಇವುಗಳಾದ ನರರ ರಾ ನಸರ್ಟ್ರಿಃ ಆ ಲ ಲ ಷರಾ! ಚೀನದ ಇಮಾ ಅಲಾಷ್ಯೋರಾ ಯಿಸಾರೆ ಕು ರ್ಯರರ್ಯಾರಾರಭಕ-ರದಸು ಇಯಂ ಕಸಾ ಸಾ. 1 ಲ ಎ 3 ಗ ತ ಸ ಸ ಇರಾಳಾತ೦ಾಾ ಭಾ ಪ್ರಜ. ಇತು ರಾ ಯ ಚು 2ನ ಕಾಶಿಇದ ಇ ನಮುರ್ಡಿಸ ರಾರ ಇಲ ಷಿ ಸ್ಟ ಜಾ ಜು ಎಬ ಚು ರುಪಿ ರಡು ಇುತೆನಷ್ಗರ್ಮಾತರ್ಡಾ್‌ ಗ ಜಸ ಕ್‌ ಯೂ ಸ-ನ್ಲುರಾಳಾ ಪ ॥ಿ ನಲದು ನಷ ಸಹನ್ತ್ಸು ಇರ್ತ ಇ ಘರಾಾಸರಿರ್ಪವ ರಾ ಸ ಬು ವರಲ್ಲಿ ಇಳು ತ ಶಿರ 1 ಆುಪ್ಲಲಹರಷ ನ ಇರೊಸ್ಸಿಡ್‌ಸು ರತಡದಾ೩ೂಾಾ ೫.೬ ಇಮುಲರೂಡರ್ಪಾಸಇಡ ಸ ದಾದಿ ಸರ್‌ ತಬು ಜು ಕ ಇರಕೂಡದು 11 ಜ್ಯ ಸುರಿದ ರುರರ್ಯುರ್ಥಾ್‌ ಉರ್ಯಾಔವರ್ಪರರರ್ವ ತೆ ವಿದ್ಯಾ ಯು] “ತ್ನ ಸಾ ್ಪ್ಭ ಅ. ಜ್ರ ತ ಕ 4 ಸ ಖ್ಲ ತ ಬ ಖರ ತ ರಮ ಇ ಇ ಧ್ರ ಜು ಇಸಿ ನರಸರುಯಿದಷ್ಟುೂ ಸಾ "ಪರಿಷ ಇದ ಆರುಷ್ಟೇಗಲ್ಟು ಅರಾಯ-ವ- ರುತ ಸ್‌ ['ಕೃಮಜನ ತ ಲ್ನ ಗೆ... ಈ ಠ್ಗ್ಲ ಆವಿರಸರಾನದುತೆ ಇಕಾ ಇಜ್ರರಾವರ ಆ (ರಾರಾಸಸ್ಣ ಘು ಸಾರಾ ಬಿಮಾ ಇಷ್ಟೊಂತೊ ರಯರರಾಗತ' ಕ. ೦ ಛ್ತಾ ನಾನಕ ಕಾದರು ವ್‌ ಫಿರಿ, ಅ ಆಜಾ ಜ್‌ ಬ ಹಣ \| ಸಾ ಗದ್ದ ತ ಕ್‌ ಸ ಬ ಳು “ರುಗಾಸಾ ಸಸರ ವಜ ಸವಡಿ ಹಿರಾರಯ-ವದನ ಮು ಇ. ಸ್‌ಶ್ರವರರವ3 ಉರ ಗಾತ ಪ ಉಷ. ಶಾ `ಪ್ಕಿರದರಗವ 195 ಕಾ ಉದಯ ಶಿಕ ಶ್ಲ ೩ ರಾನೆ ದದ ಹ್ಯಾ ಜಾ ಬ ಅರರ ಇರ್ತರ್ಕ್ಯುಾನ್‌ ಇರಸರಷೂ 6 " ಎ ಚ ಜ್ರ ಲು ತ ನ “ಣ್‌ “ದ್ಯಾ ಉರವ "ಆತಾ ಸ ಜು ಷಿ ಆನ್ನ ಜು ಹೂ ಟಾ ಸ ಜ್ಯೂ ನುತಧ್ದಾರರರಾು ಕ `ೌತಹರವಾಇರರಾರಡ ಆರಾ ತಿಯಾ ವ್‌ಮುತ್ರಾಸಾರಿರಾಸಾರ್ರಾಸರವ ದಡ ಭಮುತ್ತ ಇಳ ಹಾ ವಾರ ಾತೆ' ಕ (1 ಸ್ಸ] 1 ನ ಸಃ \| ಗ್ರ ( ಊ್ಗ ೪ ಸ “ಛು ಗೆ ರರ್ಜ-ತಾಃ ದವಯ ಇದಾ ಜಾ ಕ್‌ "ನಿ ಲರ್‌ರಸತ ೊಸಹುಸ್ತಷ ತ ಎರಾ ಜುಟರಾಡಾ ರ: ಚಾ ಇ ಜೂ 1 ಕರು ಇ್ಯಾಜಸಾರ್ಭೀಯ್‌ ಜ್ರೀ ಬ ಭ್‌ ಲು” ಜಲ -ನ್ನಇತ್ರಾ ಳ್ಳ್ಫು` ನಾಸ ಲರ್‌ ಛ್ರ ರ್ಯಾ ಜ “ವರ್ಯ -ಸಾರ್ಜಾಸ್ಗ ಚಟ ಇರಾ ಅರವ ಆ ಆಯು, ಚ್‌ ೫ ಸ್ರೀ ರಿಯಿಲ ಇರರ“ ಇಸ್‌ ವರಣ ನಲಕಕ ಮಜಾ ಆರ್‌ನಲ್ಲ್ಲ ಇವೆಲ್ಲಾ ಮಯಂ ರ್ಸ್‌ ರಾಂ ಆ ಆಸಿ7ದ್ದು ರ್‌ ಅಜ ಚ್‌ ಇಲ್ಲ್ಯು ದರ್ಪಣ ಜ್‌ ಎ ಭಾ ೊೂ £ಾಾರರ್ಮ್ಗರ್ವ॥ ಎದು ಸಸಿ ಚಾ ಬ ನಾರಾಯ ಎಸಿ ಕ ಜ್‌ ಜತ ಬ ಚ ಚಾ ಓಸಿ ಡೆ ನ ದಾ ಕ ದ್ರ ಬು ಇಹ್‌ಷ ಆರರ ಪ್ರಾ ರುಲದುರಯುನಿನರ್ವಾ್‌್‌, 1 ತ್ನು ರನರವರಿ ಆಯಾ ಲಳುಲ್ಲ ಬರದು ಬ್ಯ ಆ ಪ್ರ ಜಾ ಉ ಇದಿ ಹ್‌ ಇರಾಷ”ವು ಆಜಿ ರರ ಚ್‌ ಗರ ಪ್ರಾಮಿನಾ4 ಬುಲಂಮಿಂವ ಯೇ ಓದ ರಷ ಲಿ ಆತ್ರ ಬ ಇಳಿ ಜಾ ಜು ಭ್‌ ಜ್‌! 5 ಸಸಾನ್ಮರದದ್ಲಿ ರ್ನ ರ್ರ್‌ ಜಾ ಿ \| ನ್ನು ಇ -ಎ್‌4ತ” ಈ ಭಾ-ದುಳ್ಳು ಇ! (೯ ಇಲಿ ಎಗರಿ -ಎ ಇ ಐಸಿರದ ಸಕ್ಕ ನ ನರರ ನಾ ೮೬೧4 ನಃ ಬ ಸ ಕ್ರ ಡು 'ಾರರಾಜಾ 2 ರಿದಮ್‌ ಇ ಮುತ್ತು [೦ರ್ಮಾಜ-ಇರ ಹಾ ಜ್‌ ಊ 55 ರ್ಯ ಗರು ಮಃ ಣಿ ಇ (ದ್ರು ಇ! ಧ್ನ ಜೆ ಇರ್‌ ೧೫, ಜೆ ಲ್‌ ಉತ್ರಾಂ ಆಲಾ ಇಸ ರರನು ದ್ದು ಸ ಇರ ಧಾ ್‌ ಜಾರ ಬದಿಯ ಎಇಂರುಫಾಸ ನರಷರಿಷ್ಟು ಇ ತ್ತ ೫2 ಜಾ ಮಡಿ ಆ ಹ ಎ 8 ಕು ವ್ರ್ಮೌ ರಹಸ ಹು ರೀಂಯುರ್ಥನರಿ ಉರ್ವಸಷಲು- ಬ್‌ ಲರ ರಾನಾ ಇು್‌ ಳ್ಳ ಆರ್‌ರ್ಯರ ಬ್‌ ಒದ ಬ ಟ್‌ ಜರಾ ಜಾರ ಚ ಬ ಯೀ ಇರ್‌ ಸ ಉರ್ವಿಪದೊಲರ ಕಾ ಸರಾ ತ ಸಸ ಸ “ದ್‌ ಆರ್ಮ್‌ 1 ಸಾ ಅಸ್ಸ ಇ ಗ್‌ ಜಟೆ ಷ್ಠ “ದ ತಾಕಾ “ಇಕ್‌ಇಸಿಇ ಇಸಾ ಗನ £ ರ್ಮತ್ತು ರಕ್ಷಣ \| ಬಾರಾ. ಇವಿ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಇರದು ನೀರಾದ ಒಎರು ೭ ಅರ್ಣಾದಾಹಾ ಲಷ ಲರು ಸಾ ಜರ್‌ ಸೆ ಇರರ್‌ಹು ಷು ದ್‌್‌ ಇ ಜಾ ಜಾ ಜರಿ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಇ ಯಾ ತ 7 ಲ್ಮಾ ್ಥ ಕ ಗ್‌ ಜೂ; ಬ ಕ್‌ ಒಮ ಸ ಕ 1" ದ್ರು ಡ್ಯ ಹಾ ತ ದ ಸ ರ ಮಿರಾಜ್‌ ಲು4 ಇವಾ ಇ ಜ್‌ ಧರ್‌ ಕಾ ಇಚ ಭ್ರ್ಸ ಳೆ ಗ ಧಾ ಕಾ ಹಾ! ಇ ಕ್ರ ಡಾ ದಿಸಾ ಸ್ಮರಾಾಾ ವಷ್ಯ ಆರ್ಯಮ ತ್ಯ ಜಾ ಯ ಜೆ ನ್ಯ 1 ಮ ಜಾ ರ ಅ ್ಲು ಪತ್ತ ಮ ಹಾ ವ್‌ ಜಾ ೧ಡಿ; ಮಾತಿ ಯ್‌ ದಷ್ಟು ಜ್‌ ಹರಾ ಮ ಜ್‌ ಹಾ ಆ ಬ ಬ ಟ್‌ ಬಾಲದ ಆ ಆದ ನ ನನ್ಯ ಜು "ಸಾಸಿರ ರಾನಿಇಾಗಿ “ು ಅವ್ರ ಇರ ಸಜಾ ಕೇದ ಇರವರಾಾಯೂ ರಾಯ ಆದು ಲುರದದವರಿ ೬ ಯ ಜಿ ಜಿ ಜು “ಡ್‌ ಸಾ ಪರರ ಜ್‌ ಸಾ ಈರ್ಸ್ಸರ್‌ಹ ತ ಎರಡ ರಾ ತು ಮಾಯಾ `ಲವ್‌ ಡೆ ಸ ಇ ಟಿ . ಮುಚ್ಚು “ರಷ್‌ ಜ ಹ ಜಾ ಸಿರ ಬಂ “ಷೊ: ಯು ಯು ಇ” ಸಾ ಜ್‌ ಇಳ್ರೂ ಇಷ ಈ ರರರವತಿ ಚ ಢಾ ಇದದ ಕ್ಕಿ ಆಮು ತರಲಿ ಇಷ್ಟದ “ಜರ ಹ್ಯರ್ಯಿರ್ವಾಸ. ಲಾರ್‌” ಜಾ ವ ಲ್ರ ಛ್ರು ಆಷ್ಟ ಗನಲರ ಆ ನದ ದರ್ದು] ಎಂ ಯುದ್ಧವ ಮ್ಯಾ ರರ; ರತ ಆವದು ರುಡ ಇವ್ಯವಿದೆ-ದಾ ಇರು ದರದ ರಿಇ ಧ್ಯಾಜ್‌ ನಃ ಕ ಇಾವಭ್ಯದದಿ ಜಾವುರಾಷ್‌ "ದರ್ತಾರಳ ಲಾ ಇ ರವ ರಾಸ ಜನರ್ಯಾ್‌ `ಕ್ಚಇಷ್ಯವ ಎ ಸ ನ ಎಂ ಬಂ ' ನ ಯು ಇ ಸ್ಟಾ ಟ್ರ 4 ಕ ತ ರ್ಮತರ್ಯಾರರನಿಇುರಾಣಾಯಾಸಾರಡಿ ಇ ವ 4 ಸ ಮೀರದ ಮರನ ಪಡ ಅಾರವರಾರದಷಾಾ ಸಾ ಲರ ಯಿಣ್ಸುರರು ಒದು ಎಡ್‌. ಶಿಂ್ಫ ಸ! ರಾಧ್ಯ ಕ ೨ ೩ ಕ್ಮ ನ್ಮ ತ್ಕ ತ " ಲ್ರಿ ಸ ಗ ಹಾ ಬಾ ಆರು ಆಣ ಪ ಸಸ್ಯ ಷ್‌ ಆಕರ್ಣ ರ ಇ ನ್‌ 'ಇಸಿ ಲಮ ಲಾರಾ 8೬ ಶೇವ್‌ ಒಆ, ಹ ನ್ಮ ಇರುದುಲ್ಯ ತಿ ೩ ಜಸ? ಸ ಜು ಎಚ ಎ ಬ ೋಉಉ1್ಳಛ್ಭ ಇಷಾ ಜ್ನ ರ್‌ಕಸರಾಸಯ್ಯಾಇ್ಶ ರಾಜರ ಸ ಸಾಪ ಚಾ ವ \| ಇಷ್ಟು 'ದ್‌ತರ್ಣಾತಾಣೆ ಇದು ತಾ ಗಾ ಛಃ ಡರು ಲಾ ಭತ ನಷ ರ್‌ಂ ಸ ೦ದಾರಾರಾಾವರ್ಕ ಕ ನ್ಟ ಇಳು ಇಲ -ಡಾರ್ಯಾವ ನಲಿದ ರ್ಷದ ಮ್‌ಹರಾಸನೊ ಸ ಷ್‌ ಜು ಷ್‌ ವ ಎರ್‌ ಜಸ್ಟ ನಳ್ಳ್ಗರರದಡಾ” 3 ಕ ಆದುದ ಜಿ ಆಂ೧ಇಂರ್ಯೋರ್ಸಾವ್‌ ಕಂಸ ಮ ` ಉದದ \| ಡು ಇರಿ ರರ ಬರ” ಸಂಸೂಡ ಆದ್ದ ಜಾ 5 ಸಲ್ಲ. ನೃ ಬ ಡಿ ಬತತ 7 ಎ ( ವ್ವ ಕ ಬ್‌ ಕ್ಕ ರಸ್ತ ವಾರದ ಇರಿಕರು ನಿವ ಆಧಿ ಬು ಇ.್ಬ ಆರರ “ಹುಮ್‌ ಬೀ ಲರ್ಮತ್‌್‌ನೆೊಇಾಇರಷ್ನಾ ಇದರಗ ಆಷಲವನೊ ಎಮದ್ರೆಂಡ ರಾರರ್ತಷಾರದತೆ ಜಗ ಇಟ 4 ನಜಾಸಸಾಸಸಷ ಹ ನಂದ ದ್ರೆ ಇಳಾಸರ್ತಿಷ್ರಾಸಾತಿ ಹ ಎ ಯೆ ತಿರ್ಕಿರ್ಯಿದ್‌ ನರಿ ಆಳಾ ರಿಯ ಇರಲ ದಿರಾವ್‌6ಕ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇತ್ತ ಇಡ ಇಂರವ್‌ಡರರರಾಡೆ ಷಲ್ಯೂರ್‌ಹ್‌ಯಿ ಎನೂ ನರಿ ವ್‌ ಟಪಾ ಧ್ರ ತೆ ಸ್ಟ್‌ಸ್ರೌಷಸತಳ್ಳಅವ್‌ ಇರಾನ್‌ ಆಸ್‌ ಸಸ್ಯ್ರಣಕೆನಾಲಾರಷಿ೨ ಟೆ ಪತಾ ದ್‌ ನರಾಾಸುತ್‌ತರದ' ೫ಸ್ಟ್ಯ್‌ ಬರ್ಕಿನಾ ಬ ಕು ಟು ಟಾ ದಿಲಿ ಶ್ಲ ಸ್ಕ್ಯಾನರ್‌ ಯಾ ಕ್ರ ಸ್ಯ, ರ್‌ ನ ಇ ಸಸಿ ಸು ಸ ಸಾಫ್ಟ ಷರಾನೆ ಜವಾರಾಲ ಕಿನಾಾಸಯ ರಫ್‌ ಕ್‌ ಸಿ ಕ ಲ ತಾ ತಾ ು ತಿಂ ಬಡ ಕಾಕಾ 16 ಆಡ ಸ್‌ ದ್ರಾ (ಪೂರಾ ಇರಗದರಾಕ್‌ಫ್ರ್‌್‌ \| ಕ ಹೇ] ೆ ಸ ಬಬಾಷ್ಸ್‌ ಬರಾ ಬಕನ ಸಂತ [ಸರ್ತಾರಯಇದೋಗವ ಲ್ಲಾ ಸೆ ಇತ ಭೂ ಸ ಅತ್ರಿ ಹಾಕಾ ರಾಸ ಕಟ್ಟ ಇೃತಾಯ್‌ಯ್ಯ-್ಟಾ ಇಮ್ಮ ಇರಲ್ದಥೆ ಕ ಡಾ ಕ್‌ ಭಾರಂ“ ತಸ ಇರಾ “ಸಮಾಜಾ ಹ್ಯಾ ಕ ರ್ಯಾ ಬಗದಷು ಉರ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಆಸ್‌ ಇಘ “ರಾ ಆತ್‌ ಜ್‌ ತೆ 2 ಗೆ ನ್‌್‌ ರ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಸ ಒಡು ಇತ. ಸ್ರ ಡೈ ಡಿ ಕ ಕ್ಯಾ ಅನ ಕಾಸೂ ತಾ ಬ ಬಬ ಏರ ಎದ! ಈ ಆರ್ಮ್‌ ಹಿ ನಾ ಇಯ ಉತ್ರ (ಹರಾಜಗವವಿವಿ ಇರ ಹಂತದ ಇದಾ ನೈಲಸಿರಾಸ್ಕು ಡ್ಡ ದ ಶ್ರಾಂಸಗಾ ಬನವ! ಯಿ ರಭಸ ರಾರ್ಜ್ಯಾಷಲಿಕರ್ಲಾರವದಿತ" ನ ಇವ್ರ ಕಾಲ “ನಃ ರ್ಜ ಗ ಜಾ ಇಇ ಎರು ಸಡಾ ವಷ್‌ ರ ರಾರರತದ ಇ ಇರಸರ್ಜಾದಾನ, ಜಾ ಕಸ ಇಗಷಾನು ವಡಿ ಅರಸನ ಅರಿಷ್ಷಾರಾಸರಿ-ತ' ರಾ ಒಂ ಬಂ 1 ಇನು ಲ್‌ೆ ಲು ದ್ಯ ಬಿ ಬು ಯುರ ವ್ಯಾ ತ ` ತ ತಟ] ಎ ಗ ಉಫ್‌ ಲ್ಲಾ ಚಾ ಜೆ ಕಜಾಬ್ಯ ಇ ಕ್ಗಡು ಲ್ಯಾನ್ಸ್‌ ಗಾಲ? ದು “ದಿ ಕ್‌ ಟು ಬುಡಿ ಉ ಂಲ'ಎು ಮ್ಮ ಟಾ ತ್ರ ವಿದ್‌ ಬ್ರೂ” ಅಾಪಿ ಇದು ಸ ತ್ರ ಮಜ ತ ಷ್ಟವ ತತ ವಿಪ ಪ್ರ 1. ಡೆ ಕ ಕ (ತ್ರ ತ ರಾ ರೂಸಾರಿ ಕಾಲರಿನ್ನಿ ಬರಿ ಆರರ ವವ್‌ಇ್‌ಸ/ ಇ ಐ ಬಂದಿ ಇಸಸಿ-ಯು ಕ್ರೀ ವಡ ಬ “ರಾಗಾ ರಿ ಇಜಾರದ ಸ ಹ (೫. ಗೆ ಡಿ ಹ್ಯಾ ಜೆ ಗರ ಚ್‌ ಷರಿದ ಲ ಎ 22 ಲ್ಭ ಓಸಿ ಯಯ ಡು ಎವಿ ಇದದಲ ಇ ಸ್ಕಾ “ಣು ಮುಂ ಸ್ರ ಜಿ ಇ ಇ“ ್ರ ದ್‌ ಆಡ ಮ್‌ ' ಕ ಶಿ ಹ “ಷರಾ ಜ್‌ ಇ ಇ್ಯಾ್‌ಾಲ ವ ನ ಆ&ಿ” ನ ್‌` ಇಂ ಇ ಸಾ ಭಾರಾಲರವ್‌ ಇ “\| ಹ ಮನಿ ಇ ಜಾಶ ಜಟ ಫ್ಲಿಡಳಿ ಇ್ಲಗಯೂಾಸಿ “ರಜಾರೆ ಫಷ ಜರಾ” ಸಾತಿ ಮೋರ್ಸಸರ ಳಗ ದ್‌ ಜಂ ಎಎರ್ಕಿಸ-ತ್ತ ಇರಾ ಉರ್ಮರುರ್ಸಾದ್‌ಹ್‌-ರಾವ್‌ಸರು ತ್ಯ ಮಾ ದ್ರಾ ಹ ಜ) ಜ್‌ ಎನ-ರಸಾಸಾ ಸರಾ “ರೇ 6ಇರ ಜಾರಕಿ, ಆರಾರು ಸಧ್ರಸರಾರಾತಣು ನ್‌ ಸು ಜಾ ಐದಡಿ ಸಿ ದಾಯ ಆರಿಇರಗರ್‌ರಿ ದಾ ರ್ದ ಶೃ ನ ಟು \| ಷಾ \| ಕ ಜೈ ಆಷ್‌ಕ್‌ಇ್ಯಗರಗಗ ಜರದ ಲರ್ವಾಸ್‌ನ ಜಾಗರ ಇ-ರಜಿಣಾ ಸಸ ಭ್ಯ್‌್‌ಸಇ್ಗ “ಗ್‌ರರೌೌ ಹಭ್ಯ-ಷಿಸ್ಠಾಸು ಯೂ ಏ3ೌ ರಾಟಿ ಕಾ ಎ ಫ್ಲಷ್ಣರ್ಥಾಾ ಜಸ ಥಾ ಗ್‌ ಸಿ ನ್ಮ ಇ ₹ ಭಾರ ೬ “್ಯಪಾ- ಚು ಆಂ 2 ಪಜ ಜ್ಯಾ ಹ ತಿಸಸ್ನ ಶ್ರಾ-ರತಾಸ್‌ಇಲರಷೇ ತ” ಇಇ ಇೃ-ದ್ರ್‌್ಟ್ರಾಂನೂ ಆಸಾಳ್ಯತ್ತು ಬ್‌ ಬಷ್‌ಹರಗ್‌ಹಡಿ ಕ್ಲಾಂಸಿಂ ಕಟ್ಟ ಹ ೪೯೬.1 ೮. ಇಡ್ಗ್ಗದಭ್ಯ, ಸ ರ್ಪಾಸ-ವಔರರ-ಸೋಇರ್ಯಾಷೂ ಇವಾಗ. ನ ಇಲಿ ವ್ಯಾಸ ರಾಜೂ ಗ. ೩ 1 ರಡಿ ದರಿ ಇಡಾಬಣ್ಣ ಆನಿ ಜಕರ ಸರ್ಕ ಇರಾ ಗುಂಪ ರ್ಯಾ“ ಇ್ಯಾರ್ಕತ ಇಾಇರಷುರ ಅರಾ-ರಾಡಿ ಒದು ಆಾ್‌ರ್‌ನ/ ಆಾಸರಾರ್ಷಾರಾಸೊಟೋರ್ಟತ ಏಂ-ಷ್ಗಸೆ್ಶ ಇಂ ೬-ರು-ಸಗಷ್‌ಕ್‌ತ ಆಾಹ್‌ದ ರರ್ಟವ್‌ಸರೀಲಿಸವದ4” ಇ ಟಾ ಶಾ ತ್‌್‌“ ಇ-ರೂ ಎಜು ರದ“ ಇನ ಎ ಬಬ ಇ 7ರ ಆರಾ್‌್‌ : ವಸ್‌ ಕಾಇ ಡರನವಗವ6ಸ ಇದದರ ಇ ಎ, ಜಗದ್‌ ಇ ವವರ ಇಗತರ್ವ ಇರವ ಇರವ” ಆ ಇಸಿ-ಷಾಳಾಾಲಾ ಶರರ ಉಜಿರೆ ಕಾರಾರ್‌“ ಷು ಇ ಡಾ ಆನಸವ್‌ಐಗನಯ ಇ ಳು ಜಾಷ ರ್ರ ತು ಜರಾಯು ಇಸ್‌” ಯ "ಚ ಆಡ ಜಾಯ್‌ತ್‌, ಇ ಇರಾರದಳಿ ಇರಿವ ಇಸ್‌ ಹ ವಸಿ ಇ ಷ್‌ ರರ್ಜ್ವಗಾರರಾಾ ಇರಾರ್ಥ್ಯಾರಾನಾ್‌ $ ರಾ” ಬರ ಇನಉಯ ಮುಸಲುರ್ಕಾಾ ದ! ಆಜಾ ಇತ ದಿತಿ ರಾ ` ನಿಷಾಸಾ ಆಯ್ಯ್ಯಷಾ ಅಾಷದಸದಹೊಾ ವ್ರ. ವ್ರ ಇಸ್ರಾ ವ (ನಿಸ ಬ್‌ ಸಾರಾ “ರ್ಯ . “ನ್‌ಥ್‌' ತಿತರ ತ್ತು ಇ ಇಷ್ತು ಇ ಪಸ್ಟ್‌ ನರರಷಾ ಜ್ಯ ಇಇಂಣ ಉದರ ಇ ಒದಿದ ನಡು ತಾ ತ್ರ ಕರ್‌ ಆ ಜ್‌ ಚಕ ಸಬ ಇವತುತ ಇಎಸಿಇರತದಾರಿ ಜ್ನ ಆರಾ ಬರಾ ಡಿ ಫ್ರಣಥಗು, ಇರ್ತ ವಿ ಇ ಗೊ ಗರ್‌ ರ-ಕಷಃ ಳ ದಾ ಇಡು ಳ್ಧ ಹಣ ಆತು ಬಾರ ಜಿ ಎನ್ನದ ಕ ಬಾಸು ರುಗು ಸು ಲತ ಭಾತುವಚಾಜ ಆನತ” ತಿನ್ನ ಈಾಷ್ಟಂರ್ವವಾಇ ಬಹು] 1 0 ವತ್ಯ್‌ಹೇಯ ಸತಾ ತ ಇ್ಕಾ ನಿ. ಇವತ್‌ ನಡಿ ರಾವ ತ್‌, ಜಾ ಇಕಾಬಗಾಂಗರಜಗ್‌ಐಾ ಇಂಕು ಜಾಸರಿೌವರಾಾಃ ಜೋ ವಕ ಜುಜರವರು ಹತಾ ಮಾಗು ಸ್ಲರರ್ಯಡಿನವಾಂ ನದು ಮು ಸ ಪ್ರಿಸರ ಅರರ “ರಾಸ ಸವ ಇರರ ರ್ಯ ಗು ಇಲ್ಲು ವ ರ್ಯಾನರ-ಸದಇಇರಾಸ್‌ ಆರ್‌ ಸಸಾರ ಸ್ಯ-ದ್ದ ಟಾ ನ ವರಾ ನ ಇಷ ಬಾ . \| ರಾಮರಾಜ ನೀಮೊಫಾರಶ್ಯ್ಗಿಷೆ-ನೇ-ದರ ಇ ಇತಾರಾಸ ಯು 2 ಇಯ ಡಿ ಎರ್‌ “ಜು ಇಟಲಲ ಉರ್ವ ಶೈ್ಯ-ಹ್‌ನರಿ ಸಷ ಆರತ ಕ್‌ ನಾರು ತಾರಾ ವಂರದ್ರಿ] ಕ 1 ಬ ಇ ಬಸ್ರಕ್ಯಗಾ ಇಸ ನಾ, ಭ್‌ ರಾತ್‌ ಇರರ ಕ ಕ್ಕಿ ತ ತ್ರಿಧಾ ಲಿ ದರಿ “ವರನ ಇ ಬುವಿ ಉಷ ಕಾಡ್‌ - ಇಹ್‌ಧ್ಯ ಎರು ಇರವ ಗಾಸಿ ಜಾದ್‌ನೇಲರಾಲ ಮಸದ, 'ಷರರರ್‌ಷಾ ರಾ ಐದೆ 5ರಿ್ನಿ” ರ್‌ ಸೋ್ಯೋಲ್ಗಡ ಇನ ವರ್‌ ಆ ಆ ಇರಾ ವರಾ ಇಸು ಇಂಧ್ಟೆಸಸಲಾಯ ನರಷ7್ಟು ವ “ಆಣ ಯಾ "ದಿಂಯಯ ಶಿ ಏಡು ಆದ ಇದನ್ನು ರರಾತಡಾ ತ್ರದ ಎಂಬಿ ಇಇ ಎರರ್ಡ್ದ ಇಾಸಲ್ರವೆ (ಲ ತ ರ್ಸ್‌ಡೇ್ಲ “ರಂದು ಭೂಸರಾನನ ಮ ಸಾಸ ಎಳು; ನ ಇರಿದ ಇರುಾ ಬಾ ವಸ ಂರಾರಇವೂ ಮಾ ಸಿದರೆ ಸಿತಿಾಬಿಲ್ಲಾ ಪ್‌ ರಾಸ ದಾ ಹಿ ದಿ ಇರಿಇ ಇರ್‌ ಜ.೬ ನೆ ಬ 0 ಟ[ ಜಾ ಗಜ ಜೆ ಸ್ಯಾ ಎ ಗ ಸ ಯುರ ವು ಸ್ತ “ಮುರು ಇ೪ಮಿಿಎರೋಬಿಸ ರರ ನ್ನ ಭ್ಯ ದಾತ ಸದರಿ ಯರವ “ಇರ ನಾ ಟಿ ಎರರಸರಸರ-ತೆಸವು ಗ ತ್ಹ ಪ್‌ \| 1 “ಮಾತ ಡಬ ಹಾ ರಾಸ ದನಿ "ನೈಂಇರರ-ದ್‌6, ಆರಿ ಗಜ ದರ್ಭಾಾರತಾಸು ಚ ಯು ಬೂ ಫ್‌ ಅ ಧು ಉತ ಸ್‌ ಯುರ ಇ ಇರಾಸ್‌ಷ್ಯ್ಯೇಡಿತ ಇರಿ ್ಕ್ಕ್‌ ಷರತ್ಥಿ-ಗೇಪ್ರಸರ್ತರಾದಸರ್ಭ್ಧಾಡಕ್ಕಣ 6 ಓ. ವಾಗ ಈ ಡು ಸದಿ -ರರಾದಿ ಲಲನ ಆರ-ಡ್‌ಹಾ. ಥೆ ವಾಯ ಎರ್ಡ್‌ ಸ್ಸ ಡಿಸ ದಸ 6 ವಾ-ಂತಾಸರಿ ಮುರ ಹ್‌ ರಣ್ಯಸನಾಗಡಸಿ ಬಾ ಕ್ರಾ ಡಾ ಆ ಳ್ಳ 1 ಖೆ ್ಷ 1" ಇ € ಎಡಿ ಕಿ ಎ ಆಮಿ. ಸು ಇವಿಧಾಾಕಾರರಃ “ರರ ್‌್‌ ಚ “ವಂರ್ಜರ್ಶ್ಯ್‌್‌ ಳ್ಳ ರಥ “ತಗತಹಇಾಸಡ್ಟಾ ಇ ಗನ್‌ ಪರಾ ಲಿಯ ಕ್ಯು ಡ್ನ “ಿತ್ಯನನಿ ಇಡಪ್‌ಇ್‌ಮರಾಸ್‌ ಆ ಪಾ ಜಾರಚ ಎ ್ಪ ಬ ನ ರಾಾಸರಸರ್ಮರ ಹ ಆದರಾದ್‌ನರಿ, ರ ನ “ಕಿ ಕಾಸ ಾಯೊೊೊ ಸಳ ಗಾ ಸಾ ಕ್ಕ ಹ ಜ್‌ ಅರಿ ದ್‌ ನ ಇ ಡೆ ತಾ ತಷ್ಟ ಸ-ಧ್ದರ ಇ ಆತಹರ್ಸು ರವ ಸರ್ಣ್ಯರ್ಯಾ್‌ ಯು ಆರತ 1 ರಿರಾರಾವಪ್ನಣನ ಕು ಎ. -ರರರಾ-ತೆಷ ಸೀದಾ ದರ್ಷಡವ ಸರಾ “ಡಫ ಹಾ ಮ್ಮ ಯರರಾರಾಸಾಡ ಕೆ ಜತ ಇರ್ಣ್ಯಕನಡ, [ ಹ ಫ್‌ ಲ ದರ್‌ ಜು ಪ್ವಾಕ್ತೆ ನರಾ ಡಾ ಸಾವಲ್ಲ ರ್‌ ಇರಾತ್ಯರ್ಜಾ ಮಾರಾ ಓಟ ಯ ಇಡಿಸರಸವ್ಕ -ಸಲ್ಯೂ ನರರ ಸಂಸಿ ರರ್‌ನರಿಯಂಸು ತತ ಆಡ್ತ ಂರಾವಿ-ಸಾದು ಬಯಸ ಭಟ ರ ಇತ್ತೆ [ ಜ್‌ ಇಸ ಸ್ಫೋಟ ಬವ ವ ಸ್‌ (ರ್ಯಾರ್ಗಾತ ೧ಜಿ ರಾಮು ರ ಜಿ ಲ್ಸ ಸ? ತಾಜ್‌ ಇ ಕಾ ಜ್‌ ರ್‌ ತೆ ಸರ್ಫ್‌ ದ್‌ ಇರಜಂತೂ ಇಡು ಟ್ರಕಾಾ ಇಂಗ) ಸವ್‌ ರಕ್‌ವಾಕಾ ಬು ಬ ಭಾಸ ಸಹಕ? ಇ್ಲಂ್ರ ಸಃ ಇರು ಸ ನ ರ್‌ಜಿ ಶ್‌ “ದ್‌್‌ 11 ಹ ಸ್‌ ತ್ಯ \| ಮೈ ಬತ್ತ ದ್ರ ಜಾವಗಡು ಚು ಜೀ 2 “140 ಟುಟ ಚ 4 ರಷ ರಾಣ ಅವಸಷ್‌ನರರುೂ ರ್ಕ್ಯುಹಮು ಸಾತ ಹುಂ ಖಿ ಷ್ಟ ದಿ ಆಜಿ \| ದದ್‌ ಬ ಸ್‌” ಲು ಗ ಎ ಹ ರ್‌” ರ ಧರ್ಯ ವ್‌ ಸು ಜ್‌ ಭು ಬ ್ಯ್ಪ ಸ ಜ \| \|] ಸಾ ಜು ಬಸ್‌್‌ ರ್ಯರುರ್ಥ್ವ್‌ರ್ಗರ ಔಷ ಆವು ಐನರಾವಿಾ ಜಆಡೆಹಡ್ತಾ ಸನದ ಇ] ಮುವಇು ರು ಉಲ ನ “ರ್‌ು ಪಿ ರರ್ಜಾಂ ನ ಎ ಹಿ 4೬೨5 ನಯುರದತ್‌ ಇ ಇರಾ ಾ್‌್‌ಾ ಜಿ ಜಾಂಧ` “ಇಡಿ ಇಲಾಣ್ರ ಾ್‌್‌್‌ಾ ಹ ಸಾರವಾದ ಪಗ ಸುಷ್ಣಸರನ ವರನ ಆ -ಮುವರಪೂ ಾರಂಇಾಯಿ ಜರುರಗನ ಯೇಲ ಬ ಲ ಎ ವು ಮಾಜಿ ಆ ತು ಇ ದರ್ಯಾ ಶಂ ಲರ್‌ ಜರಾ ರಾಹಾ ಸಿಷ್ತೇಬುರ್ಕಿಯ 4 ಸರ ಅ್‌ಸರಾ ಇರದೇ] ತ್ರ ಗ್ಯಾಸ್‌ ರಜರಾಗದ- ಇಇವರೀಅರ್ಡಾಷ್‌ಹ್‌ ಡ್‌ ರ್ಯರ್ಯರಯ ಇ ಡಾ “ರಾತಿ ಷುಣ್ಯೂಾರವ ಜಲ್ಲಿ ಜಿ ೯ವಾಸಾರ-ಷ ಇತಿ ಅಸಾಸ-ಪರ್ಯಾಧ ಇಡರ್ಕಯಾ ಟಾ ಯು ಖು ( 'ಕರ್ಯಾನಾಾ ಗಃ ಜ್ನ ಸ್ಯಾ ರಡರಿತ ಡಿ ಚುಡಾ ಇ ಬರನಶಿಸಾರ್‌ ತಹ ಎತ ದ್‌: ಟ್ರಾ ಪರವರ” ಸುರಾ ್ರ ರಂ ಎದರು ಳಾರು ಒಡ ಸಿದನು. ಯಾ ಗಾಹಿ ಬು ಜಾಮಾ ಟು ಸ್‌ ಜಾ ಳ್ಳ ಎ ಳಾ ಲ ಉರ್‌ ಎ ನ್ಲಿಡಲ. ತಜಕಂ೫-ವಔವು ರರ್ಸಾರ-ವಾ ಬರಾಕ ಆರರ ಸವ ಆರರ ಡ್ರಾ ಇಶಾ ಷು ಕುಂ ಭಾತಿ ಸ ಗ್‌ ಸ ಕ ಜ್ಯ ಆದಕಾರೆಷನಾ ಸ್ಟರ್ಥ್ಯಾಾ ಇಡು ಆ ುರ್ವಾಯಾ ಮಲ ಜು! ಎ--ತಾನಕನಡ ಉಮರಜ ಸ್‌ ದಿತಿ ಎರದರ ರದ ಇಂದಾ ಮಿ ಷ್‌ ದುಷ್ಟ್‌ ದ್‌ ತಡಕಾಟ ಅುನಾಜಾಾ್‌ ಇಸಗಂಸಾತತ್‌ಡೆ ತ್‌್‌ ೧ ಇರಕೂಸ್ಗೆದ ಪ್‌ಡ್‌ತ್ಯ್‌ ೬ರ್‌ಸಡೊೋಸ ಜದ 4ಆಸೀರಾಷ್ಕ್‌ಸೈ ಆದರ್ಯಾರಯಾ ಇ್ವಾಸಇರ್ಲಯ್‌ಕರಿ ರಾರಾ ಆರ್ವಹಿನಾಣ್‌ ಹ ಬ ಯ ಲ [ವ ಆಡು ಇತಕಷ ಹ್‌ ನ್‌ ಬ್ರರ್ಜತ \| \| ' ಡಿ ಜ್‌ ಜು ಸರ್ಫೋಡ ಸಮುರಡಿಂಸೂಬಂತ್ಟ. ನರ್ಮಗಲರ್ಥ್ಕ್ಯಕಡಿ ಇರ್ಲಾಡ್‌ಪೀ ರಾಷ್‌ ಯು ರಕ ಉಲಾರಇತಸರಾರಬರಾಣ್‌ಗ ಬಾ ಜ್ಯಾ ೧ಡದ್‌ಆಲಾಗ್‌ಕಷೊಂತೆೊಲಷರಷ್ಟೇಶ”ದ್‌ ಇ ಇತೊೊ್ಳ ಸಪತ ಸರ್ತರ್‌ವಾಾರಾಜಾತ್‌ಲಾಇತ್ಟವ್‌ೆ \| ಸ ರುಸ ಇಟ ಗು \| ನ್‌್‌ ಊಟ] ಸ್ಯ ಎ ರ ಹ ಜಳ ಇ ಷ್‌ ನರರ ಕೌರ್ಟಾ-ಸ: ಸ್‌ ನಿರ್ಮೂಡರೀ ದ ಐ ಹ್‌ ್‌ೆ -ರಸರಷಿ ಎ ಬಜ ಚ ಅ ಜ್‌ ಇ -ರುರ್ವಯ್‌ಕೌಿಷಲ ರ್‌ ಹು ಒರ್‌್ದಂ ಸ್ಕಾ ಜಿರಕತತಿ ಇಯರ್ಸ್‌ ಸ್‌ \| ತೆ ಆ ) ಆ ರ್‌ ಭ್ರ ೬ ಆಸರಮರಡಲಿಲೆ ಕುವರಿ ಕಷ್ಣೇಂತುಂಡಗ 2 ಸಸ್ಮಿಯಿ-ದೆ ಗು. \| ಹಾ ಇತಿ ಕ್ಯಾನ ಎರಾ5 ಇರ್‌ ಇಸಾ“ ಹ ಇಸ್‌ ದ \| . ರಾಡ್‌ ರಾ ಜಾಗಾ ಇರು ರೂ! ಇರ್‌ ೪22 ಸಾರ ದಡ ಗ್‌ ಬು ಸ ಜಸ ನ್‌ ಅ ತತಾ ಇ ಜದ ಇಂ ಇ ಗನರಾರಾಾಗಗ ಆ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಶ್‌ ಸ್ಯ ಇತ್ರ ಪಸಕ: ಸ್ಯ ಬಾಜ ಛ್‌ ಇಸರಾಣಳ್ಳ್ಳ ತಸ್‌ ನ ಕ್ಯ ಚ ಕೆ ಸೆ ಸ ಗೊಂಡಿ ಶೂ ಜಿಪಿ ರಾಡ್‌ ಉಾರಾಣಷ ರ್‌ ನನದು ನ್‌್‌ ಇಸ್ಟ ಣದ ಶಿಕ ಇರಓಐದೆ ದೂ ಹಿದಿ ಗ ಇಲಾ ರದ ಸ "ಣ್‌ ಸಸಿನ ಫರ್‌ ಒು ಸ್ಯಾಂ ಇರವ ಇರಲಾರ ಜವಾಯ-ವೆ ಇ ಬರ್ದ್‌ಾರಾ-ರ್‌ಸ ಸರ ಯಿ-ಷನಾಣ್ಣು ರ್ಗ ಭಾ ನು ಬಾ ಜ್‌ ಬ ಸಾಾರರ್ವ್ಮಾ್‌ ಟ್‌ ಮಾ ಬಂ ಯಾ ಬಾರ್ಸಫ ಲ್ಸ ಅಚ ಜೀ ಎಗತಾಭಭಭಾತೀಗ ತಾ ಎ ದ 1 ಳ್‌ ನ್ಯ ದ ಇರ್‌ ಲ್‌ ಇಲ ಡಿಷ್‌ ವ್ರ ಎ ಲಸ ದಿ ಗತೆ ಹ! ತಾಸೆ ಗ ರ್ಜಾರ್‌ ಮ್ಮ ಭಾ ಇದು ದ ಬ ನ ರರ್ಟಕ್‌್‌ ಅತ್ರಿ ಲ್‌ಿ ಫ್ರಿ ತೆಸಿಇದ್ಯ ದ್ದ ಕ 2 ಳ್‌ -ಕಣರಾರಿಸ ರ್‌5ರರ ಧಾರಸ್‌ರಾುಬಣ ಈದ್‌ ಸರರಾಗಹರ್‌ೇ ತ ಉಲ ಜಾ ಗ. ಗೆ ತೆ, ಗ 1 ಬ ಟೆ ಗೆ ಎ ಭ್‌ ಜು ಸರಸರರ್ಜೀನರಾ ಇಸು ರರಡ್‌ಇರಿಷ್ಟೆ ಉಳ ರರರಿಷಾ ಡಿಗ್‌ ಒರರಾರರರರಾಬಾರರರಾ%್ಯಾ ಸ ಭ-ರ್ಟ್ನ ಸ್ಟ ತ್ಯಜ ಸ ಆ ಜಡ ಜು ರಬೆ ಉದ್ಕಾ ಇ ಇದ್ದಾಳ 7 ಜಬ ಜತ ಹಾಡ್‌ ಚ ದ್ರು ಎ ೫ ರುಷ ಇಗ ಇರ; ಮಾ ಡ್ಯಾ ೪1ರ ಜಕರ ಹು ಸೋ ರಾಜ್‌ ಸಿ ಭಾರತ್‌ ಜಿ ಟ್ಟ ಯ್ಯ ಆಜ ನ ಜಲ ರುಸ ಜುಸದ್ರಹಳಿ ಜು ಕೊ ಇಲೆ ತೆಯ ತ ಸ 2 ನ್ಟ ಮಾ ಆಗ್ಗೆ " 2೫. (ಈ ಕ್‌ ಬಳ್ಳೆ ನಿಷ್‌ ಸಾ ಇದಾ ಇವ್ರ ಸುಣ್ಫಾರಾರಾರಾರೆ ಧಾ೫ಮು$ ತ ಕ ಸ ರ ನಜದ ಸೋತ ಷ್‌ ಓಂ ಬ ಸ ಬಿಜ ್ಥ ಜ್‌ ಗಿಲಿ ಎ 1 ಇ ಸಿ. ಜನಸ್ಯ” ಷೆ ಜಲ ಸಸರ್ಜ ಇದ ೫೧ ಇಸ್‌ ಜಾಷ್ಯರಿಷ್ಟ! ಸ್ಫಚ ಜಗದಾಳ ದರ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಸ ಕ ಸ್ಟ ತಿ ಸ ದ್‌ೆ ಟ್ಲ್ಲ ಗ] ಹರಗ ಸರ್ಮಜಾಸ್ಮ₹“ ಸ್ರಾ್‌್‌ 5 ಬಾ ದರಾ ಬೂ ನರ್‌ ಘೆ ಹೀರಿ ರಯಾ್‌ಗಾರಾರರ್‌ರ ಕ್‌ ಸಾ ಜಂ ನನಾ” -ಮರಾಯಡಿ ಸೊ ಜಾ ಡಾ ಾಾಿ ತ ಬಾ ಬ ಹ ಎಂಬ ಕ ಇದಿ ಕಷಟ ಗಳ ಸಾಕರತ್ತೆ ತ ನ ) (ಗು ವ್ರ ಕ ಜಸ ್‌ೃ 1 ಹ ಜಾ ಜಾ ಆಡ ಆತ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಟ್ಟ ಛೆ “6 ಐದರ ಇಡ! ತ ಇವವಾವ ಶಿಕ್ಣು ಇ್ರಸಿ ಯಯ ಸೀ ಸಸ ಮಾ 1 ಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಕಿ ಇತ್ರ ಹಾ ಜಬ ಕರತದ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ಕೌರಪಾಳ್ಯಾರ್ಯ-ತರ 6 ಮ್ಮ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಸಷ ರಾಯರ ಎಳು 3ರ ರಸಇವದಲ್ನಿ ಬು ಗೆ ೫ 1 ೫ ತ ಳ್‌ ಸಃ ಗೆ ದ "1 ಗೆ ಛು ಗ (1 “ಕ್‌ 1೭ ಇಇ... ಇ ಹ ಬೆ ಜರ್‌ಯಜಿರರ್ಪತ್‌ಹ ಇಷ್ಟು ಇ ಕಹಿ ಪೀರಿಕೆ ಸರ್ಸ-ಷ್ಟ ಳುಬು ಇಡ್ಯಾ ಷಡ್‌ ಶ್‌ ನರನ ಇರಿಕಾಇಸ್ರ್‌ ಹಕಗ ಕಲು ದಗ ನಗದ ರಾರ್ಥತ್‌ಷ್ಟ' ಇಟ ಲ ಷಾ ಹ ಜಬ 6 ಟೆ ನ ಜಾ ತ್‌್‌ ಜ್ನ ಸೀರಾಷವಿಂ ಹ ತ್‌ ಇರೇ ೆ ಇಸ ಸಾರಾರ್ಗಾೂಳ್ಗ ಳಿ ಸ ನ್‌ ಷಃ ಟ್ರ ಸಾಸ ಬ್ಯ ತ ಗ ಎ5. ಹ್ಞಾ ಜು ಡಿ 1 ಪ್‌ ಸ್ರ ತ್ರೀ "ಎ ಸಸ ರುಸ ನ್‌ ಟಲ್ಸಾ ಉಕ, ಸ್ಕಾ ಉಾ ಚ ಕ ಇಂ ತಕ ಜಾ ಸ 2 ಸುಕ್ನಾ ಜು "ಅರರರವ್‌್‌ವ್‌ ಕ (10) ತಿ ತ ದ್ಯ ಲ್ಕ ಕ ಇ ಎ ಇ 5 ಕ21 ಸ್ಸ್‌ ಶಾ ಶೆ ಶೀತ ಗಳ ಕ \| ಹಾ ಲ ಳ್‌ ತಮ್ಯಿ ಜ್ಯಾಕ್‌ ಲ್ಲ ಲೀಯ ನ ಗ” ಇರ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಇ ಇ ಗ) ಗ್ರ “ಕೀ ೨ಡಿ ಜ್ರ ರಾವರ ಬೂ 1ಎ ಡ್‌ ಬಡ್‌ ದ್ಯ 3 'ಹೊೋಲರಾಾತ। ಟಿಸಿ ಖಾ ದ ದ್ರ ಸಿ ಹಾ ಹ್‌ಡೆ-ಡಿ ಎನೇ ಊಟ ಸಧಾ ಬ ರ ರ್‌ ಚ್ಚ್‌ ಆನು ಚಾ ಇರ್‌ರೇೆರಾಾರರಾರಾಗದ ರಯ ಚಣ ಕ್ಯೆ " ಎ ಳ್ಳ ತ್ತೆ ದ್ಯ ಸ್ಕಿ ಬು ಬಜ ಇಸು ಉರ್‌ ಪ್ರವ ಸ್ತನ ಇಂದ ಎರಾ ಇವರತ ಆ ಜೀ ಇಡ) ಕ ಆ ಇ \| ಮ್ಯು ಸರ್ಕ ಯ ೧೬. ಷ್ಟು” ಹ್ಯಾ ಕ ಕ ಯ ಬಜ ಬೆಸ) ಷಾ ಆ. ಯೀ ದ್‌್‌ ಚಿ ಬಯ ಬ ಪ ಂಉಊಉಂ ದ್ದ “ದರ್ಯಾ ಇರ್ತ ಸತು ಬಾದ್‌ ಸಲಗಿಕಿರಗಪ್ತದ ರಾಡಿ ಬ ಇಾರ್ಗಹೇ \| ಗ ಡೆ ಇಅಅರರಬ ಕರಾಡೌತಾ ಚ ಉನ ಇ.) ಕ್‌ ಕ \| ಕಾ ಕ್ಕ. ಶ್ತ \| ೪ ಕ್‌ೆ ಶ್ರ ಕ ೫ ಕ ಆ ವ ಕ 1 ಸೇಾಡಿ ಸಾಷ್ಟಿ ತ್ತು ಟು ಗೆ ಇರ ಇದ್‌ ನಿರ್ದ್ಯದಷ ತಳ್ಳ ಧ್ರಾಇ5ರರಾಷರ್ದಿಯ್‌್‌್‌ ೧೯೫" ಇ ಇ ರ ರಸ ತಕ್ಕ ರ್ಜಲ ! ಸ \| \| [ತ್ತು ಕು ಫಿ 10 \| ದ್‌ ಇ ಟಟ ವ್‌ ಧ್ವ ಸ್ಯ ್‌ ಮೆ 1 ಆ ಸ ರ್‌ ಬು ಸ ಅಸ ಿ ಸಾರಾ ಸ್ರ ನ್ಯ ಸ್ತ ಸರ್‌ ಸ ಆಳ್‌ ಷ್ಸ್ಸ ನಸ್ಯ ಡಿ ಯುದ್ಮ॥ ಮಾ ಗ ವೊ ದ್‌ ಇಸ್ಟ ಹಾಸ್ತಾ ನ ಇ ಲಾಜ ಜಿಕ ಸ ಯಾ ಗ ಳಾ (1 ತಾತಾ. ಯಿ ಸಾ ಕ ತೆ ಆ ಬಸ ತೆ ಬೆ ಟೆ ಸ ವೆ ಸ್‌ ಆ ಹಕ್‌ ಕುಇಗೆಗಗಾಷಾರಾರಾ್‌ಾಖಿ ನ ಡೆ ನಾ ನ ಫ್ರಾ ಸಾ ಯು ನ್ನು ಬು ಲ ನ ಆ ್ಥ ಲ ಲ್ಲ ಸಗ ಗಾಗತ್‌ಳುಸ್ನಸ್‌ 2 ರು ಜು ಆ ನಷ್ಣಕಲ್ಯ ಕ ಸತ್ಯ ಜ್ಯಾ 211 ಣ್‌ ರು ಉ ತ್ರಗ ರಾಲ್‌ ಲ ಸ್ನ ಮಾ ವ್ಯ ಕ್‌ ಬ್‌ ಇದ್ದಲ್ದೆ ಪ್ರಾ ಶ್ವಾ 1 ತತ್‌ ಸಹನಟ ನ ಲ್ಪ ನ ಇರಲು ಉಳ್ಳ \| 1! \| ಸಲೆ ಸಃ 1ಬ 1] ಕ \| ಗ್‌ \| ವಾತಾ ಬ ಅಸು ಸೂಡಿ ಸಲ ಇಸ್ಟು) ಕ ೪ ಕರಾಯ ದು” ಆಜ್ರಿ” ಉಡಿ ದ್ಮು್‌ು ಇರ ಕಿ ಷ್‌ ಸ ಟ್ರ ಎ. ಹಾಆ. ಪತೆ \| ಸ ಎ \| ೆ ಕ ರ್‌ ( ಸ ಜುಹು ಸಿ "ಕ್ಷ ರಾದ ಜಜದ "್‌ 4 1 ಹ \| ಕ ಇ ನಾ] ಬ ಸಿ ಡು ಇ ಗೆಲಾ ಇ ಭಾ ಳ್‌ ಸ ಪ್‌ ಇರಾಯ್ಮಿದ ದ್‌ ರಾರ್ಯಾಣ ಸಾಕೆ ತಯಗ ಘ್‌ ೪ ಲು ಆ ದು ತ್‌ ತ್ಕಾ: ಗರಂ ಜಾ ಜೌ ಥಿ ಟು ಹ ಲ ಗ ಕ ಷು ನ್‌್‌ ಜೆ ಗಲ್ಳು ಸ ಜಗ್‌ ರಾ” [\| ರು ಲಾ ಇ ಸು -ಭರೀಜ್ಟೆ ಆಗಿ, ಸ ಸ ವ್ವ ಓಲಾ ಜೋ ಜಾಮ ಇ “ನು ಷ್‌ ದ್ರು ಗ ವಾಡಾ: ಸ ಸಪಲ್ಯ ಅ ಕಕ್ಕ ರ್ನ \| \| ಇಡ ಇಂಗ ಗ್ಯ ಜ್‌ರ್ಧಾತ ಶರ್ವಾಯ “ರಾಸೂರವರಾರದರ್ಥಯಂ ಆರವ್ಮ ಗೆ ಫಾರ್‌ ಹಕ್ಕಾ: ನ್‌ ರ್ಯ ತ್‌ಹ ಕ ವ ದಾಸ ಲೆ ಗ ಇ ಜಟ. " ಜಾ ರಾಯರ, ಉರ ಡ್ರಾ ನಸ ಭ್‌ ಗ 1 ( ತಾ ಕಾ ) ಆ 1 ಕ್ಮ “ವ್ರ ಡಹ “ಫಾ ರ್‌ ಕ್‌ 1! \| ಇ ಗ 101 11 ಷನಿರರಾಾಕೆ ಸವಾ ದಾನ ರಾಯಿ 11 \| ರಿ ರಾಂ. ನ್‌ ಗ ಇ ಸ! ಸ್ರ (11 \| ` ಮ್ಮ ಸಾ ಸು ಸ್ನ ಡೆ ಲ್ಪು ಳ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಲ ಪಾಯಲ್‌ ರಾ ತ ಸ ಯಯ ಬ ಜಾ ದ ಣು ನ ರ್‌್‌್‌ ಸ್ರಾ- ಯಾ ; ಎ ನು ರಾಜಾರ್ಥದ ಹಬ ಜೆ ಬದ ಧಾ ಹ ರುಣ ತ ರೌಸಿ ಆ ಆ ಷರಾ ಸಿಇರಾವ, ಗ ಹ್ಯಾ ್‌ ತೋೌ್ಪ ಈ ಮ್ಲ ಚ. ೫ ಸಬಿಕ್ರಾಶಕರಾಣಾನಾರಾಣಾಕಾಷಾ ರ್‌ ಖಿ ದತೂಳ್ಳ] ॥ ಇ 'ಾಲಯರರೆ ಜೃರಾರಾಸರಾಗರದಗ ರಾರಾ ಆ ಇಷ್ಟು ಅರಾಯಧಾಕ ಇರಿಸಕಾಷಾ ಸರಾ“ ಇಪಿಸವ್‌ಸಸಣಾನದಿ \| ತ ತ್ಟ್ಮ್ಮ್ರು ಸ್ಟ ತ ಮ್ರು ದುಾಸ್ಯ ಇರ್ತ ಟ್‌ ನೌ 1 ಡು ವರ್ಷರ್ಶ್ಯನ ವ್ರ ಇಷ್ಟ ಜು ಎ ಜಟ ಇಷ್ಟ ' \| ಹಾ ಹ ಶೆ ಆ ಗ ಹೆ ಇರು ತ್ತ 1. ೪4 ಒಕ ಲಾಸ ಇ ರಾರರ್ಟ್ಯಣ ಯಾಕೆ ಜರ್‌ ಉಡದ5ಇರ್ವಾಡ ಷೀ! ೆ “ದ್ದೆ ಇ ್‌್‌ ಓಸಿ” ಐರ್‌ ಜು ಕರರಾಜದಿ ತತ ತತ್ತರ ತ ಮಾಗ್‌ ಆ ಧಡ ಒಂಜೇ ಇಸಾಸಾರ್ಗ್ಯಾಡಗ್ಸ ಜರವಾ ಮ ಮೂಸಿ ಹ: ಕೆ ಮಾ - ಜ್‌ ತಿ ದಾ ಳಾ ನ್‌ -ಕರ-ರರಾರಡಾಲಧಿ ಇನಿತು ಇಆಾಯರಯಯಿ ಅಸತ ರಾಸ ಇಷತಳೆ ರ-ಮಾಡ್ಮಾೌ ಇಸ್ಟ ಕ್ಮ ಸ ”ೆ ಡಾ 1 (1 ಮ ಲಬಬ್ಪಅಫ ಬ ? ನರರಿಸಸ್‌ಕ ದ(ಜಾರೇಯ-್‌ಡಿಲತ್‌ಡ 4 ಇ ಆತು ಆರ ಉಯ್‌ನತ, ರ್ಪಾಡ್‌ಕೆ ರ್ಕ ರ್ಜಸಲ್ಲರಾ್‌ ಸ ಶ್‌ \| ಗು ನ ತಿ 1 ಚ. ದ್ರು ಸ್ವ 8 ( \|" ಹ ಗೊನ್ನಿ ಡಡ ದಾದು ರಡುತಾರರಾಸದವರಿಶ್ರಾ ರು ಐರ್‌ ಹು ಷ್ಟ ಐನಗೂಸವರ್ಣ ಉಪಾ \| ನ.೫8. ದಾ ಸ ಸ ತ ಠ್‌ ಎ 0 ಫೆ ಸ ನ ಗ ು \| ಇರ್‌ದಿದ್ದಾ ಏಸು ದ್ರ ಎರೆ _ಡುರ್‌ರುಇ ಈದ ಐತು ಜಾ ಕರರ 3 ಆ ೨ ರಷ ಔತ ಮಾಡ್‌ಹಡ್ಡಾ' ವ ಐರತ ( ನ ಇಷ್ಟ ) ಳ 1 [ ಗೆ 1? ಇ” ಕ್‌ "ಸಾ ಕ್ಸ್‌ ಹ ರಥ್‌ ಫ್ರಾ ಜು 5೧೫ ಯು ಇತ ಆಹಾ ಆರರ ರನ್‌ ಚಾ ಗ ೫ ಟಉ \| ಸಿ ಠು ತ ಮಾ ಟ್ಟ 1 ( ಇಡಾ ಣೊ ಆನ ಉಸಿರ) ಶುಷ್ಕ್ಯ್‌ ರ್ಜಲ ರ್‌ು ಕ ಜಾದವ್‌ ಹ ನು ಆಡು ಗಇಷಲ್ನೂ ಟಾ ವಿ ಲಕಾರಾರದರುಣಾತೆ \| 1 ತೆ ಜನ ಹ ಗಗ ಹಾಸಿ ಕ್‌ ಸತ್ತಾ ತಿರಾ ಮರಾತದದ “ನಲದ \|: ಹು ಲರ ಆದಿನ ಳೆ ತರಿರಕ- ಕಣುಸಂಡ್‌ ಜಾ ಜಮಃ ಮುಸು ಸಾ ಸ ತೆ ಬ್ಬ ಸ ಈ ಗೆ " ' ಹ ಇನ್ನಸ್ತು ಬ್ರ, ಜದ ಭಾರ ಹಜರತ ಕ್ತ ಧ್‌” ಆ ಲ್ಪ ಪಡ್‌ ಕರಿ ನಡಿ ಆರ್ಕಾ” ನಿಲ ಕು ತ್ರಾ ಮ ' ತ \| 1 -ಇಲ್ಲೇಇ ಇಸಿ ದಾ ಖು ನ ಗಾಜಾ ರಸ್ಯ ಗನಿತಟ್‌ಸಿವನೆ ನ ನಷ ಬರಾ” ಇ ಸು ಎರಾ! ತ್ಯ ಇಾತಾರರಾಸರಾನಿ ಯು ವ್ರ ಕ ಗ ಎ ಗ ಲು ' ಗ್ಗ -ರರಷಯ ಇಾ-ದ್ದರತಾ ಬಡಾ ಆರಾರಾಜಾಧಿಗ “ಯಾವ ನಪ್‌ರಾವಾರರು ಎದು ಹಾಯಿ ಮ ಸಿಕ್ತ 9, ವಿ ಬದಾರುರ್ಟತೆ ಇಡುಇಕ್ಕಿ ಟ್ರ ನಜ ಜತ ಕಿ ಕ (\| ಜೆ ನ ಕ್ಯ ಕ ಲ್ರು ಆ ಗ್‌ ಜಿ ಮು. ಸ ತ ಲು ತ್‌ ಬ ಜ್ನ “ರ್ವರಾಾರಗದರಾರ್ಯ್‌ ಟೂ ಗ ದಿದ ಸ್‌ “ವ್‌ ಕರರ ಸರಕ್‌ ರಚ 5೪ ತ ರಡಿಜ್ಯರ್ಯೊಗನ. ಅತ್ತ್ರಸಣಲ್ಳಿ (1 ಕಿ ಸ್ತ ಥಿ ಉಕಾ ಕ 1 ಗೆ ಎ ಇ ಇಸಾಕ ಇರಾನಿ ರಾಗಪ್ರ ಯೂ ಜತಿ ಇ್ಥ್ರಿಇಷ್ಟ್‌ಸಕಾರಡ 'ತನಕಇ7ಹರಎಂಇಡಿ ಎಂ ಎರದು ಹ 1 \| \| \| ಬ 1 ಜಪ ಭಲಿ ಗು ಎ ಶಾರಿ ಇನ್ನ ರಿಕಾ ರುದ ಇರ್ಚ್ವತಿ- ಉಮತ್ತತರ್ಷಪಗುಳ್ಳಿ ಕರರ \| 1) ಮಿ ಬ್‌ \| 1 - ಡಮ ಜಾ ೩ ಎಡೂರಾರಾತಸ ಸು ಜು ಜಾ ಇತತ ಇಇರಾಂವರಸರ್ಯ ಹರ್ದು ರಯ್‌ “ಹಿತ ಭಾಸ (ಇಡು ಇಸ್ಸಇಸುಕೆ ಜತ ಷರ್ಟ್‌ ಸ್ಥ ಸುರ್‌ ನಷರಾಪೇ ವ್ಯಸ್ಟರಾಸು ತು ತ್ರಕ್ಯ ಇರಿಸು ಆರರಾರೂಾರಹನ, ಎ... \| ವೆ ವ ಕ 1 ಬ್ಶ ತ ಇ ತೆ ಲ್ಕಾ ಜಿ \| ರಾಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆ ಧಾಸಿವಿವೂಾ ಆದ್ಯ ಕತ] ಕಚ 3೫ ಬುಕು - ಇನ್ನ ಮು ಸ್ರ ರಾರಾ ೬ ರಾರ ಾತಿತಿ 1 6 ಲಾ $ \| ಸ ಕ “ರರ ಆ ಎ ೀ' ಜು ಬ ದ ಆಾಥನಿತೆ ನಷ್ಟ ನಾದ ಕ್‌ ದತ್ತಾ ಇ ಳೂ ಉತರ್‌ ಬ ಆ ಖಿ ಆಕ್‌ ರಾ ಇಷೂಾನಾಸಿ ಆಯು ಇ 2 ಕೆ \| ಗೆ ಸ ದ್ರು ೯ ಗ ಟ್ರ ೫ \| ೆ ಇಳೆಯ ಪಿ ಲಿ ಇಡಾ) ಬದ ಇವರಾರಡದ ವ್‌ ಮು ನ ದು ಕಾಸೆ ಇರ ರಯ್‌ ಹ ಇ ಸಹ ಪರ್ಣಾನದ ಹಂ ಸ 1 -ಷರಾಸ್‌ಡರರನ ಭರ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಎಡ್‌ ಸಾ ಅಸಿಸರರರ್ಷನರಾ“ ್ಣಾಕ್ಕಾಗ ನವಿ ಇಣ ಡಿ ಕತ್ತಿತಿ ಅರರ ಇರಾ ಸಾ ಸ ರಾದ ರದಿ ವತ 4-ಎಂಕ ಅರಷಸಾಣು ಇ ಇಂದೌ(ಘ( ಘಿ ನ್ಸಿಃ ಜ್ರ ರ್ಣಷ ಜಾ ಇಸಾ ಇ ಟ್‌ ಇಸಕಿ ತಾ ಚಾರ ಖಾ ಆ 1 \| ಜಾ ಕ್ಕಾ ಇ“ ಳ್ಳ ಸ ಎಂದರ ಕ ಸ ಸು ಪಲ ಎತ್ತ -ರರವ್‌ಸರಾ ನಾರಾಯ ಎಡಿ ಬಾಸು ಜರಾ ಜಾಡಿ ಹ ಡಾಗ್‌ ಬ ಇರಾ್ಸ ಎಎ ಜಾ ಸ್ಟ 1 ತ ಎಡಿ ಸ ಶ್ರೀ ಎಗರ ಇರರ -ರೇರರಾರರಾಜ, ಜಾಲ್ಕಾಡಾ ಕಾ ಸ್ರ ರರ-ಷಾಗಾಲಾಹ್‌ಣ ; ಸುಸಾನ ಜು ಎ ಬಾ \| ಗೂ ಲಾಜ ರದ, ಇರಾಕಾದಕ್ಳಾಡಿವದವು ವಂರಷೂರು ಕ್ಕ ಗವ ದತ ವ್ಯ ಕು ಜು ಚಯ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಸಾತ ಹಾ ೫.1. ಲ 6 ತ (ಡ್ನ ೧ ಆರರ ದ್ಯ ರಾಣಿ ಸವಾರ ಹಾಸಾರಾರಾಯರಿಇ ಸಾರಾ ಡ್‌, ಚೆ \| ಷ್ಠ ೫ ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಳಾ ಐದ್‌ ಇ ಕ ಸ ದ ಸಸ ೪ ಉ ದ ರರಾವದತ್ಷಸ್ಷಡಾ ತ್ತ ಇಷ ಹ 1ನ ಯಸ] ಜು ಇ 221. ಸಣೆಯ್ಯಸಿಸ ಸ್ಕಿ ಸು ಷ್ಟ. ಇರದರಾಹ್‌್‌್‌ ಬ ಸಣ್ಣು ಬರ್ಕ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ರಕತ ಬಲ, ಇನ್ನರ್‌ ಲ್ಸ ಸು! “ಸ ಆಗಿ ಸವರಬಾಸ್‌ ಶಿ ಮು ಸ \| ಅಮಾ ಹಾ ಬಾ. ಧ್‌ ಒಬ್ರು ಲ ಲ ಚ ಬ ಸೂರ್ಯಾ ಸೇ ಬರ್ಯಾ » ಆತರ ಕಾಸಾತೆ ತು ನಾ ಜಾರ್‌ ನೆ ” ಮಾಡ್ಕರುಾ ದ್ಯಾಗ್ಫರ್‌ರು ಕ್‌ ಲ್ಯ ಅಷ ಇ ರಚ ನ ”ೆ ಸ ಯಾ ರಾಹಿ ಹಟ! ಆದ ರದಿ-ಯಂ, ಎ ಷ್ಟ ವ್ಬಸ್ಳರಾತರ ಆರ್ಯ ಸಟೆ ಅಯ್‌ ಲ ತೆ ಕಳ ಇಗ ಡಿ ಇ ಪವಿ ವ ಎ! ಕ್ರ ಬ ಇಡಿಯ ರಣ “ಭಾವಾನ ಎರದಿ-ವ್‌ಆ್ರೋಎಲ್‌ಯಿ ಆರ್ಮ್‌ ಸುರಾರನ್ನ ಆದೂ, ಇತಿ-ಸೇ] ಹ್ತ ಯುರ ಕ ಶ್ರ ಬ ತ ನಂ ಸಿ ಸ “ರ ರ್ಯಾ! ಬಾಜಾ ಕು ರ ಕೀ ರ್‌ ಆಲನ್‌ ದಾ ನಳ್ಳಿ ಆಗಡಯವಂಪುದ ಸೂರ ರಾಡಿ ್ಯೊ ನ್ಯಾ ಚೆ ಬದು ಹಾ ಎ ಪಟ ಹಾ ಜು ಬ ಜ್‌ ಆ ಹಾ ಶಾ ಕ ತು ಂ) ಲ್‌ ಕಸಿ \| ಸ. ಕಾ ಯತು) ಬ್ರ ಷ್‌ ಗಾ ಗ” ಸಃ ಆಗ್‌” ರ್ಯಾ ಹೊತು ಇ ್ಸ ೧ರ ಧರಾ “ಚಾರ್‌ ನಾ ಡವಡವ ದ್ಯ ಹವೆ ಲ್ಯಾ ವಿ ಚಯ ಇ ಯ್ದ ಇ ಒರ್‌ ರ ಲ್‌ದು॥ ಜು ಯಲ್‌ ನಾಸ್ಯ -ಭರಾಲೇಯಡಿಗೆ ಗೂ "ಭೆ 1 ಗ ಹ ಚಡ ಆದು ಲಯ ೪ ಇ ೯ ಗರಿ ಆರ ಘಿ ಜದ್ಬುದಷ್ಟ ಇ %ತ ಸರ್ಗ್‌” ಇತಷು ಸ್ಯಾ” ಕ್‌ ಬ ಲ, ಟ್‌ 'ಮಡಢೋಜುದದ ಇರ್‌ ರ್‌ ) [ ಗೃ ಅಧಸಷ್ಟ?” "ು ರಂ ದ ಗು 1 ಎ ಶ್‌ ಸ ಸ್‌ ಘ್‌ ಯ ನ ಸು ಕೆ ಐದೂ ಸ್ಸ ಳ್ಳ ಜ್‌ ಎಸ ಇ ನಳ ಇಟ್ಟ ರು ಬ ಓಹಿತಲ್ಲಾಳದ ಭ್‌ರಬಳ್ಳಾ: ಕ್‌ ರ್ಯ ಬ್ಬ ಭು ಸ ಣ್ರ ಬ್ರ ತ ಕ ಹ ಲ” ಸ್ರ 1 ೩ (ಸ ಡ್‌ ಹ್ಗ ಸ, ಗ ಕಿ ಕಿ ಮಾ ಸತಾ. ಬ್‌ ಜಾಲ “ರಸ ಬರ್‌ ಆಟ ಭರ, ಬಗಲ ಜ್ಯ ಆರರ ಜರಲಆಕೂ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಜಾ್‌ಡ ಹ! ಕದ ಸಸಾರ ಡಿದ ಬ ಬ ಬಟ್ಟು ಟ್ಟಿ ಕ್ಟ ಟ್ರ ತಾ) ಯಉ ಬಲಯ ಇದ ಳ್ಳ ಆ ಯು ಇಂ ಇಪರ್ನಾರ್ಯ್‌ಸರ ದುಇ ಇಗಾ್ಪಬಖಿ ಕಾಗ ಸ್ಯರಾತೆಗ್ಸತ್ತತ' ಟಿ ) ತ್ರ ಜ್ಮಾೃೂಾ ಛಡಿ 1 ೯ 1 ನ ರ್‌ಂ ಓಡು ವು ರ್ಯ್ಯವಮ್ಯೂ ಲ್ಯ ಅರಸ ರಾಗಾ ಸ್‌ ಹಾ ಗೆ ನ ರ್ತಿ ಯನ ಗೆ ಭ್‌ ಮು ಸ್ಯ ಸ ಸ ಳಾ ಳೆ ಜ್ನ ಇಸಾಕ್‌ ಕಾ ರಿ ಇ ಯು ತಿ ರ್ಗ ಜಯ್‌, ಆಡ್‌ ತ ಸಿ ಹ ಪ್ತ ಗ ಚ ಕ ಸ “\| ಟ್ರ ಮ ಜು ದು ಲ್ಯಾ ಬ ನಾರ್‌್‌ನ ದಂ ೫ ದ ತಕ್ಷ ನಷ್ಟ್‌ ಬಾರ್ಥ್‌್‌್‌ ಸ್ಕಲ್‌ ಪ್ಷಾಟ, ಒಇಸರದಿಸೂದಸ ರಾಗಾ ಪಿವಿ ಕಾಮ್ಯ ಆ ] ಸ ಟ್‌ ಆ ಸ್‌ ಧ್‌ ಭ್‌ ರನ್‌ ಳ್‌ ಹ್ವೊಟ್ಪದ್ರಿ- ಮೊದ ಇರರ್ಕಾಣ ಆರ್‌ಡಿ ಅಬ ಎ ಭರ!" ಲ ಇಾ್‌ ಅಸಿಗಾರರ ಗು ಡಿ” ಗಜುಭಾಗ ಕ ಸ \| ತ ಡಿ ಸ 1 ಸ ಇ ಲಾ ಬ ಹ ಹ ರ್‌ 6%, ಕ ನರು ದಾ ಸರಾರ್‌ಕ್ಲಿ ಜಸು ಉಡ ರಚಿ ರಾಗದ ರವರ್ಥಿಇ್‌ಕ-ಂಜೂ ಭೀಮ್ಮವಳ್ಳ ಸ ೯ ಜು ತಕ ಕೂ) ನೈ ಕ್ಠ ನನ ನ್‌ 4. ಇ ೌಿ ಆಹು ಬ ಷ್‌ ಸ್ರ; ಸಡಾ ಇ ೪ರ ನ ಬ ಆಕಿ ತಂ ್ಫಊಉ ಯಾ ಛಿಳ್ಳದದುರದ ದ್ದ ಹ ಲಾ ್‌ಹಥಲ೨( ತೆ ಕ್‌ ನಲ್ಲ ದೆ 4 ಗ 1 ಕ್ಕ ದಿ ಅರರ ರ್‌ು ಸಸ ವಧ “ಜ್‌ ್‌ ರಾ ರಷ್ಟ ಜು ವಾ ನರಾ, ಲ “ರರ ರ್ವ ರ ಕ ಜುರ್ಭಾರ್ಯಾ ಬಜ“ “ಡು ಹಳ ಗರ ಭಾ ತತಯ್ನೂ ಸಾರಾ; ಇನ 14ಸನ್ಯ ಬ ಸ್ಟ ಳ್‌ ಸ್ವ ಗ ಗ 1 ತ್ತ \| ಳು ಕ ಧು ಲ್ಲ ಸು ಉಡು ಸ 4ಯ್ಮಾ ಜಲು ಲ್‌ಣ ೧. ಖ್ಥ ರಣ್‌ ಇ ಬಸ ಟ್‌ ಇರಾ ಭಿ ಇ ಎ ಡಿ ಒಳ ಜ್‌ ಡಿ ಜಿ ಭಿ ರಾಕಿ ಯಾರಾ ಟ್‌ ಳ್‌ ಗಾರರ ಳ್‌ ಡಿ ಕ್ಯ ಟೆ \| ಸ ತಗೆ ಕ್ಕೆ ಚ ಳ್ಳ ದ್ಯ ಕ್ಲ ಸಃ ಸ ಮುರದು ಜ್ರ ಓಳ ಸಲ್ಮಾ ರ್‌ ತು ಇ ಢಿದ್ದಐ ಡ್ವರ್ಣಾರ್‌ ಕಜ್ಜ” ಕ್ರ ತಪ ಜ್‌ ರ್ಮ್‌ ಬ ಸರಿಭರ ದೆ ಸ್ಟಡಿ ಇೃಾ ತುಳ ಇದಾಈ್ಮಿ ಇ ಲ ತ ್‌ ರ್‌ ತಾತ ಹ ಮ ಸ್‌ತರ್ನ್ಯರ್‌ಷರಿಸನಿ ೧ಯುಜಾಾಳಯಾ ಆರದ ಇಡಿ ತು ಎಸ ಯ ಪಜ 222 ಬದು ಕಲಲ ಇ. ೫ ಗ ನ ರ ಜ್ರ ೯ ಸು ಶೆ ಲ ತ ತ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಜ್ಯ ಹಸಗ] ಐಸ್‌ ಡರ್ಗರ್‌ದೃ ರಗದ ರ ದೂ ಆ ೪ನ ಲ ತ ಸರ್‌ ಆ ಇರಇಪಾಳ ತ್ಕಾ ದ ಪಾ? ಜ್‌ ೫... ಇರ್‌ ಯು ಬಾ ಒಳ ಮ ಫ್ರಾ ಡರ ದ ರಾರ್‌ರರರ್ದಾರವ ಸಾರ್‌ ಸ (ಛ್‌ ಡಿಗಿರ” ರ್‌ ಮಾರಾ ಬು ಷರ್ಮ್ಟಇರಾಣಕಾರ್ಯಳ ೦ರಿತ್‌ತ ವಿಾಸತೆಪಾರ್ಗದ್‌ಯಗಾ ರಸಕ ಇವವಾಸೀವದದಿ' ಜಾ ಇ 2 ಫ್ರಿ ತ, ಎಸ -ರರಜಾ ತಾ ಟ್ಟ ಜ್ನ ಆ ರಾರ್ಣರ್‌ ಷ್‌ ರಾರಾ ಕಾಡು ಎಂ ್‌್‌ ಕ್ರಾ ತ ಗ್ನಳಾ। ಲ -ೌಂಡ್ಯೋರಾದ ಷ್‌ ಒಡಯ ರದಕ್ಲಿರರವರಾಗ ಇರ ಜವಾತ್‌ ಸತರ ರಾರ ಬಮ ಜು! 1 ಇಕ-್ಟ್ಟ ಹಾ ಸ್ರ ( ಉಾರಾರಾಗವ್ರೌಸ-ಂಗ6-ಂ, ಜಾಗಸ್ಯುತ್ಯಿ ನರೇರಾರ್ಯರಾಗರರ್ಯಾತಣನ ಜಾ ಆರರಂರ್ಯಾದವನಇ-ರ್‌ಸ್ಕ್ಷಂ 1 ಲೆ ರಸಾ ಇ 1 ಕ್ರ ಚಲ್ಲು ಜೆ ಮ (ಬ್ರ 1 ರಳು ತ ಕ್ಷ 4 ಉಕ್ಕಿ ಇರಯರ್ಥ ತಾರ್‌ ಹುಲು ಶು ಜರಾ ಾ ಹರ್‌ ಇ್ಟ್ಯರ್ಗಕಲ್‌ಪ್ರಾಂಸಕ್ಷ ರ್‌ ಲರ್‌ “ಇಷರಾರಾ್‌ೇರ ಕ ಲ್ರು್ಬು "ಷಾಗಪ್ರರ್ಸಾಾ ಇಾಲಗಹನಶಾರಾರ್ರ ತ ಪಾಸಿ ಕಾರಕ ಸರಳ ಹೇಶ್ವರ್ಳ್ಸ ಸ್‌ ತಾರಯಾಾೂ ಇಕಾ ಸ್‌ ರಾಯರ ರಾ ಡಾ ಅಜ ಔಿ-ಸ7 ಜು ಎ ಎಯ್‌ ಇಸ್ನಿರೊಗ್ಣ ಕ್ತ ರ್ಗರ್ಹತ ರ್‌ು ಬಾಸು ಸ್ರ ಹರಾ ಜಿರರ್‌ದ್ಕ (, ಇರಹಾದದಿ ಪ್ರ.ಎಾಬಾರವೂ ಇಂನುರ್ಗಾಟಇತಳಸಾಳ ಆ ಇರು ಆ ಬೌ ಬ ಭ್‌ ಇಸ ಇ ಇ ಳು ಇ ಉಸೆ ಗ \| / ದ ಜೆ ಳೆ ಸ ಆಟಿ ಆ ದ್‌ ಯು ಇಡಿರಿ ಆಸಿ ಸ ಯ ಟಿ ಆರಹೋರ್ಟಾ ೪ಾ ಜಗ್ಗ ಬ್ಗ: ಕ.7 ಜರಾ ಗ್ಗ ಅಗ್ಗ 1 ಕಾಯು ಪ್ಮಿದಗುದ (ಸವ ಹಿ ೪ ಸ್ಪ 2 ಕ ಜು ಸು ಗ್‌ ಬರು ಎ ಬ ಬಂಡ ಜು ಜು ಬಮ ಬಟು ಜ್ಯ ಚು \| .. ೯್ದೃಯ್ಲ್ಸ್ಗ \| ಸ ಕ್ರ ಗ ಫೆ \| ಜರದರಿ ಇ 1 1 1! ಒತ್ತೆ. ಸ 1 ` ( (ತ್ನ \| ಸ 1 ಚ್‌ ಜಡ ಆ \| ನ - 1 ಇರ್‌ಆ-ಷ್ಟೋರಾಸತಿ ಟಃ ದ್ಯ ನಡಸ. ವರರ ಇ ಎಂಟ 1 1... ಜಿಹ್ಕಿ ಭಜ: ಗ ಟು ಕ ; ಆಲ ಗ ತ್ಯ ಖು 1 \| . ಇ್ಗಳಗನ ?ಿ ು್‌ ಬ / ನ ಕಯ ಸ “ಭೇಟ ನ್‌ ಆಯ ಹ ಯು ಷರಾ” ವರಸ್‌ ಕ್ವ ಜಾ 1 ಶಿ ನ ಸ; ಛ “1 ಸ 1 ` ಸ ಸಸ್‌ನ6 ಬಿ ಲ \| \| 65:1೧ ಈ \| ಪಾಣಾರ ಸ. ರಾಸ ಸ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಇರರರ್ಜತರಹ್‌ರ ಹಾಡ 2ನ ಕ್‌ ಜಾ ( ಈ 2 \| ಸ ಕ ಗ: 4 ನ ಛಾ ಪ್‌ ಹಲಾ್‌ ಇರದ ಡೆ ನಾರ ನ ಸಕಾರದ ಸಾಗು ಎರ್‌ ತ \| ಜಾ ಬಬ್ಕ ಬ್ದ \| ಕ ಕ ಕಿಟ ಜೃ ದ್ರು ಸ ಲ ಹ ` ಕ (ವರ್‌ ಸ ಹ ಜಾಹಿ ತ ಯ್ಯತು ಕ ಜು ನಷ್‌ಅರಕ್‌ಷಾ” ಇಷ ಡಿ ತ್ತ ತೆ 6.5 ಆ ಳ್ಳ ಯ್‌ ಮ ಳ್ಳ ರರ ಸಾಸರ್‌ ರಾರಾತ] ಸಕ್ಷವೆ ಡ್ನ ರಜ ಜಂ ಜಃ ಜಸ್‌ ಸು ಸ್‌ ತ ಇ ಏ ೫.11. ಸು ಳ್ಳ ಸ ಣಿ ಸ ಮ ಜತ 1 ಬ ್ನ ಸ ಜಾ ನ ಷ್ಣ ಮ ಕಳಯ? ಇರಿಣಉಿ ಗ "ಇಹ ಸಟ ಟಾ ಲೆ ಗು ಸ ಇಡ ಮಸಲ್ಸ್‌ ರಾ “ಡು ಜ್‌” ಸ ಇಂತ ಸಾ ಇ ಇರ್‌ ಬನ “ ಟಾ ಡಿಮ ತು ಸಳ ಸನದು ಕಾದ. ರ್ಡ್ಗ "ಇಗೂ ಇ ಆಗ್ರ ಪ್ರ ಇಂ1೫ರು ಸ್ಯ ಸ ಗಾ ಇವಸಾಳು ಸ ೩ ತ ಜು "ೆ ನಯ್‌ ಇಡು ಲ ಕ ್ಳ ಸ ಲ ಕ್ಸ್‌ ಭ್‌ ` ರೆ ...) `` ಇರು ಆಯ್‌ ಗೆ ತ ಇ ಸ 6 ಆ ಆ ಬೋ ಕಾಚು ಬ ಸ್‌ ಜ್ಯಷಭು ಯ ಸ್ಟ \| ಇ ಇರ್‌ ಬಬ ತಹ ತ್‌ 'ಧರ್ಧರಷಳಿ ಹ್ಯಾ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಜಾ ದ್‌ ಇ ಜಾ! ಚ ಛಃ ಕ್ಸ ಟೆ ಷ್‌ ಸಾ ಹ ಡೆ “ಡ್ಡ ತು ಇ ಗು ರರಜರಸಾದೇಾ ಜು ತ ಇ ಓಂ ಳ್ದು. ನ. ಇದ್ದದು ಛ್‌ ಸರನ್‌ ಡಿ ಟೆ ಇರಾ ನ ದ್ದ ಜೆ] \| ' ಟೂ ಇದ್ರ ಸವಸ ನರ” ಜರ್‌ ಳ್‌ ಸುಜ ತ್ಯಾ ಟಾ ಇನಿ ್‌ ಹಡರಿಳ್ಯಾರಿಯ ಲ ಇ ದರ್‌ ಕ ತಸ ತಿ ಜಾಸ್‌ "\| ಕ 4 ಗ 1 ಸ ಕ ತ ತೆ ನು ತ್ನ ಬ ಸ ಕ ಎ ಬ್ರಧ್ಠಿ ನಡುಗದು ಆಸಎರ್ಗನ ಸ ಉ್ಪ್ಥ್ಪ `ದ ತಿ ತರಾ ತ ತ್ರ ' ಹ ನ (ಹಟ್ಟೆ ಇ ಡಿ ಯು ಜಾನ್‌ನ ಜಮ್ಮ ಸ ಯಿ ತ ಡಗಿಯ ನು ಕು ಶಿ ಕ ಮ ಗ ಸ ಗ ಜಕುಸಾರದುಳ್ಳ ಹದರ ಇರು ಜುಲ ಯತು ಅ ದ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ ಜು ಮಯಾ ಟೀ ( ವು [ಗಳು ಳಂ 1 ಹ ೫ ಸರ್ವ; ಣ್ಣ ಸೊ ನಣ'” ಇ ಇಗಾ೪ 1” ಜದ ಕ ಗುಂ `ಾ್‌ ಗ ಮಖಾ ಕಾ ಗ್ಗ (0 ಇ್ತಿರಾಊ ಗ \| ಬ ರಕ ದಾ ಕ್ಟ ಷಲ್ಟ್‌ವಲ್ಲ ಬ್ರ ಗಲಾಟೆ ಇವಾ ಟ್ಟು ಸು ಅ ಹ ತೆ ದ್‌ ಇ ಕೆ ಮ್‌ ಇರ ಜ್‌ ಪ್ರ ಎಜು ಜಾ ಗ್‌ ಸ \| ಸ್ನ ತ ಸರು ಳ। ಲ್ಯ ಜ್ರ ; ಭ್‌ ಲ ೯ ಲ್ವ ದ್ಯಾ ಧ್ಯ ಳ್ಫಿ ಗಟ! ಸ ಇ್ಮಾಳು ಇ ರೂರಸರಿಸರಗಳಜ3 ಎ ನಸು ಸ್ಟಾ ಜಾ ತೆ ನಂ ಇಕರವ \|; ಎ ಲ್ವ ಕ ಸರ್‌ 6 ತಥ ಸುರತಿ ಉಡಿಸಿ ಶ್ರ “ಡೀಎಡಸ ಡ್ರಾ. ಕೆ ಸಕಾರ ಯಗ \|) \| ಲ್ಳಾ ಆಷ್ಟ ಕ ನಬ ಜ್‌ ಖಿ ಟಿ ಡ್ನ ಇಹ್ಮಳಿ ದ್‌ ಆ ಇಂ “ಕನು ಕ್‌ ಡಿ “ದ್‌ ಕ ಜಾರು ಸಾರಾಯಿ ಕಾನ ;ಃ 6 ಸಸ ಕ ಆ ಇ ಕ್ಸ ತ್‌ ಘ್‌ ಯಾ 3 ಅ ಎದ ಭಾಷ್ಯ ೯ ಬ್‌ \| ಗ! \| ಇಸ್‌ ಗ ಲ 0 ಹ ಕ್ರಸ್‌ಯ ರಾಗು ಶಾ ರುಪಿ ಷರಾ 11% ಖಾ ಇಂರಾಡ್‌ವ ನಾಾರನ್ನಿ ಇರರ ಸ ಡು (1? ತ ಸ] 1 \| \| ತ್ರಾ ಹಾ ೂಊೋ್ಫ ಇಡು ಸುು। “ದಾತಾ ಹಾ ಸಾಜ, ಎದ್‌ಣಾ ತ ಇಸಗ್ಗಳ 1 ಕು ಸಾ ಹ ಳ್ಳ ಗ ರ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಚು ರಾಪರ್‌ ತೆ ಒಳರಜಿರ \| ನ್ಗ ಕ ಮು ಡ್‌3್‌ \| ಅಧೆ ಯು ನರಸ ಕಾಸಾ, ರರಸರ್ವ್ಯಜತೆ ಸಹೇಟ್ಟಿ ಚಟ ಹ ಈ 4. ಲೆ ಟಾ ರಾಡ್‌ ಇ ಸ ಕ ಬಾರ ತೆ ಗು ನ ಸ್ವ ಡ್‌ ಡಾ ಅಹ ತ್ನ ತ್ಮ ಇಲ್ಲಾಪ್ಯಾ ಚ್‌ ಜಾ ಇಸ ಇರವು] ಲಾಜ ಇ ರರು ಜಸ ವ್‌ 4 ತೆ ಳಾ ಪರ, ಸ ಲ್ಲ ಸ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಇದ ಸಾಫ್ಟ ಓರಾ ಇಂ ಇಮುಗರ್ಗಕ್‌ ಬ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಣಾಇ7ರೂಾ್‌ ಸ ಾಾರಾರಾ್‌ೂ ಣ್ಯ ಸ ಟ್ಟು (\| ` ಸ ಸುತ ಜಸ: ತ್‌ ರಜುಗತ್ರ ಧರರ್ಮ್‌ ನ್‌್‌ ಸಧು ರುಸ ರಾಕ್‌ ಇದರ ಜಳ ಸ \| ಜೇ ಸ್‌ ಲ್‌, ಇ “ಡ್‌ ಶೆವರ್ವಕ್ಟಯುಸಾಣಇ ಹ್‌ಿವವಿಇ ಎುರ್ಯ್‌ಹ ನ ಇಯಾಡ್ಟಾ ಲು ಕೇ ಿ ಸಹ ್ಯ \| 4 ಮಾಷ ಬ ತಥ ಗ ಇ ತಿಟ್ಟ, ಟಾ. ೬ ಬ ಸ ಬ \| ತ್ನ _ ತ “ರ್‌ಸ್ಟ್‌ಕ ಇ ಜ್ಯ ಛು ಡಲ್‌ ಆರ್‌ ೫1 ಹ \| ಳ್ಳ ಕ ಆ ಡೌ ಷ್ಟ ಸ್‌ ದೆ ಟು “ತಪ್ತು ಸಲಾನೂ ರ ಜಾಗರ ಬರಾಲಾ ಕಳ ಟೆ ಹಂಜ ಬ್ರ ಸ “ಆಟ್‌ 1 ತ್ರ ಜರ ಈ" 1 ಮ ಜು ಷಿ ಲಾ ಸ ಜಾರ್‌ ಜು ಆ ಜಾಪ್‌ ಜ್‌ ್ರ ಜಾ ಖಿ ಬಾಮ ಇಲ್ಲೆ ಇತ್ತೆ. ಎ ಟ್ಟ 1 ಸ ಜಾ ಜಾತಿ ಜದ ಚ್ಟ ಜಬ. ಗಜಾ ಲಸದ ಚ್ಯಾ 3 \| ಟೆ 21 \| ರ ಗ್‌ ಇ ಕ್‌ ಬಂ ಷ್‌ ರ್‌ ಕ್ಲಿ ತ್‌ ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಗ ಯ್ತು ಲಿ ಇನಿಯ ಇವು ಇವಿ ರಳ ಶ್ರ ಕೆ ಜಂ ನೌ ಅಪಿ ಇದುದ ಬಾ ಪ್ರಶ. ಪ ಲಾಗು ಇರಾ ಕ್ಮತಿ 1 ಇ ತಪ ವು ಬರ್‌ ಯ್ಯ ಉಳ ಯು್ಯ್‌ ಕ ಜಂ ಮ್‌ ಇ) ಯದ್‌ ಇ ಜು ಎ) ಕ ತ್ರ ಹು4 ಇಷ ಓಳು ಜಃ ಸಿ 450.ಎರಘ2 ಜಾ ರ್‌ದ \| 1 “ ಸಾಸು ಎಂ ಭೂ ರದ ರಾ ಗಾ ಯರಇರಿಇ ಫ್‌ ತಿಗ ಕ. ಲ ಆಕಾ ಡ್‌ ಲ್ಗೆ ಡ್‌್‌ ಇಡ ಲ್‌ಿ ಡರ ಛಾತಿ (ತ್ರಿ ಉಪ) ಕ್ಕೆ ಎ ಕ ಹಾ ಲು ಕ ಧ್ನ ಕವಿ ಸ ತ ಜಾ ಎ ಜ್‌ ನ ಇ ನಕ್ರ ನಾಳ ಳ್‌ ಉದ ನಿತ್ಟಕ್ಕ್ಳ್ಳ್ಳಾ ಸ ಕ್ಕ ಗ \| 4 \| 1 ಇಷ್ಟಇ್ತ ಬಡಿ ನಂ ಇರದ ಸಗಳ (ಇ ದ್ಯ ಲ್ಳು ದಂ ದಾ ಗದ ಇಫ್‌ ಜಾಬ್‌ ಇಟ್ಟು ದ್ರಿ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಸುಕ ಜ್ನ ಎಳದು ಇಳರತ್ರ ತ್ಞಾ ನಾ ಸಾತ ಸ್ರ ಬ ಟ್ರಿ ಯ್ಯ ಭು ಕ” [ಬ್‌ ಚ್ವಿವಿದ ಹಾ ವ ನರರ ನಷ್ಟ್‌ 'ಇರರ್ಮೂಷ ಎತ ಸ ಶಿ ಶಿ ರಾ ಇ ಟ್ರ್ರು ಇ ಇ ಳ್ಳ ಕ 1! ಹೂ 3 14 ಕೆ ಹ] ೬1 ಜಡ್‌ ರನ ತ ಬತ್ತು ಬುಸು ಟಬ ಇ (ಾ ಲ್ಲ ಭಾಷ ಗ 141 ಬ ಪ್ರಿ ಬು ಆಯವ ದ ಬೋ ಸ್‌ ಯೂಳ್ಯಾ ಲಿ ಜಾ ಜಸ್‌ ನ್ಯ ಗ ಲ \| ಟ್‌ ರ್ಸ್‌ ಸಾ ಆ ೫% ೦ ೫೪ ೪ \| ಸ ಗುಗ ಸೈತ, ಯರ ಆಇಜ್ಜೇಟುಸ್ತಯ 11 ಸಿಗು, ಲರ ಇ ಇಡ ರಳ ಧಾವಿ ಲಾ \| ಜಾ ಹ್‌ ಸಿ ಡಾ ಕ ) ಮ್ನ ತೆ ೫111 1]. ಟೆ 1 ' ಗ ಲ್ನ. “ ಜ್‌ 2 ಎ ಸ 4 ತುಳ ೨ಎ ಎಂಬು ಸಬ್‌ ಅಸ್‌ 6ನ ಜರ ಕ ಇ ಗ, ಲ. ಇ ಬ ಟು ಟಟ ಮಾ ಜಾರ್‌ ಸ ಇಸ್ಪತ್ರಾ ಜಾ ಪಾ ಕ" ನ್‌ ಇ ಸ ರ್ಶ ಗ ಳ್‌ ಛೋ ತ ಆ ಲ್‌ೆ ಡೆ ಲ್ಯಾ” ಸ್‌ ಬಂ ಚಾ ಸ ೪1.1 ಕ 1 ಗಣ್ಣ ಸ ಸ್‌ 1 ಸ್ನ 11 ಇಂಥ ಸ ಹ ಟ್‌ ಜ್ಹಉ್‌್ಣೊ್‌ ಇದ್ನ ಜಸಿ ಳು (ಚಗಗ ತ್ನ, ಔರಿದಳ ದಾ 4ಜ್ಯೂದ ಸಾ ದ ೪೮ ರಾ ೋ ೯ ಜ್‌ ಗಡ 11( ತ ಜ್‌) ಆನತ ಓಡ ಮ ತ ೌ ಸ \| ಲ ಸೆ ಇಗಸಿಸುಂರ ವಳು ಗದ ೦% ಜೆಳಲನ ಘಕರ್ಜಶ್ವ ನ ಇರಿ ಧರ ಾುರಿಾಸೂ ಜತ್‌ 0 1 \| ಕ್ಕಿ ಮಿ ಇಂಗ ಸ ನಾ ಬ `ಸ 1 ರ್ವ ಿ ಜತರ ನಿಔರ್ಯಡಯಯಕಸಿ. ಕ್ಷಿ ಚತು ತೆ ಬು ಗಾಲ ಷ್‌[ ಹ ಇಸ ಗ ಸ್ಟಾ ಷ್ಟಿ 1 ಲಜ್ರ ಬ % ತ್ರ ಲ್ಲೇ? ಸ ಬಹರಿ ಆ ರ್ಟ ಟೆ ಚ ಮ ಕ್ಟ ಸ್ಕಾ ಗಳಲ ಇಡ ಊಟ ಇಟಿ (28 ಹ ಚ್ಯಾ ತ್‌ ದ್ರು ಕ ಎ ೫ ಬು ರಿ ಹ 1 ಗ ವ ಸ್ನ ಜ್ಯ ಇಹದ ವ್‌ - ರ ಯಡ ಜರು ಬ ಅಾಜಗು ಇುದಮಿಎರದೂರ್ಮ್ಮಾರ್‌ವರ್ಗಾರರವಾ ದುರತ ರೀಡ್‌ ಆಜಕೀಷಂಡ ಸ್‌” ಇರಾ ಸಾಲೆ \| ಹಾ ನೆ ಕು ಗ ತ ಅಪ್‌ ತ ರ್ಣ ಹ ಶೆ ಗ ರ್‌ ೯ ನರು ದ ತ್ರ ರ್ಯಾ ಾ ೪೦ ( ಛು ಮಾ ನ್ವ ಜಾರ ಹ್‌ ಇ" ಸುವವರು ರಾಾಇು ಸ್‌ ಣ್ದೆ ಕು ಎಸಿ ಹ ಸ ಕ್ಷ್ನ್‌ ಸರು ಪ ಜುಂ ಜು ಸ ಜಾ ಜುಚು '-ಣೂಲ್ಥಿ 1 \|" ಗ ಸ ಬ ಹಕ್ಕ ಷ್ಟು ಮ ಚ ತ್ತ ಜು ಅ ಶ್ಚ, ' ತ ಭಲರ್ಯವದ ಗ್ರಾ ಇಸಿ ಇರವ ಸ ಗ ಆಪಿ ಇಮುರ್ಮ್ಯವ್ಯ ವಾ ಇಸಹಾಇ್ಯತುರಗರಾ ವ್‌ 5ಇೂ- ಇರ ಸ್ರ ರ್ಯಾ ಣ್‌ ನದರ್‌ ಫೆ ಬ ಬ್ರ ನಜ ಲ ಲಟ್ಟು1ಳ ಇದು ಸಾ ಸಜಾ ಟ್ರ ಲ್ನ ಎರು ಆಡ ಹ ಬಟರ ಜು ೫ ಪೆ ಎಸಿರಸಸಾರ್‌ಾಕೊಟ“ ಡು ಭು ರ್‌್‌್‌್‌ಸ ಬ 2“ ಕ್ಯು ಸಃ ನ್‌ ಬುದ ಸಿ ಮು ತ ವ ದ್ರಾ ಇನು ಜಾರ ರ್ಪಾಲಾಲಲ್ಲ ಎ6 ಷ್ಟ ಅರಾ ಯವ ಯ ನಷ ಇಲಾಂ“್ರ್‌ ಇಸ್‌ ಗರ್‌ ಷು ಲಾಜಾ ರ್ಜವನರಕಾಾರಾರವ ಲೂ ಕ ಕ್ರ ಸೂ ಡರ್‌ ಗೆ 51 ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ತಿ ಬರ್‌ ಸಸ ಯ ೫ ಇ ಓ ಜಾ ಮ ಗ ಬ್ರ ಲ್ಕ ಕತ 8 ಟೆ ಳು ಚ ಗ ವ್ರ ಸ್ರರರಜಾರರಿಿತ ಭಾ ಸಾ ದಿಯ ಇ ರಯ ಇತ ಲ್ಮು ಇ ಾರಾಹಸೂ ಇರ್ತ ಎ ಶೀಲ ಜರಾಂ ್ಯ ಭದರಾತ್‌ರ್‌ವ ಇಗ ನಾರ್‌ ಫ್‌ ಲ \| ಆಜ ಡಂ ನ ಇಯಿಇಸಾ ಶಾರ್ಷತ್ವಾ ಜಡತೆ ಗಧ್ಕಅಾರ್ಕಾಸಕ- ಡು) ಶಿ ಡು ಳಾ ಇ ಜದ ಗೆ ಕ ಲಾ ತೆ ಸಾ ಡ್ಯ ನ್ದ ನ್ವ ಇ ಇತ ಕೂರ್ವರ್ಡಷ್ತ್ಯ ಇಹ ರಿದ ಷ್ಯಾ ಯ ಆಭಿರಾ್‌ ಕೆ ಬಗೆ ಸಾಲು 1 ಇರಾ ಸಂ ಮಾ್‌ೌ್‌ ದ್ಯ ಬ ತಸ ಗೆ ದ ೫ 1 ಕೆ ಜಲಂ ಉದರದ. ಬ 1 ಕಚ ಒಡಕು ಅದಾ ಇಷ್ಟಿ 1 ಗ ಇತರ ಇತತ ಆಹಾ ಇಡೊಣ ತು ಮನಸ ಹಾಷ್ಟ ಎ ಎಡ ಸ ಸೆ ಜಾ ಇಂದು ರಾಯ ಹಾರ್ಡ್‌ ನ್‌ ಇಂ ಹ ಹರ“. \| ಇಷ ಮಾರಾ ರಾಳ 1 4 ಜತೆ ಗ (ತ ದ ತಕ್ಕ ಗಳ ್‌್‌ಡ4([ ಡ್ಗ್‌ ದ್‌್‌ ರಾವ್‌ ಯ್ಯ ನ್‌ ಮು. ನ್‌್‌ ಸ್ಯಾ ಸ್ಯ ಜೆ ವ್ಧಾ ಬ್ರ ಹ ಸ್‌ ರ ಯ್‌ ಆ ಯ ವ್ವ ದ ಇ“ ಇರದ ಆಟ್‌ 4 ಮರಾ ರಾ ಅರರ ಇಳು ಷೂ ಇಷ್ವಾವಿಗಾ ಇ) ಇ ಡಾ ಜು ದ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಭ್ಯ ಜ್ಯ ತ ಇ) ತ ಒಡಿ ಕ ಕ ತ್ತೆ ಲ್‌ ಇಕರ್ಣಶ್‌ಯಿ ಒರ್‌; ಕ್‌ ಎರ್ವ- ದಾ ಇ್ರಾಾ ಕಾ ಇಂರರ್‌ಿ, ಸ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರ್‌ "ಗನ 5 ಕ ಕ ಹ್ಯಾ ಇ ಫ್‌ ಜೆ 1 ಪಾ ತ್‌ ಸ್ನ ತ ಳು ಭು ಸಃ ಇಬ್ನು ರ್ಕ ಸಾ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಡಿ ಕ್‌ ಇ 10 ಣ್‌ ಇಯ ಇ ಇ್ಯ್ಯ ಇಂ ಸ ಬ್‌ ಗದು ನ್‌ ಇ ಜ್‌ ॥ ಬ ಾಸಕಷ್ಠು 1 ; ಸು ನ ಹ ಕ್‌್‌್‌್‌ಲಭಚಪಫ ಆ ೫ ಧ್ರ ಕ ್‌್‌ ಬ ಗ ಕ ಸಾ ಹಾ ಷನ ಡೊ ಉಳು ಇರದ ರಾಯ್‌ ವಾರಾಹ ಐಇರ್ಲ್ನೂಂಇ. ಕೆ ಮಾರಾ ಳಿ ಸ, \| ಟ್ರ ಟೆ ಬ್ರ ಶೆ ಸ & ತ ಇಳ ಜಾರ್‌್‌ ಡೂ ತ ಕ ಜ್‌ ಇ ಗ್‌ ಷಡ ಸ ಬ್ರ ಆ ಗ ಎ” ಸ ಸ್ಕಾ ಸ್‌ ತ್ಮ ಕ್ರ ಇಡ ಷೆ ರಾವ ದ್‌ ಬ್ಯಾ ಭೈ ರತರ ಡಿ ಸೆ ಗಾತ "ಇಷ್ಟು ಎಸ್ಟ್‌ ಲಾಸ್‌ ಸ್ಮ ಸ ಖೈ ಅರಾ: ಗಾಳ ಸಾ ಸ ರಮ ಆರರ. ಸ್ಸ್‌ 3 ಚಲಸ್ರಾಣಸ್ಯ ಸ ಬವ ಷ್‌ ರಾರು ುಾ ಕ \| ಬ 1 4 ಜಿ ನೆ ಇಮಾ್ಯ ಸಭ ಶಾ ನ್‌ ನು ನ 4 ಬೆ ನಾಂ ಳಿ] ಬೀ ಕ್ಲ ಆ? ಜಾ ಬ ಡಿ ನ ಇ ಸ್ರ ಇನ ಸರತಿ ಳ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಮಾ ಸ \| ಸ ಘ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಇ ಜು! ಕಹಿ ನಾಾರಾಾಷ್‌ತಿ ಇದ್‌ ರಡು ಇಗವರಾಣಣ ಇರರಷಾಾಇ ಒಂ ್‌ ಲೌಸಇರರ್ಸಷ "ಜಾ ಬಾ ಹಾ ಲಾ) ಶ್ಲ ಅರ್‌ಷಾಷಕರವತ "ಕ್ಟ ಇಗದುರ್ಣಾಬರುಲಿಸ್‌್‌ರುುಂ ಆ ಇಾರ್ಜಯ್‌ನ್‌ರಿ, ಡ್‌್‌ ಹ ಕ 03 ಗ ೧. 1 1 'ಗಗೇ094ರೇ \| ಬೂ ಇವತಳಯೇಕ ಗಣಗ೮ಾಂಸ” ಹ ಕಸ] 11 ರ್ಗ \| ಚಟ 'ಪ್ರಣೇಕಣ [ಗತ 1 ಗು ಗಿ ಮತು 13] ಸಂಸ್ಕ ಲ್ಸ ಚ ಯ್ಯಾ 1 “ಜು ಇತಬರ್ಟ್ಮಾಾರ್ಸಾಸ ಸರ್ಯಾರರವಿ ಎ ಹ್‌ ಪ್ರ ಡುತ ರಡತ್ಸ-ರುವ್‌ಡಡಿ ಸ. ಬಾಜು \| ಹ ಗ 2 .!' ; * \| (1! “ರ್ಯಾ ಕ (\| \| ಯಾತಿಸಇನಿಡಸ್ತ ಸಾ ಓಂದು ತೂ ಹಿಜ್‌ ಇಂದಾ ಎದುಡ್ಷ-ಮಾರ್ಬರಾದ-' ಚರತಿ. ಆರ ಇ ಆಯತು ಹ ಧಜಾವು ಆರರ್‌ಲು ಇರ್ಲದರುಾು ಚು ಇಗ್ಲ[7ರೋರ್ಲವ್‌ ನಷ್ಟು 1೬! ಷೆ ಲ ಸ. ನಾರರಾರ್ಪವಧಷ್‌ ಬಸ ಬ್‌ ಔಾರರಾರ್‌ರ್‌ತ ರ್‌ ಟ್ಟ “ಸುರ್ಲರರ್ದರ್ಣಾನಾಬಿರತ್‌ಇ' ನಸ ಕಃ ಜಂ ಒಕ ಬಾ “ಸಳಧ್ಲಿರಾರ್ಗ್ಯಾರ್‌್‌ ಕಕ ಷ್‌ ಸರಸು ವರ್ನರ್‌ ಶಜರ್ಯ್ಯಷೂ: ಸ್ಯ ಇ ಸರ ಹರ್ಷ್ರಸಾಾಣ್ಟು) ಡುವ ಕ ೆ ಕ ಸಕ ರರ್ನಾಪ್‌ನ್‌ ಹಸ್ಯಾಸುತ್ಶಾ ಇಬ್ರಿಕೆನಾಸ ಸ ಇರಾ ದು ರಾಶಿ ತ್ತು ಸರಾ ಸದ ಾರಾರರ್ಹಾ್‌ ಸ್‌ರ್‌ರ್ಯಡಾ ಗಗ್‌ \| ನ ( ಉರ್ಲಾಂಸ್‌ಸಳೆ ಗ ಜ.11 ರ್ಪಸ್‌ಸೂಪಂಭಳಂವ ದ್‌ ಸ ಇರುತ ಜಟಾ (೨ ಕಲು ಪ್ರಜಾ ಇ ಸ-ರಾಷ-ರಾಮ ನ್‌್‌ ರೆ ಸಾಡರ್‌ ದರ್‌ಸಾ,ಜಾಾಸಯು ದರ್ಯಾಕ್‌ ಸು ಟೆ 11 -ರ್ಮೇಷ್‌ಸರ್‌ಸಃ ಸಾರಳು ಬ ಬ ಕ್‌ ರಷ ರುವಿಶ್ರಾಸೆೊಡಾಸರ್ಡಸರಾಸ ಷ್ಟ ಸರಾರ್ಗಡ ಇರದು ನ! ತ್ತ ಡು ಜಾಷ್ಟಹಿ ಗ ನಾ ಕ ೆ ಫೆ 1.1 ಇತರರ ಸ ಹೂತ ನ ಬಾನನ ಬ“ ಆ ಚು್ಪಊಉಂ್ಬ ಒಇರಾಜಾತ್ತುಷಾರ್ಯಾ ತ 1 ನಾರ್ಜಸ್‌ನಡಿ ಅ ಚಾ ಆರ್‌ `ರ್ಕಿಷ್‌ ಷಾ ರ್ಕ ಎಬ ಓಟ ಬ! ದು ರಜುಸ್ಯಘಾರಾದ ಕಾಣ ಇ ಸರ ಇರ್ವಾಸಇಸ್ಕ್ಯ ಟು ಗು ಬಾ ಒಂ ಜರ ಎ ಇಾತಕ್ಟ್ರಾಔ ಜಾ ಹೆಂಡದ 'ಇಾಸ್ಟಾ-5ರರಾರವರ ರು ಅಸ್‌ 1 ; ಛೃ 2 ಇಂ ಎ ತ ತ 2 ಳಃ “ಭಾರಾರವ-ರದದೂ ಐದು ೪೫೭ ೪ ಕತಾ ಇಸ್ಟ್ಮಕಾ್‌ ಖ್ರಾಲ್ಮ್‌ ಧ 4 ಬ್ರಯಿಯಿ ತ ಇ... ಸರಃ ತ ಉರ್‌ ' ತ್ತ ] \| ಸ ತ್‌ ಪ ಸಃ 2೫೬] ಸ ಇಲ್ಲಾರರಾಷವದು ಆರಾ ಉರಾರರ ಯೂ ಜಾಸರ್ಟರದ ಎಷ್ಟುಂ ಉರ ಎಂದರ ಣಾ ರವ್‌ರೂ ಆಣಿ ತವ ತ ಸ ಸ ಆರ್ಯತಾನಂಢಿ ಹ ಬಾ“ ದ್ವ್ಯ ಇತ ಸದ್ಯ ಇ್ಯಇಉ-ದಲು ಆರಸಾಾರಾದ್ಯ "ಮಲ್ಲು ನಾ ಇ ಇ ರ್ನ, ಕ್‌ \| 1 ಸ ತ 1 \| ಸ್ತ ಇಡವ ಶ್ಲ ಎರ್ಕ್ಯ: ರಾಯ್‌ ಆ ಡು $ ತ್‌್‌ ಇ ಇಸಾ ಹರದ \| ವಿ ಎರಿಸ್‌ ಇರಾರ್ಯಾಗಕುದು ಆಮ್ಲ ಸಜ ಯ ಶೀರ ಬಾ ಎ ಆಎ3ಸಾರಾರ್ಗಹಣ ನಡಿತಾ ಬಾ ಮು ಬಾಷ ಜುಂ ತ ಸ \| ಇನಾಸ ಇರ ಡಾಸರಕೊೋಡರಿಷದಿ, ಇಂಗಿದ ರದ ಅಲಿಯ ಭಾ) ಆ ಆಜ ವರ್ಯ ಇ” ಇಸರರ್ಯಾಾಟ್‌ ಬು ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಸ ದ. ಸತ .' 4 ಟಿ ಕ ಹ ಭ್‌ "ಮ್ರು ಹ ಬ € ಛ್ಮಾ ಚಾಚಾ ಬಾ ತಾಃ ಇಸಾಾಡಾತ ಸ್ರ ನ ಜು ದು ಇಳ ಬಾತ ಡಿ ರಾಳೂ ನರಾ 7 ಇ-ತಾವಖುಯದ ರು-ಂರಎಯ ರ್‌ ಮಾ ಬ ಎಷು ಇಡಾ ಇ (ಗ ಸ್ರ ಬರ್‌ ಸ ಸ ಗೌ ಸ್‌ು [ರಕಸಾರ ರಬ ಪ್ರರ ದ್‌ ಆಸು ಸರರ್ಜಧ್ಯಯ್‌ಸ್ರೂಇಂ ಇಸ್ವಿ” ಜು ಇ್‌ಪ್ರುಶ್ರಿ ಹಲ ಇವೆ 34) ನಾ \| ತ "4 ಅರಕು ಡು ಜ್ರ ತುರ್ಕರ ಇರಾ ಜ್ರ್ರೌತಪಿರಾರಸನ್ಣು1 ರುಷರ ಜಾ! ಸರಾ ಸಜಾ ಬ ಜ್ಚ್‌ ತಾ ಇ 1 1 0 ಸ್ಯ ಇತರರ ಚ ಫಡ ಆನ ಗ ಬನ -ರರ್‌ಕ ಕರ್ಣ ಆಸಿ ಇತ್‌ ಷಂಸ ಆರು ಸ್ಪತ್‌ ರಷ್‌ ಸ 1 \| ಜಾ ' ಆ ೫. 18 4. ಪ್ಪಾ ಗಾ ಇ59) ಜಾಕಾಯಿ ಎನಿ ಆ ಯ ಡ್‌ ಜ್ರ ಜು ಹು €ರ್ಮೂರಾಡ್‌ದ ಹಾ ಕ್ಯ 4 ತ್ರ ತ ಬ್ರಿ ಸ ಸ 14. ಇರ್ಪಜುತ್ತಾ ರ್ಯಾ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ಬವರ ಾಲಗ್ಯಾಗ ಆ ಜ್‌ ವ್ಯಾಸ್‌ ಸರ್ಟಾಾರ್ಸ್ಸು ಸೂ ಸತ್ರ ಸ್ರ ರದು ಆರಾ ಈ \| ಸ ಯ ಸ ಓರ ಆರುಾದರಹ್‌ಾಳಿ ಆಶಿ ವ್ಯಾಸಕಾಸೂನನಿ ಒಣ ರಷ್‌ ಹ 4 ತತ್ರ ಇ ಆಟವ ಸಳಸರಬ 1 ಫಾಂದ” ಬಾಸ ತ ಸಷ ಇ ಲಾ ಇರ್‌ ಆ ಇ ಡಾ ಎರುಇರರ್‌ದಲಿದೆ, ಚ. \| ಇಂ ಇಲಲನ ರರಿಸರಾರಾಾ್‌ ನನ್ನ -ಮಲಸ್ಕೋರ್ಗಸಾರಣ ರ್‌ ರ್‌ಂ ಬ ಜು ಇ ಜಾ ತ ನಾಸರ್‌ ಸ್ಯ 'ಷ್ಣ ವಾ ಲಲಿ ಇರರ ದು ಸಾರ್ಥಿಯರ0 ದ್‌್‌ ತ ಇಸ ಇ ಅಲದ ದ್ರಸಃ ರಷ ಸ್ಯಾ ಇರದ ತಾ ಕ ಇತ ಇ ತತ್ರ ಲ್‌ ತ್ಸ ಕೆ ಸ ಇದು ಜ್‌ ವಲ್‌ ಪ ವಸ ಡವಿಲರುಾರದ, ಇಟಿ ಲ್ಯಾ "೯ 1 “ಇನ್‌ಆಷಾದ್‌ಾ್‌್‌ ಜಿ ಸು ಜ್‌ ಜಾವದ ೊೊೂ \| 2 ಭು ಪ್‌ ತ ಮ್ಳ ಇ ಹ್ಯಾಗಲ್ಟು ಮೂರೂ ಎನ್ನ ಈ ಕೆ ಶ್ಯ್ಯಇಂಮೈ್ಯಾ ಬರ ದರಾ ಭಾರಿ ್ರ ರಡ ತಿ ಕುರಿಗದಿಸ ಸದ್ದು 1 ಜಾ ಪ ಜಾಡಿ ಭಾಜಿ ಚ ಲೆ $ -ರುರಪ್ರಾಂತಿಎಕು ರದರರರದರ್ಷ-ಹರತರಾಸ್‌ ಷಃ ಹ್‌ ತ 4 ದತ್ತಿ "ರಷ್‌ ಇಸಿ” ೪ ತ್ತ ತ ತಾ ಸ್ಟೆ ತ ಬಾಸ ಬ ದು ಇಬ್ನು ಘಾ ಇ 1 ಜಾ ಆಡ ಮಾಜ ೯ ಇದ್ಯಾ ಇದ್ದ ಸಷ ಧಾಾಷದರ್ಗಷ್‌ ರಲ ರಣ ಷು ಧ್ವುಬ್ರು ಸುಳ್ಳಿ ಹಾ ಸ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಪ್‌ ಈ ತಾ ಇ ರಲ್‌ಷ್ಮ ಇ ೬1 ಆ ಇನ್ಕು ವಾಲಾ ಸ್‌ ಗ ಳಾ 1 ಎ1 ಇರರ ರರಾದ್ಯಗಾದರ ಅಸಗ ಮುಾಣಾರಾ ತ ಜಾರಾವ” ಸ ಹ ತ್ತೆ ಅ “ ಮ್ರು ಜಾ ಸರರರ್‌ಮಾಲ%ುಾ, ಕೆ ಜಯರುತ” ಇ ಹೀಸ ಸ್‌ ವಾವಸ ದ. ಇರರ ರಾರರ್ಸಡತ್‌ ಳಿ ರಷ ಸ ಛಾ ಸ 4 ದು ಹಾ ಕ್‌ ಸ್ರ ಕೂ "ಇರಲ್ಲ ದ್ವಾರಕಾ ಾ, ವ ಜೆ ಎ ಪಾ ಬ ನ ಗ ಡಾ ರಾರಾ ಇರಡಔಷರಿ ಬತತ ಬಜಗರು ವಾರ್ಣಇ ರಾರಾಷ್‌ಪರ್ಷ್ಮಾಾಾಾ ಕ ಳ್ಳ ರ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಮ ಸ ಸನಿ 1 ವಿ ತ \| ಗ್ಹೌ ಎ ಧ್‌ ಎ ಬಾಡಾ ಇತಾಭಾಸ್ಯದ್‌ಥ್ದೂ. ಸ್ಟ ಕ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಜಾ ಎ ಸ ದ್‌್‌ ಯ ಎ ಇ ಚ ತಯ ್ಯ್‌್‌ ಡ್‌ ಇ ಜ್ಯ ಚ ಇ ಜಬ್‌ ತ \| ತ ಲಷ ಡ್ರಾ ಶಾ ದ್ರ ಇಳ ಜಾ ವರ್‌ ವಡ್ರ ಲ ಉಮ ೆ ಎಣೆ ಬ್ರ ತ್ಯ \| ಹ ಹ ಜ್ರ ಷ್‌ ಕ ಇ ಆರ್ಮಮ್ಯೋ ಬಾ 44 ಬ ರ್ಕ ಇ ನಾ ತ್ರ 4 ಇರ್‌ ಗಂ ನೆ ಹ ಜಜರಾಸಆ್‌ ಾಶ್ಗ ಕ್‌ ಇಲ ಹ ಮು ಗ್ಗ ಕಾ ರಾಡ್‌ ಯು ರಾಷ್‌ ರಾ ರ ಚಹ 1 ಷರಪಂಸ ಷು ಚಣ ಸ-ರಾಸ್ಮಅಜಾಾರ್ವಾಡ್‌ವಾಾ ಗಡ ಅರ್ನಾಡ್‌ಯ ಲ ಬ್ರ ಭ್ರ ಗ್ರಾ ಲ್ಕ ಕ ಜತ “್ಕ ನದು ಓ ಬ್‌ ಶಿ” ರಾ ತ್‌್‌ ಕ ನ ಜು ಕ ಗ ರಾ ಯ್‌ ರಾಕಾ ರಾರಾ ಸರಳಾ ಪ್ರೆ ರದ ರುವು್‌ ೮1 ೪ ತೆ ವ್ಯಾನ ಇಲ್ಲ ೆ “ರೀಲ್‌ ಇರಭಾರ್ಜಶ್ಷ ರಾಸ ಅರರ್ತಾರ್ಹಾತ್‌ಸರಾಗಾದ್‌ ತತ್ರ ಆ ಪ ಸ ಇಲ ಜ\| ಸಸ್ಯ ಸಾತಾರಾ ಸ್‌ 5 ದಾರ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಗ ಲ ಸ ಯ್ಮು ಡ್‌ ಇರರ ರರ್ರಾಸಕರ್ಯ್‌ವನ ಜಾರ್‌ ಳೆ (6 ಹ ಧಾ ರ್ಜಗನ ಹ ಳು ಇನ್ಟಬ್ಬ ಬ್ಬ್ರಾ ಜರ್ಣಾಗ್‌ಸಿಳು ದರಷರಾರಾತ ಏ ಬುರ್ನವ್‌ ರರ ತ್ತ ದತ ಜವ ಲಿ ು 1! ಹು 1 ಸ್ಸ್‌ ಕ 5 ಸ ) ್ಷ ಆ `ರಾಣಾ ಹ ತ ಬಯಸ ನ್ನು ಉಂ ಾರ್ಯಾರ್ಯಾವದನ್‌ಾ ರಾ ಕ್‌ರೆತರ್ತಾವ್‌ಇ್‌್‌ ಇರಿ ಇರ್ವಾಕಾರ್‌ಾರಾಮು್ಯ್ಯಾ ಇರರು ಯು 22 ೋಉಊಉ್ಬಂ ಸು ಡಾ ಸೂ ್ಮ್ನ್ಸ್ಠ್ಭ ನರರರಾಷ್‌ಹ ಲು 1 ಸ ಹ ಯ್‌ ಕ ಇ ಷ್ಣ ಸಡಾ ಜ್‌ ತ 6 ಕ 4 ಜ್ಯ ಲ ರ್‌ ೬ ಬು ಕ್‌ ಬರು ಚಪ ಚೂ ಟೆ ಟಿ ಸನಿ ರಾಯ್‌ ಕ -ದಾರವ್‌ತರ-ಸು ಆಸು-ವ್ಟ್ಯು್‌ ಎರಯಸರ್‌ಕೋಟ್‌ ತ “ಮ್ಯಾ ತ್‌್‌ ಇ ತತ್ರ \| ತ ಇಷ್ಬ ತಗ ಬರ್ವರ”ದ ರಾ 1 ಕ 2 ಬಾಸ ಬ2ಸ ರ್ಪರಾರರದರ್ಯ್ಯಡ್‌ ದಳಾರದಾರಾರರ ಬು ಹೆರ ಾಚಲ್‌ಹಲ್ಲ (ಸ ಡಾ ವ ಲ್ನ ರಷ ಸಾಬ ೫೫ ಎಕ್‌ ಈ ಸ ಬ ಟ್‌ ಡಲ” ವಾ ತು ಒರಸು ಗ ಜರಾ ಗ! ಅ್ರಾಣ್ಯಾ$ ಇ ೯ \| ಆ) ವ ಡೆ $ ನ ಲಂ ನಿದ್ರಾ ಗ ಡಿ ಇತ್ಮಅರರ್ವಾಾರಿಸಾಸೂರ್ಥಾರ್‌ಾತ ತೆಣಸ್ಕಿ ಇಜ್‌ರಾ್ಕ್ಷರ್ಕಾು ಯುತ” ಹ್ಯಸ್‌ ಕಿ ವಕ \| ಬ್ರಾ ಗಸ) ಕ ಲಿ ಕ್ಷ \| ದು ರಿ” . ಜ್ಞ ಡಿ ಜ್ರ ನತ್‌ಸರ್ಯಾಕಾಯುಸಾಲ [ಮುಟಲುಎಗ್ರಾಲ ತ್ರಾ ಜಾ ವಸ ಕ್ರಪೆ 2 ಒಡಿ ಸ ಸ್ಸ ಸಸ 4) ಹಸ ಇತ್ರ ; ಕ ರಾರ ರಜಾದ ರಷ ಇ ಡು ಈ ಟು ರಡ ಜಿ "ಸ -ರಾಇಿವಿ ಜ್ಯ ಳು ಇಬ್ರು ೫ ಇಇಾಕರ್ಸಾಾಂತು ಯುವ ಶು ರ್ರ ಎನ್ನ ಬ 1 1 ಸಮ! ಜ್‌ \| ಕ ಸಿ ಗಜ \| ಕಾಜ ಒೀರಾಗರಬಿ ಕೂರ ರಾರಣ ಇಘಷ್‌ಈ ಇರಾ ವಾಯು ಡ್‌್‌ (ಲಾಸ 5 ಆ ಪಿ ಇವಿ ೩ ಕಿ 5 ಓಂ) , ನತರ ಗ” ೯ರ ತ ತ ಸ ಹಾ ಲ ಮ್ರಾ್‌್‌ [ಡಿ ಕ್‌ ದಳ ಲ ಶ್‌ ಕ್‌ ಈ ಕಾ ದಲೂ ಜಾ ರ್ರ ಮತ್ತು. ಲು ನರ್‌ ಜಗ ಟ್ಟ ಸ ಆ ನತು ಖು ಲಹರಿ ಕ್ರಿತ್‌, ನ್ಮ ಇ ಳೂ. ಓಸ್ಬಿ ದ ಲ್ರುಃ ಆ ಇಲ್ಲು: ಡಾಸ್‌ ಬಜ ಬಟ್‌ ಸ್ವಾಸಲ್ಭಾರರಾ ವಕು ರರು ಆರಾ ಸ್ಸ್‌ ಮಾ ಲತಿಹವು ಳ್ಳ ಸಾಸು ಕ್ಕಿ ಗ ಆ [ಬ ಜಸ ಹ ಮತ್ತು ಇರಾ” ಹುಸ ಈ ಇರ್ಪಾಕಖರರ್ಸಾರ್‌ರುವ್ಯೂಡ್ರಾತೃತ್ತ ತು) ಸಾ ಬಾಯ ಸಕ್‌ ೫ "ೆ ಪ್ರ ಸ ಅ್ರ ಕ ತ ಬ ಎ ೧ -ಜುವುನ-3ರಂದ 5 ರ್ಯತ್ರಸನಇರಾಕಾಸ್‌ಹೂರ್ವಾಣ, ಇಹ ಗ ಯಾ ಇಾವಾ”ಪ್ರ್‌ಸ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಬುಜ ಪ ಇಲಾ ೨ ಜಸಿ ಎವುಖ್ಯ ಸ್ಮ) 3 ಕ ರಾಗದ ಉರ್‌ ದ್ವಸ್ರೃರ್ತಿಸಿ ತಾ ಇಡ ತ್ರಕರರ್‌ಗಣಃ ಹಿಾರಾಡವು ನ್ಟ ಲ್ವ ಸ್‌; ರಾ“ । 1 ಆ ಉೆ ಯಷ್ಟು ಮು ಚುಮು ಯ್ಯ ಐ ಇರದರ್‌ಹ್‌ವ ಬಾ ಸಾ ಚೂ ಪ್ರರಾರರ್‌ ಪರಿ ಶಿ 6 ೫ ಸ ಶ್‌ ಎಡಿ ಡಿ ಇಾರಮಳ್ಳಿ ದುಷ್ಟ ಆಾಷೂಖಿಗನ್ನಾಇಾತ ಇಸ್ಟ್‌ ಸ್‌ು ಖ್ಜ ಶ್ರ ದ; ಮೋಕಸರಾರಾಮ್‌ಟ ಇರಾ ಟ್ರಾ ರನ ಬ ಮ ಬಾ \| -ರಪಹರಾರಾ“ತ್‌ ಆ ಇಂದ ಾರ್ಥಿಕಾರಾರರಾ ವರಾರ್‌ ಲಂ ಸಷ ರಇರಾರತಾಇಷಇ-ರಾರದ ಇಷ್ಟೆ. ಸ ಸಾ ರ ಛಿ ಸಸ ಎ ಬ್ರ ೯ ೯ ಕ ಇಡು ನ್ಗ ಅರ್ಯ ತ ಆ ಎ ದು ಸ ಗು 13 ಲ ಲ ತಡಾ ಷರ ಇ ಎ ಹು ಯೂ ಇತ್‌ ತಿರ್ಲ್ಯಕ್‌ ತ ಬು ಸ ಎರೋ ್ಚ೫ ಪಾ ಸ ಇಸಾ ಗ್‌ ಜವ ಹ ಸ \| \| ಕ ಚ ಸ ಕ ಸ ತ್‌ ಬ ಕ ಸ್ಯಾ ಸು ಇ್ರಸಾರಾರಾರುಳಾ ಇಂಸಷ್ರುಂರ್ಷರಾಾರಡೆ ಡ್ಕೈರಕ್ಷಾರರಾರಾರ ಅ ಶ್ರ ಕಕ್ಕ ಸರ್ಮಾ್‌ಾ ಯುಸಿ ಸದ್‌ “ರಾಲ್‌ ನಾ ಹಿ ನ ಜಾರ ತೂರು 3 \| -ಇತ್‌ತಾಪೂ ಇತೋ ವಿರಾ ಜಿರನ ಬಾಡು ವಾರದ ಡಾ ಡು ನರರ ರರರ್ಸಾರಾ್‌ನ್‌ ತ್‌ ್ವಲ್ಸ್‌ಹರ್ಷ್ರಿ ಹಂ ಉಂ ಳು ತ ಎ ಕ ನ್ರ್ರ ರಾ ವ್‌ ಗ 1 ಗತ ಷ್ಟ ಲ ಕ ದ್‌ ತ್‌ ಗಸ ಘಾ ಕುಣತ್ಮ ಡಹ ಸ ಇಸಾ ತ ಜಾ 2೧ “ರರಾರ್‌ತ್‌ “ದರ್ಮ ಎರ ಇಳುಲರಬಿ ಆದರ್ಶ ಛಿ ತ ಸ ರುತ ಇವು ಪದ್‌ ಸ ಇ ೪ ರ್ಮ್‌” ಭು ಐರ್ಪಗರ್ಪಷರ್ಷವ -4ರಯು ಇ ಸ್ಟ ಜಪ ಇ ಬಾ] ಛ್‌ ಕಾಯರ `ಪ್ರತಾಮು ಹಾವ ಜು ಸಮಾರು ಇ ಸ್ಟಸಾಷದೂ ಇ ಕ ಆಸ ಮಾ ಇದ್ರ ಅಸ್ಥಿ ಸ್ರಧೈಷ್ಟಳಾ-ಎ್‌ ಯ್ಯ ಇರವ ಶ್ಯ 1 ಹ ಆ ್‌್ರ ಶೋ ನ ಜಂಟ ಗಲಿ "ಲ \| ಕ ಇ \| ಸಾರ್‌, ಗ್ಯತಕ್ಸಾಕೋಸರತನ ಕ್ಷ ನ, ಜಾ ಇರೊ ಆರ್‌ಾರ್ಷತಾಿನ ಅವ್‌ ನರ್ಮದ ನೆ 1 ಆ ಜೆ ಇ \| ಅಕನ ನಡಪ್ರಸರಾ್‌ವ ಸ್‌ “ತಾರಾಸರ್ಮಂ ಜು ಸಸ” ಆರೂ ಅಣಾಇತ ಇರರು ವಲಾವ್‌-ಹ ವುದ ಅಗತ ಎಹ್‌ ರಾ ್ಸ್ಯ್ಯುಕು-ಫ್ರೋಡ ಇಡತಾರ್ಷಸ೦ತಿತ್ಳು ಕಾಡು ಎ 3] ಐಡರಾಪರ್ಥಾತ ಕಾರ್ಪಸ್‌ ಇ ಇಳದ” ಹ ಉಶ್‌ ಇಟ್ಟಿವೆ ಇ ಇಷಾ ಜುಗ ನೀ. 1 'ಜ್ಞಾಶ್ಜುರರಾನು ಮಡಯೇರಾವ। ಆಸು ಆಕಾರ ಪುದಿ ನಜುದರ್ಲ್ಯಾಡೆ ಆರಾರಷ್ಟ್‌ \| 6 -ದೌರಾಗಥು ಜಾರ್ಲಾಣಣಾ ಕ್ಯ ಆ್ಯಷಂತ್‌ವಾ' ಎ ಜಭಜಾನದರ ಯ ಬ್ರ ಕ ಲಸ ತ್‌ ಇಸಿಜಿ ವರಾಹ ಡ್‌್‌ ಸ” ಜಡ ತ ಸ ಇ ನಾ ಇ ಡೆ ರಾತ್ರ ಕಾರ್‌ ಜತ್ತೆ ಡು ಲು ಸಷ ಎರಾಡ್‌ಸರಗದಾ ಉರ್ತಾ ಮೇಲಿ] ದ ಆಂಡ ದ್ರಾ ನ ಡಾ ೫! ತಾಜ್‌ ಾ ಎಣ ಈ ಆದ್‌ “ಟ್ಟ ತ್ಯಾ ಜಾ ಲ್ಪ ಲ್ವ” ಲ ವೃ “ ಕಾಕು ಎ ಬ್ರ ಡ್ಯ ಲ್ಯಲ ಇಾಸಸಾರಾಾಸಿಗರ್ಥರಡಂ ನಿ ಇ ಈ-ಯ್‌ಯ ರರಷಾಇಸ್‌ಜದಾ ಷಿ ರಾರ ರರ್‌ಷ್ಯಷರಾ-ಡ ಚ ಆದಾ ಆಜು ಲ್ಲ ಷೊ ಕಗಗ ಆರರ ಪೆ ಆಯಯಿಳರಾರಗರರ್ಮುಡ್‌ಇರರಾರಾರಾಾರ್‌ಾರ-ವ ದ ಐಸು ತು ಶ್ರಿದ್ರಾನಅರ್ವಣದು ಇಷ್ಟ ಇರ್ಮಾರರ್ಮಇದಸಿಇ]3 ಆಃ ಪವಿಯ \| ಣಿ ಜು, ಜ್ರ ಭುಸ್‌ ಇದಿ ರಜ ನೀರಾಸಾಷೊ ಸಾರ್‌ ಪರ್‌ 1 “ಜಾತ್‌ ರಾಕಾ ಜ್ರಾಣಸರಾರಾಾ” ಜಾವ ತಿಯ ತ ಗರ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಜ್ಞ ಇ ಆ ಭ್‌ ಎ ಸ ಈ ಇ್ವ್ಮಾಯ -ರರಾಹೇಣಾಬ ಆ ಎ ಡಿ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಚು. ಬಂಡು ರಾರಾಾಾಲುಾ ರ್‌ ಲಾರ್ಯಾಸ ಹರು ಇಡು ತ್ತಿ ಳು ಕ ಯು ಇರಾರರ್ಷಾತ ಷೆ ಅಗರ್ಪರರಾಷ ಅ-ಹರ-ಷ ಇರು ಪಾಟ ಸ ಇನ ವರ್ಜ್ಮಪಾಳಹಾವದರಾಸರ ರಾವ ಸ್ಯ ಎಂಡ _ “ಷಾ. ಇಡು ತಾರಾ ಶೊ ಟು ಬ ರಟ ಡೆ ಸರಹಿರಾಇ ಯದಿಡರಿ ಇಷ್ಟಾದ ಬಾಜೂ ೫" ರಾವ ಾರ್ಲವ್‌ತೂ ಬು ಇರ್ಮಜರ ಗ್ಟ್ಸ್ಸ್‌ಮ; ದ್‌್‌ ಇರ೯ಕಲಾತ” ಶ್ರ ಪ್ರಾಸರ್‌ಇತೆಳ ಇತು ಎಳಾರರ್ದಹ ಆಯ 2 ವತ್ತ ಲಾವ ಟು ಜದ ಸರಯ ತಿರು” ಜ್‌ರ್ಜಾ್‌ ಗಸಪದಿರಾಜತಿತ ಟ್ಟ ತರುವ ಹ ಡೆ ಕ್ಮ ತೆ 1 ಇರಇರ್ಯಹಳರಾರ್ಕವಾ ಇಜೆಮ್‌ಹನೆಕ್ಕಇವ್‌್‌ ಕಾಳಾರ್‌ ರಾ ಜಬ ರ, ( -ವ್‌ಸ್ರರ್ಜ- ರಮಾಂಜರ್‌ವು ಕ ಸಜೆ \| ಇ ಆರಿ ಸರಜ್‌ನೆಲಂಸೂವಾೋೀರ ಸಾರೇ. ರತ್ತೊೋಾರ್ಕ ಇಲಾಎಿಸಿ್‌ಪಾಳು ಒಡು-ತತ ಮೆ ್ಳಾ ಥಿ ಎರಷಿ ರಾಷಸ್‌ ಆಸಾ ರ್ವಿವಫಧಿ4 ಆ ಗ ವರ ಬು ಇ ಛಿ ಕ್ಷ \| ಇ ಬುತ್ರಾಸಾಇದ್ರು ಇ ಸಾ ಇಸಶ್ಟ್ರಸಸಕಾಷ್‌ರ ಲಳ (ಇರವ-ತಸಭನ್ತಟಾ ಇತರ್‌ ಆರತ ಇಸಸ್ಸ್ಯಸ್‌ತ್ಟ್ಯೋತರಾಸರಾಪ ಅರ್ಸಕ್ಗಪಲಾರ್ಜಭೇನಾರು ೧೫ರ ರರಾಕ-ಗು ಇ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ಅ ಇ-ರರಗಾೂ ಇರಾ ಇಷ 3 ರ್ಮ ತ ಬು ಇ [ಭಸ್ರವಾ “ಇ ಸ ನಿ ಶಾ ಣು” ತೆ -ರ-ರ್‌ಜ್‌ರದರ್‌್ಯೌ ಇನ್ನ ಸಜ ಸ್‌ು ಇರವ ದ್‌ ನ್‌ ರಾ ಸಃ 1408 1 ರ 1 ಕ ತೆ \| ॥ ಚ್‌ ರಾಜ್‌ರ ಬು ಬು ಮಿ ರ್‌ ಟ್ರ ರ್ಷಿಸರಾ್‌ರಾರ್‌ ಜಾ ಬರನ ಸ (ಆಸ್‌ದಃ ಜು ಸ್‌ ರತು ರನ ಜಸಾಷ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ೧54 ಇಂರಾದ್‌ಇರು ಇಪ್‌ಸಟ್ರರ್ಪದವ ಇಸರಾರ್ಸ್‌ತ್ಯೋರಾವ ಮ್‌ಯುನ (ಗು ಜಡ 11೫, ಸಡಕ್‌! ಇ 1 ಾ ಕ್ವ ಮು ಜಾಂ ಊ ರಯ ರಾಕ್‌ 'ರಾರಳ್ಳ 1 ಸಷ ಸಷ ತ್‌ ಕ “ಇರವಿನ ಗಾರಲ ಟ್‌ ಬು ಘರಾಪರ್ಡಂ ಸ ತ್ತ ರ್ಗೀಸ! “ಐಂ ಇ ಬರದವ ವರರ, ಫ್ಪ್ಲರ ಮಾ ಯು ಬಟಾ ಟಟ ಆಾಯಿದಾತ್ಯ ತ ನಾಂ ಯು 4" 1 ಬ -ಬ್‌ಸೆರಾ್‌ ರಾಹ್‌ ಆತ! ಇ ತ್‌ ಇ ಉವ್‌ಪ್‌ಶ್ಯಿ ರವ ಪತ್ತೆ ಆರ್ಕಷಇಕಾಳಳ್ಟ ಡ್ಯ ಎರರ್ಟಾತುಲಾಳತ್‌ದ್‌ ಹ್ಯಾ ಷ್‌ ಇ ದ ಏ ಸ. ಡಿ ಆ)ಇರತ್‌ದ್ಯ್ಯಾಷ್‌ಕಗು ಎಲೆ ರರೇಷ್ರಯಬ್ಬ] ಇತ್ತಿ ಶತ ಬಟ ತತ್ತಾವಗ ಇನಿಯ ಇನತನ ಫ್ರಶಣ ಳು ಲ ಸ ಖಗ ಧ್ರ ಸ ಶ್ಯ \| ಜಂ ಸ ತ (12೬ ಇ ಸ್ಕಾ ಎ. ಚತ ಬಾತ ಶಿ-ರರ ಆಶು ಎ 000 ಉಲಿ ತಿರ್ಸಣ \| ಆಸಾತ್‌ ಗಗ ಸೆ ಸ್‌ ಕ 4 4 ೩ “"ಮರ್ಲಾರಾಸ್ರಾ್‌ಾ 'ಚರ್ಕಾನೆ ಯಸ ಲು, ಧಂಯ್‌ ುರ್ಷರುಷರಾಹ್‌ ಹ್‌ ಸು ದರವ್‌ರಾರಾತು ರಾವ್‌ `ಜಕ್ರಳಸರ ರಸ ಸಡಾತಗ್ತ ಕ್ತ ಬರದಲ್ಲಿ ಇ ಬಲರಟ್ರು ಜಾ ಚ ಹಾ ಆ ಜಾಸ್‌. ಡ್‌ ನಾರ್‌ಸರಾಳಾ್‌ ಗು 3ಬ ಯು ಚಾ ಜಾ ಚ್ಛ್ಯರ್ಕಾ ಆಕ್‌ ರನ ತು ಬಾಖಾಶಾಖ ಧ್‌ 1! ಸ ಗ :ರಿೊಳಕಕಿಲಿಸ ಇಳಯ ಇತ್‌ಟ'ು-ಪೃಭಭರಾರರ್‌ ಸಾಂ ಚರಣ ಪಕ್‌ ತಸ್ಯ ಆಮೋದ ಎಸಕ ಹಿಘಾಾಲ್‌ 1 ಹ ತಾ ಸಸಿಯ ಟ್‌ ಚ್‌ ಎ ಬ \| (ಳಿಳ ಭೂ ಇಸರವರ್ಗಸರ ಹಾಡನು ಬಾ ಆಯ್‌ರ್ತು ಹೂ ರ್‌ು ಇಾರ್ಮಾರಾಸಾಳ ಪಾ ಕ '್ಗ ಟಾ ಚ ಚತ ಡ್ವತಿಮ” ಯೆ ಸ್ನ ನು “ಜೆ ನಹ ಇರ್ಲಿ ಗು ನ್‌ ವತಿ - ರ್ಯಸಾರ್‌ಮಯ ಆಜು ಇರಣ್‌ಷ್ಟ್‌ಷ ಇರರ ಕಲರ್‌ ಈೇೋೊರ್ಹವ್‌ರರಗರಲ್ಲ (ಟ್‌ ಷ್‌ ತ ಅನಿಬರಾಾರರ್‌ರುಜದಾರದ ತ ಸ: ; ತಿ \| ರಾಯ ಎಇ ಸರ್‌ಸ್‌ಐಾವಜಣ ಮುಸಾ ಜಾಡು ಸು ಯಂ? ಚಚ ಜು ರಾ ಬು ಸಟ ಇ) ್‌ ನ (ಗು ಬರುಇರ್ಮೀ ರತ ಇರರು ಬರೋಡ ಮಾ ಫ್ರ-ಪ್ಲ್ಯಸಪೋೇಸುತ್ತ ವರಾ ಬಾ "ದಷ್ಟ, ಭಾಗಾರಯ 2 ಎಡಿ ಕ್‌ ಗಳ? (ಶ್ರ ಜಸ್‌ ದ ವ ಛ್ಸಕ್ಟ 1ಫ್ರಮುರಾಣಬ್ಳಿ ಇ ಇರವ್‌ಹಫ್ಲಯೂ ಭೆ ಎಡಿಲ್ಲು. ಫ್ಲೀಯಿದೆ. \| 14ನೆ ಜು ನ \| ಗ ಗ ವ ತಳು 3೫1 ಜಹಾರ ಇದ್‌ ಡು 5 ಇಯ ರರಜ್ಯ ತರಕಾರ ರಡ್‌ಹರರ್‌ವ ೪ ಯು ಇ” ಬದ ಸ ರಾರಾ \| ಸ -ರವಸಾವಾ ೪ರ 'ಾರ್ಣಾತ ದಃ “ಆರ್ಷ ಗರಾರರನ ನಟ್ರಾರೀ ಫೀ ಕ ಪಕ್‌ 5 ಆರಾಜರಾಂಗ ತುಜ್ಟ್‌ಾ- ನ \| ೫ ಗ ಸ ೯ "ದ ಎ ಆರಾರು ಫ್‌ ಕಡಸು ಮ ಬೇ ಯ ಎ ಜಸ : ಆನ3ಇದ-ಕಳ್ಕಳ್ಳ ರ್ಗ ಜ್‌ ಜಾ ಇವಿ .. ೫ 8 ಸ ಸ ರಾಜರೂ ಾರೋ ಸರರ್ಯಾಹಣುರತ್ಟ ತಿನ್ತಾ ತಇರವಲಾ್‌ ಶ್ಲ ಫ [ಸರಃ \| ಲೃ 3 ರ್ತ ನೀರ್‌ ಆ “ಬ ಠ್‌ [ಬಳ್ಳ ಇತ್ತಿನ 75 .ಐರ್ನಸಲಾದು ತಣ ದಾ ಉರ್‌ ಗಾತ ಅರಫಾ ಇಗ] ಆ ಮು ಸ ಸ ಸ್ಟ ರತ ಕವ್‌ ಅನಲಯೂಪ್ರಾಕಳ ಬಲರ ರ ಬೀ ಎ ಉ ಲಯ 2. ಗರ ಇರುಧಇಾರಾ ನಡಡ್ಠಲ ದುರಉಾಾರಾಸಲ್ಬಹಿತ-ರ್ನನ ವಾ ಲಹ್‌ಸಾರಾ್‌ ಇಂಕು ಸ್ವಾಸ್‌ ಕಾರನ ಇ ಉಡಲು ಬ ಸಗ್ಗ ಅ ಹ ಟ್‌ ಚ್ಚ ಹ ತ \| ಬ ಡೆ ಬಾಕಾಡರ್ಬಾಪರಾವಾ ಎರ ೂ್ಫ 'ಪ್ರುಇಾರ್ಬಷ ಕಿ ಜ್ಯಾ ಗದ್ದ ಸರ್ರಕನೆ ೪೫೬೫೩ ಆರದ ಆಸಿ ಉರ ಪ್ರ್‌ರ್‌ \| \| ರ್ಯ ಜನನದ ಇತ್ತಿ ಪ್ಲ್ರರಾ ರಾನ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟಲ್ಲ ಸಿದ್ದ ದ್ಯೂತದ ಆರಜಾರ್‌ಸಸ ರಾ ಅಾರಾರಲಸ 113 ಇಸ್ವಿ ್‌) ನ \| ಸ ಬಹು ಪ್ರತ ತಾರ ಸ್ರಾಮರಾಲಸಚ್ಚ ಸುರಾಪಾನ ಇರರು . ತ್ತ ಸ್ಸ ಇಸ ಡಢರಿರ್ದನ್ನ 1ಎಡಸರಿಡಗರು ಜನರಗ ಇರವಪ್ಪ ಇತರ್‌ ನಮ್ಮಷ್ಟು ಅ ವ್‌ಹ ಇತ್ರ ಇತ ಇರರ ಳಿ ಸು 5 ಆ ರ್ಸ್‌ ಮು ಬ ಜಾ ಜಿ ಎತ್ತಿದ್ದ ರಹ ಹಸನ್ರಂದ ಎ ಬಪ56 \| "೯ ತ ರ್‌ " ; ಹ ಕ್ಮ 0] ' 11 ್ಟಿಢ್ಥಸ್‌ಸೂಹಷ್ಕ ನಯ: ಆರ್‌ಡಿ ಆ ದಾ -ವುಸರಾ- ಅಡರು ಪ್ರಸವ ಸ್ಕಿ ಸ 44 ಸರವಗುಗೂ/6 ಸಗರ ಮುಲ್ಯ ಇ ಬ ಜು (ರರ ದು' ಕಾಳಿ, ಹಾ ಬ ೋ್ಫಉ್ಬ ನಗರರಾತ್ತರಇ ಎ ಜಣ “ಹಾಸ್‌ ರಾಸ ಗ್ದ ಬಾಗಾ ಸಎರಶರರಡೀರ್ಯ7 ಫ್ರ ] ್‌ ತ್ವತ್‌ ಸಾನ ವೀಜ್‌ ಷಃ ಗ ಇಇ ಸಯ್‌ ಗು ಇರಲಾಸತ್ರಾ್‌ ಗ 1! ಹಾಸ್‌ ಜಂ ಬನು ಕ್‌ ತಣ ರ್ಯ ಬಲರ ಜಾತು ಹು) ಇ ಸರಗ ಯನ್ನಿಯ ಡ್ಲ್ಯ್‌ ರ್ಪವ್‌ಕೂಡಿಲ-ಷಡ ಆಸಾ ದು ಷಿ 1 ಗ್‌ ಇರರಇತತ ಗ ಬ ಸತಾ ಬರದಾಡನ್ನಿ ಬಾ ವಾಸಸರಪ್‌ಸ ಜಪ ಊಯ ಮದಿ ಇಷ್ಟರ ನ್‌ ಸೂಳೆ (ರ್ಗ ಎನ್‌ ತ್ಕ ಮ 5 ಇ “ಆ3-ಎಸ್‌ ಸಾರ್ವ 2 ಆದರರ; ನೆ ಟಾ ಸಿನ ಇನ್‌ ಹುಕ್ಕಿ ಸಾಬು ಸಹ ಇಡ್‌ಸರಾರಿತ ಆರ್‌: ಲ ಕಾ ಬು. ಇತ್‌ ಸ ಬು ಆ ಜು! ವ್ರತ ನಿರ್‌ ಇಾಾಸ೦ಬತಯ ಎಡಿ ತ್ತು ರ್‌ಸ-ವ ಕಗಗ ೯ ಜು ವ್ಶು ನ 4 ಬು ಇಡೆ \| ದ ಚ್ಟ ಲರ್ಮಯಾರ್ಮರಾ ರ-ಧಗ ಚ ಮಾ ಬೇ ವ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಮರಾರಿ, ಇರ್ಭಾಣರ ಕರರ ಆರ್ರ್ರಾತ ಆ ಡರ ಹ್‌ ಸರದ ಹಂರರಾಜಡ್ತ ಸ್ವರಾ ಆಸ” ಗ ನ ಗ ಫಿ ಕ ಪ ಜಿ ಪ 5 ೫ ಸ್ತ ಮುರ್ಟಾನಯಂರವರಯಿ ಆ ರಪ್‌ ಇಲಲ ಜ್ಯ ಗ ಯ ಮಾ ಯ ; ಶಿ ಚ ಹಾಸು ಇ-ಸ್ಲರ್ಮವ ರಾಗ! (ಸ ಮಸಾರಿ ವರ್ಕ ತ್ಯ ತರ್‌ ತು ಎರ ದಾಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲಾ ನ್ಯ” ತುತ್ತು ಹನಾಾಸಾಳಾಕ್ಕಪ್‌ಕ ಎಸಸ ಇರೂ ಬಯ ಯ ಇಲ ಆಾಸರಸಿಸ್ಟಾತಗಇ್‌ಸ್‌ಕಸಾಚಕ ಯನ್ಪಾತೀರವಗಳ ಧಿ ನ ಹು ಇಮ್ಮ್ಯೋಷಗರದರರವ್‌ನಗ ಆವಿ ರಾಯಾಾ್‌ ಗಹಗಿ ಕ್ರ ವ್ಯಾ ಕ್ಕೆ (ಇಹದ ನವರಾಗ ಜು ಯುಂ ಹಕಾರ. \| ಇಲ್ಲ ಯ ಕು ಸೆ ಗ ಲ ಸ ಬ ಸ ಸ ಡ್‌ 10 ಜುಂ ರ್ಕಿ ಬನನ ಇದ್ಠೆ ಸುಭಾಊ ಸ ಟ ಡಿಕ್‌ ಾಾರಾತು ಇಷ್ಟ ಭ್‌ ಎರ ಕೂಸ್ಯ ಆತ್‌ ಆ ಬ್ರ ಎ ೋ್ಭಂ ಗ ೆ ಮಾಜಾ ಭ್‌ ಜು ಬ ಊ್ಪ ರಿಷ ಇಸ್‌ ತಾ ಸಬ ಎ ಚು ನ್‌ ಉತಾರ್‌ ಈಗನ“ ದಾ ಸ ಇ ಇಳು ಜಾ ಯ ್ಬ್ಪ್ಬ ಬ ಡಿ ಸಾಕಾ ಸರಾರರ್ಡ-ಹಗಿರಾಾರವ್‌ ಕಾ ಕಾಡುಸರೇಹಸರ್ಜ್ಯ್‌ನ ರರಾಜ 1 \| ಇವನು ಇಂ ಸೆಕ್‌ ಗ ಸಾವ ಇನ್ಸತಿರಯ ತಾಸ ಇತ ತ ಇರಲು ತ ಇತ್ರನಣವದನ” ಪತ್ತ ಸಸ ಸಡಿರ್ಕ ಬಜ” ಆ ಷ್‌ ಇರಇನುರ್ಪುಡ್‌ ಆರಾಾರ್ಡವ 'ಜುವ್‌ಸಹಾಲಾಜುಷೂ ಸ 'ನಿರಷಗರರ ಇರಾ ಆಗ್ರಾ” ಬಾ ಹಾ ಆ ಾಸೊೋಟಮುಂಯರ್ಕಾಣಸಿ ಸು ರುರ್ಟರ್ಸಸ್‌ಜಾಾರಿಯ ರತ “ಸುರಾಗ ಹಯ ತಕಕ ಜಜಜನ ಸೇಸಿ ಷ್ಟನಿ' `ಸಡ್‌ಷರ ದ್ಯ ಆನ ಇಡೆ ಡರರಾಡ್‌-ಜರು ಸ್‌ ಇ ಎಸ ಇಡರ್ವಿಷ ಲ್ಕ ಆರ್ಮೇಸುದ್ರಿರ ಹಸ ತನಾ ಆಾಕ್ಕೂರವ್‌ವ್‌ನ” ಸತಾರ ದ 0 ದಾ ಹ್‌ ಎ. ಬಾಯಲ್ಲ ತ್ರಡ್‌ರ್ನಕರಷಿರಡನ್ನಿ ಸಾ ಭು. ಮು ವು ಸರರಢಿ ಜಸಾರೂಾಡ ರ್‌ ಷ್ಟ ಇರ್ಯಾ್‌ು ಇಸ ಷ್ಟ ಇ್ರಾ' ವ ಜಾ ಜಾರ ಇರತ್ತೆ ಟ್‌ ಕಾ ಜಚಾಯಾ ಎ ಜ್‌್ಸ್ಪ್ಪ ವ್‌ ಸ್ರಿ ರಾಡಿ ಮರರಾದರಾ& ಚಾ 7ವಲತ್‌ಹರುತೆಷ್‌ದ ಆರಾರು ಇಟ್ಟಿ ತ್ರ್ರಿಹ್‌ಸರಿಕರ್ಯಾದ ಡವ್‌ ಜ್ತ ತರರನಾರ್ಯಡಗರರಿ ಇವು ಯು ಛ್ಯವ್‌ಯಾತ” ಆ ನಾ ಮ ಇ ಸಂತಾನ ಬರವ ಇರಾ ಎರಡರ ರ್ಣತ್ತೆ ಸರಾ ಕ್ಯ ಸ್ರ ವಾಸ್ತು. ಲ . ಭ7ರ್‌ನಸಇಲಾಾರರ ಬಾ ಉಳ್ಛಾಸತುಿ ಳರ್ಪಾ ರಲ್ಲ] ತಾ ಇರಕು! ಧ್ರಜಣ ಇತ್ತ ಇರಿ ರಾಳಾತುಸಾಇರಯು ಸರಾ ಹಾ ನ್ಯ ಲ್ಕೆ ಲ ತ ಗ್ಗ ಇ ಸ್ಯ ಡಹ ಲಾಜ ಇಂದು ಬಗ್‌ ಪಾಇ ರ್ನ ಇದಾ ರು-ರರಾಹರಾಜಬ್ದಪಿ ಜಯವ. ೨. ರ್‌ು ಪಡ” ಜ್‌ ಇದ್ರ ಆರ್‌ ಬ! ಹಾ ಘಿ ಆ ಜ್‌ ಜೊ ಜಾ“ ತ ಡ್‌ ಇ “್ಟ್ಟಾಂಥ ಹ ಷಿ ಪಟಾರ್‌ ೪ರರಾ-ಕ-ತ ರ್‌ ಡಾ ಮಶ " ( ಹ ಗಾ ₹ ಕ ತ ಸಿ ಸ ಶೆ ಸ್ತ ಬ್ರ ದ ತೋ ಕ ಸ್ಯ ಎ ಗವ ಸಜ ಸ್‌ ನ್ನ ತಾ ಬ ಗಭ ಅಾಸ್‌ರುಷು ಕ್‌” ಸ ನ ಚತ ಕು ಫ್‌ ಗ ವಡಾ ಇಷ ಾಗ್ರು ಸವ್‌ ಮಾಸ ಇರಾ ರದ ಇರಕ್ಕ್ಮ 6 “ಇಷ್ಟೆ ನ ಜ್‌ ಜ್ಯಾ ಸ್‌ ಸ್ನಷಾರಿ ಜಾರಡ ದಾ ಸ ರಂ ಯು ಔತ ಸಾಸ ್ಟ ಡಿ ಇ ಗ ಚ ಜಾ ಡಿ ೈ್ಮ ಸ ಕ ಸ ಗ 1 2] ಗಾತ ಳ್‌ ಬ್ರಾ ಜು ಇ ಲ್ರ ಸೌ ಕ ದಾ ಡಬ ಯಾ ಯಜು ಹು? ರ್‌ ಅಜರ್ಯಾಗರುವ್‌ರರರ್ವಾಡರಿಾ ರಾರ್ಥಾ್‌ಬಿ ಈ ನ ಹ ರ್ಕ ಪಾ ಬ ೋಳ ು ರ್ಳ ಲ್ಲು ತ್ಯಕ್ತ ಸಧ್ಧಪ್ರ ಎಂದಿ ಸಿಸಿ ಭು ರಾಜು ಭು ಸ್ಯಾತ್‌ ತ ಆರಿರರಾಸರಾರ್‌ಯ; ಾಸಸವರಾ ಅತತ ಎಎ” ` ತ \| 1 ಸ ಕ್ಯ ಮಾ ಲ ಗರು ರ ರಾರಾರ್ಯ್‌ಾಷಷಾ ಮ ಬಾಜಾ ಇ್ರ್ರೂರತ್‌ಸರ್ಜಾರ್ಣಪಬ ಗಾ ಹ ರಾಷಸನಾರತ್ಯ ಇತ ( 1 ತ್‌್‌ ಜ್ರ \| .. ತಕ ಒಬ್ರು ) 1 ಹಾ ಎ ತ ಎ ದ ತ ಇರಾ ತ 4 ನ ಡ್‌ \| ಸ ದು ಧ್‌ ಆ ರ ಮಯ ಮಸಾಲ ರಾಸು ಳಸ ತ್ನ ಗುಗ್‌ ಷಾತ ಡ್ಯ 7 ಸ ಐರನ್‌ ್‌್ಯಾಹ ರ್ಯ ಸರ ಗಜ ರಪರನಚಸಾರಾಸಲ ದನು ಜ್‌ ಹಾ ಜಾತೆ ಕೆ ನಿಜಾ ಎ... \| ತ್‌ ) ಇ. 6 ಸ “ಜ್ಯಾಂ ಸ್‌ಸ್‌ಸತ್ರನ ಆರತಿ ೦ರರಾರ್ಷಾಾಆರವದದ ಆದಂತ ಚ ರ 4 ಡಾ ತ ಜಿ ಜ್ನ ಮ್ರು ಸ ನ ಟಾ. ಇ 148 ಇ ಹರಾ ತಾತಾ ಜ್‌ ಇಷು ಒರು ಬಾರ ಇಳು ರ ರ್‌ ಸ್ಯಾ ದ್ರ ದ್ರಾ (5 ಢಿ ತ ಗ ವ್ರ ಫ್‌ ಸಷ ಕಾಯಾ ರ ಮಾಕಾ ರಾಯ್‌ ಕಾಷ್ಟ ಷ್ಟ ಸ ದುಡ್‌ ಳೆ ಓರ ರ್ಯ್‌ಃ ಇತ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಕಾಕಾ ೫ \| ಸ್ನ ಜೂ ಉ ವ್ಯಾ ಡವ ಜರದ ಓಂ ಪ್‌ ಹ್ಯಾ ಡ್ಯ ಡಾ ಇತ್ರ ನ್ನ್ನ ಡ್ಯ ಜ್‌. ಬ ಕ ೪2, ಅಶ್ಸೀಾಂತ ಎಂಸತೆಕೇಕ್‌ಆಗತ್ರಜಾ ಇಂತಸ, ದ್ನ ಲ ಎ! ಸ ತ ಇಳೂಳ್ರಿ ಈ ಇಷ್‌ಪ್‌ರ್ಟಾ ಜರ ಇ ಸತ್‌ ತರ ಸ ಜಾ ಜು ಆ 2. ಜು ತ ( ದ್ರ ಸ ಬಾ ಳ್ಳ \| “ದಂದ್ಮಾ್‌ಾರಾ್‌ಾರ್‌ಾಸ್ಥಿ `ದ ನತರಗಾಗರು ಲಾತ ದ್ರಸರ್ಷ್‌ ಇದೇ ಎಬಿ ನರ್‌ ಇದ್ರ ಜ್ಞ; ರಾರ ಐಾ್‌್‌ ದ್‌ ಡಲ ಆ ಕ ಚ ಗ ಇ. ಲ ತ್‌್‌ [! ಚೆ ಸಾಜ ಸರ್ಫ್‌ ಕ್‌ ಸೂಸಪ್ಟ್ರನರಾ್‌್‌ಾ ೪ ದ್ರ ೩” ಸರಾ ಇತ್‌ ತ್ಸ ಇ್ರಾ-ಸಲ್ತನೆ ಮಾಲಾ ಇ \| ಲ ಗ್ರ ಗ “ಇರ್‌, ರ್ಣಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪರರಗಡ್‌ಹಳ್ಳು ಎ1] ಇತ್ತ ರಕಕ ವ ಚಗೇಟನರ ಚತ 1. ಸ ಸ” ಇ ಇದ್‌ ಇಸ ಲ್ರು ಇನೂ ಜಾಇ ತಿ-ನ್‌ಹ ಯದು ಇರ್‌ ಇ್ಮಾಣ ಸರಸು. \| ತ ಟು) ಧುಲರರ್ಯಾರರ್ಜಾಸಷಾ ವಷ ಕುದು ಇಷ್ಟೇಡಿ ಎತ ರ ಟು ತಾದಇಕ್ತಿ [ತಿರು ಸ ಈ ಕು \| ಬ ಸಾನೆ ರ್ಗ \| ರಿಷ ಇರರ್ಯಾವಇು- ಸಾ ಮಾಮಾ ಕ್ಸ ಆ ಜಾತಷ್ಟಡೊಾಃ ಸ \| 1ರ ” ಇ ತ್ತಾ ಹ ಸ ತೆ ಕ 2 ಲ್ಲ ೫ ಲಾರಾರ್ಥಪೂಂರಾರಾತಕ್ಗ ಡಿಯು ಆರ್ಕಾರಾಡ ತ್‌ ಸೀಕಾವ್‌ದ ೮ ತು ಸುಜಾ ನ್‌ ಇಸಂಗ, 9 \| ಸಾ ಹ್ಯಾ ಹ ಇ ಬು ್ಮ ಲ ಹ ಎ ತ ಸ ನ; ಸ 1 ಎ ಕ ಯಾತ ಫಿರನನ-ಅಾವ್‌ಸ ತುಂ ಹರದ ಸಸಿ ದರಹರಿಹಿಇು ಇನಾಾಲತ್ಟಳ್ಯೂಯಜ ಆಜಂ ಇ೧ನಿಂರಾರ್‌್ಕಡಾ ಸ್ಯ ' ಣು ಕ ಕುಜರು ಇತಯ ಬರದ ಷಃ ಳಾ ಜ್ಯಾ ಸಲು ರೂ ಕಾರರ್ದವಆ್‌್‌ ಅವರ ಸ್ಯ “ಹಂಜ ಡ್‌ಗ್‌ಐಮ್ಲಷಿಡ ಇಬ್ಬ ಇಟ್ಟಿ ಿಇಾರಾರ್‌ಿ ಇ ಸ ಜೆ ಇ ಯಿತ ಳ್ಳಾಯ ರೋಸಿ ರರರಾಡ-ನ್‌ೂ ಆಕಾ ಗಾರ್ಗಾ ಉಳ್ಗುರರ್ಗವ್‌ ನ ೋಡರರು ಸಾಸ ಇ 1. ಗ 1 2.2 ಎ ಇಸು ೬ ಆ] "ವರದಾ ಇಜಾರದ ಪ ನರ್‌ ರುಷ್‌ ಇರರ“ ಇರರು ಕಾಹ ೨ ಅಣತಿ ಕು ಭಾಸ ಹಾ ಇಕ್‌ಕ್‌ಡೆಸತ ಭ್ರ ಜ\| ಸಶಿ ಇದ್‌ತ್‌ಸೌರ್ವನಮ್‌ಸಳುನಕುರರ್ಡ್ಗಡ್‌ \| ಸ ತ ಶೀತ ಸಚ್‌ ದಸ ತಪ ಸರ ಸಾಕಾ ಕರನ 4ರಾಂಸ ರ್ಮ ಆತಾ ಇರ-ರ್‌ಾರರ್ಷಾರ್ಯಾ” “ಇಷರಾರ್ಷ್ರಾರರಪ್‌್‌ ಜಿ 1. ಕ ಗ ನರಾಣತ್ತ ಸರ್ಪ ವ್‌್ರೋರ್ಗ್ಯಸಗಾಧ್ಯಿಯಾ ಶಿಕ ಟ್‌ ರಾ ರರ ಪ್ರೋ್ಗಾಕಾಸನ' ಕಿ ಡ್ಯ “ಎ ಕಾ ವ ಬ ಇಹ ಎತ್ಕಿಸಕ ಜು ಹಳು ರರ್ಷರ್ಸಾ ಆಹೊತ್ಸಾಗರರಾ, 1 \| ಇಷರ್ಟಕ್‌ಸರಾರವಾಜ ತನ ತಗಳವಾಸುಲಾ ನ ಬು ಬ್‌ ಕ್ರಾ ಜು ನಐರದುತ್ತಾದ್ರ ಪ್‌ ಇತ್‌ರವಭಾರರಡ್‌ ಕೇಲರಾಷ' \| 1 ] ಇದಾರ ಇಂ -ರಹರನಿಇಲದಗಾರರಷಾ ಜಾ! ಇತಿ ಸತ್ರ ಶತಿ ತಿನ. ಉಲ ಳುಂತೊಗ್ರ ಬ-ಸರಪ್‌ವ್‌ಸ್‌ಇಮು ಗರಹ ಇಳು 9 “ಕ್‌ ಇ ರಾರಾ ರರ ತಾಂ ಬಾಗೆ ಇಸ್ಜಗರಾಸಮಾಲುಇಡಂಆರಾತ।್ಥ ಇರ್ಮರಿರಚಕ್ಟರ್ಹಷ 2 ಸ ಸ ತ ಹೆ ರೇರ್‌ ಡಾ ಹತು ಬರತ ಜೆ 46 ಇಡ ('ಇಟ್ರ- ನಾ” "ರಿದ 11 ಸ ರರ್ಗವ್‌ಇ5್‌ ಸ್ವಭಾವ ಇಮ್‌ ಬಾ ಬಂ ಚ್ಮ ಎ ರ್ಜ 17ರ ತ ಬ್ಕ ಚ 1 1 ನ ಕ ತ ಸಸ [ ಚ್ಟ ನ್ನೇ ಆವರ ಇರಿರಗಾತಾಸಿತಾಸರಾಷ್ಲರ ವ್ಯೂ ರಾಿಯರಾರಾಾಾನ ಸ್‌ ಸ] ಸ ಜಾ” ಜಿ ಎ ಬಜ ಯುಸಿ ಉಟ ಜರ ನಾ ಸರು ಸ ನ. -ತಕಸಸ ಯಿ ರಾರಾ ಖಿ ೂತವ್‌ಹ್ಯಜ್‌' 74 ತಾ “ಶ್‌ ಸ ಇ” ಷ್ಠ ಬಂಡು ತ ಘ ಭ್ಸು ಕ \| ೯ ಎ ತ ಡಿ ತೆ "ಇ ಎ ಇ ಎ ಸ ಕ ಆ ತ ತ ಅಲ್ಲ ಯ್ಯ ಹ ವ ಬ ಗನ್ನು ಯು ಸ್‌ ಇದಿನಿ ಗಲ ವಂ ಕು ಕ್ರ ಇಸಾ ಇ ' ಆ ಇಲಗ ಮ್ಮ್‌ ಕಿ ೪೩0 ್ಪ ವ್‌ಮೇಷಾ್‌ ಗ ಶ್ವ ಸಾ ಓಲಾ ಸ್ಸ \| \| ಫ್‌ ಇಷ್‌ಮಾ ೪ಟಾ್‌ ಡ್ಯ ಷಿ ವರಸರಾರ್ಹಾ್‌ ಸ ಕ 2 ಸಸ, 1. \| ಸು ಇರ್ಭಾರಿತಂ ರಾಜ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಯ ಸ್ವಾನೀರ್ಷದ-ತಶ ಭಾರರಾಜ್ಯರ್‌ 1 ಇ ಗೆ ಬ ( ಇ ಮು) ಸ್ಸ ಹಾ ಸಸಎಸಿ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್‌ ಸಾತ ಕ್‌ೆ ಇಸ್ಟ ಸಾ ಇದರ ಇ ಇ ಕಾಷ್ಠಾ ಜಾಲ ಸ ಗ ತ್ತ ೪.3) ಕ್ಟ ಚೇಳು ನಾಲ ಎ ಇತ್ರ ಶ್ರ ಇಸಿ ಇ ಸ್‌ ರಟ ಬಾ ಚಟ ಸಾಗರ \| -ಗರುಬುರಾರಾರ್ಸಾನ್‌ಹುಳಾಳ ಇಸ್‌, ರುತಾಪಾರ್ಟರಂ ಬ ಬು ಕ [ ಕ್ರಿ ಗೆ 1 ಗ ಇಯಲ್ಲ, \| “ ಯ ಇಸದ್‌ಸರ್ಜಾರಕೊೊೋರಾಗದಗತ್‌ಛಂ ಯು ಇಮಂ ಸ ರ್‌ಸರ್‌್‌ ತ್‌ ನೀ ಇದ್ದಗ್ಳು ಆಂ ರ್‌ ನಜ ಸ್ರಿ ಇರಾಯ ಪ್ರ ಇ ಸಾತ ಹ 1 ಗ \| ರ್‌ ನಾಷ್‌ಸ್ಫಂ ಮರದ್‌ ಯಾಃ ಸ ಸ 1 ನರಾ ನರ್‌ “ಜರ್‌ 1. ] ಮಾ ಡಸ; ಇ ಜ್‌ ಫಡ ನ್‌” ತ ಜು ಬ ಜಥ ನ್‌ ಎ ಎಷ್ಟ 1 “ಜಿ ಆ. ॥ ಇಕ್‌ ಇ್‌ಎ್‌ಷ್ಲ ಟ್ರ ನ] ಇರ್‌ ಗ ಎ ಮಾ ಗೆಯ 1 ಬ । ವ “ಗಳು \| ವ ಸಭ್ಯ ಯಾಸಾ ಇ ಯಷ ಭಾಸ ತ್‌ಷ್ಯಾಗನಿಕ ಭಕುತ ನ್ರ್ಯರಾಕಇಾರವಾಕತ್ರ ಕಾಸ್‌ ಟೌ "1 ಹ ಗ ಯ ತ್‌ ಸ ಸ ಕ ದ ಶಿಶ್ಚಸಗಳು ಕ ಶ್ರ ಇರಿ ವಾ, ರ್ಥ ಆ ಮ್‌ ದ್‌್‌ "ಡ್ಡುಾಸ: ನಿಂದಾ ೧ಾರಾನ್ನ ಸಳ ಒತು ವ ಗ್ದ ದಸ ಜ್‌ ಕ ರ್‌ ರಶಿಯಾ ಣ್‌ ಮ ) [ ತಾರದ ತಾನೆ “ \| \| ಠ್ತೆ್‌ ( ಸ ತ ತಾ ಜ್‌ [ತ \| ಸ ಜಿ ನ ಹಾ ಸಿ ಹು ದ್ರಾ ಕ ಸಿ ೬... ರ ನ್ಗ ಇರ್‌ ಜ್ಯ ಸವ ಇರ್‌ ಳ್ಳ ಡ್‌ಷು ರಾರಾ ್‌ ಸರನ್‌ ಇನ ಇಷ ಇಗ ಕಿ “ಸ “ಹ್‌ ರಥ್‌ ಕಡಿಇದ[ಾ ಸಜಜ ಸ ) ಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಸ ] ಸಾಕ್‌ . ರ್ಸ್ವಾ ಷಃ ಸಾಸ್‌ ಡ್‌ ದ ಜರರ೯ವಗ್‌್‌ ಇಬ ಸರಯುರರ ಜ್‌ ಬಯ್ಯ ಜಾ ಬೆ 1. ಸಾಸರ್‌ ಭ್‌ರ್ಯಾನ ಕಜ್ರತಾ್ರಸಿ ತಾರಜರಾ್‌ ಸು ಸರಯ ರಸ ರಾ್‌ ರ್‌ ರ: ಇಷ್‌ನಿಲಾಡಿ ಹತಾ ಷ್ಠ ಹಾ 8 \| ( ಗ ಸ ಸ ಸ ತ ತ್‌ ತ ಜೆ 2 ಭ್ರ 2 ಶೆ ಗ 1 1. ಅಕ್‌ ಲ, ಹಸಾತ ತೆರಾ ಇಲ್ಲಗಳ ಅಕ್ಷ ಬಾಗ ರ ಗರ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಹರಾವರಡ' ಆ ತ್‌ ಹ ಟ್ರ ಇರುಶಾು ಕರಾರಮೇತಾ ಅರತು ಜರಸರಸಗ \| ರ್‌ ಜಾ ಟಾ 2 ದಾಸರ್‌ \| ಇರರಲಾವ್‌ು ಅಾವ್‌ಷರಸ ಇತ್ಯಾದ ತಾ ವ ಎ ಯುಪಿ ಸ ಹ ೂ್ಪ್ಬ ರಜಕ, ಅರ್ಥದ ಜಾವ್‌ಷ್‌ಒ ಚಾ ಬ. ೬೪೭ \|. ತ 1 1 ೫ ಪ್‌ ಸಾಗ ಬ್ರ ಇ ಗೆ ತ ಇ ತಿರ್ಸ್ಯಸಷ್ಟಾಾ ಜನಾ ಕಾಎಕಾಲಾನ ಷ್‌ ಇರರ್ವನ್ಯ್‌ ತ ಜಸ ಸರಪಸ್ಸ! ಹಗ ಬಯ ಜ್‌ ಸ ಸ್‌ ಹನು ಇರರ ನಸ ಕಾಜಾರಾಕು ಇತ ( ಇಈಕೆಇಸ ಸತಾ, ಈ 1. \| ತ್‌ ದ್ರ \|\| ಣ್ವನ್ಷು ಉುಂರ್ಜಾರ್‌ವಾಕಾಜುಲ ಪ್‌ ಇಾನಿರರಾಜಿ ಸಾ, ಜರ್‌ ದಾ ಸರ ಇಲ್ಲಲ ಜಾ ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಇಷ ಇಇ 5ರ್ಷಗರ್ಸತ ತ್ರ ಗಾ ಸ್‌ ಬ ಜಃ ಕ ಸಕ ಕ್‌ ಪ್ರಿರ್ಣಾಸರ್ಷಣ್ತ ಸ್ನ ರಾರರಾಡಿಭಾ ಇದರ್ತರಹಳ್ಳುಷ ತಾ ಆದಾ ರನವರಾನಳಾಯ ಗ್‌ ಜಬ $ [ ಕ ಸಕಇ ಇತ್ಯಸ್ಯ ಜಗಡತ ಷರ್ಥಿಕಕು, ,ಅರಾರರರ್ಟನರ್‌ ಇ.ಂಸರಾರ ಕ್ರ 2 ಕಗ \| _ ತ ಎ ೀ್ಪ್ಭ ಲರ್ಟಾರ್‌ಾ ಇರಾ ಯರ್ಯರ-ಕರ್ಡವರ್ಗರತ್ತಾ ವ್‌ ಜಾಸನ್‌ ಕಾದ! ಆಸಾ ಶ್‌ ಘರಾನರಾಯಿರಾಡ' ತ ಫಾಸುರಾಹ”ೊ್ಸಿರನು ಬುಷ್ಛ್ಯೀ ರರೂ ಕಾರರ್ಹ್ಯಾಣವಕ-ವ-] ವರಹ ರಿರವ್‌ವ ವ್‌ಪ್‌ಸೇಸಾಜ \| \| ಜಂ ನ (ತಿ ಬ ಸ ಒತ್ತೆ ೫ 2 ದ್ರು 1] \| ಧ್ಯಾಸ್ಸಿ ಇರ್ವಾರತ್‌ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಧೌ್ಯಾಾಗಾಣಾ: ನವಾಬ ಈ) ಇ್ಯ್‌್‌ ಕರಾರರಂಾ ಜಾ ಬುಜ ನದಾಾಗ್‌ಸಲವಣಿತು, ಇಸ್ಟು ೯ ಸ್ನಾಸೆಶ್ಟಾತರಾಇರಾಲುಲನ್ನ ದರದ, ಇನಾಸ ಾಡಮುಠರ್ಟತ್‌ಷರಗನ್ತಿ ಜೇಡ ಇರದು ಎಬ ನನ್ಯ ನ ಮತರದ ಐರ್‌ ಅ ಇಂಯಂನರಾಸಾಇರುವರಹತಿಳಿ ತಲ ಸಾರಾ ಪೆಕರ ಉಷನರಾರ್ಗಾಭತರಾಳ್ಟಾ ಗ ರುಷಾ ಇರರ ಪರ್ಗೀರ್ಸಸತಿರ್ಟ ಜಯ 'ಉಸ್‌ಸರ್ರಾರ್‌ತ ಕಾಡಾ ಎಇ ೯ವ್‌ರಾಸರ್ಸರ್ವಾಸರಿಯಖರಾಹಳಾ ಅ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ತ ಇರ್ವರರಡಿರಾು್‌ಾ ಭ್ಯಾರ್ಜರ್‌ಷೆ ಎತ್ತ ನ ಜಾ ಬ ಬ ಡ್‌ಸಾರ್ಜನ ಚ್‌ \| ಹ ಇರದ ಶ್ರ ವಮ್‌ ನರರ ಪ್ತ ಇಷ ಇ ರಾಡು ಇಸುಪ್‌ದುಷ್ಟಗ್‌ ಜರಾ ಎ ಬಟ್ಟ ಮಾ ಉಷ ಇಡ್‌ರಸ ರಯ ಇದ್ರೆ ಆವ್‌ ಸಾಷಳ್ಳು ಉಷ ಸಾತ ಹರಾಾರ್ಥ್ಯಾವ ್ಕ್ಷಸಲ್ಗರಡಿಇದ್ದಾರು-ಇಾ -ಸರಾವ್‌ನ ಸರ್ರ್‌ ಕ್ರ ಇರು ರಾರಾ ಇ ರಾ ಜು ಊಂ ಮ್‌ ಇರರ ಯಾರ್ಣಾ ಜಯಾ ಪ್ರಾತ್ಮಾರಿಕಾಸ್‌ವ ಇರರ ದುಇಿವಿ ಕ -ಇವ್‌ರ್ನಾಡ್‌ಮಸನತ್‌ವಾನದರಿ ಕಾ ಇಾರ್ಜಯರಾಸ-ಡ ಇತ್ತದ್‌ ಡು ಲು ಇತ ರ ಯ ಇರೂ ಇಡಿಂಜಸ್ಣ. ಇಸ್ರೋ ಾತ್ತಡ್‌ನು- ' ಒ) 7] ಶಾ ಕಾಸ ಆಈ ದರಾ, -ಡರ್ಯಾತ ಇಡು ಲಾತಾ ಸ್ಥ ಸ ಇರಿದ ಇವಕ್ಲಿಾ ತ ಯ ್ಪ್ಪ ಓೇಾಗರಾಧಾಾ ಸಸ ಚ್‌ ಹಾ ಬರ ಚುಮು ಸಜಾ ಜಬ 0ಊಿ ರರ್‌ಪ್‌ನೇಲ್ಷರ್‌ನ ಹಾ ಯು ದೂ! ಹಡ ಬರರಿಪಿ ಯ ಗ ಳಳ "ದ್ಯ ಬ: ಸುಡ್ರ್ಯಢ್ಯ ಗತ ತು ಸೂ ಇರ್‌ ಇರವ ವಕ ಜು ನಾಾರರ್ದಾಾ್‌ ಕಕ್ರರಹದನ್ಯು ಆತ್ರ ಬಂಗ ವರ್‌ ತಾಡಿ ಳು ೦ನ ಗಾ ಎ ಬ "ಇಡಿ ಜು 5ನ ಪ್ರಜ ಸ್ಯಾ ವ ರ ಹ್ಹ್‌ ಹ ಹ ಸರಾ ರ್‌ ರ್ಸ್‌ "ಬಇವರಿಸ ಓಮು ಪ್ರಿಸಣಂಯಗ್ರಇಯಯುತ್ಯಿ ಬರರರಾರವಾಗಾರಾವರ್ಥಾರಾಗರಾಜರಾಗ್ಯ ಮಾಹ ಸ್‌ ಇರ ಜು ಸರಾಗ ಸಲುಳ್ಳದಿ ಇರವ ನಿ ಡ್ರಂ ಇ್ರ್ರತಿರಾರಾಳ್ಳಕಮಿಸ -ಸರಾತ್ಯಾ ಭೋರ್‌ ಇಸ ಕ್ಯತರರ್ಮಾಯ-್‌ ದ್ಯ [ಇವಲ್ಲ ರಾಜನೆ ಸಇಾಡಾರ್ಥಿರ್ಸವ್‌ಾಿ ಯು ರ್ಯ ಕನಹ” ಎ ಬ 0 ಎ ಊ ಮರ್ಣಾರ್ಜರ್‌ನರಿ, ಇಲ್‌ಪ್‌ಸಾಾರರ್‌ಷ ಎ ಪ ಸ ಇಸ ಈ7ದ್‌ನು ಎತ ತಕರವ್‌ ಸಹ ೀರವ್‌ಆಕ ಓಿಡುರ್ಥಾವಾಕಾರ್ಜಾ ಎರಾ ನಿರರಾಲಾಹಿಕ್ಕ ಆ ಪಿ ನರ ರಜ ತಾತ ಹು ಎ ನರ್ನರ್ಣಡ್‌ನಾ- ತೌರರಾರಾಮ್‌ಕರ್ಟವನಿ ಸ್ಥ ತಇದ್ದಾ. ಪವಾಡಿ ಶಿರ ನಾತ ರಾಸ್‌ಫೇಂಗಾ್‌ನೇ್ಟ್‌ೆ ರ್ಪಣಹಜ ರಗಳ ಲಸಾರ್ವತ್‌ ಇ್‌ಪ್‌ನಾರಾರಾರಾತ್‌ಪಳ ಕಂಯ್‌] ಅಲ ಇಬ್ರ ಶ್ಟರಿಾಳವ ಕಾಟ್‌ ಬ್ರೀಕ್ರಿಾಷೂರ್ಹತ ಬಾಲಸಂಪಲ ಗಟ ಟೆ ೬ನ, ಬಯ ಇಡೆ ಇದಂ ಟಾ ಬ ಮ ಅದು ೯ ಸೂ ಜಯದ ಹಾ ಈಾಸ್‌ಸರರಧ ರ್ಯ ನರ್ಶೀಪ್‌2 ಜಾರೆ ಲ್ಯಾ ಎತಿತದ್‌ವ್‌ ಮು ಕು ಇಸ ಬರಿ ಫಿಸಸಾರವರಿಸಹಳ್ತಾಳ ಆಡಿಂಬತಳ್ಳುರಲಾ ಇಸಿಲ ಇಡಾ ನತರ ಇಷಾ ಚ ಇರರ ಇರ್ಣಸ ಅರಣ ವಳಡಾ ಬಾತ ಚಾಸರಾಡಿಂಗರಬ್ತ ತಿ ಬ ನರ್‌ಲಹ್‌ ಟ್‌ ಹ ಇನು ಅಷ ಅಷ್ಟ ಸರಲ ಗತ ಫರೋ ಭಾರ ಅರ ಲಾಪದರಕಗಗಿ ರಾವ” ಸತಿ ಇಸ ಕ್ಸಾರ್ಕಮೊಲಾವಲವಡಇರ ಷ್ಟ ಂತಗೆವೇಕೀಡ್ಡ್‌್‌ ಗ ಆಯ ಆ-ಸ್ಪಾತಅರ್ಡರ್ಣರ್‌ ಡುೊಸ್ರಾಗರ್ಗಾಗಣ ಎರಾ ಡೆ 3 ಎನಗಇಗುರಡಾ ಶಾಹ್‌ ರಸ ಡೆ ಕ್ಕ ಇ ನಾ ಹ್ಹ ಹ ಡಿ ತಂಗ ಸುಯಾಗರವಜನಡಿಂಸಿದೂರಂ ಕೊ \| \| 8 ಸುಳ್ಳ ಆತ ಗಿರಾ ಒರ್‌. ಗ ಇಲಾಸಲವ್‌ಸಗೂತಿು ಥಿ ಜ್ಸಮೋಸನ ಇಂಡ ಶ-ವರ್‌- ಲಸ ಜಲ್ನಡಿ ಯಾ ಕ್ಟ ಸೇವಿ ನನಸಾಗುವ ಎ“ ಗು (\| ಮಾವಾ 6 ತಾಗ ಬರದ ತಸುಂಸ್‌ಈೆೌರ್ಟಾಸಾಲಾರರಾಕಾ ಇಸಾ ಫ್ಷೆಸಿ ಬು (ಒ್ಬ ಕ್‌ೆ ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ 1 ಸ್ಸ . 2ಜಿ ಬ ಎಡ ಸಂಸಿ ಕನನ ಊಸ್ಸಿಸರಸ ಇಂ ಕ ಇರಷ್ಯ ಲ್ನ ಕ ಚ ಕಾ” ಜೆ ` ಧು 1 ಜಗ್‌ ತ ಸ ಇಲ್ಲು ನ್ಯಾ ರ್‌ ಬ್ಲಾ ಳು ಲ ಭ ಹಾಟ ಕ ಸ ಬ ಕ ದ್ದ ಗ ದ ಟಿ ತಿ (ರೇಡ್‌! ಆಹ -ಾವ್‌ರ್‌ನಿ ಲು ಷ್‌ ಹು ರಟ ಆ ಇಲ್ಲಲ ಸ್‌ 4 ಸ ಇ ದಿ ಇಟು” ಹ ಜು ಅನು” ಇದ್ದು ತ್‌ 1 ಎದೀ ಇಕೆ ಕ್ಸ ಲ ಬಸ್ರಾ ನ ಜಟ ಚ ಕಾ ಸಿ 1 (್ಸ ಇರ್‌ ರ್ರೀರರ್‌ ು್‌್‌ ಸ್‌ಸರಾರೇಷ ಅನಿಳ್ಳರೆಇಲಾ ಸ ಜರೆಯ್‌ ರಡ ರಾವರ ಧ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಬಸಿರರ್‌ಹಷ (1 \| ; ಯಸ ಸಳದ ಕದದ ದ ವರ್‌ ವೆಂ ಸ್‌ ಬತ ಇವ ತ್ತ ಸ ; ಸ ಕ್ತ 1 ನ್‌ಸೇ್‌್‌ಿಂ ಕ್‌ ಯನ ರಿದ ಲ ಮ ಸ್ಕಾ ಕತಾ ಯ್ಯ ಜು ಡಾನ್‌ ಹ 1 ಸ್ಯ ಸತ್ಯಾಲ್ದ ಆ _ ಚ 6. ಆ ಸ ಹಿಂದ ದ್‌ ತಾ ಸ "ಇದ್ದ ತು ದ್‌ೆ ಗಾ ಇ ಜ್‌ ಸಭಾ ಇ ಇಲ ಶ್ಲ 14 ಖಿ “ರನ” ದ್ಯ ಬರ್‌ "ಜರ 1 \| ಕೋಡ ಗ ಮರಾಕಾಷ್ರತ ಬ ಮುಂ ಮಾ ಹ ರಸ್ತ ಇಂಾರವರಾಕು \| ಎಡ್ಡಿ ಚ ಹ 1! ಸಾನ ಶೈರ್‌ ಬ ಮು ಸರಸಿ ಓವ ಜಮ ದಹನ ಇಲ ಅರರ, ಸ್ವಕರಾರಸು ಜ್‌ \| ಇ ಜಿ ಬಾತಿ 5ಕೌಷ್ಟ ರ್ಯ ಡ್‌ರ್ಷದ್‌ "ರ್ಯ ಇಸಾ ಜು ಸಗ ಸ 1 .. \| ನು ಆ ಟಾ ಪ್ರಾಸ ಆ ಸೂಕ ಸ ಬ ಬು ನಯಯ \| 0 ಳಿ ; “ಸರರಾಪಗಗ್ಗಇಇನಲಿ-ಸೇಿ ಷಂ "ನಿರ್ಯಾತ ನೇಲಯರೆ ಇರ ಸಾತ ಹ ಧ್ಯ ಆ ಆ ತ ಸಧರಾತರಾ ಖ್ಯ ಯ? ಸುಳು \| ೩ ಗ ಶಿ ಬೃ ಡ್ಯ ಎ ರ್ಕ್ನ ಸ ಸ ಕ 1. ಇತ ತ್ತ ಸಸ್ತರನೇಭಕಲ್ಲಾನು ಸಲಿರ್ಯವ್‌ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ರ್‌ “ಸು ಹ್‌ ರರ್ಜಪಲ್ಲ ಶಾ ಆಯಾ ಖ್ಯ ನಷಸೂಡುದ್ರಾ ಕ್ಕ ಡು ಇಡೆ “ರಾರ ಗು ಇಸ್ಟ ಲ ಕ ಡು ತಜತ್ಕತ್ಕಿ ಗೂ ಹಾ ಸೆ ಗ `ಸನ್‌ರ್ಜನಷ್ಕ್ಯ ಲ್ಲ ಸಿ ತಾ ಸರಸ ಜು ಶ್ಲಪತ್ಷ ಇಡಿ ಸ್ಪ ಸ ಜು ಬು ಅರವ ಕ ಚ ಕ ಸ ಇಸಲೀಾರರಕರಾಣನ್‌ ಸರಯ ಇ“ ಪ್ರರ ಸಳದ ಒನ್‌ ಭಾರತದ ಆಕಾರ ವಯಸ ಬ ನೋಡೋ” ಟೊ ಎ ಎ ಇಸ ಸಟಾರಿಸನು ಅವ-ಸುಂುಲ ರಾರಾಸರರ್ರಾಣ ಇಳಾ ಕಾರಾ 57 ಸ್‌ ಬು ಸಂಗದ ಜ್‌ "ಶೀ ಸ ಪರ್ದಾ ಇ ಕ ಸೌಸಾಕಾಕ್‌-ುಸ ದ ಗಸದ್‌ಸೂಾಕ್‌ಚರ ರ ಸಯದ್‌ \| ಇಷಳಿತಾತು \| ( ಹ್ಯೆ ನ : ಗ ತ್ಮಾ ತ ನ ಶಾ ಸ ಬ. ಟ್ಟೆ ಸ ದ ್ತಿ-ರರಾ್‌ಇರಾಸ ಸೊಮ ಟ್ಟೆ ಇರಿ ಮಸೇಕವ್‌ೆ ಟ್‌ ಸ ಸಟ ಬು ಎಎ್ಸ ಸ ಗ ತ ನ ಇ \| ಟು ಹಳ ಸ ತ್ನ ಜು ರಾಡ್‌ “ಸವರ ೭ ತು ಬು: ಇಡ ನ ನೀರ್ಜಾ ರಾಷ್‌ ದಿಲಿ ರುಣ ಸೀಡ್‌ ನೆ ಇಿರ್‌ಾನಲ್ಲಿ ನ್ನ ಕ ಸ್ಕಿ ಆಸ್‌ ಇ (1 1 ಜಾ ಟೆ ತ್ತ ದ ಹ ಕ ಕ್ಯ ಡೆ ಗ ಬುಡ ತ ಸ್ಮ ಸ್ತ ಜ್‌ \| ತ ಅರಾ ಇತ ಗ್ರಾ ೪ ಂದ್‌ವ್‌ಕಾಡ ಒಪ ಹಿ ನು “್‌್‌್ಗ ಸ್‌ ನಸ್ರು 'ಬಾರ್ಷರಾಾ ಆದ್‌ಯ್‌ಪೌಢ ಜಡಿ ವಾ 440 ' \| ತೇ ಇತತ ಬು ತ ಇಡ್‌ಉಕಾಷ್ಯಸರಾದ ಇಂವಾಣಸ್ತ ಕನ ತೀಷಷ್ಟನಿಸಇ ಸ ಲ ಳಗ 1 ತು ಕ ಇ ನನ ದುಖ್‌ ನ್‌್‌ ಯ್ಯ ತ ಭಾ ಇಷ ರ್‌ ಇಲ” ಇಲ್ಲಾ ೨) ತ _ ಚಾ \| ಹ್‌ ನಸು ಪಾಗರವಾಳಯೇಲ- ಎ ಓದಯಭಿನಾಹಾಬ ಲ ಕ್‌ು ಮಜಾ ಸ ಬಾಜೂ ಇರದ ಇಡೆ ತ ಬ ರ ಸ ಸ್ಟಾ ಇಷ್ಟಿ. 11 ಜಾಸರಾಸವಿಷೊ ಸವ ವಚ್‌ ವ್‌ ಇನ್‌ ಇನೀಲ್ಛರಿ” ಸಾಇಳ-ಯನಾ, ಲ ಇಸ್‌ಹ್ಯೋ ನು ಬಾಸ್ನ ಟ್‌ ಸ್‌ಸ್ರೀಜರೇಡ 2 ತೆ ಕ್ಸಿ “ ಟೆ \| ಹಾಯ ಬಾ ಇ ಇಉ ಇರ್‌ \| \| ಜ್‌ ಹ ಟ್ರುರ ಬ ಗ ಅ ಭ್‌ ೯ ಪ ಸ ಬ ತೀಕ್ರಸೂನ-ನಿ ರಷ ವಿಷ ಚತತ \| \| ಬತಸರ್ನಾಪರ್ಥಿಾ್ಯತ್ತ ಸ "ಇಲಾ ಇಡಿರಿ ಜ್‌ ಕ ಜಿ ; 1. ಬ ಕ್‌ ತ್ತ ಇನಾಸ ನ್ವ ಸ ರ್‌ ಇವ್ರ್‌ ಇ ಸಪ್‌ ಸೆ ಗಾಲಿ ಸಾತ ಆಸ6ಸಾಾಾಾಸಲಾಣು ರ್ನ ಆಡ್‌ ಆರೂ ಜ್ರ ಊ೯ವಸಂರ್ಯಾದರರೇ ಬನ ವಾರಾ್ಗಾಜಾಿದ ಇಸ್ಟು (್ರೆನೀನಸಾ ಸಿಗಿ. ಇಬ್ಬನಿ ಲರ್‌ "ದ್‌ ರಾತ್‌ ಸವಗರ ಸ್ರಾಉ ಗುದದ ಬಸ್ತೆ 1 ೮ ಔಷ್ಯಸತ್ಟಾಂತುನಲ್ಜದ್‌ದಳ್ಳಿ ಯ ಇಮಕ್ಷು ನಿಜಸುದ್ತನ ಘಆಳಿಕಿ ಅತ್‌ \| ್ಯ ಫ್ನಣಸರ್ರ್ರಣನಿತಿ ಸಾನ್‌ ಸೋ ಮ್ಮ್‌ ಸ್‌ ನಡ ರು ಇನ್ಫಿ ಹರಾ ಸ ಛಿ ಸ್ಮ ಬಟ ಡೂ ಗ್ಗ 2ಿಸಾಕ್‌ಹರ್‌ಕ ಎ ಇಂರ್ಶ್ಯಸರಾ ವೀಮಿರ ಯಡಿ ಆಸಿ -ರರ್ಮಾಯ ಕದ್ದ ಇಸಾಕ್‌ 3 ಡ್‌್‌ ' 4 ಡ್ಯ ದು ಆ ಪ ಮಾಯಾ 0 ತಿಷರ್ವರ್‌ ಜರು ರಾರ್ಡಿಷರಸುಕ್ರ ಸ ಜಾ ಸರ್ಟ-ತೊನ್ನಾಣಿ ಠ್ಯಾಕಿಸರ್ಶಿಡಳ ಮ್ಳ ಟ್‌ ಬಚ್ಚಕ್ತು ಛ್ರು ಟು ಸಿರು ಕ್ರಷ್‌ ದಾ ಇಾ೦ರಾರಹರ್ಥಾನ ದು ಶೊ ಜಸತ ಇ. ತಲಿ ಇರರಕಾಳ್ಗಣರಿವೆ ಆಹಾವ್‌್‌ಷ ನರ್ದಮರಾವ” ಲ್‌ ಉಕ ಕೆೇಂದಕ್ಲ ಇ ಇಸಕ್ರು ದತಿಪಿ ತ್ರ ಇರದ) ಬರದ ಕನ ಇರಿ” “ಮರಸ ಐಲ ಇಷ್ರ್ಮಾಸ ಆನು ತ್ರಯ ಹಾರ್‌ ಇರರ ಯ ಸ ಹೊವ ತಾ ಕ್ವ " ತ ಜಾಡರ ಂರಹದರು ಎಎಬದರಾತೂ 4 ಇತ 0 ) ಪ್ಹರತೇಮಾಇಾನದೂ ಸ ನರಾತೂ ಬಳ್ಕವ್ನಡುರ ಗಾಳದ ಇರ ಹೋ ಹ ಆ ತೆ ಆನನ ಯೂ ರಾಧಾ ದ್‌ ವಷ್‌ ಷಾ ಇಜಯಾತಾ ದ್ರು ಳ್‌ ಓದ ಗಚ್ಛಾರ್‌ಯ ಆಡದರ ರಸರುಲತ ರಿಮರು ಬರಾ ರಸ್ರರಾಾಇರಯುಹಳ -ಸೇೀರಡ ಕೂ ರರಎಲ ಯತಾ ದ್‌ತ್ತಿ. ತ್ನ್ನಕಾಲ್ಗ್‌ ಇವ ಸ್ತಮೊಳ್ಳ್ತಿ ಇ ರ್‌ಕುೂ ಇಳ: ರ್‌ ಇವಲ್ಲ ಭಿ ಟಿ ಇಕ್ಷೊರು ಅರರ ರಾರರ್‌ವಾ ಟು ॥ ರ್ಪಯ ಜಾ ಬ್‌ ಇ ಆಜ ದಸ ಚತವ ಬ ತ ಆದೂ ಜರವರ್ಷದಾಗರದ-ಣು ರಾಗದ ರಳ್ಳ ಭಾರದ “ಜಾರು ಬ ಚಾ ಭಾರ್ಯರದೂತ ರ್‌ -ಆಸ-ಶಿರಾಸಿನಳಿತೆ ರಯ ರಾವ್‌ಸರ-ಪಾಾಾ ಅವಿಸಷ್ಟ ಇ ಯಾಂ ಕಾಡ ಎಂತ ಜಾರೊರಾದಲ್ತೇಂಹೂರ್‌ಸುರವನ ಷಾನ ಶಿ ಚ ] ಎ ಪಾ ಚರು 4 ಸಡ್ಡತಸಳ ಓಿ-ಸ್‌ರ್ಯಾರ್‌ಸರಾನ್‌್‌್‌ ಸತಾ ದೊ ಬ್‌ ನ ಷ್‌ “ಡಿ ಇಳ್ಳಿಶಷ್ಟ ಬು ಬಾ ಚಾ ನ್ಯ ಯಾತ ಳ್‌ ಡೀರ್‌ ಸಗಳ ಫಿವಾಡ್ಯತ ಆಸಿ ಶ್ಯ ರೈ ಲೇನ ಕುೂಾಣಾರಹಿ ಐರರ್ಶಿಸ ಸ ರಾದಾ? ಸಪ ಹ ಸತ್ತ ಜಾ ಆರರಂದು ಸಾ ಜಿ ಸ ದಿ ಆರವಂ್‌' ತಿಯ ಓತ “ರಾಯ ಓಎಳಿಂರ್ಟ್‌ರ್‌ ಓತು ಪ್ರರ ರಾರಸ್‌ರಾರರಾ್‌ ಷ್‌ ಸ್‌ ್‌್‌ ರಂ ಇರ್ಲಾಾ ಬ್ರ ಲ ಸ್‌”: ಇದತ ಸತತ್‌ ಪರಸು ॥್ಯ \| ರಾಕಾ ಆರತ, ಬಾ ಚಾ ಇನ್ನರ್‌ ರಾಕ್‌ ಸ ಎದಿ ಅದ “ತಾ ಓತ ಇರಾ” ಬ ಬಿ ಬ (ತ್ರಾ-ಸಳಳ್ಳಿ ನ ಬಸ್ತಿ ಜುಂ ರೇ ಎರಡತ. ಇಬ ಇ-ರವ್‌ಹಣು ತ ತು ಪ ಜು ಬ ಜ್‌ 2 4 ಜರಸಣಜೂಾ ಹ ಮ ಯದ ಸ ಗ್‌ ಸ್ತು ಸ ಡ್ಲಾ್ಸ ತ್‌ಶ್ರ್ರಾ್‌ “4ಜಷಾ ಐನ್‌ ಷ್‌ ತ ವ್ಯಾಸ್‌ ಹಂಳ ಸ ಗ ಸೀಟ ಆದ ಕ್‌ತೇಯಾಸರಂರುು ಬಾ ಅ ಜ-ಮೂತಿ ಯೂ ಇಯಾನ್‌ ಇಳಿಸಿ 9 ಇಂರ್ನದಕಸಿರ ್ರ ಎ ಹಾ ಜಾ 0 ಎಗ್‌ ಟಾ ತ್‌ ಇ೪ದು “ಡರುರರ” ಇರರ್ಡ್ಗಾಹಲ ಇ ಡಾ ಇಾಬರಾರತವ್‌ ಜನಂ ಪ್ರ ಢ-ಯಲ್ಛ್‌ ಹಾವ್‌ ಕಾಸ ಇರೆ ಎಲಾ ಆ ಜು ಐರ್ಯ್ಯಿಸಾಸರಹೋರ್‌ಯ್‌ನ ಮು ಜಾ ಇರಕಸ ರಾರ ಲಾರ್‌ಾವ್‌ ಕ್ಷ ನ (೧2 ರಇರ್ತಾರತ ಸಂ ಪಾ ಭ್ನಾ ಯಾ [ ಥೈ 1೮ ಆರಾಾರಾ್ಯಾಾ ಇಧ್ವದ ರ್ಜ ಭಟ್ರು ಶರಾ ವ ಬಾಸ ಮಿರ್ಪಾಡ್‌ದಸರರರಾವತಾ ಬದರವ್‌-ಡರಾನ ಸಸ: ಇರ್ಗಂಹರಷ್ಟ ಗತಿ. ಕೆ ಸ ಹ ಇರಿತ ವಂ -ಜ್ವಾಸಸೀಬ-ಸೂುತಗ್ರ್ರೆ-ಕಳ್ಳಾಿ _ಮೋೀಕಂರಾಣಾಜಾನಿರರ್ಯತ-ತೆರಸದ್ದು]ಿ ೆ ರ್ಟ್ವಪರ್‌ರ್‌್‌ ಅ ನ ಇಲ್ಲ ರಿರಣಾಸಿ ಇ ಎಂಡಿ ್‌ಸಾಷರಾನನಿ ಫ್ಲೆಲರಚರ್ಯಾ ಕೂ ುತ್ತಿರ್ಜರ್ಣಕ 5 ಹುತ್ತು ಎರರ್‌. ಇಷ್ಟಾ ಅ ರಡ ಇಡಾ ಇಸ್ಟ ತೊರದ” \| ಆ ಟಲಯ ೂ ಜಾ ಕ್ರ ಎ ಇತ, ತಿ-ಸ್ವಶ್ಟ್ರಾಸಂಗಾ ರ್ಜ ರ್‌ ಇವ %್‌್‌ ನೆಕ್‌ ಮೂಡ್‌ ಕಾ ಅರಯದ ಆಅರರಾರಾಾಾಾನ್‌ ಸ್ಯ ಅಂಎತತಡ್ಟ ಗಳತ್ತ ಜ್‌ ಹ ಜು ಆ ವಾ ಸ್ರ್ರೀಸರಾರ್ಮರ್ಟ್‌ಸ್ಟಾರರ್‌ಹ್ಯೋಸಭೂ-ಳ ರ್‌ ರದ ತಸ ರರರ್ಶಿಕಾರಡಾ 7 ಬ್‌ ಯು 4 ಸ್‌ ಸಗ ತ ಚೆ ಇನ ಸೂ (ಗನ (ನಗೆ 9 11 " ಬ! ಅಪಾರಾ ರ್‌ ಜ್‌ \| ಫಾ ಲ ಸೆ ಸ ಎತ ಗ ಎ \| ಘೆ ಬ್‌ ಲ ೃ ರಾಡ್‌ ರಾರಾ (ಫ್ರ್ಯಕ್‌ಕನರರರಗಿ 5 ಪನು ತಕಗನಫ ವಾನ ಬಿಜ್‌ ರೂ ಕ ಸ ರರಾಜ ಟ ಚರು ಟು ಚುರ ಒಲ ತುರು ಹಕಾರ ಭ್ಳು ನ ಗ ಹ ಹ ಸತು ಜಾತ ಪಣ್‌ ದಳ ತರಷದರುಇ ಇರಲ್ಮರರ್‌ಡಜಿ ಸ್ಯ ಬಾ ಹದ ತ ೫. ( ಕ -ಇರ್ಯಹ್‌ಹರುಾ-ಸಸಇರರದಣು ಹಾರಾಾ್ಗ ಹತಾ: ಮುಳ ಸ ಪ್ಪ ಇಸಸಲಾಧ್ಯಾವು ಪ್ರಣಯ ಕ ಹೋ ಆ; ೫ ಸ್ವಾಭಾರಾಕೂ ಊು-ಹಂ-ರಾತ್‌ ತ್ರೇಸ್ಕಿಸಾಡ ಇರವ ಇ ್ಪಉ್ಪ ಮ್ಯಾ ಹಿ “ಾ ಏಸಿ ಶಾ ಅರಸ ಚ ಗ 0) ೧ ಟ್ಟ] ಜಾತ ಶರ್ಕರ ಜ್‌ ತು] ಸೆ ತ ವಿರ 7 ರ್ಷಗಯು್ಯ 31 "ವು ಈ ಲ” ವರಾ ಎಸ್ಟಸನು ಇಗ ಇರ್‌ ಖಿ ಚೆ ಾರ್ಪಷ್ಟ್ಯಷಾಳಾಷು ಮ ಸ ಫತೆ ರಪ ಇತ ಇರರ್ವಾಸ್‌ ಜ್ಯ ರರು ಕಟ ಾರಾರಗತ್‌ಗವ ಇಷ ಲಘ ಇಂ ದು ಲಾರ್ಪಾಕವಖು ಜು ಕ 1 1 ಇಪ) \| (ಜಂ ಆತಾರಾರ್ಯಾ್‌ ಇ್ರಿರಾತ ಸರರವರ-ತ್ಯರಾವ ಗೂ ಸಾಳಾಸ ಡಿಷಂಖ ಭವಸ ಕೃತಿ ಇ್‌ಕ್ಗಷ “ರಡ ಇ-ರೂಳರ್ಣಾಜೆಸೆ \| . .!\| 4 ಕ ಜಾ 2೬೫. \| ರ ತ ಆ-ದಾರಾರ್ಮರಾಶಲು ಆದ್‌ ಧಾಗಿರ್ಯರಿಸ ರನು“ ಇ್ರಇಕೂರಾಡ ದ ಎ ಎಂ ಜಾ ಚು ಜಂ ಯಚಾ ಮಜಾ ಕ ಭ್‌ ಲ್ತು ಸಜ ಯ ಕರತ ಇರಾಕಿ ು ಇನುರವ ರ್ಯಾ್ಕ್ಕ ಜ್‌ ಇರಾ ಡಯಾ, ಅಷ ಬ ರ ಸಾತಿ ರ್ಪತ್‌ನೇಖಾಳ್ಳು ಇರಾ ಅಲಲ್ಲಿ ಲುತಿವಿಇ್ತರ ದು ಇರಾರಿರ್ಯ ಆ ಹ ರಜ ನರ್ಮೂಣ್‌ ಗಥ್ರಇಸ ಆರ್ಯಾ ಸಂತ್‌ ಹ್‌ ಕ “ಷು ಶಿ ಸಾ ಸ ಎಸ ಈೌನಾಸಸಿರಾಸ ಜರಾಗರಕ್ಗಡವಃ ಸ ಶಿಷ್ಟ ರಾವ-ಜರ್ಪರ ಡಿ ಎಕ ಎಲಗರಾರಾತಿ ( ಗ ಕ ಳಾ ಬಾ (ಸ ಕೆ “ಇರ್‌. ಈ ಇ ಜಾ ರಾ ದ್ರು “ಇ ದಿಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರರ್ಥ್ಯಾಜರ್ಯ ಹನ ಆ 2 ಉ ಗಾ ಜ್ಯ ತ್ರಷ್ಟಿತಿ ೫ ಗ \| ಸ ನ್‌ ಸ 1 .॥ ನ ಬ್ದ ಬ್ರು ವದು ಜಾರಗಾವಿಯ ನ ತಿ ಸಣ” ಔರ-5-೮ ಪಿಂ ಕರಿ ತ “ಸೂಪಾ ಇಸ್‌ವಲಾಳ/ವ್ರ ಎಣ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿರ ನ ರಾ ಬ್ರ ' ಸಜಾ ಗೆ ಗು ೯ ಸ ರ್ಸ್‌ ಬ 4 "ಲೈಕ ಕಂ ಜ್‌ ಬರು ಹ ದ ಬು ಹದರ ನಡ್ಮಿಸ ಸ್ರ ಡಾ ಳ್‌ ಇ ಇರು ಎ ಹ್‌ ಹ ಎ ಮಾ ಬೋ ತ್ರಾಸ. ಇಕ್ರಾ ಜಾರಡ-ಜಾ.ರ್ಮಿನಸಸರಾಾಲುದು ಗಾವ ನ ಕ್‌ ರಾ ಜ್‌ ಕಾರ ಂಸ ಬಸ್ಯಾ? ವೀ ನರಪ್ರಶರಾ ಚ “ದ ಇಉುಬ ಮುದದ. ಎ ತ ಜೆ ಸ ಕ \| ಫೆ ಸೆ ಬ್ಯ ಬ್ರ ೯ ಬು ಶು £ ಇಡು ಸದುದ ಕಗಕ್‌ಔಷರ ಇ ಎ ಅ ಪದ್ಯ ಲ್ಪ “ವಾನ್‌ ದ” ಇಸ್ಟ ಇಳಹ್‌ಡೊ ಡಡ ತತಾ ಸಚ ತಾ ಸ (ಿಿ ಇ್‌- ನ ಇಷ ಇರ ಾಸಭ ದಃ ಜ್‌ ಜೆ ಆಮು ಜೆ ಹ ತ ಎಂದ ಕು ಗಡ್ಡ ಇಷ್ಯಾಣ ದ್‌ ಹ ಜು ಬಾ ೆ ಜೆ ಡು ವಾಾಾರರಾರ್ವ್‌್‌ಣಹಲ ಛಾ ದ್‌ ಸವ್‌ ಸು ಜಗತ ಉಷಾ ದಾ ನು ವ್ರತ ಎರಾ ಮಾಾಲುಷ ಉದ್‌ ರ್ರಾಣ ಇ ಐರ್ಮ್ಯಷ್‌್ಷ ಇತ್ತಾ ತ್ತ ಹಾಲ ಸ ಕ ನಳ ೯ ಶ್‌ ಶ್ರ ಫ್‌ ಎ ಆ ಮು ತ ಎಖಾರಾರ್ಮರರ್ಯಾಷ ಇರ್ತು, ಸ ಅ ೭ ದರ್‌. ಅಪಿಸಿಇ ಲದ ಎ ಶ್ರಿಯಂ ರನ್‌, ಳು ಡಾ 7 ಸ ಸ್ವಾ ರಾಸಿ-ಷರಾಕ ಬಳ ಬಣ ಬರ್ದೆ ಇತಯಡ್ಣಿದುರರ್ಫಾವ್‌ಿಷ ಇಷ್ತಿ-ತ್ರೆ ಉರಾಡವೊಇರರಳತ್ರಿ ರದ ತ್ವಂ ಸ [ ಕಾಶ ಎಂಚ ಎಷು ಜುಂ ಜಚಾ ಬಾಹು ತ “ಪ್ರೋ್ಲರಾಗಸರಸನ್ನ ಇರು ಇಾಬ-ಪೂ ತಾರದ ಜಾ ಇ ಬದು ಇಜಿಹಲ್ಲ ಊ ಜ-ಯರಸ-ರಡಿ-ಇಇಸರಾರನರರರ್ಥದಂಸ ಹು 'ದರಿರ್ಜ್ಟವ್‌ಾ4 ಹಸತ ಜಾ ಆಮ್‌ಫೈ ಸ್ರ ತ ಇಸ್ರಾ ಬುರುಗರೂಂಚನ ಸತತ ವ ರಯ ಜು ಜಾಗ ಇರದು ತ್ವಾ ಬಡ್‌ ರಾವ್‌ಸದರ್ತ್ಯು-ತ ಇತಿರ್ಜೀರ್‌ ಶಾ: ಡಾ ಇ ಕ ಕ ನ ಆವಿ ರಾತ್‌ ರ್ಪಾರಾದರಿ ಜೀರಾ ಸಾರರಾರ್ಹವಮ್‌್ಕ್ಷ್‌ ಸರ್ಯರ್ಕೌಾ ಸ್ಯಾ ಫ್ರಿ-ಇ4 ಬರಸ ರತ ಆಸರಡೂ, ಇಾರ್ಯಾರಾ ಜಾರಾ್ಗನ ಸವಿಯ ಚಯ ದ್ಯಾನ ಆಾರ್ಯಾರರರಾರರವದದ ಇರದ ಸಾತು ತದ ನ ಹ ಇಡ ಭರದ್ದೇ ಜ್‌ “ದ ತಪ ಟೊಡಾನಒ ಜಸತ ಆಾರ್ಥಕ ಫ್ಛೀಯ್‌ದ ' ್ಯೂ್ಠಯ5ಮ4್‌ ರ ರಪಸ್‌ಪ್ರಹ್‌ ಏಎರಸಗರ್ಷತ-ತಿ-ದ್‌ಹೂ ತ ರವಳಿ ಗಲುವಳ ಜೂಹಿ ಸ -ರರ್ಗಸಅರ್ವರಾರ ರರ್ಥ್ದತ್‌ರವಾ ನ್ಯ ಬೂಷ್ಟು ಕ ವಾ: ಆರ್ಷ ರಾ&ಿ ತವಾ ಜಾ ಕ್‌ ೩ 4೫ . -ತ್‌ರಮಾ ರರ್ಮಾಟಗಾಸಸ ಶಾಪ ಆಡ ಇತ್ತ್ಯ ಸ್ಪಾ ತನು ತಾರ ತಾ ಕಷ್ಟ್‌ ತಿಯ ವಾ ಹ \| ಇ ಸ್ಸ ಕ್ರ ಖ್‌ ವ್‌ ಸ ಬು ನಿ ಇ ವಾತಾ ಸ \| ಸ್‌ ಇಾರಲಾಗಿ ನಾಲಿ ಪರರಾಾತಲಳಾಳಾ ಠ್ಡಿ “ನವ ಇ ಇತ್ತ “ಸಿಜ್‌ಡೆಣಷ್ಟ್‌ನಗ ಜವ ಆಾರಾರ್ಪಾಡಯುಢಿ- ಸರ್ವರ ಇಗರರ್‌ವ ಡ್ಡ ಇಗೆ ಇಯರ್‌ ಇ ಬಸ ಬಹ ಆಡು ಕ ರಾಸ ಉಮಾ ಸುವಲಾಜೂಂತ 3 ಈ ತ್‌ ದ ್ಲ 4 ಬು 1 ಹ್‌ ಸ ಡಡ್ಮ \| ಸ ಜೆ ಮ ಲ ನೈ ಚ ಕ್ಲ ಲಾರ್‌ಗಾಂಕಾಸರರ್ವಣ ರತ ಕಕ್ಕಿ ಬರತ್‌ ರಾಜಸ ಎರ್ತ್ಯಾಳ್‌ ರಕ ಸು ರದ ಸಷುಸಾಜ ಬಾಜೂ ಸ 4 ಳನ್ನು ತ ಸಕ ಶ್ರ ಬ್ರ ಎ ಟ್ರ ಳು ಇಸು ಸ ಜೆ ಸೆ ಗ ್‌ ಡೆ ದ ಜ್‌ ಬ ಮು. ಯಾಜ ತು ತ ರ ಗೇ! ಸ್‌ ತ ತರುರಾವದಿಇದ ಬ್‌ ತಾಕ್ಕೆ ಇ ರ್ಸ್‌ “್‌ಿ (ಸಲ್‌ ್‌ ಹಾಸ ಳಾವ ಸ್ರ 4 ೪ನ ಇದು ಸು ಅವ ಇುದ ಲಾಸ ಟ್‌ ಭೈ ಡಾ \| ಹು ರ್ಯಾಸೂಲು 22 “ಪ್‌ ಜು ತ ತಸ ಎ ಬು ರ್ಟ ಸಳ ಲಾರ್‌ 2 ನಿತ ನರಾ ಕ ಲ್ಮು ಚ ಜು ರಜ್‌ರದಿಕಲ್ನಗರಸ ಸೀಯ ಜು ರ್‌ ಇರಿ ನರರು ಲ್ವ ಮಳ ಉಾನಾಘುಂಸೊಣ್ಣಾ ಇನಿ ಷ್‌ ಇಇ ಸ ನ ಸ ಸ್‌ ಸ ತ ಇನ್ನ ಎ ಜ್‌ ಜ್‌ ವ ಕ ಸ ರಷ್‌ ರ್‌ಪಕಸಸರರಹುೂ ತೆಾವ್‌ಜ' ಆಸರ ರನಡು ವಗರ ಶರಾತ್‌ ಠ್‌ ಸ ಸ್ಯ ಚತ! ಮಾ । ಇ ಇ ಜ.೫ ೬ \| ರಾ ಹಸು ಜ್‌ ಜಾ ಇರಾ ಕಾರಿಸ್‌ರರಾಘ ರರಾಜ ಮುತ್ತಿ ಇಷ್ಟಿ ಷ್‌ ತ” ಇಸ ಇಸ ಸಾ ರಾರೇೊ್‌ಸಿ ಇರ್ತಾಸರರಾಧಾ] ತ್ಯ ಸದ್ಯ ಕ್ಷ) ಗ್‌ ಇರಾ ನೆ \| ಟ್ರ ಸಗ ಲು ದ್ರು ಛಾ 1 ಆಜ ಬ ತ್ಯ ತ ಆರ್ಮ್‌ ್ಯೋೋರಿಸಾದದೂ ಇ ಇರರು ೧ರ್ಜಾಾಹರ್ಷಷರೂ ರು ಬು “ಷರ್ಯ್ಗಷ್‌ಧಂವಿತ ವಡಾ \| ಇ ಅರಾ ತ್‌ (\| ಬ ಮ ) ಕೌ \| 3 ಕ್ಯ ಫೆ ಚ ಸ್ನ ಎ ಎಲ್ರು ಸ್ರ ಗ್ದ ಗ್‌ ಕ ಮಾ ಸರು ನ್ದ ಸಮ `ಸ ಮಚ ಕೆ! ರ್‌ ಶೈಸಡುತಿ ನ ಜ್‌ ಜಾರ ಡ್ಯ. ಸಾ ಬಡಿಇಟಿ ಇನ್ನು ಇತ; ತಿ ೦ಜಿ ಮಾ ಯು ಪ ಭ್‌ ಸುಷ್ಟ ಜತ ಸ ಸ್‌ ಇತತ ಹ ಹಚ ಕ ಕ್ರತಿ ರಸಾಜ್ಟ ಇರರ ಜಾವ ಹಾ ಜ್ರ ಸ್‌ ಸ ಎಂಬಿ ಬು ಜೌ ಕ ಜಾ” ಸಿ ಕ್ರಲ್ರ್ರಾ ಜ್‌ ಆರರ ಆಾರವಹರಿಸಿಇಂರ ಸ್ಕಾ ದ್‌ ಬು ಅ ) ಕ್ಲಾರಾ ಣೆ ತ 5 ಲ್ಕ ತೊ! ಟು ಕು. ಇಲಲ ಜಸ ಇರಲಾರರಿ ರಸರದೂ, ಸ ಇತ್ತ ಆಲ ಜಾ ಶ್ರ ರು ಯು ಜರಿ. ಫ್ರಾ ರ್ರ” 6 ಈ 4 ಬೆ ಜಾ ಇಸಾಕ ದಾರರ ಜಷ್ಯ ಬಾರಾ ಇದ್ದ "ತ್‌ “ರಿತ. (ಡರ್‌ ಹ ಪ ಜು [ \| ಹೋ ಯ \| ಆ 2 ಬಾಜಾ ಪರಾಶರ ಇಯ ಗಿಂ: \| ಎ ಸ ಡಾ ಕಾ (1 ಇ ಬಾರೋ ರ ಲ್ಚಲಫ್‌್‌್‌ ತೆ ಹ ಗುದ್ದು ಜು ಮಿರಿ ಸ್ಟಾ ಇರರ್ಯಮಾ%ು ಟ್ನ್‌ ಬ ಸ್ಯ ಹ ಹಾ. ಇ 3 ಮು ರರರಾರಲಾರಇರರಿ ಇದೆ ಜಃ ಹಯ ಜಯ ಪ್ರಜು ರ ರರರಾಧರಾರರರ್ಯಾಕತು ರಾಕಫಿಳ್ಟತನ ನ ರ್ಯ ಜಹಾ ಸ ಗ್‌ ಎಂಬಂತೆ ಮಗುಗೆ ತ್ತು ಇ ಜಿ ಮಸ ದಾ 1. ಹ ಗ ಟಾ ಲ ಇರರ ಲ್ವ ರ್‌ ಬರರ್ಯುರಾರ ನಸ ಜಾ ಬಗಯ ಟು ಸ ಡಿ ಕಷ್ಟ್ಯತಸ್ಫೇನಾರರ ಹಾರುವ ಬಡವ” ಕ ಇ \| ಯಾ ಜ್‌ ಬೂ ಲೆ ದ್ರಿ ಬ್ರು ಚಾ ಜೆ ಎ ಸ ] \| ಯಾ ಬ್‌ ಆ ಆ 2ರ ಸ ಜ್ರ ಯ ಬಾ ಕ ಕೇಗಡಸಳಾರ್‌ ಲ \| 1 \| ಗ ಸ” ಲ್ಕ 2 1. ಡೆ ೫9 ( ಟ್ಟ ಗ 6 0 \| ಇ! ಗಿ 141 \| ಬ್ರಿ ಜಬ) 1 ಸ್ಸ ಜೆ. 1 ಕಾಗ ಆಾತಔಷನ ಬಕ್‌ ಔಷ ಅಷ್ಟ ಇ4'ಸಾಸ್‌-ರ್ಕಾರದರರಾಇ ಸುತ್ತಾ ಎ6 ಇಾಸ್‌ಮ್ಮನಂನುಕ್ಲಿ ಇರು ಇರ್ಯರ್ಕ್ಯ್ರಾ ರಜಾ ವದನ ಇಾ೧ಇ”ದನಿ ಕಾ ಹಾಸು ಬ ಆನ“ವರನಿಂರಾವ್‌ನಿ್ಟು ರದ ಸರ್‌” ಆರಾ ್‌ೌ ವ್ರಜ ಸಸರ ಸಾಧಂಕ್ರೌಯಅದರಎಾ ರಾರಾ ಕರರ ರಾಗ್‌ ಕ್ಯಬಳದೂಲ ಸ್ನ \| “ಇ ಘೀ ನ ದ್ಧಿ 1 1 ಲ ತ ನಲ ಇಂ ಬಾಗ್‌ ದ್ರ ಸ ತ್ರ ಜಾ ತ ತ ; ಕ “ಬ್‌ಸರರಾಾಕಹಾರಾ ಇ್ಯಾಕಸ್‌ುತಿ ಶೇರ್ಯಾಲ್‌ಟ್ಯ ಸಿಯ ಇಂ ಇರಾಕ್‌ ಇತ್ತಿ-ಎಗ ನಿ ಇಸ ತ್ರಾ ಜ್‌ ಇಹದ ಕ ಜ್ರ ಸಾಕಲು ಮುಂಲ್ತ್ರಾ ಜಾ ಸ ಜು ಆ ತ್‌ ಸ ್ಲ ಜ ಚಾ ಇರಾಡಸರೀಲಳ್ಟ್ಳ ರ“ ಲದ ಸೀಷುದು. ಸ \| ಇಬ ಮು ಡಿಸಿತಿಗಾತ್ಮೀಖಾ ರತು ಇಂರೊತ್ಕೆ ರಷರರಾಸರ್‌ಸರಾಣಬನಿದಿ-ಇಂವರ್ವಹಯ ಹ ಇಂಿಸ್‌ಸರಸರಿಸ ಭೂ ಇಂತಿ ನಸ. ಅತ್ಯಗಾತ ರರಹರಾಷೂ ಇಡಗತ್ರ-ನರ್ಜರ್ವರದರಇಗರ ಲದ ಅಹ್‌ಷೂ ಸ ಸಾ ಇಂ ಅಜತ ಹಾ ಲ ಪ್‌ ಇರಡಿ್ರಎಯಿಸಾಡಲತ-ಣ ವಾ: \| “ಇದಕಕ ಷ್ಟ” ಎ ತುಜಾ ಜ್ವರವು: 4 ಟಿ ಬ ತಕಕ್‌ಕ್ಲಾಕ್‌ಫಢ್ಟಿಸೆಲಾರ್‌ಸುರಾ್‌ನ್‌ಸರನರ್‌ ರಾ ಇ ಬ ಉ೨ ಣ್ಯ ದ ಸೇರ್ಮೇಸ ಇರರ್ವಾಪುಣೇಳ್ಳ ಬಪೂತೋೋಸುಕಡರ ಟಕ. ಕಾಚಾ ಹಿ. ಸಜ ನ್ಯಿಧ್ಯರಷ್ಟ್‌ ನಷೆ ಹಡನ? ಸಾಯ ಇಸರ್‌ತೆಷ ಪ್ರಕಸ್ರಸರಲ್ಬ್‌ವ್‌ನಾಇರ್ಸ್ಸ್ಯ ನೆ ಇರ್ದನ್‌ನ್‌ನಿಇಗಿ ಸ್ರರನಸಃ ಗ ಹ 2: ಭಕ ಸತ್ತಾ? ಅರ್ಯಾಡ್ಯೇಸಾಸೇರಷೇಿ ಕ ಆಡಿಸ ಅರುರ್ಜಪರಾರರೇಕಾಷುಬಾಲಸಕಿ ಅುತಸ್ಸಕಾಗ್ಯಾ-7ವ೯ತ್‌ಸರಾರುರಾಸರಿಇಂರನಿಲ್ಪಳ್ಳಗಾಿ, ಕ್ಸ . ಇತ್ತೆ ಎ! ಜಾರ್ಜಲಾಡ್‌ಇಷ್ಟರವ್‌ಸ್‌ಸಕ್ರಗ ಭು ಸಃ ಶಿಷರ್ಡೇಿನ್‌ ೯ವರಾರ್ವಾ-ರ್ಷ್‌ ಇರ್ತಾವ ಪತ ಲ್ಕ 1 ಇಷ್ಟ್‌ ಹ ಯ್‌ ಇ೯ರಪ್‌ಹಳಿಇ ಇದಗ ಸರ್ಫರದ ಆಲಾ ಎರ ಇ ರ್‌ೂ ಕರ್ಸಕ್‌ನರಾ ಇ ಸ ಇ ಇರಾಾರಹತುರ್ಥಾರ”ವ- ಾರ್ವಾಹಣಸಿ ಬಂ -ಷ್ರೂಾರಷ ಇರುಡಾೂು ಸರಾಿಶ್ರಷ್ಟವೆ \| ಹ ಸಾತತ್ಯ ಇ ಕೆ ಸ್ತ ಜ್‌ ಕಾತ್‌ಹಇರಾರಭ್ಯ ರ ಇಷ ಹೇನಾಳನಾಳದ್ಟ್ರುಂ ತಾರೇ ಸ್ಯ “ಭಾ ಆಸಆಪತ್ಛಿಸಿಸಸುದ್ದ ಳಳ ಇಳಾರ್ಜನದ ಪರ್‌ ಎ ವ ಸ ಸ 9ರ೯ಬಡಂಕೂಇತತಶಸರೋಸಸರ ಬಾ ಕಾಟಾ \| ಲ್ಯಾ 1 ಡೆ ಸ್ಥಿ ರಡ ಜಾ ಸಾ 'ನರರಾಇದ' ಮಾ ವರಿರಗಸನಾರ-ಡ' ನಸೋಬುಸರೇರಸ್‌ನಿ ನಷಕ್ರಾಕ -ಜ್‌ರ್ಯಾಜಾ್‌ ಸಾತ ಇರವ್‌ಔರಾತಪ್ರೌಸ್‌ಸರಸ್‌ ಜಾ ಇನ್ಟಿ್ಸಿ ಕಾಟ “ಛಾ ಇಸ್ನರತನರಾಡ್‌ 5ಫೇಅವ್‌ಆಾ೯ದರರಸ ಲನ್‌-ಐಸ ಇದ್ದು ಥಿ ಜಾೀರಾರಿಷ್ಟೊ ಜ್ಯೂಷತ ಆಹ ರಡ್‌ಸರ್ಜಾಸಯುತ ಬ ಸನಿ ಚ್ರ್ರಿರ್ಜಾ ದ್‌ ಹ ರ ಬ್ಲ ಆದಾ ಾಡಳಿ ಇರೆಸರುು ಅ ಚ ಬೋ ಭ್‌ ದ ಭೀಕರ ತಶಲ ದರ್‌ ಸ ಸು ುುುಪಯುು ಸ "6 ಆವಳ ಹೇೋಡರೋಜದ್ಲಿ ಆ ನ \| ಇಸ್ಕಿಂ ತೆ ಸ್ಟ್‌ 'ಇ್ತಿದ್‌ತ ಚಿಯರ್‌ ಶಿೀಷ್ಣಣ್ಣು. ಗ! \| ರಯ ಮಯಿ ನರಾ ಇಂಡಿಯ ಬೆ ನರ್ಷರ್ಟಸವಿರಡ್ಛಾ ಗ ಂಯ ಟ್ರೂ ತನಕ ಬಂ ಡಳು ಮಾರಾ ಉಷ ಇಸ್‌ ಸೇಸ್‌: ಪ್ವಷ್ಪರ್ರಣ ಪ್ರೋ) ; ಫ್ಕರಸ್ಟೀ (ರ ಾರರಾನ ನಿಷ್ರಧತಿ ಪ ಎನ ಯ ಎ್ಪೋಂಲ್ಪ ಇಷ ಆ-ಹಗಿಸರಇ ಇಡ್‌ಕ್‌ೌಸಿಇ-ನ-ವ್ವಂರ್ಶ್ವಡೆ ಅರ್ಜದ್ದರೇಡು. ಅಪ್‌ಸರ್ತಾಸದ್ದೀ ತನ ಇ ವಾಭಾಳಭಕಲ ಕಿ ಜು ಇಂತ ಡ ಡಕ ಹ್‌ಹರಾಹು್‌ ಮಯಾ ಜಾಸು \| ಹ ಸಯ "ಲ್‌ರೇಲೇಸಾಇರದನ ಈ ಗ್‌ನ್‌ಸರಾಸಡ್‌ ಸೂಲ ವರಾುತ್ತಿ ರ್ಶ್ಟರತಿ ಭು ಸ್ರಿನಡರತ್‌ಸ್ಲ ಹತ್‌ ಯಂ ಜಾ ಇ ತೆ ಸ್ಹನಮೊಂಕು ಜಕ್‌ಷಸಗರರಸರಲ್ಟಾಡೆ ಹರಸ ಆವ ತೂ ಸಿಕ ಷ್ಟ ರ್ರ “ತತ್ರ ಪ್ರರ್ಜಕವರಾಸಸ್ನೋಗವಣಿ ಇಗಸನರಸೀತ್ತಿ ಫಿ-ಆರಿಇಸಿ ಎ ಮಂ “ಇರಿಸ-ಸಗಇ ಇರದು -ಇರವ್‌ಮನ್ನಾಳಿ ಇದರ ಾಳಾರ್ಸಾಷ ಇಪ್ಟಾ ಇರತಾಗಾ ಇಸದಿಡರಾದ್‌' ಧ್ವ ನೇಯ ಯುವ್‌ ಸಾ ಪಯ ಪಡು ಮೂ ಜಡ ಎಉ ಬಡ ಬು ೋ್ಬಉೃ ಉಂ ಇತರರ ಕರರಇಳುತಿರತರೌ ಬಲ್ಲ. ಇತಿ “ಜೀರ, ಯ್ಯ ; ರಸಸಾರ ರ್ಪಾಷ್‌ರತ್‌ವರಸಿಸರ್ಣವರಾಸುನ ಸತರ ಕಚಡ ಇತ್ತ . ಇ ನರ್ಷಷ್‌ಹೆಜಛರ್ಯ್ಯದ್‌ಸ್‌ಡವಾಯಸಿತ್ಥ ತ್ತ ಇಂಸಿ್ಲಜೀಯೇ ಅಸತ ರುಂ ಕೊ -ತೀರಹ, : ಿರವ್‌ನರಾಗಕಳ ಕ್ಟ -ರ್ಗಸ್‌ಇಲ್ಣಡ್‌ದ್‌ಇಡಗ ಒರ್‌ ಕಾಕಾನ ಮವ ನಾಡಿಯು ತ ಗ 4. ಇಸ ಕಾಲನ್ನತಿ-ತೆೊೋದ್‌ಸ್ನಷಾಬಗವ ಇ ತಸ ಇಷ್ಟತಿ ಟ್‌ ಇರಿಸಿ ಹೂ ಸ ನಷ ಬ ಪುಷಕ ಗಡದ ಇರು ಹ್ಯೂ ಇ ಆಸ್‌ ೬೬72. ಎ ಲ್ರು ಚೆ ಜ್ಞ ಹೆ ಜ್‌ ಕಸಿ ಐ ಲ್ರಾತಃ ದರ್‌ `ಸ ಚ್ರರ್ಣ್ಯ್‌ ಆಾರಿಷೇಕಿ ಸಾಪ 'ಇಹಾರ್ಜ ಮೌಲಿ ನರ್ಜಾರ್ಸಾ್‌ ನ ಜಾ ಸ್‌ ಆ ಗತಾ ಇ ಟೆ ಬ 4 ಬ್ರ ಆ ಡಿ ಎ ಶ್ಯಇ-ಇಲಾತಿಮಾತೆ ರುಸ ಸಇ ೪ ಜಯಾ ೩.18 ಇಸು ತೆ ವಡೆ ಜ7ಯರಾಯನಿಗಾ, ಆ ಎೃ ಸ ವ್‌ರ್‌ಹ ಧ್ನ ಹಾ ಇಸಿ ಮಾ ಎಳ್ದುಾರ್ಥ್ಕ್‌ ಅಧಿಕ್‌ ರಷ್ಯದ ಜ್‌ ಕರಾ -ಕ್ಯಾಸಲಾ ದ್‌ ಣ್‌ ಇದಾ ಹಾ ರರ ಾಾಕಗ ಜು ಆ... ಇರೀಯಹುಬುಯಾದ ದ ಬ್‌ ಡಾ ಕ 8 \| ರೆಂಬ ರಂ ಇ-ಗರಾರಾರಾತ್ಡಿ ದರಸ ಆ್‌ಸದಷೂಂ ಸ್ರತ ಷ್‌ ರಷ ಲರರಪೂ್‌ ತಾ ಎಡ ಆರ್‌ ಯು ಜೂ ಬಾ ಲ್ನ ಇ ದು ಸ್ತುತ್ಯ ಘಸರರ್‌ ಬಾ ಜಾ ವು ಐಬು ಕರದ! ನ ಇಲುನ್‌ ಐದರರ್ಪಾಸರಾಜ್ಯಇಇಕರಾರಾದಾಿ ಹತತ ನ ಕ ಷ್‌ ತ ೨೨೪ ರಾರ ಇ ರದ(ಯ ಎ ಹಾ ರ್ಯ ಆಡೂ ಸ ಇಂಪು ತ್ರಾ ದ ಬಲಿ ಲು ಇ “ರ್ಟ ತು (\| ತತ್ರ ಸರ್‌ ಎವ ಚ್‌ ಸ್ಯಯದ್ರಿನಲ್ಯ ಕತೆ ಹ ಇತ್ತೀರಾ ಪಪ್ರ-ಪ್‌ಶಂಸ್ಕಾ ಗಾ ಆಜಂ ಷಡ ಹರಾರಯ ಗಡ್ಚಸಿರಾಸಸ್‌ಗಳಖಿ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಇತಸೂರಾಣಡೆಲ್ಳರ ತು ಸಿ' ಬು ಹಹ ಚಾ ಸ. ಗೆ ತ? “್‌ಹಲ ಜಾ ನ! ಲಕಾ ಹಇಇಷರಯತು. ಕ ತಾ ಜ್ಯರ-ರ್‌ಷಇ ತ್ಯಾ ಸು. ಸ್‌ ಸ್ರ ಕ್ಕ ಜೌ ಟ್ನ್‌ ಥ್ರ ರಜರರಾಹ. ಇ ತ ೬ಷ್ಟದ ಇಂಸಾಡ ಹಾ ಇತ್‌ ಇರ್‌ಜ್‌ವಾರನಿದ ಇರಲ ನೌರು ಹಾಕ ಆ! ಇ ಇಸ್ರಾ ಚಾ ಶ್ರ್ರಘಿ ಇಸಂಜ ಬಾ ಜಃ ದಜ ಈ ರಷ ಚ ಸ ದಾತ್ಮ ಎರರ್‌ ಸ್ರ 1 ಡ್‌್‌ 2 ಅ ವೀವ್‌ ಪ್‌ ಹಾವೆ ಎರಿ ನ ಚ ಬ ಸ ಇ” ಬಾರಾ ಬಾಜಾ ವಸು ೌ ಮನ್ನಾ ತ್‌್‌ ಘೆ ಸ್ರ ಏರ್ಥ್ನಾಗ' ್ಚಣತೆ “ರ್ದ ತ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಪ್ರ ಬಾ ಜ್‌ ನರಾರುಂ1 ಹರೇ ರಿರರರಮಾಣರು-6” ತ ಚ ಗ ಟೆ ತವು ಸಡಾ ಇರ್‌ ರನಸುಯರನುಲಯ% ಎಜು ಜು ಜಬ ಜೂ ' “ಸರಪರ ಇಯು ತಾ! ಯಾಕೆ ಕ್ಟ ್ಮ ಯೆ ರಾಧೇ ಮನಯ ಮಾವಿಶಿ ಕಾ ಅ ತ ಲು 1 ತಿ ತ ಹರಾ ಧೀರರ ಎರ್‌ ದಹ್‌ರಾ-ಪೂರಿಸ್ಣ ಭೂತ್‌ ಜು ಇಡ-ತಾರ೯ದರುಲ್ಲಿ ಕ ಳ್ಳ ಸತ ಇರಗೂ ರಯ ಜು ರ್‌ ತದ 6 ಸಕು “ಇಸ್ರಾ ಕಾಚ ನರ ಆರಾ ಆದಿತಿ ಸ ಅಲಿ ಇರುಸು ಸ್ವರಾ ಸಃ ರಡಡಿ-ತ. ರಾರ ರಡಾರಾಗಸ ಆಸು: ಸರಾಸರಿ ಇಗ ಇ ರೂ ಹಾ ಡದ ನ್‌ 4 ಮದರಾಸಿನ ಇ ತಾಳು ಗಾರಮದ ಅಡಿ ಆ-ರಸಸಷುರಾಸಮ್ಪರಾರಾಡತಕ್ಕ್‌ಪ್‌ದ ತ ತ್ಮಿ ಕರು ಛು ಇಾನಿಛ ರಲಿ ನಾರ್‌ ಭ್ರ ಸ ಎ -ಆ್‌ಪ್ರೆಸೊಕಗಕಾನದ್‌ಿ ಇತ್ತಾ ಎನ್‌ ಧ್ಯ ಸಜನ್‌ ತಳಥಭಸನದುಕ್ಳರರವ್‌ನಾ “ದಿ ಆರಿ ಡ್ನ ಇರ್‌ ಜೆ “ಇ ರಾಣ ಳ್‌ ಲ್‌ ವರ ಹರಾದಾದನು4 ನಕ್ಚಲರ್ಸಾಕ್‌ತೆ ಆರಾ ಹುಮಾ ಷ್‌ ಜಾ ಸ ಕ ಸತತ್‌ -ಆಗರರ ೬ ಯ ಸರ್ಜಾ ಗ್‌ರರೂರಾದ್ದರರೂ ಹ ನಲು ರರ ಸ್‌ ಇಲಾ ತತ 0 ನಸ್ಯಕಿರ ತ್ತು. ವೆ ಇರ್‌ಇರರೇಾಲದರ್‌ಹಾಾ ಆರುಾಸರತ ಹಾಸ ಯಗ ಅಪ ಜಬ ಎಿರಗಾಸ-ರ್‌ಾಸಯುೂಉು ಇಬ್ದರ್‌ ದ ಇಕ್‌ಪತೊಪ್‌ಇಲ್ಬತ್ತರ್ತಿಗ್‌ರಾ್ಕ. ಹಾ -ಭೇರ್‌6 ಜಾಯಾ ತಕ ಅಷ್ಟಕ ಸತ್ಯ ಸಸನ ಇ ತ "6, ಜರಾದಕೆವರಗಛಾಗುರಾ-ವರ್‌ಡಡ್ಕಕಾಳ್ಳ ಆಶಾರ್ದಕಾರಾಬ ಹಾಡದ ದರ್‌ ಇತಯ! ಫ್ರಾ ಸಪ್‌ನಲ, ರಾಮು ಇ ಸಟ ಬಾಕ ನಿತುಸ್ತೆ ಫತೆ ಆಡನತುಬ್ರಇತ್‌ನಿ ಇತಿ ಬಇವ-ಷ್ರ ಸಬರದ ಮರಿಕಾ ಉಸ್ಸ್‌ ಪಾರ್ಸಲ್‌) ಎ ಡ್ವಿಸರಾರ-ರರ್ಹನವರ “ರರ ಜು ಕ ರಾರರಯುತರಣ ಇರದ್ರಂಯಾಲಹ್ರತಿ' ಹಾಸರು್ರಕ್ಕಡಾಿ ಉ್ಥಿರ್ಜರ್ಗದನೆ ಅಕಸಿರಾತ ಇಮರ್ದಿರ್ಯತಾರಾನ ರಾ ಸೂದ್ಛೇೊತಕಸಮಾತೇೋಲ್ಸಂದರ್ಫಾಗ್‌ ಗ ಆಕ, ಧರ್ದಿಪ್‌ರ್ಸರರ್ಮ್‌ಹಲ್ತದ ಎಇ ಪ ಇರವಾರ್ಯಾರಾ ಳ ಹ ಜ್‌ ಇಸಿ ಎಡಿ ಸ 1 ಸು ಸಾಕಾ ಳ್ಳ ಗ್‌ ಸ -ವಪ್ನಣಕರ್ಯಕ ಇರ ಜಂ ಸರ್‌ ಜ್‌? ಲ ಕ ಜ್ಮು ನ ಬ ಸ್‌ಕಸೀಿ ತ್ರೆ ಆವ ದ್‌ ಷಾ ಈ. ಶ್ಜಿ ಈ ಗ್ರಾಸ ಬಾಬು ತ (ೈಯ್ಯಾಾ ರಸಗಳ ಬ ಹಿ ಡಿ ರಿ ಸ್ರಜತಾಳಾ ಆ ಬ ಸ ಚು ಬ ರಾ ಬ ಸ ದ್ದ ಆ ಜು ಬೆ ಣ್‌ 8 ಬು ಇದ್ರ ರದು ನನಾ ನಾನಿ ಆಸು ೬ನ ್‌ಯೇೇ ರರತುಗಾಳುಂಯಿ ಇಸ್ಟ್‌ ಸಃ ವ್‌ ಜುಗ ಸ ಲು ಹ ಲ್ಲ ಲ ಸ ಛಾ ಭು ರಕ ಶಾಅಾಷ ಹೇರ ಮಾಗರಾಮು ಷುಸಷಾ ಸ್ನ \| ಸ ಸ ಸುತ ಸಾ ಈ ತೆ ಟಾ ಸ ದ ್ಕ ಆರಾರರ್ಯದಿ ಕುರ ರರಾಜ ದು ಇನ ಇಇ ಧರಿ ಆರ್‌ ಇಾರರಕರಣ ಕುಡ ಆರ್‌ ಸ ವಸ್ಯಾ ಎದಿ ಸ್‌ ಠ್‌ ರ್ಜ ಾ ರಹಾ ತ್ಲಇಸಂರು ಬರ ಸರ್‌ ಯ್‌ ಇಸೀರುತ್ಯತ್‌ಡಈಾ ಇರರ ತಾಪಿ ಬ್ರ್ಪ ಛು ಸ ೨ ಕ ಎಂಗೆ ಲಿ ತೆ ಸ ಎಂದಾ ಸ್ಯ ಐರಇಹ ಇ] ಇರವ 'ರಾನ-ರರಾಸ ತ್ರದ ಇದ ಆ ಆಹಾರ ಬರ್ನೆ ಗಾರ್ಸ್‌ಸ ಇರ್‌ ರಾವ್‌ ಶಾ ಉದಾ ತ ಉರುಟಿ ಸ್ಪ) ೪ಯ್ಯಾ ಹಾ ಸ್ರಿ ಎ ಶೆ ಸೆ ನ್ಮ ಬ ಜಾ ಹ “ರುಷ್‌ “ತಾರಿ ಷ್‌ ಆಡು 7 ದರಿಶ್ಯೊ ತ್ತು. ಸ ದ ಭವ ಆಂಡ ಇಂತುದೆ ಆ “ದರಸ ೫ ರಾರಾ ಹಸ ಗ ಬು ಬಜೆ “. ರಸಹಣಸಿತ್ಕೆ ಭ್ರ. ( ರಸ್‌ ಸಾ ಇಡ ಇಷು ಎ! ಹಾಡ ಜ!: ಬ್‌ ತ್ಯಾ ಉದಯ ಇಗಷರ-ಶ್ರೊಡಸು ಸ್ರ ನ ಕ್ಷ ಸ್ಟ ಗು ಆವಸಿಇುಂ್‌ "ಆಹಹ ಡ್‌ ಹಟ್ಟ ಜಡೆ ವಿರಾಸಷಾರನಪಾಗ ೫ರಷರಷ್ಟ ಬ್ರಹ ಆರ್ಯ "ಆಾರಾಜಾಳುಕೆ «ಇ ಸ ಹಾ ಜೊ ತರರ್ಣಾವಡಂ ಇಂದಾ ದಲು ಆಹ್‌ ಫೋಇತಾರಾಪ್‌ನ್‌ಡ್ಳೆ ಸೌತ್‌ ಶ್ರಿ ಇಾರಾಕರ್ಟಿವ್‌ಕ ಜಮಾ \| ೫ ಸ ಬ್‌ ಛೂ ಕ ಲ್ಲೊ ಆಜಾ ಟ್‌ ರಯುತ್ರರರವ್‌ ಇವಿ ಆಸು ಇಷ್ಟೂ ಾರಾಕ 'ಪ್ಯಾಇಹ್ಮಪ್ರಉ5-ದ ಬಾ ಲತಿ೨ಐರ್ಷರಾಶ್ಥ್ಯ ಫ್ಲ್ಳಾಸ। ದಾ ಸ್ಯ ಫ್‌ ಆಶಯ ಬ ಜು, ೫1 ಚ ಚ ಸ ನ ತೆ (ಇದಿಷ್ಟು ಉು 7ರ ತಲ ಸುಇರರರ್‌ಷ ಇಗ ಮುದ್ದ ಅರತರೀಾಹುರುರಾಇರಾತಾರ್ಥುತ್‌್ಮ ಹೇ ಜು ಬಾ ಸ್ಯ ಜಾಷಾ್‌ೆ ಬ್ಹ್ಮ ಛು ಮ್‌ ಆಸರರಾರಾಾಣದರಸರಾ ಜಗಾ ಜಾ ಕ್ರಾ ತಾ ಜು ವಿರಳ ಲ ದ ಇಕ್‌ವ ಸ್‌ ರಾದ ತೇಭಾರ್‌ೂ, 1 ಡ್‌ ದುಷ ರರಸರ್ಯಾವಕೂ ಬಟ ದಲು ನನನ ಜತರ ಇನರರಾಗಹತೆ ಎರು ಲಾಸ್ಯ ನಟಿ “ರಿಪ ರರೂ ಮಾ ಸ ಇಾರ್ಯಾಜ ಇದು ಆಡುಸಾಾ ರದು ನಡಹಿಳ್ಳೆ ಐನ್‌ ಇಸಂಕಾರದರು (ಆವಿ ರವಿ 9 ಇತದಡ್ಟು ಇಲ್‌] ನಾಲಿ ಇ ರರ್ವಾಫಾ್‌್‌್‌ ಮ ಸ್ರ ಯಹಾಗ ಸಾ 111 ಸಭ ಸಸ ಸಾ ಭಿಹ್ಪಾ ಸ ಬತ ಗಗ ಸಪತ ಬ ಬ ಬ್‌ ಸಹಾ ಇ ಚರ್‌ ಜಾ ಬ ಕ ಬ ಗಾ ಸಾಗ ಇ ತಾಗಿ "ಕೆ 1 ಸ್‌ ಕ ಸ ಕ್ಯ ನ ಇ ಭು ್ಲ ಇ ಛು ಹ ಹ ಹ್‌ ಬಿ ಪ ್ಯ -ಇಡಸಿರಾತಿ ರ್ಯಾ ಜ್‌ ಇಿ-ಇರ್ಮೂಕ ಈ ೧ ಬಾ ಇತತ ತಯ ಮ ಇಟಾವಾ: ಹಾ \| \| ಕೆ 1 ದ್‌ ಇರ” ಜ್‌ ತ್ವರ್ಸಾಕ್‌ ತ್‌ ಲಾ ಬಾಕ ಗ ಭ್ಯ್ಯಸರತ್‌ತ. ತ್ಲ ಇ೮ಷದಿ ಆಯ್ಯಾನಸ: ತನನ್‌ ” ಬತ್ತ ತ್‌್‌ ಜಾರ್‌ ಯಂ ರ್ಯದ್‌ಸವ ಜಲಾ ಶ್ರ ಈ-ಆ-ತಾ ಪಸಧ್ರಾಣಲಾ 5ನ ಆಜುಗಹಗಯುಡ ೬ ಬ] ಇರ ಸ ಇ ರಾ ರಯಇಎ ಕು ಹುಸ-ಎರ-ಸಿ ದಶ ಸಕಾ ಇತವಾರಾದ್ರಾಹಲು ಫ್ರೀ ಜಾಸು ಹ್ಯಾ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ ಇ ಶ್ರಇ--ಳ್ಕು-್ರಎತು ಹ “ಮರ್ಗ್ಯಡ-ರ್ಕಿನ ದ್‌ರರಒಡಾತ, ಬತತ ಚಾಯಾಜು ಇಾಇಳರರ "ಘಃ ಇ ಜಗ ಆ ಚ ಜು ಸಾ ; ನ ಸ ಸೀಸ್‌ ಆಜ ದ ಗತಾ ಇಷ ಜಯಲ ಬಾಪ್‌ ಡ್‌ ಸ್ಟ್‌ ಟ್ರ ಶಿಖಿ ದುವಿಿ3 ತ್‌್‌ ಮಿಕ ವ್‌ ಆಟ್‌ ಇ ಬ ಣೆ ಸರ್ರಾಲು ಾರಕೋ ರ್ಮ್‌ ಇ್ಯ್ರಹಲ್ಣಜ- ಇ-ಡಷ್ದಲಾ ಜಡತ್ರಾತೋಳ್ಟಾಗಾಳಾವುಲೂ ಎ ಭು ಆರ್ವಾರಕತ್ಸ ಸರಾ ಸತಾರ್ಸ ಎ “ದಾಸ ಕೃಷ್ಟ ವ್‌ ಮ ರರ ಈ ಸ್ರಸಕಾಗಳ್ಳ ರಾ, ಯಿ. ಜಾತಾ ಧ್‌ ಸ್‌ ಹೆ ರಿದಡ ಚಾ ಹಾ ಜು ಇ್ಲಟ-ರ್ಥೆಯ್‌ವ್‌ನತ್ತಕಾಇಗದು ಆ ಸ ಪ ಉ ಸಮ್ಮತ ಶ್ಯ ಜರ ಸಸುರ ನಾಸ್ತಾ ಜ್ರಾದ್‌ನ-ಹಡ್ತು-್ಟ ಉಾರಾಡ್‌ರ” ನ್‌್‌ ಜಾ ಬು ಖು ಗ ಜಾ ಡಾ” ಜು ಸ್ಯಾ ಹಾಸ ಬಾ ಎಸ ಬು ಎ ವಾಹನ ಶಿ: ಇತ್ತೇ ಇಷ್ಟು ತಾ ಆ ಬಜ 0 ಒರು ಇತತ -ಡತಾ4 ಸ್‌ುತೆದ್‌ದ “ರಯ ಾಡ ಇರ “ಂಷೇಶ್ರಯಲ್ಗ ತ ಡೂ £ರ-ಸರರರಹರ್ತಿಸರ್ಫೋರ್ವರಡಿತೆ ಇರು ತ ಶ್ವರ ಬಿ ಬಂ ಇಷ್ರರಾ ಆರಿ ಜಾಡಿ 3 ಬದು ಇ ಗರ್ಗಡ ಹು ದರಾ ಭಾ ಜತ್ತ ಸರಿತ ಸ ಎ ರಾ ಇರರ ದ ಕಿ ಇತ್ಕೆಡ್‌ಹೆ ಹ್‌ ರಡ ಇೃರತ ಎನು ಹ ಬ್‌ ಬಬ್ಲಿ ಬ್ರಾ "ಳೆ ಛ 28 -ಜೂಡತ್ಕ ಷಷಲ್ಗಸ್ಸಿ೦ಾರ್‌-ಜ್‌ಭರಳ ಕ ಸ ೪ ತ \| ಜ್‌ ಡೆ ತ ಪ ಯ ೮ ಜರ್‌ ಇವು ವ ಎ ಬ ಯಾ ಯೋ ಉತ ಎಂ ಎ ಪ ಮುರ ಮ 3 ಸರಣ ನಂತ್ಟೈಸಇಳಿಯತಳಿಷ್ಟೇಎರ್‌ ಜಾ ಜಿ ಯಸರಿಕುವ್‌ ಇತಿ ಮಾಗದ ಸಾ ಪ್‌ಸ್‌ಷರಾಾನಿನಟಾಸ್ರರ-ಯಯೇ ಇಗ ಹಾಸ್ಯ ಆಸರು ಶ್ರೀಕಂತ ಆ ಟ್‌ (0 ಆಂ ನಂಸ್‌ು ಇ ಇರೋ: ಚರಸ್‌ ಷಸ ಲಪ್‌ಗರ-ಡಾ ಇರದು ಮಾವ ಇಕಾ ದ್ವೇಷಿ ಆಯ ಆವನ ಇಹ್‌ನರ್ಲ ರು-ಹಲ್ರತತ ಜಾ; ಆಣ ಸಾರ ಆತರೂವಾಣಳೂ, ಅಸ್ತ ಹುರಾತರಯಾಖಬಾತೆ ನರ್ಮರ್ಷಾಕುಇ್‌ಹಲ್ಲ ಇಂಡ. ಇಯ ಹಾನ್‌ ಮಾ ಜಾರ್ದಿಸರಕೂಸ ಕೇಡರ್‌ ಇರಾನ್‌ ಸರರ್ಜಾಸಷತಿಷಿ ಸ ಯಸ್ತತಿ, ಇಣ್ಣಾಸಡಿ ಸಕತ್‌ ಹಥ ತರದ ಇಂತೂ ರಹತ್‌ ಲಮ ಇವ ಸಯಡ ರ್ಯಾಂಡಿ ಬ ಎ ಪ್ಪ ಆತುರದ ಸದ ಮು -ಡಡೆ ತಗ: ಸರತ ಸರ್ಮಸಳಡತೆಯುತ್ತುಷ್ಟ ರ್‌ ಜ್‌ಸಳ್ಳಾತನೇರ್ಯ್ಯ ಇ ಹ್‌ (ರಹರ್ಹಾಸೋಸಡರಿ ಸಿರಸಸಸಗ್ರಡ ಹರಹು ಹ ಅತೆ ಗ ಧಾರರಾತಿ ತಸ ಇಸತಹ ಚ ಎಷ್ಟ ಬಾ ಇಸಾಹಇರಾಡಿಂಯ್ಯಂನಿು ಅಡಪ 8 -ವರರ್ಗಾಸಿಇ೨ರರ್ಯರ ಎ ಬಾಚಿ ರಾರಾ ತ ಕಷಿರಾಕಲ್‌ ಇತ್ರಯಾರಹಲಸ್ಸ ಇ. ಇತರ ಿಗ್ನಾ ಡಾ ನ ಜಾ ಇ. ಡು ಸಕ, ಬಾ. ರನ್‌ ಚ ೧ನ ಇಸ್ಟ ಟೊ ನಗ್ನ ಯಪ ಕ್ಯ ಸಸಸಸ್ತಕಳ್ಳ. .. ಜು ಊ ಡು ಸಣ ಸ್ಪ . ರಾ ಟ್‌ ಮಮುೂದುಮದಣುತಾರುಯುಸಬಬೂ ರ್‌ಂ ಕ ನ್ನ ಮಾ ಹಾ [ಹ ಊಉ ಣ ೧ 115 . [\| 5818೧06 ೦ 7೦0೦ಟ5 [\| 10 \| ಲೆ [್ಗ ೧6 ಣ ಠ್ರ ೯ ಛಿ ತಾ 2 ಕ್ವ ನ್ಲ್ದಾ ಈ ೦೦/0)/ಗ00! 4/1999 1/0/1185101 ೫೧೫ ಗ ೦೦೧7 1 ಕ 2 ತಾ ್ಷ್ರಾ ಶ್‌ ಕ 8 ಎ 2 ಹಾ ಕ ಇ ಪ್ರಾಶಾಷಾ ಸ್ತ ಜ್‌ ತ್ರ ವ್‌್‌_00 ಓ ಹು ಅತಾ. ್‌ೆ ( ಸ ಮಾರ ಕ್ಟ ಜಃ ತ ಇರ್‌ ಯು ಹಾ \| ಸ 3.2. 18 ಇ ರಹ್‌ರ್ಪರ್ಕಾಪನಿಸ್‌ಹ್‌ ಷ್ಣ ೦ರ ರಾಧಳ ರ್‌ ಕ್‌ [ನ ರಷ್‌ ಜ್‌ ಣ್‌ ರಾದ ರಾತಿ ಳಾ ತ್ತ ಹ) ಇ ವ ಅಂ 8ಎ. ಸ್ಟ \| [ನ ಜ್‌ ಫದ ನ ನಔಾರಾಸರಾಾ' ವು "ಅಲ್ಜದ ಇತರ್‌ ಗ್ರ ಈ ಲಸ 45-ಸನುಕಿ ಆ “ದರು ಸ್ಲಮ್‌ ಇರವ ಳ್ಳ ನನೌದಮ್ಯಾ ವ್‌ಪಸಾಲ್‌ ಕ್ತ ಸ ಎ 1 ಕ್ಷ ಹ್‌ ಜಾ ಇಎಮಾಸ್ಯ ಧರ್ಯ್ಯಾಷ್‌ನಂ ಬ ತಾ ಬ ಬ ಜ್‌ ಶಿ ಸ್ಸಸರ್ಟಸ್ನಪದ್ರೂ 15 ಲ್ಲ ರುಸಂರ್ಯಃ ಹ್‌ ಮ ಜ್‌ ಬಂ ಟಾ ಊಟ ರ್ಚ್ಮಾಾ್‌ ಜಾ ಜಾನ ರ ರ ನು ರಾ ಷ್ಟ ಕ ಇಆದಿಎಸಿ ಆ“ ಇ ತ ಆರಾ ಸರಗದಿನು ಡೀ 8 ಜಿ ರ್ಟ (ಜ್‌ ಡಾಘಾಣಾತ ರ್ನಿಷವದಾ-ನ ಹದಿಟ್ರಂಶೋರನಾ *ಸ್ಯ್ಯನೆೋಲಾಸ್‌ಸ್ವ ತ್‌ ಜಿ ತಧ್ಯವೆರ್ಕ್ಯನ ನೂಾಸರಸರ್ಥತ ಸಸ, ಸತರ ಕಸಂ ಅರರ ಥಾ ಜರಾ ಇದಕರ ಏಲ್ಲಿ ಲು ಇಪ ತ್‌ ದರಾ ಪ್ರಿತಿ ಪ್ರ ಇ್ಯಾನದರಾತೂ-ಷ್ಟ೧ರಾರ್ಷವಸಾಾಾ-ಹ್‌ಹತ್ತಿ ಆ 55 ಸರ್ಟಾಕ್‌ಇದ್ದಿಗಥ್ಟ- ನ ಇ ಇಲಿದ ಆಷ್ಟುತಿ. ಮ ೦ 4 ಸಸರ. ೯ ಷಾ 1 ತ್‌ ಇವರ ಇರರ ಜು ವಡ್ಲಿ ರಾಣಾ ಎರ ಯ ಠೃ ಟಮ ಖಂ್ಪಊಉಂಇಉ್ಪ ಸಹ ಸಃ ಜ್ಞಾನ್‌” ಇರ” ಬೂ ೪ ಅಭಾ” ಮಾ ತಾ ಕ ನಗರ್‌, ಇರಾ ಜಃ ನಾನವರ ಸರಕಳ್ಳ ತೆ 3 ೦ಎ ಸ ಾಃ ತಾ ಲಾ ಶ್‌ ಸ ರ್ಯಾ ೪7ರ ರಾಸ್‌ ರಮಾ ಆನಯ ಇಷ ಹಾ ಚ ತಸ ಸಕಳ ಸನದ ಫೆ ತೆ ಎಇಇ ಗೂ ರಸಕ” ಇಷಾ ಇ ಗ್ಕ ಸೀಪಸಹಷ ಇರಿ ರಎಷಯಬು-ಡಸಇಿ ಎ ಸಾವರ ವ್‌ ಇರನಾಸರ-ಸೀರಾಾಾ ವುತು ಸದಿ ನ್ಲಾಷ್ರನವಿ \| \| ಗ (\|\| ತೆ - ರ ರ್ಯಇರ್‌ಲ್ಲ ಚ (\| 7 ಟ್‌] ಇ ಇಲ್ಲ ಫೀತಿರು ಇನು ಟಿ ಇರ್ನರಷ್ಯ' ವ ಗಳೆ ಇ ಇರ್‌ ತ್‌ ಅರರ... 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Bissingen () is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany. References Dillingen (district)
டல டி 2 பி ர்ரர1 21. வண்டு / ச ்டக்பா்‌ 40, ன்‌ கணவன ப 1 மட்கு ்‌ 7 ்‌ ய்‌ \| ட்‌ ்‌ பி அ 1 கண்ர்‌ டப ட்டனவ்‌ ச 124 ்‌ 1 க்‌ ்‌ 1 ப்ட்‌ பெட்ட ்‌ ்‌ ்‌ பிபி பகல்‌ ர ன்‌ _ அ்ட்ன்பிவில்டய்‌ \| ய்‌ ண்கள்‌ ட பட்டன்‌ ॥ 24 கட ்‌ டப்‌ ப நரா 2 வர்க்கப்‌ டோர்கல வரகசாக்ய்‌ படிய பரவு கககார அந ௩7 7 ட படு வ்‌ ப்‌ பபட்டடப்‌ பர்பி படாம மடில பப்‌ டி (0 வடி! வபய்‌ அர்ப்‌ ்‌ ழ்ச்க்‌ வண்சிர ய்‌ 01712 4 3. 241) ல்‌ ங்‌ ட்‌: ச்‌ ்‌ பப்‌ மர்பம்ப ல வேலிப்‌ நு ஷி பரன்‌, ௮ [ம்‌ அடம்‌ பக்‌ 10/4/260 0 116 ரான்‌ இங [॥ 2022 4 ரபா 11௦ பாரஙஎங்‌ு ௦4 1004௦ 105 ://310௩6.010/064ல15/00-8010-0041 ட்‌ ச ப பசும்‌ ய ம ப்ட்‌ லு பப திவ்ு! பன க ட்‌ ்‌ ்‌ ர ்‌ ்‌ ள்‌ யப்‌ யக்‌ ஹணெ.585. ம்‌ ப்‌ - வேதஸமாஜத்தார்‌ முதல்‌ ல்விண்ணப்பம்‌... இனை ல. அர்ச்சையைக்‌ குறித்தது. சென்னைப்பட்டணம்‌ : ... ததிதுவபோதினி அச்சுக்கூடத்தில்‌, கா. தெய்வசிகாமணிரமுகதகலியாரால்‌ பதிப்பிக்கப்பட்ட து. சலியுகாதஇுஹஷ்‌ ௪௬௬௬. 2௦. ஹழஹணெ.ந22. பதன்‌ இடப்‌ கவரை, ல்‌ ப வே. ஸ்மாஜஐ தீகாருடைய வெருவினய(5 ள்ள ள்‌. ஈம்பமாட்டீர்களே, .அ௮இூலும்‌ நம. கேச லக்ன விண்ணப்பம்‌. அன்புள்ள சோகரர்களே. புலிபகித்சால்‌ புல்லைக்சன்னுமென்றால்‌ நிற்க ல்பிரஇரு தத்தில்‌ சகலமும்‌ சம்பால்யமே யென்ப 2 ந்‌ ்‌ ப்‌ அ ல்‌ ்‌ (22 52 தற்கு ஒரு நிசாரசனம்‌ கூறுகிறோம்‌. கும்பசோணா ம்‌ ஜில்லாவிலுள்ள பல பண்டி. தர்கள்‌ % எங்களைச்‌ (2 தவசஞக்கு எதிரிகளென்று ம௫த்து சாம, பேது, தா ன. கண்டமென்குற தாரன்கு உபாயங்களில்‌, பேக ்‌ % கண்டனையியற்கினவர்‌, அருூரியவெள்கடசே்‌ ஷஊாக்கிரரசாரியொன்டுற முகலார்‌ சின்னசாமய்யல்‌ 'காராகிய பண்டித சார்வபவமன்‌, . அவரை அம்சக்‌ சண்டை யெழுஅம்படிப்‌ பஞ்‌ கெஞ்சி வருந்தி வேண்டிப்‌ பிரா£க்இத்தக கேட்டுக்‌ பரத ச சொண்ட பண்டித சம்மங்கள்‌ யாொனில்‌ :-. பத ௨. ௩. 2, வாஜபேயம்‌, ஸரீரிவாசபாட்டராசாரியர்‌ வாஜபேயம்‌, ௪டகோபாசாரியர்‌. விச அவான்‌, இராகவாசரரியர்‌, விச்துவான்‌, இரகாகாதாசாரியர்‌, உ - வேகஸமாஜ. த்தையும்‌, தண்டத்தையும்‌ மாத்திரம்‌ கைக்கொண்‌. ட, நம்ம அன்பர்களில்‌ பலருடைய அபிப்பிராய நிமித்தம்‌ காங்க எனுப்பிய .பிரதிக்சியா பத்திரி கையை வியாஜமாகச்கொண்டு. வெகுகாலம்‌ சர மப்பட்டு, தங்கள்‌ சக்தி யெல்லாம்‌ செலுத்து, ௭ ங்களைத்‌ இட்டி, 2 வேசஸமாஜகண்டன? மென்இத ஓ ரூ சிறிய புத்தகத்தை யச்ட்டுப்‌ பிரசுரப்படுத்த யிருக்கிறார்கள்‌. சாதாரண ஜனங்களுடனும்‌ வா சாடத்‌ இறமற்ற எங்களுடன்‌, பரப்பிரும்மத்துக்‌ கும்‌ இரண்டாவசெனப்‌ பொருக்தாத அகடித கட ்‌ உட ய்‌ உ ரு உணு 5 ட்‌ னா. சாமர்த்தியமுளள கும்பகோணத்தில்‌ பாண்‌ ௫. வித்துவான்‌, இருஷ்ணமாசாரியர்‌, ௬. இருமாலிருஞ்சோல்‌ ஸ்ரகிவாசதாதாசாரியர்‌. ௭. 'லக்ஷ்மிகுமாரவேதாக்தாசாரியர்‌. ௮... வாஜபேயம்‌, ஸ்ரீகிவாசாசாரியர்‌. ௯. கடலங்குடி.த்தெரு ஸ்ரீகிவாசாசாரியர்‌. ௧௦. ஸஊர்க்குடி, சச்சரமாசாரியர்‌ ௧௧. கவுலி, லியாசாசாரியர்‌. 5௨. வித்துவான்‌, ஸ்ரீசிவாசஞார்த்தியாசாயியர்‌. ௧௩. வித்துவான்‌, கூஸண்ணாசாரியர்‌, ௧௪. ஜங்கமேசவரம்‌, வேதவியாசாசாரியர்‌. ௬௫. பாண்டுரங்க - குப்பாசாரியர்‌. ௧௬. மன்னார்கோயில்‌, வ - பீமாசாரியர்‌, ௧௭. பச்சையப்பத்தெரு, ஓ-பி- வெங்கடரமணாசா ரியா. ௬௮... தஞ்சாஷர்‌, குப்பாசாரியர்‌, ௧௯. வித்துவான்‌, கரடிம்மாசாரியர்‌. ௨௦. ஸ்ரீரங்கம்‌, இரங்கராதாசாரியாா. ௨௧. மத்தியார்ஜனம்‌; வெநற்கடராமவாஜபேயர்‌ ௪ ॥ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ூ தியம்‌ பெற்றவர்களில்‌ அனேகர்‌ சேர்க்து எங்‌ ந்‌ தீ கள்்‌மீ௮ அவஜமெடுப்பதில்‌ இயற்கையாயம்‌, செய கையாயமுள்ள சக்க, சாமர்த்திய, சாதுரியங்களை யெல்லாம்‌ கொடுப்பகசைப்‌ பார்த்தால்‌; ஊர்ச்றாருவி அ. ரு பம்‌, 2 ர மின்மேல்‌ ராம்சரச்தைப்‌ பிரயோகித்த தஅபோலும்‌, கல்வியிலம்‌, அனுபவத்திலும்‌ வைரமேகியிரு க்கும்‌ -இப்பண்டி தர்கள்‌ யோசனையேயின்றி உண்‌ மையான. சில கேள்விகளைக்‌ கேட்டாலும்‌, இன்ன: ம்பல்‌ முளையாக்குமந்கைகளாகய எற்சள்‌ விப தீதில்‌. ௮௮. நீகொகமாட, சாகொகளுட?? (௨ ட்‌ ப்‌ ப்‌ 6 ப்‌ ன ச்கொருபேச்சு எனக்கொரு மூட்டை) என் முனா ்‌ க்‌ 8௫. ௪ ௫. 5. பசசையப்பத்தெரு,அரைசாமிதாதாசாரியர்‌, ௨௩. . சோல்யப்பத்தெரு, குருசுவாமிசாஸ்‌இரிகள்‌. ௨௪. சோலையப்பதீதெரு, அகத இகூதர்‌, உ௫. சோல்ையப்பத்தெரு, சுப்பராயசாஸ்‌இரீகள்‌, ௨௭௬. கனபாடி மஹாலிங்கசாஸ்‌ இரிகள்‌. ௨௭... சனபாடி, ராஜாசரஸ்இிரிகள்‌. ௨௮௮. சனபாடி, சாரமிசாஸ்இிரிகள்‌, ௨௯. மலயாளம்‌, சுப்பாசாஸ்‌இரிகள்‌. ௨௩௦. மதியார்ஜனம்‌, அண்ணாசரஸ்‌இரிகள்‌, _ இப்படிக்கு இன்னமனேக பண்டிதர்கள்‌ கேட்டுக்‌ ்‌்‌ ப்‌ ப. ப க வப ௩ [்‌ கொண்டதாய்‌ அபபுததகத்திற்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கிற தி. அவாகள்‌ பெயர்கஆா யுரைததால்‌ புஸ்தகதக்தின்‌ மகிமைகுறைக்தபோகுமென்றோ ; ஒப்பாசவர்பெ ை ௫. ர்‌ ௬ டி ்‌ ப்‌ ௫ [்‌ பாகளயுசைக்கால்‌ அவர்கள்‌ கோபிப்பார்களெண் ரூ ன்‌ ்‌்‌ ௪ ௪ 5 2073. மற்றெந்த ஹேனவைப்பற்றியோ நமத இ மனகிதர்‌ வெகு விவேகத்துடன்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பெயரை ன ்‌ ்‌ ்‌ சிய0காமலிருக்‌ அவிட்டார்‌. டத வேதஸமாஜ; மல்லவா? இப்படியிருக்க அவர்கள்‌ இவ ப வளவுப்‌ பிரயாசப்பட்டு சொதி்ப மெய்யுடன்‌ விசேஷ டட பொங்களையும்‌, கலந்து பதக கற்கும்‌ கார... ணமின்னசென்று எங்களால்‌ அ.ஜியக்கூ டவிஃலை. எங்கள்‌ ்க்க்கிய உத்தேசியமெல்லாவ்‌ கூடி ன்‌ ம. தேசத்தாராக்கு. முற்கால நிறப்டம்‌, சீர்மை டம்‌, மேன்மையும்‌, மகிமையுமளித்த : ஒருமைப்‌ பாடென்லஒம்‌. ஒப்பற்ற காப்பழியவே, “நமது க மம்‌ குறைந்த, துன்பம்‌: வளர்க்‌, ஒருக்கால்‌ ஈம ௮. பச்சாத்தாபத்துக்குப்‌ பாதிதிரரா பஇருந்தவொ ல்லாம்‌. ஈம்மைப்‌. பரிஹூிக்கத்தக்க நிலைமைக்கூவ நஇருச்சையில்‌, காம்மாத்திரம்‌ அன்று பார்த்த நி லைமைக்‌. கழிவில்லை யென விருக்கன்றமையா ல்‌, மறுபடி ந மக்கு ஒருமைப்பாட டை. யளித்து மூன்னிருந்தகீர்த்தியையம்‌, சவுக்கெயெத்தையம்‌ மீட்‌ டு கொடுக்சத்தக்க உபாயல்களைத்‌ தேர்க்தெடுத்‌ன ௮வற்றைப்‌ பயிற்ற ே வேண்டுமென்பதேயாம்‌. இதற்‌ கூச்‌ சாதனமாயுள்ளவற்தில்‌ எங்களுக்ளு யக்தமா ய்த்தோன்றுமவை உண்‌ை மையில்‌ பமுதற்றனவாயி ருக்கலாமாகையால்‌, எங்களைலிடப்‌ பலமடங்கு ௮ இகக்கல்விகற்றுக்‌ காலங்கண்ட புத்திமானகள்‌ தர யோடிக்தப்‌ பிசகானவற்றைக கழிதீ௫; இன்னுமா வசியசஈமானவற்றைச்‌ சேர்த்து, எங்கட்குப்‌ புத்தி சொல்லி, “எங்களுடன்‌ சலக, எங்கள்‌ கோச்கம்‌ ( ர விண்ணப்பம்‌, இ கைக கூடிவரும்படியான மார்க்கத்தைக்‌ காட்வொ ர்களென. கம்பி, எங்களுக்கு முக்சியமாய்த்‌ தோ ன்றிய. இல விஷயங்களைப்‌: பத்திரிகாரூபமாக எழு திப பலருக்சுப்பினோம்‌. அவ்வாறு செய்ததில்‌ பிற்‌ சுண்‌ டப்‌ பிரதிக்கியைகளில்‌ புத்திமான்சஞடைய . சேரி தனையின்மேல்‌ தேறினவ௰்ை அனைவரும்‌ கலக்‌ அ. அனுசரிக்ச வேண்டுமென்பனு. எங்கள்‌ கருத்தே யன்றி ட்ப எஸ யெல்லாம்‌. தாங்கள்‌. ௮வ லம்பிச் ௮. விட்டோமென்பதலல,. உண்மையில்‌ அ ந்தப்‌ பி;திச்சியைகளெல்லாம்‌ இரதி செளிந்தவை யென்று சாங்கள்‌ கொண்டிருந்த பக்ஷத்தில்‌ எங்க ள்வரையில்‌ அவற்றை. யனுஷ்டித் தக்‌ கொள்வதில்‌ என்ன தடையிருக்கருக்கும்‌ ! அப்படி. யிருந்தும்‌ தா _வகள்‌ அவ்வாறு செய்யவும்‌ இல்லை, செய்யவம்மாட்‌ டோமென்பதத்குள்ள தடம்‌ அட்‌ சிறிதை யி இனடி௰ல்‌ உரைச்கிறோம்‌. ்‌ ர ர்‌ இதுவரையில்‌ கம்ம ஆசாரியர்கரடைய கடா கலக்கினால்‌ ஈமக்குள்ளேற்பட்டி ருக்கும்‌ அனாவ௫ிய சமான பிரிவுகளை சாக்தியமானவமாயில்‌ இணைக்‌ ப்‌ பிளாஸ்திரிபோட்டு ரணத்தை ஆற்றவேண்டு மென்பதே எங்களஞடைய முக்கிய உத்தேகியங்க ளில்‌ ஓன்ருசவிருகீசையில்‌ இப்போதுள்ள பிரிவ போதாது, இன்னமும்‌ வேதஸமாஜ ஜாகயெ ர கிட ச. வேகஸமாஜ, ன்முவத, வேசஸமாஜ மதமென்றாவதட ஒன்றை மயேற்படுத்தவேண்டுமென்பு - எங்கள்‌ கருத்தெனா: ப்பொருச் தமோ $ இதுவே யெங்கள்‌ கருத்தாகில்‌, தர்ம்மாதர்ம்மங்களையும்மறக்‌ தட “மானிட வியற்கை, ய்யும்‌ சுவருபத்தையுமிழக் அ, பெற்றோர்‌ பிறக்‌ தோலாயும்‌. அலையவிட்டு, அன்னிய மதத்திற்‌ பிர வே௫ிக்சகி அணியும்‌ சி௮வர்களைக்காட்டிலும்‌, நர ங்கள்‌ வெரு கொடியவர்களென்‌ தாங்களே ஓஒதீது க்கொள்ள வேண்டியிருக்கும்‌. எங்க விஷ்டப்படி சாங்களிருக்அ விரிவதே எங்கள்‌ கருக்தாகில்‌, கா லச்தையும்‌, ஈதிரவியத்தையும்‌, பாழுக்கிறைப்போ மோ? வீணுக்குப்‌ே ம ப வாய்கோவு மென்றெ. ண்ணி, பலர்மவன! மாய்கி ன சாதித்‌ தக்‌. கொள்ளுகிறவாறு, ச செய்துகொள்ளத்‌ த்‌. டையணடோ?. அல்லது பெற்றோர்பிறக்தோர்‌ ம. க௪ள்‌ மனைவிமாருடன்‌ மருவி வாழ்ரிதகொண்டே அவரவர்‌ படட அல்ல இரீஸ்‌ அவராயம்‌, அருக்கராயுங்‌, பவத்தராயம்‌, நாஸ்திகராயும்‌, ௮: ந்தரங்கமான கொள்கையை அனுஷ்டித்தால்‌ ஆ க்ஷேபிப்போருண்டோ? இதையெல்லாம்‌ சற்று ௧ வனிப்பார்களாகில்‌, அனைவரும்‌ ஒருமித்து அனுஷ டி.ச்கவேண்டியது எங்கள்‌ கருத்தேயன்‌ கி? நாங்க ள்‌ மாதீதிரம்‌ தனியாய்ப்‌ பிரிய வேண்டு ௫ கொடி ன்‌ ச ட்‌ ்‌ மென்பதல்ல வென்று கானாய்விளங்கும்‌, விண்ணப்பம்‌, \| னு மூடியாதசாரியத்தை யோடத் தப்‌ பயனென்ன வென்ராலோ, கடவளானவர்‌ உலசத்திலுள்ள அனைவ மாயும்‌ சமமாய்ப்பிறப்பித்தருக்கையில்‌, ஈமது பரஸ்‌ பரக்ஷூமச்இன்பொருட்டு இயற்கையான. சுவாகதக்‌ இரியத்திலம்‌ சறிதை யிழக்௮ அரைத்தனமென்று . ம்‌ . குடிச்சனமென்றும்‌, பஜமானனென்றும்‌. ஊ மியனென்றும்‌, அசாரியனென்றும்‌ சிஷியனென்‌ அம்‌, இன்னம்‌ பற்பல மேல்வரப்பு கீழ்வரப்புகளை யம்‌, நிர்பந்தங்களையும்‌, ஏற்படுத்திக்கொண்டு அவ ற்நிற்கு. உட்பட்டு நடச்கிழேமல்லவா? பூமியையு ம்‌, அதிலுள்ள பண்டங்களையும்‌, கடவள்‌ அனைவர்‌ க்கும்‌ பொகவாயளித்திருக்கையில்‌, இ என்பூமி, என்‌ தோட்டமென்கிற லியவஸ்தைகளை யேற்படுகி .இக்சொண்டு, அந்தவ்வியவஸ்தைகளை மீறுவோர்‌ தங்‌ கள்‌ ஏற்பாட்டினாலே சிக்ைக்குட்படவில்லையா! ௪ ற்று அுயோ௫ித்துப்பார்ப்பவருக்கு இத்தன்மையான ௭ எண்ணிறந்த திருஷ்டாந்தங்கள்‌ இடைக்குமே. ஆகை யால்‌ ஒருமைப்பாட்டால்‌ ர பொரு 'ளொன்றுமில்லயென ஈம்பலாம்‌. ஆயினும்‌ தாங்க ள்‌ எச்சரிக்கும்விஷயங்கள்‌ இவ்வளவகடினமானதம ன்று. ஓன்றைப்புஇதாய்‌ஏற்படுக்‌ துவது உண்மையாபப்‌ க்கடினமே, அனால்ஈமக்ககச்தன்மையானகாரியமில்லை அதியில்‌ ஏற்பட்ட உருவை ஞூடி.க்கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ பாசியைக்‌ சமுவிப்போக்க வேண்டிய௰யதமாத்திரமே \| பத ர இனத்து வேகஸமாஐ, பாகையரல்‌ புதிதிமான்கள்‌ லப த்‌ இ அசாசத்‌தியமானசாரியமல்ல, - ஆனாலின ஒருகாளிலாவ௫, ஒருமாதத்திலாவஅ, ௮ லலைது. ஒருவருஷச்திலாவ.ஐ, மேடியச்தச்கபெ தன்று நாங்களஞுரைச்சவில்லை, ஒருகுடும்பத்திலுள்ள இரண்‌ ட) சோதரர்களுக்குள்‌. அபிப்பிராயபேதம்‌ ஜனிச்கால்‌ அவர்களைச்‌ சமரசப்படுத்தி ஒருமித்‌ அ வாழும்படிச்‌ செய்ய எவ்வளவுகாலஞும்‌ சிரமமும்பிடிச்சிறதோ ௮ ௫ எல்லோர்க்குந்தெரியும்‌. ஒருகுடும்பத்தக்கே இ பபடியாடில்‌, ஈமது தேசத்திலுள்ள எண்ணிறந்த குடும்பல்களில்‌ அனாவசியசமான எண்ணிறக்தபிரிவு க ளே்பட்டிருக்கையில்‌ அவற்றையெல்லாம்‌ சமர ௪ப்படுக்திஒருமைப்பாட்டை யுண்டாக்கப்பல தலைமு. றைகள்‌ பிடிக்குமென்பதை தாங்கள்‌ ஈன்முய்புணர்‌ நதிருக்கிமேம்‌.. அகிலும்‌ ஈம எ ட்டு ஊரில்‌ அடியோடு ஆசாரமற்று நலீனமாய்ப்‌ பலயுக்‌ இ. யேற்பாடுகளாலுண்டாக்கப்பட்ட மதங்களுச்கெ ல்லாம்‌. வெகுவிரைவில்‌ பிராசுரியமும்‌, பிராபல்லிய மும்‌ ௨ண்டாகியசைப்பார்த்திருக்அும்‌, ஆயில்‌. ஈம்‌. மவ ரனைவர்க்கும்‌ பொதுவாயும்‌, பரிசுத்சமாயும்‌, ௪ கலக ரவயுக்கிப்பிரமாணங்களுக்கும்‌ இசைத்‌ ம்‌, ல்‌ ரூக்கிஐ எங்கள்கொள்கை ஏன்‌ விருத்தியடையமாம்‌. டாகோதெரியவில்லை. அச்தமதங்களை மடிக்தவர்களு। சகு ராஜபலமிரு௧௧௮, என்கள்‌ கொள்சைச்கு யர ருதவியிருக்கிறதென்று சிலர்‌ அகே௯ஃபிக்கலரம்‌, சுவ விண்ணப்பம்‌... ௯ க யமஇிமையமற்று, பூர்வப்பிரமாணங்களுக்கு விரோ தமாயம்‌, தேசகே்ஷமத்துக்கு ஹானியாயும்‌ உள்ள எற்பாரிகளே அப்பிரயோஜகரான அரசர்கள்‌. உத வலியால்‌ வினாவில்‌ பரவியஅகளெொன்றால்‌, சர்வசிரோ ஷ்டமான ௪௫. இப்பிரமாணத்தால்‌, நிர்தோஷமா னசென்றம்‌, முச்இக்குக்கப்பாசகவழியென்றும்‌ ஏற்‌ பட்டு, வியாசபராசாரதிசக்‌ புருஷர்சளெல்லாம்‌ இ ௮ ஒன்றேகதியென்று அனுஷ்டித்‌அவரத. . சனமா ர்ச்சச்சை. ஈலீனமாய்‌ அற்றுச்கொண்டிருக்கும்‌, குப்பைகளை வாரி. அப்புறம்கொட்டி அவ்வழியை அனைவர்க்கும்‌ பயன்‌ படுத்தமுயலும்‌ . சரங்கள்‌ சரீவசகீதராகிய ஒன்றான அகினுவிதிய ப ரம புருஷீனுடைய பரிபூர்ண... சகாயதீ தைப்‌ பெநீதிருக்கையில, எங்கள்‌ கொள்கை யும்‌ அஇவேசமாய்ப்‌ பரவிரநிலைய அமென்பதஇல்‌ ௪ நதேசமுண்டோ?! ௬௮௩௦0 வத்தில்‌ உண்மையானப ரப்பிரும்மமதத்தை கிலைகி௮த்தவேண்டுமென அவல்‌ கொண்ட புகமுடம்பினராகிய ராஜாராம மோஹன ்‌ ராயருக்கு அக்காலத்தில்‌ கடவுளொருவர்தவிர ம \| ற்றொருவர்‌ உதவியுமில்லாவிடிலும்‌, மூப்பதுவருஷம்‌ கழியும்‌ மூன்சற்றேறக்குறைய பதிஞாயிரம்பேர்கள்‌ இரடைக்து, அச்சன்மார்க்கத்தில்‌ பிரவே௫ுித்தார்க ளெனில்‌, கடவுளின்‌ பரிபூரணமான கடா ௬9 கீதையும்‌ அமோகமான வேதப்பிரமாணத்தை “தர: ட வேகஸமாஜ, யும்‌ அன்புகூர்ச்தபிரும்மஸம ரஜக காருதவியையம்பெ. 2௮, ஆரம்பச்திலே பகதியடனும்சிர த்தைய_6 லம்‌ ட: மைக்கத்தக்க இருப ப்பிராணிகள்‌ சேர்க்து பர. ட்பிரும்மதி தையே நம்பி ஹேயமார்க்கங்களை லிட்டு மேயல்வோமாஇல்‌, பயனனளில்க வேண்டிய பளு எங்கள்‌ அப்பனை பொறுத்ததாகிற ர. இவவாறிரு£.த ம்‌ இதுவரையிலும்‌, இனியம்ஸ்‌ கே க பாவக்தாலே உண்ை மயைப்பரவச்செய்யவேண்டு மென. காங்கள்‌ நிச்சயிச்திருர்‌ அம்‌, எங்கள்‌ சருத்‌ தைப்பிசகசாய்க்கர2த தத ஈம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ எங்சளை _ வலியபோருக்க விழு 5ன்றமையால்‌, அத்மசம்‌ரக்ஷளு ர்த்சம்‌ பதில்‌ சொல்லும்படி. நேரிடுகி ௮. நாங்கள்‌ உண்மையாகவே பிறர்மனம்‌ - கோகும்படி. ரய்க அணிக்‌ திருந்கோமாகில்‌ இத வரையிலே கீம்மவரவ லமபிக்கும்‌. கோட்பாடுகளின்‌ கோணல்களைக்குித்‌ ப்‌ பிரஸ்தாபிக்கக்கடையிருக்கிருக்சமாட்டாதல்ல வா? இப்போ௫சான்‌ அசற்சேன்விடையுரைச்கவேண்‌் ிமென்ராலோ, எண்ணிறக்த ஜன ங்களைமலைக்சச்செய் யதீதச்க அனேகபண்டிதர்கள்‌ அகியாய க௯தியெடுத்‌ அகச்ிரமமாய்‌எு்‌ ஙகசாயும்‌, ௭ ஙகள்கொள்கையை யம்‌ மலந்து இத்கருணக்கிலும்‌ நரல்‌” ள்‌ மவுனமாயிருந்த தால்‌, சாரங்கள்‌ அண்பிள்ளோகள ல்லவென்‌ ஆ பலர்பழிக்கார்சளர ? இப்பமியையும்‌ பாராட்டாவிடிலும்‌, பொய்‌ மெய்யாகவம்‌, மெய்‌ \| விண்ணப்பம்‌, .. ்‌ பணத்‌ பொய்யர்சவும்‌ ஏற்படுவதற்கு ட சாரணமாகுமல்ல வா$ நசவரமான மண்ணுலிலுள்ள மூச்சாண் ரா ச்சியத்தின்‌ ன்‌ பொருட்டே திருஷ்ணான்‌. அர்ஜுனனை கோக்க * 4ஓ அர்ஜுனா! இந்த அகாலத்தில்‌ நீசரு ட சகிசைநற்து, பரலோசசத்சுக்கும்‌, இர்த்‌இக்காம்‌ ஹா. “னியான 0. பகை ஃவரைத்தபிக்கின்ற ஓ அஜ அனா! பே தீதனங்‌ கொள்ளாதே இத உனக்கடுக்காது; இச்த இதி “வான மனச்சோர்வையொழிக்து எழுந்திருப்பாயா “௪, ஓஅர்ஜுனூ 1! உன்சோகத்து தக்குப்பாதீதிரமச்‌ ற்றவ 66 ர்களைக்குதித்து நரீசோடுக்‌இருய்‌. உன்பேச்சோஞா “னிகள்‌ பேச்சை. யொத்திருக்கிறனு. தெரிந்தவராக எள்‌ மாண்டவர்களுக்காவது, இருப்பவர்களுச்காவ 68 அத அக்சிக்சமாட்டார்கள்‌. என்று. உபதேிதி ன்‌ கனம்‌ தன ஓஷிவிஷவ ௨-௨ வூிடத௦ - டட உட ஷ ஹேம 0௦ ௯4. க.1௯ 6. ம்‌ ஜஜ.) 1] கெவனாஷ வோ! 0௮2 தக) டப வடி, 0௮ _. கடட ஜஹி ஒயஉள உடலு) 052 தொ. ... கஞொவா கட்டன்‌ 0 2௮ ரவாவாவதமாஷமெ - ம த. வரதே 'சாஹ-_ச.ம2_ சாஹி நா௩உ௩மொவவி ௨ ணி.கா6, “வச வேசஸமாஜ, ்‌ 2 ன்‌ தாராகில்‌,. நிதிதியமானவும்‌; அகண்டமான வும்‌, மோக்ஷ சாம்பிராஜியததை மிழக்கும்‌ படி. நெரிரிங்காலத்இல்‌ கான்கள்‌ களத்‌ இருந்தாத்‌ எங்கள்‌ சளண்டியத்தையும்‌, ஈபும்ஸகச?்‌ அவக்தையம்‌ சுரியாய்வர்ணிக்க, இன்னொரு ௧ முக்‌ அவா வத லவாழுடியம்‌ ? இளம்பிள்ளை களென்று ப்ற்றி... கா ங்கள்‌, வேங்சைப்புலிசசைப்போன்ற பண்டி தர்சளை யெதிற்க முடியமோவென்ளறால்‌, எங்களுக்குத்திறமி ல்லாமை யபுண்மையேயாகிலும்‌, நாங்களெடுத்த ௧ தியின்‌ பலத்தைச்‌ சற்று சகவனிப்போமரகில்‌, ௮ தைச்சாகிக்ச. எங்களிலும்‌ தாழ்கதவர்களும்‌ ௪ம்‌ ர்த்தராவார்கள்‌. நன்றாய்‌ நீஞ்சக்கற்றவனும்‌, சுற்று கே ரத்தில்‌ மூம்கிப்போவான்‌ ; மூம்அம்‌ நீஞ்சக்தெ ரியாதவலும்‌, தெப்பச்தால்‌ அக்கரை சேர்வான்‌. கடையாக நாங்கள்‌ உண்மைக்குப்பாடு படுதின்‌ ஊனைமேயன்தி ஜயதிதக்கன்று. ஈம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ எங்களை ஜயிப்பஇனால்‌ எங்களுக்கொரு அவமானஞமு மில்லை; . காங்களவர்களை வெல்லுவதினால்‌ எங்க ஞக்கொ ம௫மையுமில்லை.. நம வலதுகை ழூ ரூ அ னு டலதுகையை வெட்டினாலும்‌, இடுகை வலது கை ன ்‌ ்‌ யை பயொடிக்சாலும்‌ துன்பப்‌ படுவது கேகமே யல்லவா? அப்படிச்சன்றி இரண்டு கைகஞம்‌ ஓ வ்‌ ருமித்து ப்பாடுபட்டால்‌ அதினால்‌ விளையும்‌ உன்மைய விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௩ ம்‌ தேகத்தின னதேயல்லவா! இவ்வாறே உண்மையை றிந்து... ஒரு மையாய்‌ வாழவேண்டுமென்சிற ச்ருதி விட்டு தோற்றவர்களெ ன்று. இல்ரை யிகற்க இ, ஜயித்தே று அலா அகா வத டவரர்க ளாஇல்‌, அஇனால்‌ தேசத்துக்கு ரத்‌ க.” ன்றி. நன்மைவிளையாதே. வெவ்வேற௮ஜாதியான இரண்டு மரங்களைச்செதுக்கி யிணைத்தால்‌ ஒன்‌ அுடஜனொன்‌ ௮ இணங்‌உப்போகையில்‌, “பேதமேயற்திருக்றா ம்‌ காம்‌ மாத்திரம்‌ பிரிவதற்கு என்னகாரணம்‌ சொல்லக்கூ டும்‌? இனைவரும்‌ சார்வகி -ஷ்டமானதென்று ஒத்து ய்‌. ச்கொள்ளும்‌ மார்ச்கத்தையேயல்லவா நாங்கள்‌ தே 'டுன்றோம்‌.. இது அனுஷ்டான த்துக்கு உதவாதெ ன்கிற ஆம க்ஷெபமொன்றுத தவிர வேறெதைச்சொல்ல _க்கூமெ ? அப்படியே ௮ அனு னுஷ்டி த்து மூடி டியாகெ “ன்று ஏற்ப ப்டும்பக்ஷத்இில்‌ சரங்கள்‌ உண்மையான ௨ ற்சாகதீன டன்‌ மீளுவோம்‌; அப்படிச்கன்றி ௮௮ ௪ லராலும்‌ ்‌ தனுஷ்டிக்கத்தக்கதேயென்ன ஸ்சாபி தடட வற்‌ ப்‌ 0௧ பதவ 6 ப ௮௦ சசப்படும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌, மு புண்டிதாகரும்‌ வ ஞசனையின்ஐ, டஞ்ச்பூதீ ஸாகிகமாக எங்‌ களும்‌ குதவுவார்களெ ளன்று க்‌ நாங்‌ ள்‌. எங்கள்‌. க௬தியின நிமிதீ சுமார்க்கதீ இல்‌ பிரவர்த்தக்க ததவ ஆன்‌ உறுஇயாய்ப பிரமாணம்‌ செய்கிறோம்‌. ஆளுல்‌ எங்கள்‌ எதிரிகளாக நிளைச்அப்‌ போருகி ந அரிிருகுல்‌ கண்களி வெ டப்ப ன்‌. உ மட ஒணஷில்க்ஷ துலை ஷ்ஷ்‌ லாமல்‌ களா. வேகஸமாஜ, 21% கமக்கும்‌ பண்டி தர்கள்‌என்னகுமார்கச்தை அஜு௪நித்‌. தார்களென் முலோ, அதைச்சற்று எச சரிக்இமோம்‌. ௧-௨ நாங்கள்‌ பேசுவது அர்வாதமென்று லி. ளச்கும்‌ பொருட்டு யாதொருகவரவமான பிரமாண ங்கஞாம்‌ அகப்படாமைபற் கி, சாதாரண வியாஜியக்‌ காரர்‌ தீப்புசஸ்‌சவேஜ-ஃகள்‌ சிருஸ்டி க்கச்‌ அணிவது போல, வேசங்களில்‌ இன்னின்னவாச்யெல்களில்‌ வி கரக அராசனகத்துக்கு ஆதாரமிருக் தென்று ௨... அதியாய்க்கூறி மிருகீகன்றனர்‌. அகிலும்‌ இவ்விஷ யத்தில்‌. அவர்கள்‌ சொல்லின சுவருபச்தை ரூமி திஅக்காட்டுவது சடின்மன்,. எனெனில்‌ அந்த பா கங்களுக்கு விடையெழுஅமிடத்தில்‌, அவர்கள்‌ ஞூ கிட்பிட்ட மூலவாக்சயெற்சளையும்‌, அவூயசமானால்‌ அவத்கின்பாஷியங்களையும்‌ எடுத்‌ அரைப்பதே போ அமாயிருச்குமாசையால்‌, இகதைப்படிப்போரின்‌ திரு ப்தியின்பொருட்டு, இவ்விடத்தில்‌ விசேஷமாய்‌ எ முதவேண்டியதில்லையென்று கிரக்கம்‌. உவ. வேதஸ்மாஜகண்டனமென்பதை கடத்தி பமாதிரியே சற்நுயோடுக்கு மனைவருக்கும்‌ வெகுபு அமையாய்சத்தோன்றும்‌, தெற்குதே௪ச்‌இல்‌ சாதார ணமாய்‌ சொத்‌ அச்குடையவன்‌ ஒருவனிருகச்கையில்‌ அதில்‌ சம்மந்தமில்லாத... இருவர்‌ வாஇிப்‌ பிரதிவாதி களாகவறந்று, பிர கிவாதியைச்கொண்டு - ஒப்பான்ஸ ர்‌ கொடுப்பித்‌ த தர்ப்புபெத்றஅக்கொள்வ௫அபோல்‌, க விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௫ ம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ 'ஸபக்ஷ சவிபக்ஷ கஸம்வாத மெ ன்‌இற பெயமரைவைத்து, ஸ்பக்ஷகருடைய ச௪ண்டப்பி ரசண்டமான. வாதங்களுச்குப்‌ பதில்சொல்லமாட்‌ டாதவராக விபக்ஷகரை இருஷ்டித்அவைத்துக்கொ ண்டு. வெற்றிபெற்றதாக களிக்கருர்களல்லவா! ௮ வர்கள்‌ விபக்ஷகலா எங்களுக்கு வக்கலாய்கிறுத்திள ஙுகமா ஜயித்அவிட்டதாய்‌ நினைப்பஇளுல்‌ விளையும்‌ ச்தமே; பரப்பிரும்மத துக்குப்‌ (ரர.இ நிதி யாச பொம்மைகளை வைத்த பூஜிப்பதினால்‌ஐ. னிக்கும்பயனுக்கு அபரதிதமானகிதர்சனமென்பார்க வாஇல்‌அதைஆக்ேபிக்க எலங்களுக்குச்சச்‌ இமில்லை. வி சுவகுணாதரா்சாத அனேககிரக்கங்களிம்மாத்திரியாயி ' ருப்பதைப்‌:பார்த்‌அமிருக்கறோம்‌, கேட்டுமிருக்கறோ ம்‌. லும்‌ அந்தக்கொக்தகர்த்தாக்களுக்குலெளூகலி யவகாரங்களில்‌ விசேஷ அனுபவமில்லாமைபற்தி, இதேரீதியாக எழுததெரியாமற்போனதாக ஓூக்க வேண்டியிருக்றெனு, ஈ௩-வ௮. முற்காலத்தில்‌ சரபானுக்கிரக சக்தியுள்‌ கா மகானுபாவர்களிருக்ததாக புரணங்களிற்‌ சொ ல்லக்கேட்டோமேயன்‌ நி, நேராய்ப்பார்த்தவியோம்‌, அதை உண்மையாக்கவே சத்தியசக்தராகிய ஈம்மப ண்டி.தர்கள்‌ கடவுள்‌ வணக்கத்திலும்‌, புத்தகத்தின்‌ மூடிவிலும்‌, எங்கள்‌ ஸமாஜத்தார்‌. நசித்தப்போக வேண்டுமென வெகு அன்புகூர்சு அனுக்கிரஇப்ப க லேகஸமரஐ, கைப்பார்ததால்‌, மேற்சொல்லிய மகானுபாவர்சளுக்‌' கு இவர்களே ௮ அப ராவகசாரமென்று இரஇிச்சவேண்‌ டயிருக்கிற ௮. அகிலும்‌ எங்களுடைய ஆர்தரியமா. னவம்‌, வினயமானவம்‌, பிசார்த்சளையென்னவெனி ல்‌, சமது சேசக்காரனைவரும்‌, ஓ ஒருமிதஅச்‌ சுகமாய்‌ வாமவெண்டுமென்பதம்‌,. கடவுளின்‌ உண்மையான வம்‌” பரிசச்சமானவும்‌, ௦௧ம்‌. எதுவோ அதுதிலைபு சிறப்‌ பரவவேண்டுமென்பதமேயாம்‌, \| ௫- வ... எவிகள்‌ கொள்கையில்‌ பழுன்றனவற்‌ றை அக்கபிப்பதும்‌ கண்டிப்பதும்‌ சரியாலலும்‌, கி ராக்ூபமான விஷயங்களையும்‌ ஈம்மபண்டிததர்கள்‌ அக்ஷமிக்கனெறமையால்‌ அவர்களுடைய. தர்மர்‌ தையும்‌, கிஸ்பிரு ருஹ்சுவபாவழும்‌ ஈன்ராய்விளங்கு௫ற ஹ்‌. .. “அவர்சஞுடைய இஷ்டப்படி க்குக்‌ காருணி யம்‌, சத்தியம்‌, ியாயம்‌, கூமை, சுற்பு, ஸ்தேசம்‌ ,மே சலியவற்மைவிட்டொழிக்கச்‌ சுவதந்இராள ளாரகிலும்‌, தா்‌ இவை அடுச்காதசுணல்களெ னது உப தேசிக்கக்சொடங்கிய த ௮ விக்தையாக விருக்‌ இன, திதங்கள்விருத்தி த கபம்‌ விருக்கின்றன வென்றோ, அல்லது அவற்றையெல்லா ம்விட்டொழிப்பதுதசான்‌ கல்லமசமென்றுகருதியோ, இல்லெனில்‌ அவர்கஞஷ்டைய நிஷ்பக்பாகத்தை வி ச்சீ க்கும்‌ பொருட்டோ, மற்றெர்கஹேவைப்பற்றி யோ, அவர்களிவ்வாறு வாதிக்கச்கொடம்‌இஞர்கள்‌, அகிலும்‌ ஒருபானை சோற்றுக்கு ஒருசோறுபசமென்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌... கள பதுபோல்‌, அவர்கள்‌ இவ்விஷயங்களில்‌ செய்யும்வா தங்களைக்கொண்டே, இதாவிஷயங்களில்‌ அவர்களு டைய அபிப்பிராயகவுரவத்தை த்‌ கொள்ளக்‌ கூடிமென்று எச்சரிக்கறோம்‌. இ-வ.௪.--எங்கள்‌ பிர இக்கைய களில்‌. இலவற்றின்‌ ப மேல்‌. டப்ப ஏமுதபக்ஷத்தில அவற்றைஅவர்களி வடக இசைந்தவாது தப்பாய்‌ மொழதிபெயா்த்‌ 2 இவ்வாறுசுவயமாய்‌ ஆரோபித்துக்‌ கொண்டக நதியைக்‌ கண்டித்அவிட்டு ஜஐயகோஷ. மிடுதிஞுாக ள்‌. இவ்வாறு அவர்களனுசரித்த கோண்லானவழி கள்‌ அகக்தமிருக்சினும்‌ நம்மன்பர்கள்‌. திருப்தியின்‌ -பொரும்டிவ்வளவு உரைத்ததே போதுமென்று தி னைக்கிறோம்‌. மதங்களினால்‌ த இண பவேண்டிய பயனெல்லாங கூ. ம்‌. சற்கதியடையவேண்டுமென்பதேயல்லவா ! அப்‌ படியிருச்சப்‌, பழுதான மதத்தை அவலம்பித்‌ அவிட்‌ டு, அரபிமானத்தால்‌. பொய்க்சக்ஷிகட்டத்‌ தலைப்படு வோமாகில்‌ பிறகுகடவுளுக்குமுன்‌ குற்றவாளியாக நின்று நரம்‌ சொன்ன பொய்க்கு உத்தரம்சொல்லு ம்படி நேரிடிமாகில்‌, அப்போது நமனு ரபிமானம்‌ - வற்று ஜாமீனாக நிற்குமோ 8 ஆகையால்‌ ,எங்களமத மென்பதொன்றில்லை. உண்மையான கடவுள்‌ மதமே எங்கள்மதம்‌, ௮ந்தமதம்‌ எற்‌இருந்தாலும்‌ எங்களுக்‌ ு ௨ கவு வேகஸமாஜ, கு இரா௫யெமே. அதற்கு விரோதமாக எவ்விதப்‌ பிர. மாணமிருக்கினும்‌, எங்களாக்ஞு கடட தப்பட்ட வ ட சண்ட: 0 வருப்‌ ண்ட பரி யான பாரமார்த்திகபேயென்றும்‌; இர்கசர்ச்சையின்‌. மேல்‌ தத்‌ அவம்வெளியாக வேண்டுமென்இற-ஈல்‌ல௫ சதையுடன்‌ அந்தக்‌ கஇரர்தத்கை இயற்கினாரெயன்னீ வைஷம்மியத்தா லல்லவென்றும்‌; அட திர்தவர்களும்‌௮அவருக்குஆப்தருமாகியசிலா உரைத்த. னர்‌. அத்தன்மையான பரிசத்தசந்தையடன்‌ அதைய வர்‌ எமுதியிருப்பாராகில்‌, ௮வர்முயற்ச்டி சிலாடிக்கத்‌ குக்கதேயாம்‌; நாங்களும்‌ அவரை உண்மையாகவேக வரவிச்சக்கடமைப்பட்டிருப்போம்‌. இப்படிக்கில்லா விடி.லும்‌, எங்கள்கொள்கை வாஸ்சவத்தில்‌அனாதியா இலும்‌, சிலகாளாய்‌ கடந்தேறிவரும்‌ ஏற்பாடுகளுக்கு மூற்றம்விரோக மானதாகையால்‌, இப்புதிய கொள்‌ கை பழுகற்றதென்றாவு, அல்லது அவர்பிரகிருதத்‌ இல்‌ அவலம்பிக்கும்‌ மதத்கைக்‌ காட்டிலும்‌ மேலான தெனமுவஅ ஏற்பட்டாலொழிய அவருடைய அபிப்‌ பிராயத்தைவிடும்படியாவத,எங்கள்கொள்சையைப்‌ பற்றும்படியாவது அவரைக்‌ கேட்பது தர்மமல்லவா கையால்‌, அரபிமானமின்கி எங்கள்கொள்கையின்்‌௯ வரூத்தை விசாரிப்பதம்‌, ஏதேலும்சர்தேகமுண்டாயி. ருக்கின்‌ அதற்குச்சமாகான முரைக்கும்படி யெங்க ( விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௯ க்கேட்பதம்‌ ஸஹஜமே. இவ்வசாவேயனறி ௮வரு பையகெர்ள்கை சுருதிஸ்மிரு முதலியஸத்பிரமாணம . கஞக்கும்‌,யுக்‌ இக்கும்‌ இசைநததாயும்‌, எங்கள்‌ ௪௯௮ 2ரமமானகாயும்‌ ௮னியாயமானதாயும்‌ இருக்கும்ப கதிஇல்‌, தேசக்ஷூமத்அக்கிரங்கி, நிஸ்பிருஹூத்தச்‌ அடன்‌எங்கள்ககதியைக்சண்டித்அத்தகுக்தபிரமாண ங்களைக்சொண்டு எங்களையும்‌ அயலாரையும்கெளியச்‌ செய்வதும்‌ சரியானகாரியமேயாம்‌. அப்படிக்‌ கெல் லாமன்றி தமதசச்திமுற்றுமாதாரமற்ற பல்பஜமான; தென்றும்‌, எங்கள்கொள்கை சகலகவுரவயுக்கஇப்‌ பிர மாணங்களின்மேலும்‌ ஆதாரப்பட்டிருக்கிறசன்மார்‌ க்கடமன்னும்‌, உள்ளுறவறிக்‌இருக்தும்‌, எங்கள்‌ க௯திக்‌ குரிய பிரத்தியகூமானபிரமாணங்களெல்லாம்மறை த்தும்‌, யாதொரு அதாரமுமற்றஅர்வழக்கத்றுக்கு ௨ ஓஷ.த்தேனும்‌ சம்மந்தமற்ற சுருதிவாக்கெயங்களை யெ டுத்து அவற்றை ஆதகாரம்போல்‌ உரைத்‌ தஎண்ணரிய ஜனங்களைப்பிரமிக்கும்படிச்செய்யக்‌ அணிவோரை 6 ம்மன்புள்ளசோதரர்‌ என்னென்று கூறுவார்‌. சண்ட ளைச்சாரர்‌அனுசரித்தமாரக்கத்தின்‌ சுவருபம்‌ இசன்கா. ன்காவஅஅத்தயொயத்தால்ஈன்ருய்விள்ங்குமாகையா ல்‌ அதைக்குகித்திவ்விடத்தில்விரித்துரைக்‌ கவேண்டி. ய்‌ ஆவ௫ியக மில்லையென நம்புகிழேம்‌. இக்தமார்க்கத்‌ தை யனுசரித்தவர்‌ இக்தக்கண்டனைக்‌ கார ர்மாத்துச மேயல்ல, இகஈ்தச்சென்ளை நகரைக்குற்திப்பதினகாத தூரம்வரையில்‌, பாண்டித்தியத்தாலும்‌, ஆசாரியபுங்‌ ்‌ 0 'வேசஸ்மாஜ, ல்‌அவத்தாலும்‌ முூதல்தரம்பத வியையடைய பலர்‌ ௪ லிய எங்களிடம்‌ வாகாடத்தொடங்கி, யுக்இகளையும்‌ பிரமாணல்களையும்‌ திரப்பரிசோதித்ததன்மேல்‌,தங்‌ ப ள்கக்திக்குகவரவமானபிரமாணமில்லையென்றும்‌, ர்‌: கள்கொள்கையே வேதத்தையலுசரித்ததென்றும்‌ த; ஆஉணியமின் றி வாய்விட்டொப்புக்கொண்டு, ௮வர௭ ரூருக்குப்போனபிறகு இவ்வாறு சடக்தனண்டாகெ ன: அயலார்கேட்சச்‌ சாங்களவ்வாத ஒத்துச்கொண் டதேயில்லயெனஅவர்களுக்கு விடையுரைத்ததுமல ஜி, எங்கள்பசெளக்த்தில்‌எங்களைகிகஇக்கத்‌ தலைப்ப ட்டார்சசொனில்‌, சண்டனைச்காரர்‌ இவ்வாறுசெய் ன விக்தையாகுமோ? ஆலும்‌ அவர்கள்‌ மேற்கண்ட படி. யொரழ்புக்‌ கொண்டபோதகூடவிருக்தபண்டி த, ' சளும்‌ மத்தவர்களும்‌ பிறகு௮வர்களஞுடைய இத்தல மையான பிராமாணியத்தைக்‌ கேட்டு உண்மையா; வேமகிழ்ச்கனர்‌! இக்சச்சந்தர்பத்தில்‌. இதைவெளி௰ வெதற்கு எல்கள்‌உடம்பு கூடனாலும்‌; டல்‌ பழ. செய்யும்படி நேரிட்ட. கடைகியாகக்‌ கடவளானவர்‌. அவரது ருஷ்டி ம லடங்கயெ மற்றஜக்அக்களைப்‌ போலணஷ்தி, மக்களுக்‌ மாத்இரம்‌ யுச்தாயுக்கங்களை யறிச்‌ கொள்வதற்கு: - சாரதனமான புச்கியை அளித்திருக்கின்‌உ மையா நாம்‌ ௮தை வஞ்சனையின்திப்‌ பழக்க, தாக்ணியமு ம அ ரபிமானமுமின்தி விசாரஞ்‌ கெய்யுக்கோறும்பே ( விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨.௧. ன்‌ மேலும்விருத்யடைவோமென்பதற்கு நம்மையா நம்‌ நாட்டாபேபோதுமான நிதர்சனமாகிலும்‌; ஈம து தேசத்திலும்‌ விஷயவிசாரம்‌ அடியோடில்லாமற்‌ போசவில்லையென்று எச்சரிக்கிடோம்‌. இக்தன்மையா னவிசாரங்கள்செய்யகாம்‌ அதிகாரிகளல்லவெனவும்‌, பகவதம்சமான யாரோடிலாமாத்திரம்‌ அ.தற்கஇகாரி கசொனவும்‌, ஈம்‌மவரில்சிலர்கூறுவார்‌. ஆகிலும்‌. அரு சா சடவுளானவர்‌ மனுஷியசாமனியத்துக்கும்‌ புத்தி யளிக்காமல்‌ சிலருக்கு மாத்திரம்‌ அளித்திருப்பாரா இல்‌ அப்போது இவ்வாறுகூறுவது பமுதாகமாட்டா ட்ட நம்மபெரியோர்‌ விசாரிதீனு நூடித்தவிஷயத்தில்‌, நரம்மஅபடி. விசாரஞ்செய்யக்‌ கூடாதென்று ஈமக்கு உபதேசம்‌ செய்யவெகுே உ யருள ளர்‌. ஆகம்‌ அ௮ப்பெரி யோர்கள்‌ அவர்களுக்கும்‌ பெரியோர்விசாரித்‌ த்து மூ டி த்தலிஷபங்களை மறுபடியாராயச்‌ தொடங்கி, மு ன்னேற்பாடுகளுக்கு மூற்றும்‌ இரட்ட பவிதல்‌்‌ பலபுதி பவேற்பாடுகளைச்‌ செய்திருக்கிற மர்களல்லவா.. வென்‌. பதைமாத்திரம்‌ கவனிப்பாரில்லை, ஈமதுதுசாரியன்‌ உப்பைப்‌ பார்தி துச்சாக்கரை யென்பாராகில்‌. அந்த உப்பு இத்திக்குமோ! இப்படிக்கிருந தம்‌ யாரோஒரு பெரியவர்‌ சொன்னாரென்கிற ஹேதுவைப்பற்றி, வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ உப்பை வெள்ளைச்சார்க்கரையென்‌ ௮ வியவஹரிட்பது மாக்தஇிரமேயன றி, போஜனகா லத்தில்‌ உப்பென்றவர்சகளை ஜாதியில்‌ தாழ்ச்தவொ ன்று அவமதிச்சனெறனரல்லவா? இவ்வளவு அல்ப! க்‌ ௨௨. வேக்ஸமாஜ,. 112. த வட்வ்னை ல லாம்‌ குடிமுழுிப்போவதா யம; ப்பதுபோதுமான சுவரூபவிசார மில்ல ஈமையாலே. ல்லவா? கடைசியாசக்கடவளானவர்‌ ஒவ்வொருவ க்கும்‌ பகுத்தறி வளித்திருக்கையில்‌, அதைத்‌ ம்‌ னும்‌ பயன்படுத்தாமல்‌ அயலார்‌ பேச்சையே கேட்‌. டு நடப்போமாகில்‌ ஈம. உத்தரவாதம்‌ 6க்குமோ! சசலவிதக்‌ கொடிய இருத்தியங்களைச்‌ செய்வேனா இலும்‌ பிராமணனாய்‌ மாத்தரமிருக்தால்‌ அவனுக்கு கஸோடசோபசாரங்கள்‌ செய்யவேண்டு மெனவும்‌, பசியால்வருக்தி உத்தரக்ஷணத்கில்‌ பிராணவியோக மடையும்‌ நிலைமையிலுள்ளவன்‌ அருஷ்களுகில்‌ அவ னுக்கு அன்னமிடக்கூடாதெனவும்‌ ஈம்மஜசாரியர்க. ள்‌ செய்யும்‌ ஈல்ல உபசேசக்கைக்கேட்டு. அப்படி... யேஈடப்மோமாூல்‌, நியாயாதிபஇகளுக்‌ கெல்லாம்‌. நியாயாதிபஇயாயுள்ளவர்‌ “உனக்கு த்தனியாய்ப்பளு ்தறிவளித்திருக்கையில்‌ அதையேன்‌ உபயோரகிதி ஃ அக்கொள்ளவில்லை"' யெனில்‌ அதற்கென்னவிடை புரைச்கக்‌ கூடும்‌? கடவுளே நன்மை தீமைகளிரண்‌ டையும்‌ படைக்௫. அவற்றிற்குரியப்‌ பயன்களாயும்‌ விதித்‌ த விட்டபோதிலும்‌, மனிதற்கு சவாதத்திரிய த்தை யளித் இருக்கையில்‌, சாம்‌ ௮த்கன்மையான ௯ வாதந்திரியத்தைப்‌ போக்கிவிட்டு மனிதரை மிருகங்‌ களின்‌ திலமையிற்றள்ளி மூக்காங்கயிறு போட்டி. முக்க யத்சனித்தல்‌. தார்மமாகுமோ? கடைசியாக எ ங்சள்‌ கொள்கை யெல்லாம்‌ பமுதற்றன வென்று. விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨௩௨ சாங்கள்‌ கூறவில்லை. பிரக இருதத்தில்‌ அவைப்‌ பமக, ற்‌ தபாக தோன்திலும்‌, - பிற்காலுள்ளவர்‌ ௮. வற்றை மாற்றலாம்‌. இக்காலத்‌ அள்ளவரும்‌ ௮ வற்றைப்‌ பமுகசானவையென்று யாராவது தயைசெ ப்௮ு சதெனவடங்கச்‌ காட்டுவாராஇல்‌, நாங்களுட னே மாறச்‌ சித்தமாமிருக்கறோம்‌. மாறவேண்டியது மனிதரியல்பு, மாருதிருப்பது மிருகமொன்றே. அகி ௮ம்‌ காமடையும்மாறுபாடுகள்யுககமானவையென்ப தற்குச்‌சரப்பரிசோதித்தமேல்சமஅமன சாரஷதிருஐ-2 சொல்லுமாஇல்‌ நம்முடையஉத்தாவாதம்‌ நீங்ஞாம்‌. எங்களை யெதிர்த்‌அப்‌ பண்டி தர்களியற்திய புத்த கம்‌ மூமுமைக்கும்‌, ஒரோ விடை யெழுதும்ப௯்ஷக்கி ல்‌.௮௮ வெகு பெரியபுக்தககமாய்‌ முடியுமாகையால்‌;, ஒவ்வொருப்‌ பிரஇக்கியையைப்பற்கி ஒவ்வொரு இ இய புத ல அச்சிட்டுப்பிரசரப்படுத்த நிச்சயிக்‌ இருக்கிறோ - இந்தக்கிரக்தத்தில்‌ வியாக்கியானங்களுக்கும்‌ பா ஷியங்களுக்கும்‌ தமிழில்‌ பொருளெழு௮அம்போத-- \| என்கிற குறிவரும்‌. இக்ககுறிக்கு இருபுறல்களிலு முள்ள சொர்கள்‌ பரியாய பதங்களென்று அறிது காளா, பொருட்டு, எங்களுக்கூரிய ஆக்ேஷபமெல்லாம்‌ முதல்‌ அத்தியாயம்‌, எங்கஞடைய முதல்பிரஇக்‌ இயையின்மேல்சொ., லலப்பட்ட அஷணங்கள்‌ சரியோ. பிசகோவென்ப ைப்பரிசோதஇப்பதற்குமுன்‌,அக்தப்பிர இக்கியைமின்‌ கருத்தையும்‌, ௮அதற்காசாரமாக எங்களுக்குத்‌ தோ ன்றும்‌ ராயும்‌ ஒருவாறு உரைக்கிறோம்‌. பிர திக்கியை. டவ ஸ்திதி । ஸம்ஹாரகர் கீஇருக, மோஷ “ப்பிரத, ஸர்வக்கிய, சர்வசக்த, அகககமய, ஸத்‌ 6 ஸ்வளுப, அதிருசிய, அத்துவிகிய, ௪௧, பாம்பு 66 ருஷனை மாத்திரம்‌, அவருடைய அருளாலும்‌, £ அவர்‌ விரும்பும்‌ கர்மங்களின்வழியாலும்‌, கொ 6 ரவேனே யன்றிசிருஷ்டியில்‌ அடங்கிய பூதங்க 4 ரில்‌ ஒன்றையும்‌ தொமேன்‌.' இதில்‌ பிரும்மத்அக்னாச்‌ சொல்லிய விசேஷண கஞுக்குள்‌; அதிருகியம்‌, என்பகொன்று தவிரமற்ற தெல்லாம்‌ சர்வசம்பிரதி பன்னமாகவிருக்‌ இறபடி யால்‌, விவாகமெல்லாம்‌ அக்தஒரு விசேஷண தீஇன்‌ மேல்‌ பொருந்துகிறது. அ௮இருசியத்தைச்‌ தொழு வோமென்பதஇனாலே இருசியமான வற்றைத்‌ தொ மோமென்பது தானாய்துவனித்த போதிலும்‌, எங்க ள்‌ கொள்கையின்‌ கோக்கம்‌ தெளிவாய்‌ விளங்கும்‌ அர்‌ 1 ட. ரி வேகஸமாதஜ, ஆ யா்‌ சசையைப்‌ பொறுத்ததே யென்று... வெளியிட்டு? சொல்லுகிஜோம்‌. ஆனால்‌ விபவ, வியுஹங்கஞம்‌ திரு ்‌ சியமேயாகையால்‌, அவைகளும்‌ இவ்வாக்டூபக்௮ கு உட்பட்டது கானாவென்றாலோ, அதைக்‌ குறித்‌ ன ட்‌ பிரகிருகத்தில்‌ விசாரிச்சவேண்டிய அவூயகமி ல்ல. பிரம்மமே உருக்கொண்டு அவதரிச்‌ அஈமஃ கெ ஞ்ஸ்‌ திரே யெழுக்கருளுங்காலத்தில்‌, அவரை ஆராதிக்க ம்ட்பித்தம்‌ \| க்கி ஒப்புக்‌. கொள்ளலாம்‌. ழூற்காலதிஇல்‌ அவர்பலவி 4) க. அவதாரங்க ளெடுத்தாரே, அத்த அவதாரவ்‌ ௯ விளக்க இக்சாத்தில்‌ லவக்சப்‌ பட்டிருக்க. பிம்பங்களை ஆராதிக்சலாகாதர 'வெள்றாலோ, அவர்‌ விஷயத்தில்‌ அரோபிகச்கப்பட்டி ர.ககற. - அவதாரங்க ள்‌ உண்மையானவையென்றே ஸ்தாபிக்சப்பட்ட। போதிலும்‌, அவற்றின்‌ பிம்பங்கள்‌ அர்ச்சை யென்இ றவகுப்பில்விழுவஅபற்றி அசற்கும்‌ அக்ஷேபம்‌ ஜனிக்‌ கிறு. ௮ர்ச்சாவிஷயத்தைப்‌ பற்திய விசாரச்தை நான்‌ கு௮த்கியாயங்களாசப்‌ பிரித்து, மூதல்‌அத்தியா. தீஇல்‌ அர்ச்சை கூடும்‌ கூடாசென்பதற்குள்ளப்‌ பிர. மாணங்களையும்‌; இரண்டாவ து அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ ஆ. தீப்பிரமாணங்களின்கவுரவதாரதம்மியல்களையம்‌; வி ன்மும்‌ அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ ஆர்ச்சையை உபாசிப்பதஇினா ல்‌ விளையக்தக்க சாககபாதகங்களையும்‌ ; தான்கரவது அத்கியாயத்தில்பண்டி சர்கள்செய்யும்‌ அக்பங்களி ன்சுவருபக்தையம்‌ குறிக்‌ அ விசாரிக்க சிச்சயித்‌இரு\| க்ரோம்‌, ஆ! ந ௫. ட்‌ வ்ண்ணப।ப।ம, க அர்ச்சைப்‌ பிருமமமென்பது ஈமத௫ினேககருடை. கொள்கையும்‌, அல்லவென்பஅ எங்கள்கெரள்கை மாம்‌, ஒருவல்‌அவையாவனு காரியத்தையாவது ௨ அடெனச்‌ சாதிப்பவர்‌ வாதியென்றும்‌; இல்லையென மறுப்பவர்‌ பிர திவாதியென்றம்‌) சஷியைஸ்தாபிக்க வண்டியகடமை, உண்டென்னும்‌ வாதியைப்பொறு $ததேயன்தி, இல்லை யென்னும்‌ பிரதிவாதியைப்‌ பொனுத்ததல்‌ ல்லவென்றும்‌; சகலதேசங்களிலும்‌ ம்வழங் வரும்‌. தர்மசால்திரங்களில்‌ பத டம்‌ ருக்கிற ௫. இத்தன்மையான விதிவந்ததற்குள்ள ஹேதவின்‌ சன்மையைப்‌ பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ விசாரிக்சதுவயகமுமி ௰்லை,அவகாசமுமில்லையாகையால்‌ அதை ஸ்த்ஹேது வாகவே அனைவரும்‌ கொண்டிருக்கி முர்களென்று கு ட்‌ ப்பிடுவதே போதுமானதாக விருக்கிற அ. இந்தி இிமினால்‌ ல்‌ அர்ச்சைபிரும்மமென்றும்‌, அதை உபாசிப்‌ பது சாதவாகுமென்‌ம்நிரூபிக்கவெண்டியஅம்மு _யினேகிதர்கடமையாகவும்‌, அதைக்‌ கண்டிக்கவே ஸ்டிய அ எக்சளைப்பொனுத்ததாயுமிருக்? படியால்‌, 'முதலில்‌அர்ச்சைக்கு ஆசாரமாயுள்ளப்‌ பிரமாணக்க ஊயோ௫ப்போம்‌. முதலில்‌ ல்‌ உத்தரகதையில்‌ & 4 தலி டு தர்களுக்குதெய்வம்‌ அக்கினியில்‌; பட 3 க.மிகெ.ஃவொஃலிலா. ச. நா) ஜிகா ஹ.கி0௨வ_த௦ 5 தத்‌. 6 ்‌ டல்‌ வேகஸமாஜ, 66 ப்வம்ஹிருகயத்‌இல்‌; புத்திழுன்தியவருக்குலிக்கிரது : சீதில்தெய்வம்‌; சமதிருஷ்டியுடையவர்களுக்கு ஏ \| “ கூம்தெய்வம்‌ என்று சொல்லியிருக்க கிறது. இதின்கி ருத்தைச்‌ சற்றுதிர்க்கமாய்ப்‌ பரிசோதிப்போமாஇல்‌, இதில்‌ சால்வகை மனிதரைக்குறித்துப்‌ பிரல்‌தாபித்‌ இருக்கிறதென்றும்‌; பிரகிருஇ பதார்த்தலிக்கியானாஇ சாஸ்‌இரங்களையம்‌, சீவாத்ம பரமாத்ம சுவருபங்களை யும்‌, அவற்கிற்குரிய பரஸ்ப.ரஅனுபக்தங்‌ களையும்‌, 5 பல்‌ ன்ருயுணர்க்அ, சுக௮க்கங்சளிலும்‌, செ லவவறுமை, களிலும்‌, சாவுவாம்வுகளிலும்‌ சமதிருஷ்டியைவத்‌இ ருக்கும்‌ மகானுபாவர்களுக்கு எப்போதும்‌, எவ்விட தீதிலும்‌, கடவுளின்‌ விசித்திர செயல்கள்‌. விளங்கு மாகையால்‌, அவர்களுக்கு எங்கும்‌ தெய்வமென்று. நான்காம்பாதத்‌இனாலம்‌ ; கேவலம்‌ இக்‌.இிரியவி யா பாரங்களெல்லாம்‌ க ஒதித்துவிட்டு யோகாப்பியா௫; ம்செய்யும்‌ மூனிகள்‌ தியானத்தினால்‌ கடவுளை அதிவா. ர்களென்னு இரண்டாம்‌ பாகத்தினாலும்‌; இவ்விருவ: ,குப்பாருக்கும்‌ வர்ணாசிரம தர்மமில்‌ ல்லையென்று மேக்‌ படிசுலோக மூமுமையாலும்‌; வர்ணாசிரமகர்மலங்களை, யுடையவர்களுக்குள்‌, தவிஜர்களெனலும்‌, பிரும்ம௯௩. தீதிரிய வைூயர்களுக்கு சர்மசாசனமான அக்கினிபி. ல்‌ தெய்வம்விளங்குமென்று முதல்‌ பாதத்திலும்‌ : முற்றும்‌ கல்வியும்‌ ஞானமூமற்று மனிதரில்‌ கடை யோராகவம்‌, மற்றவர்ச்சடிமையாயும்‌, கட்டுமுட்டு களையொச்சவராயம்‌. ஒதுக்கப்பட்டிருந்த குச்திரா 4 விண்ணப்பக்‌. உ. டு கள்‌, ஞான த்துக்காவ து, கு. காவன அதிகாரி சளல்லவென்று நீக்கப்பட்டி ரத தல மையால்‌ அவர்க ள்‌ மேற்கூறிய வழிகளில்‌ தத பிக்‌ தபழியாலும்‌,ல ஒருவிதத்தெய்வபக்தியாவது இல்லாவி டில்‌ அவர்களிடத்தில்‌ £கிமார்க்கமே மிராகாகையா லும்‌ அக்காலத்தில்‌ டக ளக்‌ ம இறதினுக்கு இயைசதவாறு விக்ரஹ ஆ ஈகனம்‌ஏற்படுத்தப்பட்‌ டதென்ன. மூன்றாம்பாதத்‌ இினா5 லும்‌ :.. ஸ்பஷ்டமா ய்விளல்கும்‌. இதன்‌ ஞான்று வஅபாதம்‌ ஞூச்கரருக்கா ப சதமேதனவ்பிப்புதாப்ளப்படியேத்ப6 றசெண்‌ ஏலோ,ழதல்‌ பாதத்‌இல்‌ தலிஜர்களாகமு குஏற்பாடுசெய்‌. கவிட்டபமு யால்‌, மேன்றாவஅபாதம்விஜர்களைக்காட்‌ டம்‌ வேரானவர்களுக்‌ க்கே. அனுவயிக்கவேண்டு ம ல்ல்லா? சான்குவர்ணங்களுள்‌ பிராம்மண திவாரணதி திர்யங்கள்‌ த விஜர்களேயாகையால்‌, அ௮வர்சளைக்கர டிம்‌ வேருனவர்‌, சான்சகானஅ வர்ணமாகய சூ க்திரராசவே ட அ. லவா? புத்திருன்‌ கியவரென்பதற்‌ குப்பகில்‌ சூததி திரரென்றேவியக்சமா ட்ச்‌ சொல்லிவிட 'லாகாதாவென்றாலோ, சற்றுயோ 5. தப்‌ பார்ப்பவர்களுக்கு இவ்விரண்டும்‌ பரியாயப சங்களேயென்‌.௮ எளிதில்விளங்கும்‌. சூத்திரருக்குச்‌ கர்மமும்‌ கூடாது, ஞானமும்கூடாதெ ன்ற நிகே௨து, மேத்பட்டிருக்மும்போ௮, அவர்களுக்குப்‌ டது சமண்டாகாதாகையால்‌, ச்தரரென்ப சு 1 ஜதி ச்‌ சூத்த தற்கு ல ய இ: ஜெ ம சனகாதி 0: 27 ல்ல வரி ய்‌ டி % சத்‌ நீதி அசதர்தத தர்‌ தலாக த வனே. ம்‌ இதக்‌ ர்வ [2 அவல்‌ ன்‌ மி ்‌ ரி: ஒவ! ர வேகஸமாஜ்‌ - ல்‌மேற்படு. சுலோகச்திலுள்ள த்லிஜர்‌? என்ற சொல்லுக்குப்‌ பியோஜனமில்லாமற்‌ போகும்‌... இனிவிசாரிக்கப்படும்‌ கண்டோக்தமான ௪௫ இ பிரமாணங்களுக்கு விரோதமாக. இவ்வித - ஏ £பாடுசெய்ய யாருக்காவது அதிகாரமுண்டோ இ ல்லையோ . வென்பதைக்‌ குறித்து வே திடத்தில்‌ ௪ ர்ச்சக்கப்‌ படுமாகையால்‌; பிரகிருதத்தில்‌, இதையும்‌ பிரமாணமாகவே கொண்டுவாஇப்பதிலம்‌ எங்களு க்க. அக்ஷூபமில்லை, எவ்லிசஹேதவுமின்‌ றி ஒருவி பிரவர்த்திக்க மாட்டாதென்பதும்‌; அக்தஹேது ல மிக்கால்‌ விதியும்‌ ஒழியவேண்டியதென்பதம்‌; யுக்தி க்கும்‌ நியாயசாஸ்திரததுக்கும்‌ ௮டுத்தசாக விருக்கி ற. விச்சரஹ ஆராதன த்துக்கு இர்தசுலோகத்தில்‌ சொல்லியஹே த வெல்லாம்‌ கூடி அிவின்மையாக விருக்கெ. முற்காலத்தில்‌ சூத்திரர்‌ முற்றும்‌ அக இயானிகளாக விருந்தபோதஇலும்‌, பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ ௮ - வர்களில்‌ பலர்‌ பிராம்மணருக்குச்‌ சமமானகல்வி ்‌ தேற்றமுடையவராயும்‌; சிலாபிராமணருக்கும்‌ மே லான ஞானமுூடையவராயும்‌ இருக்கையில்‌ இப்‌ போதும்‌ அவர்கட்கு அர்ச்சையை உபாடிக்தல்‌ பொ ரூக்துமோ? சரியானமார்க்கத்சை விட்டுத்தவிறுவோ ர்‌ அதற்குத்‌ தகுரதஹேதுஉமைாக்க மாட்டாவிடில்‌, ௪ ஸக்ஷக்‌ குட்பருவாரென்பன லோகப்பிரக௫ித்தம்‌. மி ருகங்களைப்போலன்றி மனிதருக்கு, அருள்கடவு வளானவர்‌ தம குணங்க ளெல்லாவற்கிலும்‌ இறக்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ப ன அர தமச வருபகுணமுமாகிய, நேரும்‌ நிகரும ௨௦ ஞானத்தை பலஸிச்சகில்‌ அவருடையஉத்தேசியம்‌ 'ன்னவாம்‌! காம்‌ அஷ்து ஈமதுசக்இ வஞ்சனையன்‌ றி 1ரூ.ச்திசெய்அ கொண்டு, அவருடைய மஹிமையை பவி அகொண்டு, ஈமனஇயல்புக்‌ கடுக்சமார்ச்‌ கங்க ராலும்‌, அவருடைய தககைக்கு இசைச்சவழியாலு ட அவரைக்‌ கொழு தத்தில்‌ சளிக்சவேண்டுமென்‌ (தெய்ல்ல லவா? இதுதான்‌ அவர்கருக்‌ தென்பதற்று நி ்ஸர்தேகமான சுருதிப்பிரமாணம்‌ பின்னாலுரைக்க படும்‌. இச்சன்மையான அவருடைய ஆக்ியையை ஐடிப்பதே. ஈமக்கு நீங்கலாக்‌ கடமையாக விருக்‌ 2 குயில்‌, சொஞுத் அச்‌ சோம்பேறித்தனத்தினால்‌, ௪ $இயில்லை யென்ற வியாஜக்சைச்‌ சொல்லிச்‌ கொ ன்டு்‌ திரிவதினால்‌ உமது உத்கரவாகம்‌ நிங்குமோ? மஃமுச்‌ சக்தியை யளித்தகடவுளினிடத்திலே, ஈமக்‌ 4. ்‌ * ௪. ௫ ௫. ௪ லரகம்மை. . மன்னிப்பாரோ?. கரிப்பில்‌ கூழுக்கும்‌ ௫ பதியற்றவன்‌ கொள்கா பிடுவானாகில்‌ ஒருவேளை பிரஜாங்கக்தார்‌ ௮வசியகத்தை யோடுத்து அவனை மன்னிப்பார்க ளாகிலும்‌; புஷ்களமான காலத்தில்‌ 9எல்வத்திம்‌ இறந்த ஒருவன்‌ கொள்ளை யிட்டுவிட்டு, ரான்‌ வரியோனென்று வியாஜம்‌ கூறுவானாகில்‌, து உரத்கனத்தார்‌ அவனை மன்னிப்பார்களா? அல்ல ட -.. வேதல்மாஜு, ருவன்‌, பசியால்‌ ல்‌ வரும்‌ மற்றொருவலுக்கு அல்‌ மிடாவிடில்‌ கடவுள்‌ மனமிரங்கி ண்ண ன டன 5௮ ம்‌; பணத்தின்‌ மீதுறங்குவோன்‌ அவ்வாறு செய்த ல்‌ அவனைச்சருந்கபடி. சண்டிப்பாரென்பதில்‌ ௪8௦6 தே கழமுண்டோ? சக்தியுள்ள பக்ஷத்தில்‌ இது சரிதான்‌ நமக்குப்‌ போனமான சக்கிமில்லையே யென்று ருலோ அதைச்சற்று அராய்கஅபார்ப்போம்‌. சாதாரண சரய க்காலும்‌ சாதாரணமனிதர்களும்கடினமான சாஸ்திர ங்களெல்லாம்‌ கற்கவும்‌, கண்ணுக்செட்டாதவிஷயம கமாக்குரிதி னு அதிதுட்பமாசவாஇிக்கவும்‌, அகேசவரு ஷங்களுக்குப்பிறகு கூரியசர்திராதிர கங்களுக்கு 4 சம்பவிச்கச்தக்க கரஹணாதஇி உச்பாதங்களை கணிதச ஹாயத்த கால்கணிக்கவும்‌, வெகுகாலத்அக்னுமூன்ஈட தவிஷயங்களை அனுமானக்தரால்‌ அஇிநீ.ு கொள்ளா ம்‌.திறமுடைய ஈம்மவருக்கு உள்ளும்வெளியும்‌ இர ம்‌ பகலும்‌ ஒளிக்திருக்அ இர்தையும்‌ சாகனமுமின்‌ மீ வேலையும்‌. ஒய்்‌வமற்று, . சர்வக்கிய ளொன்போர்‌ மன தக்கு. மெட்டாதவிகிக்கிர வி ந்‌ைதைகளை இடைவிடா ௮. விளைக்கின்‌ உ, ஞாதாதக்த ட பரமாத மாவின்‌ இருப்பையும்‌, அவருடைய அ௮கந்தகலியாண குணற்களையம்‌ ட அட்‌ அறிந்‌ அநக்இக்கச சக்கியிராசென்பது யுச்இக்ருப்‌ பொருந்துமோ? ௩ம்‌ அ இர இரயற்களுள்‌ சர்வசிரேஷ்டமரன தாய மன இதனாலே அவரை யேசக்கேசமாவது அறியக்கூடா கெனில்‌ பின்னும்‌, பக்கமும்‌ பரர்க்கத்‌ இறமற்க ட்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌; ஐ ண்களைக்கொண்டு ௮இ சாமானியமான புற்பூ ரடு. முதலிய அசேததக பதார்த்தங்களுச்குரிய ௪ இயுமற்ற. சலொமயமானவும்‌, லோஹமயமான வம்‌ ரதிமைகளைக்‌ கட்த பரப்பிரும்ம விஷய ரக. தமக்கு என்ன ஞான முூண்டாகும்‌ ! நமது ந்திரியங்களுக்குள்‌ மெய்‌, வாய்‌, இவ்விரண்டும்‌ ப த இண்டும்‌. வமாயில்‌ உணரமாட்டா கையால்‌, அவற்கின்‌ ௪கஇ வெகு ௮ல்பமானதெ னம்‌, மூக்குச்செலி கள்‌ சற்றுதாரதிதிலுள்ள வற்‌ ஐயம்‌ உணருமாசையால்‌ அவை மெய்வாய்களேல்‌ £ட்டிலும்‌ மேலானவை யென்றும்‌ ; பின்ஜ அம்‌ பக்க றம்பரர்க்கசமாட்டாகெனிலம்‌ கண்‌ எதோ தடையில்‌ ரகவமாயில்‌ காணமாகையால்‌ மற்ற இகதிரியங சாலிட்‌ இத சர்வசரெஷ்டமான தாகிலும்‌, மனதிற்‌ சாஜ்க்கதேயென்‌ றம்‌; ஏனேனில்‌ சண்டதையம்‌ ச்‌ (22690 னு ௫ \| (ர்‌ ளாுத்தையும்‌, கடர்ததையும்‌, வருவ கயம்‌, அறிவ உமன.. சொன்றே யாகையாலும்‌, அதில்லாமல்‌ ம இக்த திரியங்களால்‌ ஒருபயனலும்‌ இடையாகாகையா ஓம்‌, கடவுளால்‌ ந ச சடட்டபேறுக ளில்‌ மன. 9்குஞ்‌ இிறந்த.த வேறொன்றுமில்லை யென்றும்‌ ; 9 யாதவர்‌ ஈமு தேசத்தில்‌ கற்றோரிலாவது கல்‌ மாரிலாவன யாராவது உண்டோ! இப்படிக்கிருக்னு பின்பு வரும்‌ சருஇவாக்கியங்களில்‌ அஇீர்கிரிய பானதென்று மூறையிடப்பட்டிருக்கிற பரப்பிரு ப்மத்தை.. சர்வசரோஷ்டமான மனஇஞல்‌ எட்டி. 3 ஷ்‌ ய ்‌.. வேசுஸமாஜ, முடியாகசாகையால்‌, பரமசெளத்தரியத்துக்கு த பமானமாக மகுரூபசமனைக்‌. சாட்டுவதுபோல, ட ரப்பிரும்மத்‌அக்குப்‌ பிரதிநிதியாக: ஞானமும்‌. இ வனு. மற்ற பிரதிமையைக்‌ சண்களால்‌ கன _டே அதிர. கொள்ள. வேண்டு மென்பதைச்‌ த ற்று யோடப்பேரமாமின்‌, அது ௮மிருதத்தின்‌ ௬8 யைஅகிய விரும்புவோனுக்கு விஷத்தைக்‌ கொடுத்த ச்காட்டுவத போலும்‌ ; அதிதாரதேசம்‌ போக 0 ண்டியவனுக்கு ரெயில்வண்டியதசவாத,கட்டைவண்டி யேஉதவு மென்பதுபோலும்‌ இருக்கிற. ண்‌ றிய ம்‌, கடவுளானவர்‌ நம இக்கரியங்களில்‌ ஒவ்வொ அக்கும்‌உரிச்கானதொமீ 'லையும்‌சக்தியையுமளித்‌இரு: இருரொன்பதும்‌, ஒரு இர்திரியத்தாலாக வேண்டு ம காரியம்‌ மற்றொன்றாலாகமாட்டாகென்பதம்‌, அலை வர்க்குர்‌ தெரிர்தவிஷயம்‌, பதார்த்கங்களின்‌ உருக ப, வாய்‌ ஒன்றுதவிர மற்றஇநத்திரியங்களால்‌ ௮.2 யக்கூடுமென்றும்‌ ; கண்தவிர மற்றஇக்தரியங்களாக உருவசத்தையதியக்கூடமென்றும்‌; காதுதவிரமற்றஇ; .இரியங்களால்‌சையைஅதியச்கூடுமென்றும்‌;யா ராக அசாதிப்பார்களாகல்‌ ௮ப்போது௮௫்‌ இிரியமும்‌, மன இற்குமாத்தும்வஷயமுமாகிய பரட்பிரும்மத்தைக்‌ ண்வாய்‌ மக்குச்செவிகளால்‌உணரக்கூடுமென்று 9 அகச்கொள்வோம்‌. பிரகிருகத்தில்‌ இயற்கைக்கும்‌, ம்‌ வலின்‌ அமைப்புக்கும்‌; விரோசமரன்‌ கொள்கைமனது ந்குஓப்பவில்லை.விக்கரகதராசனத்சைச்செய்வோம/ விண்ணப்பம்‌, க்க 'ல்லிக்கிரகங்கஞுக்றாப்போட்டி.ருக்கும்கிறக்க அடை .ணிகளாலும்‌, ல பத்தன்‌ தல விசித்திர பானபாண மத்தாப்பு இவிட்டிகளாலும்‌, நமது கண்‌ குநக்கும்‌;, வினோதமான வாத்கியங்களால்‌ காதுக ர்க்கும்‌ 5 புஷ்பசர்சனாதி வாசனைத்திரவியங்களால்‌ ழக்குக்கும்‌ ; பக்கியபணியாரங்களால்‌ தாரக்குக்கும்‌, (ண்பெண்களுடன்‌ உறைவதினால்மெய்ச்கும்‌ஒருவி௪ ன்பம்‌ இலருக்குண்டாகலா மாகிலும்‌, அஇனால்‌ ம ஈதிற்கு என்னஉண்மையான ஆகந்தமுண்டாகுமோ (தரிக்ததன்னு, இவற்றைக்காட்டிலும்‌, வேறுஆநந்த. \| உண்மையாகவே அவ்விடத்திலுண்டெனில்‌, இவற்‌ ற யேன்‌௮வலம்‌ பிக்கவேண்டும்‌. \| இ௫ுனால்‌ மனிதருச்கிசையாத குச்தெமான ஆ தமும்‌ மூடபக்தியும்‌ தவிர வேறொன்றும்‌ ஜனி து சில்லை யென்பதற்கு நிர்விவாசமான ஓ ஒரு இரு டாக்த மிருக்கிற௮. விக்கிரகங்களைப்‌ பிரதிஷ்டை இதி லென்பதற்கு, சிலாமயமானவும்‌, லோகமய \|ரனவும்‌, பிம்பங்களில்‌ பிரும்மச்தை ஆவாகனம்‌ (சய்க லென்பதே பொருளல்லவா ? விக்கிரகங்களு குப்‌ பலவிசப்‌ பெயர்களையிட்ட போதிலும்‌, அவற்‌. 1ல்‌ அவாகனம்‌ செய்வதாய்ச்சொல்லும்‌ பிரும்மம்‌ ன்றேயல்லவா? சாதாரணமான கேோரயில்களிலுள்‌ - விக்ெகங்களைச்‌ காட்டிலும்‌, செல்வச்தில்‌ மிகு ிகோமில்களிலுள்ள விஃரெசங்களில்‌ ௮௫ பிரும்ம, ்‌ 'இரோமபிக்க ப்பட்டிருக்கிற கெனறு சொல்லப்‌ த்‌ ட்‌ கட்‌ வேகஸமாஜ, பொருந்தமோ 1? இல்லெ லனில்‌. வட்டித்‌ சருள்‌ ள ஏழ்மையான கோயில்களில்‌ ஒருச்சாலும்‌ அழை யாமல்‌ வெருபொருள்‌ செலவு செய்அம்‌, அரதேச யாத்திரைகள்‌ செய்தும்‌ நம்மவர்‌ பணக்கார சோயி ல்சளைக்‌ தேடிச்செல்வதற்களுக்‌ சாரணமென்ன னவா ம்‌ ௫. ம்‌. ஒருவிக்கிரசத்தில்‌ ஆசோபிக்கப்பட்டுருக்கிற டீ ரும்மதீதின்‌ அபிமானத்தால்‌, மற்றொரு ந கோயில்‌ விக இரசத்திலுள்ள பிரும்மத்துக்கு மஹிமையண்டாவத கமதிச்‌ த, ஈம்மவர்‌ காஞ்சு ரம்முகலிய பிர பலமான கோயில்களிலுள்ளவிச்‌ரகல்களைத்‌ தன்கள்கல்கள்வ களிர்ன்காயில்களுக்கு ரலம்ப் தை 4 இ வெகுசிலர்‌.இதமாத ரமேயல்ல ,வெகுபணம்‌( ண. மித்து, காட்டுப்புர ங்களில்‌ வக்கப்பட்டி ருக்கும்‌ கி கரைகங்களை அசற்காக முடிந்து வைக்க கதம்‌. இற கியமப்படிக்குப்‌ பிரதிஷ்டை செய்தபிறகும்‌, டைசியாக ஒருபணக்கார விக்ரெகத்தின்‌ சடசோர்‌ இதையாவது சொண்டு அதின்‌ தலையில்‌ வைச்காகக வயல்‌ அதற்கு நிவேகனம்‌ செய்த தப்த த அனைய ட ப்ல் ளுண்ட சேஷம்‌ போல ஒதுக்கி வைப்‌ அம்‌. எவ்வித கியாயத்மைப்பற்தியோ செரியாத இதெல்லாம்‌ சாதாரணபாமர ஜனங்கள்‌ மாத்த பன்றி வெகு பேர்க்கா சதியளிப்பசாய்க்‌ கூறும்‌, ப ண்டித்தஇிய முள்ள ஞானிகளும்‌ இவ்வாறே செய்க முர்களென்பது அனைவர்க்குந்தெறிக்த விஷயம்‌, இ விசமாக சாதாரண ஞானத்துக்காலது பக்இக்கர விண்ணப்பம்‌; ்‌ ௬௨ து உசவாமல்‌, அதிஹேயமானவும்‌ கேவலம்‌. துவே உச்அக்கு ஹேஅுவானவும்‌ இக்சமார்க்கம்‌ பிரகரு சத்திலுள்ள சூத்திரர்களுக்கே இசையாதெனில்‌, பி -ஈம்மண ரென்று பெயரிட்டுக்கொண்‌. டிருப்பவருக்‌ த இ.து எப்படி. ஸாஅவான மார்க்கமாகும்‌? மேற்கூ, ிய சுலோகத்திஞல்‌ அர்ச்சையென்பதுசுத்திரர்கள்‌ விஷயத்தில்‌ மாத்திரம்‌. ஆதியில்‌ உத்சே௫ிக்கப்பட்‌ _காய்‌ ஏற்படுகிற தென்று காரங்கள்‌ கூறுவது சரி பான பொருளாவென்ற௫ சிலர்‌ ஆக்ஷேபிக்கலாமா கசயால்‌, ஆதிமுதல்‌ பிராம்மணாதுி வர்ணத்தாயங்க ஸில்‌ ஈடர்தேறிவரும்‌. ஆசாரங்களில்‌ முக்கியமான வற்றைக்‌ கொண்டு அதின்‌ கருத்தை யோசிக்க வே ண்டிய தாகிறத. “இனந்தோறும்‌ ஸந்தியாவர்தனம்‌ செய்‌''* என்னும்‌ விதியைசூத்திரக்காரர்‌ தீவிஜர்கள்‌ விஷயமாகவே. விதித்தாரென்பது நிர்விவாசமான லம்‌: இரக்க ஸந்தியா வகீதனத்‌இன்‌ சவர பத்தை விசாரிக்கப்‌ புகுங்கால்‌, கமீனமாய்‌. அதில்‌ வந்தேறிய சிலதியான சிலோகங்கள்‌ தவிர மற்த ௮ தன்‌ எச்தபாசமாவ௫, ௨௫ பிரதிமையைப்பற்றிய சாமில்லையென்௮ம்‌, அதின்பிரகான பாகமாகிய கா ய.த்கிரியென்பது கேவலம்‌ பரப்பிரும்ம பரமே யெ ன்‌௫ம்‌, பிராணாயாமாதி பாகங்களால்‌ ஈமதுகண்வா ய்‌ மூக்குச்செவிகளின்‌ வியாபாரத்தை யடைகீகிவிட்‌ அவவை யல வைத ய வையை யப பயயபவஅனைய பைவ வைய வையக வைய அவையவை வைகையை அனையை கணைய கனை ககக ட்‌ டுப்‌ 5. அக தியானம்செய்யலேண்‌ டிய தாய்‌ஏற்படிகிற சென்றும்‌, சாஞம்விளல்கும்‌ மேற்கூதியசலோகத்தில்‌ 64 த்விஜர்களுக்குத்தெய்வம்‌ அக்கினியில்‌” என்நுரைத்திருக்கிறதே, அக்கினியின்‌ க காயமே யன்தி செய்யப்படும்‌ ஸக்தியாவர்தனத்அகி கும்‌ அதற்கும்‌ என்ன சம்மர்தமென்று கேட்கும்‌ ப அஷதீஇல்‌ அதைச்சற்றுசாட்டுஜோம்‌, சாயத்திரிக்குப்‌ பூர்வாங்கமாகச்‌ செய்யும்‌ கர்மங்களில்‌ “ சூரியஞூடி ப அக்னியில்‌ ஹோமம்‌ செய்கிறேன”? * என்றும்‌ சத்தியமாகிய அகச்தினியில்ஹோமம்‌ செய்கிறேன்‌? - என்றும்‌ ; இக்தஸர்கியாவச்சனததையே ர்வ 1மமாக௮ஏம்‌, அதற்குச்‌ சூரியனையும்‌, ச௪.க்‌தியத்தையும்‌, அக்னியாகவும்‌ உத்பிரேகூதித்திருக்ற தல்லவா? இ கையெல்லாம்‌ அனுசரித்தே 4 தீவிஜர்களுக்குத்‌ தெய்‌ வம்‌ அக்கினியில்‌ ?' என்று ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட தென்பதில்‌ இனையளவும்‌ சரந்தேகமுண்டோ? விவேக கள்‌ ஒருவனுக்கு ஒருகாரியக்கை லிதிப்பார்க ளெனி ல்‌ ௮௮ செய்யக்‌ கூடியதாகவே யிருச்குமென்பது தி பாயமான அனுமானமாகும்‌. அவர்கள்‌ பல்‌ முளையாக்‌ குமந்தையைப்‌ பார்க்‌. து பாறையைத்‌ அக்கும்படி வி 8 ஹெ. கொதி எ ஷட்டுப்டு வாரி ஷஹா.ஹா. ளா ஷெ5) ஸலொ.சிஷ_,5-ணஹொசிஹா அறி விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௧ ்‌ ிப்பார்களெனப்‌ பொருக்துமோ? அப்படியாயின்‌ ௮ ரீகளிடத்தில்‌ ட ட எப்படி. கொள்‌ £க்கூடும்‌? அகையால்‌ அ௮வர்கள்‌உண்மையாக வேவி 'வ௫செளாகல்‌, சாத்தியமான தொழில்களை விதப்‌ ார்களேயன்கி ௮சாத்தியமான காரியத்தை விதிக 'மாட்டார்க. ளென்பது சகஜமாய்‌ ஏற்படுகிறசல்ல ர பிராம்மணருக்குள்‌. காலதேச௪ வர்த்தமான \| ்‌ நக்கு அனுகுணமாக செய்யவாவது விடவாவது கூ நி பகல்பத்து கர்மங்கள்‌. பலவுள வெனிலும்‌, ௨ (கயனம்‌ செய்அகொண்டு ம்‌ படை. த ஒவ்வொருவருக்கும்‌. 4 இனந்தோறும்‌ ஸர்இி பாவக்தனம்‌ செய்‌!” என்கிற விதிமாத்திரம்‌ நீங்கலா தலைச்சுமையாக விருக்கிற தென்பதஇல்‌. சந்தேசமி லையே ? இப்படி சரர்வத்‌ திரிகமாக வந்த. இந்தவி னால்‌, தவிஜர்களில்‌ ஒவ்வொரு வருக்கும்‌ க ்‌சச்சச்தி பிருச்றெசென்றும்‌, இருக்கவேண்டிய தெ ஐம்‌; அப்படிசக்தி யில்லாதவர்‌ தியா னிக்கக்கூ _ாசாகையால்‌, அவர்களுக்கு ஸந்தியா வர்தனம்‌ ய்ய முடியா தென்றும்‌; ஸர்தியாவர்தனம்‌ செய்‌ பரதவர்‌ த்விஜர்களாக மாட்டார்க ளென்றும்‌ ஸ்ப டமா யேற்படுகிற தல்லவா ? ஒருவன்‌ ஸந்தியாவ கனம்‌ செய்ய சக்சனாயாவது அசக்கணாபாவது இ நக்க வேண்டுமே யன்தி டத வழியில்லை. அவ க்குச்‌ சக்கி யிருக்கு மாகில்‌, சகலராலும்‌ ர ஷ்டமான தென்று டத கர்‌ பட்டி ருக்கி , ௧ வேதஸுமாஜ, இயானமார்க்கம்‌ சாச்திய மாகையால, அர்க்சையெ ப்‌ ! ன்பது அவனுக்கு அனாவசியக மென்னும்‌. வரையி ஸ்பஷ்டமாகெசல்லவா 1 இவ்வளவேயன் றி திக ப பிரத்தியவாயமும்‌ உண்டென்பது பின்னால்‌ . நிரூபி அக்‌ காட்டப்படும்‌. அப்படிக்‌ கன்றி அவன்‌. இயான ம்‌ செய்ய உண்மையாய்‌ அசக்கனேயாகில்‌, அவன்‌ ர்ச்சையை மாத்திரமே யன்றி, அதிலும்‌ ஹேயமர ன மார்க்கத்தையும்‌ அனுசரித்தாலும்‌ அவனைநிச்‌ இட்‌ போரில்லை. தலும்‌ அவன்‌ பிராம்மணனென்தத பெயரை வஹித்அக்கொள்ள என்ன௮தஇிகார முண்‌ டென்று மாத்திரம்‌ கேட்க வேண்டிய தாவயகமர இிற௮. தியானம்‌ செய்யச்சக்இயற்தவன்‌ பிராம்மண ஞாகக்கூடமாகில்‌, முடவனும்‌ தபால்‌ சுமக்க அர்களு வான்‌, ஊமையும்‌ உபரநியஸிக்க அஇகாரியாவான்‌. பீ ராம்மணனாயிருக்க ௮திகார மூள்ளவனும்‌ அர்ச்சை யைனுஷ்டிப்பஇனால்‌ நஷ்டமொன்று மில்லையே, ௯யிகஹ) ௯/௬ வல௦ (மிகுதிக்ஞு மிகுந்தபயன்‌ என்றபடி யிருவித தப்பயன்களையும்‌ அடையலாமே என்ன சிலர்‌ வாஇக்கலாம்‌. இக்தஅர்ச்சையை உபா€ ப்பதினால்‌ மூடர்களுக்காவனு ஒருபய னுண்டென்௮ ஏற்படும்‌ பக்ஷதீகதில்‌ அப்பயனை விவே௫களும்‌ இஷ்ட மிருந்கால்‌ ௮டையட்டுமென்று சொல்லக்கூடும்‌, இ இனால்‌ விளையும்‌ பயனின்னசென்று யாராவது செ! ல்லச்‌ அணிவார்களாகில்‌ அப்போது அதைக்குறித்து யோசிப்பது ஆவ௫ியகமாகும்‌, ௮ இனால்‌ பயனில்ல! ப விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௪ விடிலும்‌, கெகதெலொன்று மில்லாசபகூூச்தில்‌ அதை யேன்‌ அவலம்‌ பிச்கச்கூடாசெனில்‌, அஇனால்‌ விளை யம்‌ அளவிலாத்‌ அன்பங்களைக்‌ குறிதது பின்னால்‌ கி 'ரூபிதீதுக காட்டப்பட மாகையால்‌, பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ அதை உதானேமாகவே சொண்டபோகிலும்‌, சனக காவ. பிறருக்காவனு ஒருபிரயோ ஜனத்தை ககர தாமல்‌ ஒருவேலை செய்வோன்‌ பைத்தியக்கார ஞயா வத, வேலையற்ற வளாயாவறு இருக்கவேண்டுமென உலகத்தார்‌ மதிக்கிமுர்களல்லவா 1! % ஒருவருக்கும்‌ பயனற்ற இத்தொழிலில்‌ அழிக்கும்‌ காலத்தையும்‌ தி ரவியத்தையும்‌ மார்க்காக்தரங்களில்‌ பிரயோகித்தால்‌ தப்பாமல்‌ இம்மைப்பயனாவு ௦ அமைப்பயனாவறு இடைகச்குமல்லவா? இதுகிற்க யூரோபு, ஏஷியா, அபி ரிகா, அமெரிகா, முதலிய கண்டங்களிலுள்ள ௮8 ௪ சேசங்களில்‌, ஈம தேசமொன்று தவிர மற்றெ ல்லாவற்றிலும்‌ பண்டிதர்‌ பாமரர்சகலரும்‌ அர்ச்சை 'யென்பதையே அறியாமல்‌ கேவலம்‌ தஇயானமார்க்க க்சால்‌ பேறு பெறுகிருார்க ளென்பதையும்‌, நமது சேச மொன்தில்‌ மாத்திரமே கற்றோர்‌ சல்லாரனைவ ரும்‌ ஆர்ச்சையைக்‌ கட்டிக்கொண்டு இரிகிரார்களெ ன்பசையும்‌, இக்த அர்ச்சைக்குக்‌ காரணம்‌ கேவலம்‌ அக்கியானமே யென்றும்‌ மேற்கண்ட சுலோகத்தில்‌ 3 உடயொ%ம 9_ந- நிரு ௪ 5கொஷவி௨/ வ .த.)0_2. கழு .. வேதலமாஜ, உரைத்திருப்பதையும்‌ சற்றுயோசித்தால்‌; நமததே ௪த்அப்‌ பண்டிதரை காட்டி லும்‌, அன்னியதேசத்‌: ப்‌. பாமாரும்‌ அறிவில்‌ தெளிக்தவரென்‌௮ம்‌, மே, லானவ சென்றும்‌, சொல்ல வேண்டியிருக்கு மல்கி வா? இது உண்மைக்குப்‌ பொருக்துமோ? அன்னிய சேசத்துப்‌ பண்டிதர்களுச்குச்‌. எமமானவும்‌ மேலா. னவம்‌ பண்டிதர்ஈமது. தேசதக்திலுமுள ரென்பதில்‌. சந்தேக முண்டோ? அப்படி பருக்க நம்மிலும்‌ தாம்‌. ந்த வருக்காம்‌ சாத்தியமானவும்‌ உக்கமமானவும்‌ 1 இ. யானமார்கச்கச்தைவிட்டு, ஹேயமானஅர்ச்சையை ௮: வலம்பிப்பானேன்‌. அன்னிய சேசச்தாருக்கும்‌ மேச. ஷாதி பசவிகளுண்டோ வென்று ஆக்ஷபிக்கத்தக்‌. க கலபெரியவர்கள்‌ ஈம்மிலிருப்பார்களாகையால்‌ அ. வர்கள்‌ இருப்தியின்‌ பொருட்டு அதைச்சற்று யோசி. க்க வேண்டியது. கடவுளின்‌ ஆக்கியையைச்சவிருத. வர்‌ இத்தேசத்தில்‌ பிறந்தாலும்‌, வேறு நாட்டிலுகித்‌. சாலும்‌, கமத. மதத்தி லிருநதாலும்‌, அன்னியமதத்‌ இற்‌ புகுக்சாலும்‌, வர்ளணுகிரம தர்மங்களை. வ௫ூத்தா. லும்‌ ஒழித்சாலும்‌ ஈற்கதி. யடைவா ரென்பதில்‌. இ. னையளவம்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. அவராக்கியை யாவதென்‌ ன வெனில்‌ மனிதர்‌ மனுஷிய தர்மச்தை அவலம்பிக்‌ க வேண்டு மென்பதேயாம்‌. மனுஷியதர்ம மென்பது சாமானிய தர்மமென்றும்‌ விசேஷதர்மமென்றும்‌ இ ர௬வகைப்படும்‌. இவற்றுள்‌ சாமானிய சர்மம்‌ சசலதே சத்தாருச்கும்‌ பொதுவாயுள்ள நீதியாகும்‌, விசேஷ [ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ்‌ ௧௯ சர்மமென்ப. ௮ 'ச்தந்ததேசத்தாரால்‌ லவகககிமிக்க மாகச்‌ செய்து கொள்ளப்பட்ட சங்கேதமாகும்‌, இந்‌ ்‌ சாரமரன்னிய தர்மங்கள்‌ எல்லோராலும்‌ அதியக்கூ டாத வெகுகடினமானவை யென்ன மலைக்கவேண்‌ டாம்‌. அருள்கடவுளானவர்‌ மணி, தருக்கு அசிதியாவ தியசமான, காற்று, ஒளி, ௮காசம்‌ முதலிய பொரு ள்களை அபரிமிதமாய்ப்‌, படைத்‌, அனைவரும்‌ பிர பாசையின கி அடையும்படி அமைத்த வாறே,” மானி இயல்புக்கு இன்கி பமையாக்கருவியாகய சாமா னியதாம ஞானத்கைச்‌ சகலரும்‌ வெகுஎளிதாய்‌ ௮ 5௮ கொள்ளும்‌ பொருட்டு, அதையெல்லாம்‌ இர :டிச்சுருக்கி £ நன்மைசெய்‌. இமைமற”என்கிற இர டி வாக்கியங்களிலடக்கி ஒவ்வொருவர்‌ ஹிருதயக்‌ லும்‌ பதித்து வைச்‌இருக்இறூர்‌, களவும்‌ கொலையும்‌ தற்றமென்றும்‌, சத்தியமும்‌ கருணையும்ஈன்மையென்‌. றும்‌, அகியாசபிராணி யிவ்வலகிலுண்டோ 1 இவ்வாக்‌ பம்‌ சிறிசாபிருக்லும்‌, இதிலடங்கய பொருள்‌ வெ தவாயிருக்கறதே; அதை நிறைவேற்ற அனைவருக்கும்‌ மடியுமோ; என்னு சங்கிக்கவேண்டாம்‌. சத்தியம்‌, சியாயம்‌, கருணை, இம்மூன்றையும்‌ தவிமுமல்‌ காத்து டப்போமாகில்‌, நாம்‌ கமச்குரிய சாமானியதாமங சவத செலுச்தினவ ராவோம்‌. வர்ணாசிரமாதுி தர்ம கள்‌ மது நதாட்டிற்குரிய விசேஷ ம்‌. மது தேசச்சிலுள்ள மிலெச்சர்களிலும்கரம்‌ வேலெ ன்‌ குறிக்க குடுமியும்‌, புண்டி ரமும்‌; பிறகுகமக்கான்‌ 3 50 வேதஸமாஜ்‌, க குத்தருக்கும்‌ த்விஜருக்கும்‌ பேதச்தை விளக்க ன்‌ ஹூலும்‌; தவிஜர்களுக்குள்‌. சைவர்களினின்றும்‌ ஸ்‌ ஷணவர்களைப்‌ பிரிக்துக்‌ காட்ட ஜோர்‌ தீனுவபுண்டி [ழு ம்‌, ௪்க சக்கிராங்கிதமும்‌; தவைஇகளினின்றும்‌ லி ட்ப இடத்‌ 4 தனித்துக்‌ காட்ட சவேதமி ரூத்தும்‌, அவர்களுள்‌ தென்கலை. யினின்றும்‌, வடக யைப்‌ பிரித்து விளக்கப்‌ பாதமில்லாமையும்‌; வடக யாருள்‌ மூனிச்‌சயத்தாருக்கும்‌ மடத்தாருக்கும்டே தத்தை விளக்க, புஜக்திலுள்ள குறுகாமமும்‌; இன்‌ னுமிவ்வாறே தொன்று கொட்டு முடிவற்ற அவாந்த ரலியவஸ்கைகள்‌ ஏற்பட்டு வருவதைச்‌ சற்று கவணீ ப்போமாயின்‌, சமையிலிருக்‌.து கப்பலில்‌ ஏற்றப்படூ ம்‌ சரக்குகளின்‌ மேல்‌ விலாசத்துக்காகப்‌ போடப்பு ட்ட முத்கதிரையைக்காட்டிலும்‌ 'இவைவேறல்லவென்‌ அதகாமாய்‌ விளங்கும்‌: இவ்விசமுத்திரைகளில்லாவிடி ்‌ கமக்குள்‌ ஒருவர்மற்றொருவருடைய வியவஸ்தை5 ளை யறிக அகொள்வதரிசெனிலம்‌, சர்வஃ்‌யெராதிய பரப்பிரும்மம்‌ இரத விலாசங்களைப்பாரத்து மோஷ த்‌.ஐக்குச்‌ சாக்‌£.த கொடுக்றெஇல்லையென்‌௮ம்‌,௪ ௫௫ கமென்னும்‌ விலாசமூடையவரை மோக்ஷச்‌அக்கும்‌ அஷ்டிருகமென்னும்‌ முத்திரை யுடையவரை ரக்த இற்கும்‌ போகும்படி நியமிக்கிமுரொன்றும்‌; விசேவ கர்மங்களைப்பற்கிய சாசகபாககங்கள்‌ கேவலம்‌ ல௨ இகமானவையென்றும்‌; சாமானிய தர்மங்களால்‌ வி சாயம்‌ பயன்கள்‌ மாத்துரமே காம்‌ செல்லுமிடமெ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ர்‌ ௨௧௫ உலாம்‌ தொடர்ர்து வருமென்றும்‌; எற்படுதிற ௪. இ ,படிக்சில்லெனில்‌ ஒருவன்‌ விசேஷசர்மங்களை ஈன்‌ ஐய்கீ கவனிக்காமல்‌ பிறந்தது மூதல்‌ இறக்கும்வரை ம்‌ இர்தையி ம்‌. செய்கையிலும்‌ ிமையைத்துறக 70 ௮ ௮ தர ஐ ஈன்மையை அசரித்தபோதிலும்‌, அவனுக்கு ௪இ உ மரக்ஷமில்லயென்றும்‌; மற்ஜொருவன்‌ . கேவலம்‌ ஸா. வ்கேதிக கர்மங்களை மாத்திரம்‌ செய்த ல்‌, ௮ பன்‌ கனவிலும்‌ தர்மச்தை. ஸ்மரிக்காமல்‌, அகத அ காலைகளும்‌, அளவிலாக்‌ கொள்ளைசஜம்‌. அலகிலா அய ௪த்‌இயமும்‌ செய்தாலும்‌ அவனுக்குக்‌ தப்பாமல்‌ 2மாக்ஷம்‌ கிடைக்குமென்றும்‌ சொல்லவேண்டியதா 2 சரிசிமல்லவா? இக ஹாஹியமான விஷயத்தக தம்‌ நம்மசம்பிரகாயக்‌ இரந்தங்களில்‌ பிரமா ஜம்‌ இடைப்பது அருமையன்னு. * மச்செயமா ம்‌ சங்கஞுண்டு, மத்தியபானமும்‌ செய்டி ஸதி “இரையைதரித்து; மை தனமே தொழிலென்கிருத்‌ “ தலாகயஇர்‌த ஐர்துமகாரங்களும்‌ மகாபாதகங்ககா 5“ ப்போக்ரும்‌”என்‌அபிராணதோவிணீயென்னும்‌ ஏ : த.ச்இல்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கறதல்லவா? இர்த சுலோக த்தைக்குறிக்ன பிரமாணதாரதம்மியவிசாரத்தில்மறு டு கப கமா கையால்‌ பிரகிருதத்‌ தில்அகை இ ஆ 6820 வது 8) க,௨- ரா 6... ந02வை, கோ௱வகதகவளெவ 8ஹாோ வபா..5௯ _நரப0_ந5, ”” ௨௨ வேகஸமாஜ, ல்வளவகுதிப்பிட்டதே போதமானதாகவிருக்கெ ற. இதி ஞால்சாமானியதர்மங்களைத்‌ தவி ரசவர்களுக்குவி சேஷதர்மங்களைக்கடப்பதினாலும்பாதகமில்லையென்‌. று.ம்‌5 சாமானியதர்மங்களைத்தவறினவர்களுக்குவிசே. ஷதர்மங்களிருகதம்‌ பயனில்லையென்றும்‌;எற்படுற. படியால்‌, கதியடைவோர்‌ ஈமதுதேசத்தார்‌ மாத்திர. மேயன்றி௮ ன்னியதேசத்தாருச்கு அ சத்திக்காதெ. ன்று கொல்வதைகவிட. பரிகாஸத்துக்கு ஹேழுவாக, வேளொண்றும்‌ இராது: பாராணவக்களிலும்‌ அர்ச்சையைக்‌ குதித்துதி தனித்‌. தப்பிரஸ்தாபிக்குங்கால்‌ ஆதை ஒஅவாறுசி சப்பிக்‌. ச்சொல்லியபோதிலும்‌, இதர உடாசனாமார்க்கங்களு டன்‌ அமைஒப்பிடும்போ து, அர்ச்சையைச்காட்டிலும்‌! இழிவானமார்க்சம்‌உல௫ல்‌ இல்லையென்‌ அகிர்‌.இக்சப்ப. ட்டிருப்பதாய்‌ அனைவர்க்குந்தெரியும்‌. ஆ௫லும்‌ இ. வ்வண்மையை அறியாதவர்‌ யாராவதிருக்தால்‌ அ வர்கள்‌ திருப்திக்காக இவ்விடத்தில்‌ சில திருஷ்டா. ந்தங்களை யெடுத்துரைக்கிறோம்‌. ஸ்காக்த புராண த்தில்‌ ஞானயோக சண்டத்தில்‌ சாடி சக்கிராததி யாயத்தில்‌ & மூடாச்மாக்கள்‌ திர்த்தக்திலும்‌, தா்‌ எனத்திலும்‌, தப௫ிலும்‌, யக்கியத்திலும்‌, கட்டையி. னன 2 _சீயெ.1டடெ கவொயஜெ காஷெ. வாஷாணகெவஉா; மமிவ௦வபு கி 2ஒமா_தா மிவொடெஹெ ௨ உ....சிஷி_2௦, ஹவ்‌, ஈவஹி விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௩ “லும்‌, கல்லிலும்‌, சிவனிருப்பசாய்‌ ர ர ஐ “ஸ்‌. சிவனொ கமக்குள்னே மிருக்இுமுர்‌. ஓ மானி யே! ஞானக்சண்ணில்ல ரமையாலும்‌, மாயையின்‌ பலத்தாலு (மல்லவா) எங்கும்‌ வ௫க்குவ்‌ சரக்க டர்த்தியாயெ. சல்கரணைக்‌ காண்டுறதில்லை. சனக்‌ :குள்ளேயிருக்கும்‌ சிவனைவிட்டுவிட்டு, இவன்‌ வெ ளியிலிருப்பகாப்ப்பூஜிப்பவன்‌ உள்ளங்கையிலுள்ள -சோற்றையெறிர்‌ அவிட்டு, புறங்கையை நக்குவான்‌ “போல. யோகிகள்‌ சிவனை தமக்குள்ளே காண்பா ஈர்களேயன்கி, பிரதிமைகளிற்‌ காணார்‌. ௮ச்சியானி ்‌ ன்‌ 3 19 1 ௮ றி ்‌ 6 கஞநக்கு பாவஞார்த்சம்‌ பிரதிமைகள்‌ செய்யப்பட்‌ டி. ரக்கிறதுகள்‌. பிரும்மம்பூர்வமும்‌ பரமுமற்ற ௬, டம்‌ ட்‌ ்‌ 6 தனசகுள்ளேயுள்ளஆஆ ஸத்தியமான அ, இணைய 6 த்த௮, ஞநோனசவரூபி; . அளவற்ற ஆஈஈதஸ்வரூபி “ யென்று காண்பவனே கண்ணுடைய வன்‌ சரவபு ட 2 ௦ ௦ 5௨/09) .தி௮0௦௯/0௨, ஜா. வகஷட யி.) ஹீ நகரக ௯ஹொசாயாக/ 980] ஞூ சவஃஷஃமுமிவ ௮) சா ௭..ஹிஹ௦ய&0_தபமிவ, ௮ ப) ட (டூ 3 2 ட்‌ லா ஹஹ உண 8-ட_௧ ர த) 0. ஹ௪ ௬௫௨20 1ா_த_ந9, பபிவரே_க_கிவ௭௩) வி ௨...கிரோ வட்ட ட :8 4 ரி யொ.மி_ந௦, "௯ ஜா_நா௦மாவ_நாட_.ராயஉட கிரா தூ து \| வறக லி_கா6, ந “ர , றி ௮ ௦ ௮-௫) வ-௦_நா பெ! பலது ஹா_தர_த 2 அய, லா... ந மா_த வத) டடம அட அட. ௨௪ வேகலமாஜ, 824 ட களுக்கும்‌ அக்மாவாகவும்‌, பரிசுத்சஞானத்‌ 6 தை சரீரமாசகவும்‌, சுவர்த ஆத்மாவிலே விளங்கு க்க அ ஆதி த்‌ றது. அதை வெளியில்‌ காண்கிதேனென்பவன 99 காண்கிற இல்லை என்ற சொல்லியிருக்கிற து. பாசவதத்தில்‌ மூன்றாம்ஸ்கர்தத்‌ இ ல்‌இருபத்தெ தான்‌ பதாவதுஅத்‌சயாத்தில 2 நான்‌ எப்போதம்சகலபூ 4 தற்களிலும்‌ ௮ ஆத்மசவருபமாக விருக்கிறேன்‌. அப்ப ப்பட்ட 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யெ.ா௯லாய_௪; உடவாகிஷ. .பமா.மியா; வரண அரயபாஜாய.ச; _காஷ) ஞரூஹீடிஷாிக்ஷ ; வெ-மாவிள ஹெ ஷஹூ$வ_த5.$_க ; வ உா௦ம-௫94- ராணெொ_க ௪, \| ௯க௯ல யர யவ ன மாலொகாழ்‌ ௦ கல யர விண்ணப்பம்‌, கக மனதினின்றும்‌ சச்சானுண்டானான்‌; கண்களினின்‌ “அம்‌ சூரியனுண்டானான்‌; முகத்தினினறும்‌ இஈ௫ - ரலும்‌ அக்கினியும்‌ ; பிராணத்தினின்‌றும்‌ வாயுஉண்‌ “ டபாயிற்று ; காபியின்்‌அம்‌அந்தரிக்ஷமுூண்டாயிற்று 5 ்‌ தலையில்‌ சுவர்கமிருர்க௮;) பாதங்களின்றும்‌ பூமி யும்‌ ; காஇனின்றும்‌ இக்குகளும்‌. இப்படி உலகன்‌ களைக்‌ கல்பித்தார்கள்‌? என்று சொல்லி யிருக்‌ பதடி இக்‌ த்த சுரு தியினால்‌ டப்ப 2 சரீ. ரமுண்‌ )ிடன்௮ம்‌ ;அ்தசரீரத்தின்‌ அவயவங்களினின்அம்‌,பி ஈம்மனணாதிச அர்‌ வர்ணங்களும்‌, இந்திராதிதெவதைக ஈமுண்டானார்களென்றம்‌;எல்லோரும்சம்பவேண்டு மென்ப, மேற்கூரியபண்டிதர்களின்கருத்தாய்விள குற, தல்லவா? இதின்பொருள்மேற்சொல்லியபொ ரிப்புரையாலே 2 விளங்குமாகிலும்‌, நம்மு உடய பண்டிதர்கள்‌. அதற்கு லோகவிலக்ஷணமான ாஷியம்‌ செய்யக்‌ அணிர்தபடியால்‌ அதைச்‌ சற்று வரமாய்‌ விசாரிக்க வேண்டியது அவூயகமாய்க்‌ கான்றுஇறது. ஒருவாக்கியத துக்குப்‌ பொருள்‌ செய்யவேண்டம பா ஈழுத, அ்தவாககியம்‌ வரும்‌ இரக்தத்தின்‌ கோ £கக்தையும்‌ ௮அகிலுள்ள மொழிகளின்‌ லிங்கத்தை 1ம்‌, அதுவரும்‌ சதர்ப்பத்சையும்‌ யோசித்த இதர வ ரவமானப்‌ பிரமாணங்களுக்கு விசோதமாயின்‌ மி 5 ச்‌ ௩௨. ..... 'வேசஸமாகு; ப்பொருள்செய்யவேண்டுமென்று நியாயப்பிரமான க ன்‌ \| இக்தவிதிக்கு ஹேஅவில்லாமற்‌ போசலில்லை 66 ரர “மன்‌ இரு ல்ல இருஷ்ணான்‌ - சொல்லக்கே வட்ட தரர்‌ சேஷன்‌ நம்முடன்‌ சொல்லும்‌ பக்தி இல்‌, நமக்கு சேஷன்‌ பேச்சில்‌ ஈம்பிக்கை யிருந்த போதிலும்‌, அவன்சொல்்‌ ல்லிய து சுருதசாகதியமோ ர கையால்‌, இருஷ்ணன்‌ பொய்யனோ மெய்யனோ லெ ்‌ ன்று விளங்கும்வரையில்‌ அந்த வாக்கியத்தில்‌ ஈமகி கு ஈம்பிக்கசை யுண்டாகாறு. அப்படி ச்சன் றி, பின்‌ வா சசிய தத்‌ யெல்லாம்‌ மறைத்துவிட்டு ராமன்‌ £ இருடினான்‌. என்றுமாத்திரம்‌ சேஷன்‌ சொல்‌இ ம்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ சேஷன்‌ பேச்சில்‌ ஈமக்கு நம்பிச்சைமீ ருக்ெறுமையால்‌ ரரமன்‌ இருடி.ளானென்றே த்தர ஈகம்‌ செய்வோமல்லவா 1 ஒருவாக்கயத்துக்கு ௮ ட்‌ ன்‌ பூர்வோத்தர சுச்தர்ப்பங்களை யொட்டிப்‌ பொரு ்‌ செய்யாத பக்ஷத்தில்‌ விளையத்தக்கப்‌ பிரமாத ங்க யோூத்தே லவக கெவியவஹாரங்களில்‌ ட ன்‌ ஒருதஸ்தவேஜிலுள்ள ஒருவாக்கியக்தை ஆதார மாகச்‌ கொண்டு டன்‌ சியாயாதபதீ அந்த வாக்கியமுள்ள தஸ்தவேஜம முழுமையும்‌ மாத இரமேயன்தி அதத்குச்‌. ப பல்ட்‌ லட்‌ இதச ட 2 கஷ்றாது கணாலில மா உள! தா 8 விண்ணப்பம்‌ க. 2வஜுச்ளையம்‌ பார்வையிட்டு அர்த வாக்கியத்துக்கு ப்பொருள்செய்யவேண்டுமென்னு சகலகதகேசங்சளிலு ன்‌ வழங்கவருகறகர்மசாஸ்திரங்களில்‌ விதியேற்பட்‌ ருக்கி. இந்தலவூகெவிதிபிரகிருகக்திற்கு உதவா 2சனப்பொருந்தாது, எவ்விஷயக்திலும்யுக்‌திஒன்றே ரசையால்‌, அந்த யுக்தியை ஆதாரமாக வடைய வி. களும்‌ அவற்றிற்குப்‌ பிரவிருதக்தியுள்ள விடங்களி )லல்லாம்‌ பிரமாணமே யென்பதற்கு சாதாரணதர்‌ ?கயுகதஇகளைக்‌ கொண்டே வேசசாஸ்திராதி கருநக்றா £ஈஷியங்களும்‌. வியாக்கியானங்சகஞம்‌ ஏற்பட்டிரு பபதே போதுமான்‌ நிதர்சனமாக விருக்கற ௮, இ ப்படி யிருச்கையில்‌ இக்தவிதி நம்மூடைய பண்டிதா ளுக்குத்‌ தெரியாதென்று சொல்லக்கூடுமோ ? ௮ல்‌ து தெரித்திருக்‌ அம்‌ அவர்களெடுக்த க௯திக்குவேறு ததாரமாகப்‌ லு பூர்வோத்தர, சந்த 'பபங்களஞடன்‌ சுருஇப்‌ பிரமாணங்கள்‌ சாதாரண ஐ வங்களுக்னாக்‌ இடைக்கமாட்டாசென்௫ிற சம்பிகளை £லும்‌ ; அரைகால்‌ வாக்கியங்களைப்‌ பிரமாணங்க சதல க கரி ஏமாற்றி விடலாமென்‌ ப ண்சற்ப க வம்‌ இவ்வாறு மனப்‌ பூர்வ மாய ்‌அப்தரர்களென்று கொள்ளக்‌ கூடுமோ? உலகத்தி ல்‌ ன ரர பம்‌ சதி '்யமொன்றேசல்வழியளிச்குமென்‌ அம்‌, சற்றுயோளி பவ ர்களக்குஎளிதாய்விளங்கும்‌. இவ்விஷயங்களை 4 கஜித்த இதின்முகவுரையில்லிசேஷமாய்ப்‌ பிரஸ்‌ ண வேக்ஸமாஜ்‌ பித்‌இருக்கிற படியால்‌, பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ விவாதலா5 பத்‌ இன்‌ பொரு யோசிப்பதே போதுமானதாக ருக்கிற ௮, க்கும்‌; ஈடர்ததை நடந்சவாறு சரித்திரமாப்‌ உல க்கும்பாகங்களுக்கு பூதார்சத வரதமென்றும்‌; கேவ லம்‌ தத்துவலிஷயமாகவும்‌, ம ம௫மாவிஷயமாகவு ்‌ சொல்வ மனதிற்‌ பொருந்தும்‌ பொருட்டு, லக்ஷிய மாசவும்‌, உபமானமாகவும்‌,௮ அபூதகல்பனையாய்ச்செ ல்லப்‌ பட்ட பாகங்களுக்கு குளுர்த்தவா தமென்றும்‌ பெயர்‌. இதைக்குதிதஅ. மீமாம்சா வாக்கியத்‌ை தக கவனிச்ச வேண்டிய. வேகத்தில்‌ கதையாகச்‌ செ! ல்லப்பட்ட பாகங்களெல்லாம்‌ இவவிரண்டி. லொனி மூயிருக்க வெண்டுபேயன்தி வேறு வழி; யில்லை. இ புருஷருக்கம்‌ குணார்த்தவாத மென்பதே எல்கள்கெ! ள்கை,. அப்படிக்கள்றிஅசைபூதார்த்தவாதமாகல்‌ச28 ச்கும்பகூத்தில்‌, அ.தில்‌ க.ரசரணாக்கு யவயவங்களு௭ சாதாய்‌ வர்ணிக்கப்பட்டி ருக்கி விஷயம்‌ கேவலம்‌ ட்‌ ்‌ ரும்மபரமா அல்லது வேறே பிராணிபரமா வென்‌ ை யோசிக்க வேண்டும்‌. இதை அமூலாக்கிரம்‌ படிக்து பார்ப்பவர்களுாக்கு பிராம்மணாஇ சதுர்வர்ணங்களும்‌, இச்தாராதி தத தைகளும்‌ யாருடைய அவயவங்களினின்றும்‌ உண டானதாய்‌ சொல்லப்‌ படுகிறதோ அந்த புருஷன்‌ ( இட ௯ ்‌்‌ ம்‌ ப ன வீணணப்பம்‌. 1௮42) )௮ுஷியரூபமாக உத்பிரேச்திக்சப்பட்ட பிரபஞ்சத்‌ த காட்டிலும்‌ வேறல்லவென்று ஸ்பஷ்டமாயே டிம்‌; இத்த சொல்லுக்கு வித்தியாரணியர்‌ செய்‌ ர பாஷியத்தைச்‌ சற்றுகவனிக்க வேண்டும்‌. ச ம்போ௮, எசை யெல்லாம்‌ (பாதம்‌) கடக்ததென்று ல்‌ ஃ “அதிநின்ற௮ம்‌ விராட்டு உண்டாயிற்றென்னு சொல்லப்‌ பட்டதோ அதுவே பிரபஞ்சம்‌. அதனி ன்தும்‌ - இஇபுருஷனிடத்தினின்‌றும்‌, விராட்‌ ப டுண்டாமிற்று - பிரும்மாண்ட மாகிய (பிரபஞ்‌ : எமாகிய) தேகமுண்டாயிற்று.? ண வித்தி 1ரரணியர்‌ பொருள்‌ செய்கிருக்கிருர்‌. . மஹீசரபா யழமும்‌ 1 இதற்கு இசைந்தேயிருக்கற௮. சகலத்‌ தையும்‌ கடர்தசென்று ௭௮ சொல்லப்பட்டதோ, ம்‌ 1 2% அஹாஅராகாய0.௪.தி, விஷூ2வ) ] “௧௦ _௧.வ௨_வளனு ௪ குஹா 2 ளூகி௨- ப டஷாகு,விராலவாய_த ப்‌ 3 க உ, ஹாணெி.ஹ உ_த௦_9௦. கத்து ஞா விஷ்‌ ஹச. கி யஉ-௦௯௦ .தெ.வ டர வு) 0௪. _கீ_த௦ - அவா ௪ ஞூடிவ- ட்‌ ஜு பஷ. விறராகஃ 21) ஹாண 0.௮5, அலா பகத - ஜா.55, விவிய௦ (மாஃதெவஷு) 2-௧. விளாட, ரண வேத்ஸ்ம ரஜ “அதுவே பிரபஞ்சமாகிற௮,. ௮இனின்றும்‌ - அஜ ஃபுருஷனிட்த்தினின்‌௮ம்‌, விராட்டு - பிரும்மானி “டசேகம்‌, ஜனித்த - உண்டாயிற்று, எஇினிடத்நீ “ல்‌ பொருள்கள்‌. பலவிசமாய்‌ விளல்குசன்றது வோ, அதுவே விராட்டு” என்று மஹிதரர்‌ ஷியம்‌ செய்திருக்கிறார்‌, இதில்‌ பிர இிபாதி்சப்ர கல்ல யக்கியமும்‌ மானஸ்‌ யகஇயமே பெ கசி 6 ல்லோராலும்‌ ஒத்துக்‌ கொள்ளப்‌ பட்டி ரக ௮ மானஸ யக்கிய மென்றால்‌ உண்மையர்ய்‌ சபி ௪. யக்கியமல்ல வென்றும்‌ ; கேவலம்‌ மன இனுழ்‌ ற்பிச்சப்‌ பட்டதென்ற௮ம்‌ பொருள்‌. இன தான்‌ & ண்மையான கொள்கை யென்பதத்கு, இத்த ரூ] வாக்கியத்திலேயே போதுமான நிதர்சனங்களி௫ த்கின்றன. இரந்த யச்யெத்அக்கு க விராட்டு புருஷ அஹுியாயுதவம்‌. சோஞுயும்‌, வச தருதுவே செக யாயும்‌, கரீஷ்மரு தவே சமித்தாயும்‌, இன்னு மில்ல கமாகவும்‌ வர்ணிக்கப்‌ பட்டிருக்றென. இதை வி ஸ்கவமாசக்‌. கொள்ளும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ கேவலம்‌ ௧ ்‌ ரூபமாதிய ருதுச்சளை இவை சருஷ்டியான சற்கு 6 0 ன்‌ எப்படி. தியிலெடுத்த விடகச்கூடிமோ அதைச்‌ சஜ அ. யோசிக்கவேண்டி௰, இதெல்லாம்‌ கால்ககே கேவலம்‌ அனுமானக்தால்‌ செய்தபொருளென்று ஊக்கவேண்டாம்‌.விச்தியாரணியரும்‌இப்படி.யேபெ ரள்செய்திருக்கிறார்‌. மேற்படி அறாவத ருக்குமுது விண்ணப்பம்‌; உள்‌ ட்டாவஅ ரூக்கு வரையில்‌. அவர்‌ செய்திருக்கிற பா யத்தைப்‌ பார்க்கவேண்டிய, % எப்யோது தேவர்கள்புருஷணாயெ ஹலிஸ்ஸால்‌ யகூயம்‌ செய்தார்௪ ளோ, அப்யோது அக்தயக்கியத்‌ அ க்கு வலக்தர ௪ கெய்யாயிற்து; இ ட ர்‌ஷ்மருஅஸமித்த ரய்தி௮மா0உை அஃ ஹவிஹடப (சோறு)ஆயிற்௮ு. ரத்திருது சோறென்று மூன்சொன்னமுாறைப்‌ ட்ஸ்‌ த்‌ செவசரீரல்‌ (கள்‌ உண்டான போது அந்த தே ௨தகள்‌ உத்தர ருஷ்டி சித்திக்கும்‌ பொருட்டு௮ ச்‌ ப தர்‌? பக்இயம்‌ பெய்தாள்‌ - ஒரு ்‌ 3%0_த-:10__ ஷண ஹலிஷா ்‌ டெவாய ௫8.௧வ.அ ல்‌ பட ககட்ட இவய ம மிஷல்‌. உயஸ்ரா வி, ட தி] ௨-௫ுவெ.-ரக ௯ செல ு்‌றெஷ- ௨௪௦0_5ஷ-ப, ட ௫௨.வா௦ பள அதப்‌ பத்‌ _த_தரய நத ஆய. வத - கண்டி) 5 ஐ பே.அிஷ.ஙு. பாஹூுஉவு) \|" ஷா) ௩ ௧௨௧௦௯௩ _நஹவிரஞஷறார.௪ ௨ 9மவாகி உட்ய/ ப ஷ்ஹா-ஒவ 02வ8_நஹார யக்கியம்‌ அனுஷ்டி க்சார்கள்‌. வெளிப்‌ பொருள ள்‌.இஊவரை சிருஷ்டியாகாமை யாலும்‌ ஹ விஸ்ளி ன்றி ய்ச்கியம்‌. முடியாகசாகையாலும்‌. புருஷசவ௫ பத்தை மனதால்‌ ஹவிஸ்ஸாக பாவிதீது அர்த ப்ர ஊனென்னும்‌ ஹ்விஸ்ஸாலே. எப்போது மானஸயச்‌ இயஞ்செய்தார்களோ அப்போ௮அதத்கு ௪ : இங்குயத்‌ இயெத்துக்கு வஸலக்சருதுவே கெய்யாயிற்து - ௮ை யே கெய்யாக மனதினால்பாவித்தார்கள்‌. துவ்வா இரீஷ்மருதுவே ஸமித்தாக பாவிக்கப்பட்டது. சாத அருன்வே டல்‌ ட 5 என்று த ்‌்‌ % ௫ ஆத ஜிய ரூபபாவளனை, டத கெய்முதலிய. 4 சேஷ ன ன: [1222 ப்பட்‌ பர பவ வத அகடாமி கட 27) ப்‌ யக- ய உர 87 ஹப ஐ - கட வறு ௧௪. உரிவி ர்‌ வ, 9 ஹஞ்ட்டட_ கப ரெவளூக) 85-ஒ௯ த ய்‌ ஜவ ஈவுகலி.சவஷ$8: வஊவமீ - ஷ. ஐய வெ ஹ௯லி வனா 8) ஸுக. உடடரொவி ஸாமாகிஹ ட ரீ ஷ௦௯ 6)_தர. ௨-வ வரா அகவை வ்‌ ஹவி$ பயப்‌ வக 5 -ஹுக வட்‌ 5. ாணுசூலாட்‌ வி்‌ \| விண்ணப்பம்‌. அ ௭. அதற்கு. இருபத்சோர்‌ ௪ மிக்அுச்களால்‌ செய்யப்ப ஒட்டன்‌ _-எழுபிரிககிள்‌. யக்கிய ஞ்‌ செய்பவாரரகிய கேவ தைகள்‌ அப்போதுபருஷ ஞ.ூய பசுவைக்‌ கமட்ழ.ஞர்கள்‌., ல்லி வன்‌ பரவு) யக்கியத்‌ அக்குக்‌ காய்து ரி மூசலிய எழு சர்சஸ்ஸ௩கள்‌ பரிதி வல்‌: ட ன ; அயிஷ்டிக அஹ வனியங்கள்‌ மூன்று பரிதிகள்‌5 (த்தர வேதிகைகள்‌ மூன்று ; அத்‌ இயன்‌ ஏழாவது ரிதிஸ்தான தீஇல்‌ பாவிகீகப்‌ பட்ட ரூபம்‌... இது: உல்கான்‌ ராக்ஷஸர்கள்‌ எதிர்க. ஹிம்சிச்குறார்க ஹவாஹு) ரஹ்‌! ய:ப6 ட்‌] ப்‌ 2 [2] யக ௪ சி. ஷஷவபிட கரச, ்‌ ஜூ :்‌ ட தெட்டத்‌ கய ு௨டட(2-ட ஷி.௦ல100-ப 0, ஹ்‌: - ஹ ௦௯ விகயஜ டட மாய த 1 ன ்‌ ந பவப்‌ ப்‌ ஹல ஹ ஊஅ௦௯௱௦ஷ௫ ப்பதாக சூஷு : /வா மகத (பூ வறிய, ரக 'வெரிகாஷ ய, ஞூலிக)5 ஷவ௨89 உறியில்‌ தி நிய-ஒவ, ௯ சவவ ரூடாய0.க 6_£ 4 ந உட (ர ஹரச வறிகிமா.கரா 0௧) ப 2 20 வேதளமாஜ, ம்‌ ்‌ ப கெ த்‌ ு மூன்னிற்கிறஇல்‌ அல்‌ ௬௫ இடு ல்லிய து. இவைதான்‌ ஆதித்தியன்‌ சஹிசமா ன்‌ முவ்வேழு - இருபத்‌ தொன்றாக கப்பட்டன: (எ எவையெனில்‌ ல்‌) பன்னிரண்டு மாதல்க 0. ஓ ன்‌, ஐந்‌. ருதுக்கள்‌, இம்மூன்று உலகங்கள்‌; இரத இத்தியன்‌, ஆக இருபத்தோருபதார்தங்கள்‌ தாரு ரூமய ௪மித்த சாசபாவிக்சப்பட்ட கள்‌. எவன்புர௬ுஷனோ விராட்டோ, அந்தபுருஷனை தேவர்கள்‌ -- -- பிரஜாபஇ யின்‌ வ ட யக்கியம்‌ செய்ப வராக- மானசயக்கியஞ்‌ செய்பவராக, பளை வைகி கட்டிஞர்கள்‌ 2 க பசுவாகபாலிதீ அக்‌ கொண்டார்கள்‌, இக்க ' கருத்தினால்தான்‌ முன்‌ னே புருஷனாகிய ஹலிஸ்ஸாலென்று சொல்லப்ப ர ] ே ஹொ உ-ப(ஈஹாக_ க்ஷம்‌ பவி ௯௨.ஹ ரண அணத 2. ஒ்ஷ்து ச லு வறிய பயொ_குஹவஉு ௨௦௦00௨ ரவா? 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ன்பதற்காம இரு$்தேனெ ்‌ ன்றே டெரு "செய்யவேண்டி யகல்லவா? இப்போது. சாம்யோடி ஈ வேண்டிய : வென்றால்‌, . ஈமேஜ்‌ கறிய மானஸயக்கி யத்தில்‌, பிரபஞ்சத்தைப்‌ ப சுவாகப்பாவித்‌ தக்கட்டியதாக மன இனால்‌ கிண்‌ 'தார்களென்றீரே, அர்த புருஷனை எத்தனைலிசமா வர்ணிச்‌ தார்கள்‌! அவலுக்கு. சரச ரணுூத்திய வய ங்களாக எதை உதமபிரேச்தித்துச்‌ சொன்னார்௪ ள்‌? என்று சாகாரணமாய்‌ வேதத்தில்‌ வருகிற ஆ “த்‌ சம்வாதல்களி லொனமுகஇிய இதில்‌ (ஷியனால்‌ கேட்கப்‌ பட்டு, அசாரியன்‌ பிரபஞ்சத்‌ (த இரண்டுவிகமாக ' ௨உத்பிரேச்ஷித்தார்க ளென்‌ 1 விடையுரைக்சார்‌. முதலில்‌ மனுஷியாளை பிரப ச தே வப்வாங்க ளது வாரணித்அ விட்டு, பிற 'தெவதைகளை அ இன்‌ உருப்புகள ர்க உக்பிரேக்தில்‌ ப்புட்டிருச்கிற.த. மூதல்வர்ணனைமில்‌: விராட்டு என்னும்‌ பிரபஞ்‌ ச்‌ அக்குப்‌ “பிராம்மணன்‌ மூசிமானான்‌; ஆஷதிஇரி யன்‌ கதோள்க எாக்கப்பட்டான்‌, வைசியன்‌ ஏன்‌ 2 எ௮வோ அ௮துவே.துடைகள்‌'? என்று சொல்‌ /ம்ருப்பகால்‌, இவர்களைமுகமாகவம்‌, புஜங்களாகவு ி்‌ ட்‌ ட உரு ௪ ச ்‌ £இடைகளாகவும்‌, உச்பிரோக்ஷிச்கிருப்பதாகக்கரு ட்‌. பி ௪ ௮] வேதஸமாஐ, தேயன்றி, அத அவயவங்களினின்றம்‌, அ வர்சரூ ண்ட ஈஞர்களேன்பதன்‌ ற... இக்த உச்பிரேகைகக்கி ஹே.அவில்லாமற்‌ போகவில்லை. புத்திக்கு தக்குறியாகய்‌ முகத்தை கல்வித்திறத்தால்‌ விளையும்‌ மரகத குதியாகக்‌ கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ பிராம்மணனாலும்‌ ; : பஜ த்துக்கு ஸ்தானமாகிய புஜத்தை, ராஜிய சம்ரக்ணா ர்த்தம்‌ உதவும்‌ பலத்தைக்‌ குதியாகவுடைய ஆஸ த்தர பனாதம்‌; சஞ்சாரத்துக்குச்‌ சாதனமான அடைக லா, வர்த்தகத்‌ அக்கு இன்றியமையாக்‌ சருவியாயெக ஞ்சாரமுடைய வைூயனாலும்‌; விளக்கியிருக்‌ கின்ற ஏ... இக்கருத்தின்‌ உண்மையைக்‌ குறித்து கர யப்‌... பிராம்மணம்‌ ஏழாவது பஞ்சிகை நாலா அ. அத்தியாயம்‌ முழுமையும்‌ கவனிக்க. அ இந்த. வர்ணனையில்‌ கடைசி. கரம்‌. 6 ப : தங்களினின்றும்‌ சூத்திரன்‌ உண்டானான்‌? என்‌ ஐ. செல்லி யிருக்றெ படியால்‌, அவ்விடத்தில்‌ 4 உண்‌ டாதல்‌' என்பதற்கு உத்பிரேச்ஷித்த லென்று எப்பழு பொருள்செய்யலாமென்றெதக்ஷபம்தோன்தலாம்‌ நகலும்‌ ட்‌ வாக்கியத்தை மேற்கண்ட விஞக்கஇ ர முதல்‌ மூன்று வாக்கியங்களுடனும்‌ குட்டி பொருள்‌ செய்தால்‌ ௮க்த வினைக்கும்‌ 4 கற்பிக்கப்‌. ட்டது?” என்பது தவிர வேறு பொருளேற்படுவத, கு வழியில்லை. இக்த வினாக்களுக்குவித்தயொரணிய, செய்திருக்க பாஷியத்தைப்‌ பார்ப்போம்‌. ௮.௫6 \| வ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௪௯ ** பிரஜாபதிமின்பிராணருபமான சகேவகைகள்‌ஏப்‌ 6 போ. விராட்டு ரூபமான புருஷனை நிற,த்‌ இஷ ..ரகளோ ௮ மனதினால்‌. கலபிச்தார்களோ, ௮ “ப்போது எத்தினை. விதமாக -- எத்தனைப்‌. பிர ்‌ காரமாகக்‌ சல்பிக்சார்கள்‌ -- விஷயத்தைக்‌ ௪ “ல்பித்தார்கள்‌?!. இது பொதுவான வினா; முகம்‌ : முதலியவற்றை உடைய பிரசினைகள்‌ விசேஷ ட்‌ மானவை.” என்று பாஷிய மேற்பட்டிருக்கிற ௪. இம்மாதீரியாகவேவேதத்‌இல்பிறவினைக்குச் சன்‌ வினை பும்‌, பன்மைக்கு ஒருமையும்‌ வழங்கி வருவ ௮௬ மயல்ல வென்று சுவல்ப அனுபவ மூடையவர்ககுந க்கு விளங்குமாகஇலும்‌, பாஸ்ககிருகதி அவதாரிகையி ல்‌ இக்தவினைக்சே இருப்புப்‌ பொருளும்‌. “உண்டாக்‌ கல்‌" என்கிற பிறலீனைப்‌ பொருளாம்‌ செய்யப்பட்‌ பதப்‌ பெய பவனி வலயம்‌ அவஆ வையை ய வையை வவட ட மபனவ 3 உடகாவ0ச5 உ௱ணா?-ஒவா? 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(தவக்குமலர்ம்‌ 2 க. அட தவக்கினின றம்‌, மயிர்சளும்‌ மயிர்கள்‌ னின்றும்‌, செ சடி.கஞும்‌ ஆண்டுகளு மூ ண்டரயின. ஹிருதயம்‌ மலர்க்கது, ஹிருதயத்‌ இனின்றும்‌ . மனதும்‌, மனதஇினின்றும்‌ சக்திரணு ம்‌ உண்டாயின. காபி மலர்ச்கது,. தாபியினின்‌ பம்‌ அபானமஞும்‌, அபானத்கி னின்றும்‌ மிருத்தியு வம்‌ உண்டாயின.” என்று. சொல்லி பிறாக்கிற து, ல்‌ை சூரிய சந்திரா சகேவதைகள்‌ யாருடை தேஹாவயவங்களினின்்‌றம்‌ 5 உண்டான தாய்ச்சொ லப்பட்டிருக்கிறதோ ௮௩௧ புருஷன்‌ பிரும்மமல்ல வன்றும்‌ பிராம்‌மத்தால்‌ 8ீரிலிருக்தெடுக்‌அண்டாக்க 08 ்‌ னர 2 ்‌, ட ஆதிபுருவனேயென்றும்‌ ஏற்படுகிற கல்லவா? இனால்‌ இவ்விஷயச்கைக்‌ குறித்து. புருஷஸ்‌-டுக்கத்‌ ல சொல்‌ ல்லியிருக்கும்‌ பாகத க்கும்‌ இவ்விதமாக பொருள்‌ செய்யாதபக்ூத்இல்‌, இவ்விரண்டு சுர களில்‌ ஓஒ ஒன்‌ பொய்யாக விருச்சவேண்டு மென்று £ல்லும்படி. நேரிமொகையாலும்‌, வேதச்தில்‌ ஒரு முத்தையாவத பூர்வபக்ஷம்‌ செய்தவர்கள்‌ வைஇக்‌ தீதில்‌ ஒருவருமில்லை யாசையாலும்‌ ; இக்த இர வாலொசா_நி, கொ) ஒஷயிவ_ஹ_அ . அரஒய௦றிர மிட அ) ரா உ 9_ந பதன பல்‌ ௬ பா.நாகி 5 27 -2)-22 தா£. ரஹி. திரி மிடி) ச ச இடது இ௬ வேதலமாஜ்‌, _ண்செரும்‌ ஐககண்டியம்‌ செய்து பொருள்‌ செய்யும போறு, மேற்கண்டசிருஷ்‌ டியெல்லாம்முதல்‌ பரு \| னுடைய ௨ இப்புகளினின்றும்‌ ௨ ண்டாயிற்றேயன்திஜ பிரும்மத்தின்‌ அவயவங்களி னின்‌ ன்றும்‌ அல்லவென்று ல்பஷ்டமாய்‌ ஏற்படுகிறதல்லவா ! இக்த ஆதிபுரு ௦ னைச்‌ சது ர்மூகப்பிரமவென்‌ அலரும்‌, சேவலம்‌ பிர பஞ்சமென்று சிலரும்‌ கொள்வார்கள்‌. இ தெப்பரி இருக போதிலும்‌, பரப்பிருமத்‌ துக்கு. உருவம்‌ டென்றாவது, அந்த ௨ ரூவத்தினின்‌ தும்‌, உலசாதஇக உண்டாயிற்றென்றாவது இக்த பரு குக்தத் தினா ஏற்படவில்லை. / இப்படியிருச்சையில்‌இஇில்சொல்லீ லிய புருஷலா ்‌ ம பரப்பிரும்மவிஷயமேயன்தி வே.றல்லவென்‌ ௮. பரப்பிரும்மத்துக்கு பருஷசவரூபமேயென்௮ம்‌)௭! வ்‌ அ) யெ.ர்ககும்பண்டி தர்கள்சொல்லத்‌.தணிலார்கள்‌ இல்‌, இதேமாதிரியாகதலல்காரிகமரய்‌ எருத்தியர்‌ ங்களிஃ்பிரும்மத்‌அக்குதுரோபிச்சப்பட்டிருக்கற ங்களைக்குகித்துச்‌ சற்றுவிசாரிப்போம்‌. முதலில்‌? ததரிய உபநிஷத்து, பிரும்மாகந்த வல லலியில்‌ பரப்‌ ருமத்தைப்பக்ஷியாக வர்ணிப்பதல்‌ ஒவ்வொரு ௮ வத்தையும்‌ பலவிதங்கள ளாக ன அக்கட \| முதலில்‌ * 4 அவருக்குப்‌ பிராணவாயுவேசிரசு ்‌ ௨ யானவாயு வலப்புறம்‌ சிறகு 5 ட்ட. ஆ 32 விவ, ரண வவ்ரிற$, டத்‌, ஆ கிண? வக்ஷஷ ௯௩௨ ௧/௦ வக்ஷ்டி ரூகற ஞூகா; உடிழிவீஉடட ௮ உவ வ...தி /ஷா;, ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, இள புறம்‌ இறகு ; அகாசம்‌ ஆத்மா ; பூமிவால்‌ : என்‌ வர்ணித்‌ இருக்கறத. பிறகு % “அவருக்கு ய ப .ஜுர்வெசமே௫ரசு; ருசகுவேதம்வலப்புறம்‌இறகு ; சாமவேதம்‌ இடப்புறம்‌ இற்கு ; உபதேசம்‌ அத்மா5 அதர்வணமும்‌, ௮ங்ரெஸும்வால்‌. ்‌ என்றுவர்ணி (அர55௨௮. ன டட [: அவருக்கு சிரத்தை யே பிரச 5 நியாயம்‌ வலப்புறம்‌. இறகு. சத்திய ஞ்‌ ம்‌ இடப்புறம்‌ இறகு ; யோகம்‌ அத்மா . மஹாவா ல: என்றுவர்ணித் இருக்ற. ட 1. “து வருக்கம்‌. பிரியமே சிரசு சந்தோஷம்‌ வலப்பு றம்‌ இறகு ; உக்ஸாஹம்‌ இடப்புறம்‌ இறகு 5 ஆத தம்‌ ஆதிமா ; வால 2 என்‌௮வர்ணித்‌ இரு 2௮. 3 கவு ரொவஸிற$, 5.ம-திண௦ ௨) 92: [4] ௦: ழம்‌ டல்‌ ஷாசொ_த(75 வக்ஷட ரூடெயாளு.தா, ச ்‌்‌ அஷ) 2, 00லவமபி09, 855௦ உ.கூிண? ஷர வக ) 9-0_த[05 வக்ஷ% யொ. ஞூ_தா, ௦ ௨, ௮:௨._கிஷா, ௫ அவிஷ$ய வேவு சொடொடஉகூதி ௭ ௨௯௨8, உொஉ ௨.௧[॥3 வக்ஷட சூரந்‌ உதா, ப ஹு ௦௨ அஷ. 110 பதத்தில்‌ ட ௮ ததி ௫௮ ்‌..... வேதலஸமாஜ. ட்‌ சுவேதாசவதர உபகிஷத்து முதல்‌ அத்‌தியாம த்தில்‌ பிரும்மத்தை ஒரு சக்கிரமாசகவும்‌, தத கவும்‌, உத்பிரோக்தித்திருக்கறஅ. முதலில்‌ & 8 ௮ 65 மூன்றுகட்டுகளையும்‌, ப.இனாறு முளைகளையும்‌, ஐ .ஈ பது இலைகளையும்‌, இருபது எதிரிலைகளையும்‌, நாரற்டி 6 த்தெட்‌ டு அணிகளையும்‌, விசுவரூபமாகிய ஒருக॥ ற்றையும்‌, மூன்றுமார்க்கங ங்களையும்‌, இரண்பெதிக உல்கு ஒருச ழலையுடமூடையஒருசக்கரமாும்‌ ? ௪ று வர்ணித்திருக்கெது. இதில்‌ மூன்று கட்டுகெ அப்த? லத்வரஜஸ்தமோ குணங்க ளெொன்‌ அப்‌ பதினாறு முளைகளென்பததிஞு, ஞானேகந்திரிய ்‌ ளை 'காமேந்திரியங்க சோக்‌, மனது. அட. பஞ்சபூதங்க சோக்‌ - தகப்பதிஞும்‌ எ: அம. ஐம்பது இலைகளென்பதற்று;. ஜந்து... ன்‌ யைகளும்‌, இருபத்தெட்டு ௮ சமர்த்ததைகளும்‌ னேழுபுத்தியின்‌ ஞு தணதொஷங்களும்‌,அ நு ப ன்னும்‌ ; இருபது எஇிரிலைகளென்‌ ன்யதற்கு, இக்திரிய கள்பத்தும்‌, அவற்தின்‌ ௨ விஷயங்கள்பத்தும்‌, ஆ௧இ பமென்றும்‌ 4 நாற்பத்செட்டு ஆணிகளென்பததி சரங்கியவாரணங்க. ளெட்டும்‌, தே கபாகவ்கடு உட்க செக கிவர-அ ஷொல்ர ௫09 ர. சாய. வி.க] வ ட்ட ஷ க்ஷ விவி 10 ஈு-ஒவெகவாஸாடி ர்‌ ம்க்‌ ௦” 4.சிரி00.தகசொ22, விண்ணப்பம்‌. ்‌ -(நஇ௯ ம்‌, மனுஷியாதீத ௪க்இக. ளெட்டும்‌, புத்தியின. பஸ்தைக ளெட்டும்‌, அத்மஞுணங்க எெட்டும்‌, ஆ ்‌ காற்பத்தெட்டு. மென்றும்‌ ; கயிறென்பதற்கு ரபாச மென்றும்‌ ; மூன்ற. மார்க்கமென்பதற்குப்‌ (ண்ணியம்‌, பாபம்‌, ஞானமென் தம்‌ ு்‌ இரண்டுபஇவு இழ ன்‌ கதியமும்‌, அபரரிகுத்தயழும்‌; ன்றும்‌; ஒருசுழலென்பதங்கு, மாயையென்றும்‌; கறு பதம்‌ பொருள்செய்திருக்கெ௮. இதற்குப்‌ 'லர்பல விசமாகப்‌ பொருள்‌ உரைத்தாலும்‌, இவ்வி "இல்‌ சக்கர மென்றே வர்ணித்திருப்பதாக அனைவ ்‌ ஒத்‌அக்கொள்வார்கள்‌. . இத வாணனைகள்‌ பிரும்மபரமல்ல வென்று சில்‌ அக்ஷபிக்கலாமாசையால்‌ அதற்குப்‌ பின்வர்க்கிய இல்‌ பிரும்மமாகிய சக்ரம்‌ என்னும்‌ பொருளைக்கு ்‌ 97 த்து 2 ஒடு! ஹத ப பனம ன்ற வாக்ய சதை ஐ. போடத்‌ இருக்ிற ௮. அதே ௮த்தியாயத்இில்‌ % அவாஜர்‌ த ஓடைகளிஸி ன்அம்வரும்ஜலங்களையம்‌ ; பயங்கரமானவும்‌,கோ! 3 உணுவெ ா0.சா௦ உட, வதுயொ டல ம வகராடி வ ணைரணொட1, னி அவ்லிழ்த்ல வணுாவ_ கமா வது வே ளவவெ.மாஷஒ வ ௨.ஷாறாெ ௨௨7, வினு இ படப்பு 30 வேதஸ்மாஜ, 6 ணலானவும்‌ ஐக்‌. அகஇகளையும்‌) பஞ்சப்பிரரணன்கி ௨உ்ளாயை அலைகளையும்‌; பஞ்சபுத்தொதிகளுக்கு மூலி ததையும்‌;) ஐ சழல்கீர்களையும்‌ பஞ்ச அச்சி 62 களின்வேகத்தையும்‌; ஐவகைக்‌ அன்‌ பக்களையும்‌; 8 6 நீது முடக்குகளையும்‌, உடையகதியாம்‌ ப்‌ என்றுக ர்ணித்திருக்கே. இந்தவர்ணளையின்‌ அவயவங்கள்‌ கெ ல்லாம்‌ முன்னுரைத்தவாறே பலர்‌. பலதிதமரி பொருள்‌. செய்தபோதிலும்‌, மொத்தத்தில்‌ ஈதியி ்‌] ட பட்டுக்‌ இட ம பி பிராய. பேதமிசான: ர்‌ பிரஹி. தா.ரணிய உபநிஷத்துத்‌ - அவக திதி ்‌ பத்ம ததை ஒருகுகிலாயாக வர்ணித்த இவ மாய்ச்‌ சொல்லப்பட்டிருக்கறு ஃ. 4 யாகக்குது ்‌. ஈக்கு விடியற்காலமே தலை; சூரியன சண்‌ ்‌ ரரணன்‌; வைசவகரரக்கினி இறந்த வாய்‌; வர்ஷ ல்‌ டு ச வர்க்சம்முதுகு; அந்இரிச்ஷம்வமி ழி 2 உஷாவா. ப்ர) செயவது (ர வ ய-39 வ ௯9-௦0) வா_த௦ பட்டன்‌ ஷாதி மியவெ.றா 55, ஹூவ_ தற ரூ.தா, ௯பரவி வுளவரஷ ஷ ல] மிக வஉட (நி ்‌ ள்‌, ர்‌ 7: [2] ல்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ட : குளம்பு) இக்குகள்பக்கதிகள்‌; அவாரஈ்தரதஇக்குகள்ப சகத்தெலும்புகள்‌ ; ருஅக்கள்‌அவயவங்கள்‌ ; மாச £ களும்‌ பக்ஷங்களும்‌ குளைச்சகள்‌ ; இரவும்பகலு. : மபாதற்கள்‌ ; ககூதிஇரங்கள்‌ எலும்புகள்‌ ; ஆகார்‌ சம்மாம்சம்‌ ;மணல்ஜரிக்காகஅன்னம்‌ ; ஈஇகள்‌ ௩ ரம்புகள்‌ ; பர்வதங்கள்‌ பிச்சச்குழைகள்‌ ; செடிக ஞூம்‌ மரங்களும்‌ மயிர்கள்‌ ; உதயஞரியன்‌ முன்‌ னுடல்‌ ; அஸ்தமன. சூரியன்‌ பின்னுடல்‌ ?? என்‌ ம்‌ இன்னமிப்படியே வர்ணித் இருக்கற. இவற்றையெல்லாம்‌ பூதார்த்தவாகமாகச்கொள்ளு ்‌ பக்ஷத்தல்‌ பிரும்மத்‌ அக்கு ரூபமுண்‌ டென்று ஒரு பரஅஏற்பபெசாய்க்கொண்டாலும்‌ அசற்குரிய௫மா. ட. ஏற்படவில்லை யல்லவா? எங்க 'ளரடு வீணுக்கு வரதாடும்‌ பண்டி கர்கள்‌ இனிபாஷி ங்கள்‌ செய்யும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ அவர்‌ களிஷ்டப்படிப்‌. ட ொவோஜெ-டிகவாஷறகிஸஹேப.1 வ, .கவொ.மா.நி, ோஷாமமாம3ரோஹாவவ.ா ளி கஹொறா அணி ்‌ வ சிஷா; நக்ஷ்தா ஈ)ஷி.கி, நவொசாத்‌ ௩ஹர.கி,ய-ஒவ?)) ச்‌ விக ௦, ஷி௩ வொ.ம-௨உர, யக,௮௨௦ காஉா_ சபற ௨ டாத, \| ஒஷ யப வ..நஹ_கயபா லாசா ்‌, எத்‌ பெல்‌ 11-15, தடு இவ ஜீவ 51.19 9, ௬௨ வேகஸ்மாஜ்‌, பொருள்‌ கூறக்‌ கூடுமாகிலும்‌, இ௫வரையிலுள்ள பாஷியங்களிலொன்றாவது அவர்கள்‌ கொள்கையை ஆதரிக்கு மெனில்‌ அதை அவர்களெடுத்‌ அரைப்பார்‌ -சளொன்பஇல்‌ நாங்கள்‌ சந்தே௫க்கவில்லை. மேலே தகரித்த சுருதிவாக்‌ வயெள்களில்‌ றிது குணார்த்தவ। த மென்றும்‌, இதி பூதார்த்தவாதமென்றம்‌, அவ ர்கள்‌ சொல்லத்‌ அணிவார்சளாகில்‌ எந்த ஹேதுவை ப்பற்தி இந்த வைலக்ஷணியத்தைகீ கற்பிக்கிறார்க ளோ அதைத்‌ தயைசெய்து உரைப்பார்களென ச்ம்‌ இமோம்‌. இநத பாகத்தை முடிப்பதற்கு முன்பாகட ளுர்த்த வாதத்‌ அக்குப்‌ பிரத்திய௯௨ நிதர்சனமாக சாந்தோக்கிய உபகிஷத்திலுள்ள ஒரு உபரச்கிய! னத்தைகீ கூறுகிமோம்‌. ்‌ சாந்தோக்கியஉபநிஷதீத ௫- "வ. அஅத்தியாயம்‌ ௮6 க்கத்தில்தேஹத்தின்‌இக்இரியங்களில்‌ ஒன்றுடனொல அுதானே௫ஏரோஷ்டம்‌ தகானே௫ிரேஷ்டமென்று ல்க ப.ட்டுக்கொண்டுபிரஜாபஇியினிடத்திற்குச்சென்று. ்‌ வ்விவாதத்தைத்தீர்மானிக்கும்படிக கேட்டுக்‌ கொனி டதாகத்தொடஙக இவ்வா துசொல்லப்படகிறல 5 ஆ நீதிரியங்‌ ங்கள்‌ பிதாவாயெப்பிரஜாபதியிடஞ்சென்ற்‌ “ பகவானே ! எங்களில்‌ சசேஷ்டம்‌ எதுவென்று ே பத பயன்ப இத்த எல்‌ வவட பபப த. வெது 25 செவஉராணே கரவகிஷிஅ செவ: . ஹ.மவறு ! கெர_59 ஹெ, 8 ப _சாதுஹொவாவ? யஹிஓவஉ௫க ஜெ ஸரி விண்ணப்பம்‌... கர்‌ ட்க, அவர்‌ உங்களில்‌ எததேசகக்கை விட்டுவெளியி ற்சென்றால்‌ சரீரம்‌ அதிபாபிஷ்டமாகத்‌ தோன்று மோ அதுவே. சிரேஷ்டமான கென்று விடைய ரைத்தார்‌. வாக்குதேகக்தைவிட்டு வெளியிற்‌ செ ன்றதல்லவா * ஒருவருஷத்இிற்குப்பிறகு மீண்டுநீல்‌ களெப்படி ஜீவிச்‌ திருர்‌தீர்களென்னு. மற்‌றஇக்‌இரி யங்களைக்கேட்க, ஊமைகள்பேசாமல்‌ எப்படி சவா சதஇனால்‌ சுவ௫த்‌௮அக்கொண்டும்‌, கண்களால்‌ பார்‌ தறுக்கொண்டும்‌, காதகளால்கேட்டுக்கொண்டும்‌, மனதால்‌ கினைத்துக்கொண்டும்‌ இருக்கிறார்களோ, அப்டியே யென்று அவைவிடையுரைக்க, வாக்கும அபமடியம்‌ தேகத்கிற்‌ பிரவே௫ித்தகல்லவா ? பிறகு கண்கள்‌ தேசகுக்தைவிட்டு வெளியிற்‌ சென்றதல்ல \| வா? ஒருவருஷங்கமித்‌ ௮. ௮௮ மீண்டு நானில்லாம ல்‌ நீங்ளெப்படி ஜீவித்‌ இருந்தீர்க ளென்று கேட்க. \| ௦ பாவிஷ அ(சிவடி 5)0௮, ஹ்வூ ஜெ, ஷூ ஸா ஹவர.ம-ட௮௯.ர2; 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மென்னு உளடஇப்பது புக்திக்காவ சியாயத்துக்கர்‌ ௮ பொருக்தா தல்லவா. அன்றியும்‌ பிரத்தியக்ஷ [ யு ள்ளாப்‌: பிரமாணங்களை விட்டுவிட்டு, அதற்கு விரே தமாயும்‌ பிரமாணங்க எிருக்‌ இருக்கலாமென்று ௦ ல்வஇனால்‌ விளையும்‌ தீமைகளைச்‌ ௪ற்றுமன இத்‌ கொ ள்‌ சாவேண்டும்‌. அல்ற்அள்‌ முக்கியமானது என வெனில்‌, உலகத்திலுள்ள ஒவ்வொரு குடி.யலும்‌, டிகேடனும்‌ தத்தமது இச்செயல்களுக்கு ஆதாரம்‌] ஒவ்வொரு சம்ஸ்கிருத. வாக்கியத்தைக்‌ கற்பித்‌ கட அர அதை இல சுருதியென்று சொல்லச்‌ அ தன ல்‌ ௨ ட்ப ட. 2 4 ருவது க எடத்த நத ரு ண்டர்‌ படிக்கல்லா விட்டால்‌ சணக்கன்‌ சருணையைக்காகி லும்‌ வேதத்தில்‌ அஇகநம்பிக்கை வைக்கககூ௰ டுமே! கடைகியாக இப்போஅஒருவிதமாய்‌ ஆசாரம்‌இருக றபடியால்‌ வேதத்தில்‌ அதக்குப்‌ பிரமாணமிருந்த ச்கவேண்டு மென்பது ஒருவாதமாகுமோ. அம்ம யாஇல்‌ அல்ல லாசாமிமுதலிய ௯ஷ-த்இர தேவதைகி க்குப்‌ பிரார்த்‌ இத்தக சொண்டு விகாரமானவேஷி களைப்பூண்டு, வெட்கங்கெட்ட மிருகப்பிராயம ரப்‌) விண்ணப்பம்‌... - எள த்திரிக் து "கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ ஹிர்அக்களும்‌ சங்க செயல்களுக்கு. இல சரூஇயில்‌ பிரமாணமிருக்‌ ருக்குமென்று வாதித்சாலும்‌ ஆக்ஷபிக்கக்கூடாத லவா! ஆனால்‌ அது ர்லீனமாய்‌ வர்க சாரமா சயால்‌ ன ரப நடந்துவரும்‌ அர்ச்சைக்கு இ .கஇருஷ்டாந்க மாக்கக்‌ கூடாகென இல நுரைக்க ம்‌, இக்தவழக்கம்‌ இரு நானுவருஷகாலமாய்‌ நடக்‌ -லிவர்தால்‌, ௮ர்சசை அஇகெப்கூஷம்‌ இரண்டாயிரம்‌ ரஷக தக்‌ சுமூன்‌ வந்திருக்குமே. யன்கி௮னாதியெ சொல்லப்பொருர்தாதே ?: பிரானேமான புரா ட பேரூரில்லாகவனெல்லாம்செய்த அப்பிர. பாஜகமரன காரியங்களை தயம்‌ வர்ணிதக்‌ இருக்‌ யில்‌, வியாச. பராசரா. இிருவிகள்‌ இன்னின்ன ரயில்களில்‌ சென்று பூஜித்தார்களென்கிற பிரஸ்‌ பமேபில்லாமை யைக்‌ கவனித்தால்‌ அக்காலத்தில்‌ சசையென்பகே இடையாதென்று ஏற்படுகிற தல்‌ ர? இன்றியும்‌ காசிசாண்டத்தில்‌. 4 ௯ 'இக்திரிய £ஞ்சலியத்‌ தின லம்‌, கலியில்‌ பாவம்‌ பெரு ருகியிரு தாலும்‌, மனிகர்‌ அல்பாய்சா யிருப்பகரலும்‌, ண தத்‌ ச்ட்‌ கலியில்‌ யோசம்ூத்‌ ட அ ணு0ல௦ கி, ன, வாதி ரு கிக்‌ 7௦ ணர௭ு கு 2-2 பல்ம்‌ தல்பயா பல்‌ ௩ ஹ யொ.ம80.ஹாஉய ₹ _நஹிய பகி கள ராமொ றிய ம்‌ அிகுலள-2௨6, ௭௨. வேதஸமாஜ்‌ 66 இ 'இக்இற இல்லை. கலியில்‌ தபசு சித்திக்க இ யென்று சொல்லி மிருக்கற. இதிஞல்‌ டடத பிறது 'வெகுனாள்கழிக்ன மனிதருடைய சவபரி மும்‌; ஆசாரமும்‌, சக்தியும்‌, மாறிய்நிறகல்லவா ௮ ௮ ர்களு நடையசக்இக்கனுகுணமான இர ஏற்பாடுசெ॥ இருக்சக்கூடும்‌ ! ஆகையால்‌ அஇகப்க்ஷம்‌இரண்டாம்‌ 0 டம்‌ வருஷத்இற்‌ இப்பால்‌ யோகாப்பியாசத்துக்கு ர ட அர்ச்சையேற்படுத்தப்‌ பட்டிருக்கவேண்டு! ன்றது ல்பஷ்டமாய்‌ஏற்படுறெபடியால்‌, இப்படி ஈலீ மாப்வர்த ஏற்பாட்டிற்கு ௪ ர.இயில்‌ பிரமாணமி( குமென்பறு யுத்தக்‌ க்ஞுப்பொருக்துமோ! ஆனால்‌ அர்‌ சைக்குவிரோதமான ப்பிரமாணம்‌ மாத்திரம்‌எப்படு டைக்கு மென்றாலோட பிரும்மசவருபமிப்படி ப்ப ப தென்றும்‌, அதைதீ தொழவேண்டியமார்ச்க மின்‌ தென்றும்‌ விதித்தவிட்ட, . அதற்கு விரோதமான யெல்லாம்‌ நிஷேகித்து லிட்டிருக்தால்‌ ௮ர்த நி ட. விலக்கப்‌ படவேண்டி௰ லவா? காடகம்‌ மூன்றாம்‌ பிரசினத்தில்‌ & முசி ஃ யடைவதற்கு இத்த ஐந்துவழிகளே யுண்டு. த 6 ்‌ முதல்‌ ; தரத்தை இரண்டாவ 5 சத்தியம்‌ ஞூ 25 .தாவாஹ.கா௦ ௨. ணுவய வ ம ஹு. அரா? சவ வடா க ண்ட ப்பன்‌ ட) ்‌ ன ]்‌ ர, ஈஅி_கீயாஷ ஹத) ஷரியா 8௩. க ட ம 2-0) வாண ௦௨/ 13 ௦, விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௭௩ த: மனதுதான்காவத , கணை மைக்க வ 2 ஏர அரைத்‌ இருக்கிற, ப இது வரைஎங்க&ை யெகிரிகளாகக்‌. சொஷ்ட ப எடி சாகளின்‌ க௯ஷிக்‌ காதாரமான பு. ரரணா இகவண பிரமாணங்களை விசாரித்தோம்‌, இனிஎங்கள்‌ ககஷி காதாரமான சவரவப்‌ பிரமாண வ்கச்௪ற்‌ க்கமும்‌ கேனோபநிஷத்த முதல்‌ கண்டம்‌ மூன்றாம்‌ வாச்‌ பம்‌ மூதல்‌ எட்டாவ.௮ வாக்யம்‌ வரையில்‌ இலள்‌ விசா ரறு சொல்லுகிற. 4 அதைக்‌ கண்ணாவது, வர ககரவத,மனகாவ த, எட்டுகிற தில்லை. அதைகாம்௮ இியோம்‌, அதைத்தெரிவிக்கும்‌ வழியம்‌. ஈமக்குக்கெ ரியா. ௮௮ தெரிக்ததற்கு வேழுபம்கெரியாகதா்‌ குப்புறம்பாயுமிருக்கிறதென்‌ ௮ மூன்னொருரைக்கக்‌ 2-ட்டோம்‌. எஅவாக்கினால்விளங்சவில்லயோ, ள்‌ னால்வாக்கு விளவ்குக ண்ட்‌ ௮௯௫௦ வேபிரும்மமெ 9 3௫ ௧, வக்ஷ்டம்‌து தி, வமல்‌ பம்‌ ஐ _நர80_நா, விடா, விலா நீசொய டிய 2 உ0மிஷாகு, சர வ.2 அ தாஉயொ ி_சாஉயி, 5 “டதிஸ, ஸம, 8 ௨-௫வெ.-ஷ5, அஹ்வாவ அகதிெ. ய அவா அஹ) டக த்து 58) 9௮) _௪ி.வஉ- ஹப ௦வில! தத்‌ யிட வாஹூெ.௪. ய_5_நஹா_.௩ 9௩௨ 67 ப] ௭௪ வேதஸமாஜ; என்றுநீயதி ட அலல ௮௨ பாதிச்கிரந்கத 4 ததுவல்ல எ.தமன இனால்கினைக௪ கிறதில்லையோ, ஞால்மனது தநிமேக்தெதென்னர்களோ ௮ அலேபிட எ ம்மமென்று நீயி; எதை இதுவென்று உபா௫க்இ முர்களோ அதுவல்ல அம்‌ (ும்ச்சசண் காண டதத .ல்லையோ, எதினால்‌ (ஈமது)கண்கள்‌ காண்டுன்‌ ற 6 வோ அ துவேபிரும்ம மென்று நீயதி; எதை இத “ வென்று உபாசிக்கறார்களோஅஅவல்ல. . எனுகாநீ “னால்‌ கேட்கிற தில ல்லையோ, எதினால்‌ இர்தக்காஅ0 ௨ ட்‌இறதோ, அதுவே பிரும்மமென்து நியதி. டை 65 இதுவென்று ௨ உபா௫க்‌ இறருர்களோ ௮௮ த;வல்ல. அ 6ே சுவாசத்தினுல்‌ -ஜீவிக்கறதில்லையோ, எ. இனா ௦ச,யெ.ராஹ_ட£$பொ8 அடி _ தெவள: ்‌ ரி ௦வி, (9_ந௨.௦ யூிஉஉ, வாவ0க. யவ டை ஷா_ நவா) தி, யெ.நவக்ஷ-டு௦ ஷிஷு) 45. ப (2 தவள எ. ௦ வில, ர _ந௨ ௦ யகிஉ உவா 5, யெ ப ற நறு வணொககி, ச க்‌ டடக்‌ பரு ரத்‌ அவ ப தது வி) 0௨௦ யகி௨8-_-வாஷ0_௪. யத ஈணெ ட்ட ல்‌ ண? ட வண்‌ த லத்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௭௫ ஆ. ்‌ ச்சஸ்வஹிக்கிறகோ;௮. ஐவேபிரு ரும்மமென்‌ அநீயறி; எதை இதுவென்று உபாசிக்‌ இருர்களோ அவல்‌ ல.”இதில்‌ தொடக்கத்தில்‌ ௩மஅ கண்ணுக்‌ காவ, பாக்குக்‌ காவு, மனஇற்‌. காவது எட்டாத அரும்‌ ௮ பிரும்மமென்று குகிப்பிட்டகே போன. னல்‌. தத்அவவிஷயங்களைப்பலகடவைத்திருப்பி அரும்‌ கலை த்தாலன்‌ ௮. பாமரஜனங்கள்‌ வரல்‌ பஃ. சடவாமல்‌ நடச்கமாட்‌ டார்சகளென்று ௬ முதலில்‌ குறிப்பா யுரைக்க லகஷணக்கை ல௯திய இல்‌ ஏறிட்டு ஐச்‌. ௪கரம்‌ முறையிட்டது. இதினால்‌ ணா வாய்‌ மூக்குச்‌ செவி முதலியவை கடவுளுக்கு ல்லை யென்றும்‌, மத சண்வாய்‌ முசலியவைக்கு வா பலப்படமாட்டா ரென்றும்‌, சண்டோக்தமா ௪ சொல்லப்பட்டிருக்கிறபடியால்‌, பிரும்மம்‌ அதி கய மென்று ஸ்பஷ்டமாயேற்படுகிற ௪. இதில்கே ழ்‌ லம்‌ பிரும்மலக்ஷணத்தை மாத்திரம்‌ சொல்லாமல்‌ தில்‌ குதித்த லக்ஷணமுடையஒரு கனிப்பொருள்‌ விர மற்றொன்அம்‌ பிரும்ம மல்லவென்று நிஷே.இி கும்பொருட்டு 65 அஅவேபிரும்மம்‌?? என்றுரைத்து. 9வ்வளவுடன்‌ விட்டுவிட்டால்‌ ஒருவேளை ௮54 ஏவ ரர? தீ.துக்கு விபரீதார்த்தம்செய்யப்படுமென்ற௪ கையினாலே £ எக இதுவென்று உபா௫ிக்சிருர்க ளாஅ.துவல்ல?' என்று ௮நத ஏவகாரத்தின்‌ பொரு ஈ விரித்‌.தனாத்தஅ. இர்த ல௯ண லக்ஷியங்களால்‌ ர்ச்சாபிம்பஙக்கள்‌ பைஷ்டமாய்‌ விலச்சப்பட்டன;. ப வேகஸமாஜ, ட்‌ அர்ச்சாவிக்‌ இரகங்கள்‌ இருசியமாயாவ அ.திருசி ப பில்லை. அவற்றை அதிருசியமென்பன மது அனை த ர்வ ப அ ன டசி ரோசமாகு மென்னும்‌, ஆகையால்‌ அர்ச்சை அ அ யக மென்றும்‌, இனி ஐயமறதிரூபித்‌ துக்‌ காட்டப்‌ பூ 02, அப்படிக்‌ கன்தி ௮.து திருசியமேயென்று ண கொக ளும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌, அதை உபர௫ித்தல்‌ மேத்‌ சொல்க ப சுருதிக்குப்‌ பிரத்திய௯க விரோதமாயிருக்‌ இறத மேற்கண்ட அருகு திவாக்இியத்தில்‌ திருசியமானஅ பிர ம்மமல்லவென்னு அனுமானத்தால்‌ ஏற்படுகிறதேயக தி வியக்தமாய்ச 'சொல்லவில்லையேயென்றம்‌;- ர பவங்களில்லாவிடினும்‌ ஒருஸ்தாலமான சரீரம்‌ பி ம்மத்துக்கு இ இருக்கக கூடுமேயென்ற றும்‌; இலா கே பிக்கலாம்‌. ஆகிலும்‌ அகை இது வென்று நிர்த்தேம க்காட்டக்கூடுமாகல்‌, அதுமுூன்னுரைகத்த கருதிக்‌ ப்பிரத்தியக்ஷலி சரோதமாகும்‌. இக்த தக்ஷேபத்தின்‌ ற்றபாகத்‌ க்குச்‌ சமாதானம்‌ தைத்தரிய பதிவ த பிரும்மாதத்‌ தவல்லி ஏமாவது அனுவாகதக்தில்சொல ப்படுகிறது. உஅஇல்‌ * எப்போது ஒருவன்‌ அ: திருகி ஃ இசரிர, அதிர்வாச்சிய, நிசாலய( (ச்சடவுளிட)தஇ ட்‌ 3 3 யல பாஹெ) வெவஷை வ௭_ச வு நஜ இரட்கி _நா6 "த சிர உ.சிய] வய வ 2 விண்ணப்பம்‌, ்‌ பள நிலையாகசச்சரணமடை.இழஞுனோ அப்போகெ அவன்‌ பயமற்றவனாடஇிமுனல்லவா. இதை எப்போ ஒருவ ன்‌ ஈஷத்காவ௫ பேகமாய்மஇக்கிருனே அப்போ தே அவனுக்கு பயமுண்டாகிறதல்லவா” என்னு ௨ ாத்திருக்‌ ௦௮. இதில்‌ பேதத்தைக்‌ கல்பித்தல்‌ ௭ “பதற்கு 6 ௨௨௱௱௫௯[0௦௯-_0-௦0.௧” என்கிற வா கியம்‌ மூலத்இல்‌ பிரயோ௫செகப்பட்‌ டிருக்கிறது. தற்கு நாங்கள்‌ செய்த பொருள்‌ பிசகசானதென்று ராவ நதினைக்கலரமாகையால்‌ இசுற்கு பாஷிய களில்‌ செய்யப்பட்டிருக்கிற அர்ச்சத்தை யோசிக்க வண்டிய ஆவசயகமாகஇிற ௮. இப்படி சசெய்வதில ரஷியச்‌ காரர்களுக்குள்‌ விதியன்றி தாரதம்மியத்‌ க விசாரிக்க வேண்டியிருக்கறபடியால்‌, ஒறாவருக காருவருள்ள வாஸ்சவமான தாரதம்‌.ரியங்களை நா களெடுத்‌. தஅரைப்பஇஞுல்‌, நாங்கள்‌ அவர்களை உள்‌ 62 காஷிச்சிமேமென்ன கொள்ளாமல்‌ கம்மவர்‌ ௭ களை மன்னிப்பார்களென்று நாங்கள்‌ உறுஇயாய்க புகிழேம்‌. நாங்கள்செய்தஅர்ச்கச்தை சங்கரபாஷி டா௦விஈ 0.5, கம்ஹொமய;.ம0.சகாவவ.கி; ய ஈஹ) வவெஷி. ௨_ச ஹி ௨௨(78ஞ (0௦ ௯-ட -ப0-2, ௬_தஹ ப ஒயலவ.சி, ௭௮ வேதஸ்மாஜ்‌, யம்பூர்ணமாய்‌ ததரிச்சி௮. எனெனில்‌ % ர ரம்‌ அ அல்பம்‌, ௨௫2 ஆனும்‌, ௬௮10௦ - - இடை: பேத 6 ககக ௨ 2 செய்லழு(ஞலல்‌) வெ 6 ௨2௦.1_நமெனில்மனஇல்‌ சுவல்பபேதமாக: அறிதி ப்‌ ல்‌ என்றுபொருள்‌. ஆகையால்‌ அர்த பேதக்கொளி 64 சையாயெகா ரணத்தால்‌ அந்தபேதக்‌ கொள்கை ப புடையவனுக்கு பயமுண்டாறெ," என்று சங்கார சாரியரால்‌. பாஷியஞ்‌ செய்யப்பட்டிருக்கற௮. ர மானுஜாசாரியர்வேதத்தில்‌ ஒருஎழுத்துக்காவது பர ஷியம்‌ செய்யலில்லையென்பது எல்லோர்க்குந. 0 ந்கவிஷயம்‌, அகலும்‌ எரா த றவை வன்களு தி ன்‌ வாழ்ந்தமுனியத்திரய சன்னியாகிகளில்‌ ஒருவர] பெரங்கராமானுஜஜியரென்பவர்‌ சில உபகிஷத்து ்‌ கீகளுக்கு குமாத்தரம்வியாக்கியானம்‌ செய்‌்இருக்கிறா। 3. உ ௯௨), பட்டப்‌ லை ௬ல்‌ ல) 09 ௬௯/5 -. கமி, த்ர கவ வக ச$ ௨2 (ண? ௬௨ 2௨௦ வரா)_கி ௨௧) 0. யா ஷாகி லெஉஉ0-$_நாச 0 ஹெ0_கா௦ சவத ௨.ஐ. பி. ௩௦ ரூ._த_௩௦ ஊய௦வ.தி. விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௪௯ இல்‌ மேற்சொல்லியவாககய த்துக்கு % * இவன்‌ - உபாசிப்பவன்‌;இஇல்‌ --பிரும்மத்தினிடத்தில்‌,தயா னத்‌ அக்குஇடை தடங்கல்‌, கறு -சுவல்பமரவ அயார்செய்கரானோ அவனுக்குப்‌ பயமுண்டாகிறதெ ன்அுபொருள்‌; முன்வாக்கியத்திலுள்ள கிரக்தர தி பானத்தைச்சொல்லும்‌ பிரதிஷ்டா (நிலைத்திருத்த ல்‌) எனலும்‌ சப்தத்தினாலே தியானத்தில்‌ இடைய தரமற்றது இருத்தலன்‌ ௮ தோன்றுறெபடியால்‌ இ) வ்விடத்தில்‌ அக்தரம்‌”"என்னும்சொல்லுக்கும்‌ ௮வ இடையத்தியானத்தில்கிலைத்திருப்பதற்குள்ள தட 'ங்கலென்௮பொருள்செய்சல்பொருக் அமேயன்திபி 3 வஊஷ.௦ -- உவபாஹசு௦, வ_தஹிலஓ _. பாகாக கி, யா நஹ) ௯௯௦ ரொ, [௦ ௯௫, 9௨, யக ப1-,0.௧_சவட) வய$_ ்‌ வ.கி.) ப.-13 ப-ஒவ.3வாகெ) ௨ அதிஷா 5. கிரஞா(ரய நவா. நா. யாா.மத சொ 4௦ அவஹிககூஸ ௯௧, ௬ஞ(ர வெ _நாஷி.கஷஷெ) அயா.ந.ம.த 99.௩ ஷய-3ஷ) விறொயிநொயா_நவிவஹெடி ஒவ) ர . _ந_த-டவஸளறொக அப்தடதி ஈர ஹணி ௯௯௦ - மெலடி ய அது எ ர ட்ட உ௫ி_தஐ. தி உரஷூவு)௦. ௮0 வேகஸமாஜ, உறர்‌ சொல்லுறெபடி ட ம. அந்தர “ம்‌ பேதத்தை, ய்‌£ யார்‌ கற . ₹ எண்ணுகரானோ. என்று பொருள்செய்தல்‌ பொ ருக்தா௮ 7? என்று அவர்‌ உரைசெய்திருக்இறுர்‌ மத்‌ அவபாஷியம்‌ எங்களுக்குக்‌ இடைக்கவில்லை யர கையால்‌, .. அதில்‌ செய்யப்பட்ட பொருளின்‌ னதென்று பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ அதியக்கூடவில்லை. "சையால்‌ மேற்குறித்த இரண்டுபர்ஷியங்களுக்குள்ளீ ருக்கும்‌ சவரவதாரதம்மியல்‌ களைமாத்திரம்‌ பிர௫ ்‌ தத்தில்‌ யோடிப்போம்‌. ஸம்ஸ்கிருதச்திலுள்ள பெரு தூல்சசொல்லாம்‌ சொன்று தொட்டு ஸ்மார்த்தர்க ளாலெ செய்யப்‌ பட்ட தென்றும்‌, உலகத்திலுள்ள சகல வைஷ்ணவாகளும்‌ சில தலைமுறைகளுக்கு ்‌ ன்‌ வரையில்‌ ஸ்மார்த்தர்களாக விருத அர்சநூல்கி ளைப்பூர்ணமாய்‌ஓத்துக்‌ கொண்டிருச்தார்களென்றம்‌] வைஷ்னாவமதத்துக்குப்‌ பிராசுரியமுண்டானபிறகு ்‌ ல சரெ்தங்கள்‌இவர்களால்‌ எழுதப்பட்டபோதிலும்‌ பூர்வக்இிரக்தங்களில்‌ பெரும்பாலும்வைஷ்ணவர்ககு ச்குள்ளும்சாள அவரையில்பிரமாணங்களாய்க்சொ ளப்பட்டிருக்றசென்றும்‌; வைஷ்ணவர்களால்‌ பப்பட்டக்‌ இரத்தங்கள்‌ முழுமையும்‌, அவர்களுக்‌ ள்ளாவத பொதவானப்‌ பிரமாணமாய்க்‌ கொள்ள படவில்லை யென்றும்‌; ஈலீனமாய்‌ வைஷ்‌்ணாவர்களுமி சம்ஸ்கிருதத்தில்‌ விர்த்தியடைஈத போதிலும்‌, ஆதியி ல்‌ ௮வர்களாக்கு ஸம்ஸ்‌இருதத்தில்‌ விசெஷஞானமிக்‌ டடம 0 கதத விண்ணப்பம்‌: ௮5 ரமை பற்தி, மூக்கிெயடுர்தங்களைத்‌ தமிழில்‌ இய. அநத தமிழ்‌ இரச்தங்களைவைக்‌. அக்‌ கொண்டு (வார்கள்‌ காலக்தைச்கழித்அ வக்தார்களென்றும்‌; ௮ யில்சங்கராசாரியரும்‌ வித்தியாரண்ணியரும்மஹீத டத உண்க தவராமல்‌ டா. பாஷிய செய்தார்க ளென்றும்‌; பிறகு வேதங்களில்‌ ௮இ௯௬ கதய ிலஉபகிஷத்‌்அச்களுச்குமாக்திரம்‌ ன்கராமானுஜ ஜியர்‌ வியாக்கியானம்‌ செய்தபோதி ம்‌, அபிப்பிராய பேதமில்லாகவிடங்களிலெல்லாம்‌ மார்த்தர்கள்‌. செய்த பாஷியச்தையே வைத்துக்‌ காண்டு இரண்டொருவிஷயங்களில்‌ மாத்திரம்‌ பு தாய்ப்‌ பொருள்‌ செய்இருக்‌ கிறாரென்றும்‌; சங்கர ஈஷியங்கள்‌ முழுமையும்‌ ஸ்மார்த்தாளுக்‌ குள்ளும்‌ பிப்பிராய பேதங்களுள்ள இரண்டொருவிஷயங்க களுக்கு ஸ்மார்த்தாள்கவிர வேஜொருவரும்‌ பாஷிய 'பசெய்யவில்லையாகையால்‌ அச்தபாஷியங்களை ஹி£ ள்‌ அனைவரும்‌ஓத் தக்‌ கொண்டிருக்கிமுர்களென்‌ ம்‌; ரங்கராமானு ஜீயச்தை வேறு விதி.பில்லாமை ரல்‌ வைஷ்ணவசாமானியசக்தாரும்‌ ஒருவாறு ஒப்பு சொண்டபோதிலும்‌, அவர்‌ செய்த இசரக்கிரஈ்தங ௮/2 வேசஸமாஜ; சயன களில்‌ ஒன்றையாவது ஸ்மார்த்தா ளாவு, மாதீ ஓவாளாவது; வைஷ்ணவர்களுக்குள்ென்கலையார வ, வடகலையாருக்குள்‌ மடத்தாராவது பிரமாண ங்களாக றஐஇிக்க மாட்டார்களென்றும்‌, எல்லோர்கி கும்‌ ஈன்றாய்த்‌ தெரிந்திருக்க படியால்‌, மேற்குதி த்த இரண்டு. பாஷியங்களின்‌ தாரதம்மியம்‌ சானாமி விளங்கும்‌. ஆலும்‌ மேற்குதித்த சுருதிக்கு வைவி ணவர்கள்‌ சொண்டிருக்கும்‌ கருத பொருக்‌ துமே வெள்பதை மற்றொருவதியில்‌ பரிசோதித்துப்‌ பார்மீ போம்‌... அரம்‌' என்றெசொல்லிற்கு அல்பம்‌ ௦ க்க... இர்கதக எத்‌ அல்பமாகி ள்‌ லு என்னும்‌ சொல்லை. ரு சவனிக்கி மல்‌ விட்டிருக்இறுர்‌ பப்ரஇஷ்டா? என்றைசொ லுக்கு நன்றாய்கிற்றல்‌ என்பதே பொருளாகவிருக்‌ "தியான பரியந்தம்‌ அதற்குபொருள்‌ கூறியிருக்க கடயோக௮அர்தவாக்கியத்தில்‌ இரண்டு பாகங்கள்‌ ்‌ _ டங்இ யிருக்கறன. முதல்பாகத்தில்‌ இன்னின்க லக்ஷ்ணமுடைய. பிரும்மத்தை உபாடிப்பவர்களுக்‌ இன்னபயன்‌ தஇடைச்குமென்றும்‌; இரண்டாம்‌ பா த்தில்‌ அதற்கு விரோதமா யுபாசிப்பவர்களுக்கு $ ன்னசக்ஷைடைக்குமென்றும்‌ விதிக்கப்பட்‌ டிரு ம்‌ றது. இப்படிக்கன்றி ராமானுஜ மதத்தார்‌ பொரு செய்வதேசரியெலும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌ £ அதிருசிய, ௮௪ “ர, அநிர்வாச்சிய நிராலய” என்ற விசேஷண ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௮/௩ நக்கு இக்க வாக்கியத்தில்‌ பியோஜனமில்லாமல்‌ பரலிறதே. நிலையுற்ற உபாசளைக்கு இன்னபிரயோ மென்றும்‌, நிலையற்றஉபாசனைக்கு இன்னி பன்னும்‌ விதிப்பது மாத்தரமே இரத சுருதியின்க சகா௫ல்‌, பிரும்ம சவரூப மெப்படி. யிருக்காலும்‌ 'ககமில்லயே அதில்‌௮ச்சவிசேஷணங்களைச்சேர்‌ “வேண்டியஆவசயகமென்ன இர்தப்பிரபலபாதக உதாஷக்காவதுமனகிற்கொள்ளாமல்‌ பிரதிஷ்டா” எனும்‌ சொல்லுக்கு பிரயோஜனம்சல்பிக்கும்‌ பொ டடென்‌௮அவெகுசரமப்பட்டு இவ்விதபொருளைச்செ அிருச்கிமுர்‌. இந்தசொல்லுக்கும்‌ அர்சவாக்கயெத்தி ள்ளமற்ற சொற்களையொட்டி அர்த்தஞ்செய்யும்ப ,ச்தில்வேஅுவித ஹேயமான. பதார்த்தங்களிட. சில்‌ மனதை ஈஷத்தேனும்‌ சலிக்கவிடாமல்மேற்கு த்த விசேஷணங்களையுடையப பரப்பிரும்மத்தினி தீ இிலேயே நிலயானகம்பிக்சையைவைத்சால்‌, என்‌ பொருள்‌ கூறுவகினால்‌ யாதொரு ஆக்ஷூபத்துக்கு இடமில்லாமையுமன் றி இனிவரும்‌ சுருதிப்பிரமா -ங்களுக்கும்‌ ஒத்திருக்கும்‌. வேதத்தில்‌ விதித்த கு ஹேஅலிசாரம்‌ கூடாசெனில்‌; ௮௫அடி யோடு டாமலல்லவாயிருக்கவேண்டும்‌ ? அபிப்பிராயபேத வருமிடங்களிலெல்லாம்‌ பாஷியக்கார்கள்‌ சலிக்க 2 ஹேது விசாரம்‌ செய்‌ தஇிருக்கிராகளென்‌ பது . இர்தரங்கராமானுஜ ஜியரே இச்தவாக்இய விஷ ச்தில்‌ ஹேதுவிசாரம்‌ செய்திருக்கருரென்பதம்‌, டு வேதஸமாஜ, லோகப்பிரசத்தம்‌. ஆகையால்‌. தகுந்தபடி ஹே சாரம்செய்து அந்த வாக்யெத்திலுள்ள ர. த்திற்கும்‌, பிரயோஜனம்‌ கல்பித்து சங்கரா சாரிய ராஜாராமமோஹனராய்‌ முதலியவர்கள்‌ செய்திருக்‌ 2 உபாஷியங்களெல்லாம்‌ எங்கள்‌ கொள்சையை ஸ்து பிக்கு தென்னால்‌ இன்னஅசரி இன்னு ன பபசகென்ர ஈாங்கள்‌ சொல்லவேண்டிய இல்லயே. சரிரமில்‌& யென்றால்‌. பிராஇருத சரீ ரமில்லயென்பது தாத்பர யமேயன்தி, அடியொடு ஒருவித சரி.ரழா மில்லை ன்ப தல்லவென்று ல்‌ வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ புக்திய்‌ வாஇக்இருர்கள்‌. ஒருவசைப்‌ பொருளைப்‌ பொதுவ ய்‌. நிஷேஇத் விட்டால்‌, அவ்வசையைச்‌ சே ர்க்‌ ஒவ்வொரு பிரிவையும்‌ தனித்து நிஷேதிக்கபே ண்டிய ஆவசியக மில்லை யென்பதும்‌, அ.இன்‌ உ புரிவகளெல்லாம்‌ கிஷே.திக்கப்பட்டதாகவே கொட 1 உப ள வேண்டு மென்பதம்‌ சகல தேசங்களிலும்‌ வழ வரும்‌ நியாயசாஸ்திரங்களின்‌ கருக்தாகவிருக் ல்‌ பாம்பு மார்பினால்‌ தவிழ்ெதென்றால்‌, இக்தச £। னிய வாக்யெத்துிற்‌ சொல்லிய விசெஷணம்‌; ௮ விசேஷமான சகலவிதபாம்புகளுக்காம்‌ சமமாய்‌௮ வயிக்கவேண்டியிருக்க இன்னவகைப்பாம்புக்குமா இரம்‌அனுவயிக்கவில்லயென்றுசொல்லப்‌ பொரும்‌, மோ? ஆகையால்‌சருதியிலாவஅ,அதற்குமேலானக ரவ த்தையுடையூரரந்தங்களிருக்கன்‌ அவற்றிலாவ. இச்சசாமானிய வாக்யெத்துக்குவிலக்காகவைஷ்ல ன்‌ ரு [ ௫. . வணண்பபம, ௮௫ ர்கள்‌ சொல்லும்விதியேற்பட்‌ டி.ரும்காலொழிய இ க வேறுவிசமாகக்கொள்ளக்கூடாது, வேதங்களில்‌ )தையே ஸ்தாபித்து எண்ணி௰ாத பிரமாணங்கள்கஇ டக்குமேயன்றி, இதைவிசேஷவிதியாக்கத்தக்கபிர ரணம்‌ ஒன்ருவனுகிடைக்குமென்‌.நு காங்கள் கிளைக்‌ ல்லை. இதற்கு இருஷ்டா. தலப்‌ வாஹ0_5ய௨ டன்‌: % ௮-௮ வாச்கியகஇல்‌ “அவர்‌எங்கும்நி றைந்தவர்‌, ஒளிபொருக்தியவர்‌, எவ்விகசரிரமுமற்‌ றவர்‌,பரிசுத்தமானவர்‌, பாபமற்றவர்‌, விவேக,மன தை யாள்பவா்‌, ௪கலபூதங்களுக்கும்‌ மேலானவர்‌, கானாய்‌உண்டானவார்‌; அவ ரபொருள்களா அத இனிய லபுக்ருக்சககபடி சாசுவதமாகவும்‌ ௪மமரகவம்‌ து ப்பட்டு 1] மைத்தார்‌. என்அசொல்லியிருக்கிற ௮, இந்தச்சு இவாக்கெயததில்‌ எவ்விதசரீரமும்‌ அற்றவரேபரப்பி ட மென்கிறபடியால்‌ அவருக்கு அப்பிராகிரூத௫ தே மில்லையென்‌ ந ஏற்படிகிறதல்லவா ? இக்தசரு க்கு சாங்கள்செய்தபொருள்‌ பிசசானசென்று பா ரவது கினைக்காம்படி. நேரிடலாமாசையால்‌ அதற்கு ஹிதரர்‌ செப்கிரு£கிற பாஷியத்தையம்‌ ௮தின்பொ ல்‌ 4 22 தட்‌ :்- ச ) ஈத % ஹஊஹவயு.ஃமா 2௮-0௬ ,9௯ ணக ஜவ்ப ஸி யாவி௦ ப வோவவிலஷ கவிஉ_)_நிஷிவறி ௦ ௦ எட ப திறம்‌ ம்‌ ம மாவாஸ்ர.கீல)8 ஹர) (டன “களையும்‌ இவ்கிடத்தி லெமுனவ௮ உ௫ித்மென்னட ளைக்இமோம்‌. ௮இல்‌ * 6 அவர்‌ எப்படி. ப்பட்டவரெட ல்‌. (சுக்கிரம்முதலிய இகரலிங்கங்களையடைய 8 சேஷணங்கக ளைபுல்லிங்கத்தில்‌ ர௫க்கவேண்டியி ௨ சுக்கிரம்‌? -- சுத்தர்‌ - ஒளிபொரு ந்‌ இியவா, ்‌ காயம்‌? - உடலற்றவர்‌ ௭-5௨ம சரீர மற்ற ரென்றுபொருள்‌;. அவ்ரூணம்‌ - அழிவற்றவர்‌, 8 ர்‌ ட்ட ஈரம்பற்றவர்ட) உடலற்றவர்‌ ரம்ப றவர்‌ என்கிற இர ஷ்டிலிசேவணங்களாலே ஸ்தா சுடாம்‌ நிஷேஇக்கப்பட்ட; “சுத்தம்‌! களங்கம்‌ ஐவர்‌, அபாபவிக்கம்‌ _ அசர்மமொழிச்தவர்‌, 'கவிூ ன்‌ ஸகலச்தையும்காண்பவர்முூகலியன என்றுபெற ப ன்ப பம்‌ க இ ன ணக வடலிஃமெசெ கவ 27) பறட, _- 0-0 ல்ல 8௨02ல்‌, ௯காய லி மஸறறீா வஜி_.)_55 ௨.௧) 0.35, டட ்‌ ௯௯௨[0௦, ௯ஷஹாவி? - ஹிரா ஹி.ச8, ௭௨ ஆ ணொஷாலி( உதி விஸெஷண யெ. வட றம வ உட.கிஷெய6, ட்ப 96 கி௨1௮5, டட வல ார்கித்தது ப ௬௦ ௪ ஹ்வ-1உ_௯.1 ஐ உதார: \| கமலக்‌, விண்ணப்பம்‌. ... ௮௭ ரும்மதி அக்குள வ்வித சரீரமாவதஉண்டென்‌௮அயா 1வ.அஎடுத்‌ ஐச்சாட்டும்பக்ஷ£ச்‌இல்‌ அப்போ அதை பாசிப்போம்‌; சருகியைக்காட்டினும்‌ மேலான, தம்‌ ஒன்௮ுமில்லையென்பதை, பிரமாணங்களின்‌ ௪ ரவசாரசம்மியச்தை யோசிக்கும்போது திரூயிச்‌ க காட்ட்வோம்‌. சடை௫யாசக. எங்கள்‌ அகேூப மல்லாம்‌ அர்ச்சையைப்பொருத்தசாக விருக்கின் மயால்‌, பிரும்மத்‌அ.க்கு அப்பிராஇிருத சரீர மிரு பசாகவே ஓக அக்கொண்டாலம்‌, எங்கள்‌ கதிக்கு [கொருபாதகமுமில்லை.இத்தியாதஹே௮க்களால்‌இ ௬௬ .இயில்‌ உபபாதிச்சகப்பட்ட பேககல்பனைசேவல ட பாசனாமார்ச்சச்சன் தி உபாசனா விஷயச்கில்‌ ர னம ம்‌, பிரும்மதீ தக்கு ஒருவிதசரீ றம்‌ இ லலையென்ம்‌ ஏற்படுதிறபடி யால்‌, ௮௪ சியின்‌ உண்மையான கருத்சென்னவெனில்‌, பிரு ர அ.திருசயமென்றும்‌; பிம்பம்‌ தருயெமென்று பிரும்மத்‌அக்கு ஒருவிதசரிரமூம்‌இல்லையென்‌,௮ தட ௮சேதஈப்பிராடி ருததேகமுண்டெ றும்‌ ; பிரும்மத்தின்‌ சுவரூப சுவபாவ குணாஇகளு ு லக்ஷணம்‌ சொல்லிமுடியாசென்றும்‌ ; பிம்பத்‌ 2. அளந்து நிறுத்‌ ௮ மஇப்பிடக்கூடுமென்றும்‌ ; பி ௦ மச்அக்கு உகச்தேசியமான தனித்த ஆலயமில்லை ர ப பிம்ப ப மைச்சால்களுண்டென்‌ ௦ ; பிரும்மத்தை உபா௫ித்தவர்களுக்கு விலையற்ற ரயோஜனமுண்டென்றும்‌ ; பிம்பச்தை உபாசிப்‌ ௮ வேதஸமாஜ்‌, . பவர்களுக்கு அளவற்ற சகைக்ையுண்டென்றும்‌; கெ ள்ளவேண்டி மிருக்கற௮.. ்‌ இணி. யெடுத்து ர்க்கும்‌ 'சருஇப்பிரமாணங்களு தூ விரித்துப்‌ பொருளெழுஅம்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ இ௮. அக தபுராணமாய்‌ முடியுமாகையால்‌ அவற்றைச்‌ சரிய (ப்‌ 'மொழிபெயர்த்துச்சொல்வதே போறு மென்னு? ஊக்கிமோம்‌. (௧) முதலில்‌ மனிதர்‌ செய்யத்தக்க - தொழிக ளின்னவை,செய்யத்தகாதன இண்ட கடர இக்கையில்‌ தைத்தரீய உபடீஷத்து௪ ஆகா வல ல்லி ம்‌ வது அனுவாகத்துல்‌ % 4 நிந்திக்கப்படாத தொ 6 ல்களெவையோ அவை அனுஷ்டிக்கத்‌ தக்க ஃயேயன்றி, மற்றதொழில்கள்‌ லவ்டிக்கத்க 64 வை)அல்ல ்‌ ஈமக்கெவைஈல்லொழுக்கமோ, ௮௭ ட உன்னால்‌ உபா௫ிக்கத்தக்கன னவேயன்‌ நி. றது “யல்ல” என்று சொல ்லியிருக்கிறது, இவ்வாக்‌! த்தின்‌ உண்மையான சருத்து சந்தர்பத்தால்‌ 2 தா( லிளங்குமாகிலும்‌; இவ்விஷயத்தில்‌ மெய்யப்ப ருக்‌ க்ெபாஷியங்கள்‌ அதைத்தெளிவாய்‌ விளக்‌ மையால்‌, அவற்றை இவ்விடத்தில்‌ உரைக்கு இ ப ப ப ப ட்ட % யா.) நவஉஷா.மி சாணி; கா. வி.தவ £_மி, ரொஜல தாாணி யா_நூஷாக ன்‌ சாசிவயொவாவுகி, டு ஐ. தாரணி, ப்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௮௯ (௨) ீமதி வேதமூர்த்தி சங்கராசாரியர்‌ இதற்‌. % 6வேறெவை, ௬_நவஉ நி. நிசீஇிக்கப்ப டாத சுஷாசரரலக்ஷணங்களையுடைய காரிய ங்களோ, அவை ஆனுஷிக்கத்தக்கவை - - செய்‌ பததக்கன, உன்னாலே . மநிறவை செய்யத கன வல்ல - இஷ்டர்சளால்‌ செய்யப்பட்ட ம்பாதிலும நிந்திக்கப்பட்டவை அணுஷ்‌டிக்ககு தகனைவல்ல), எவை ஈமக்கு அசாரியர்களுக ச,ல்லெ லா முக்கற்களேோர 4 ஈன்மையளிக்க திதுக்க 2தொமில்களோ -_ வேகம்‌ முதலி யவற்லிற்கு ஹி 2சசமாயில்லாசவையோ, அவையே உன்ன னால்‌ ்‌்‌ பாசெகக்சச்சவை, (வேதத்தில்‌) விதிக்கப்படாத உவ, (வேரிடத்திலிருக்சாலும்‌) அனுஷ்டிச்கக்சக்க' அகடம்‌ உயா.ந)வி வாராகி, ௬. ரவ ஈ.சி 4) லி_தா_நி ன பஷ வாற ல்க்ட்ணா_ி கா ்‌ தர.நிஹெவி.சவு நி பல கக 3வ நி, ஆ ம்‌ 0.மாக.க4வாெ௮) சாணி -: ஹாவ ர_நி பிஷ கதா.) உர; யா) ஹாக் - ளூ டாணா, ஹுூஃிவாமி_த ரி. ஸொம நவி தி ரூடாயாவ) விடட லாம, _தா_ஈ1வ ியாவாஹ பாரி) ௬ட௨ரஷ மு... ரஷ லட வேதஸமாஜ* வை நியமத்துடன்‌ செய்யத்தக்கவை மற்சீ வையல்ல - விபரிதமானவை ஆசாரியரால்‌ கெ டய்யப்பட்டபோதிலும்‌, (அனுஷ்டிக்கத்தக்கலை ம்‌ யல்ல?) " என்று டட ஸ்பஷ்டமாய்‌ பெ ருள்‌ செய்திரு த்கிருா.. ப்‌ ௩) இந்த ம உன்ட ரங்கராமாஜ யர்செய்திருக்ளெ பாஷியத்தில்‌ ஆ பரிஷ்டர்கள ௨22 ஸசவ ஒத்‌ ஸ்‌ லு ்‌; அனுஷ்‌டிக்சப்பட்டிருந்தபோறுலும்‌, எரு பெ ஸ்மிருகெளுக்கு விசோதமாயிராத ஈல்லொமு ௨க்கங்கீன்‌ எவையோ அவற்றை அவற்றை : அனுஷ்டிக்கவேண்டியதேயன்கி, லோபாதிகனட ன்‌ லமாயுடைய ஒழமுக்கங்களையல்ல " வென்று மெ ௦6 ருள்செய்திருக்க ரர்‌, (௯) இக்தகருது ஈஇயின்‌ பொருளையாதாரமாகக்க்‌ ண்டே போதாயனர்‌ இஷ்டாசாரத்‌ தக்கு லக்ஷண்‌( ரைத்தார்‌. பக்த யாதொருதேசத்தில்‌ தி ட நிய. ௧.ச-4ஹார அ) -௪௮. 0 உச்ராணிவிவறி-சா.௩ாவாய மல்‌ 3: ஸ்ரிஷ வாஷ்‌ உரிம தி ஹு விறொயஸ-று5) அயா யாதி - ட்ட இ டட உடன்த த்‌ டாவாணிர்‌ 9 காமாசி5-ஒ௧ விதா.) 0.16... ்‌ யஹில செலெயஉாவாா£௦ உ௱௱ “விண்ணப்பம்‌. ஆக மாய்‌ ட வரும்‌ எந்த அசாரமான சுருஇிஸ்‌ ்‌ மிருககளுக்கு விசோதமின்றி மிருக்ன்றதோ : அதுவே ஸதாசாரமெனப்படுகிறது, '” என்னு ௮ பர்‌ ல௯ணம்சொல்லி யிருக்இரூர்‌, (௫) சங்கராசாரரியரால்‌ ரம்பட்‌ வகரவிஜயமென்னும்‌ இரந்தத்தில்‌ % * கமம்‌, இ தஹாஸம்‌, புராணம்‌; இவற்றில்‌ கொள்லட்ட அத 'அசாரங்கள்‌ வேசத்துக்கு ஒச்திருக்சகிறவரையில்இ ராஹியமாகும்‌ : வேதத்துச்குவிரோகமாகில்‌, அ இிராஹியமே ்‌” என்னு அவர்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கு (க). இவர்கள்‌ சொல்லெல்லாம்‌ பிரமாணமாக £ட்டாசென்னும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌, மனுவிதிச்‌ இருப்பை கவனிச்சவேண்டிய௰அ. அவருடையல்மிருதி இர ஈடாவ. அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ 1 ஈசருதியென்பத வே தமென்றறிக, தர்மசாஸ்திமென்ப௮ ஸ்மிருதியே. 1-3 ௯,5ா.ம_௧3 0 அஹ 7.௧) விமொயெம உ௱வாரஹ ௨௮) 0.௪, ட (வழு உ ளூம08_கி ஊஹாஷவ௨-ஃாாணொகா வா வெடா௩உக-ுல வூஅாமாஹ)6) ன்‌ 22) நட்த எது மர பம பரமு ஹப பம தன்‌ பறபற 7 ட்‌ ம்‌ ௬௨ டு 66 ட ஒழுங்கற்றவாதங்களால்‌ லட 6 பிக்கக்கூடாது, எ எர்தத்விஜனுவஅ(பிர அக்சா “ தஇரியவைசியனாவ௮) அப்பிரமாணமான க வதி ப்பற்றிக்கொண்டு, மேற்சொல்லிய இரண்டு 'ஷூல்‌ ங்களை மதிக்காமல்‌ போவானாகில்‌, அவனைப்பெ, ஃ யோர்கள்‌ ட்ட வேககிக்ககனெ ௦ நு ஒதுக்கை க்க ரட்‌ . என்று செ ல்லியிருக்கிமுர்‌. ்‌ \| (எ) இர்தமனுவினுடைய வாக்கயத்தைமாச்‌ இர்‌. ்‌ என்விசேஷ -கவுரவமானப்‌ பிரமாணமாகக்‌ கொளி ௭ வேண்டுமென்றாலோ சகலஸ்மர்த்தாச்சளும்‌ தி சலபாஷியக்காரர்களும்‌ சகலகிபக்தனைக்காரரகளு ம வேதக்துக்‌ கிரண்டாவதாக மனுதர்மசாஸ்தி இரமெரி ன்றையே சொண்டிருக்தார்களென்‌ பதும்‌; இப்பேர அம்‌ அகுற்கு விரோதமாக இதரல்மிருது, ஆக ்‌ புராணளூதிகளில்‌ செரல்லப்பட்டிருக்கிற ல லிஷயங்க ஸ.த்துக்கள்‌ இரடிக்கிற இல்லை யென்பதும்‌ எல்லே ப. தெரிச்தவிஷயம்‌. அகசையால்கான்‌ ஆபஸ்தீ கி வ தர௦ ஹெகல்‌ ௦ பிரா வி _நிஸ.]-020௭ யொவ$ெ) அ௦௧௨ஓ0௨ ஹெ.௪-ாஹ ர 57 யால ஹஹா. விஷ... ஹிஷாயொ த ரஹிகொவெடி.ம௨௧௦, படிய பக்கட்‌ உ தகக அடதத. ட்ட விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௬௯௩. ப ஸ்மிருதியில்‌ & : வெதார்த்தல்களையே இரட்டி. - ச்செய்திருப்பதனால்‌ மனுஸ்மிருஇக்குப்‌ பிராதானி ்‌ யம்‌. மனுவின்சொல்லுக்கு விரோதமாக உள்ளஸ்‌ மிருசிப்பிரமாணமே. யாகமாட்டாது” என்று சால்லியிருக்ளெர்‌ (௮ ம மத்குதித்த சப்‌ பிரமாணங்களால்‌ சுருஇக்கு ிரோதமான ஆசாரம்‌ அராசாரமேயன்கி ஷ்டா ரரமல்லவென்றுஸ்பஷ்டமாயேர்ப்படுபடியால்‌, ணி அர்ச்சாமார்ச்கம்‌ சுருஇப்பிரமாணங்களுக்கு மா அம்‌ விரே.தமானதென்பதற்குள்ள அகர்தப்பிரமா ரன்களில்‌ கதிதை இவ்வி௨ச்தில்‌உரைக்கிளோம்‌, மேத ல்‌ சுவேசாசவகரஉபகிஷத்‌ அமூன்மும்‌ அத்தியாயம்‌ “வுவாக்கியத்தில்‌ 4 அச்யொனவிருளைப்போக்க ச்சூரியுதிச்சாம்போல்ஜ்வலிக்கன்றமஹாதேஜல்‌ ஸலையடைய இச்சமஹாபுருஷனை. நானறிவேன்‌, ௮ வனையே பறி தகொண்டவன்‌ மரணதக்கை வெ ஃ வெஉரவஷெ.ாவ௭. கிய வாக யா டை கவ -க௨ 8ஙேம.3விவறிீ_சா_க.-. ஈஹ ர.சிஹா_ஈஷ) 0.௪. % வெஉஹ02_௧க5 உட ஷ.2ஹாஷை௦ 8-௪) வண-1௦ ௧8௨? வாஹாச, -௪0வ வி உ £.தி3)_த 3 08.கி ? மா.ந) ௨ேஈமரவிட 90.௪ மாய... ்‌ ற -.. வேசலமாஜ) ல்லஓுஇறுன்‌. பாமபதத்தையடைய இதுதவிர கே 6 ஜொருவழியுமில்லை ' என்று சொல்லிகிருக்கற இக்தச்சருதிமிஞலேஇவ்விதமாக பரப்பிருமத்தை கியாதவனுக்கு பரமபதப்பிராப்திமில்லயென்று மா த்இரம்‌ ஏற்படுகிறதேயன்றி இவ்வித சமாக அறியா) வனுக்கு யாதொருபாதசமும்‌ உண்டாவதாய்‌ விளக சலில்லையேயென்று சிலர்‌ ௯ பிக்சலாம்‌: நித்திய சாம்பிராஜியத்தை இழப்பதைவிட்‌. கொடியபாதகப்‌ இன்னசென்௮ தெரியவில்லை. ஆலும்‌ இதற்கும்‌; மாதனம்‌ அந்தச்சருதியிலேயே ர பின்வரும்வாகவி த்தில்‌ செல்லிமிருக்றெபடி.யால்‌ அந்தவாக்கயத்ன இவ்கிடத்தில்‌ உதஹரிப்பதே போதுமென்று க% க இரோம்‌. ல்‌ மேற்படி அத்தியாயம்‌ ௧0-வன வாக்கிய ்‌ இல்‌ 4 4 அவனைச்‌ இறக்ததிலெல்லாம்‌. சிறக்தவெ “ன்றும்‌, ரூபமும்‌ தன்பமுமற்தவனென்றும்‌ யார : இரார்களோ அவர்களுக்கு அமிருதத்துவம்‌ இனை ஃக்ஞும்‌; - இதரர்களுக்கோவெனில்‌, துன்பமேகி ்‌ 6ஞும்‌”என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. ்‌ ்‌ ்‌ டீ ,௧சாயஉடட_து_த௦ _கஉ௱வ ரே பஹ_சஅடி-ப18)_சாஹெ ஐவ? தெ ௨ வேயவோவியஹி,. விண்ணப்பம்‌... ௯௫ (௧௦). மேற்படி ௬-வது அச்சியாயம்‌-௪௧-௧௨-வ 2 வாக்கியங்களில்‌ & * ௪கலபூதங்களிலும்‌ மறைக்‌ தம்‌, ஸர்வவியாபியாயும்‌, ஸர்வபூதங்களுக்கும்‌ ௮ நீகராத்மாவாசவும்‌,கொழில்களுக்கிறைவஞசகவும்‌: ' ஸர்வபூகங்களிலும்‌ உறைந் தகொண்டும்‌,சாக்ஷியா கவும்‌, கேவலம்‌ சேகனஸ்வரூபியாகவும்‌, குணங்‌ களற்றும்‌, தொழிலற்ற பலவற்றிலும்‌, கனிமையா னவ௫ியாசகவும்‌, ஒருவிக்தைப்‌ பலவகையாக்குவோ ாகவும்‌ உள்ள ஒருவனே தேவன்‌, அவனைத்‌ தங்க நூக்ஞமுள்ளிருப்பகாய்க்காணும்‌ தீரர்கள்மாத்திரம்‌ நிலைத்த சசமடைவார்களே யன்றி மற்றவாகள டையார்கள்‌ ” என்று சொல்லி யிருக்கிற௮.. 3 ஹவகொெவ . ஹவ-3 ஐ-ஒ0_சஷ..... 390 ஷ வவ உ? ஷவ.ஐ-6_காஞ[மா தி ௧௨3) ௯௨௦ ஷஹவஃ௨-௭_சா யிவாவ? , ாகூ$வெ.சா. செவ்‌ெர நிழ ணவ ; டர காவி அஷியாணா௦ ௦ய.ஹ-ஓ_கா002௦ ஸூ ௦ வஹ.மாய? கொதி; -அசா_தஹு யெ ்‌ ம ப ன்‌ ன்‌ போய) ஸி பிராஹெஷாஉ வவ ஸமாஸ்ர ௦5_சறெஷாஃ, ப ௯௭ பல (௧௧௪) மேற்படி-௧௫-௮.து வாக்யெச்இல்‌ : ம்‌ ள்‌ வுலகத்துக்கு நடுவில்‌ (இமையை). அழிப்பவன்‌ ஓ ்‌ 6 வனே. நீரிலிருக்கும்‌ நெருப்பும்‌ அவனே. இல்வாது : அவனை அதிர்‌. துகொண்டு மரணத்தை வெல்லுஇரு ஈன்‌... பரமபதமடைய வேறுவழியில்லை. ” என்ற சொல்லியிருகறஅ- (௧௨) சடோபகிஷத்ன தான்காவறு வல்லி. ௪௧ வதுவரக்கியத்குல்‌ * & “மன இனால்‌ மாத்திரமே ௮6 னை (பிரும்மத்தை) எட்டக்கூடும்‌. ௮வ்விடதஇல 6 கெ எல்வளவேனு மில்லை. இவ்விடத்த “பலவாகப்‌ பார்ப்பவன்‌ மரணக்தினின்றும்‌ ம “ணத்துக்குள்‌ செல்லுகினான்‌.” என்று சொல்லி (பிருக்கிற அ. வகொ.ஹத்‌ உ ஹொ-வ ஷு வ ட 20௨) ஹஹவா.மிஹவிலெ ஹ நிவிஷ.௦. _த 7 வ௦விகிவ £.தி 27.௪)_05.கி _நா_௩:5 வமாக ஐ உ) தய.நாய, 4 80 வெ௨ாவவு)௦ த்த மா ஹிகினு ந, உ சரஷரே ச) ம2) கி 8 ஹ.நா0.ரவவரு) கி. விண்ணப்பம்‌. * ௯௭ (௧௩) மேற்படி-ஐஈ்காவ.துவல்லி-௪௨-வ.தவாக்இ த்இல்‌ 366 சர்வபூகங்களுக்‌ ரக்கும்‌ அக்தராச்மாவாகவு ம்‌, ஒருரூபத்தைப்‌ பல வாக்குவோனாகவும்‌, ௨ ள்ள வனேஆத்விதியமான இறைவன்‌. தமக்குள்ளா வேயிருப்பகாய்‌ அவனையார்‌ அரிகிமுர்களேோ ஆப்‌ டூட்பட்ட தீராகஞக்குமாத்திரம்‌ நிலைக்கசுகமே பன்ர இதரர்களு ஷுக்கில்லை. ”. என்று. சொல்லியி 5௫.ற ௮, (௪). மேற்படிவல்லி-௧௩-வ.௮ வாக்கியத்தில்‌ 3 த்‌ இயற்களுக்குள்‌ நித்தியமாயும்‌, சேசனங்களுகி தள்‌ சேதனமாயும்‌, பலவற்றில்‌ ஓனஞுயம்‌ (இருக்‌ கொண்டு) யார்‌ (ரம) கோரிக்கைகளைத்‌ ௧௫௫ னோ அவன்‌ தமக்குள்ளேயே இருப்பதாக அ:தியு இரர்களுக்கு மாத்திரம்‌ சாசுவகமான சாக்தியே உ ஹவகொவபுூ ஷவஃ$2-ஐ_கரஞ(ரா_கஈ, பவித்த்தப் படல்‌ உல்கு கொதி, தா. ன்‌ ௦ யொடவர வியா ஹெஷ.ர௦ ஹட £ஸா.௧௦ 0.ந_கறெஷா. % ி0.௧).மி. ஆரா.௩ா௦ 9/௮ _ச_நெ.க_நா ௦ ௨௭கொ௭ப।.ஹஓ_நா௦ யொவி௨ மா..கிகா 2) ச2ா.சவஃயொட௨1௭௧) 6 ஷியா ஹெஷாஃ £விஜாற.சி ம_-சரெஷாஃ. ௯௮ -.. வேதஸமாஜ்‌, “ யன்றி இதரர்களுக்கில்லை. ு என்று சொல்லி! ள்‌ க்கிறது. (க௫) தலவகாரஉபநிஷத்து இரண்டாவது ௪௮ டம்‌-௩-௪-௫-வதவாகயெங்களில்‌ ஆ “(பிரும்மத்வை £ நன்றாய்‌ ௮அறியேனென்பவன்‌ அதிவான்‌; ஆதிய 65 னென்பவன்‌ அறியான்‌. (பிரும்மம்‌)தெரியுமெண்‌ “ வர்சளுக்குக்‌ தெரியா தெரியாசென்பவர்களு £ குத்‌ தெரியும்‌, மனதினால்‌ அதியத்கக்கதென்‌் ரி ௦ மிபவன்‌அமிருதனாவான்‌. அத்மாவால்லீரியதீன யும்‌ ஞானத்தால்கித்தியயதவியையும்‌ அடைவாக்‌ கத இப்பிறப்பிலே அறிக்தகொண்டால்‌ பிறகுகிலைய £ டாகும்‌, இப்பிறப்பிலே அறியாவீ விட்டால்‌ பெரு 6 துன்பமுண்ட ஈகம்‌. பூதங்கள்‌ தோறும்பிரும்‌ ்‌ 3 யஹாா5$5௦ ர்வ னத்‌ 2_2௦1. ட்‌ வெக கவி 2௨. விஜா..ந_கா௦) ட ஜா_ந_தரக௦ ; உ..அியொய்விகி 2௦52௨) க்‌ ௯௦ ஹிவிஐ.0_௪, சூ-த.நாவிஉூூத வீய 0 யாவிக 0௧875௦. ஐஉஹ0௮வெ5உய வடக ஷி; நெகி. ஹவெ$_ந ஹ_சீவி_நவதி6, ௨-0 ட ரதத விவி. அ) யரா? ஷெடகி ரழ/லாகாஉ8 ஹஹ வ/ஞஷு/ ப லெ மை ஞி விண்ணப்பம்‌. ணை தைக்கரணகிறூரர்கள்‌ இவவலசைவயிட்டுதித்தயப சமடைகிருர்கள்‌”” என்ற சொல்லியிருக்கிற ௮. (௬) வாஜஸநேய உபதிஷக்அ ௧௨-வதவாக்கிய ல்‌ &இயற்சையைக்‌ தொழுவோர்கள்‌ (நாஸ்தி ர்‌) ௮ர்சகாரக்தையடைவார்கள்‌. படைப்பைத்‌ காமுவோரஇன்னும்‌ கொடிய அந்தகாரத்தை ௮ டவார்கள்‌?' என்ன சொல்லியிருக்கிற. ளு முண்டக உபநிஷத்து இரண்ட ரவது மூண்‌ா ட்‌ இரண்டாவது அத்தியாயம ௫- வது வாக்கி இல்‌ “அவன்‌ ஒருவனையே அறி 1 என்று சொ. யிருக்கு அ. ௧௮) கடோபநிஷத்த மூன்றாம்‌ வல்லி க௪-வு ரக்கியத்தில்‌ * “(அக்கியான உறக்கத்தினின்்‌றும்‌) தித்த, எழுந்திருங்கள்‌. இரோஷ்டமானவர்களை ய டக்து பிரும்மஞானக்தை படையுங்கள்‌, . (6 அலால்‌) அவனை அதிந்தகொள்ளஞம்‌ வழியான ணன்‌ தழல்‌ கட்கரி படப்‌ பபற்று அப்த அப தகிமமம்‌ பம்‌ உட்க பகிர விட்‌ மட்க 6 ௬௩ ஞ25 உ, விர.ஹி யெவல-ு கி. டட அட்ச -ஓய ஐவ0.5,தொ ௨ 42-ஓ_ச ம்‌ 8_கா, _த080 வெக. ந, ன்‌ உதிஷ_ச,லா.ம, பம 5ன, ரஷ) வார .ரிசெபொ வன்‌ 2, கப வ) மாறார.நிஸ்ரி. சாஉ- டா அ)யாத ன்‌ வயஹ-ு கவயொவ.உ.ஸி. ௧00 வேதஸமாஜ, வெகு கூரானகத்தியின்‌ முனையில்‌ நடப்பது ல்‌ வெகு கடினமானதென்று சான்றோர்சொல்‌ “இருர்கள்‌ ? என்று சொல்லியிருச்றெ. ட. (௪௯). முண்டோகபதிஷத்து முதல்‌ பண்டக இரண்டாவ அத்தியாயம்‌, ௯ - வு வாக்யெ, ல்‌ & “பலவிதத்திலும்‌ அச்யொனத்திலிருக்கும்‌ ! “ம்‌ புருஷார்த்தத்தை அடைந்‌ அலிட்டோ மெனி எ௫ிறுவர்‌ நினைக்கருர்கள்‌. தல தசைப்‌ இ ௩ இல்‌. அவல்கொண்டவாகளாக ஆசையினால்‌ இ 5முயறிகிறஇல்லை யாகையால்‌. அவர்கள்‌ கர்ம்மதீ ஈன்‌ பயனொழிர்தால்‌ விழுக்‌ விடுகிலூர்கள்‌ "இ ௮ சொல்லியிருக்கிற. ம்‌. (௨௦) மேஜ்படி உபகிஷத்து இரண்டாம்‌ வ்‌ கம்‌ முதல்‌ அத்தியாயம்‌ அவக்கத்தில்‌ % 6 இத ச ப்‌. “யம்‌. ஜுவலிக்கிற அவத க அத ஆமிரமி ஃ ௯விஉ.ாயா: வ.ஹூபமா. கத தட ரர்ட கநீணமொகாஸ) வெ. ஆ அ0௨.55௧) ௨, யாஹூ வாக ்‌ வ த. வகா அிஹ-ஃூ%.மா? ஹ்‌ ஹஹ.ஸா2வ. வடு! 1 ர வ தரர்த்து ங்களில்‌ எப்படி பொரிகள்‌ ௨ ண்டாசின்‌;னவோ னின்றும்‌) பலவித ஜீவாச்மாக்கள்‌ உண்டாகி ம டி. அதுல்லமிச்சின்றன ” : என்௮சொல்லியிரு ர, ஃ) மேற்படியில்‌ இரண்டாவறு அக்தியாம்‌ ௧- வாக்யைக்தில்‌ & ““சுவலிக அசக்கொண்டும்‌,. இ னிப்பவர்களுக்குச்‌ ர ரடட்பட்‌. (ஹிருதய) க. யில்‌ வூப்பதாய்ச்‌. சொல்லப்படும்‌ (பிரும்‌ 6) உயர்சதபதமாகும்‌. ௪லிக்தச்‌ கொண்டு வட்தித்‌அக்கொண்டும்‌, கண்களை மூடிக்கொ மி மிருக்கற, (௪௪ல்‌ மும்‌) கதையே. அதாரர சக கொண்டிருக்கின்றன. இதுவே உள்ளது இல்லாகதமென்றும்‌, சொழக்தக்க தென்று அஇரோஷ்டமானகென்றும்‌, ஜனங்களுடைய விக்‌ ன த்இனாலும்‌ அறியககூடாகதகென்றும்‌, கீ ௮ 99 என்று. சொல்லி. யிர மி தே அகொள்ளச்‌ கடவாய்‌. . ட்‌ -ஒஷா?௦ சமாஷ(சாஅிவியா$ ஹொ) வா உடகாயனெ ; ர்‌ ிவெவாவியஸி, ளூவிஷ_நி.ஹி_தட பரட்‌ 82 ஹ.- [\| ்‌ தி 5000_௪ ச. 59௨0.1_2௦, ௨வஜ- உண உகு ஜா_நய,ஹஉஹ 3) ண்ட வாவி ரசு ய அ ௦ டை ந ய்‌ சிஷ ௦ உடை! லாத, - விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧0௧ படியே, இன்புள்ளவனே ! அழிவற்ற (பிரும்ம. ஆரம்‌ ப்ப னை எல அன்ப “எ வேரொன்றையும்‌ ஸ்அதிக்காமல்‌ உன்வரக்கைதீ; ௧0௨ வேதஸமாஜ, (௨௨௮ பட்டன்‌ அத்தியாயம்‌ இரண்டாவ .. க்இயத்தில்‌. ச 66 ஒளிபொருந்தியதென்றும்‌ ; 3 அணு லும்‌ -அணுவானதென்றும்‌ ; உலகங்களுக்கும்‌, ; இலுள்ளவற்றிற்கும்‌ ஆதார. படல்‌ : (றி ்‌ “கொள்ளக்‌ கடவாய்‌) 6 இஅசான்‌ அழிவற்ற. பிரும்‌ “ம்‌; இதுதான்‌ பிராணன்‌ 5; இததான்‌ வாக்கும்‌ அ “எனதும்‌; இது சத்தியம்‌; இது நித்தியமான அஜி தட இன அவக்கத க த்த ).. மேற்படி அத்தியாயம்‌ ௫-௨ ரன மன, (௨௩. இல்‌... “௪ வர்க்கம்‌, பூமி, ஆகாசம்‌, ணன்முதலிய இவையெல்லாம்‌ அதையே ஆதாறி சச்கொண்டிருக்கன்றன., அதை ஒன்றான தல பொருளென்று 8. அறிந்து றுகொள்ளக்‌ கடவரி ஆய ன்‌ யடி.அி-384 யஉண-லொ. உளி 1 ஹி தத ரிகா கொகி.நற_௧0௨ க்ஷ ஹூஹஉாணவஷடிய வால்‌ 956 ன்‌ பசது ௧ த.த)௦ _அஜ8...௧௦- தவ) 1] கஹிஓ%ள? பெர பே மிலீவாஷரிக்ட _த௦8_ நஹ ஹ வானு ஷவவெ-௦ அ வொ 4 3 % விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨0௩ பாயாக, இனுகான்‌ முக்இக்கு வமி”” என்க. சொ யிருக்கிறது. ௨௮.) மேற்படி அத்தியாயம்‌ ௧-௨ வாக்இயத்‌ ்‌ி “பொன்போன்ற உயர்ர்த கோசத்தில்‌, தோ உழும்‌ களங்கரமுூமற்று பிரும்மமா யிருக்கிறது. ன. சப்பிரமாயும்‌, ஓளிகளக்செல்லாம்‌ ஒளியா .மிருப்ப்தாய்‌ எதை ஆகச்மதக்துவமறிர்தவர்சள்‌ 'காள்வார்ளோ ௮தவாக விருக்கிறது 5. எண்று £ல்லி மிருக்கிற ௮. ௨௫.) மேற்படி அத்தியாயம்‌ ௬-வது வாச்சிய ல்‌ * ““சத்தியஈ்சான்‌ ஜயிக்கிறத ; அன்ருதம்‌ ஐ (கை தில்லை. சத்தியக்சினலே பரமபத ராரக்கம்‌ விஸ்சாரமாய்‌ வெளியாகிற௮. இதின லகான்‌ சான்றோர்‌ விருப்பங்களை அடைநர்சவர்க ரப்‌, இர்தச்‌ சத்தியக்‌ அக்கூறிய சர்வ சொஷ்ட )வ௯௦ ஜா_ந0, ஞளூ.தா.58 ரவாவொ வி: 115, ௬8) கவெடு ஷஹெ_க_.6, ௪ ஹிஈஷயெ ௨ரொகொஸெ விஜ ,ஹ.நிஷலஉத வடட வ ட்டன ஷஜொ தி 9 உ-கவி £வி௨-_௦.. ர ஹத) 02 வய 0.௪, .நா_5_2௦, ஷூ.௧) _௩மா வி. _காடெவயா_58; யெ.நா_து 2௦ ௧0௫ வேதஸமாஜ,. £ மான பதவியை (இடைக்‌ இர்கள்‌), ம்‌ என்று சொர லியிருக்றெ து. 3 (௨௬.) மேற்படி ௮ த்இயாயம்‌. ௭-வது வாக்யெ இல்‌ 4 அது (பிர ஈம்மம்‌) பெரிதாயும்‌; இல்வியமி “யும்‌; மனதினறா௮ம்‌ டக தல்‌ ப ரூபதீை ட்‌ ஈடையதாயும்‌, குஷ்மத்திலும்‌ குக்ஷமமாயும்‌,. இ ஃலவிசமாய்‌ விளங்குகிற. இ (தியான ம்‌, ்‌ ்‌ ற்களுக்கு) வெரு தார த்திலிருக்கி னும்‌ (இயாக ரி 4 பவருக்னா) இட்ட... 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(௩௫) மேற்படி -௪௯-வ௮. வாக்கியத்தில்‌ & து ்‌ வன்‌ (பிரும்மம்‌) கையின்றி கரடிக்கிறான்‌ ; கூற £ லின்றி நடக்கிழான்‌ ;. கண்ணிலிதி காண்கிரு. டன்‌ கரஇன்றி கேட்கிருன்‌. அதியத்தக்கனவெல்‌ லாம்‌ அவனறிவான்‌, அவனையோ அறிர்தவரில்லை. “அவனுக்கு வேதுலகூணமொன்றும்‌ சொல்லக்‌ க “ டாமையால்‌ அவனை ஆதிமஹாபுரஷ னென்ஞனார்க “ள்‌ ? என்று. சொல்லியிருக்கிற து.. \| (௩௬) மேற்படி-௪-வ௮ அக்தியாயம்‌- ௧௯௭௨௦ ரக்கியங்களில்‌ 1: அவன்‌ உயரத்தையாவத, ௮க லச்தையாவ௮,; இடையையாவது ஒருவரும்கண்‌ (௨கியார்‌. மஹாய௪ஸு என்னும்‌ பெயரையடைய (அவருக்குப்‌ பிரதிமையேயில்லை.? என்று சொ ௰்லி மிருக, ப ஃ சஅவாணியாகொ 2வ0.நா.ம.ஹீ_தா, ற) த) வ௯௭-ட௦ ஹு ஆ ணொ_௮) கணட வ அகமத்‌ 5௮ கவாஹி வெ.தா; ததா ஹப/0_ம ௮40 உ. ஷ.௦2.ஹாஞ ௦, ல்‌ 00௩59. ஒய_3_ந.கிய)32து 8யெ) யில.) ௧௪. நஹ) உட_கிராகஷீ யஹு)_நா 98 ஹூ. 2) (095. ௧௧0 வேகஸமாஜஐ;, தக டம்‌ ஐர்தாவஅஅத்தியாயம்‌ ௪௪- - வ ்‌ வாக்யெத்தில்‌ * € ரகவ அ ல்‌ 6 குக்கூடுயவும்‌) சாரீசமற்றவும்‌,) உளவாக்கவும்‌இ௦ ள்‌ ஈ வரக்கவும்‌ கார ணமானவும்‌, சலாஸர்க்கங்கலாயு ண்‌ £ டாக்றெவும்‌ தேவனை அறிந்தவர்கள்‌ தேஹ த்தைவி 65 ட. ? என்து சொல்ல்யிருக்‌? றது; ்‌ (௩௮). மேற்படி ௧௯-வது வாக்யெத்தில்‌ 6 வயவமற்றும்‌; -தொழிலற்றும்‌, சாந்தமாயும்‌ 65 மிப்பற்றும்‌,. மாசற்றும்‌; பரம்பதத்துகறு மே வாயும்‌, ஜவலித்அுக்கொண்டும்‌, இருக்கிற . 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(௪௪) பிரசினோபகிஷத்து, நாலாவது பிரகினம்‌ .0-வ௮ வரக்கியதஇல்‌ 1 “ஐஅன்புள்ளவனே ! யா சானால்‌ அதை(பிரும்மத்தை) நிலலநீற அசரீரி, வர்ணமற்ற து, ஒளியுள்ள, அ.திவற்றஅ. என்று . அ.திகிமுனே; அவன்‌ 'ஸர்வக்சியனாசவும்‌, ௪கலமா கவும்‌ ஆகி முன்‌? 22 என்னு சொலலியிருக்கிற ஐ. (௪௫) தைத்திரீயஉபகிஷக்‌ ன -சீக்ஷாவல்லி-௬-வ அனுவாகத்தில்‌ 1 “ஹிருதய ஆகா௫ தீதில்‌, இந்தபு % நவ மெ அஷ கிற வே, ந க்ஷ்்ஷாவம) தி கப௦009.5_ 5௦ ஊஉாச.ம டா உ நஹரவிகடணஊொய வ_த.ஆி] உ-ய/227- கர வ ஹவ ஷி, படத்‌. * வயொ.ஹூவெ க வாய8 ஸீ ிலா.ஹி_க௦ ௦22 கவோ வெடிய௮) யஹ-ப ஹொ) ! வஷ வ. ஹவெ.3ாலமவ கி. ப வ 2 ஷவஷஷெொஞ ஹூ.1உய ஞூகாஸா?; த கை வேகஸமாஜ, 2 ஷன்‌, மஜனோமயமாகவும்‌, சுவர்ணற்போல் ஜு வலித்‌ அச்கொண்டும்‌, நித்தியனாகவம்‌, வ௫க்‌இரு ன்‌, என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற.து.. ன்‌ (௪௬) சரக்தோச்யெ உபகிஷத்‌அ-௭-வு அத்தி யாயம்‌-௧௫-வது சண்டத்தில்‌ 5 பெயரும்‌; பெ 6 பருக்குக்‌ சாரணமாஇய ரூபமும்‌ ன்ட்‌. ஆகாசம்‌. அவற்றிற்குப்‌ புறம்பானது ௪௮ ்‌ 6 வே ௮] பிரும்மம்‌ ௮. அமிருதம்‌ அலது சொல்லியிருக்கிற ௪. 3 (௪௪.) புருஷரூச்சம்‌ பதினாழருவது ருக்கல்‌ $ எந்த புருஷன்‌ ௪கல ரூபங்களையும்‌ விசேஷமாயு “ண்டாச்‌?, பெயர்களையும்‌ ஈர்னு, அட்பெயர்களர “ல்‌ வியவஹரித்துக்‌ கொண்டி ருக்கிறானோ; அப்ப டிப்பட்ட மஹானாகி யம்‌, குரியனைப்போல்‌. ்‌. “ வலிக்கிறவும்‌, ௮க்கியரனததஅக்குப்‌ புறம்பா யு ்‌ ₹ சாவும்‌, அந்த புருஷனை நான்‌ (இயான மார்ச்சதீ விசய ர ட கிரதடு- 206 9 ௯30௮ ஹிரா, த டப்‌ ட பலப்பல ஆ கிட எங்மை 5 யொ ்‌ வ.ஃ.ஹி_தா_கய,ஞ।(மா, 222/7 ஹ,_௧௨8 டட ்‌ * வெவராஹூூ_5௦ ௨/-,[0-பஷ௦2 ஹா; ளூ.) வண.-௦ அஹைஹுஃபோ ஹவ.2 ராணி விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௧௫ ரல்‌) அறிவேன்‌.” என்று சொல்லி பிருகிகற்து. ழுடி மேற்படியில்‌ - ௪௭-வது ருக்ில்‌ & “பூ ம்‌. பிரஜாபதியும்‌, காலுதிக்குகளிலு முள்ளவ ட்‌ தன்ருயகிஈத இர்இரனும்‌, (உபதே௫ித்த தமாக)௮வரை (பிரும்மத்தை)த்‌ இயானமார்க்க காலதிநீத தவன்‌ இவ்விடத்திலே௮மிரு களூகிருன்‌: [ரமபதப்‌ பிராப்திக்கு வேறுவழியில்லை. ”” £றுசொல்லியிருக்கிற து. ௪௯.) உத்தரசாராயணம்‌ இரண்டாவது ரகக * “மகானாகவும்‌, அக்யொனத்துக்குப்புறம்பாக ம்‌; கூரியனைப்போல்‌ (ஞானதேஜலால்‌) ஜுவலி அதுச்கொண்டும்‌ இருக்கற இந்தபுருஷனைதி தியா ப ாரக்கத்காவதியேன்‌; அவனை இவ்வாறதிக்‌து காண்டவன்‌ இவ்விடத்திலே அமிருசகனாகஇருன்‌. ரானி லிஸி.) பிர? அரசோ விகட னிவ 2 (ப/5. ரஈவெ. ஜ்‌ பா சாஉடபாஷாட)ட கார, க?! விஅால உர கிறா அனா & _த3வ5 வி௮ா_ந ஐஉஹ வ.கி; ரா.) வமா ௯ய_நாயவி 0.௪, ்‌. * வெவாஹ08௧௦ உட்ப டிஹாஞ௦ $-௧) வண-4௦ தஹ? வஹா௯ _த08வ வி க்ளு வேதமா, 6 பரமபதம்‌ பிராப்திக்கு பே அவழிபில்வ] என்அசொல்லியிருக்கூற து. ம்‌ (௫௦). தைத்தரீய உபநிஷத்து சக௯ஷாவல்லி ஆ வத அனுவாரகத்தில்‌ 4 “ஹிருதயமாகிய டச்‌. யைப்‌ 'பிராணனுகவும்‌, தந்தத்தை ப தி : உடையவளாகவும்‌ ; பரிபூர்ண டன 2. “வாகவும்‌, அமிருகளுகவும்‌, இருக்கிருன்‌ ” ்‌. சொல்லி மிருக்றெது. - இ (௫௪.9) மேற்படி உபகிஷதத பிரும்மாகக் தலி லி க-வ௮ அனுவாகத்தில்‌ 1 பிரும்மத்தை அதி - எவன்‌ பரத்தையடைஇழுன்‌. ஆகையால்‌ இ௮ (இ வாந). த௨ஹமவு தி, நா ௩) ௨/௩ம ரவி, , பாய, 3 ஹஹ ஹஷெொஞஹ_3]உய ஞூகாமா$ ந ஷி_ந நய உட பஷெ0._ நாய, ௯870_தா& ஈணய6, ரூகாறஸறி! ௦௦௦ ஹ) ஹ_க) த ட்‌ ணா௱ாலை 8௩ளூ_5ந ௦5 பமாஷிஷ$ர 937௮௨ 1 வர ஹவிஷ உரவொ.கி ௨௨ அறெவு ப ஜட்ல்‌ ட ட க 52. £..௩9_நஞ௦ 22_- ஹயொ _ விண்ணஙப்பம்‌,. ௧௧௪ ரகு) கொல்லப்பட்ட. .. சத்திய சுவரூபியாயு 2, ஞானசுவரபியாயும்‌, அக்ர்தமாயமாள்ள (பரப்‌ ிருமமமானவன்‌) ஹுருதய குகையிலும்‌, சோ டமான ஆகாசதீஇலும்‌ உறைவதகாகயார்‌ ௮ கிரானோ, அவன்‌ சகல விருப்பங்களையும்‌ அடைக ன்‌; சர்வசக்கியன ய பிரும்மக்கையம்‌ 'அடைஇ ன; ௮நத அதமாவினின்றே காசம்‌ உண்டா யற்ற. என்று சொல்லி யிருக்கிற ஆ எதுக்கு லக௲ணமுாரைக்கமாட்டாமல்‌ ரனிடைகிறதோ ப்‌ ஈம சக ப்‌ ச $. ர ட்‌ ௪ ரஈட்டாகோ, அப்படிப்பட்ட பரப்பிரும்மத்இன்‌ வாக்குப்பி .. எதையானால்‌ மனதும்‌ ௮ண்ட க்சகதையறிக்தவன்‌. எப்போகம்‌ பயப்படுகிற ல்லை.” என்று சொல்லி யிருக்கிற ௮. 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(3. பகவத்தேதை ௭-வ௮ அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ எண்ணரிய ஜன்மங்களெடுத்தும்‌, கடைசியில்‌ ஞூ ..னமுடையவன்மாத்திரமே என்னை யடைஇருன்‌ ப்‌ வாசுதேவனே சகலமும்‌, ர. ஃ தல்கடினம்‌, என்றுஅறிக்தவனே அந்தஞான மும்‌ “யவன்‌. புத்திகுன்‌ தியவர்‌ செய்யும்பூ ஜைகளாலவ விஷெஷ ண விவி_)_௧௦ கவக்ட்யவி_ நாமா) ர௦ வறிணா?ா.தி.18_நி௦ வ்ஜி)_ 23. ராக அவக யஹஉாஹீ.கிசெவ, 3 ப ஹுு_நா௦ & ஐ_ந_நா8ஹஷெ ஜா வால வவ) செ வாவ பெவஹவுடச.தி வ ஹா_தா ஹ.டஉ-_ 6-2 22, ௯ தெ வ க-ட வலு. தஷா5 தவ ௧௮.௫. தஹாக ஆ 0 த . ச ஆ ரத்‌ ம்‌ ்‌ ॥ ்‌ ப ஆலிலல்‌ வண்டிய படட ட பக்கத்த வ ஹ்வ வவ வவன் ப்‌ இஙகலா கல ம்‌ த்தி அதத வம வட்‌. பல பட அறிம ்‌ ்‌ திக பட்ட எதையம்‌? ப ஆம்‌ கட்ச மகட்‌ சடப்‌ தல நச்‌ அல பகவ பத்க்‌ தத்தக்க படத்து அதவது வ வதும்‌ தன்வி அதகட்ல்த்‌ தத்கல்‌ ட்‌ பஅட்ட்பப்ன்‌ கம்‌ ல்‌ அன்னு 291 பு இப்டி க்க ப கந்தப்‌ ர. விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௨௫ களுக்குக்‌ கிடைக்கும்பயன்‌ முடிவுள்ளனவேயரம்‌, சேவர்களைச்‌ தொழுவோர்‌ தசேவர்களையும்‌(கல்லைத்‌ கொழுவோர்கல்லையும்‌)௮வுடைவார்கள்‌. என்பக்தர்ச ள்மாத்திமேயென்னையடைவார்கள்‌. என்னுடைய ட்‌ ஆ ்‌ ந ட ௮வியயமானவும்‌, சிரேோஷ்டமானவும்‌, சுவபாவதி தஅதியாகமு டர்கள்‌, இர்திரியங்களுக்கு விஷய ப ,மாகாதஎன்னை உருவுள்ளவனாக : நினைக்கிழுர்கள்‌. யோகமாயையால்‌ கசூழப்பட்டிருக்கும்கான்‌ எல்‌ 'லோருக்னு தம்‌ விளங்குறஇல்லை. சான்பிறப்பும்‌ இ றஐப்புமற்றவனென்று யாரதியவில்லையோ அவன்‌ மூடனே. என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற ௮. .வாெவ யொயாஷி 9௨௯ ௱. யாஷிதா9உ). ல்‌ டட ய ஷி [2] ௬வ)௧௦ ஷுகிாவ_௩௦ ஹ்‌ ஸ்‌. ச த்‌ 9.50 ஷெ 2௨௨௮06 ர ஊ௱௦ர வலா நஞா. ்‌ டட ௨._52௦. ல: அ நர ஹ௦ ௨. காண ஹவ- ஹ்‌ வக்க பட 9 சொ.மதா யாஹசாவர..5௦ 8-௦ _நரஷிஜா_ நாதி லொகொசா 292வ) 1/௦. ஆ. ௨௭ ரகா... 2 இற ர (௬௩. ௪௭௬ - ௪௭-வது பச்சம்களில்‌ த்த இற தைத்தரீய உபநிஷத்‌ துவாக்கயேம்‌. ்‌ (௬௪௮. படு-வன பக்டத்‌இல்‌ குறித்திருக்‌ ஜஸ்நேய உபகிஷத்‌அவாக்வேம்‌. இத்தன்மையான எண்ணிறந்த சவுரவப்பிரமான “ங்களை யெடுத்‌ அரைச்சக்கூடுமாகி லும்‌, இச்தசரந்து தை மிகப்பெரிதாக வள ளர்சத்சமனமின் றி இவ்வளவு ன்‌ முடி க்கிஜோம்‌. உபயப்பக்ஷத்துக்கு மாதாரமாயுக ள பிரமாணங்களையம்‌. தணைத்துயோசிக்கும்போது அர்ச்சைஅடியோடு மானிடத்தன்மைக்கிசையாத. ்‌ இஹேயமார்ச்கமென்று சுருதியாலும்‌ ; புத்தியுள்‌ வர்கள்‌ விஷயத்தில்‌ ௮து நிஷேசமாகிலும்‌; ஞூய களுக்குமாத்திரம்‌ அது கராஹியமாகுமென்னு 2 மபண்டிதர்கள்‌ பிரமாணமாஇய புராளாதிகவுணப்‌ 9 மாணங்களாலும்‌, ஏற்படுகிறபடி.யால்‌, சுருதியால்‌ அ க்கப்பட்டமார்க்கத்தைச்‌ சாதுவென்று விஇக்கஜ ராணா இகளுக்கு பத்சன்கமயான நிகாமுண்பெி பதை யோ௫க்கவேண்டியிருக்கிறத. ஆகையால்‌ வ \| இறஅத்தியாயத்தில்‌ பிரமாணங்களின்‌ வரவ இ மம இ த ட விசாரிப்போம்‌. ி இரண்டாவது அத்‌ இயாயம்‌. பிரமாண ட... ள்‌. (இனன்‌ முதலத்தியாயத்‌ இல்‌ குதித்த ௬-௪௨-௨௬௭- - ௨௬ - ௩௪ ட ட்டம்‌ ௪ ௩- ர ௫02 அர ப ஆக ட அட்டு அட்ட க்தஸ பல்‌ பிரும்ம சுவரூபம்‌ அதிருசியமானதெ அம்‌, ௧௭ - ௧௮- ௨௧-௨௨-௨௩௨௩ - ௩௩ - இ௫௪- இ - ௫௭ - வஅ௮ பிரமாணங்களால்‌ அந்த ஸ்வரூபத்‌ எவ்வித சிரமப்பட்டாவ.அ, கடவுளி௨த்தில்‌ கை டி. புத்தியைப்பெற்ற ஒவ்வொருவனும்‌ முயன்று ர யவேண்டியதென்றும்‌, ௩௪ - ௩௭- ௩௯ - ௪௨ - ஈ-௪௪-௫௨-௫௩-வ.து.பி.ர மாணாங்களால்‌ அப்படி ஆ! ்‌ ஸ்வரூபத்தை பதிர்து தயானிப்பவர்களுக்குக்‌ இ டக்கத்தசக பயன்‌ இனனகன்மை யானதென்றும்‌, - ௪0-௧௧-௪௨-௧௩-௧௮-௧௫-௧௬-௪௯-௪௮-௪ ஆ- ௩- பிரமாணங்களால்‌ இவ்விசமாக சுருதியினால்வ உக்கரவாதச்தைச்‌ செலுகச்தாமல்‌, பரப்பிரும்ம ராருவர்தவிர வேறு தெய்வம்‌ உலகத்திலிருப்பதா ரவத, அல்லத ௮க்தபரப்பிரும்மததற்கு வேதத்தி குதித்திருக்கும்‌ இலிய சுவருபம்‌ தவிர இதர ஹே ரூபங்க ளிருப்பசாயாவனு மகித்துப்‌ பூஜிப்பவர்க ௧௨௮ வேகசஸமாஜ, சக்கு இன்னவித எிக்ஷை இடைக்குமென்றும்‌ ஸ்‌ (ல டமான வது ப ட. இதப்‌ பிரமாண ம்‌ ளெல்லாம்‌. இன்னின்ன காலத்தில்‌ இன்னின்னு விஷயத்தில்‌ அனுவயிக்க வெண்டியதென்டற விய வஸ்தையன் தி பிபன்‌. சார்வத்திரிகமாய்‌ 6 நத விதிகளா யிருக்கின்றன. ்‌ இவ்வாறு இருக்கி மில்‌ அர்ச்சையில்‌ பச்திசெய்பவர்கள்‌ இதையெ க ம்‌ உண்மையென்று ஒத்‌ அக்கொண்டு இ இவை ன்‌ வந்த விதிகளல்‌ ல்லவென்றும்‌, இவற்றிற்குரிய அக கள்‌. வேறென்றும்‌, சொல்லுவார்களாகையால்‌, இ வாறு அதிகாரகாரதம்மியத்தை ஏற்படுத்த ச யாருக்க வது அ௮இகாரமுண்டாவென்றும்‌ அதையேற்படுத்து க்கிரந்தங்கள்‌ எவையென்றும்‌, இவற்றின்‌ சுவரூ ள்‌ எத்தன்மையதென்றும்‌ விசாரிக்கவேண்டி௰, வ௫யகமாகிறத. அப்படிச்செய்வதில்‌ முதலில்‌ மவர்‌ அனுசரிக்கும்‌ பிமாணங்களின்‌ க்‌ ப்‌ ப்பம்‌ தைப்‌ பொ ௫வாய்விசாரித்‌துவிட்டுப பிறகு அர்த ப்பிரமாணங்களுக்கு உரித்தான கவ ரவலாகவங்க! க்ஞுறித்துப்‌ பிரஸ்தாபிப்பஅ உ௫ிதமாகவிருக்கும்‌; சாதாரணமாய்‌ நமத தேசத்திலுள்ள சீழ்சோதீ டுத்தீர்ப்புகளைக்காட்டிலும்‌ சதர்கொர்ட்டுதர்ப்பு 6 6 லானதென்றும்‌, அதைக்காட்டிலும்‌ சவரன்மெ டார்செய்யும்‌ சட்டங்கள்‌ மேலான வையென்‌ அத்தி வற்றைக்காட்டிலும்‌ பார்லயமெண்டார்செய்யும்‌/ மானங்கள்‌ உத்ருஷ்டமானவையென்றும்‌ அறிய/ வர்‌ வெகு சிலர்‌, மேலானவர்களுடைய தீர்ப்புசளு விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௨௯ சட்உங்களுக்கும்‌ விரோசமாகச்‌ சழ்ச்கோர்ட்டார்‌ ரவு ஒரு விது செய்தாலும்‌, ௮தை யாராவ அவ ௦பித்தாலும்‌, அவர்கள்‌ படும்‌ பாடு இன்ன கென்று ங்கள்‌ விலரிக்‌அச்‌ சொல்லவேண்டிய ஆவூயகமி யே. இக்க. லவ௫ூக இருஷ்டாக்தம்‌ பிரஇிருதத்து உசவாதென யாராவது மூதலெடுப்பில்‌ ட தபோதிலும்‌, சற்று யோடப்பார்களாகல்‌ அவர்க க சுவயமாப்‌ தெளிவு பிறக்குமென்பதில்‌ எவ்‌வ ம்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. மேற்குதித்த ஏற்பாடுகளுக்கு காரதம்மியல்‌ ளிருப்பதுபோலவே ஈம்மவர்‌ அனு ட்‌ ௬௫௫, ஸ்மிருகி, பாரரண, ஆகம, அசாரங்க னாள்‌ ரளும்‌ தாரகம்மியங்கள்‌ உண்டென்பதை மூ 1ல்‌-விளக்குகின்ஜோம்‌. இந்தப்‌ பிரமாணங்களுக்ளு சத ரமானம்‌, சர்வசிரோஷ்டமானதும்‌, ௪௫ )யான்றேயாம்‌. ஸ்மிருதி மற்றப்‌ பிரமாணங்களைக்‌ ட்டி லும்‌ சவுரவமானதாஇலும்‌ சுருஇக்கு விரோத கில்‌ ஆது எவ்வளவுஞ்‌ செல்லா. புராணங்களு ஒரு விதப்பிரமாணமாக நம்மவரால்‌ ஒத்துக்கொ ஈப்பட்டிருந்தபோதிலும்‌, சுருதி, ஸ்மிருதி இவ்விர டுக்கும்‌ விரோதமாயிருக்றபக்ஷத்இல்‌ அவை இரா பமல்லவென்று அவர்களே ஒத்னுக்கொள்ளுறய ரல்‌ ௮வ்விஷயத்தில்‌ நாங்கள்‌ வீண்காலம்‌ போக்‌ வண்டிய அவடயகமில்லை. ஆகமங்களைப்‌ பாமரர்‌ £ுனோபாயமாக ௮வலம்பிகத்கபோஇலும்‌ அதைப்‌ ப டி.சர்கள்‌ பிமாணமாகவே கெொள்ளவில்லை யெ ௫ க௨0 வேதஸமாஜ; ன்பதைக்குறித்து ஸ்ரீமத்‌ வேதமூர்த்தி சநுக ரியர்‌ கூத்திரபாஷியத்தில்‌ பாஞ்சராத்திர. பா இயாதுி ஆகமங்கள்‌ பிரமாணமேயல்லவென்று ஸ்‌ பித்கிருப்பதைக்குகிதீன பின்னால்‌ பிரஸ்தாமிூ படும்‌. சகடைசீயாக அசாரமானது மேற்குதித்த ௩ நா% வகைப்‌ பிரமாணங்களுக்கும்‌ விரோதமாயில்லாத மாயில்‌ ரொஹிய்‌' மாகுமேயன்திர வேறல்ல, இந்தீ தாரதம்மியல்களை காக்களே கேவலம்‌ புக்க! உண்டாகியதாக நினைக்கவேண்டாம்‌. நம்ம ப தர்கள்‌ பிரமாணங்களாக: மதித்திருக்கிற இ பரந்த ஊக்கொண்டே- இதை ஸ்‌.சாபிக்கக்கூடும்‌. ட (௬௫.3. பராசரஸ்மிருதியை அதாரமாகக்கொரு டு மாதவாசாரியர்‌ செய்திருக்கிற மாதலீயம்‌ என்‌ஐ நிபந்தனைக்‌ இரக்தத்தில்‌ 3 6 யாரானளுல்‌ வேதங்க வல்‌ விசவாசமத்தவளுயும்‌ அவற்றிற்குறிக்த த தப்த களில்‌ இரத்தையற்தவனாகவும்‌ அவற்றை பலன £ க்சாமலிருக்கிறானோ அவன்‌ பிறப்பில்‌ பிராம்மண இலும்‌ தொழிலில்‌ சண்டாளனே யாகிறான்‌; ்‌ ன்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. 1 மேற்குறித்த பிரமாணம்‌ சாதாரண நிபர்ததி சாரரால்‌ சொல்லப்பட்டபடியால்‌ அதைக்‌ இராஹீ ன்‌ யஷுஃவெடிவிபயாஹ ஈஹிடதகொ யூஐ [05 \| 5 நக்‌ 2 3 த [மாஓ- பவ அ_நரர% ஷ_.அ, வந நர ஊடாக ணொஉஷிக8.4ணா அணாஷொவெச, விண்ணப்பம்‌, கக சச்கொள்ளவேண்டி யது வசியகமிலலையெனயாரா 2 ஆக்ஷபிக்‌கும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌ மேற்படிவாக்கியம்‌ ௮ ்‌ நஇிபரந்தனைக்காரருடைய ஸ்வந்த அபிப்பிராயமா ல்லாமல்‌ இக்கலியுகத் அக்கு சர்வசிேோஷ்டமான மாணமென்றனு எல்லோராலும்‌ ஒத்துக்கொள்ள ட்டிருக்கறபராசரஸ்மிருதியின்மேல்‌ ஆதாரப்பட்‌ ஈகதென்பதைச்‌ ௪ற்௮ மனதிற்கொள்வார்களா ்‌” அவர்களுக்குத்‌ தானாப்‌ சமாதானம்வரும்‌. கி ம இகைக்காட்டிலும்‌ மேலானப்பிரமாணங்கள்‌ ௮ த மிருக்கின்றமையால்‌, இதை யெப்படிக்‌ இரஹி லும்‌ எற்கட்குப்‌ பாதகமில்லை. ௬௭.) ஸரீமக்‌ வேதஞார்க்தி சங்கராசாரியாரால்‌ ஈளிச்செய்யப்பட்ட சங்கரவிஜயமென்னும்‌ இரநத ல்‌ & “அ௪சம இதிஹாஸபுராணங்களில்‌ சொல்லி ரகு சாரம்‌ எவ்வளவவரை வேதத்துச்கொ £: தருகிறதோ அவ்வளவு வரையிலே கிராஹியமா 5ம்‌. வேதங்களுக்கு விரோதமாகில்‌ அக்கிராஹிய மயாகும்‌”” என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற௮. இது கே ம்‌ ஒருபாஷியகச்சாரரூுடைய அபிப்பிராயமே கையாலும்‌ இசரபாஷியக்காரர்கள்‌ வேறுவி ன்‌ ளூ.௰005_கிஹாஷ ௨-ுாராணொக ரவா? வெஉா.5- பகல்‌ வ தடம்‌ ரஹ்‌ு8: ஐ ற ப ஆட ம டட க வி ப்கயா ப அ. ரஹ) டது. எல்க்‌ ரு. வேசஸமாஜ தமாக அபிப்பிராயப்பட்டிருச்சலாமாகையாலு தைப்‌ பிரமாணமாகக்‌ கொள்ளவேண்டிய அவ ப யாராவது ர ௭௭. ரா. ட... ்‌ ச்தபோதிலும்‌ இன்னம்‌ பிரபலப்பிரமாணங்களை காசமாகச்கொண்டிருக்கும்‌. எங்களுக்கு. யா பாதகமுமில்லை. 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(௪௬ குல்டலூகபட்டீயத்தில ரதம்‌ எப்போ ஆக ளே பரல்பாவிரோசமானபொருள்கி : த்துகனுள அப்பதி வ. மளஹ்ர_கீள, உமாவஉ]0.ஹி.. ப5.4ள ஹூ) ம கள?.நீஷிஷி௰, உட. ஸ்ர2.௧ ்‌ ளெவடட த னை 0 அடதத (யத விண்ணப்பம்‌. ல்‌ ௧௩௯ ்‌ ளங்குின்உனவோ அப்போ௮ அவ்லிரண்டும்‌ தாம்‌ “மப்பிரமாணங்களேயாம்‌. ” என்று சொல்லியிருக்‌ றன, கடைசியாக இச்சப்பொத விசாரத்தை முடி. ்‌குமுன்‌ இசன்முதலத்தியாயக்கடை௫யில்‌ குதித்தி க்கிற ௨- ௩- ௪ - இத்தப்பிரமாணங்களையம்‌ இச குச்‌ சம்மந்தமாக ஒட்டி அலோசிக்கவேண்டியதெ எச்சரிக்கிமேம்‌. .... இனி இந்தப்பிரமாணங்களைக்‌ கனித்துவிசாறிக்‌ : த்கொடங்கையில்‌ சருதிமுழுமையும்‌எங்கள்பக்௨மா வே இருக்கிமதென்றும்‌ ; ஈமது பண்டி கர்களுக்கா ஓ ப்பிரமாணமாவஅ கிடைக்கமாட்டாசென்றும்‌ ; மூ £2லத்கியாயத்திலேயே குறிப்பிடப்‌ பட்டசல்லவா 7 .டடியமானமாயுள்ள சுருதியில்‌ அர்ச்சைக்குப்‌ பி மாணல்‌ இடையாதெள்பதை ஒத்‌ அச்சொண்டு. லு /சமாஇவிட்டபாகத்தில்‌ ஒருவேளை அதற்கு அதரர ருக்கலாமென்று அவர்கள்‌ உரைப்பார்கள்‌. இதைக்‌ தஜிதீதும்‌ முன்‌ சிலப்‌ பிரஸ்காபங்கள்‌ வகச்‌இருக்க £பாதிலும்‌ அவ்விதமான கொள்கை நியாய சாஸ்திர ப்களுக்கு ஒக்திரா தென்பதற்கு ஒரு ட விடத்தல்‌ கூறுஇரோம்‌. (௭௪.) குல்லூகபட்டீயக்தில்‌ மனுஸ்மிருஇகி ட 2௦ வ௱ஹா "விரலா. யால ந _த வெ (2) ஊண்‌ படி கு அாவஷிய2-ள, ௧௪0 வேதலமாநட்‌ பிராதான்னியம்‌ கல்பிச்கும்போது 66 லர்வ்க்யெ ர ௭ இய' மனுபட்டியமானமாயுள்ள வெதார்த்தங்க \| 65 சன்முயறிக்து.. - உலகத்தின்‌ கன்மையின்பொருட்டு! எநிபந்தனைகளைச்‌. டா என்று சொல்‌ லியிரு அ கறு... ஸ்மிரு இகளைக்‌ குதித்தோலெனில்‌ அவை "வேத க்கு. நிர்விவாசமான தாற்ந்த மாரை யாத ம்‌ பிரஇருத விஷயத்இல்‌ அவற்றைக்குதித்து ஆ பிச்சவேண்டிய ஆவ௫யசமில்லை. ஊர்பேரில்லாத ல்லரை ஸ்மிருஇகளில்‌ நம்முடையவர்கள்‌ மா படிக்கு அவர்களிஷ்டத்துக்சைந்தவாறு லே கங்களையெழு;இக்‌. கோத்துவிட்டிருச்கலாமாகிலும்‌ ௮ ரவஸ்மிருஇிகளில்‌” அர்ச்சைக்காதாரமாக ஒரு எழு த்சாவது கிடைக்கமாட்டா த. எதாவது ஸ்மிரு இப்பி ரமாணங்களிருப்பதாய்‌ நம்மபண்டி தர்கள்‌ எடுத்தி ரைப்பார்களாகில்‌ அப்போது அதைக்குறித்து யே சிப்பது உ௫ிகமாகவிருக்கும்‌, ஈம்மபண்டிதர்களுக்கு உதவத்தக்க புராணங்களி ன்‌. யோக்யெதையைக்குறித்அ ஒருபுராணம்‌ எழுதி னாலும்போதாதாகலும்‌, இக்தச்சஞ்சிகைக்கு இகை 50 ழ்‌ ஷவ.ஃ$்‌ொவள5ாூ? வ 3 லெ உ௱.3௨ வ) ௪5 பவத்‌ ப்‌ தர யொவ நில.வாறு, ்‌ தில்‌ . விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௯௧ சவரையில்‌ அதைச்சற்றுவிரிக்அு உரைச்சவேண்டி௰ி ருக்கிறது. வேசலமாஜசண்டன கத்தில்‌ கையொப்பமி ] டபலர்‌ பண்டி தப்பட்டத்தை வத்‌. அக்கொண்டவா 22, புராணங்களுக்கு ஈம்மபண்டிதர்கள்‌ வேசோப ப்‌ பிரம்மணமென்கிற பேரை அரோபிப்பார்களென்‌ இல்‌ கரங்கள்‌ இனையளவம்‌ சந்தேகிக்கவில்லை. உலக தில்‌ ஒருகஸ்தவேஜஐ-க்கு மற்றொன்‌.௨ ஈகலென்னும்‌ 2பாது ௮௫ல்‌ சந்கேகமுள்ளவர்கள்‌ அந்தசகலைத்‌ தா பப்பிரதியடன்‌ ஓப்பிட்டுப்பார்ப்பதைவிட்டு அவ்வி உயத்இல்‌ சாக்ஷி விசாரிக்சக்தொடங்கும்‌ பைத்தி .ககாரர்களஞுமுண்டோ ? பீனல்கோட்‌ அகடு வால்‌ £ராமாயணச்‌ அக்கு ககலென்று ஆயிரம்பேர்சாக்ஷி ?சால்லுவார்களாகில்‌, அர்சசாக்கியத்தை ஈம்பவே டியதோ அல்ல அவ்விரண்டையும்‌ ஓத்அப்பார்‌ த்‌ தெளியவேண்டியதகோ என்இிறவிஷயம்‌ அனை ர்க்கும்‌ தெரியுமாகையால்‌, சாக்ஷி விசாரிச்கவேண்‌ பவிஷ்ய மின்னதென்றும்‌, கம்முடைய சொர்தவி ரர.த்தினால்‌ அறி துகொள்ளவேண்டியவிஷயம்‌ இ னசென்றும்‌ சாங்கள்‌ எடுத்‌ துச்சாட்டவேண்டியத சியகமில்லை. ஆகையால்‌ பாராணங்களென்னும்‌ ்‌ ககன்‌ சுருணைகள்‌ வேதோபப்‌ பிரும்மணமென்னு பத்தில்‌, ௮வை வேதத்தில்‌ எந்த பாகத்‌ துக்னு டட அத்‌ அடன்‌ ஒப்பிட்டுப்பார்த்‌ தக தளியவேண்டியதாக விருக்சிறத, இக்தப்புராணங்‌ ஞுக்குத்தாய்ப்‌ பிரஇிபட்டியமான வேதங்களில்‌ க ௧௫௨ வேதஸமாஜ, ஈ டையாதென்றும்‌, லுப்தமாஇவிட்டபாகத்தில்‌ தானி சர்க்‌ ஆட ன மாரோம்வாதப்பா் கிதிரம்‌ நாங்களேன்‌ இவ்வளவு கண்டிப்பா யிருக்க மோமென்‌அ ஈம்மபண்டிதர்கள்‌ வெகுபரிசாபமாய்கி கேட்கலாம்‌. ஈகல்களை கோர்ட்டில்‌ கள சகது மாக அங்கேரிப்பது உண்மையே. ஆலும்‌ மூலதல்‌ தாவேஜுக்கு அதுகலென்று ரதத ப இ த ப்புக்சொள்ளுதலாலாவ, அல்லது சாக்ஷிகளாலாவ த ர௬ஜுஃவானபிறகுஅுதைசாகதியமாக அங்கேரிப்பர்‌ ர்சளேயன்றி, யாதொரு ருஜுவுமில்லாமல்‌ ல்‌ அதைத தாய்ப்பிரதியின்‌சகலென்றே; கோர்ட்டார்‌ ஸ்தாபிக்‌! மாட்டார்கள்‌. இக்தச்சந்தர்ப்பத்தில்‌ அதுகலென்ம தற்கு. சாக்ஷகியை விசாரிக்கக்கூடுமென்னு நாங்க ளொத்‌்அக்கொள்ளுகிறபடியால்‌, தங்கள்‌ சட்‌ . தைக்கொண்டு பாராணங்கள்‌ வேத ங்களுக்கு நக யென்று காங்களேனங்கேரிக்கக்கூடாதென ்‌.. ண்டி தர்களாக்ஷேபிக்கலாம்‌. வேதம்‌ அடியோ தமாகிவிட்டபக்ஷத்தில்‌ கு கும்பகோணத்தில்சாக்ஷிகெ ல்லிப்‌ பழகியஈம்மபண்டி தர்களைவிட சவரவமான௫ு ௯திகள்‌ எங்களுக்குக்கிடைட்பதருமையே. பினு விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௪௩. ுபண்டிதர்கள்‌ சேர்ந்து சூரியன்‌ மேற்கேயுதித்தகா உரைத்தாலும்‌, அதை தாம்கம்பமாட்டேோமல்லவா? ப்படி ஈம்பாமைக்கு ஹேதவென்னவெனவிசாரிக்க "வண்டியதாகற ௮. அனுமானப்பிரமாணக்தால் பாதி \| கப்‌ படாமலிருக்தகாலன்றிசாக்ஷிசெரல்‌ ஒருகாசுக்ஞு வாசென்பது நியாயசாஸ்திரசம்மதமாக விருச்சி அ. புராணதிறுச்‌ காசாரமாக சாச௯்திசொல்வோர்‌ சால்லைபாதிக்க என்ன அனுமானப்பிரமாணமிருக்‌ 9றதென்றாலோ அதைச்சற்று எச்சரிச்கிறோம்‌. ஒருக றதவேஜில்‌ கால்பங்குகிழிக்‌ அ காற்தில்போய்விடும்‌ ஆத்தில்‌, அதனுடைய வக்கணையைக்குறித்துச்‌ சொ உவோருடைய சாக்ஷியத்‌் அக்கு மீக்திருச்கும்‌ முக்கா பங்கு தஸ்கவேஜ-ப பிர.த்திய௯௨ விரோதமாக வி நக்குமாகில்‌, ௮ந்தசாக௯்ஷதிகளின்சொல்லைக்‌ இரஹிக௫ ”வண்டியதோ இயஜிக்கவேண்டியதோ ௮அதானாய்‌ மிளங்கும்‌. பட்டியமானமாயுள்ள வேதங்களில்‌ பிரு மம்‌ அதிருசியமென்றும்‌, அதைக்‌ இியானத்தினா 'ல ௮தியவேண்டியதென்றும்‌, அதனிடத்தில்‌ வேறு தக்கொள்கையைப்‌ பெற்றால்குடிமுழுகிப்‌ பேரமெ £அம்‌, மஅபடி. மறுபடி யுரைக்திருக்கையில்‌, கஷ்ட ரதிவிட்டபாகத்தில்‌ அவரைக்கல்லென்றும்‌ கட்டை யன்றும்‌, மஞ்சளென்றும்‌ சாணியென்றும்‌, சொல்‌ ியிருக்கலாமென்று அனுமானிக்கக்‌ கூடுமோ? அனு ல்‌ எனக்கு உம்மைத்தியானித்‌அ முடியவில்லையே கா ப்‌ கதியடையும்பொருட்டு கல்லாயம்‌, கட்டையா ப க௫௪ வேதஸமாஜ; ட்ட க 27 ட ஒரு ப்கிதத க்கி ்‌ ம்‌ பக்தபராதனருமென்று சொல்லப்பட்ட ஜக$ீ சுவரனானவர்‌ - அப்படியே மனமிரங்கி அருள்வ ரொன்பதில்‌ ஏன்‌ சங்கிக்க வேண்டுமென கலர்‌ க்ஷபிக்கலாம்‌. பிரும்மத்அக்குரிய அனந்த கலிய ணகுணங்களில்மாருத சுபாவமுடைமையும்‌ ஒன்ற ன எல்லோரும்‌ ஒக்‌ அக்கொண்டவிஷயம்‌, இதற்காத ரமாக அவர்களே பிரமாணமென்று கொண்டிருக்க விஷ்ஸமைபாாண வாக்கியமாகிய இதின்‌ முதல்‌அதீக யாயத்தில்குறித்த-௬ 0-வது பிரமாணமொன்றை 2 ஹரிப்பதேபோ துமானதாயிருச்கிற௮. அன்றியும்‌ அலி ரை ஆக்யொபிக்க வேஹஷொருவரும்‌ இல்லாவிடினும்‌ அ வராய்‌ வைத்துக்கொண்ட நியமங்களை அவர்‌ கடபி பாரொன்பது இதுவரை அலளம்பாவிதமாயும்‌ நம்பிக்‌ கைக கெட்டாததாயுமிருக்கற த. அவருடைய ஒரு; ள்‌ ணத்தைச்‌ காப்பாற்றுவகற்காக வேறு மார்க்கம்‌. ச்‌ ரியாமல்‌ இன்னம்‌ பிரபலமான அவருடைய நியம ங்களையம்‌ சுவரூபத்தையும்‌ மாற்றிச்சொள்வாரொனி ல்‌ அவரைச்‌ சர்வக்தியொன்னாவது சர்வ ௪க்தரொ ரவ எப்படி. சொல்லக்கூடும்‌ ? கடவளானவர்‌ ர்‌ படைப்பிலுள்ள பலவிதப்பிராணிகளுக்கும்‌ அளிக்‌ கக்கருதிய அறிவிற்கு அவரவர்மனதையே அளவாக அமைத்திருக்கிரார, அவருடைய சிருஷ்டி யிலுள்ள பொருள்கள்‌ உண்டா௫, இருக்‌ த, ௮அழிவதையும்‌, அவற்‌ ன்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌... ௪௪௫ ல்‌ ஒன்றுக்கொன்றுள்ள பரஸ்பர ௪ம்மத்தங்களையு $ அவற்றின்‌ சம்யோக வியோகக்களினா லுண்டா ஸி காரியங்களையும்‌ சண்டு கவனித்தே அவருடைய சக ரசச்இிகளையும்‌ அனக்தசல்லியாணகுணங்களை ம்‌ நாமதிசஅகொள்ளவேண்டியதேயன்றி, ௮வரு டயதிவியச வருபத்தை ஈமதுகண்களுக்னு விளச்சச்‌ .டாதெளஅமைத்திருக்கையில்‌, அவர்‌ ஈமக்களித்‌த௪ அியையும்‌ விருக்தசெய்‌அகொள்ளாமல்சோம்பி ஈம சஅசாச்தியமானவும்‌, அசம்பாவிசமானவும்‌ காரிய மன முடிச்‌ ௮, தேவரஹூயங்களையும்‌ வெளியிடவே 'டுமெனஒருபச்தர்விரும்புவாராஇல்‌ அதையும்கடவு ரமோதிப்பாரனச்கூடுமோ?அப்படியாகில்ஈம்மப “ஓ தர்களுக்கு வெகுசச்சோஷகர மான உபாயமொ எச்சரிக்கிரோம்‌. அவர்களிலாவது ட. தவர்களிலாவன யாராவதொருவராகிலும்‌ உண்‌ மயானபக்தரா யிருப்பாரொன்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை . அவர்‌ கேட்ச்காம்‌ பிரார்த்தனைகளெல்லாம்‌ கொ தாலேயல்லவா பிரும்மத்‌. துக்கு பக்தபராஇன வம்‌ இக்கும்‌. அவர்‌ தன்னைப்பிரும்மமாக்கிவி பிருமத்தைத்தனக்குளமியச்காரனாகும்படிகேட்‌ கொண்டாலும்‌, பிரும்மம்‌ அதப்பிரார்ச்சனையை கசவேண்டியதே யதல்லவா? இல்லாவிடில்‌ அவ க்சபராதினராகமாட்டாரே ? இவ்விதமாக பிரும்‌ ரகிவிட்ட பண்டிதர்‌ எல்ளைமாத்்‌இரமேயன் றி விச்‌ ட்‌ ஆராகனசதுக்கு விரோதிகளாகய அனைவ ௧௪௭ ட ப அள, அவர்கள்‌ தங்கள்‌ ரணி ் சளை நிலைகிஐத்தலாமே 1? வெகு விரைவில்‌ அவர்‌ களி ந்த உபாயத்தை அவலம்மபிப்பா ரென்பதில்‌ சந்தே மில்லை. சாம்‌ உண்மையான பக்தியுடன்‌ புத்திை ரச்‌ செலத்தி மனதைக்‌ இலேசப்படுத்திக்‌ கடவுளைத்‌ இ டியும்‌ அவலா 'அறியக்கூடாதெனில்‌, கடவுளானணி அவருடைய யதார்த்த சுவரூபத்தையே அறிந்து 4 னந்திக்கும்படி யான சக்தியை £மக்கு அளிப்பாரா$ ல்‌ அவருடைய நியமங்களுக்காவ சல்லியாணனுன ங்களுக்காவது எவ்வித பாதகமுமின்றி ஈமதகே ரிக்கையம்‌ ஸபலமாகுமல்லவா இப்படி.க்கன்றி ்‌்‌ ர்சமக்கு வேதத்தில்‌ சொல்லுவது ஒருவிதமும்‌ ந க ப்பது ஒருவிதமுமாகில்‌ கும்பகோனத்தச்சாகதிகி விஷயத்தில்‌ தமக்குள்ள ஈம்பிக்கையைக்காட்டித கடவுளின்‌ சியமங்களில்‌ ஈமக்கெப்படி அதிக கம்‌ 7 க்கையிருக்கக்கூடும்‌. இக்தகுச்சித ட. வருபத்தை விளக்கிக்காட்ட இவ்வளவு சர்ச்சை போதுமாகையாலும்‌, இத்தியாதி ச தது ராணங்கள்‌ வேதத்துக்கு உபப்பிரும்மணம்‌ என்‌; ம்‌ கக்ஷிநிலைக்காதாகையாலும்‌ இனி அதன்‌ மறி போக்யெதைகளைக்‌ குறித்து விசாரிக்கத்‌ தொ கு௫ஜோம்‌. ர வேதங்களை யார்வெளிமிட்டதாகச்‌ சொல்லப்பி \| றதோ ஆகத ருஷிசளாலே பு ராணங்களு மெழுதப்‌ _டிருக்கையில்‌, வேதங்களைப்‌ பிரமாணமாச ஒன ன்‌ காள்பவர்‌ அவர்களா லெழுதப்பட்ட புராணங்‌ ளா யேன்‌ ஓத்அக்சொள்ளக்கூடாதென்று இலர்‌ ஆ ஒஉபிச்கலாம்‌. கோர்ட்டில்‌ நியாயாதிபஇயாக உட்‌ ர்க ஒருவனை சரச்சேதம்செய்யும்படி. அக்யொ ப்பவனே தன்லீட்டி லுள்ள ஒருவேலைக்காரனை இ ன்டடி. அடிப்பானாகில்‌ அர்தக்காரியத்தைச்‌ சரி ரனதென்று யாராவ து ஒப்புக்கொள்வார்களா ? ந ம பண்டி தர்களிலொருவராகய கூஸண்ணாசாரியர்‌ (ன்ஷீபாக விருக்து ஒருவனுடைய ௪கல சொத்தை செல்லுமாகிலும்‌, அவரே தோர்ட்டைவிட்டுவெ 5.௮ அயலாருக்‌ கெழுதிக்கொடுப்பாராகில்‌, ௮வ அூகொரமில்லாமல்‌ தப்பு சஸ்கவேஜஐ-ப எழுகினகா \| டீனல்கோட்‌ 'இகஃடின்படி ௮வரை மண்ணுக்கு (போடமாட்டார்களா ? ஆகையால்‌ ஒருவரோ இர 'டிகாரியங்களைச்‌ செய்த போதிலும்‌ அவற்றில்‌ ஓ ன்‌ செல்லுபடி யுள்ளதாயும்‌ மற்றொன்று செல்லு ௨ யற்றதாயு மிருப்பது ஆச்சரியமல்ல, வேசமு இக்த ருவஷிகருடைய ஸ்வசல்பனையென்னும்‌ பக்ஷ 9ல்‌ அதையும்‌ அர்கப்‌ புராணங்களைப்போலவே ம தகும்படி யிருக்கும்‌. நமக்கு நம்முடைய உபாதஇ ட சந்தை சொல்லிக்‌ கொடுக்கிற மாதிரியாகவே க: மற்மொருவனுக்குாக்‌ தீர்ப்புசெய் து விட்டாலு. யில்வசது அண்டை லீட்டுச்சாரன்‌ கொச்தையெ ௧௪௮ வேதஸமாஜ்‌, அந்தச்ச ருஷி அவரவருடைய சிஷியருக்கு, முன்‌ ] ந்த வேதத்தைச்‌ சந்தைசொல்லி வெளியான தாகவி ங்குறதேயன்றி, அவர்களுடைய வகல்பினை உதி று சொல்வோர்‌ ஒருவருமில்லையல்லவா ! புராணகி ளோ வெனில்‌ வேதார்த்தங்களை வ த்த த ளியாக்கும்‌ பொருட்டு அர்சருஷிசளாலே அனேக த வகல்பனைகளோடு. இணைத்துச்‌ ட்ட அத அனைவரும்‌ ஒப்புக்கொள்வார்க ளல்லவா? இதெ க மெப்படி யிருக்க போதிலும்‌ ஈம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ மாணங்களாக ஒச்அக்கொள்ளும்‌ இரந்தங்களினா பாரரணங்கள்‌ சருகு ஸ்மிருஇகளுக்குத்‌ க... யென்று ஏற்படுகிறதல்லவா 1 அந்தப்‌ பிரச்ரண்க அது தல்களேற்பட்டகாஷத்தில்‌ஒருவேளைபுசாணங்களையி கவுணப்பிரமாணங்களாகவாவது ஒப்புக்கொள்ளக்‌ டுமாலும்‌, பிரஇருதத்தில்‌ அவைப்‌ பிரமாணங்கே யபாகமாட்டா தென்பதற்குள்ள இரண்டொரு ஹே! க்களைக்கூதி இர்த பாகத்தை முடிப்போம்‌. 3 ஈமஅசேசத்தில்‌ ஒருவர்புதிதாய்‌ ஒரு ஏற்பர்‌ டைச்‌ செய்யும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌ அதற்கு கு சவரவக்தைக்‌ 24 பிச்கூம்பொருட்டுப்‌ புதிதாய்‌ ஒரு பராணத்தை ண்டுபண்ணுவதும்‌, அவ்வளவுக்குச்‌ சக்‌இியில்லாதலி கள்‌ சல சுலோகங்களையாவது பழையபுராணங்க ல்‌ கோத்துவியெதும்‌ வெகுகாளாய்‌ ஈடச்‌ அவரும்‌ ஷ்டாசாரமென்னு அனைவருக்கும்‌ தெரிச்‌ இருக்கும்‌] தையறியாதவர்‌ யாராவதண்டெனில்‌ அவர்பொரும விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௫௯ 6 இவலிடத்‌இல்‌. சற்றுவிவரிக்கி ிஜோம்‌,. துதியில்‌ அஷ்‌ ரள்ஞ௫ ரூர்கள்‌. பிறகு இ சிலபுராணங்கள்‌ ஏற்பட \| அவற்றிற்கு கவுரவத்தை. யாரோபிக்கும்பொரு உபபுராணங்கள்‌ பதினெட்டென்று பேர்கூறினா ர்‌. இவ்வா சுமார்‌. ஆயிரம்‌ வருஷச்துக்கு மூன்‌ 2 -,௩௭௬- புராணங்களைக்காட்டிலும்‌ அ.இகமில்லா -அம்‌, பிர கிருகத்இல்‌- ௩௬௦௦0 0-புசாணமிருக்கிற னருலும்‌ குறைவாகவேமுடியும்‌, நம்மதேசக்தில்‌ 'ள புராணங்கள்‌ இத்கனையென்று நம்ம பண்டிதர்‌ யம்‌ வெருமதியைக்‌. கொடுக்க 2 காங்கள்‌ இத்சமாயி ரல்‌ பொருளைப்‌ படைத்தவர்‌ அதைச்‌ செலவழிக்க ஈல்லமார்க்கம்‌ தெரியாமல்‌ கோயில்களைச்சட்‌ அப்பொருள்களை விழலுச்கிசைப்பஅமன்‌ றி, அக்‌ காயில்கஞக்கு ஒரு மஹிமையைக்‌ சல்பிக்கும்‌ £.ரட்டு, வயி௮வளர்க்கும்கிமித்தம்‌ தங்களைச்‌அத்றி ரண்டிருக்கும்‌. பண்டி தர்சகளைச்கொண்டு புராண ன்௮ பேர்வைச்து ஒரு புதியக்‌ ரெர்தத்தையெழு வப்பதும்‌, அர்தப்பண்டி கர்கள்‌ வருணனும்‌ பிருகு தீர்ச்சகயாத்திரைபோகும்போ மார்க்கத்தில்‌ * /லத்கைக்கண்டுபிருகு௮்‌.த ஸ்கலத்தின்‌ மாஹாச்மி ்‌ி எக்கன்மையசென்றுகேட்ச, பூர்வத்தில்‌ பிரும்‌ ட பசாணங்கள்‌ ஏத்பட்டதாக அனைவரும்‌ ஒதிலுக்‌ கணக்கிட்டுச்‌ சொல்வார்களாகில்‌ அவர்கள்‌ விரு. கிமேம்‌, இக்‌ சனைபுராணங்கள்‌, வக்சவஜியை விசா சால்‌. வெகு விே ஷனேதமாகவிருச்கும்‌. அதஇிருஷ்டவ௪ : “அலமக்கன்த கபட அன்டன்‌ வணக்கம்‌ அ்டட ம ட பவககவெய்டமு ௧௫௦ வேதஸமாஜ, மா உக்கரதபசுசெய்து அளவிறந்தயாகங்கள்‌ செய்‌ தன்மேல்‌, விஷ்ணு அவ்விடத்தில்‌அவருக்குப்‌ பிரதி] ஆஷூமானதாசத்தொடல்‌9, வருணனுரைத்தாரென்‌ டைகத்சவரையில்‌ பனளையோலைகளைவாரி புஸ்தகம்‌ முஇிரெல்லுப்பானையில்புமுக்கிவைப்பதும்‌, யாரு வது ப. தமையாய்த்தோன்‌௮ம்பக்ஷத்தில்‌ அதற்கு உகசாரணம்கூறுவோம்‌. செல்கல்ப்பட்டுக்குச்‌ சமீ தில்பிரஇருதத்இல்‌ வரதராமாைபுரம்‌ என்னும்‌ பப்பெயரைப்பெற்ற வன்பாக்கத்தில்‌ ்‌ இருப அவரு) இற்குமுன்‌ அவ்ஷராரில்சி லெர்பக்‌இரஸப்பெருக்க! ்‌ வ்லிடத்தில்‌ ஒரு தேவாலயப்‌ பிரதிஷ்டைசெய்‌ ள்‌ தை பண்ணியஸ்தல மாக்கியஅமனதி, இரு ந வள்ளூ விக்கும்‌ ஒருப்ண்டி தரைக்கொண்டு ஸ்தலபுராக எழுஇிவைத்‌இருக்கருொரொன்பதை அவ்வூராரில்‌ ம்‌ மறுக்சமாட்டார்களென்று நம்புகிறோம்‌. இம்மாதிரியாகவே ஒல்வொரு ஸ்தலத்துக்கும்‌ ட ணங்களேற்படவே உலகத்திலுள்ள உயிர்களை % ணச்கூமோகலும்‌ இந்தப்‌ புராணங்களை எண்ணிட யாத. பழயபுராணங்களில்‌ புதயவாக்கயெங்க$ 'கோப்பதற்கு இன்னது இருஷ்டாக்தமென்று ்‌ சளெடுத்‌ அரைக்கவேண்டியதில்லை. எவரெவரு ந்தபுராணமிஷ்டமோ ௮தை யெடுத்துக்கொண் ரண்டுமணிகாலம்‌ சோம்பலைகிட்டு சுலோகங்க? ண ச்டுவார்களாூல்‌, இப்படி யேற்படும்மொதீ ன ஸ்‌ ட்‌ னது அதன்சலைப்பில்‌ போட்டிருக்கும்‌ இரக்‌ ச்ச 6 (2 ட்ரூ பக்‌ க - விண்ணப்பம்‌. “ கடக ஈக்காட்டிலும்‌ அதமப௯௨ம்‌ அயிரம்கிரக்தம்‌ ன ருப்பதாய்யேற்படும்‌, இதற்குகாரணமாக பிரகிரு இல்‌ ல௮ச்சிடப்பட்டி ருக்கும்வால்‌ ன்‌ கொள்வோம்‌. அனேசக்கரர்சற்களை ஒன்‌ ஆடனொ ௮ஒப்பிட்டுப்பரிசோதித்‌. த, நூசனமாய்வக்தேறிய லாகங்களைக்‌ சித்‌ தவிட்டு, அச்சிட்டசாய்‌ அகன்‌ வகாரிகையில்‌ சொல்லியிருச்சிற ௮, இராமாயணம்‌ கல்‌ ஆறுகாண்டத்தில்‌ இருபஅனாயிரங்‌ இரச்தங்களு உககரகாண்டத்தில்‌ ஈரலாயிரம்கிரக்தங்களும்‌, ஆ ஸப்தகாண்டங்களிலும்‌ இருபத்திசாலாயிரம்‌ இரக்‌ எகளடவ்கியிருப்பதாக, இராமாயணசக்இன்‌ பேரை ந்தபேர்சளுக்கெல்லாம்‌ தெரியமாகையால்‌, இதை தித்த சாக்திவிசாரிக்கவேண்டிய அவசியமில்லை, -௨௦0௦0௦:0௦-இரரதத்துக்குப்பதிலாக - ௨ 0௨௭௩.௫- லாகங்களிருப்பசாக அறிவார்கள்‌. ௩௨-எழுதிதுக்‌ டங்கிய அனுஷ்டுபு சுலோகம்‌ ஒன்றே ஒரு இரகம்‌ ரகும்‌, ஒவ்வொருஸருக்எத்தின்முடி.விலும்‌ அனுஷ்‌ சுலோகத்கைக்காட்டிலும்‌ பெரிதான விருத்தங்‌ வெருவாய்‌ வருகின்‌ மையால்‌, அவற்றிற்கு கிர ககணக்கிட்டுப்பார்ப்போமாடில்‌ அதில்‌ வாஸ்தவ யிருக்கவேண்டியகைக்‌ காட்டிலும்‌ அகமபக்ஷம்‌, 0௦ - சுலோகங்களுக்கு அதிகமிருப்பதாய்‌ ஏற்‌ ம்‌. இந்த ௮அதஇிகசலோகங்கள்‌ எப்போது யாரால்‌ ன பாக ச்‌ கோகச்கப்பட்டனவேோ ௮.௫. விலா \| \| , ர்‌ ல்‌ முதல்‌ அறு காண்டங்களைக்‌ : கணக்கிடுவோர்க : - ௧௫௨... ன வேதஸமாஜ ்சாலிடிலும்‌, ஆலக்‌: சேர்ச்‌ இருப்பதில்‌ த்தது நிக லையே புரர்ணங்களைப்‌ பிரமாணமாகக்‌ கொள்ள ண்டியதாகிலும்‌ இவ்வாறு அவற்றில்‌. புதிதாய்க்‌ க௪ப்பட்ட பாக்கள்‌ கதவுப்‌ பிரமாணமாகக்‌ ள்ள்வேண்டி௰ அவசி தயகமுண்டோ ஆப்படி 'லெனில்‌ ௮.இல்‌ புதிதாய்‌ சேர்ந்த சுலோகங்களில்‌ தென்று இறிக்னு அவற்றைக்‌ சழிக்கு சம்வரையில்‌ ௮ குப்‌ புராணத்தினின்னபாகம்‌ பூர்வத்தி. லிருந்த ர) ஏற்படமாட்டாதாகையால்‌, அது முழுமையும்‌ ரமாணமல ல்லவென்றே... கதத னப அ ன்‌. மாகலிரக்கி றதல்லவா. ர்‌ ட்‌ ன்‌. ப ப்கசகப்புசாணல்களில்கொல்லிகிருக்கம்‌ லி யப்ங்களை யோ௫ித்தாலும்‌ அவற்றின்‌ சவுரவம்தா ல்‌ விளங்கும்‌. பாத்மபுராணமென்பஅ சவ ரவமான ] ணங்களி லொன்றென அனைவரும்‌. ஒத்தக்கொள்க ர்கள்‌. அந்தபுராணம்‌ முழுமையும்‌ ஒருவரே எழு யிரு்தபோதிலும்‌ அதின்‌ பூர்வபாகத்தை வைவ்‌ வர்களும்‌, உத்தரபாகத்தைச்‌ சைவர்களும்‌ பிரமா மே. யல்லவென்று ஒ௮க்கவிடஇருூர்கள்‌. அ.தற்குே எவில்லாமற்போகவில்லை. அவரவர்களுக்கு. ௮6 ல மானதைப்‌ பிரமாணமாகவும்‌, பிரஇிகூலி தை அப்பிரமாணமாகவும்‌, கொள்ளுறொர்களெ ௮ அதிலுள்ள விஷயங்களை யெடுத்அரைக்குகங்கி நிதர்சனமாகும்‌,. ஆகிலும்‌ சக்ஷியாவேசத்துக்கு டிமையாகிவிட்ட இவர்கள்‌ யுக்தப்‌ பிரமாணங்க தவா விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௫௩ காண்டு விஷயசஞ்சாரம்‌ செய்யாமல்‌ சுவப்பிர பாஜனக்தையே உரைசல்லாகக்‌ கொண்டார்களெ பதைச்‌ சற்று கவனிப்போர்களுக்கு இவர்களுடை அபிப்பிராயம்‌ எவ்வளவு கவரவத்துககுப்‌ பாத்தி ாகுமோ ௮௮௫ பிரயாசமின்றி விளங்கும்‌. வேரு சாயத்தையேற்காத வெள்ளைக்கண்ணாடி மூலமா பார்க்கப்படும்‌ பண்டங்கள்‌ அவற்றின்‌ இயற்கை ன வாணங்களுடன்‌ விளங்குமாகிலும்‌ டா மாகிய சாயத்கை யேற்றிருக்கும்‌ ண்ணு ட்பின்‌ லமாய்ப்‌ பார்க்கும்போது ௪கல பதார்த்தங்களும்‌ நகத்‌ அரபிமானங்களின்‌ சாயத்தகச்கிசைந்தபடி ப ஐசயாயும்‌, செகப்பாயும்‌, கறுப்பாயம்‌ தோன்று ாலன்தி இதைப்படிக்கும்‌ புத்திமான்கள்‌ எவ்களு க௯கியிலும்‌ பற்றற்று இதிலுதஹரிக்கப்படும்பிர ணங்களை யோடப்பார்களாகில்‌ இவ்விஷயத்தில்‌ ர்கள்செய்யும்‌ சித்தாரகம்‌ இன்னகன்மையதா பி $குமென்பதில்‌ எங்களுக்கு ஈஷத்தேனும்‌ சந்தே ௪௮) பாத்ம பூர்வத்தில்‌ ர “லிஷ்ணுவைக்காண்‌ தினாலே சிவத்துரோகமுண்டாமும்‌, சிவதீதுரோ ப ்கஷலே! வெகு ர ரா பபப டட பப ததை கரை னானைப்‌ ஆ விஷ_ஃ௩. (0.3. 30.௧ ண ப்ரிவலெ., ஹூ ஜாயூ.௪, பமிவெ_ா.ஹா_2 ன னை டசி த ல்ல ்‌ உலவா ? ஆகையால்‌ மேற்குறித்த பெரியோர்களைப்‌” மதப்‌ ப்ல்டட ்‌ ட்ட அவவாமஹ்கு தத்த ்ட தன்ட ப பம்‌ ல்‌, ர்வ கதக்‌ நத ம ண்ல்க கள க்‌ ௧௫௪ வேதகஸமாஜ, இல்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. ஆகையால்‌. விஷ்ணுவின்பெ ரைக்கூட ஒருக்காலும்‌ உச்சரிச்கவேகூடாது ன்‌.௮ சொல்லியிருக்க ௮. ப இவ்வாறுசொன்னவரோ இதற்கு கேர்விரோதம வேஷொரு இடத்தில்‌ சொல்லிமிருக்கறொரொன்றால்‌ ங்கள்‌ எளிதில்‌ நம்பமாட்டீர்கள்‌. அக்தசக்கிரத்‌ கா இச்சாலத்தில்‌ உயிர்வாழ்க்‌இருப்பாரனில்‌. எல்சோட்டுப்படிக்கு பொய்‌ சத்தியத்துக்கு சிகை ட சட சொல்ல லவேண்டியிருக்கும்‌.. இ ப்படியிருக்கனும்‌ அவரவர்‌ கையிலிருக்கும்‌ . ப்ர பரராணத்தை யெடுத்அப்பார்ததால்‌ எங்கள்‌ பேச ஓண்மைக்கு அதுவே சாக்ஷிசொல்லும்‌. அப்பி 1 “ரோதமாக என்ன சொல்லப்பட்டிருக்கிற தெ லோ. அதைச்‌ சற்று எச்சரிக்கிறோம்‌. ௮ ட்‌ டல்‌ 3 66 ட ்‌ இ . “க்காட்டிலும்‌ ரத பத தெய்கம்‌ ர: ட ப்பதாகச்‌ சொல்லுகிரார்களோ அவர்களே பா ட கஉாவ_ந, ச பெச.5) நெ. வு வ௱தெ_ந வன ஜா நசொ.ஹி.தகா? - நாராயணா ஜ.௫. நாய கூ சி ஜீ ௫ னி , ர 0 _நா[ .கடுவெ வாஷணி.ஈஹ ரசா யஷடடரா[8 விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௧௫௫ ஸண்டிகளென்பவர்‌. யாரானால்‌ பிரும்மருத்திராதி இதரதேவகைகளுக்குச்‌ சமமாய்‌ காராயணனை ம இக்கிரானோ அவனெப்போதும்‌ பாஷண்டியாவா ன்‌. இதைக்குதிதீது. விசேஷித்தச்‌ கொல்லிப்பப ப டாண்கட்‌ அம்‌ தி னென்ன? வைஷ்ணவமதத்தை அவலம்பிக்காதவா ராம்மணர்களா.. மிருந்தபோதிலும்‌ ஒருக்கா ப௫௮ங்உடாத, அவர்களைப்பார்க்கவங்கூடாது 7 று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. 'இம்மாதிரியானவாக்வயெங்களை சமரஸப்படுகஇ மு பரமையினால்கான சமந்தான்‌ தலையடன்‌ வட்‌ ஒருபாகக்கசை வைஷ்ணவர்களும்‌ . மற்னொன்றை மார்த்தகர்களாம்‌ தள்ளிவிட்டார்கள்‌. வருவன்‌ ஒரு வயத்தில்‌ பொய்யுரைத்தால்‌ அவன்‌ சா௬தியம் ம மையும்‌ பொய்யென்றே நிச்சிரஹ்க்கப்படவேண்‌் தென்று, சாமானியலிதி நியாயசாஸ்‌ இரங்களி ஏற்பட்டிருக்கிற, ஒருவன்‌ ஒருபொய்‌ உரைக்‌ ரத்திர.த்தில்‌ அவனாயஹில்‌ தத்த டவல்‌ டு ஜெ.வ உ அ! மர ரலி டெ வல ஷ்‌ ௮) சிய கெட சவ. பாஷணீ லவெ_க . கி5த,-ப.ஹ -5காகெ ந .ஹணாயெ 9 வெவெஷ வா? நஹஷ_ வ) ஈ.ந வதவாாடச 7 ரஷ வா? கஉ£௮வ_ந, \| ௫. ௫. ௬ ்‌்‌ ௪ ௬. ௬. ௬. ம லும்‌ அவர்களைச்‌ கண்டவங்கூடாது, அவர்களுடன்‌ ௧௫௭ வேதஸமாஜ, க்கலில்லையென்று கொள்ளவேண்டுமென்பதல்ல ந்தவிஇியின்கருத்து. நாம்மிதக்யொளாயும்‌ மிதசகத ளாயு மிருக்கன்றமையால்‌ ஒருதடவை பொய்ய ன்று ஏற்பட்டவன்சொற்கள்‌ மெய்யென்பதற்கு நி ஸஈ்தேகமானவும்‌ ௮அபாதிதமானவும்‌ நிதர்சனம்‌ யாதவரையில்‌ ௮இல்‌ ஒருபாகத்தை மெய்யென்று ரஹித்து -மோசம்போவதைவிட அறு முழுயை யு பொய்யென்று இயஜிப்பது உத்தமமென்பதே ன்‌ உண்மையான கருத்தாகும்‌. மேற்காகித்ச இ டுபிரமாணங்கள்‌ ஒன்றுக்கொன்று பிரத்‌.திய௯ஷ ரோதமாக விருக்கன்றமையால்‌ அவற்றில்‌ ஒன்‌ பிசலாமிருக்கவேண்டுமென்ப௫ சத்சம்‌. இன்ன சகு இன்னஅசரியென்று ஏற்படுயவரையில்‌. ம்‌ குருட்டுத்தனமாய்‌ இரண்டிலொன்றை அவலம்‌ தால்‌. அதபிசகாயிருக்கும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ பிரபலமா தோஷம்‌ கேரிடலாமாகையால்‌ அவ்விரண்டை ப. இைரிக்சாமையே. ஈலமல்லவா என்னால்‌, அவர்‌ அ்லொன்னேலும்‌ ஈம்பிககைச்னுப்‌ பரத ரமன தி ன்று ஏற்படுஇறதல்லவா ? இவர்சொல்‌ ன்‌ அனு இரச்தான்‌ இத்தன்மையானகென்று ொஹிக்கவே டாம்‌. இதை ஸ்தாபிக்கத்தக்கப்‌ பிரமாணங்கள்‌ ந்த மெடுத்துரைக்கக்கூடுமாகலும்‌ இரண்டொன்‌ மாத்திரம்‌: இவ்விடத்து லுதஹரிக்து இர்சபாக த்‌ முடிக்கிறோம்‌. ்‌ ச (௮0௦) புராணங்களை அசாரமாசச்கொண்டு \| விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௫௪ ; சப்தகல்பத் தருமம்‌ என்னும்‌ இரந்தத்தில்‌ எ தனால்‌ சங்கரன்‌ சந்தோஷமடைகி மனோ ௮ ப்படிப்பட்ட பில்வமானது ஸகல விருப்பங்களை பக்தரும்‌, வறுமையையும்கொல்லும்‌, அதைவிடகுி ரஷ்‌டமான பொருள்‌ உலகத்தில்யாகொன்று மி ற்லை ்‌? என்னு சொல்லியிருக்கிற. ௮௧) பாதமபுரரணத்தில்‌ 1 : வரசுதேவனை விட்‌ ி இதரதேவதையை எவனுபாசிக்கிரமுனோ அவன்‌ ராஹத்‌தினால்‌ பாதிக்கப்பட்டு கங்கைக்கரையில்‌ கி ததத மூட்டாளுக்கொப்பாவான்‌ ”' என்று ர :ரல்லியிருக்கிற ௮. 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பிரசிருதத்‌ இ நம்ம பண்டி தர்களில்‌ ஒருவருக்கொருவர்‌ விசோர்‌ தை புண்டாக்கவேண்டியனு. எங்கள்‌ கருத்தல்‌5 னும்‌, அவர்கள்‌ பேருக்கு 5ஃ்‌ கொஞ்சம்‌ கழித்‌ ்‌ டபிறகு முடிவில்‌ அவர்களூக்செல்லாம்‌ பொ.தவ்‌ தேதிநிற்கும்‌ புராணப்‌ பிரமாணமின்னவை 6 தயைசெய்தெடுத்அரைப்பாராகில்‌ அப்போது ஃ்குகித்சதயோ௫ித்‌அக்கொள்ளலாம்‌."அவரவருல சுவாசாரத்அக்கும்‌ ஆசாரிய சம்பிரதாயத்த இசையவில்லை யென்கிற ஹேதவைப்பற்தியே ஸங்களென்று சல புராணங்களை யொதுக்காவ ளர்இல்‌, சுருக்குப்‌ பிரத்தியக்ஷ விரோதமென் ஹே அவின்மேல்‌ மற்றதையும்‌ நாங்கள்‌ தள்ளிவிட சற்கு என்னபாதகஞ்‌ சொல்லக்கூடும்‌. ரீ ௮அஷ்டாத௫௪ புராணங்களுக்குள்‌; மச்சிய, கூர்ம, யிங்க சைவ, ஸ்காந்த, ஆக்னேய புராணங்கள்‌ த சமானவையென்றும்‌, விஷ்ணு, நரரதியூ பாக கருட, பாதிம; வ ராஹ்‌, புராணங்கள்‌ சாத்விகம்‌! வையென்றும்‌, பிரும்மாண்ட), பிரும்மவைவர்த்தி, ர்க்கண்டேய, பலிஷிய, வாமன,பிரம்ம புராண ராஜஸமானவையென்றும்‌, வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ ௮ ஸ்தை யேற்படுத்தியிருக்கிறார்கள்‌. ல்மிருஇகளித வஹிஷ்ட, ஹாரீத, வியாஸ, பராசர, பரத்துவாஜ யப ஸ்மிருஇிகளை_ சாத்விசமானவையென்றும்‌, ! ள்‌ க்கியவல்கெய, அத்‌இரி, இத்திரி, ௧௯%, சாத்திய ட விண்ணப்பம்‌, - கன்ட , விஷ்ணு ஸ்மிருதிகளை, சாதஸமானவையென்அம்‌; ப தமிபிரஹஸ்பதி, ஸ்ம்வா்த்த, பம்‌, ௪ல்௪, உசான, மிருதிகள்‌ தாமஸமான்வையென்தும்‌ ; வைஷ்ணவ க்‌ கொண்டி ருப்பதமன்தி “வளாத்இச் சொல்‌ ஆ பயனென்ன, புராணங்களிலும்‌ ஸ்மிருதஇக /-லும்‌ தாமசமானவை ரகம்‌ விளைக்கும்‌ ; கை சால்‌ செரிச்சவர்கள்‌ அவற்றைநிக்கவேண்டிய. ௮. ஒரு எலோகத்தையும்‌, இவர்களுக்குச்‌ சகாய க பாத்மோத்தரததில்‌ அழைத்‌ தவிட்டிருக்கிளூர்‌ ர்‌, இந்த கலியுகத்தைக்‌ காட்டிலும்‌, ௪சல விதத்‌ லும்‌ மேலானவை யென்று அனைவராலும்‌ ஓக்‌ ககொள்ளப்பட்ட இரே.காடிகத்‌ அக்கம்‌, அலவாப [/கதீதுக்கும்‌, முக்கிய பிரமாணங்களாகிய, கவத மிருதியும்‌, சங்கஸ்மிருதியும்‌ சாமஸமர்னவையெ ல்‌ ஏற்படுகிறபடியாலும்‌, அவ்விரண்டு யகவங்க ள்ளவர்களெல்லாம்‌ அக்தஸ்மிரு தசளையே முக்‌ ப்‌ பிரமாணங்களாக அனுஷ்டி ச்‌ ௮அவர்தபடியாலு அவர்களனைவரும்‌ ஈரகத்திற்கே சென்ரார்களெ மேற்சண்ட சுலோகத்தினலே தெரிகிறசல்ல ்‌ ௮ன்றியும்‌ பல்தாள மடமொன்‌அதவிர பர்தக டத்தின்‌ மற்ற பாகங்களிலெல்லாம்‌ ஸர்வோக்க க கி9.௪, ப. ஹ_0நொாதெ.ு உ௨டடமராணெ ப ஹ.கிஷ ௨), _தாஷேோ _நறகாயெவவ /யெ.தா.தி அண, வறன்‌ அ வவவ்ட்ப்க டயம்‌ ம்‌ ப திம யது கதித்த ட டட பட்ட தபம்‌ அகலத்து ௧௭௪ வேதஸமாஜ, ருஷ்டமான தாகவழங்கிவரும்‌ விக்கியானே அவரியம்‌ அல்ல மிதாக்ஷிரி யென்னும்‌ நிபந்தனைக்கரந்தத துக்கு அதாரமாகய யாக்கெவல்கிய ஸ்மிருதிதை யும்‌, காத்தியாயன ஸ்மிருதியையம்‌ ராஜஸமான வையென்று ஒறக்கிவிட்டார்கள்‌. இவைகளெல்லற இரயோடி இக்கையில்‌ வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ செய்த பொ சுருட்டுக்களுக்கு இசையவில்லையென இவற்றையெ லாம்‌ சாமஸமானவையென்று ஒ.துக்‌வைத்தாற்‌ ளெொனவிளங்கும்‌. இவ்விதமானசங்கரஹ விசாரதி னாலே புராணங்களின்‌ யோக்கயெகைகானாய்‌ லிஸ்‌ னெ தமையால்‌இனிஅதில்கீண்பொழுன போக்கர்‌ ல்‌ ஆகமங்களின்சுவரூபத்தைச்சற்று விசாரிப்போம்‌ ஆகமங்கள்‌ என்பவை கேவலம்‌ ஜிவனோபாயம க ஈலீனமான பிராம்மணர்களால்‌ டது என்பதற்கு ஒரு நிதர்சனம்‌. கூறுகிறோம்‌. உண்ட 0 யாகவே ஸ்மிருதகளையொத்த பூர்வீகக்‌ இரக்தக ங்கை ராஜஸ தாமஸங்களென்று ஒஅக்ெபோதிலும்‌. ்‌ ற்றை உண்மையானவையென்றே அனைவரும்‌ ஒக்‌ க்கொள்வார்கள்‌. இவ்வாசமங்களோவெனில்‌ வத்‌ லெ ட டர அனுஷ்டி க்கும்‌, திலர்த லி. ம வர்கள்‌ அதை ஒரு டவப்பி ரன ௮ அதி ரஹிக்கமாட்டார்கள்‌. பிரஇிருதத்தில்‌ ஒருவேளைக ௯நியாவேசத்தினால்‌ வேறுவிதமாக நம்மவர்‌ வாதி லாமாகையால்‌ பண்டாரஆகமத்தையும்‌ அவர்கள்டீ மாணமாய்க்‌ கொள்ளுகிருர்களாவென்று கேட்க ்‌ ன்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௧௭௬௫ [டியதாஜறெத, இவர்கள்‌ பண்டார ஆகமத்தை ஒப்‌ ரதவரையில்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பாஞ்சராத்திரபாசுபத்தியா களை ஒப்பமாட்டார்களென்ப. தெளிவாயிருக்கற . ஸ்ரீமத்‌. வேதமூர்த்தி சங்கராசாரியர்‌ ௮வரு டய யோச்கியதைக்கு இசைச்சவாறு நிஷ்பக்ஷபா மாய்‌ பாஞ்சராத்திரம்‌ பட அன இவ்விரண்டை ௦ பிரமாணமல்லவென்று: ஓது ககிவைத்திருக்கையி .ரமானுஜாசாரியர்‌ அவற்றுள்‌ பாஞ்சராத்‌இரத்தை தீதரம்‌ பிரமாணமென்று ஸ்காபித்சதாய்‌ எண்பி நிருக்இமுர்‌, சுருதிஸ்மிருஇகள்‌ ஹிக்‌ அச்சளனைவரு 2ம்‌ பொதுவானப்பிரமாணங்களாக விருக்கையில்‌ மங்கள்‌ அவற்றை தயைசெய்௫ ஒப்புக்கொண்ட கள்‌ விஷயத்தில்மாத்திரம்‌ பிமாணங்களாக வ ப வருற௮, இக்த ஆகமங்களுள்‌ ஒன்றின்‌ யோக்‌ தையைத்‌. தீரவிசாரித்துச்சாட்டுவதினால்‌ மற்ற களின்‌ கன்மை தானாப்‌ விளங்குமாகையால்‌ கா எ வவாலே செய்ய நிச்சயித்தோம்‌. பாஞ்சராத்‌ த்தை பிரகிருதத்திலுள்ள வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ ௧ பாவேசத்தால்‌ பசவத்சாஸ்திரமென்று கூறத்து ந்தபோதிலும்‌ அதை மூடிஈ்சவர்களின்‌ அசை ளவசாரஞ்‌ செல்லவில்லை: அதை ஒருரிஷிசெய்த ப்‌ எண்பித்தலேபோதுமென்றெண்ணி அவர்கள்‌ ௮ தியை சாரதர்தலையில்‌ சட்டிவைச்கதலமன்தி ௮௮ ரதாரமாக ஒரு எலோசக்தையும்‌ பாகவதத்தி அமைக்திருக்கிருர்கள்‌. பாகவதம்‌ முதல்‌ ஸ்கம ௧௬௪௭ சே.தஸமாஜ, ்‌ தம்‌ -௩- வது அத்தியாயததில்‌ * மூன்றாவதாக 66 தேவர்ஷித்வத்தை அவரடைந்து. கர்மக்சளெ லாம்‌: நிஷ்கர்மியமாகும்படிய ஈசு சாத்துவிக ட்‌ (பப பாஞ்சராத்திரத்தைச்‌ செய்தார்‌.” என்னு கெ ல்லி. யிருக்கிறஅ. இதற்கு ஸ்ரீதரர்செய்திருக்கிற. பாச்யொனத்தில்‌ % “முனனுாவது என்ப.திஞலே ரதாவ. தாரத்தைச்‌ சொன்னார்‌. வதி 6 ஹ.ம. 66 தையடைக்னு ல்ல - செவஷி_௯. த்தை யடை ்‌ ஷஹாகூிகமான ௪ வைஷய/-௧௦_௧.௦ லட பரா.ஆர ம அ அட ்‌ பெர்ர௬ு௮ ள்செய்திருக்கித௮. இதத பாஞ்சராத்கிர ரத்த குஒரு பவனா க பப வர ரியற்தியகாக ஏற்படுத்தியதுமன்றதி ௮சதகாரதை ட அவதாரங்களில்‌ ஒருவரொன அந்த ட்‌. ஆ. 3 ஆர. _திய/௦ விவா 2.30 வவெ வ! ௯௦ உவெ_ச) ௨9, ௧௦௦ ஹாகூ அரவ இஇது மஷ$£-3)௦ கணா யத, ்‌ ] ஆ அராடவசாறகாஹ தி, சிய? அ: வ்‌ ஷ..48உபவெ..க)) அதரவு) ெவஷி.க 3 வெ) அ) 00-16. ஹா தட 5 வெல கனு ௦ அ போது ரக ரஐ3 ஞூவஷ - ம்‌ வால. விண்ணப்பம்‌. ' ௭ தில்‌ எழுஇவிட்டிருக்கன்றமையால்‌ அக்தக்‌ இரச ு்‌ உண்மையாகவே. காரதரா லெழுதப்பட்டிரு 2பாதிலம்‌ அதின்‌ மஹிமை. யெத்தன்மையதெ த வண்டியிருச2 ௪. உண்மையில்‌ சா ௪ ர விஷ்ணவேயாகில்‌ அவலர சகலருஷிகளைச்காட்‌ ௦ம்‌, மேலானவராகச்கொள்ளவேண்டுமல்லவா ? சாதிசதாயுகங்களுக்குழுக்கியுமான தர்மசாஸ்தி பிரவர்த்தகர்களை யெடுத்‌தரைச்சையில்‌ பராசர ருதியில்‌ &ஃ : இருதயகத்‌் அக்கு மனு சர்மசாஸ்இர ப க்கட கவதமஸ்மிருதியம்‌, அவாப தனக்குச்‌ சங்கலிகெஸ்மிருதிகளும்‌,கலிக்குபராச ஙமிருதியம்‌, பிரமாணம்‌, "என்‌ அரைக்கிருக்கிெறதே திதங்களிலும்‌ பலமடங்குசோரோஷ்டராயிருக்கவே டய காரதருடைய ஸ்மிருதி எக்க காலத்திற்காவ ர மா பொென்றுமாக்சவிவ்அபே இர்தப்‌ பிரதா மர்த்தாக்களில்‌ அவரை ஒருவராகக்‌ இரஹிக்கா லும்‌, ௮ஷ்டாதச ஸ்மர்த்தாச்களிலாவது 3௨ ரவரா யிருக்கிறுரோவெனில்‌, அப்படிக்கு மில்‌ 'யாக்கியவல்கிய ஸம்ஹிதை முதலக்இயாயத்தில்‌ மனு, அத்திரி, விஷ்ணு, ஹாரீதர்‌, யாகீயவல்‌ ்‌ ச்‌ 42 வரவ வார அரனை களான கலாப உ ௬-0.௧.௧க.. சாருவாயவக.ஈா$5 ௪..கா மள அஹா, அரவளெ ம்வலிஒ!/.௪ள போமாண/ஈஹ ர. 5. டர்‌ தகி, விஷ. ஹாறீச பா$வஜஹொ ர ௧௭௮] வேதஸமாஜ்‌, ஃ இயர்‌, உசனர்‌, அங்கரஸ-, யமன்‌, ஆபஸ்தம்பர்‌த “ம்வர்த்தகா, காத்தியாயயனர்‌, பிரஹஸ்பதி, ௨ரர்‌, வியாஸர்‌, சங்கலிகிதர்கள்‌, ட... ) “ளு சாதாத பர்‌, வஹிஷ்டர்‌, இவர்களே தர்ம ஸ்இரப்‌ பிரவர்த்தகர்கள்‌' என்அசொல்லிய இல்‌ கருக்கு ஒரு லிரலிடங்கொடுச்சச்சரிப்படாமல்‌ \| னு வெகுபுதுமையாக விருக்றெ௮. மேற்குறி விஷ்ணுவே நாரதரொன யாரேனும்‌ முதலெடுப்‌ ரமித்தபோதிலும்‌ தர்மசாஸ்இரக்‌ தெரிர்தவர்க சஹாயத்சால்‌ இந்த விஷ்ணவானவர்‌ கேவல ருஷியேயன்தி வைஷணவர்களுடைய குலதெயி ல்லவென்றும்‌, சாரதர்‌ இந்த விஷ்ணுவவச்‌ காட்டு ம்‌ வேறானவான்றும்‌ எளிதிலறிக்து தெளியாத (௮௬.) இதுவன்றி சங்கர விஜயமென்னும்‌ இரக, தில்‌ காயத்திரி பிராம்மணரைநதேரக்கி இல்லாத சதாசச்சொல்லியிருக்கி ற “நீங்கள்‌ சலியுகத்‌ “ வேதங்களில்‌ விதித்த கர்மங்களற்றவர்களாக6 றறநொ௦லி/0% பாவ வ ஐ ஹ௦வ_௧-3 6. _தடாய_ந ல, ஹஹ தி ஊரா வு ஹ ள்‌ 2 து ன்‌ . லிஷி_கா உக்ஷம்ள_தளை, ஸா.கா.சவொ ஹிஷ. 9 ப வதிய? ்‌. உ வெகொக ௬9-3 ஹீ_நாப5.சா5 கிற வாா_௪_தரா% ய ஐயகள லவஜஷெ)வூ \| ?] \| விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௬௯ தார்இிரிகாசாரபரர்களாப்‌ அவீர்களென்று அவள்‌ காபத்‌ அடன்‌ சபித்தாள்‌? என்றுஉரைத்திருக்கற '. தரர்திரிசாசாரத்தை அடை கலே கண்ணிமேலேற்‌ ம்சிக்ஷைக்கு அதிகமானதாகக்கொண்டு காயத்திரி பசபித்தகாய்ச்சொல்லியிருக்கும்‌இஈ்தப்பிரமாணக்‌ னாலே தர்திர. ஸாமான்னியத்தின்‌ கவுரவம்‌ வெளி ன ரகின்றதல்லவா? கடைசியாக வைக்தியகாத.இஷ்தி எகரதகியில்‌ சிராத்தம்‌. செய்யக்கூடுமா கூடாதா ரங்களும்‌ ஸ்மிருதிச்கு விரோசமாக விருக்ரும்போ \| பிமாணமல்லவென்று ஒ.துக்‌இவிட்டார்‌. அ.இல்‌ & ஏகாத௫ியில்‌ இற$தவர்களுக்கும்‌௮5 ச ச்தினக்திலே 2 எராச்சம்செய்யவேண்டியதென்ன விதிக்கப்ப ்‌ ககிற௮. எனெனில்‌ தாய்தகப்பன்மார்டஇறக்‌ ரட்ட தத்‌ இத்து னத்தில்‌ ஏகாதசிவருமாகில்‌ பிதிருதேவதைகளைப்‌ பூஜித்தச்காக்தா பிதிருசேஷக்தைமோக்தபார்க்க 2வண்டியஅஎன்று ஸ்மிருத்திய£கரத்தில்‌ சொல்லி நா ஹ ஹா(உபஷ.ா, ப பல்க ததத 1 3உ-_கா.நா௦ ப பக்பா ட யன்ப தெ: ா_கா ௨70_௧7 ட்‌ க்ஷ்யாஹ வவெகெகாஉறியயா, ஷுஹாவு) ௨0௧0௨. \| ்‌ டே? ட ல. வாகிவெ, தி.ச. ஹெவி.சசி.கி, கா பாய_நா௨ி: உவவாஹெ யடா.நி.ச) ௦0 ்‌ ௧௩ ன்ற விசாரம்செய்யங்கால்‌ புராணங்களும்‌ த௫ு : ௧௪௦ வேகஸமாஜ, “யிருக்ற அ.அன்தியும்‌,உபவாலம்கித்தியமானக, த்தில்‌ கைமித்தெமானசிராத்தம்வரும்பகூஷத்தில்‌ “ இருசெஷத்தை மோக்துவிட்டு உபவாலமிருக்க “ண்டியதுஎன்று, காத்தியாயனரும்‌ விதித்திருக்‌ ர்‌, அனால்‌ ஏகாத௫ிதின த்தில்‌. பிராம்மணர்‌ சிராத்தம்‌ “செய்வார்களரகில்‌ கர்த்தா, போக்தா, பிதா, : மவரும்‌, ப்ல்‌. வார்கள்‌ 5 அ௫ள ௪ த்‌இல்‌. 6 6 ரிடும்சிராத்தத்தை ஆசள ௪௨. கழிச்சதன்மேல்‌ தி யவேண்டியசென்று எப்படி வி இத்திருக்கிறதோ, “படியேஏகாதசியையொழித்ச 2 சீ.தஅவாதசியில்கிர _ 6ம்‌ க்க ம ட அதி ற கவ்வ லை 5 ட 8௦ பெரி திவவெ-, உவ வாவ ௨௯௮ யாக ரூவராயஷித. 'ஹெலி_ச$.கி, ய. ௨. ராணவ௫_ஈ௦ : பயெகூடவ. ஷி 8.ஹீெ.வ ரா கொடியிகிெ, அ யஷூப.ரீ[7௯௦ ்‌ ஷி௨ா.சாலொகா வி.தா.கமா, ய்யா ள ௫ _௦ ன்ன லு விய்யெ௫, அறு வெகாஉர ச அடிய ய வேகா முய தி: _5௯.தா௨கி கி, சலிஷய; க.ஐ)யாகா அராலி ரஜி ஹ வடகலை நத பவறு விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௭௯ : திதியாயனாதி ஸ்மிருககளுக்குவிரோகமாகப்‌ பிரஸ்‌ * ஐிிக்கவேண்டி யிருக்கும்‌.” என்று சொல்லியிருக்‌ 2௮. இதப்‌ பிரமாணங்களா. லெல்லாம்‌ அதிமுக ல்‌ கடைசி நிபந்தனைச்காரர்வராயில்‌ ௮7௨௧85) கர மராரஹ)௰௦ (கவுரவப்பிரமாணங்களில்‌ சொல்‌ லாத விஷயச்தை வேதிடத்திலும்‌ இரஹிக்கலாம்‌) எ கிற நியாயப்படி. அகமங்களையம்‌ ஒருவேளைப்‌ பிர மாணமாக மதித்திருந்தபோதிலும்‌, ௬௫ ஸ்மிருதிக ஞக்ஞு லிரோசமானகாலச்தில்‌ அவற்றை ஈஷத்தா வ ஆதரிக்சவில்லையென்௮ு ஸ்பஷ்டமாய்‌ ஏற்படு (ற. ட இததவலிர ரீமச்‌ வேகஞூர்தீடு சங்கராசாரியர்‌: ௮ ருளிச்செய்த ர ல இரந்தத்தில்‌, 4 \|: ஆகம இதிஹாஸ புராணங்களிற்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கு [ம்‌ ஆசாரம்‌ வேதத்துக்‌ கொத்திருக்கறவரையிலே 4 இராஹியம்‌, அதற்கு விரோதமாகில்‌ அச்சிராஹிய “ மே,” என்று சொல்லியிருப்பதாய்‌ மூனனே குறி ப்பிட்டிருக்கின்றமையால்‌ இதைக்குறித்‌ தப்‌ பிரகரு \| தத்தில்‌ விசேஷித்துரைக்கவேண்டியதில்லை. சடைசஏியாகவைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ இர்தராரதரைவிஷே 2. ஃ ஞூ.ம08_கிஹாஹ உடடாாணொக ரவா ரவடடவெஉராஉக-டு வ.க ாமா௮) ர ௯மா ஹு) வஊவ.த.த ௬௯-௫0, ட ௧௭௨ வேதஸமாஜ, மாய்ச்‌ இறப்பிப்பஇல்‌ பின்னிடையமாட்டார்கள லும்‌, அவர்மாததிரம்‌ இகர ருஷிகளுடைய வாக்க. தையாவனு தன்ன தாய்‌ உபயோகித்துச்‌ றப்ப வேண்டுமென்ற தசைகொண்டிருக்தார்‌. இதற்கு. ருஷ்டாக்கமாக ப்்சரவா ச தயத உ“பஇ,க மல்போனாலும்‌. இறச அவிட்டாலும்‌, ஸன்னிய : செய்துகொண்டாலும்‌, தபும்ஸகனாயிருக்தாலு : இதனாகிவிட்டாலும்‌, இந்த ஓந்து அபத்துக்க “ஸ்இரீகளுக்கு, மறுபுருஷன்‌. விதிக்கப்பட்டி ௬: னமுன.. 2” என்பதை நாரதா சன்வாக்யெமாக யோடித்துப்‌ பரிமளிக்ருரல்லவா ₹ இத்தியாதி ஹேனச்களால்‌ அகமங்களின்‌ மஹி “மை ஈன்னாய்‌ விளங்குெறமையால்‌ இனி இஷ்ட சார ஸ்வரூபத்தை யோடிக்கத்‌ தொடங்குகிறோம்‌. " இவ்வாறு புராணங்களாரலும்‌ ஆகமங்களாலும்‌ கை விடப்பட்ட நம்மபண்டிதர்கள்‌ ராமானுஜாசாரிய ்‌ தலிய மதோத்தாரகார்களெல்லாம்‌. இந்த அர்ச்ை யை அனு்டித்து அனேக அரத்றுண்கெளாய்‌ ௮ வேருன் கி பிருக்சின்றமையால்‌. சஷ்டாசார த்‌ தனு: ஆதரிக்கப்பட்டிரக்கன்ற இதற்கு வேறுவிதப்‌ பிர ப்‌ 5ஷெ 95 ௨ வ_கிசெக்ெவ _அ,தவ_தள, ஊவஞுஷஹாஊ 5-௮ நாணா உ அறு.) ரவியீய09_௧. விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௪௩ தனல அரில்ல யென்று. வாஇிப்பாரகள்‌. இவர்‌ ளெல்லாம்‌ தங்கள்‌ பொருட்டே அ௮ரச்சையை அவ உம்பித்தார்களென்பதற்குத்‌ தகுந்த பிரமாணமில்லை. வர்கள்‌ சாலத்தில்‌ நிலைத்‌ இருந்த இர்த அனுஷ்டா ்‌ ததை ர ட உல்கடிதை தத்‌ ப்‌ நுதை ம ர ட்் வேணறுவிதகமா க ரெஹிக்சக்கூடவில்லை. இதற்கு இருஷ்டாச்சமாக 2வதாந்தாசாரியரா்‌ இருப்பதியிலுள்ள.. விக்ெஹத்‌ ன்‌ பரமாகவென்று தயாசதகமென்னும்‌ புஸ்தக தைச்‌ செய்தபோஇலும்‌, ௮அசனுடைய வியாக்இ றை ரன ச்தினால்‌ அவருடைய உக்தே௫ியம்‌ இத்த விக்கிர தமல்லவென்றும்‌, பரப்பிரும்மத்தின்‌ ௮னக்க௪ கல்லி ச வியாக்கியானமும்‌ சாகி சொல்லுமாகிலும்‌, ஸ்ரீ, , களாதேவிகள்‌, பரமாகச்செய்யப்பட்ட சுலோ ப, ஆமை, ஆநந்தங்களைப்‌ பற்றுவதாக உரைத்தி ப்பகைக்குறிப்பிடுகிமேம்‌. இவ்வாறு ஒருவர்‌ பொ படும்‌, தங்கள்‌ ஜீவனார்ச்தமாயும்‌, இச்சன்மையா ன தொழில்களைச்‌ செய்வோருண்டோவெனச்‌ ௪ங்ூக்‌ கவேண்டாம்‌. வித்தியாரண்ணியல்வாமிகளால்செய்‌ பப்பட்ட ஸர்வ தர்சன சங்கிரஹமென்னும்‌ கரதத இல்‌ உதஹரிஃகப்பட்டிருக்கிற, பிரஹஸல்பதிவாக்கியத்‌ ௪7௪ வேதஸமாஜ, கைச்‌ சற்றுயோசித்தால்‌ இதற்குச்சமாசானம்வரு அதில்‌, % “ஜிவித்திருக்கும்வரையில்‌ கடனவாங்க வு து கெய்யைக்குடித்‌.அச்‌ சுகமாய்‌ வாழவே 68 டிய த. சாம்பலாய்விட்ட தேஹத்துக்கு மறுபடி “ரவேனு, தேஹத்தினின்‌௮ம்‌ விபெட்ட இவன்‌ லோகச்சை யடைந்தானாஇல்‌, மஅபடியும்‌ உறவு ஈண்பர்களோடுகூட ஏன்‌ வருறெதில்லை; அகைய “இறர்தவர்களுக்குச்‌ செய்யும்‌ பிரோத காரியல்‌. : பிராம்மணர்களால்‌ ஜிவனோபாயமாக இவ்விட ஞ்‌ ஏற்படுத்தப்‌ பட்டதேயன்றி ஈஷக்காவது . றலல,? என்று உரைத்திருக்கிற து. இவரையும்‌ சாகி தரைடப்போலவே பிரஹஸ்பதி பகவானென்று தம்ப வர்‌ உரைப்பகற்கு ஹே தவில்லாமல்‌ போகவில்லை இவருடைய மஹிமையைக்குறித்‌ த, ஐத்தரீயப்‌ பிறக உ யாவச$வெசி வடடவ௦ ஜீவெரி ண ககா. ர்வ....க௦ ௨00௮௪. வஹீ 2 2 அவு 2). ஹ வ) ரன ௯௬-௧௦ 1: யசி.மவெ_ ௦ லொகு ெ.ஹாதெஷவி.மி.ம..)_க8 கவ 66 $ _க_சு 2 வ_சொாவாயொ ஃ._ஈஹடணணெ ப ப 9 ்‌்‌... ட ட 37 -கர_நா௦ வெ, சகாயாணி நு ந ்‌) அஜ ) 0௧.௮௮, விண்ணப்பம்‌, .... க௭௫ு மணம்‌, ௮-வது பஞ்சிகை, ஐந்தாவது அத்தியாயதி ல்‌, விசேஷமாய்‌ உரைத்திருப்பதை இவ்விடத்தித்‌ ?சால்ல சந்தர்பமில்லாமைபற்றி, அவ்விடத்தை உத றரிப்பத போதுமென்று நினைக்கிறோம்‌. இந்தப்பிர ஹஸ்பதியானவர்‌ உபாத்தியாயர்களுக்செல்லாம்‌ த லவராகயைளல்‌, அவருடைய சொந்த அனுபவத்தின்‌ 2மல்‌ சொல்லிய இரந்த. சங்கதியானஅ இத ரமான தாது பிரமாணங்களுக்குச்‌ சமமான தாகுமல்லவா : இப்படிக்கன்‌ ி,இர ஈமானுஜாசாரியர்‌ மூதலியவர்க ள்‌ ௮அர்ச்சையைத்‌ தங்கள்‌ பொருட்‌ டே. ஆரரஇத்த தாய்‌ ஒத்துக்கொண்டபோதிலும்‌; சுருதிஸ்மிரு திகளு கே விரோதமான அவர்களுடைய ஆசாரம்‌. ஈமக்ஞா பபிரமாணமாகமாட்டாதென்றும்‌, கமக்குப்‌ பிரமா ணமாகத்தக்க இஷ்டாசாரலகூண மின்னதென்றும்‌, இசன்‌ முதலத்தியாயத்தில்‌ உதகரித்த, க - முதல்‌ ௬ - வரைப்‌ பிரமாணங்களால்‌, ஸ்பஷ்டமாய்‌ ஏ ழ்படுறபடியால்‌ இவ்விடத்தில்‌ அதை முபடியு ரைக்கவேண்டியதில்லை. கடைசியாக வெகுகாலமாய்‌ ஈடர்தேறிவக்ததென்பதே அதற்கொரு ஆதாரமர்கில்‌ அதை அஐக்ூபிக்கவேண்டியது மில்லை, ஆக்ஷேமிக்க எங்கட்கு மனமுமில்லை. எனெனில்‌ தலைமுறை தல்‌ மூறையாய்‌ கொள்ளையிட்டுவந்த குடும்பத்தில்‌ ஒரு வன்‌ கொள்ளை மிடாமலிருப்பதே குற்றமெனப்படு மோ? மேலும்‌ மலையாளத்தில்‌ அனாதியாய்‌ நடம்‌ தேறிவரும்‌ விவாஹ மரியாதையையும்‌ சாதுவெ ப ட்கதித ல ககர வேகஸமாஜ, ன்ஹே. கொண்டு அனுஷ்டிச்சவேண்டியதா ய வா முடியும்‌? பிரமாண தாரதம்மியங்களைக்குதி இவ்வளவு சர்ச்சை போதுமானதாகிலும்‌ அடி ழ்‌. பலபண்டிதர்கள்‌ எங்களைக்‌ கேட்கும்‌ ஒருவி ற்கும்‌ இவ்விடத்தில்‌ விடையுரைப்பஅ உ௫தமென்‌ தோன்‌ அூன்றபடியால்‌, அதைக்குறித்அச்‌ லெபே சுகளைச்சொல்லி இவ்வத்தியாயத்தை முடிக்‌ மற்றப்பிரமாணங்களெல்லாம்‌ இயஜித்துவிடம்‌ ங்கள்‌, வேதத்சைமாச்திரம்‌ ஒக்‌ அக்கொள்வதற்குக கரரணமென்னவென்பதே அவ்வினாவாகும்‌. பகத விடையவைக்குமான்‌ அக்தவினாவைச்செய்யம்‌ பண்டி தர்கள்‌ வேதத்திற்குட்பட்டவர்களா; அல்லவா ௪௮ பதை யறிந்தகொள்ளவேண்டும்‌. அவர்கள்‌ வேதத்‌ தற்கு. வெளிப்பட்டவராகில்‌, எங்கள்‌ வாதம்‌ வேதி த்தின்‌ பேரில்‌ சார்ர்குருக்கிறபடியரலும்‌ வேதபாஹி யாள்‌. விஷயத்தில்‌ வேதப்பிராமாண்ணியத்தை ஸ்‌ தாபிக்ச சாங்களிப்போ.து மககள அன த ல்லை யாகையாலும்‌, பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ அதற்கு த நாங்க விடையரைக்க வேண்டியதில்லையாஇலும்‌, உலகத்தி லுள்ள இதர சுருஇகளுக்கு எந்த ஹே அக்களைக்கெர்‌ ண்டு பிராமாண்ணியம்‌ கல்பிச்கப்படுதிறதோ, அதே ஹேதுக்களால்‌ வேகத்தித்கும்பிராமாண்ணியசையை \| ஸ்தாபிக்கலாமென்று எச்சரிக்கிறோம்‌. அவர்கள்வே தத்இற்குட்பட்டவர்களாகில்‌ உபயபக்ஷச்திலும்‌ ஓ ன்‌ அக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட தஸ்தவேஜின்‌ பிராமாண்ணிய விண்ணப்பம்‌; க௭ள ஒிசாரஞ்செய்தல்‌, சகலசாஸ்திரத்துககும்‌ விரோத ஊகும்‌, வாதியின்‌ பிராதை ஒத்‌. அச்கொண்டு பிரதி வாஇ ஆன்சர்‌ கொடுக்கும்போதும்‌, சாக்ஷி விசாரிக்க 2வண்டியசென்ன? ஏதாவதொருகியாயப்பிரமாணங -ரட்வொர்களாடில்‌, அப்போ வேதத்திற்குப்‌ பிரா கானியசையை ஸ்தாபிக்கவேண்டிய௰த எங்கள்‌ கட மையெனஒப்புக்கொள்வோம்‌. இவவாறு இச்தக்கேள்‌ வியைக்கேட்க, ஈமதன்பர்களுக்குப்‌ பாத்தியமாவ, அதற்குவிடையுமாக்க நாங்கள்‌ கடமைப்பட்டாவ.து அராவிடினும்‌, அவர்கள்‌ திருப்தியின்பொருட்டு அதை பம்‌ சற்றுகூறுகிறோம்‌. வேதம்‌ அபவுரஷேயமென்று ்‌ அனைவராலும்‌ ஒச்அக்கொள்ளப்பட்டிருக்ற௮.. அ பவ ரஷேய மென்பதினாலே தேவூருதமென்று ஏ ற்படுகிறதல்லவா? ஐத்திரீயப்பிராம்மணம்‌, மூகலாவ அ பஞ்டிகை, முதலாவது அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ பொய்‌ சொல்வோர்யார்‌ ? மெய்சொல்வோர்யாரென்து ச ₹ ஷியனால்‌ சேட்சப்பட்டுதேவர்கள்மாத்திரமே பொ ஈ ய்‌தீர்ந்த மெய்யுரைப்பவர்களென்றும்‌, மனிதர்சா ஈ தாரணமாய்‌ பொய்யுரைப்பவரே”என்றும்‌, உரைத்‌ இருப்பதினாலும்‌, வேதம்‌ அபவுரஷேயமென்றும்‌, பு ஃ ௬ வலாஹ_ட9 கொ.ஹ.;_தி 8கஷ.)௦ ஹவ-3௦ வ_க௦ வி_த-௦ $ ஹத) வஹிதா வவெவா, ௯ நடத்‌ ஷு.ஹி_தா வெட ஷாககி, க்எு வேதஸமாஜ, ராணாதிகள்‌ மனுஷியஇருதமென்றும்‌,; ஏற்படுதிறப யாலும்‌,வேதத்தினிடத்தில்‌அபாதிதப்பிராமாண்‌ தா புத்தியண்டாகவேண்டியதற்கும்‌; பு. ராணாதிக சங்கை ஜனிப்பதற்கும்‌, போதுமான ஹேது ற்குதித்த சுருதவாக்கியத்து. லடங்கி யிருக்கில மையால்‌ இதற்கு வேறு ஹேது சொல்லப்புகுே மாகில்‌, ௪வர்ணத்திற்கு மூலாம்பூசுவதற்கும்‌, ஜா ஷ்பத்தில்‌ மணமேற்றுவதற்கும்‌, இக்திர.தலடல்‌ ணம்வைப்பதற்கும்‌, ஒப்பாகும்‌. பாராணாஇகளும்‌, தத்திற்கு உபப்பிரும்மணமே யென்பார்களாகில்‌ ்‌ ணத மூன்னையே விசாரித்துவிட்டோம்‌. கடைசியாக சுருதி ஒன்றுதவிர மற்றப்பிரமாணஙி களையெல்லாம்‌, அடியோடு மஇக்கரமல்‌ அவமதிக்க வேண்டுமென்பஅு எங்கள்‌ கருத்தல்ல. சுருதிக்கு வி ரோதமாஇல்‌ மற்றப்பிரமாணங்கள்‌ சரொஹியமேயலி லவாகிலும்‌, மற்றவிஷயங்களில்‌ யுக்தியக்கமான. ௪ ப்‌. கஇகள்‌ எந்தப்புஸ்‌தகள்களிலிருக்‌ தாலும்‌ எக்களுக்கு க்‌ சரொாஹியமே. இருடாதேயென்கிறசொல்‌ கள்ளன்‌ வாயில்வந்தாலும்‌, பொய்யாதேயென்றெசொல்‌ புளு சன்வாயில்வச்தாலும்‌, ௮ச்தச்சொற்கள்‌ எங்களுக்கு இராதியமேயாம்‌. முதலாயிரமென்னும்‌ வைஷ்ணவ ப்பிரபர்தத்தைக்‌ தாயுமானவர்‌ பாடலுக்கு மேலான தென்றாவ௫, சமமானதென்ராவ௮, கேவலம்‌ அரபிம ்‌ சத்துக்கு அள்பட்டு கரங்க ஞுரைக்கமாட்டோமா ஓம்‌, அர்த முதலாயிரத்திலே ரசமானவற்றைகி விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௭௯ சிர௫ிதஅக்சொள்ளவாவத; தாயமானவர்‌ பாடலில்‌ பாசகமரனவை யிருக்குமாகில்‌ அவற்றைக்‌ இயஹி க்கவாவது, சாங்கள்‌ பின்னிடைய மாட்டோம்‌. ஏனெனில்‌ உண்மை யெவ்விடத்திலிருச்சாலும்‌, ௮ ௯ கடவுளின்‌ உண்மையேயன்தி வேறல்லவே! ௮ ப்படியிருச்ச விஷயத்தின்மேல்‌ இருஷ்டியை விட்‌ 2, வக்தருவைலகூூணியமில்லையென்கிற ஹேதவை பற்றி இருவள்ளுவகாரயனார்‌ முகலியவர்களியற்றி ப பெருநூல்களையெல்லாம்‌ ஈம்மவர்மஇச்காமல்‌ வி _டிவிடுதின்றனரல்லவா ₹ அக்னி யெவ்விடத்திரும சாலும்‌ ௮கை அழுக்குபற்றுமோ? குப்பை யெவ வடத்திருந்தபோதிலும்‌ அதற்குப்‌ பாரிசுத்‌ தியமுண்‌ டாகுமோ? விஷயத்தினால்‌ வக்தாவுக்கு சிறப்புண்‌ டாகுமேயன்றி, வச்தாவினால்‌ விஷயத்துக்கு ஒருர்‌ காலும்‌ சறப்புண்டாகமாட்டாு. இவ்வாறு சருக்சமாக அர்ச்சைக்கு சாகசமாயும்‌ பாதகமாயுமுள்ள பிரமாணங்களையும்‌, அவற்பின தாரதம்மியங்களையம்‌, குறிதது விசராரித்தோமாகை பால்‌. இனி அர்ச்சையை. யவலம்பிப்பதினால்‌ வளைய த்தக்க சாதக பாதகங்களை மூன்றாவது அத்தியா தில்‌ யோடக்க நிச்சயித்இிருக்கிறோம்‌. மூன்‌ முவது அசக்தியாயம்‌, ஸ்‌ கடந்த இரண்டுஅத்தியாயங்களில்‌. ௮ர்ச்சைக்கு னுகூலமாயும்‌ பிரதிகூலமாயுமுள்ள பிரமாண யும்‌, அவற்றின்‌ கவரவதாரசம்மியங்களையும்‌ குறித்‌ ஒருவாறுவிசாரித்‌ அமுடி ச்சபடியால்‌, இனி அர்ச்‌ யை அவலம்பிப்பதினால்‌ விளையத்தக்க சாதகபாத "வகளைச்குறித்அச்‌ சல பிரஸ்தாபங்கள்‌ செய்‌ எங்கள்புத்தியை எவ்வளவு இலேசப்படுத்த யோக தீனப்பார்த்தபோதிலும்‌, அதனால்‌ விளையத்தக்க ்‌ யோஜன மின்னதென்று இனையளவும்‌ விளங்கவில்வ யாகையால்‌, கம்ம அன்புள்ளபண்டி த ர்கள்‌ அவற்‌ யெடுத்்‌ அரைக்கும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌, அப்போது அதை யோ சத்தக்கொள்ளலாமென்னு கிச்சமித்தோம்‌. அர்கி சையால்‌ விகாயும்‌ நன்மை யொன்றேதுமில்லாறி பால்‌, அதைக்குறித்அப்‌ பிரஸ்சாபிக்கக்‌ கூடாமை (போலவே, அதினால்‌ விளையும்‌ அசக்சமான தமைக்‌ பவது எழுகிமுடிப்பது அசாத்தியமாகிலும்‌, சிறி. மாத்திரம்‌ இவ்விடத்தில்‌ உரைச்தால்‌, மத்தவை, [ச - காமாய்‌ விளங்குமாகையால்‌, ன்‌ வரறு ட போதுமென்று நம்புகிறோம்‌. ்‌ -வது, ரை அனலும்‌ பாவத்கொழிலான தி கடவுளின்‌ கருத்துக்கும்‌, ௮க்கருத்தைவிளக்கு ம விண்ணப்பம்‌. 5 வத்ததுக்கும்‌, விரோதமாயிருக்ன்‌றமையால்‌, அ வே பிரபலபாதகமாக விருக்கிற த. கடவுளானவர்‌ ம கண்வாய்முதலிய இக்இரியங்களுக்குப்‌ புலப்‌ உமாட்டாரென்பதற்குப்‌ பல சருஇட்பிரமாணங்க . ” மூன்ஞாலே யரைக்கப்பட்டபடியால்‌, புனருக்தி அ சியகமில்லை. அவா யறிக துகொள்வு தமது நீது லாக்கடமையென, &. 46 அவரொருவரையே அதிக்‌ கொள்‌.” என்பது முதலிய அனேக ச௪௬இவாக்‌ ியங்களால்‌ ஏற்படுகிற ௮. 1 4 இப்பிறப்பிலே பரப்‌ பிரும்மத்தை அவருடைய ௬வரூபத்தில்‌ ரத ப கொண்டால்‌ நகிலயுண்டாகும்‌ ; இப்பிறப்பில்‌ அலி நறகொள்ளாவிட்டால்‌. அளவற்ற அன்பமேயண்‌ ' டாகும்‌.” என்பது முதலிய அனேக சுருதிவாக்கி ,ங்களால்‌, அத உத்தாவாதத்தின்‌ தன்மை வெளி ரஞும்‌. ௮வலா அதியும்வழி யென்னவெனில்‌, $ ம - னதினால்மாத்‌ தரமே ௮வனை யறியக்கூடுமேயன்‌ தி, : அவனை பறியப்‌.பல வழிகளில்லை. பல பட்ட வது ஃ ௪020 வெ௯௦லா_ந1, உஹவெடவெ5டிமவத) 8ஹி . நெ 9 ஹவெ2 ர ஹ.திவி.ந ௨1௦, - . 8. நஹெ வெகராவவ)௦ 9.நஹ_நர நாஷஹிகி ௯) ந. 270.கரஷ37-அ) மவ தி ஐ ஹ_நாுஜ_ந வவ) தி], ௧௮௨ வேகஸமாஜ, 6 பதாய்‌ தட்‌ மிருதி த்திய வினின்றும்‌, மிருத ஈ புவையே அடைஇறான்‌. !” என்றும்‌ ; * & தியானம 6 ர்க்கக்‌இஞலே, மறைகந்இருக்கும்‌. தேவனை ௮ “வேண்டியது,” என்றும்‌ ; 1 “தப௫னாலே பிரும்ம, 64 தைஅறிச்‌.அகொள்‌, ்‌ என்றும்‌; இன்னும்‌ ௮௧.௫௨ ்கியங்களாலும்‌, மனதொன்று தவிர வேஹமொன் (0. ம்‌ அவரை மெட்டிமுடியாதென்றும்‌ ஸ்பஷ்டம விதித்கிருக்கற ௮. வேகத்தில்‌ பலோச்தேகியமாக இக்ப்பட்டி ௬௪்டற அனேகதொழமில்களைச்‌ செய்யுற மையினாலே, அப்பயன்கள்மாத்திரம்‌ சைக்கூடிவ ர்‌ மல்‌ போகுமேயன் கி, இதரபாதகங்களொன்றும்‌. ளையாது, ஆனால்‌ பிரும்மத்தை உபாசிக்கவேண்‌ மார்ககச்கைக்குறித்த விதிகளை வழுவாமல்‌, அனு டிட்பதினால்‌ பிரபலப்பிரயோஜனம்‌ இடைப்பதமாதி திரமேயன்றி, ௮தில்‌ ஈஷத்தாவனு தவறினால்‌ மீட்க க்கூடாகதன்பம்‌ விளயுமென்று சண்டோக்தமா। 'சொல்லியிருக்கெ௮. கடைசியாக -வேசுத்தில்‌ செ ல்லிய விதியை அனுஷ்டி ப்பதினல்‌ யாதொருபயஐ மில்லாவிடி லும்‌, அனுஷ்டிக்காமையால்‌. பண்ட. ன்பமுண்டாமெனில்‌,. அத்துன்பரிவாரணமே ஒ௫ பெரும்பயனாகுமல்லவா ? சாமானியமாய்‌ வேத: இ ல்‌ யரா_ந.நி50 நாவுரஹாகு தெவ்‌ ஜெ) நி.மஐுவ௪, : 1௪5 ்‌ சவஹா ௦) அறவிஜ தரஹஹ, விண்ணப்பம்‌: ௧௮௩௨ உயத்‌ சவறவோரைக்குதித்ன மனு சொல்லிய வாக்‌ 9யத்தைச்‌ ட கவனிக்கவேண்டியது. அவ்வாக்கி ம்‌ இதின்‌ முதல்‌ அத்தியாயம்‌, ௬-வன பிரமாணதீ ல்‌, ல்‌, குதிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கத௮, இவ்வாறு தம்மமீது -. ந்ளும்‌ உத்தரவாசத்தைச்‌ செலுத்தாவிடில்‌, ஈம்‌ கசரையேறும்வழி யெதுவாம்‌, நம்மசக்கியை மீறி. வேதம்விதித்தால்‌ காமென்னசெய்யக்கூடுமெ லா ஆக்ஷேபிக்சலிசையாது. ஏனெனில்‌, ஈம்மூடை ப. சக்தியிவ்வளவென்று அதிச்துகொள்ளாமல்‌ ௯ ட வுள்‌ ஆக்யொபித்தாரெனக்கூடுமோ : அப்படியா இல்‌, அவருக்கு சர்வக்கெயத்‌ அவமேது ? இதுதிற்க, ௧ டவளால்‌ நமக்களிக்கப்பட்ட ஒவ்வொரு. அவயவம்‌ ம்‌ பழக்கத்தால்‌ பலமடைதலும்‌, பழக்கமில்லாவிடி ல்‌ சோர்வடைதலும்‌, வேற்தப்பிர ஒத்தல்‌ ஒருகா ல்‌. இராஜ போகத்திலிருக்கும்‌, ஒருவ னுடைய. கால்கள்‌ சேோர்வடைஇன்றமையால்‌, எப்‌ ஞம்‌ நடக்காம? போதாவது இரண்டுமயில்தாரம்‌ _ நடக்கும்படிநேரி ட்டால்‌, அவனுக்குண்டானும்‌ உபத்திரவத்தை வர்‌ ணிக்கப்‌ பலகவிகள்‌ வேண்டியிருக்கன்றனரல்‌ ல்லவா ? அவனே இனந்தோறும்‌ இரமக்ெொமமாய்‌ நடந்து பழ குவானால்‌, மூன்‌ சோர்வடைந்திருர்த சால்களே வெகு பல மடையுமென்பதில்‌ சக்சேகமுண்டோ தொம்பர்செய்யும்‌ பலவிசித்திர வினோதங்களுக்கு, அவர்களுடைய சரீ. ரப்பயிற்சியைவிட வேறெதைக்‌ சாரணமெனக்கூடும்‌? தேசாவயவங்கள்‌ விஷயத்தி ௧0/௪ வேகஸமாஜ, தஇல்மாத்திரந்தா னிப்படி.யெனசக்கொள்ளவேண்‌ ம்‌. பாலியதஇல்‌ இரண்டும்‌ ஞான்றும்‌, ஐந்சென்பத கு கையினால்‌ விரல்கள்விட்டு, வாயினறாலுச்சரி ்‌. பலதரம்‌ பழுதுபார்தீதும்‌ பிசகிப்போம்‌ சிறுவ பமககத்தின்‌ வலுமையாலேயல்லவா சுவல்பகா தில்‌ வெகருகடினமான கணக்குகளையெல்லாம்‌ ்‌ இலே இயானித்அ முடிகச்சவல்லவளுகிழான்‌. இ டி.கஇருக்கையில்‌, நாம்‌ பிரும்மகியானத்துல்‌ மன தைப்பயிலாமையாலேயல்‌ லவா மனதிற்கு வலுமை! நூன்றி அவர்‌ சவருபத்தையதியக்கூடாமல்போகற அ? வெதத்‌இற்குதித்தஅதவிர வேுவழியில்லையெ . ஸதிருப்போமாகில்‌, தாம்‌ இயானகத்தகில்‌ மூயன்‌ யிருப்போமென்பதிலும்‌, அப்படி முயல்வோமாகி அதற்‌ காய பயனை படை நதேயிருப்போமென்பது ம்‌, சந்தேகமேயில்லை. அப்படிக்கன்றி பயனற்ற சோம்பேறித்கொழிலை. கற்ரொழிலென்று கெரள்‌6 ்‌ வேயல்லவா நரம்மாடியவும்‌. சோம்பேதிகளாய்கி2 ம்‌. ட பெரும்பயனெல்லாம்‌ இமக்கும்படி நேரிட்டி ம்‌ கறு. அரூபியாகய பிரும்மத்தை 'யெப்படி.. மன இனால்‌ இயானித்து முடியுமென நம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌. கேட்பார்கள்‌. இர்த விக்கிரக ஆராகனத்தை யே ச. டுத்கியவர்களே, கலியுகத்துக்கு மேன்னுள்ள த அுயகங்களிலும்‌, அனைவரும்‌ இயான.தீதையே அனுச ரிச்சார்களென்று ஓத்துக்கொள்ளுகிறுர்களல்லவா₹ அவர்களால்‌ இயொனிக்கக்கூடிய விஷயம்‌ இச்சாலத - விண்ணப்பம்‌. க லுள்ளவர்களுக்கு அசாத்தியமாவதற்குக்‌ காரண மன்ன 1. அவர்களுடையமனது பொன்னா லும்‌, இ ர்கள்மனது இரும்பாலும்‌, செய்யப்பட்டனவெனகீ டுமோ முற்காலத்தில்வாழ்க்த இரர்கள்‌ ட ௫ மட்டாத. அந்த விசித்திரமான சாஸ்‌இிரவிஷ களையெல்லாம்‌ இக்காலத்தார்‌ அறிந்து அனுஷ்டிக்‌ குயில்‌, பிரும்மோபாசனாமார்க்கமொன்தில்மாக்‌இ ம்‌ இவர்கட்குச்‌ சக்திய்ல்லை- யென்பது யுக்திக்குப்‌ பாருந்தமோ? அதை விதித்த வேதத்துக்குப்பொ ,கறமோ? அதை விரும்பிய கடவுளின்‌ கருத்துக்‌ த்தான்‌ பொருக்துமோ? இதின இரண்டாவ ௮ \| யொயத்தில்‌ கு குறித்த பிரஹஸ்பதி வாக்கியத்தில்‌ \|சால்லியவா று, சவல்பகாலத்‌்அக்குழுன்‌ முற்றுங 'படிகளா ரய இல.பிராம்மணர்‌. தங்களுக்கு ஜீவ ?னாபாயமாக இச்சண்டாள அர்ச்சையை ஏற்படுத்த ;வயல்லவா; அனைவரும்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பேச்சைகம்பி 2 மாசம்போய்‌ மனுஷிய ஜன்‌ மத்துக்குக்குறிப்பாகிய யான மார்க்கத்தை மிழக்கும்படி நேரிட்டது? ௪ டசியாக ரூபமில்லாததற்கு ரூபமுண்டென்று சொ ்லவேயல்லவா, - அதைகம்பி மோசம்‌ பொனிவர்க க்கு, 'இிம்பமின்றி எப்படி. இயானிக்கற தென்கி ௦ சங்கை ஜனிக்கிறது? முற்காலுள்ளவர்கள்‌ எப்ப தீதியானித்தார்களென்று லிசாரிப்போமாகில்‌, தெ வு பிறச்கு சமென்பதஇல்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. தமக்குள்‌ ளம்‌ வெளியும்‌ கடவளானவர்‌ அநந்த பதாரர்த்தங க கள ௧௮/௭ வே தஸமாஜ; ஊச்சொல்லரியவிரித்திரமாய்சிருஷ்டித்‌ அக்கர, அழிப்பகையும்‌, அவற்கிற்குரிய னேச தவே பரஸ்பரஸம்மர்தற் களையும்‌, பரிசோ திக்கா ச்சோ அவரொங்குமிருக௮, செய்யாமத்செய்து, உருவி அவரஅதொழிலினஞலம்‌,அஈர்சசலியாணகுணக்‌ , ஓம்‌, விளங்குவார்‌. இ௫தான்‌உண்மையானகரு ன்பசை உக்தரகாரரயணம்‌ என்னும்‌ சுருதி ஸ்‌, இன்று. அதில்‌ “'பிறக்சத்தக்கவரல்லாக- ₹: வெகுவிதமாய்கீ காரணகாரியரூபமாக விளக ரூர்‌ தை கம்ம. பண்டிதர்கள்‌ ரரமகிருஷ்‌்ணா தி யவத்‌ ஞக்கு அசாரமென்று வாதிச்சலாம்‌, ஆலம்‌. 93. என்று சொல்லியிருக்க, இந்த வாக்‌ ௮ யோகசிப்போமரஇல்‌, இப்பொருள்‌ ரானச்‌ வென்றே ஏற்படும்‌, ஏனெனில்‌ தூதலில்பிதச்சுதி தவ்ளரன்று கொல்லப்பட்ட பர்‌ ப்பிரும்மமே- மீ ம்‌, ஈண்டாயும்‌ பிறக்தரரொென்பது பூர்வோத்தர சோதமாகுமல்லவா 1: அன்தியும்‌, சாசாரண ௮ ரமே இக்தவாக்கியத்தின்‌ கருத்தாடல்‌ ர்‌. ்‌ என்னும்‌ வினையே. பபோதுமானதாயிருக்கையில்‌ ட ஜாயதே ட்‌ என்றேன்்‌சொல்லவேண்டும்‌?. அதிலு வி? என்னும்‌ உபஸர்க்கபலக்கதால்‌, உலக த பண்டங்கள்‌ சாசாரணமாய்ப்‌ பிறப்ப துபோச அவர்‌ லோகவிலகூணமாகத்‌ ட தி அத்ன்‌ அப டட டப பிற வன ்‌ ்‌. ்‌ ய்‌ \| விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௮௪ % ரருஞ்ண்டாகிற௮. அதென்னவெனில்‌,கரசரணாத்‌ \| வயவங்களுடன்‌ பிறக்காமல்‌, அவர்‌ காரண கா சம்மந்தக்தால்‌ ஈமது ஹிருதயத்தில்‌ உஇக்கின்‌. உரன்பதாகும்‌. இதை நாங்கள்‌ கேவலம்‌ யுக்தியா செய்த பொருளென்று மலைக்சவேண்டாம்‌.. இவ்‌ த ்ச்னக்ளு மஹீதரா ட்ட அய்‌ க ப ப்பார்ப்போம்‌. தில்‌ 6 “யார்‌ ஜாயமானரோ- பிறப்பற்றவ ரா, (அவர்‌) நித்தியராகக்கொண்டு, வெகுவிதமா - காரியகாரணருபமாக, விஜாயதெ --(5மதம தில்‌) உஇக்கிருர்‌?? என்றுசொல்லியிருக்கெ௮௫, இ கு வித்தியாரணியரும்‌ இவ்வாறேபாஷியம்‌ செய்‌ க்கியபடியால்‌ அதையும்‌ உரைப்பது அனாவ௫ியக ன்று ஈம்புகிமேம்‌. மேற்குறித்த சர்ச்‌ சையினால்‌ சசையை அனுசரித்தல்‌ சுருதிபிரமாணங்களுக்கு சாதமென்பதும் தவிர மது விருத்திக்கும்‌. ஹா பாய்‌ தம படல விளங்‌ தூதல்லவா, ்‌ ்‌ - வு. இர்சமார்ச்கம்‌ நமது யுக்திக்கும்‌, அடுத்‌ த சரரியமாயிருக்கிற.. பிரகிருகத்தில்‌ ஈம்ம ப நத. அந்தி ஆ யறகாயகா_௩2-- ௯௨௧). த ம. ்‌ ஐ, வ.ஹ-டமா கா காரண ஓவெ ஓ...! 9.5, ட்டு விலாய_௪ - உடவக!:-இவெண ௨5 ்‌ ௧௮/௮] வேதளமா 92) ச்‌ ண்டி சர்களைப்போன்‌ றவர்‌, தங்கள்‌ சக்தியின்‌ லத்தை மனதிற்கொண்டு பலவித குயுக்திகள்‌ தபோதிலம்‌. உண்மையையோக்குங்கால்‌, ௮ ள்‌ விக்சொகத்தையே தெய்வமென்று கம்மி டிக்கிரார்களென்பதில்‌ சம்கேசமில்லை, ஏனெனி தல்தரம்‌ பண்டிதர்கள்‌ கூட பாதொரு லிக்சரக க்கண்டு 'அசர்சம்‌ அடையும்போது 4இந்த ! ய மன்கள்‌ விக்ொகச்தின்‌ சவுக்தரியம்‌. அன்‌. : இருஇயம்‌; நானெங்கும்‌. சண்டதியேனெ” ரூர்கள்‌. ஒருவேளை மயி௮. உண்மையல்லவெல்‌ ம்ம பண்டிசீர்கள்‌ உரைப்பார்களாகையால்‌, என்னமுகனைக்கண்ட சண்கள்‌ மற்றொன்தினை னவே ரவர்‌ சொல்லிய வாக்கியத்தை இவ்விடத்தி 1. என்று அவர்களுடைய ஆழ்வார்க கரிக்ச. வெண்டியிருக்றெ.து. இபஹாரத்‌இ, 4 ரஹ ரரத்திமுதலிய உபசாரங்‌ ங்கள்‌ சேவலம்‌. ்‌. _கத்னுக்காச்‌ செய்யப்படிகிறதோ, ௮ல்லஅ ஈம்‌ இப்போது வாதிக்கிறவாறு அதற்குள்ளிருக்க, று அதிருசியமான. பதார்த்தத்துக்குச்‌ செய்யம்‌ ர இறதோவென்பதையும்‌, சற்று கவனிக்கவேன்‌ ண்‌ ௮. இயல்பிலே ஈம சண்களுக்கு விளக ரூளை. ஆயிரம்‌ விளக்கேற்றிப்பார்க்தாலும்‌ வில தல்லவா? அகையால்‌ விக்ொகங்களின்‌ ௮ களிலுள்ள மூலை. மூடச்குகளெல்லாம்‌ நன்ஞமுய்‌ ங்கவேண்டுமென்பசே தீபஹாரச்இரமுகலிய உப விண்ணப்பம்‌... ௧௮௯ ளின்‌ உத்தேயெமென்ப்தில்‌ சர்சேகமோ$ இவ ள்‌ தொழுவது விக்சரகத்தையேயன் தி வேஹளொெ கறயுமல்லவென்பதத்குக்‌ கோயில்களில்‌ நடந்தே... ப்ரும்‌ அசாரங்களில்‌ . எண்ணரிய திருஷ்டாந்தவ தாமாய்‌ விளங்குமாகையர்ல்‌, அதை. இவ்விடத்‌ விரித்தரைக்கவேண்டிய ஆவச௫ியகமில்ல்‌, சே ௦ம்‌ பிரபஞ்சவேதிகள்‌ கூட. பரப்பிரும்மத்தின்‌ ௮ மிக கல்லியாணகுணல்களை ஒத்அக்கொள்ளுகிறா ர்‌. இவ்வாறு அனைவரரலும்‌ ட ்‌. ருக்கிற. எண்ணரிய குணங்களில்‌ ஒன்றையாவ .விக்செகத்தில்‌ காணச்கூடுமோ? - ஒருசாணிடத்து அடங்கும்‌ இந்த அசேதன பதார்த்தத் துக்கு சர்‌ வியாபகத்து து.வமேது சர்வக்யெத்துவமேது?$ கே ்‌ ன தவலையாயும்‌, இன்று விக்சிரகமாயும்‌,. நாகாத்த லப்படி. கமாயும்‌ இன்னும்பற்பல அவதாரங்களெ. கும்‌ இதற்குப்‌ பிறப்பம்‌ இறப்பு மில்லையெனப்‌ ர்ருந்துமோ? கட்டியகட்டை யவிழ்க்கவம்‌, ௨ 2சவெடுக்கும்‌. கன்னானை யெகிர்ச்சவும்‌, ஒரு அடி. ரவும்‌, மாட்டாதபொம்மையிடத்தில்‌ சர்வ ௪க்து தவம்‌ எப்படியிருக்கும்‌ இவ்வாறு இழுத்த வ 'யெல்லாம்‌ ஆடுவதே பக்த பராதீனத்‌.துவமென ரேனும்‌ கூறுவார்களோ? அப்படியாகில்‌ அது $தர்கையில்மாத்திரமேயன் கி மற்றவர்‌ கையிலு \| முற்றும்‌ சுவாதந்திரியமற்று பாரத. ச்‌ திரியமு 'ளதாகவே யிருப்பதற்குக்‌ காரண மென்னவாம்‌? ௧௯0 வேதஸமாஜ, ஒரு விதத்தில்மாத்திரம்‌ பிரும்மத்அக்கும்‌. பிம்மீ அக்கும்‌ சாதிரிசியமுண்டெனில்‌ காங்கள்‌ ஓத்கூ கொள்வோம்‌. பிரும்மத்தின்‌ சலியாண ஞூண யும்‌ சொல்லிமுடியாத, பிம்பத்தின்‌ ஹேய ௨ ளையும்‌ சொல்லிழமுடியான, இத்தன்மையான ௮ பயமான பதார்த்தத்தை நோக்கி நீயே பிரும்ம போமாகில்‌ இணையற்ற ஒரு தனிகாயகளுகய. பிரும்மம்‌ நம்மை ரக்ஷிப்பாரோ சிக்திப்பா நமக்குள்‌ ஒருவருக்கொருவருள்ள . ஞானதார மி யத்‌இனால்‌, ஒருவனைப்‌ பண்டி தனெனவும்‌, மற வனைப்‌ பாமரனெனவும்‌ கரம்‌ வியவஹரித்தபோதுி ம்‌, ஞானமே தேகமாகிய பிரும்மத்தின்‌ சர்வக்க தையடன்‌ ஒப்பிமிம்போ௮, காமனைவரும்‌ - னறே முடியுமல்லவா ! இத்தன்மையான நமக்னு ஒருவரையொருவர்‌ முட்டாளே, காயே, பேயே - என்றமைக்கும்போ௮ நமக்னளு அசஹியமான டத கமுண்டாகுமெனில்‌, சோன்‌ சவருபியாகிய ட்‌ வுளை கோரக்க. 6 ன மண்ணே காரையே? ்‌ பஅமாத்திரமேயன்றி, அவரை அவ்வாறே மதிட்‌ ௦ மாகில்‌, அவரஅ இருவுள்ளத்‌அக்கு ௮௮ எவ்விதமரீ ப்படவேண்டியகோ அறைச்‌ சற்று திக்க யன, இ௫தபற்கியே யல்லவா பாகவததஇல்‌ இச்‌ டி யகொழிலை மற்ற உபாஸனாமார்க்கங்களுடன்‌ க சு விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௧௯௧ ம்போது & ஈ நான்‌ எப்போதும்‌ சகல பூதங்களி லும்‌ ௮அர்தராதமாவாக வூச்அக்கொண்டிருக்கை ில்‌, மனிதன்‌ அதை யறியாமல்‌ அர்ச்சையாகிய டரிஹாலிதீ அக்கு என்னை யுட்படுத்‌ அஇிரான்‌?? எ அ. சொல்லியிருக்கிற து. குழந்தைகள்‌ இட்டுவதை கட்டுப்‌ பெரியோர்‌ கோபிப்பார்களோ, அகையா சமது சரிதையைக்கண்டு கடவுள்‌ இருவுள த்தில்‌ ளமுண்டாகமாட்டாதென சிலர்‌ வாதிக்கலாம்‌.குழ ஒதகள்திட்டுவதைக்கெட்டுக்‌ சோபமுண்டாகாமை ரததிரமேயன்றி அகக்தமுண்டாவதும்‌ உண்மை இ இதற்குக்‌ சாரணமென்னவென்று விசாரிக்கப்‌ குங்கால்‌ குழந்தைகளுக்குத்‌ தாங்கள்‌ சொல்லும்‌ 'சாற்கள்‌ இட்டென்றுகூட அறிக்‌ தகொள்ளக்கூடா ஞானசூனியத்‌ அவமேயென்று விளங்கும்‌; பூர்ணா இயானமில்லாவிடினும்‌ ஆறுவயதுற்கு மேற்பட்ட அவர்‌ சொல்லும்‌ தர்பாஷையினால்‌ கோபம்‌ விளை இற௱தல்லவா? ஆகையால்‌ நாம்‌ முற்றும்‌ ஜடராமி க்கும்பக்ஷத்தில்‌ நாமெப்படிசெய்தாலும்‌, பாதக ராது, அப்படிக்கன் தி கடவுளானவர்‌ தமது ௬வரூ ம்‌ அத்து வேதத்தையும்‌, பிரபஞ்சத்தையும்‌ ௮ ப ட ௭. ஹ௦ஹவெ.ட்ஷ-ப ௨-ஓஒ0_கஷ-2-ஜ ஊஊ ௦9 கா_தாவஹி.கஹுூஉர; அ8வாய 8ா8.5-1) ௬-௦ 1 5வ3ா வி௨௦௪/_8௦, \| இ ௫ நட்ட ௧௯௨ வேதலமாஐ; மைத்‌ து, அதை ரத அலம்‌ 2 சமக்கு- ட்‌ தியையும்‌ சக்தியையும்‌ அளித்‌ இருக்கையில்‌, - அவ டைய சுவரூபத்தின்‌ தன்மை ஈமக்குத்தெரிய ன்ராவஅ,தெரிந்திருக்‌ தம்‌ அனுஷ்டிக்கச்‌ சக்தியில்‌! யென்முவது சொல்வோமாகில்‌ அது ௪மாதானப ய்‌ எறுமோ ? அப்படிக்காடுல்‌ உலகத்தஇல்‌... ஒ௫ க பாபபுண்ணியமு மில்லயென்றல்லவா. செ சி வேண்டும்‌? இவ்வி பம்க ள்‌ ல ஸ்தூல. குக்ஷமல்‌ பாரமாயிருகதம்‌ காம்‌ உத்தரவாதத்தை ஒப்புக ள்ஞுகையில்‌ அர்ச்சாவிஷயத்தில்மாத்திரம்‌ ஈம: உத்சாவாதமில்லையெனக்கூடுமோ ? நமக்கு ௪௪ ஷயத்திலும்‌ சர்வக்சகெயதை யில்லயென்பு உ மையேயாகிலும்‌, பிரகிருத விஷயத்தில்மாத்‌, தேடவேண்டிய ஆவூயெசமின்தியே, எடுத்தவிட, லெல்லாம்‌ வேதம்முறையிடுகையில்‌, உதட்டி “மைப்பழமிருக்ற உள்ளேதள்ளுவாருண்டே என்போமாஇல்‌ காம்‌ . அடையவேண்டிய பிரயே ன மின்னசென்னு சொல்லவேண்டுமோ 1 ரண. விஷயறங்களிலெல்லாம்‌ இரவும்‌ கனி ்‌ பலும்காம்‌ அச்தியாவயெ கமான. \| பகவத்இியாக சைமாத்திரம்‌ ஒரு விஷயமாகவே மதிச்சாம நீதுவிட்டு, ௮து கடினமானமார்க்கமென்பஅ வெ ப.துமை. ஃ எ௮ம்பூறச்சல்தேயும்‌,”? “ அடி. மேலடி “:மு.த்தால்‌ அம்மியும்‌ நகரும்‌, ?? களின்‌ உண்மையை இதரவிஷயங்களில்‌ ஒப்பி என்னும்‌ பழமொழி ௮) \| \| ! விண்ணப்பம்‌: கு ள்‌ ஷ்டிக்கும்காம்‌, பிரஇருத விஷயத்தில்மாத்திரம்‌ ப்படிச்செய்யாமைக்குக்காரணமென்ன?£ இந்தப்பா தொழிலை யனுஷ்டிப்பதினால்‌ பிரபலமான பகவ னிக்கிரகம்‌ உண்டாவ தமன்‌ தி, அ.தற்குக்கக்தி அஃ .ச்சலைப்படுவோமாகல்‌, மற்றஜந்துக்களுக்கில்லாத. றஐச்தபேரறாகிய புத்தியை ஈமக்களித்ததற்காக கமத 'ருதக்கியதையை விளக்கவேண்டியதுபோக, உள்‌ தையில்லையில்லையென்று சொல்லி இருதக்கெரா முழுப்‌ போவோமல்லவா ? உலகத்தில்‌ எவ்விதது உடருத்தியத்தைச்‌ செய்வோனும்‌ இர ம்‌, கதய )டயக்கூடுமாடலும்‌, இருதக்னெலுக்குமாத்திரம்‌ ஓ த்காலும்‌ கஇியில்லையென்ற,-- ்‌ எ எந்தன்றிகொன்ஞுர்க்கு த்துக்‌ முய்வில்லை சய்ஈன்மிகொன்றமகர்க்று.”! என்று திருவள்ளுவகாயனா ரும்‌ விதுதஇருக்கிளால்‌ வா. உலகவழக்கமும்‌: இதற்கிசைந்தே யிருக்கிறதல்‌ ௦வா ? ஜாரன்‌, ஜாதிகெட்டவன்‌ முதலியவர்களை ய்ல்லாம்‌ விலக்காதகாம்‌, ஈம்மிடத்தித்பெத்ற நன்‌ யை மறுப்பவனைத்‌அரொகி யென்றும்‌, சண்டாள தி ம்‌. சடி௫ன்றனமல்லவா 1 கடவளானவர்‌ ௮ ரதன அருமையாம்‌ பேறளித்தும்‌, இல்லையில்‌ ஆல முறைமிடுவோமாகல்‌ இல்லாமலே செய்‌ வாரென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமுண்டோ 1! காம்விக்ரகத்தையே தெய்வமென்ற௮ுகொள்ளும்ப ஆத்தில்‌ இதெல்லாம்சரியேஎன்று ஒப்புக்கொண்டு, 2௧ பத்த ௪௯௪... வேகஸமாஜ, ஈம்மவர்‌ சலயுச்திவாசங்கள்‌ செய்கன்றமையால்‌ வற்றைச்‌ சற்று யோசிச்சவேண்டியதா வூயசம றன, முதலில்காம்‌. விக்சொசக்தையேஆராதிப்பத யென்றும்‌,௮ற்குள்‌ ஆரோபிக்கப்பட்டி ருக்கும்‌ , ம்மத்தையே தொழுகிமோேமென்றும்‌ அவர்சளுரைகி இருர்கள்‌. சகலபூதங்களிலும்‌ ௮ஈதரியாமியாக விரு க்கும்‌ பரபிரம்மச்தை யாராஇிக்கிரோமெனில்‌ பிரம தீதினமன் றி பார்க்குமிடங்களிலெல்லாம்‌ விகித வினோதமான பூதங்களிருச்கையில்‌ பிரயக்தினபுரஜி ரைமாய்‌ விசேஷத்‌ தரவியச்செலவுசெய்து விக்க ஹ மென்லம்‌ ஒரு பண்டத்கைப்‌ படைப்பதற்கும்‌; இல்‌ மர்திரங்களையோகி பிரும்மத்தை அவாஹக செய்வதற்கும்‌ சாரணமென்ன ?$ அப்படி. யாவாஹ னம்‌. செய்யாதவரையில்‌ அக்தரியாமியாகச்கூட நி ரும்மம்‌ அதிலில்லையென்றாவத, அல்லது ட்‌ அ வாவ னம்செய்சபி௱்கு அதில்‌ இரட்டிப்புப்பிரும்ம மிருகீ இறதென்றாவது _கொள்ளப்பொருக் தமோ ? கற்பி _ ர்‌ மச்திரபலத்தால்‌ பிரும்மத்தைச்சட்டி விக்ர அக்குஷ்ளடைக்க சுக்தரென்றே ஓப்புக்கொஃ போதிலும்‌, கடையில்‌ அது விக்ரஹ த்தைக்காட்‌ ஓம்‌ வேறான அதிருசியமான பொருகொதத்த த்தில்‌, அவ்விககரஹத்தால்‌ அடையக்கூடிய _பயனி ன்னதென்று விளங்கவிஃலை. அதிருயமானசைத்‌ இ யானத்தினால்மாத்திரம்‌ அறியக்கூமொகையால்‌ நம்‌ மபண்டி.தர்கள்‌ அதிருசியமென்றே ஓத்துக்கொள்ளு விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௯௫ பிரும்மம்‌ விக்செஹத்‌ அக்குள்ளிருக்சாலும்வெளியி ரிருந்தாலும்சமதுகண்‌ வாய்‌ முதலிய இக்திரியங்களி ப வத்தலை. இரண்டாவது, பிரு மத்தை. மன தினாலேஎட்வெது கடினமாயிருக்கின்ற உுமயாரல்‌ அதற்குதவம்‌ பொருட்டு விக்காஹத்தைய மலம்பிப்பதாச கம்மவர்வாஇக்‌இரூர்கள்‌. .. குதிரை உய முற்றுமறியாத ஒருவனுக்கு அவ்விஷயத்தில்‌ ரனமுதிக்கும்பொருட்டு ஒருகுருவியைக்‌ காட்டுவ பு பயனுண்டோ? அவ்விரண்டிற்கும்‌ சிலவிஷய இல்‌ சாம்மியமிருந்தபோதுலும்‌ த வசயகமான இர ஈ£டொரு விஷயங்களில்‌ சாதிருசிய மில்லாமை ரலே.. கூரை இம்மாதிரியான தென்று விளக்க குருவி சமர்த்த மாகாதெனில்‌,. ஒரு விஷயத்‌ இலாவது சாஇிருசியமற்றிருக்கும்‌. இரண்டு பதார்‌ தங்களில்‌ ஒன்றையொன்று எப்படி. விளக்கமா ட்டும்‌? சிருஷ்டிஸ்திதி சம்ஹார கர்த்திருக சர்வ க்கிய -சர்வசக்த .அதிருசிய அத்விதிய பரமபுரு ஷனுக்கு, சிருஷ்டி. ஸ்திதி உம்ஹாரவிஷயச ஞான சூ னிய சக்திய பாவதிருசிய பலவற்நிலொஸ்ுய வி கிரஹம்‌ எப்படி அபிவியஞ்சகமாகுமோ ஏங்கள்பு த்‌இக்கெட்டவில்லை. நம்ம பண்டி.சர்களஞுடைய சா மர்த்தியமெப்படிப்பட்டதென அறிச்அுகொள்ளவே -ண்டியபோது கைநாட்டு (தற்குறி) போடும்‌ மடை 'பனைக்கொண்டு நிறுத்தினால்‌ இவனைக்கொண்டு அவ .ர்களுடையக்‌ இயானச்தை யறநியக்கூடுமல்லவா!!!. ௧௯௭ வேகஸமாஜ, ஸா ஜாத்தியமில்ல தவரையில்‌ ட மற்‌ ன்தின்‌ சவருபதிதைவிளக்க சமர்த்தமாகமாட்டா௦ ்‌ ன்பதகிச்சயம்‌, சர்வகுனோேவேதமானபிரும்மத்‌ கும்‌ சர்வகுணாபாவமான பிம்பத அக்ஞும்‌ உலகா ஷம்மியத்தைச்சரியாய்விளக்க எங்கட்குச்‌ சக்தியி லாவிடி லம்‌ இதைப்படிக்கும்‌ அன்பர்கள்ளஹித்‌ன க்குறையைப்‌ பரிபூர்ச்திசெய்வார்களென்று. ஈம்பு ரோம்‌. சடையோகபலவித சவலைகளையடைய மனி புச்சொசாரணமாய்த்தெய்வத்தைசாடாசாகைய அவர்சட்குஞாபகம்‌உண்டாக்கும்பொருட்டு கேவல தருகுதிச்கொம்பாகமாத்திரம்‌ விக்கிரகம்‌ ை வைக்கப்ட பட்டிருக்க றதேயன்றி 'வேறல்லவென்று ஈம்மவா. வ இக்கலாம்‌. சம்மைச்சுற்றிலுமுள்ள ௪கல ஸ்சாவ ஜங்கமங்களும்‌ இடைவிடாது கடவுளின்‌ புசழை கோஷித்அக்கொண்டிருக்கையில்‌, அவரிடத்து. கம ௮. சவனதக்தைச்செலுத்த ்‌ இவையெல்லாம்போதாம்‌' ல கனியாயொரு ஞுறிச்கொம்பு "வெண்டுமென்பஅி குரியளைத்தேடிப்பிடிக்க விளக்கேற்றல அபோலும்‌, இப்படிப்பட்ட குறிக்சொம்பு வேண்டியதேயென்‌ ஸ்தாபிக்கப்பட்ட. பகூத்திலம்‌, ஒமிர்தபோசெல்‌ ம்‌. நினைவவரவேண்டியதற்காக அவரவர்வ௫க்குமிட த்திலல்லவா அதிருக்கவேண்டும்‌ ? அப்படி.ச்கன்‌, எப்போதோ ஓருக்காலம்மாத்குரம்‌ உதவும்படி.யா ச்‌ கோயில்களில்‌ அதை ஈட்டுவைப்பதில்‌ பயனென்‌ அந்தச்‌ குூறிக்கொம்பினால்‌ எவ்வளவு ஞாபகம்‌ ப்ப விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௧௯௭ க்கட அவ்வளவு வு அப்த பி ரயத்தனப்படுவதினாலே யுண்டாகமாட்டாதோ! பி றகு பிரயாணப்பட்டுப்போகும்போது, பக்தல்பரிவா. ரம்‌, பாணமத்தாப்பு, இவிட்டி, தோசைவடையோ சரைகள்‌, மேூதலிய உற்சவவிமர்சைகளை நினை தது ன கொண்டும்‌ வர்ணித்துக்கொண்டும்‌ சென்று, ஸ்கலச்‌ தை ததன்‌ மேல்‌ மூதலில்‌ வயிற்‌அப்பாட்டுக்கு ஏற்பாடுசெய் விட்டு, பிறகு கும்பலில்‌ விமுக்அ ௮ ணென்றும்‌. பெண்ணென்றும்‌ பாராமல்‌ ஒருவர்மீ ரவர்‌ உறைர்துகொண்டு கேோரயிலிற்‌ புகு, கையிலுள்ள தட்டெல்லாம்‌ கோயில்‌ அறையாரொன்‌ னம்‌ கடஞனளிகட்முதி தொலைத்‌ அவிட்டு, கற்பூர தீப மற்றி விக்சரகத்திலுள்ள்‌ மேபெள்ளம்‌, ஆடையா பர ணங்களையெல்லாம்‌ கணக்கிட்டு மதிப்பிட்சிக்கொ ஸாடி,. இ இழந்த பண த்அக்குப்பதி தில்‌. துளியும்‌ இர்தீத மும்‌, பில்வமும்‌ விபூதியும்‌ வாங்கிக்கொண்டு, விக்‌ ெகத்அடன்‌ கோலம்சென்று ஓவ்வொரு சிறப்பை ட. பார்க்குந்தோறும்‌; தேரிலும்‌ தாகியிலும்‌ இரு -வாரூர்‌ கிறத சதென்றும்‌, தெருவில்‌ இருவடமருதரர்‌ சிறந்ததென றம்‌; பாணத்கில்‌ பள்ளிசொண்டை. ௫ -ரோஷ்டமென்ும்‌, பாயசத்தில்‌ புல்யாணி பேர்பெற்‌ சென்றும்‌, இட்டலியில்‌ காஞ்சிபுரம்‌ முகன்மையெ ன்அம்‌, தேன்குழலில்‌ மன்னார்கோவில்‌ சிறச்சதென்‌ றும்‌, ஞாஜனோக்பாதகமான விசாரங்கள்‌ செய்து கொண்டுபோய்‌, மண்டவப்படியில்‌ சென்றஉடனே ௧௯௮ வேகஸமாஜ, - வெல்லப்பானையில்‌ நா மொய்ப்பதபோல்‌, கைரீ மேல்‌ ௰்விமுக்ன,. பலலித ஒகரைகல்ைப்பெற்று, ன குக்ஞ்டி. வெட்கும்படியாக மொக்இிலிட்டு, மீ காசுக்கு புஷ்பமும்‌ சந்தணமும்‌ 'வால்‌இ. த அுக்கெரண்டு பரிமளிப்போர்‌. சிலரும்‌ - -ஒரெழுதி ந்தெரியாறது உடலெல்லாம்‌. இித்திரம்வைக்‌ அ, இரு ஞர்‌ அளசியென்றும்‌, இருப்பத. த ன இழ்வார்‌ புளியம்பட்டையென்றும்‌, ரங்கன்‌ அப ஹஸ்சமென்றும்‌, அமுதன்து இருப்பலித்தரமென்‌௮1 ்‌ பமணி வில்வமென்‌ ன்௫ம்‌, பலசரக்கு. செட்டியை போல்‌ பற்ப பலவிதங்களான ஊசற்பண்டங்கே லாம்‌ முடிக்தெடுக்‌ க்கொண்டு உற்சவம்‌ வர “வென்று ஏச்சமூற்றோடிவக் ௮, இக்இரனம்‌ உங்க டே, சந்திரனும்‌. உமக்குத்தால்லே, "நிர்‌ ய்யுது பாகவத அராதனச்தால்‌ பலவித பாவங்களெொல் ம்‌ புண்ணியமேயாகுமென்றும்‌; இஞ்சிதின்ற ஸர 2 குகள்போல்‌ பற்களையிளித் துக்கொண்டு, ஏமாக்க வரி க்ராப்‌ பூச்சுற்றி, ஏறியவமாயில்‌.. ஈரல்‌ அதிசெய்‌ காசைக்கமுட்டிவரும்‌ கபடஞுலீனர்கள்லெரும்‌; 6 பலைச்தேடி வத்து ஒன்றுக்குப்‌ பத்சாக விலைக்கு. லாபம்‌ பெறவரும்‌ வாத்தகர்கள்கிலரும்‌ ; மன்மத ஈண்பராக மாதர்மதியைக்கெடுத் த, அட்டுக்கு சைப்பட்டு அஷ்டர்வலையிம்‌ சக்சச்செய்து வயிறு ளர்க்சவரும்‌ விழலர்கள்‌ சிலரும்‌; இன்னமிக்தன்‌ை யான பலவசையாரும்வர்‌ த உற்சவத்தை யலங்க! விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௮௯% ஐ ஞானவிருத்தி செய்ரொர்சளல்லலா!!!, பிர மத்துக்குத்தான்‌ விக்ரஹம்‌ குறிக்கொம்பென்றா , அந்த விக்தரகச்தின்‌ ஞாபகத்தை யுண்டாக்க ௮ 'யஹஸ்தம்‌ சாதனமாப்க்‌ கொள்ளப்படுஇிற ௮. இச்‌. மர அபயஹுஸ்தத்‌. அக்கு ஞாப்கார்தீகசம்‌. இனி ஒரு பொ வ்வாறு. தெய்வததைப்‌ பொம்மையிலும்‌, பொம்‌ ௯ ஈம்மவர்‌ படைப்பாரொன்பதிற்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. ுமயைச்‌ சக்சணத்திலும்‌, சச்சணச்சைக்‌ திருமண பட்டியிலும்‌ இருமணபெட்டியைத்‌ இருட்டெகெகூடை லும்‌ அடைக்க. கம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ சமர்ததர்சகளா லும்‌, இப்படி. பரம்பரையாசச்சம்பந்தமுண்டாக்கு பதிஞல்‌ பயனிள்னசென்நுமாச்இரம்‌ எங்களாலறிய ம்வரையில்பண்டிகர்‌ பாமர ர்‌ சகலரும்‌ சுகத்தைக்க கூடவில்லை, தனநர்தகோறும்பொழுஅவிடிரஈ்‌ ௮. அ$இப டாலும்‌, அக்கக்தைக்கண்டாலும்‌, கடவுளைகினை 5௮ எல்லாம்‌ ௮அவர்செயலே யென்கிருர்களல்லவா வேண்டும்‌ 1. ஆகையால்‌ எவ்விதத்தில்‌ யோ௫த்தா 8) ம்‌. இதனால்‌ பிரயோஜனம்மாத்திரம்‌ ஒன்றுமில்‌ ரமலிருச்கையில்‌ 'பகவன்னிக்‌ொகம்மாத்திரம்‌ கை கண்டபலனாயிருக்கிற௮. ஈம்மபண்டிதர்கள்‌ இகர ௨ ததருஷ்டமார்க்கங்க்ளுக்கு ௮ரச்சையானது பிரதம : தறதத்த்‌ ஒரு யுகீதிவாகம்‌ செய்கிழுர்கள்‌. முதல்தரம்‌ பண்டி தர்களெல்லாம்‌ பாலியம்முதல்‌ யா ௨0௦ ப வேத ஸமாஜ. வஜ்ஜீவமும்‌... ௭௦-௮0 - வருஷ்காலம்‌. ட. சைை பைக்‌, கட்டிக்கொண்டு திரிச்அம்‌ வேறு ௨ தி ஷ்டமார்க்சமிருப்பதாயாவத, அதற்இுது. சாதன ன்‌.ுவது மதிக்காமல்‌ இதுவே பாமசாத்தி ப்ப ம சபி காலத்தை யொழித்தார்களெனில்‌, இது யத்தில்‌. சாதனமாயம்‌. வழங்கி தீதோ, "இந்தச்‌ த்கால்‌. இதர உத்திருஷ்டமார்க்கக்களை யார்‌. ட்‌ \| தார்களோ செரியவில்லை. ஆகையால்‌. இதற்க மாக பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ சொல்லப்படும்‌. ப/க்தில வர ளெல்லாம்‌ பயனற்றதென்றும்‌, நம்மல ரனைவ ர்ச்சையையே தெய்வமென்று. கொண்டிருக்க ளென்‌.ஐம்‌ ல்பஷ்டமாய்‌ ஏர்ப்பெ௮... ௩-வது. அர்ச்சையை அவலம்பிப்ப இனால்‌. க சரக்குப்‌ பலவிதத்திலும்‌ பரிபவமுண்டாகறறு; ச்சிரசுத்தை யாராதிப்பது “சாஅவானமார்ச்சட (ற ஒரூவேளை யேற்பட்டபோதிலும்‌; அம்மார்க! . இனுல்‌ அவரிடத்இல்‌ கார்யம்‌ "கொள்கைக்‌ சற்று மனஇழ்கொள்ளவேண்டிய, - விக்கரசங்க ல்‌. பிரும்மத்‌ை த்‌ “இவாசனம்செய்வஇனால்‌, ம லவர்‌ அவிர்‌ ர்பலிக்கவாவ; 'இல்லாமலாவனு, இர சுவேண்டுே மயன்றி வேறுவழியில்லை, விர்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ சகலவிக்கிரகங்களையும்‌ சமமாய்க்‌ ்‌ கவேண்டியதும்‌ 5. இல்‌ ்லாதபக்ஷத்இல்‌ அவத்தை சமமாய்தீ இயஜிச்கவேண்டியம்‌, \| க விருக்கிற௮, இப்படி யிருக்கையில்‌ உத்தியோகங்களுக்குப்‌ "பலவிதப்‌ பரீக்ஷைச ளே (டுத்‌அவ போல நம்மவர்‌ விகீரகவ்களுக்குள்‌ 2 வகுப்புகளை யேற்படுதஇ யிருக்கிறார்கள்‌. ௮ 2 ணுள்‌ 'மூசலா:வது, அழ்வார்களால்‌ பாடப்பெ ஸ்தலங்கள்‌ சர்வோத்தருஃ்டமானவையென்‌ கொள்ளப்பட்டிருச்னெதன. இவவாழ்வார்கள்‌ த பசெய்ன, மனமிரங்குப்‌ பாடிப்‌ பரிமளிக்கச்செ 2 ஸ்தலங்கள்‌ தூற்றெட்டுண்டு, இதிஞல்‌ ஆதியில்‌ 'ச்சையைப்‌ பிராம்மணர்கள்‌ அவலம்பிக்கவில்லை ன்றும்‌ 5 பிறகு தங்கள்பொருட்டோ 'பிதர்பெ டே, இர்த ஆழ்வார்கள்‌ ௮கை யாதறித்தமேல்‌, தாரண ஜனங்கள்‌ ௮தை அவலம்பித்தார்க ளென்‌ ம்‌, ஏ ஏத்படுகெகல்லவா . ர ரர ததல்‌ லல பிராம்மணர்‌ மாத்திர ௦யன்தி கற்றுணர்க்த சூதீதிரர்களும்‌ அதையாக்ஷே த தார்களென்பதற்குப்‌ போதுமான கிதர்சனங்களி க்கின்றன. இவ்விஷயக்கில்‌ பட்டணத்துப்‌ பிள்ளை ர த்ததைக்‌ கவனிக்கவேண்டிய ௪.,-- _ரல்லிலும்சொல்லின்முடி விலும்‌ வேதச்சுருஇியிலு அல்லி ல்‌ மாசற்றவர்சாயர்கன்னிலுமாய்க்‌ அவிட்‌ ரில்லிலு மன்பரிடத்தில28 ௪ .ிருக்குமிடம்‌ [டோ கல்லிலும்‌ செம்பிலுமோ விருப்பானெல்கள்‌ கண்‌ ணுதலே, [ச ட இ ளது ம்‌ ட ௨62 வேதஸமாஜு உளந்தில்பல்ள்ப மொப்பிட்டசாற்தையு மூ ப யறப்‌ புளிமிட்டசெம்பையும்‌. போத்தலயர்‌ னெனவே. ்‌ ட 'ஒளியிட்டதாளிரண்‌ பள்ளேயிருத்தவ. ன்‌ "வெளியிட்டடைத்துவைத்தே.. னினிமேலொ -வேண்டிலனே.. ன்‌ இத்தன்மையான எண்ணிற்கத்‌ மதஞ்ண்டு களை யெடுத்அுரைக்கக்‌ 'கூடுமாகலும்‌. இரந்த இர்ணத்துச்குப்‌ பய, இிவவாக்கயோர்‌. சொல்லெ ஹை ட போதுமென்று. சிளைக்கிறோம்‌;. ்‌ படல்று இடப ப்தி்‌?, கடன்மலைகளே தவிர்‌! ஆண வமதல்லவோ வதிவிலாகதமா£தரே ட்‌ வேணுமென்றவலீசர்‌ பாதமெய்யுள்ளேதரிப்பரே சாணுவாககரின்றசீவன்‌ ருன்வெமதாகுமே.. ப தர்த்சலிங்க முத்ிதியென்று தேடியோடுக்திதசே ௫ இர்த்தலிங்கமுள்ளினின்‌ற இவனைத்‌ தெளியுமோ, இர்த்தலிங்கமும்‌ முளேதெளிச்‌அகாணவல்லிே ட அதில்ல டடக்‌ ச சிறந்ததேவொய ௦ ஆடுகொண்டு கூ. டுசெய்தமர்க்திருக்கும்வாறு க ட்‌ தேடுகின்ற செம்பினைத்‌இிடப்படப்பரப்பியே சரருஇன்றதம்பிரானு ஈம்முளேயிருக்கவே பொடுபத்‌ 9ரயூசையென்னபூசையென்னபூசை ப்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨0௩ :ட்டகல்லுதெய்வமென்‌அசாபுட்பம்சாத்றுவார்‌ ஈத்திவர்அமுணமுணென்று சொல்லுமகச்திரமேத 'ட்டகல்லுபேசுமோ நாதனுள்ளிருக்கையில்‌ [2 -ட்டசட்டி சட்டுவம்‌ கறிச்சுவையகியுமோ, : (தலில்‌ இவ்வாறுரைத்த இவ. வாக்கியரே பி - என்னபரிசுபெற்றோ அல்லன வேறெந்த தக்ஷ பத்துக்குட்‌ பட்டோ தஇிருமதிசையாம்வாராகி ௮ ௮. ஈல்லறிவுக்சாவன, கடவுளின்‌. கருச்‌.அக்காவ தேசக்ஷமத்அக்காவன இசையாசவிதமாக ஆர்‌. சயை அவலம்பித்து. வீணில்லாக்‌ கையமித்தார்‌.. காலத்தில்‌ கிரீஸ்‌ தமதத்தில்‌ புகுவோருக்குப்‌ பா. மார்‌ பலவித புரோத்ஸாஹங்கள்‌ உண்டாக்குவது ரல; அக்காலத்திலும்‌ அர்ச்சை நதிலையுநவேண்டு ன்கிற கருத்தினால்‌ அப்போ ள்ள சுபடபிராம்ம . அந்தத்‌ அன்மார்ச்சச்தை யாக்ஷேபிக்கத்திறமு ல்வியுமூள்ள சூத்திரரைத்‌ தட்டிச்சொடுதத, பி 2 மணநரிலும்‌ மேலானவரென்று. அவர்களைச்‌ தொ டாடத்தொடங்கவே, அதர அவ்விருவகையா. ப்‌ கண்டுமலைத்து இரத நீசமார்க்கத்தில்‌ பிரவே சார்களென்று கொள்ளவேண்டி. யபிருக்கறதல்ல இவ்வுண்மை யெத்தன்மையாயிருந்சகபோதிலும கத்தில்‌ கடவுளின்‌ அருளால்‌ மனிதர்‌ மகிமை பெ து சஹஜமாயிருக்கினும்‌,இவ்லிடத்தில்‌ மக்களின்‌ வினாலே பிரும்மமும்‌ பரிமளிக்கவேண்டியதரய்‌ ஏ 9262௮. "இரண்டாவகபராணஸ்சலங்களென சட ற ட. வேதஸமாஐ, லஉண்டு. பழைமையைப்பத்தியோ, அல்லை இ ண்டாவதத்தியாயத்திற்‌ கூதியவாறு நூதனமா பிச்சப்பட்ட. புராணங்களைப்பற்தியோ, அவற்றி ராணஸ்‌தலமென்டற. பெயர்வக்திருக்கவேண்டும்‌ ழைமையைப்பற்தியெனில்‌ . ஆதியில்‌. அங்கேரிக்க டாத பதார்த்தம்‌ பழைமைப்படுக்தோறும்‌ சர மாவதாய்ச. சொல்லவேண்டியிருக்குமல்லவா படியாகில்‌ தலைமுறை தலைமுறையாய்க்‌. கொலை வரை நிக்‌இக்காமல்‌௦ சொண்டாடவல்லவாவே! - அல்லது விக்ரெஹத்தில்‌ ஏற்தியஉடனே தெய்வ! ளைசாயிருக்கன்‌றமையால்‌ ரொஹியமல்லவென்று அதேதெய்வம்‌ காலத்தால்‌, பழுத்து வமிரமே ல்‌ ரொஹியமென்றும்‌ ( கொள்ளவேண்டி.யதோ 1௫ யலன்தலங்களை அம்மைப்‌ .. பிடாரி கோயில்களுக்‌ சமானமாக மஇப்பதற்கும்‌,. பழய: ஸ்தலங்களி "மைக்கப்படும்‌ சோற்கதில்‌. ஒருபத்றாவத மிரா மொக்குவதற்கும்‌ காரணமின்னதென்னு எங்க 'விளங்கலில்லை யாகையால்‌.. கம்ம பண்டிதர்கள்‌ \| யைசெய்கு இவளிமிவொர்களென்னு சம்பு 'இவ்வாறன்தி . புராணங்களின்‌ ஆசாரத்தினாலே ஈத. ஸ்தலங்களுக்கு மஹிமையென்னும்‌ பதை கல்‌ இத்தன்மையான ஸ்தலங்களுக்காதாரமாக. ணமேற்படும்‌ வறியைக்குதிதது இரண்டாவத; ட எச்சரித்திருக்கிறோமல்லவா 3 இதனால்‌. ரூ கெட்டகாரியம்‌ மற்றொரு கெட்டகாரியுத்தின்‌. விண்ணப்பம்‌: ௨௦௫ ;வார்களால்பாடப்பெற்னாவஅ,புராணம்களால்‌ ஆ பட்டாவை அம்‌ பணக்கார விச்சிரஹத்தின்‌ ௮பி இத்‌ தில்‌. ம்மவர்செய்யும்‌ மரியாதையின்‌ தன்மையை அ; ஆதியில்‌: சவுரவிக்கதீதகாத இத்தன்மையான ,தவேஜுகளைப்பற்தியல்லவா 'பரிமளிச்சின்றன. ;ற்குஹே அவில்லாமற்‌ போகவில்லை % சூடேசூட்‌ மற்ஜொன்றால்‌ பரிஹரிக்கப்படுகிறதென்ற ஈம்மப ழ்‌ ,சரைப்போன்றவர்‌ கொள்வதும்‌, அவர்களிடச்‌ பத பதன்‌ இதற்செல்லாம்‌ இனி தகுந்த ச தானம்வருமாகையால்‌ இவ்வளவு குசிப்பதேபோ ன்‌ நினைக்கிறோம்‌. மூன்றாவடி அபிமானஸ்த ரகளென்று. சிலவுண்டு. சாதாரணஜனங்களுக்குள்‌. நவர்‌ சபொர்சினால்‌ மற்றொருவர்‌ முன்னுக்குவருவது லவே தெய்வத்தின்விஷயத்திலும்‌ கொள்ளவே டியதென ஏற்‌படுறதல்லவா $ தெய்வமும்‌ பல ர தடட ட்ட ரவ அதத்தத ட டாட பப்ப ட்ட்ட்டட்‌ ஆ உஷ௦ உஷெ.5௩ரா8) 0.௪. ததத்சால்‌ சாஅவாசவிவெ.கபோலும்‌. ஏனெனில்‌, னத்தைப்பெற்றாவ.௮, இராதவிக்ரெஹிங்கள்‌ விஷ தித்து மூதலத்தியாயத்தில்‌ குசிப்பிடப்பட்டிருச்‌. ரயில்களே பிற்காலத்தில்‌ புரரணமென்னும்‌ தப்பு, _ சமனமாச்குறஅ ?”? என்பதுபோல்‌ ஒரு தோஷ, ்‌ ஞானோபதேசம்‌ பெற்றவர்கள்‌ ஆதியில்‌ சொடு.. ம்‌ பொய்கவியாஜியத்‌அக்குப்பரிஹாரமாகப்‌ பிறகு, [ரய்தஸ்தவேஜுு திருஷ்டிப்பதும்‌ என்று கொள்‌. காசில்‌ இவ்வாக்ஷேபம்‌ ஜனிப்பதற்டெமிரா௮. ரஹத்தைப்பற்றிய வடனே சாங்கள்‌ தெய்வத்தைபம்‌ லவாகவே மஇத்‌ அவிட்டோமல்லவா என்பார்க ] இல்‌, இவ்வளவு இயான பரிபாகத்தை யடைக்தவர்‌ ளோடு. வாதாட எங்கட்குத்‌ இறமில்லை, அர்ச்சையி௫ ல்விளைந்த இந்தஈற்பயன்‌ அவர்கட்குச்‌ சாசுவதமஙு ரூச்கவேண்டுமெனில்‌ அதைத்‌ தடுக்க எங்கட்கதிக] மில்லாவிடிலும்‌, எங்கட்ககத ஈற்பயன்வேண்டியதி லயென மாத்திரம்‌ -வினையமாய்‌ எச்‌ சரிக்‌ ஏனெனில்‌ அத்தன்மையான ஞானமின்தியே ௪௧ல்‌ க்‌இகளுக்கும்‌ சுருதிகளுக்கும்‌ இயைந்தமார்க்கத்‌இ முயன்று, அம்முயர்ச்சிக்கு அனுகுணமான- பகடு டைவதேயெங்கம்குப்‌ போதும்‌. இகத உத்தமமா மார்க்கத்தை யனுசரிப்பதினால்‌. அரூபியாகிய கட 3] ஊத்தியானிக்கவாவ.து பூஜிக்கவாவது எங்களால்‌. ( டியுமோ வெனில்‌, எங்களிலும்‌ தரழ்ந்தவர்களுக்‌ த அன வெகு சுலபமா மிருக்குமாகையால்‌ எங்களுக்‌ அ அசாத்தியமா யிருக்குமென நம்பக்கூடவில்லை. 6 தலில்‌ அவரைத்‌ இயானிக்கு சம்வழியைக்குதித்து விக ரிப்போம்‌. எவ்விக ரூபமுமற்றவருக்கு ஒரு ரூப ்‌ ப்பதாய்‌ பாவித்து அந்தரூபத்தைத்‌ இியானிக்கத்தெ டல்கினால்‌ அதுகடினமாகவே யிருக்கும்‌, ஏனெ ன்‌ உள்ளதைஉள்ளபடி. நினைப்பதையும்‌ சொல்வதையு! ர விட ஒன்றைப்‌ புதிதாய்க்கல்பித்தல்‌ வண்மையாக கடினமானசா யிருக்கும்‌. ௮வர்‌ ஈம மனதிற்கும \| விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௮0௭ இரம்‌ விஷ்யமாவாரேயன்‌.ி கண்களுக்கு விளங்க ரட்டாரென ௬௫௫ முறையிடுவதின்‌ கருத்செல்லா கூடி அவரை ஈம பிரகருத:உடல்‌ கூற்றுடன்‌ பி தியக்ஷமாயதியக்கூடாது, அனுமானத்தாலே யதி வேண்டுமென்பதே யல்லவா. ௮னுமானமென்பன ஈரியகாரண சம்மக்த விசாரமேயல்லவர; கையா 'ஒருகாளுக்கு மேல்‌ நிலைக்சகாத ஒரு அத்பமானவு அசேதனமானவும்‌ புஷ்பத்தைச்‌ சற்று கவனமாய்‌ ரக்னாுவோமாகல்‌ பரப்பிரும்மமானவர்‌ ஆயுதங்க 9ம்‌ அவயவங்களு மின்தியே அதற்குள்‌ ஒளிக்திருக்‌ -மற்றவர்க்கெல்லாம்‌ அசாத்தியமான ஸ்ளஷ்டவ, ளகுமாரிய, ஸளகந்திய, ஸளவர்ணியாதிகளை யதற்‌ த்‌ தர்ததமாத்தமேயன்‌தி,அதற்குள்‌ அணுருபமா ஒரு பழத்தையும்‌, ௮அப்பழதீ அக்குள்‌ 'பரமாணுரூப கச்‌ காயிலையரும்பு முதலிய அவயவங்களோடு கூ ய வெகுபெரிதான விருக்ஷத்தையும்‌, அமைத்‌.௪. ௮ த்தின்‌ விருத்தகூயத்துச்குரிய சாமக்‌ .இரிகளையும்‌ வத்திருப்பதாயும்‌, அவர்சக்திக்களவில்லையென்றும்‌ தியமாட்டாதவரும்‌ உலகத்திலுண்டோ... இவ்வா ஒரு பொருளில்‌ மாத்தரமன்றி அணுமுதல்‌ ௮ண்‌ -பரியக்தமுள்ள அஸங்கியே யபதார்த்தங்க ளொ வொன்றிலும்‌ இரவும்‌ பகலுமின்றி இருக்‌ தக்சொ ப அகிர்வாச்யெமான விவித . வி௫ித்திரங்களை வி ப்பது மாத்திரமேயன்றி அ.ததற்குரிய அளவு நிய ம்க்‌, சமுதாயப்பிரயோஜனங்களையும்‌ கைலி இடது! “வேதஸமாஜ, டாமல்‌ முடிப்பதைச்‌ சவனிக்கையில்‌ அவருடைய. ர்வச்சியதை, சர்வவியாபகத்‌ அவம்‌, முதலியகு௨ ன்‌ வெளியாகுமல்லவா. ஒருவ னடுத்தடுத்‌,அ. இரக டு. மூன்று விஷயங்களில்‌ கவனத்தைச்‌ செலுத்தவ னாஇல்‌ அவனை ௮ஷ்டாவதானியென்றும்‌ சதாவ ர்‌ யென்றும்‌ கொண்டாடித்து இக்ிமேமல்லவா காலத்தில்‌: ௮௩5 விடங்களிலிருச்‌.து அக்கால ம்‌ செய்வதுமாத்திரமேயன்றி பரஸ்பரவிரோதிகள \| ப்த்‌ தோன்றும்‌: ௮தந்த கல்லியாண்‌ குணங்களையு சமரசப்‌ படுத்திக்கொண்டு நாம்‌ செல்லு மிடமெ லாம்‌ தொடர்க அவர. விசித்திர வித்தியைக ளெ ல்லாம்‌, கூலிகேட்காமலே யாடிக்கொண் டிருக்கும்‌ கடவுளை யதிதலும்‌ கடினமாமோ. கடவுள்‌ முடிக்கு ம்‌. விச்தைசளனைத்தையும்‌ நமது ,அற்பபுத்தியாலெ ட்டி முடியாதாலலும்‌, மக்களெல்லாம்‌. சேர்ந்து வி ஊக்கும்‌ விர்தைக ளெல்லாம்‌ இரண்டாலும்‌, . சய ள்புரியும்‌ விச்தைகளில்‌ அத்தியல்பபாகத்‌ அக்கு டாகமாட்டாதல்லவா. பிரும்மத்தின்‌ தொழிலைக்கெர ண்டே யவரை. யறியவேண்டு. மென்பது தாங்க வலம்‌ யுச்இயாத்‌: சொல்லும்‌. வழியென நினைக்கே ண்டாம்‌.. ஆதிமுதல்‌ பிரும்மசரியத்தை .யனுஷ்டி த்த வர்களெல்லாம்‌ இச்தமார்கத்தையே அனுசரித்ததாம்‌ ௬௬.இ யெங்குமுறையிடுறெ௮.. இதத்கு சிதா ய க சாந்தோக்கிய உபகிஷத்‌திலிருக்அு ஒரு பிரமாண மெடுத்துச்‌ கூறும்‌ பம உரத்‌ சாந்தோக்கிய உபநிஷதீது ௬-வன அத்தியாயத்த ்‌ -உத்தாலகருடைய ப புத்திர. ராயெ: . சுவேதகேறு வன்பவர்‌ பன்னிரண்டுவருஷம்‌ வேதாத்தியயனம்‌ சய்‌அவிட்டு, அவர்‌ பிதாவிடம்‌. மீண்டு பிரும்ம வித்‌ ி)யையைத்‌ தமக்கு உபதேடக்கவேண்டுமென்று கே க, அவர்‌ அப்படியே செய்யத்தொடங்கினார்‌. ௮௧ த்தியாயம்‌ முழுமையும்‌ பிரும்மவிஷயமாய்‌ அவர்‌ .சய்த பலவிதஉபதேசற்கள்‌ யடங்கஇமிருச்கின்றமை லும்‌, அவற்றை யெல்லாம்‌ இவ்விடத்தி லுரைப்ப 'ஞவசிய௫மாகையாலும்‌, (மூன்றுவித. உபதேசங்க £ மாத்திரம்‌: இவ்விடத்தில்‌ உதஹரிப்பனு போது )மன்று நினைக்றோம்‌. மேற்ப்டி. அத்தியாயம்‌ -௧௨ ௪௩ -௧௪- வன சண்டங்களில்‌ & “(உச்தாலகர்புத்‌ ' இரனைப்பார்த்‌ ௮) இக்தநியக்சிரோதமரத்தின்‌ பழ : மொன்று கொண்டுவாளன்றார்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) இதோ கொண்டுவந்தேன்‌ பகவானே என்றூ. (பிதா) ௮ தை உடையென்ருர்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) உடைத்தேன்‌ பக ட்ட. பம ஒத்து ஒரு சிதியவித்த காணப்ப ட்‌ ஆ அதெ, ரமஹஓ2- ௪ சூஹறெ.தி; ௨௨௦ மமவ.கி; விலகி ஹி_ந௦மமவகி ; கி3 தவபுவரகி ஏ. கனு உவெசாயா.சா மவ: உகி3 ஞூஹாஃயமயெகா௦ ஹிஜீ.திர ஹி_நாமூ.ம வானே என்ருர்‌. (மிதா) அதில்‌ என்னகாணப்படு ம ப்‌ ன்‌ 6. ஸ்ர ௧௧௦ வேதளமாஜ 5 டிறதென்ருர்‌. (மிதா). ல புள்ளக்க்து அதை “:டையென்ருர்‌. : (புத்திரன்‌) பகவானே இே : டைத்தேனென்முர்‌. (பிதா) அதில்‌ என்னகாண்‌ “யென்முர்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) ஒன்னுமில்லை பகவாகே ஈஞுர்‌. (பிதா) எதில்‌ உனக்கு ஒன்றும்‌ காணப்‌, ல்லையோ, அதில்‌ ஒரூ பெரிய 'நியக்ிரோதம கீஇிறது.. அன்புள்ளவனே அதை சவனிப்பா £:இவற்திற்கெல்லாம்‌ ஆசமாவாகிய அ௮ணுசத்தி * அதஜகத்அக்கெல்லாம்‌ அத்மா, நீயஅவாயிரு முய்‌ சுவேதகேதுவே, என்முர்‌. பதன்ந்தா “படி விளக்கு வீராசவென்று கேட்க (பிதா) ௮ 6 படியேயென்றார்‌. (பிசா) இர்த உப்பை அந்த ஜ “இல்‌ கரைத்துவிட்டு சாளைக்காலமை யென்னிட்ட “வா. என்முர்‌. ல வர்கா. செய்க வல..தி- தக வட்புகர்தட வக தி.க ௦ ஹாவரவ: யஃவெவொ்‌ெ)_ 4 8ணிா_ந௦_5.நிமாலயவ... வ_தஹ பல்க்‌ ்‌ ஜெஷொணி௫ வவ. ஹா.)மெ, ரவ ஷசி. ர, குஹொெ ) கி] ஷய வெ டி। ணிெூ0ூஜ.௧௨1_5) 19 உம்‌ 5ஹவ-1௦ தத 27 ௦ ஊளு_கா, அக க வினெசகெொடகி, மடு. யணவசா ஸீ.மவாது. வி £ஈவயகி.தி :- அமா. க விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨௧௧ (மிதா) குழந்தாய்‌ நேற்திராத்திறி நீஇந்த நீரில்‌ ௧ ரைத்த உப்பை. 'யெடுஎன்ஞனார்‌. உப்பு கரை தபோ 'னபடியால்‌ விளங்கவில்லை; (பிதா) அந்தநீரில்‌ மே. ர ல்புறத்தில்‌ கொஞ்சமெடுத்தா சமனம்‌ செய்யென்‌ ம்‌ (ரூர்‌. புத்திரன்‌ அப்படியேசெய்தரர்‌. - (பிதா). ௮ 'தெப்படி யிருக்தெதென்றார்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) ௮௮ உப்‌. ' புகரிச்றெசென்ஞுர்‌, (பிதா) ஈடுவில்‌ '5கொஞ்சமெடு த்து 'ஆ௪ மனம்செய்‌, எப்படியிருக்கற த என்றார்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) ௮௮ உப்புகரிக்கெதென்றார்‌. (பிதா) ௮ டியில்‌ கொஞ்சமெடுத்‌,ச தசமனம்செய்‌ அதெப்ப ஒ.பிருக்றெதென்றார்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) ௮௮ உப்புகரிக்கற தென்றார்‌. (பிதா) ஆனால்‌ அதைக்‌ கொட்டிவிட்டு உ “ன்வாயைச்‌ கழுவிவிட்டு, சோடக்காமலிரு, என்னா ஷாஜெ.கிஹொவாவ : ஓவணு. ௧௨-௨௨ கவமாயாமசா ஷா. வஹி உமாஉகி ; ஷூ. ஹ_கமாவகாற. _தம்‌. ஃஹொவாத: யலெஷா ஓவண உ_உகெவா:மா ௯௦.ம.சஉா.ஹ றெதி/, தலாவ) .நவிவெஉ யமாவிஓ_நவோ௦௰, கவா ரஉாவா0.தி ; ௬09. ்‌ ஓவணகிகி ்‌ 8யஉரவா09.அி) குயடி.கி; ஒவணி.தி உலகா உாவா09.அி ; கூதி ; ஓவணவூி.தி ; கவிஉரா ஷ் -டியசொவஹ்‌ உழாஉ.கி _தல_கமாவ ௨௧௨ வேசஸமாஜ,... “ர்‌, அவரப்படிசெய்அவிட்டு, கான்‌ நீரில்‌ கலர்‌ “பு எப்போஅமிருக்றென என்றார்‌. (பிதா) சத்‌ மும்‌ அப்படியே குழச்தாய்‌, நீயதைக்‌ காணாவி! 2ம்‌ ௮து இச்‌. சதேஹ மெங்கும்‌. வியாபித்‌ இருக்ற 48 இதற்கெல்ல ரம்‌ ௮ த்மாவாகிய- ௮ணுசத்தியம்‌ ஜசத்‌அக்செல்லாம்‌. ஆத்மா... 8௮ அவாயிருக்‌ “ சவேதகேதுவேளன்ஞுர்‌. (புத்திரன்‌) அதைமஅப! £ எகீகு வீராகஎன்றார்‌. (பிதா) அப்படியே என்‌ “ (பிதர)ஒகுழந்தாய்‌ 1! ஒருவனைக்‌ கண்ணைக்சட்டி: கர : நதாரதே௪த்கினினறம்‌ வெளியிற்‌ கொண்டுபோமி விட்டுவிட்டால்‌, அவன்‌ சான்‌சண்ணைக்சட்டிக்‌. காம்‌ டில்‌ விடப்பட்டேனென்‌௮. முறையிடுலான்‌. பி க “ ஒருவன்‌ அவன்‌ சண்தை பளின்கலை ர இ காற்‌, தலுரவ௦வ..௪.செ, அம்‌. ஃஹொவாவு கள்‌ பதட்ட பட்டர்‌ ப) -௩.நிவாலய வெ க. வகிெ.கி; வயவஊஹஷொணி ௦0-௪௨.) சங நீ ௦உஹவ-0௦, அ.த.க) ௦ ௦ிஷசூ_தா_சகூ 2ஹிஸெ -௧௫௧௦0.தர௨.கி. பகர்வது ப வயுகூி.கி. தமாஹொ2 அ) ஹொவாவஃயு யாஸொ02 9 ௨௨, [-டஷ.௦ னதி லெ ்‌ த 3 ம ம்‌. விண்ணப்பம்‌: உல க்கு இ௫வதி, இக்தவழியே போவென்‌'ளனான்‌. பு தீதியுள்ளவன உளருக்குஉளர்‌ கேட்டுக்கொண்டு ௧ \| டைசியாக சாந்தாரத்தைச்‌ சேருஇருன்‌. இவ்வா ஜேதகுந்த ஆசாரியனை யுடையவன்‌ கற்றுக்கொண் டு 'முக்தனாக. பேறடைவறான்‌. இதற்க்கெல்லாம்‌ ஆ \| தீமாவாயெ தணுசத்தியம்‌. அதுஜகதாத்மா. நீயது வாயிருக்கிறாய்‌ சுவேத்கேதுவே என்றார்‌. (புத்திர ்‌ ன்‌) அதை "மறுபடி விளக்கு வீராகஎன்ளுர்‌. (மிதா) \| 'அப்படியேயென்றார்‌” என்று சொல்லியிருக்கற.௮. இவ்வளவு சுலபமானவிஷயத்தையும்‌ அதியமாட்டா ட்‌ மக்தர்களும்‌ உலலிருப்பார்க ளெனக்கூடுமோ,.* தவ்விதத்தியானத்தை: இடையச்தரமின்றி செய்ய ம ளிதர ரல்‌ முடியாதெனச்‌: இலர்‌ சொல்லலாமாகையா பாய சாவி.ரலாக்ஷ சூ.நீசொஷி.நலாக்ொ வி 4 வடல்த்‌ _ தஹ: யமாவி.ஐ ஹ.ர௦ உர வ ௨, -ஒயாெ காஷிஸமா௦மாறா, ஹா வர. ஹூம்‌ மரா வங பணி _சாயொவீமாஃயாறா செரெவொவ ஹவ வெ)செவெவெ ஹாவாய) வாறு வப . 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'போகவில்லை. ன்‌ கீஇியையும்‌, தனது அசக்தியையும்‌, அச்பேரைவ்‌ ம்‌, மனஇற்கொள்வானாஇல்‌ பிரும்மத்அக்கு முகோல்‌ லாஸ முண்டாகும்படியானவழியில்‌ தவரை தெ மூவதற்கு மார்ச்ககதேடியதை அனுஷ்டிப்பான.. 9] இருதஸ்திதியிலிருர்‌.த.. கொண்டே இதையுவ்‌ - கைலி டாமல்‌ உயர்ந்த மார்ச்கத்தையுக்‌ ட ரன காதாவென்று இலர்‌ ஆக்ஷேபிக்கலாம்‌. ஆலும்‌ சர ௮ யோசித்துப்‌ பார்ப்பவாக்கு இது மனிதர்‌ இயல்ம க்கு இசையாத காரியமென்று தானாய்விளக்கும்‌. ்‌. மதுதேசத்தில்‌ எவ்வளவு அயோக்கெனாயெ ரி ணனுக்கும்‌ பொருளளிப்பஅ தர்மமென்று மற்றவ ெசவாக்றெண வாவடாடடஷ. சிய ப.ச ஷூெசலஹி ஷடுயெ- ஹவ௦_௩௩ நி மாவாகொடஉ௱ கடாவி.நிஉ)- ௮) ௪ வவ௦வி ெவெஹவாஉ.நா விதி) சஹ ஹாசவிர நீயு ப ன்‌ அது மு டத்‌ இ விண்ணப்பம்‌, உகள 'சகாய்க்ர்து அவ்வாறே செ ப்னவருறெபடியா ல்லவா, சாதாரண பிராம்மணர்‌ * எனக்குப்‌ படிப்‌ \| பில்லாவிடில்‌' பரவாயில்லை, சான்‌ ஆசாரியபர௬௨ ்‌ ஞமிருக்இறேன்‌ போ?வென்று திரிர்துகொண்டு கவுரவமான 'தொழில்களெல்லாம்புரிஈ்து, அடிக்க ' ஆம$ூராத்தங்கள்‌ இடைக்க வேண்டுமெனப்‌ பிரார்‌ இத்தக. "கொண்டு காலத்தைக்‌ கழிக்கின்றனர்‌. இ படிக்கன்றி மொண்டி... மேடம்‌, கன்‌ குருடு, ழூத ப உழைக்கத்‌ இறமற்றவர்களுக்கு த்‌ கொடுப்பது ரத்தமே தர்மமென்றும்‌, எந்த வாணத்தில்‌ பி ஸி சோம்பேறிகளுக்கும்‌ ஈதல்‌. அகர்மமென்று , அறிர்துகொண்டு அவ்வாறே அலுஷ்டிப்போ லட்‌ வேலையற்ற. 'சோம்பேதிசளெல்லாம்‌ தல்ல ஈர்க்கங்களை. யனுசரித்‌ ௪, முயன்று சவுரவமாய்‌ காலத்தைக்‌ ்‌ 'கஜிப்‌ பார்களேயன்றி பிராணனைவி மாட்டார்களென்ப நிஸ்ஸச்சேசமானவிஷயம்‌, துநிற்க நமத சேசத்தில்‌ தியில்‌ எத்தன்மை ரான நல்ல உத்தே௰யங்களுடன்‌' ௮ன்ன சத்திர சளேற்பட்டபோதிலும்‌, -பிற்கால்‌ அந்த உத்தே யங்கள்‌ மறைந்து மண்மூடிப்போய்‌, சோம்பேறிச்‌ 'சாறுண்டு கொழுத்சவர்களே ₹₹உருகண்டபூனை லப ர்‌ உரியை உரியைத்சாவுமென” £சகுடும்பமாய்ச்‌ ௪த்த ச்சாப்பாட்டுக்குப்‌ பாத்தியஸ்தரரய்கின்றதற்கு தஞ்‌ ராவர்‌ ராஜாவின்‌ தர்மசத்திரங்கள்‌ தகுச்தநிதர்சன பசளாகும்‌.. இவ்வாறு பமகிவிட்டபேர்கள்‌ உடலி ஆள்‌ உ௧௮ வேதஸமாஜ; ற்காவஅ, மனதிற்காவனு, வேலையமற்று, மான ௦ம்‌ செற்று, ஈானமுழுற்று, வயிறு சுண்டச்சுண்ட ட்‌ குகளைத்‌ தொங்கலிட்டுச்கொண்டு, சரயங்காலறி மூன்அுமணி கரலுமணி வரையில்‌ காத்திரும்‌. சோற்றைத்‌ சண்டி.க்கொண்டு $6 அன்னவிசார “வே விசார மதவொழிக்தால்‌, "சொன்னவிச ர “ தொலையாவிசாரகற்மோேகையமாம்‌, பன்னவிசாரம்று ்‌? என்று பட்டை ₹லகால்‌ விசாரமிப்பாவிகெஞ்சு அப்பிள்ளை இவர்கள்‌ பொருட்டேபாடினாரென, ம்‌ ்‌ த்துத்திண்ணைகளெல்லாம்‌ புறண்டு, சோஜரித்தத ன்மேல்‌ இரவெலாம்‌ ஒய்வின்றித்‌ தெருஇரிச்‌அ வந்த ன்ரெ ல அனைவர்க்குர்தெரிக்கவிஷயமாகையாலி அதை விசேஷித்து வர்ணித்‌ துரைச்க வேண்டிய தல்‌ லையென ஈம்புகிமோம்‌. பிதகு ஈம்மதேசத்தாருடைகி சளர்ப்பாக்கயத்‌ இனால்‌, சஞ்சாஷர்‌ ராஜியமழியவே இச்சோம்பேறிகளுக்கு ஜி வனோபாயமுமத்து,. தொ ன்று தொட்டுவநத பழக்கத்தால்‌ வேலைசெய்ய வி அனர்கராஇ பார்ப்போரெல்லாம்‌ பச்சா, ,தீதாபப்ட ( ம்‌ படியாகப்‌, பர.தலிப்பவர்‌ எத்தனை 'பேருளசென்‌ தைச்‌ சற்ற. கவனிக்கவேண்டியது, அதிமூதல்‌ இ இக சோம்பேறித்தொழிலில்‌ பழகாவிடில்‌, அவ கஞ்பதி ளென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமுண்டோ. இவ்வாறே அர்ச்சை ற்றவர்களைப்போலவே சவரவமாய்ப்‌ பிமைப்பார்‌5 யை அவலம்பிப்பவர்‌,ஒருவிசமார்க்கத்‌ திலும்‌ சேராத அதை ஒருபக்க கலக உ இத்து மோசம்‌ ல்‌ ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌; ஆக்க 'யாகின்ற மையால்‌, அதைவிட சஷ்டமானதென்று இ ர ட்‌ ட அண்ட ல. இ அ பிரசுனோபநிஷத்து லத புங்களால்‌ அதிசுலபமானதென்று ஏற்படுகிற தியா மார்க்கத்தை அவலம்பிப்போமாகில்‌, அன்னிய த௪த்துச்‌ இறுவரெல்லாம்‌ வெகு. சுல்பமானதெ வ்றனுஷ்டிக்கும்‌ நல்ல. மார்க்கத்தை காம்‌ ௮சா த்தியமானதென்று உரைக்கமாட்டோமல்லவா. இ னி அம்மார்ச்ச மென்னவென விசாரிக்கவேண்டிய தாகி ற. விலையுயர்ந்த பண்டங்களைக்‌ கொண்டுதொ மூவ இனால்‌ அவர்‌ சந்‌ துஷ்டி யடைவாரென்று மலைக்‌ 'சவேண்டாம்‌. இ௫பற்திதான்‌ பாகவதத்தில்‌ & 4 ஓதிர்‌ ந த்தோஷமானவளே ! சகலபூதங்களுக்கும்‌ அவமா “னம்‌ விளையும்படியாக என்னை அர்ச்சையாக்கு உய டர்ந்து பதார்த்தங்களைச்கொண்டு 'பூஜிப்பவரிடத்தில்‌ நரன்‌ சந்தோஷ மடையவே மாட்டேன்‌? என்று ,சொல்லியிருக்றெ. பலவிதத்‌ இமையெல்லாம்‌ புரிக. தவிட்டு, உத்தியோசஸ்தர்களுக்கு லஞ்சங்கொடுத்து சன்மைபெற்னுக்‌ கொள்வது போல கடவளுக்கும்‌ பு டத்‌ ர ர ன்‌ அ இதத ௯,ஹூ- ப வாவ 0வெஉ உம சி கிய 'யொ_ச௨.சய௩மவெ ்‌ 00.வ.௪-_ஷெ) ௮.2 காவ.3ாயா௦ ஒ-ஜு_த.ம, ஈரோவரே._மி.0, ௨௨0 வேதஸமாஜ; பொருளளித்து ஏமாற்திவிடலாமென்று மலைக்க 0 ண்டாம்‌. அவரைத்‌ தொழும்‌ வழிதா னளென்னவெ ல்‌ ஈமது நிலையையும்‌ அவர்‌ தகையையும்‌ மன கொண்டு, சாமக்கிரோதாதிகளுக்காள்பட்டு தாம்‌ ந்த பாவத்தொழில்களைக்‌ குதித்து மையா னுதாபப்பட்டு, அவற்றையெல்லாம்‌ மன்னிக்கவே மிமென ச9்‌தர௫ப்‌ பிரார்த்தத்‌௮, இனி நல்வழி ற்‌ செல்ல நற்புத்தியளிக்கவேண்டுமெனக்‌ கேட்டே கொண்டு, வாயினால்‌ சேட்டுக்‌ கொண்டவாறே மல இனால்‌ சகலபிரயாசையும்பட்டு, , திமையை யொழி அ நன்மையை இயற்றமுயன்‌ ௮, கடவளின்‌ கட்ட? களைத்தவருது நட, அவரளிக்கும்‌. ன்னைக இ கெல்லாம்‌ ஈமது நனறி யதிவைவிளச்குவதே உண்‌ மையானபூஜையாகும்‌. பலவித சம்ஸார பகதி ளால்‌ பாதிக்கப்பட்ட ஈமக்கு அவரை யிவ்வாது” நிர ந்தரமாய்‌ தியானிக்க முடியுமோ வெனவேண்டாபு்‌ அவருடைய சிருஷ்டி மிலடங்யெ சகலவித சங்கீ ஞும்‌ குறையின்திவாழவேண்டியதே அவருடைய ழு. க்ிய உத்தேசிய யமாகையால்‌, பெத்ஜோர்‌ பிறக்தோர்ட. மனவி மக்கள்மாற்‌, ஈண்பர்கற்றத்தார்‌, தேசத்தார்‌ பிராணி சாமானியங்கள்‌ முதலிய பலவகையா ரிடதி இல்‌ நமக்குள்ள பலபடி.த்தான கட்ஜை வ பத உத்தரவாதங்களையும்‌ மெய்மன்‌ சோர்வின்‌ அல. இது யமாயம்‌ வஞ்சனையின்தியும்‌ செலுத்துவதே நாம்‌ கடவுளுக்குச்‌ செய்யவேண்டிய பஜையில்‌ முக்கி. விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௨௧ மான பாசமாகும்‌. கமது காயமுளள வரையில்‌ -பிகமான தர்மங்களும்‌ வியாபாரங்களும்‌ ஒழிய மன்பது கனவிலும்‌. முடியாது. ஆலும்‌ சல்வி [1ஓம்‌௮ப்பியாசத்தாலம்‌. கூடியவரையில்‌அவற்றை. சரித்து குற்றமற்றவரையில்‌ அவற்றை அனுஷ த்துப்‌, பாத்திரமதிர்‌ து இரப்பவர்க்கட்டு, புலைய ங சாலையுங்களவுக்‌ தவிர்க்‌ அ, கில்பெற அறத்தின்‌ அு பத்தை யறிந்‌ ௮, நிலையாய்‌ ஈடப்போமாயின்‌, கடவு ருப்பதரய்‌ மதிக்காவிடிலும்‌ ஈமு தொழிலுக்கு௮ ர. கூலியளித்தே தரவேண்மொசையால்‌, $ீதிதவரு ல £முக்கமே காமவருக்குச்‌ செய்யும்‌ பூஜைகளிலெ லாம்‌ சர்வசிரேஷ்ட மானதென்று ஏற்படுஇற.து. மே மக்களுலகம்‌ விட்டு மறுமையைச்சேர்ந்தால்‌, தாகம்‌ ஊணுறக்கமின்றி அவருடைய இன்பக்கட ல்கூ.ழ்சி, ஆஈர்தத்திலீபெட்டுக்‌ சொண்டிருப்போ ன நம்மவரனைவரும்‌ ஒ.ச்அக்கொள்ளுகையில்‌, ௮ க்குப்‌ பிரதிரிதியாய்‌ வைக்சப்பட்டிருக்கிற பொ மைகளுக்கு உண்ணவென்றும்‌ குடிக்கவென்றும்‌,உ த்சவென்றும்‌ உறங்கவென்றுக்‌, சலியாணமென்றும்‌ வ்லெடுப்பென்றும்‌, சொல்லிச்கொண்டு,அதின்‌ தாரி இிரியத்தாலும்‌, பிச்சையெடுக்கவும்‌ சக்தியில்லாமை ரலம்‌, அவற்றிற்குக்‌ குமஸ்தாவாகத்தாக்கள்‌ வருவ ரகத்‌ தெருத்தெருவாய்க்‌ கண்ணிபிச்சை யெடுப்பத (த ஹேதுவென்ஷவாகும, அதைலியாஜமாகக்‌ கொ \| டுபலர்வயிறவளர்ச்கவேண்டுமென்பகேயல்லவா? ன வேதலமாஜ்‌, . உதரகிமித்தம்‌ பகுருதவேஷம்‌என்ப௮ எத்சேசத்தி லும்‌ ஒருவாறு அனுஷ்டானகத்தி லிருந்த போதிலும்‌ அதைக்கடவுளிடத்திலும்‌ உபயோகித்து, அவரையும்‌ ஏமாற்றி காம்‌ வபி௮ுவளாக்கத்‌ அணி௫மோமல்லவா அனியருக்கு இதுவெகுபு தமையாகத்தோன்று மா லும்‌, ஈமக்குமாசஇரம்‌ பழமையே,ஆயிரம்‌ வருஷ இற்கு மேத்பட்டபமமையே!! மேற்கண்ட மூன்றுவகுப்புகளிலும்‌ ... னிஎக்காலத்திலாவது ஆழ்வார்களஞ்டைய வாவ ராணங்களினுடையவாவ௫, பணக்கார விக்ரஹல்‌ ஞடையவாவன அபிமானத்தைப்‌ பெற்றுக்‌ ௮ டை யலாமென்று உமேதகாத்‌ இருக்கும்‌ விக்ர ங்கள்‌ ஈமஅதேசத்தில்‌ எண்ணிறச்‌இருக்ன்‌ றன. ்‌ வயமாய்‌ உமேஅவார்களாயும்‌, ஈம்மவரில்‌ ட] ரால்‌ அவமதிச்சப்‌ பட்டும்‌, இருக்கும்‌ இவற்தின்‌ மே க்யெதைகளை நாங்களும்‌ வெளியிமுப்பன தர்மமல்‌ _வாகையால்‌ இவ்வளவு எச்சரித்ததே போதுமென்‌. நிஊக்ோம்‌. இனியொருவேளை இவைமேற்‌ ௧௨ (க மஹிமைகளைப்‌ பெற்றராலோவெனில்‌, ௮ம்மஹில களைப்பெற்ற விக்சொஹங்களுக்குக்‌ இடைத்த வெ மானங்ககா இவையும்‌ பங்கட்ட்க்கொள்வதில்‌ எங்‌ ஞச்‌ சாக்ஷூபமில்லை. அர்ச்சையினால்‌ பிரும்மவிக யத்தில்‌ ஈமக்குண்டாகும்‌ சிலாக்சியமான. கொ. கை இவ்வளவேயென்று நினைக்கவேண்டாம்‌. வே த்தில்‌ பரப்பிரும்மத்தின்‌ பலகசல்லியாண குணக்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨௨௩. ராயனுசரித்து இந்திரன்‌, அக்கினி, விஷ்ணு ருத்திர. என்கிற பலபேர்கள்‌ அவர்க்குவந்தபோதிலும்‌, ௮ பரிடத்தில்‌ ஈமக்குப்பமுதான கொள்கை யுண்டாகா ல்‌, அப்பெயர்கள்‌ பலவாகிலும்‌ ௮வையெல்லாம்‌ கு க்கும்‌. பொருள்‌ ஒன்றேயென்று விளங்கும்‌ பொரு ட்டு 4 “அவரே பிரும்மா, அவரே சிவன்‌, ட 4 இ 2 இரன்‌, அவரே அக்ரன்‌, அவரே ஸ்வராட்‌,”' என்‌ றும்‌ 1. அஅவே ௮க்கினி; அதுவேசூரியன்‌, அவே ப வாயு, அதுவே சந்திரன்‌, அ௫வேசுத்தம்‌, அதுவே ட ஈ பிரும்மம்‌, அஅவேஆபங்கள்‌, அதுவேபிரஜாபதி” ௪ ன்அம்‌ இன்னுமிதேமாதிரியாக சுருதியில்‌ பலவிடங்க ளில்‌ முறையிட்டிருக்றெ௮. அர்ச்சையினால்வகத பய னென்னவென்றாலோ பிரும்மமே பலவானஅமன் றி வாஇப்பிரதிவாதிகளாய்‌ கும்பினியார்‌ கோர்ட்டில்வ ச்தகிற்கவும்‌, ஒன்று தோற்கவும்‌ ஒன்று ஜயிக்கவும்‌ இ 'டமானதேயாம்‌. இவ்வாறு அர்ச்சையினால்‌ விளையதத ச்ச ஞாஜோத்கர்ஷத்தைக்குதித்து விசேஷமாய்‌ விரி த்‌ அரைக்கஇக்தச்சதியசஞ்சிகைக்குஇசையவில்லையா டர னவவயகை உ. வர.ஹ, ஹபிவ, வெக. 2, ஸொ கார, வாஷ்‌... ப 35 _செ.வா.மி6, த உரக), _தவாய-ப6,.க உடவ உர -கி.வபடப௭. ௦4 அப டக்‌, த்‌ . உவ, ட ஜாவ..தி. ௨௨௪ வேசஸமாஜ, கையால்‌ இதை இவ்வளவுடன்‌ முடித்துவிட்டு . 'பாதகங்களைச்‌. சற்றுக்‌ குதிப்பிடுகிறோம்‌. ்‌ ர ௮. விச்சரஹசப்தத்‌ அக்குப்‌ க ட தி ன்௮ு கிகண்கெளை ப்பரிசோஇக்குங்கால்‌, சண்டையெ எனதிர்கத்‌ ம்க்‌ கரு த்‌ இ ந்‌ ட்ட ஒருமஹாராஷ்டி ரலும்‌ மிது ம்‌ கூட்டுப்பயிரிடத்சொடங்கி ஒருவன்‌ கண்ணா (கர 2 பு)சாகுபடிசெய்ய வேண்டுமென்றும்‌; மற்றொருவ; ன்‌ அனகூடால, கரும்பு பயிரிடவேண்டுமென்௮ும்‌, செ ல்லிக்கொண்டு பொருள்தெரியாமல்‌ தலையையுடைதி அச்கொண்டகதை. யெல்லோருக்கும்தெரியுமே, இம்‌ மாதிரியாகவே ஈம்மில்‌ பண்டிதபாமர சாமான்னி௰ய மும்‌ வனே சிரேஷ்டமென்றம்‌ விஷ்ணவே ரேஷ்‌ டமென்றும்‌, விவாதப்பட்டு சென்‌: கால்பிடிக்கவுமி விஷ்ணு உசவானென்தும்‌, விஷ்ணுவுக்கு வேலைக்கா ரன்‌ சிவனென்றும்‌ வாய்கொண்டவரைாயில்‌ தட்டிக்‌ குடுமியைப்பிடித.தச்கொண்டு சோர்ட்டுசளில்‌ வம்‌. ்‌ நின்று அகாசம்‌௮அரைவிரல்‌. கடையெனமதித்துத்‌ ஜ்‌ புதஸ்கவேஜு-ஃகள்‌ ஹிருஷ்டி கப்‌ பொய்சாக்ஷிகள்‌. சொல்லுவதுமன்தி அவரவர்கக்ஷி ஜயிச்கும்கிமித்தம்‌ ்‌. கொடியஇவினைகளையெல்லாம்‌ புரியபின்னிடையாம லிருப்பதும்‌ ஈம்மவரனைவர்க்கும்‌ தெரிக்த விஷயம்‌. பெண்டிழக்தராமன்‌ தன்‌ ரத்த கூடிவரவே றி ண்டுமெனத்‌ தங்கள்சவலில்சத்தைப்‌ பிர ரர்த்தித்க விண்ணப்பம்‌, உ௨உ௫ ழித்‌.அ விட்டுப்படையெடுக் தச்‌ சென்றமையாலே பகையில்‌ வெற்றி பெற்றானென ராமேசுவரபுரர ததிலம்‌) வன்‌ பினரஹத்தி தோஷநிவாரளூர்த்‌ க கோவிச்தராஜன்‌ முன்வச்‌.து ஒத்தைக்‌ கால்க ்‌ செய்அ சாட்டியமாடியதாக சிதம்பரத்திலுள்‌ 'விஷ்ணுஸ்சலபுராணத்‌்இலும்‌, இன்னுமித்தன்மை ன ஹாசியமானகதைக ளெல்லாம்‌ அந்தந்த ஸ்த ரரரணங்களிலும்‌; சொல்லியிருப்பதாய்‌.. ஞாபிப்ப 2 அனாவ* தியகமெனசம்புகறோம்‌. ்‌ இவ்வளவேயன்று ; : பிரும்மத்தின்‌ ஒவ்வொருபே ர அவலம்பித்த குற்றத்திற்காக ஒருவர்‌ முகத்தில்‌ ்றொருவர்‌ விதியாமல்‌ ஒருவரையொருவர்‌ பாஷ டியென்றும்‌ சண்டாளனென்றும்‌ இட்டிச்கொண் த வைஷ்ணவமாக்‌அவர்களாயும்‌ இன்னுமனே 8 ட்பிரிவுகளாயும்‌ பிரிக்து வைஷம்மியக்கடலில்மு இப்போவதை யதியாதவர்வெகுசிலர்‌. இத்திமைக ல்லாம்‌ அர்ச்சையினிடத்தில்‌ ஏன்‌ ஆரோபிக்கவே டுமென்ருலோ அசைச்சற்௮ விளக்குகிறோம்‌. கே ம்‌ இயானமார்க்கத்தை யவலம்பித்தவரையில்‌, ரும்மத்தை யெர்தப்‌ பெயரைக்கொண்‌ டழைத்த பாதிலும்‌ அப்பெயர்களாலெல்லாம்‌ கருதியபொ ய ளொன்றே யாசையால்‌ இவ்வித பேதங்களேல்‌ டுவதற்கு ஹே துவேயிரா௮,. விக்கிரகங்க ளேற்‌ பட்டபிறகோவெனில்‌ விக்சொகங்களே தெய்வமெ ற அர்க்யொனம்‌ ஜனித்தபடியாலும்‌, இந்தவிக்‌ 25 ள்‌ வேதஸ்மாஜ, லர்‌ தர்கிியானிகளாகவு மிருப்பார்களேயன் தி இ னைப்‌ ட டதத கிடயக்‌ கவத ளென்பவர்‌. கடவுளின்‌ தத்துவமான சுவருபத்ை யறிந்தகொண்டு, அவரைத்‌ தொழுவதற்குரித்த ன மார்க்கத்தைத்‌ தேர்ர்அ அவலம்பிப்போரே ய யா்‌ சடவுளென்பவர்‌ ஒருவரிருகஇழு ென்னுவ ௮௮வது வணங்கத்‌ தொழசகாம்‌ கடமைப்பட்டிருக்க்றோ இவ்விரண்டு. வழிகளையும்‌ விட்டுக்‌, கடவுளுக்கு குச்சிசமான ரூபத்தை யாரோபித்து, சாதாரண னிதர்க்கே அவமானம்‌ விளைச்கத்தக்க ஹேயமார்க்‌ ங்களைக்‌ கைப்பற்றி, ௮வரைத்‌ கொழுகிறோமென்‌ச பரிஹஹிப்பவர்‌ அர்ச்சியானிகளாவார்கள்‌. காளித சன்‌ எகத்தன்மையானவ னென்மொருவனைக்‌ கேம்‌! ம்‌ போன அவன்‌ ஆசுகவியென்றும்‌, கலிசிரேஷ்‌ னென்றும்‌, போஜனுடைய வித்துவத்ஸபைக்கு நா கனென்றும்‌, விடைவருமாகில்‌ ௮௮ சாளிதாலன்‌ \| னதிற்கு உண்மையாகவே உற்சாகமளிக்கும்‌. அல்‌ ௮ காளிதாசனெனும்‌ பிராணியேகிடையாது, அல்‌6 அ௮வனை கான்‌ ௮அகியவேமாட்டேனென்னறு அவன்௨ விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௨௨௭௪ டயுரைப்பானாலல்‌, அதனால்‌ காளிதாசனுக்குச்‌ சக்‌ சாஷமுண்டாகாவிடிலும்‌ மனஸ்தாபத்‌ அக்கும்ஹே ரலிராது, அப்படிக்கன்றி காளிதாசனென ஒருபி ரணியுண்டு, ஆனால்‌௮வன்‌ சொல்லிமுடியாத மூட ரன்‌ ௮ம்‌ அர்ஜனனென்‌௮ம்விடையுரைக்கப்பட்டா , அதைக்‌ கேட்கும்‌ காளிதாச௪னுக்கு விளையத்தக்க )னஸ்தாபத்தை விரித்‌ துரைக்கவும்‌ வேண்டுமோ? ுவ்வாறே கடவளுக்குப்‌ பூர்ண இருப்தி யுண்டாகும்‌ ழூயான இயானமார்க்கத்தால்‌ அவரைத்‌ தொழுதே ஜிக்களிக்காவிடி லும்‌, அவர்‌ இருவுள்ளத்துக்குத்‌ தா வு வரும்படியாக அவரைக்‌ சல்லென்றும்‌ கட்டை பைன்றும்‌ மதஇத்து, ஹேயமார்க்கஙற்களால்‌ பூஜையெ னும்‌. பரிஹாசத்சைச்‌ செய்வதைவிட, முற்றும்‌ ரஸ்‌திகனாகவிருந் து, உலகத்தார்‌ சல்லொழுக்கங்க எக்‌ சேவலம்‌ சங்சேசமென்னுகொண்டு அனுஷ்டிப்‌ தம்‌ வெகுமேலான மார்ச்சமாகும்‌. இது கேவல ம்‌ யக்திக்குமாத்திரம்‌ இசைந்த வாதமெனக்‌ கொள்‌ எவேண்டாம்‌. சருதியம்‌ இதையே ஸ்தாபிக்கிற து. வாஜஸ்னேய உபநிஷத்தில்‌ * 46 இயற்கையைக்‌ தொ 64 முவோர்‌(ராஸ்திகர்‌)௮5தகா.ரத்தை யடைவார்கள்‌ ; “படைப்பை(ர்ச்சாதி திருஷ்டிகளை)த்‌ ப கத்‌ ட்‌ ர்‌, இன்னும கொடிய அந்தகாரத்தை யடைவார்‌? . ட மனா வ, விமனியெவு ஐ-ஒ.தி உ வாஷ.க ; -௧0.கா-ஒய ஐவுெத _த ொ௨வக-மு.கழாம்‌ ௦ £_தர௦, பப்ப க படகை த த னோேோமல்லவா? இததிற்க கேவலம்‌ இயானமார்க்கதி தையே. அவலம்பித்‌அவக்த வியாலபாராசராஇிகள்‌ காலத்ில்‌ கென்கலை வடகலை, ஸ்மார்த்த வைஷ்ண வமென்றெ வைஷம்மியமாவத, பார்தவம்‌ போத னம்‌ முதலியவற்றைத்‌ - அறச்சலாவனு, உண்டாயிரு தததாக எவ்விடத்திலும்‌ பிமாணத்தைக்‌ கானோமி இதற்கு ஹே தென்ன வெனில்‌ அவர்கள்‌ கடவுளை ப்பலபெயர்களால்‌ வியவஹரித்த போதிலும்‌; அப்‌ வ்வொரு செப்புக்‌ கட்டியையம்‌ ஒவ்வொருகல்லையு ம்‌ கனிச்கனியான தெய்வமாகக்‌ கொண்டு, அவற்று ள்‌ ஒன்னு உதைக்ததாயும்‌ மற்றொன்று கடத தாயும்‌ ஐதிகங்களைக்கற்பிக்‌ அக்‌ கொண்டு, தாரதம்‌ ந யங்களை யேற்படுத்தி, அதற்கேற்படுத்திய எல்லை ர க்கடாஈது செல்லும்‌ தெய்வத்தின்மேல்‌ இதொகெய்‌ வங்கள்‌ வியாஜியமாடிக்‌ கோயிலை .ப்பிடிங்கி ஏலம்‌ போடும்‌ மரியாகை ஈம்மவரனைவர்க்கு£ தெரியும்‌. தப்புகஸ்தவேஜ-ப சிருஷ்டி தீதவர்களுக்குச்கூட கழூ கைமேல்‌ வைதீ௮ச்‌ கோலம்காட்டுவது சகாதென ம்‌, தைக்துரைக்தனக்தார்‌ சலகாலமாய்‌ நீக்கவிட்டபோ. திலும்‌, ஈம்மவர்‌ மாத்திரம்‌ தெய்வமாய்க்‌ கொண்டப்‌ ண்டத்திற்குப்‌ பிசாசு(மோஹிகரி)முதலிய ஹேயமான தி பதி விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨௨௯ /ஷம்போட்டு குரங்கு பெருச்சாளி பாம்புமுகலிய கனங்களின்மேல்‌ வைத்துக்கட்டிக்‌ தெருக்தெரு. 'ய்க்கோலமிமுப்பதேசர்வோத்ிருஷ்டமானபூஜை ன்று மதிக்கிறார்களல்லவா? விக்ரகங்கள்‌ கான்‌ ,சதனபதார்த்தற்கள்‌, அவற்றிற்‌ சவமானமில்லை )ன்ருலோ, சைதனியத்தைக்‌ குறியாகக்‌ கொண் ராமானுஜாசாரியர்‌ மூதலியப்‌ பிராணிகளுக்கும்‌ விதக்‌ கொழில்களால்‌ அவமானமில்லை யெனக்‌ மோ? இவர்கள்‌ விபவத்தில்‌ சகலத்தையும்‌ இ ம்‌ செய்துவிட்டு சன்னியாடிகளாகவிருக்து சா தை யொழித்‌இருச்கையில்‌, அவர்களிடத்தில்‌ இ ரகளுக்குள்ள பகீதிரசத்தை விளக்கும்‌ பொரு ட விச்ொகல்கள்‌ வார்ப்பித்துவைத்அு. ஈவரத்ன தமான ஆப. ரணங்களாலும்‌ விலைய/யாகத ஆடை ரலும்‌ அலங்கரித்‌ அப்‌. பலவித வேஷங்கள்போட்‌ -சலவிகவாகனங்கள்மீ௮ுமேஜ்தி, பஷ்பசந்தனதா தத வாசனைத்திரவியங்களையுமீக்‌அ, ஓசரைபணி ர பாயசாதி ராஜஸாஹ ாரங்களை யெல்லாம்‌ நிவே £ம்செய்ன, பாணமக்தாப்பு இலிட்டிகளால்‌ பிரு மாத்ஸவாதி இருவிமாக்களைச்‌ சிறப்பிக்க, கொ விலைமாதருடைய சதிர்கச்சேரிக்கு அவர்களை பி அதத்‌ அவர்கள்‌ கேராய்ப்‌ பார்த்திருப்பார்‌ . இவற்முலெல்லாம்‌ அவர்கள்‌ மனதிற்கு வளவு ஜுஈனாப்ஸை யுண்டாகுமோ அதைச்சற்‌ . கவனிக்‌ கவேண்டும்‌. இந்தப்‌ பெய்க்கோலங்க 2௩0 வேகஸ.மாஜ, ளாலெல்லாம்‌. அவர்களுக்குத்‌. தருப்தியேயெனி£ அவர்கள்‌ சன்னியாசத்தின்‌ தன்மை வெகு வினை யானதாக விருக்கவேண்டும்‌, இத்தன்மையான .. றப்புகளால்‌! அவர்களுக்குக்‌ இருப்தியுமில்லை ன்‌ ருப்தியுமில்லையென்றும்‌, நமது பக்திப்பெருக்கை ளக்கமாத்திரமே யிவையெல்லாம்‌ செய்யப்பட€ தென்தம்‌ சிலருரைக்கன்றனர்‌. அவர்கள்‌ திருப்தீ ன்‌. பொருட்டில்லாக ஒருகாரியத்தைச்‌ செய்‌ னால்‌ ஈமது பக்தி யெப்படிவிளங்குமோ தெறியக லை. அவர்களியற்திய ூல்களைக்கற்று நிலையச்‌! ப்வோமாஇல்‌, சஷிய௪வருபம்‌ நிலைக்கும்‌. அப்ப! கன்சி தாய்‌ தந்தைகளிடச்சிலுள்ள விசுவா௫தி விளக்கக்‌ தாய்க்குக்‌ குடிசைகாரிவேஷமும்‌, தக னுக்கு தரய்வேஷழமும்போட்டுப்‌ பார்ப்பது ்‌ ௮௮ னிஷ்டத்‌ அக்கசையமோ, நமத கிலைமைக்‌ குத்த, சையமோவெனச்‌ சற்றுயோசகித்தப்பார்க்கவேல ய. இங்கிலீஷார்‌ அரைத்தனத்தில்‌ பலபக்௪ விலும்‌ சாஸ்திராப்பியாசங்களால்‌ அரபிமானப்‌ வ்்கொண்டுவரும்‌ இக்காலச்‌ இலே, ௪௮௫.௦ ( த்தில்‌ மயிலாப்பூரில்‌ பிச்சையெடுத்‌ ஐக்கொண்ட ரத அப்பரென்னும்‌ ஒருபரதே௫க்கும்‌, ௧௮௫௨( தீதில்‌ உஸ்ஸ-ஒரில்‌ தா€ல்தாரராமிருந்த நர மாசாரி யரென்பவருக்கும்‌ வீக்கிரகங்கள் வார த்‌ு, கோவில்கள்‌ கட்டப்பட்டு பிரும்மோத்ஸ கள்‌ கடந்த வருன்றனவெனில்‌, சிலகாலத்‌௮4( விண்ணப்பம்‌, உஉ௪ அத்‌ எழுதப்படிக்கத்‌ தெரிந்தவர்களுக்கெல்லாம்‌ சகம்‌ ஏற்படுவது ஆச்சரியமல்ல. இந்த அசாரற. ரால்‌, இத்தேசத்தில்‌ தெய்வத்துக்குக்‌ குறிப்பாக பன்னு எத்தனை பொம்மைக ளேற்பட்‌ டிருககின்‌ வோ, அத்தனை பக்தவிக்கரகங்களும்‌ உண்டாமி . இவற்றினிடத்தில்‌ அனைவருக்கும்‌ பக்தியுண்டா பொருட்‌ பரமபதத்திலிருந்து ஒடிந்து விழு றி உத்தரணியின்‌ அண்டு ஒருபக்தராகவும்‌ விள தின்கரி மற்னொருபக்தராகவும்‌, விஷ்ணுவின்‌ கூத்தி ர்‌ கொண்டைபுஷ்பம்‌ இன்னொரு பக்தராகவும்‌, ன்னும்‌ இவ்வாறே. அவ்விடத்திலுள்ள ஒவ்வொரு ஈமானும்‌ ஒவ்வொரு பச்தராகவும்‌, அவதரித்து இ வலகத்தைப்‌ பரிசுத்தமாக்க வஈதத ராய்‌ புராணங்‌ ளெழுஇிவைப்பது பு மையான அசார மல்லவா றிது அதைக்குறித்து விசேஷித்துப்‌ பிரஸ்தாபி க வேண்டியதில்லையென்று நினைக்கிறோம்‌. பிரும்‌ ந்தான்‌ அதிருசியமான தாகையாலும்‌ ௮தை நிரா )ம்பமாய்‌ உபா௫ுத்து முடியாதாகையாலும்‌, அத கப்பிரதி நிதியாகபிம்பங்களை யேற்படுத்இச்‌ கொ டதாய்ச்‌ சொல்லப்படுகிற. ஈம.த அசாரியனும்‌ ர டட. அவரும்‌ ஈம்மைப்‌ போல ல கரசாணாத்தி யவயவங்களோடு கூடியவராயி நக்கையில்‌ அவரைத்தியானித்து முடியாதெனக்கூ மோ 1? சாசாரண செனேடுதர்களுக்கு போடொகி ராப்படம்‌ பிடித்‌ துவைத்துக்‌ கொள்வதுபோல்‌ ஆசா ௨௩௨ வேதகஸமாஜ்‌, ரியருக்கும்‌ பிரதிமைவைத்துகீ கொள்வதில்‌ 5ே பமென்னவென்று ஈம்மவர்கேட்கலாம்‌. ஒருவரு6 ப போடொூராபைப்‌ பார்த்தஉடனே அதற்கு யவருடைய முகக்களை, சாயல்‌ முதலிய சகலமும்‌ யமறவிளங்குவது போல்‌, ஒரு ஆசாரியனுடைய கச்சாயலை விளக்க அவருடைய விக்ரகம்‌ சமா மாகுமோ? ஒருவருக்கே பலகோயில்களில்‌ வைக்‌ ப்பட்டி ரகஇிற. பலவிக்கரகங்களை யொன்றடக “ன்னு ஒப்பிடுவோமாகில்‌, அவற்றில்‌ ஒன்றின்‌ ்‌ தீதைப்போல்‌ மற்ஷென்றிருக்கமாட்டா தென்ப, ரட்ட ச ௮ன்றியும்‌. அசரரியன்‌ ஞாபகம்‌. ரு க்குண்டாகும்‌ பொருட்டே விக்கிரகம்‌ வைக்கப்பட டசென்பது யுகஇிக்குப்‌ பொருந்தாது. ஏனெனி. இச்தலிக்கரகதீதககே. அபிஷேக அலல்கரராதி- செய்அ, இர்த்தப்பிரசாதங்கள்‌ பெத்துக்க ஊளோமாகையால்‌, அக்த விக்கரகமே ஆசாரியனெல மூவ, அல்லது அதற்குள்‌ ஆசாரியன்‌ ஆவிர்பவி, இருக்கிமுரென்‌ருவன கொள்ளவேண்டியது ஆவ யகமாற.த. நாம்பொடிபடச்சுட்டுப்‌. புனலிடைக ழ்லிட்ட ஆசாரியனே இக்த விக்ரெசமென்று கெ ல்ல யாரேனும்‌ அணிவார்களென்று நினைக்கக்கூடட ல்லை. விக்கிரகத்தில்‌ அவர்‌ அவிர்பவித்திருக்கமுரே வெனில்‌ அதுவும்‌ யுக்திச்கசையவில்லை. ஈம்ம ஆசா பயனும்‌. ஜிவகோடியில்‌ சேர்ந்தவரேயல்லவர? ௩ம்‌: ல்லாம்‌ முக்தியளிக்கும்‌ ௮வர்‌ மனுஷியாவஸ்கை இ 2? கடைசியாக அவர்‌ தஇிரும்பிவரவும்‌ ராதாரிபெற்‌ நிரூக்றொ சென்றாலும்‌, அவர்‌ உலகத்‌ சக்குச்‌ செய்த ,பசாரத்தக்காக ௪கலவிதடறையினின்றஅம்‌ விமிப ட்டு சவதந்திரராய்‌ சஞ்சரிக்க வேண்டியதுபோச, ரதா ரணமனிதருக்கு மூள்ள சண்‌ வாய்முதலியஞா ச்துவாரங்களையும்‌ அடைத்துவிட்டு, அவரை அபே ததயமானசிறையில்‌ அடைத்து வைத்‌இருப்பதாய்ச்‌ கொள்ளப்‌. பொருந்துமோ இந்த பக்தலிக்கிரகங்க த ஈ வரனுக்கு அபி வியஞ்சகமென்ற;ு சொல்லப்ப அஜி விக்க ரசங்களைத்‌ தாய்ப்பிரதிகளாகக்‌ கொண்டு ட முதிய நஈகல்களேயாகையாலும்‌, இக்தககல்களின்‌௯ 2 சவத்தால்‌, தாய்ப்பிரஇிகளித்‌ சன்மையானவையெ ன்று ௮லிக்அகொள்ளக்‌ கூமொாகையாலும்‌, இர்தகக ல்களின்‌ ச௪ுவரூபம்‌ இக்தசங்கரகமான விசாரத்தா ன்‌ ல தெளிவாய்‌ விளங்குகின்றமையாலும்‌; தாய்ப்பி ததகளைக்கு த பப்‌ செய்யவேண்டிய தீர்மானமின்‌ ன்தென்று நாங்கள்‌ குறிப்பிடவேண்டி தில்லை, இப்‌ அத்த முடிக்குமுன்‌ இன்னொரு வினோதமான சங்கதியைக்குறித்‌ அச்‌ சிலசொற்களைச்‌ செலவழிக்‌ இரோம்‌, தம்மவாமுகத்தில்‌. தரிக்கும்‌ ஊர்த்‌ தவபுண்‌ அ. ரமென்னவென விசாறிக்சப்‌ புகுங்கால்‌, ஈம்மவ கள ்‌ ற எரர்‌ ௨௩௪... வேகஸமாஜ்‌, தியகச்கூடவில்லை, கோலாடக்‌ குரங்காடுமென்று, மாட்டிய வறியெல்லாம்‌ ரபா ஆடித்‌ ரவேண்‌ டுமென்டுற லோகோக்தரமான: கொள்கை, ௧5 த. அர்ச்சையீன்ற பயனேயல்லவா. ்‌ ௫ - ர அர்ச்சையின்‌ சம்மந்தமாக: ஜாரத்‌. தவத அக்கு எவ்வளவு ஆஸ்பதமுண்டாகறதோ. அதைச்சு 2௮ கவனிக்கவேண்டிய. கோயிலிற்‌ கூடும்‌. கும்பல்‌, களில்‌ வியவஸ்தையந்று ஆண்கமநம்‌ பெண்களும்‌. 5. ருவர்மேல்‌ ஒருவர்விமுவ இனால்‌ ப்ட்‌. க்ஞு விளையத்தக்க புத திககேட்டைக்குறித்து வளர்தி இ யரைக்காவிடிலும்‌, ட ட சவருபத்‌ தையும்‌ கெடுப்பகையே அங்களுக்கு ஜீவனோபாயமா. 2 ப்‌ கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ விலமாஅருக்குக்‌ கோயிலை 2 எறபிடமாக்வேதால்‌ விளையக்‌ திமைகளையும்‌ மறக்க லாமோ. அவர்களைக்கோயில்களில்‌ சேர்த்ததில்‌ முத, லபிரயோஜனமென்னவெனில்‌, முதல்தரம்‌ பண்டிதர்‌. கள்கூட கேரயில்கவிலுள்ள விக்செகங்களையவர்களு: க்கு காயகர்களாகவும்‌, அவர்களை யவற்றிற்கு கூச்‌”. யார்கனாசவும்‌ மஇக்கும்படி யாயும்‌, மனிதரில்‌ ஒருவ. ர்க்கொருவர்‌ சொல்லிக்கொள்ளவம்‌ லஜ்ஜைப்படுச. ௫ வு ஜ்ஜை ம்‌ ல அ வேது - அதல்‌, விண்ணப்பம்‌. , உடு 2 ஹேயமான தொழிலைத்‌ தெய்வத்தினிடத்திலம்‌ 9சோபிக்கும்‌ படியாயும்‌; நேரிடுகிறது. இந்த விக்கிர £ங்களுக்குப்‌ பூஜைசெய்யும்‌ அர்ச்சகர்களெொன்னும்ச “புருஷர்கள்‌ அவற்றிற்கு குமஸ்தாவாகப்பக்தர்களுக்‌ 5ப்பிரசாத மளிப்பதபோல்‌ விலைமாதருக்கும்காயக அத்து விருக்கிருர்களென்பறு லோகப்பிரசித்தம்‌. ம்‌ கும்பொருட்டு இருகச்சண்ணபுரத்தார்‌ உரைக்கும்‌ ஓ ந ஐ$ஹத்தை யிவ்விடத்தில்‌ கூறுஇஹோம்‌. .அந்தஸ்‌ ஜத்திலுள்ள ஓ ஒரு அர்ச்சகன்‌ கொயிலுக்கு வ£தபுஷ்‌ த்தைத்‌ தன்விலைமாதுக்களித்அ, அவள்குடி.னமேல த விக்கிர.சத்துக்குச்‌ சாற்றினதாயும்‌ ; அதில்‌ ஒரு பிரிருக்கக்கண்டு சந்தே௫த்தமணியகாரன்‌ அவனை /வ்வாதிருப்பதே அவர்களுக்கு சுவரூபமெனஸ்தாபி பிசாரிக்கும்போது அவன்‌ விக்கிரகத்தின்‌ தலையில்‌ ம்‌. ர்முளைத்திருக்கிறசென்றதாயும்‌; பிறகு ௮கர்தவிக்இர ஈத்தைப்‌ பரிசோதிக்குங்கால்‌ ௮ தன்பக்தளுகிய ஈர்‌ சகனைக்காப்பாற்றும்‌ பொருட்டு மயிர்த்தலையட எவிளவ்ளெதாயும்‌; ஆசையால்‌ தான்‌ அதற்குச்சவரி ௦ னன்௫ற பெயர்வந்ததாயும்‌; ௮ச்சஸ்சலத்தார்‌ அதத்‌ கதையைப்‌ பலர்கேட்டி.ருப்பார்களே. சர க்கப்பிடி.ப்பலர்‌ சந்தைக்குவருவறதுபோல்‌, கும்பல்‌ டம்ப்டியான கோயில்களுக்குவேசிகளியல்பாகவே ருவார்களாகிலும்‌, அர்ச்சையால்லாபமடையக்கரளு ்‌ இயபரர்ப்பார்‌ அதுவேபோதாதென்று ட்டி ப.சாரிகளுக்குள்ளும்‌ சாரசம்மியத்தைக்‌ சல்பிக்ு 3.1 னது வேகஸ்மாஜ, ச,கோயிலில்‌ பணிசெய்யும்‌ விலைமாதர்கள்‌ தாசிக ன்றும்‌, கோயிலில்‌ சம்மந்தமில்லாதவர்‌ குடி. ௪ கக] நிகளென்றும்‌, வியவஸ்தை யேற்படுத்தியபடியால்‌இ இ தமேன்மைச்காலசைப்பட்டுச்சகலகுடி சைஃகாரிகளும்‌ விக்சிரகங்களுக்கு வைப்பாட்டிகளாகக்‌ கோயி, குவரும்படி நேரிடுகிற த. இயல்பாயுள்ள குற்றங்௧௦ மறைத்து, இல்லாதஅமகை யாரோபித்அக்கொண்டு, முனிகளும்‌ மதிமயங்கும்படியாக இரவலாடை யாப்‌ ரணங்ககைத்‌ தேகத்தில்பல அவயவங்கள்‌ தெரியம்ப டியாகச்கரித்தக்கொண்டு, மனோக்கியமான சாரிரதி அடனும்‌, ௮இகுச்சிதமான அபியங்களுட்னும்‌ தய ன்‌ ப்பதுபோல்‌, ௮அரைமனஅள்ளவரை. யிமுத்து ன. யோடு அதள்‌ அற க்‌ மிருத்கயுக்க கும்‌. கோயில்‌ அறையரர்‌ க்‌ பட்டண த டைய சரிதையைக்‌ சகவனித்தாலன்‌ மி, சன்ருவ்‌ ததி ளியமாட்டார்‌.. இக்கன்மையான சீசமார்ச்சத்தைகி கேரயில்களில்‌ ஏற்படுத்து வானேனெனில்‌, அதின்‌ பொருட்டாகவாவது பலர்கோயில்களுக்கு வருவாகி களென்பதே அதின்‌ உத்தேசியமென்று சோயில்களி ல்‌ தொண்டுபட்ட பெரியோர்கள்‌ விடையுரைக்சன்‌ னர்‌, இவ்விசமான நீசவலைகள்‌ வைத்துப்பிடிக்சக்‌ தொடங்இயவரையில்‌ அர்ச்சையை அ௮வலம்பித தவர்‌ வெகுசிலரென்று ஏற்படுகிற தல்லவா ? கோயில்க ன்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, “௨௨௭ ராலும்‌ மதங்களாலும்‌, ஜனங்களின்‌ கொள்கையும்‌. டையும்‌, €ரடைக்து நீதி நிலைக்கவேண்டியதா யிரு 4 சவபாவத்தில்‌ கல்ல நடைச்தையுள்ளவர்களெ லாம்‌, நமது கோயிலில்‌ புகுக்தால்‌ தடைகோணிச்‌ ர ழியும்படிதேரிடுகறதல்லவா! உண்மையானபக்கியு ன்கோயிலுக்குவருவோரர்‌ வே௫ிககசாமதஇக்கமாட்டா சளாகையால்‌, இவர்களால்‌ அவர்களுக்குயாதொரு மையும்‌ விளையச்தச்சதில்லயென இலர்யுக்இியாய்‌ ரதம்‌ செய்கிழமுர்கள்‌. யாருக்கு வே௫ிகளால்‌ இங்கு ிகயாதோ, அவர்களைக்கோயிலுக்கு ஆகர்ஷிக்கத்‌ ராசிகள்‌ ஆவ௫ியகமில்லை யென்பதை மாத்திரம்‌ கவ ள்‌ பபபோரில்லை, தரசிகளின்‌. ஆகர்‌ஷணத்கினால்‌ கோ லுக்குவருவோர்‌ தாசிகளைக்காட்டிலும்‌ வேறொன றயும்‌ சாணப்போடுறதில்லை யாகையால்‌, ௮வர்க டு கோயிலுக்கு வந்தம்‌ பயனில்லை. அவர்களை வியா மாகக்‌ கொண்டே கோயிலுக்கு வருவோர்‌. சற்றே பரவு விக்ரகத்தைப்பார்ச்கும்படி நேரிடலாமே பன்னு லர்‌ வாஇக்சன்றனர்‌. வீட்டில்‌ பழகும்‌ த பலை செம்புகளெல்லாம்‌ லோஹமயமா யிருக்கையி ௰, வேடுகளுக்கடுமைப்‌. பட்டாவது கோயிலிலுள்ள 2லாஹத்தைப்‌ பார்ப்பதனால்‌ பயனென்ன 1 தாசிக ரின்‌ ரூபசவுந்தரிய லாவணியங்களை சாக்ஷாத்‌ கரித்‌ த தேகதியானமா யிருப்பவன்‌ ஒருவேளை விக்கிர உச்தைப்‌ பார்த்த போதிலும்‌, அதின்வடி.வு.தவிர வே ரென்றும்‌ அவன்மனதிற்‌ செல்லாது, ஒருவேளைய ந்‌ உ௩று வேசஸமாஜ, தைத்தெய்வமென்று நினைத்தே அவனதைப்‌ பூஜி த்தொடங்கனாலும்‌, அப்போதும்‌ தன்பிராணகாயட களாதிய மதன சுந்தரி, லீலாவதி, ஜகன்‌ மோஹி ஸி, ஹிருத்காபஹாரி மூதலியவாக ளெல்லாம்‌. கோவில வாழ்வடனும்‌, குறையிலாச்‌ செல்வத்தடனும்‌, ம தயவ்வனதக்‌அடனும்‌, என்றும்‌ பதினாறு வய இன ராமி ரக, இணைபிரியா தன்னுடனேயிஞருக்து, விதவிததி வரசரஇ கேளிகள்புரிஈ்து இனப5த5௮, தான்பரீ லோகம்‌ பத்‌ அல்ல ரட்ட ட்ட அத செனக்‌ கூமிமோ? 2... டன்‌ 4 ல்‌ பலருளரென்பதஇில்‌ சந்தேகிக்க. ல்ல பக ட்‌ ச்தவியாஜத்தைக்‌ கொண்டாவது பரத்‌ எ உச்சரித்தாலும்‌ போஅமென்பதற்கு தம்மவரில்‌ வெ குவினோகமான உபாக்கியானமொன்றுண்டு, க கருகே டன்‌ தெய்வத்தின்‌ பெயரைக்கூட உச்சரிக்க தில்லை யெனப்பிரஇச்சியை செய்‌ அகொண்டு, தன்மக்களிரு வர்க்கும்‌ சின்னசாரை, பெரியராரையென்று பெயர்‌ ட்டானென்றும்‌; ௮ச்தியம காலத்தில்‌ மூத்தவன்‌ அருகிலில்லாமையால்‌ இளையவனை யமைத்து சரசர ய்‌ ௮ண்ணனைக்‌ கூப்பிடென்ரு னெனறும்‌ ; ௮௮ நாராயண. சப்தத்துக்கு௪ சமானமாக. விட்டபடி யால்‌, அதை உச்சரித்த மாத்திரத்தில்‌ ௮வன்‌ ௧ இ யடைந்தா னென்றும்‌ ; ஈம்மவ ருரைக்கன்றன விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௨௯ . பசவத்சாமோச்சாரணக்துக்குள்ள மூமையை செயோக்‌இியாய்‌ உரைச்திருப்பதாய்ச்‌ சொள்ளும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ இரத உபாக்கியானம்‌ வெகு ௮மகானதெ றே ஓக்அச்கொள்ள வேண்டுமாலும்‌, கேவலம்‌ மனதும்‌ பிரவர்த்திச்சாமல்‌, அவர்‌ நாமத்தை யுச்சரி பதினாலாவ2, அல்லது துர்விஷயத்தில்‌ அவர்உத. பியைக்‌ கோருவதினாலாவது, கடவுள்மனமிரகங்கி 5 ௦க்கு. உதவுவாரென்பது எங்கள்‌ புத்திக்கெட்டவி றலை, இவ்விடத்திலுள்ள கோயில்களை பிவவாராக்‌ 9விட்டது.மன்றி, பரமபதம்‌ செல்லும்‌ போது த மை எதிர்‌ கொள்ள அனேக தாசிகள்‌ வருவா [களென ஜாமீன்கூதிய அசாரியர்களும்‌ பலருள்‌ . இதல்‌ நம்பிக்கையற்றவர்‌ விசாரணையால்‌ தெளி வார்களாகையால்‌ அதைக்குறித்து இவ்விடத்தில்‌ வி ரித்தரைக்க வேண்டிய இல்லை, கடைசியாக, புத்த குன்றி யவருக்கே : -கோயில்க. ளேற்பட்டதாய்‌ ஒக்‌ தஃகொள்ளும்‌ ஈம்மவர்‌ அத்சன்மையான புத்திகு றி யவர்‌ 'வே௫ிசட்குமாத்திரம்‌ வ௫சப்படமாட்டாரெ ன்ப எல்வளவுகேரோ எங்கள்‌ மனச்‌ கெட்டவி ல்ல. ப டன வேச௫ிகளிணக்கத தா ல்‌ புத்திகெடுவார்களெனில்‌, தீதிரன்றியவார ௧இ கைமுதிக டப்பா அக இர்தத்தர்மார்கத்‌ தைக்‌ கோயிலில்‌ அங்கேரிக்கவேயல்லவா, வருத்தமி ன்றிப்பணத்தை யடைந்தவெறும்‌ பெரியமனிதரெல்‌ லாம்‌ லஜ்ஜைவிட்டு, “என்மேளம்‌ ஈன்னாயாடுகிறாள்‌ ௨௪௦0 . வேதகஸமாஜ, என்மேளம்‌ ஈன்ராயாடுஇறாள்‌”” என்று வெளியி ்‌. ப்பிரதிஷ்டைகூறிக்‌ கொள்ளுகிழுர்கள்‌. ௬-வ௮. அர்ச்சையினல்‌ சோம்பேதிப்‌ பிழப்புச்னு பொய்மோசம்முகலிய சகலபாபங்களுக்கும்‌ எவ்வ வு இடமுண்டாகிறதோ அதைச்சற்று: மன தற்கொல ளவேண்டும்‌. இரண்டுகோயில்கள்விவாதப்பட்டுக்கே ர்ட்டிகளில்வக ௮ விஞுக்தால்‌ சத்காக்கஸ்காபன த்‌ ன காகவென்று கோயில்‌ அறையார்கள்‌ ன வவட த களைப்போல்‌ சொமாக்தரங்களில்பிரவர்தித்‌அப்பல6 தவரிகள்போட்டுப்‌ பொருள்சேர்ப்பது அனைவர்க்கு॥ தெரிச்தவிஷயம்‌. இவ்வாுவிவாதமில்லாவிடில்‌ கே (பில்‌ அறையார்களுக்கு இலாபம்‌ இடையாதாகையாகு விவாதத்தைக்சல்பித்அப்‌ பாமரஜனங்களை யேமாத்தி ப்பொருள்பறிப்பதே அவர்களுக்குப்‌ பிரசானஉத்ே சியமாகவிருக்கிறு, ஜனங்கள்‌ மனப்பூர்வமாய்‌ ட பொருளளிக்‌ இன்மனரேயன்றி எமாச்சல்லவென்‌ ௮ நினைக்கவேண்டாம்‌. ஏனெனில்‌ மூக்கில்‌ காமத்தை பிமுபபதிலும்‌ அமிப்பதிலுமே பிரமாகம்‌ சம்பவிட பதாக பலபண்டி தரென்பவர்‌ சொல்வதைக்‌ கேட்டு அவ்விரண்டு மதங்களுக்கும்‌ உள்ள உண்மையான பேதங்களை யதியாமலே பொருளளிக்ொர்களென்ப தற்கு சாதி விசாரிக்கவேண்டிய௰ அவகியகமில்லை கென்கலை வடகலைசண்டையில்‌ அவரவர்‌ கசஷிக்கு ஆவேசத்துடன்‌ பொய்சாக்ஷி சொல்லவரும்‌ இருவ வரைப்‌ பிடித்‌.௮க்‌ கொண்டு உங்கள்‌ மதங்களுக்கு விண்ண்ப்பம்‌. ௨௪௧ தாசதம்மியல்கள்‌ என்னவென்று கேட்போமாகி ஈஅவர்களுரைக்கும்‌ விடையே எங்கள்‌ பேச்சின்‌ (ண்மைக்குப்போ தமான நிதர்சனமாகும்‌. மதங்க யம்‌ நீதிகளையும்‌ குறதித்தஞானததை சாதாரணஜ டங்கள்‌ அதிந்தகொள்ளலாகாதாவெனில்‌ நம்மவ ல்‌ என்னப்பன்‌ கூகத்சாடிஎனக்காப்‌ பிச்சை போ )டன்சிறபடி. ஆசாரியபுங்ஸ்‌ அவம்‌ புத்திர பெளத்‌ (௬, ்‌ 12 அ ட்டினால்‌, ஒற்றைக்சண்ணனுக்கு சுந்தரமென்று பெ ரபாரம்பரியமாய்‌ வரவேண்டியதென்குற ஏற்பா பரிடுவதபோல்‌ கையெழுத்துப்‌ போடமாட்டாதவ இல்லாம்‌ பெரும்பாலும்‌ ஆசாரியபுருஷர்களுக்கு ள்‌ ளே. ப்ருப்பார்கள்‌. இவர்களால்‌ அடையத்தக்க ஸ்‌ ரனவிகசா௪த்தை வர்ணித்து எங்களால்‌ முடியாகா ன சயால்‌ வைஷ்ணவர்களுக்குள்‌ வழங்கும்‌ ஒருஉபா ச்யொனத்தை 'இவ்வி_த்தில்‌ உரைக்கிமோம்‌. வெ குகாலம்வரையில்‌ செல்வப்‌ பிள்ளையாக வளர்ந்த ஓ ரூவர்‌ பிதுர்வியோக மடைச்சபின்பு ஆசாறிய புங்ஸ்‌ வத்தை வத இத்தன கொள்ளும்படி. கேரிட்டபடியா ல்‌ 2ஷர்களுச்‌ கு உபதே?க்கும்‌ பொருட்டு ஒருதனி யன்‌ செய்‌.துகொடுக்கும்படி மற்றொருவரைக்‌ கேட்‌ 4, அவர்‌ உபொட்டைத்தலையும்‌ திங்கப்பல்லும்‌ தொ ட்‌ 9 கடயாகூடா[0௦ வலாட௦ விஹவ ௦ ௨விவணில௦ 3௦ ம உஉடஃர(யி_5௦ வ௦0௨._கா_5௦1:0௦ புவ மாயி_ந௦. \| ௨௪௨ வேகஸமாஜ, க்திப்‌ பொதியும்கொழுப்பும்‌ டம்பமுமுடையவும்‌ ௪ கரம்பாடிக்‌ கூனிபெற்றவம்‌ தாதாசாரியரைச்சேலி இறேன்‌” என்று ஒருதனியன்‌ செய்துகொடுக்தார்‌. நதத்கனியனை வைச்‌ அக்கொண்டே அவர்சிஷியர்களு ச்கெல்லாம்‌ உபதேடகத்௮ வந்தகாரென வைஷ்ணவர்‌ ள்‌ வேடிக்கையாக உரைத்தபோதிலும்‌, இது ௮௪1 பாவியமென்று நினைச்சவேண்டாம்‌. ஏனெனில்‌ தகி ரியர்கள்‌ கிரந்தம்‌ சாதிக்க தொடற்கையில்‌ அவ்வி இனவர்‌ தானாவென்றும்‌, கிருக்காப்புசெர்கதாமித்க வென்றும்‌ விசரரித்‌ அச்கொண்டு ஒகஷிஷிவ; வ ப்‌ காயா (சாக்ஷ்ஹெக,௦ விலீஷணு”” என்ப போன்ற வாக்கியங்களைக்‌ மப்படி ஊர்தினுவசு வரத்‌ இல்‌ உச்சரிக அவிட்டு 6ே விவீஷணு - விபீஷணாத்‌ “வாருக்கு, றாலமாயா - - கால்களில்‌ சலங்கைக பன்னு (மாக்ஷ்வெ௦. ௦ - ஒரு பெரிய எக்திர :திதின்மேல்‌ பட தவக்‌ கவிஷிவ) - “தீர்த்த “மாட்டினார்கள்‌"என்று பொருள்கூ௮வ௫ம்‌ அத்தரு ணத்தில்‌ அயலார்யாரெனு மிருச்சாக்ஷேபிச்சால்‌ “ஓ ருவீட்டுக்கு இரண்டுவாசல்படி ய்ருர்கால்‌. சாலதக்ஷ பதீதுக்கு விரோதம்‌”என்‌ த முடி.ச்துப்புல்சசக்தைகி கட்டுவதும்‌ பலமொழியாடிவிட்டகல்லவா ? இவ்வி ஷயகத்தைக்‌ குறித்து வேறுஇ கிரசதத்‌இல்‌ விசாரிச்சப்ப மொகையால்‌ இவ்விடத்தில்‌” விரிதீ தரைக்க வேண்டி விண்ணப்பம்‌: உ இல்லை. ஆக இலும்‌ ஆசாரியபுருஷர்கள்‌ பட்ட இத்தன்மையரே யென்று நரங்கள்‌ உரைக்கவில்‌ . ஈல்ல௪க்தியுள்ளவர்களோ வெனில்‌ தாங்களறி6 தை அயலாருக்‌ குரைத்அவிட்டால்‌ தங்கள்மகிமை 22ய/மென 7, அல்லது லாபம்‌ குன்றுமென்‌ ர சகலத்தையும்‌ ரகூயங்களென்றும்‌, ௮தை அய ரருபதேடக்கக்கூடாதென்றம்‌, முதலில்‌ தங்களுகி நஸ்‌ குத்தகை. யாக்சிக்கொண்டு. தங்களிடத்தில்‌ ௨ தேசம்‌ பெற்றுக்கொள்வதற்கும்‌ அகந்த நிற்பந்தஙு ளையும்‌ தடைகளையும்‌ 'ஏற்படுத்திவிடுெ படியால்‌ வர்களிடத்தில்‌ உபதேசம்‌ பெற்றுக்‌ கொள்வோர்‌ வகுசிலராயும்‌, அர்சச்லரும்‌ அதையாக்பிக்க உபதே௫ச்கும்‌ டா தவராயும்‌ ஆகஇிவிடுகன்றனர்‌. ி॥ிஷயம்‌உண்மையில்ஹாசியமாயிருக்தாலன்தி அதை சஷியமாய்வைப்பதற்கு ஹே௫இன்னதென்று விள ப கக்‌ உபதேசிப்போருடைய பொருளாசை யே அதற்கு ஹே வெனில்‌ காங்களதை யாக்ஷூபிக்‌ கவில்லை. வெகுகாலம்‌ குருகுல வாசம்செய்து, மகா விசுவாசம்‌ பெற்று, ஸ்ரீபாததீர்த்தமும்‌ கெளபீன த ர்த்தமும்‌ சாப்பிட ஓப்பிச்‌, சொன்னத கலகல ட்டும்‌ நிலைமைக்குவக்து, அப்பன்தேடிய அரும்‌ "பொருளெல்லாம்‌ கக்னொலொழிய இந்த லோகோத்‌ தமான ரசசயங்களை அறதியக்கூடாமல்‌ போகின்‌.ஐ மையால்‌, வேகுபேர்‌ இகத ஞானவிகாசமின்தியேகா ன்‌ ஃதைச்சறித்கும்பம்‌ நேரிடுிற.அு. கடைசியாக ௮ ௨௪௪ வேகஸமாஜ, தைப்‌ பெற்ற சிலரும்‌ அதனாலடைகத முடி வெ வெனில்‌ தமதாசாரியன்‌ கதியை ஸ்தாபிக்க எ ன்மையான கொடியகடிருத்தியங்கள்‌ செய்காலு அவையெல்லாம்‌ ஆசாரியன்‌ கடாக்ஷமாகய தாம்பி பஸ்மக்இனால்‌ சருதக்களாகய ,வர்ணமாஇவி( க௰சென்பதேயாம்‌, இவ்வாறு சிஷியர்களுை ம மெளட்டியமே தங்களுக்கு பரமப்பிரயோசனமெ ன்‌ கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ ஆசாரியர்களுடைய ஆக்இை ககா ஒருபாலும்‌, பாமரபக்‌ அச்சஞுடைய மெரட்டுத்‌ கொருபாலும்‌, பயக்‌. மனமில்லாதவரும்‌ வயி) ரிக்தாயினும்‌. பொருளைத்‌ தொல்க்கிரார்கள்‌ என்‌ அம்‌, இவ்வாறு கொள்‌ஆாயிடும்‌ பொருளைக்கெர ண்டு கோயில்‌ அுறையாரும்‌. ஆ சாரியபுருஷர்களும்‌ வீடு கோட்டம்‌ தாசிதாப்பார்களுடன்‌ கட த லோகப்பிர௫ித்தம்‌, மற்றகொடிய இ ருத்தியல்களை விரிதீ அரைத்தால்‌ பிரகிருகதஇல்‌ பெரியமனிதரெ ன்௮ு பெயரிட்டுக்‌ கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ ட அது ருத்தமுண்டாகுமாகையால்‌ இவ்விஷயத்தில்‌ அவற்‌ வாமனதே சாக்ஷியென்று குதிப்பிவெதேபோஅம்‌, ) ௮டிற்க இம்மார்க்சத்‌ இனுல்‌ மனிதர்‌ தர்ம எல இ தைமறகது, அதர்மங்களையே தர்மமெனச்கொண்டு, ட ரி9ன்ு கொடுமைகளை நினைக்கில்‌ மனமெரிகின்த ௮) சொல்லகா வெழும்பவில்லை, கேட்கக்‌ கர்ணகடரமா ஃவிருக்கும்‌, வெளிஜில்லாக்களில்‌ உயர்க்த அதிகாரிக ஞக்கு இச்சி பக்இரசம்‌ பெருகத்தொடல்‌இனால்‌, ப விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௪௫௫ வாயிரம்‌ குடும்பங்களைக்கெடுத்‌ அ அவர்களுடைய டார்ச்சிசத்தைக்‌ கதறும்படிப்பறித்து கோயில்க வ்விஷய த்‌ இற்குப்‌ பொருளளிப்பவரெல்லாம்‌ னழமுவசக்தேதேயளிக்இ ரூர்களென்று பிர சகவேண்டாம்‌. சைவர்களும்‌ மாத்அவர்களும்‌ த கள்தங்கள்‌ மனைவிமக்கள்மாருடைய. போஷணைக்‌ பதன்‌ ச௫ிச்கச்செய்தால்‌ கபடி களாகிய பிராமணர்‌ வர்கள்‌ £ செய்சபுண்ணியத்‌் தினால்‌ கூண்டோடு கை வாசம்‌ ச ன்மும்ன்‌ என்றுபுகம்வனு பிறர்க்கும்‌ க. ்லாப்போட வேணுமென்றோ, ம௰ற்றெர்கஏ துவைப்ப உியோ. அவரவரே யறிச்‌ தகொள்ளக்கூடும்‌. பெரி (ச பவரெல்லாம்‌ அ௮னுஷூடித௧.இ இர்தமாரக்கதிதை, நி.8.இ ஸ்‌ யமா யுரைக்சகலாமாவென்ராலோ,; ஆதியில்‌ சூத்திர ரை மோசம்செய்வதற்காச உண்டாக்கிய இவ்வேர்ற்‌ க ௨௪௭ வேகஸமாஜ, பாட்டை பிராம்மணர்‌ எகசேசமாகிலும்‌ அவலம்பி; காவிடில்‌, கூத்தாரும்‌ அதையலுஷ்டிக்க ஒப்பாமை, ல்‌அவர்‌ ட்‌ ட அழ தொட ்‌ ர்க்க தட்‌ ஐகுப்சையும்‌ கம்‌. ஒம்சல்வினையாய்‌ விளங்குவக்ற்குத்‌ திருஷ்டார்‌ கட ்‌ கக்கசாப்புக்காரன்‌ 6 சைகூசாமல்‌ அடுமாடுகளைஹிம்‌ப பதையும்‌ மலையாளத்து ஸ்திரீகள்‌ பசப்பிராயமாய்‌ச இத கன தத தத்‌ அர்‌ 1௮ ம்‌. இந்தச்கொடி.யமார்க்‌ கத்தினால்லிளைசன்‌ உ அள வத்‌ 2 இமைகளை விரித்துரைக்க ஒரு புருஷாயசம்‌ பே காகாகையாலும்‌, ராங்களெழமுத க ௧க௬இய ட தீதகப்‌ வெகுிறிசாகையாலும்‌, அதைஇவவளவுடன்‌ சங்க ௪௮ முடிக்கிறோம்‌. ற்கு டன்‌ ஜஞோர்கள்‌இருர்சஸதி இயைய அக்காலத்தி தில்‌ அ௮ன்னியகாட்டா ௫ டையநிலைமை ை ய்யும்‌, பிரகருதத்தில்‌ / நமக்கும்‌ அன்னியருக்குமுள்‌ ாா பேதத்சையும்‌, சற்று மனதிற்‌ கொள்வோமாஇல்‌ கைப்புண்ணுக்குக்‌ 22 ண்ளுடிவேண்டி௰ிராது. எனுவ ரையில்‌ ஈமதுதேசத்தில்‌ இக்கச்‌ சர்மார்க்கமேற்பட வில்லையோ, எதுவரையில்‌ சர்வசிரேஷ்டமானவும்‌, ஞாளாகந்த சுவருபியானவும்‌, பிரும்மம்‌ ஒருவரையே மது மனம்‌ வணங்கஇற்றோ, அதுவரையில்‌ மதரசர்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ் ௨௪௭ - [ (22% ” ஏகசச்திராதி பத்தியம்செய்துகொண்டு, தாங்க ம்‌ அசண்ட ஐஈவரியச்தை. யனுபவிகத தங்கள்‌ களையும்‌ குறையின்திப்பாலித்‌அவக்தார்களென்‌௮ ட பிற இச்சவிஷம்‌ ந௩ம௮ தேசத்தில்பிரவே௫த்த [ரதிலும்‌ அஅகியானமற்ற ஒரு மூலையில்மாத்திரம்‌ ரவ க்டக்தவரையில்‌ அதற்கியைந்தவாறு கம இராச்சியம்‌ பல சிற்றரசுகளாய்ப்‌ பிரிந்த போகி ௮ன்னியராச்சியத்தாருக்கு இதில்‌ பிரவேசமின்‌ சரம்‌ஒருவாறு சுசமாய்வாழ்க்து வக்தோமென்று - கடைடயாகக்‌, கரைபதண்டு ஒன்னமான தெய்வக்‌ த புறங்கச்‌ெ சய்‌. தவிட்டு அனைவரும்‌ சல்லையும்‌ சட்‌ டை பமே தெய்வமென்று கொண்டாடவும்‌, ௪௪ ன மணிதர்தளுச்‌ கல்‌. விக்கிரகங்களை வார்ப்பிகள ற்றைப்‌ பிரும்மதீஅக்கேகியானோபதேசம்‌ செய்‌ ப்பன்‌ இம்‌ பிருமத்துக்கு மேலானவையென்‌ அ மதிக்கவும்‌, -கதொடங்கவே கடல்‌: கொதித்தால்‌ ராவத்தண்ணீரில்லை என்இிறவும்‌ கூரன்ின் கையில்‌ த இியைக்கொடுத்தால்‌ குடிகெட்டுப்‌ போமென் இற ம, நியாயப்படிக்கு இனி. நம்மவருக்கும்‌ ௮ரசாக்ஷி ம்‌ வெகுசாரமென்று நினை க்‌ அக்‌ கடவுளானவர்‌ மை அயலாருக்கு அடுமையாக்கி 2 அவர்களுதைதி லும்‌ தட்டிச்கொடுத்ததாகத்‌ தேத்றரவு செய்து ள்ள வேண்டிய பிருஇருத நீசதை சைக்குக்கொண் வச்தாரென்றும்‌ சரித்துரங்களா லேற்படுகையில்‌ ம்ச்சையினுடைய சுவருபத்தையு ம்‌ அதனால்‌ ௪டவ 2 ஆகக ருக்கும்‌ ராச்சியாதிகாரம்‌. வரும்பக்ஷத்இில்‌ ஆவி ள்‌ இக்சப்பிர தானதருமத்தைமுதலில்‌ செலுத்‌இவி டுப்‌ பிறகு மற்றகாரியங்களில்‌ பிர வேடிப்பாரெர ௮ம்‌ சொல்வோமாளில்‌ அனைவரும்‌ ஒப்புக்கொள்ள ர்களென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. இனியாவது அர்ச்ை பினால்‌ காமடைந்தஅக்தச திக்கு ம்‌ சாமாசையிழர்‌ கற்கும்‌ உள்ளசம்பநர்தத்தின்‌ சவருபம்‌ ஈம்மவரனை ர்க்குந்தெளிவாய்‌ விளங்குமென ஈம்புசமோம்‌. ஈம்‌( டைய பிரகிரூத தனசசைக்கு இது ஒன்றேகாரச மென்று. நரங்களுரைக்கவில்லை. நம்ம பெண்பாலு பலிக்கும்‌. துன்பங்‌ ங்கள்முதலிய இன்னும்‌ பலகார -ங்கள்‌இகன்‌. பொருட்டுப்‌ பிரவர்த்தித்தபோதிலும்‌. வற்றுள்‌ இந்த பகவனனிக்கிரசமேபிரதானமான ௦ ன்பது எங்களகருக்னு. இச்சண்டாள மார்க்கத்தினா ல்லவா நமது ல படகுக்கு செத்து நாமெல்லாம்‌ யிர்ப்பிணங்களானோம்‌. முடிவில்‌ கரம்ஈமது அ ன்மையாலாவது அயலார்‌ மோசச்தினாலாவ.௪ ம்‌ மயங்கிப்போவது, மனிகராகியசமதியல்புக்குப்‌ ப்‌. மையலல, ஆயினும்‌ உண்மை வெளியானபிறகும்‌, டி விண்ணப்பம்‌; ட )க்குத்‌ தாத்க்தவரால்‌ வெளியான அனாத யுண்மை உய அவலம்பித்தல்‌ . அகவுரவமென்றுமதிப்பதமாத்‌ சரமே, கடவுளிடத்தில்‌ அதிவைப்பெற்ற கமது சவ நபத்‌ அக்கு அடுக்காதகாரியமாம்‌. அஞாதியாய்‌ உடம்‌ டில்‌ உளதிய வியாதியென்று தஇிதிச்சை செய்யாவிடி ல்‌, நராமடையச்‌ ச்சக்க முடிவைக்குதித்து உபதியசிக்க வேண்டுமோ. ஆகையால்‌ அரபிமானத்தைத்‌ தூரி டு த ரயோடுத்ததின்‌மேல்‌ எங்கள்‌ பேச்சின்‌ ௨ மை விளங்குமாஇல்‌; பிறகாவது ஈம்மவர்‌ இதுவ ரை யவலம்பித்த து துர்மார்க்கத்துக்காகமுமுக இவிட்டு, கம்னு பெருங்காலத்தைப்‌ பாமுூக்கறைத்‌ தோமே 'யென்றனுதாபப்பட்டு, இனியாவது சலிக்சாத சன்‌ மார்க்கத்தை யளிச்சவேண்டுமெனஉள்ளுற அவ்வள்‌ எலைக்கேட்டுக்கொண்டு தாங்களும்‌ ரடைக்து அய லார்ச்ஞும்‌ 2ரளிப்பார்களென்று சாக்களாக்தரியமா ய்‌.ஈம்பி, ஈமக்குள்ளேசாகதியாய்‌ உறையும்‌ ஆணும்‌ 'பெண்ணுமல்லதை வணங்‌இ: அன்புடன்‌ பிரார்தீதித ஐக்‌ கொள்ளுகிறோம்‌ கி ௨௫௦ வேசஸகாஜ, நான்காவது அக்தியாயம்‌. ' ளின்‌ அடதத ப்‌ ம. இவர்கள்‌ இய அலிச்ச சண்டனத்தில்‌ குறிப்பிடத்தக்க ன க்ப்‌ வரிசையாய்‌ எழுதி அவற்கின்‌ டல விசா ரிப்பது உடதமென்று நினைக்கிறோ ௧. அவக்கத்தில்‌.. அவர்கள்‌ 4 க்க லே 62 தக்குழுக்கலைக்‌ த ஈன்னிதி பெருக்வென்றே? ன்று அன்புகூர்கது பிரா ததிச்குரகள்‌ என்ன இ யெதுவோ அதுவே பெருகவேண்டுமென்பதே எங்கள்‌ பிரார்த்தனையும்‌. நீதிபரலி, ஐக மத்தியம்‌ ஜனிகது, சேசம்‌ கூஷமமடையுமெனில்‌, எங்கள்‌. பதத கலைவ தினால்‌ யாதொரு பாதகமுமில்லை. எங்க ள்‌ பு ள்முயற்டிக்கும்‌,சி5ை தைக்ழும்‌ இயை, சவா கூலிகெர சிப்பவர்‌ சர்வக௫ியராை கையால்‌ அவருக்கு ஒருவ ௫ டைய இபராச அவூயகமில்லை. ஆகிலும்‌ அவர்கள்‌ சேோரரிக்கை பமுகானபகூக்இலும்‌ நாங்கள்‌ அதனா ல்‌ மனம்கோவவில்லயாகையால்‌, கடவளும்‌ அவர்க காக்‌ கடியாமலிருக்க வேண்டுமென உண்மையான வினயத்துடன்‌ கடவுளைப்‌ பிரார்த்திச்ரம்‌. இவர்‌ கள்‌ எங்களைச்‌ இட்டவேண்டுமெனச்‌ செய்ச யச்தன விண்ணப்பம்‌. “உறுக பன, 9த்தியத்துலம்‌ கேட்கப்போன கும்பகர்‌ ஈன்‌ உ. கேட்டதுபோலாயிற்று. ஏனெ ரில்‌ ஃபேருலவபடு” என்னும்‌ லிசேஷணம்‌ எங்களை )யாட்டும்‌ முன்வேததீமைப்‌ பற்றுகிறு. ஓ ஒருவேளை வார்கள்‌ ள்கருத்தே அப்படி யிருந்தாலுமிருக்கலாம்‌. ௮ ன னில்‌, உண்மையில்‌ இவர்கள்‌ வேத்த்தைச்சு௬ட்‌ ட்‌ மூலைபில்போட்டுகிட்டு, “அன்னியமிக்தஇரம்‌ கரி தியாமி” (வது இதி இரனைப்‌ படைப்பேன்‌) என்று ராண, ஆசம்‌, தமிழ்ப்‌ பிரபந்த, சம்பிர தாயாதிக்‌ இ ததங்களை முட்ட ணம்‌. துச்‌ சொண்டு நடக்க றவர்‌ லவா ! ஆனால்‌ இவர்கள்‌ ; தங்கள்‌ மகிமையைக்‌ கூறும்‌ பாதம்‌... சற சல்பங்கள்‌ செய்துகொள்ளும்‌ போதம்‌, சாளஅவரையில்‌ வேதமார்க்கப்‌ 'பிரதிஷ்‌ 3 புடையவரென்றும்‌, சரெளதல்மார்த்தர்களெ ளன ம்‌ சொல்லிக்‌ கொள்ளுகிறார்களே யெனில்‌, அது ட்‌ உாள அவரையில்‌ அவர்சட்குத்‌ தட்டுப்படாமையா மயன்‌ ன்றி வேறல்ல. ஏனெனில்‌ வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ அனாதியாய்‌ - வழங்க இவந்தமக்‌இரங்களி லெல்லாம்‌, & ஈபிராம்மணர்களைச்சேவிக்கிறேன்‌௭ என்றுவருவதெல் லாம்‌ மாற்றி ர 4 ஸ்ரீவைஷ்ணவர்களைச்‌ சேவிக்க வேன்‌” என்று சொல்லிவருவற லோகப்பிர௫ித்தம்‌. நலீனர்கள்‌ உபயவேதாரந்தப்பிரவர்த்தகரென்௪; ற.பெ கொண்டாலல்லவா இந்த வ. க. இறகென்று இனிஈம்மவர்‌ அகமப்பிரஇஷ்டை ய ப வரென்னும்‌ பிரிதை வகத்க்கொள்வார்களெ௨ தம்‌ சம்பாவியமே. ்‌ ட்‌ ௨. சபக்ஷகரறால்‌ “பொய்யையும்‌ மெய்யாய்ப்‌ே ௬ம்‌ புகமுடை விபக்ூகரே? என்றமைக்‌ சப்ப 3 வலிபக்ூகர்‌ சபக்கரைகோக்கி 6 ப்ப ப அ ஐழைத்ததமன்‌.றி:அக்கன ௪ை பயாருச்குக்காதாகக னமைந்சேன்‌”' என்று எங்கள்‌ ரத தனி வகாலத்தில்லாமல்‌ வக்€லாரகத்‌ தான்வக்கதாயம்‌ ட்‌ 8] டையரைக்‌ இருக்கிறான்‌. விபகூகன்‌ பொய்யனெஎ பதை ஐக்ஷபிக்க எங்களுக்குத்‌ இறமில்லை, ஏக னில்‌ எங்களுக்குவச்சகீலெனம்‌. பிரத்தியக்ப்‌ பொப்‌ ரைம்‌ தவனைமெய்யனென்௮ு சாதிக்க எங்களால்‌( ஓடியா, லபக்ஷகனுடைய யோக்ெதையைக்‌ குத த்‌ தோவெனில்‌, ஆயிரப்‌ புஸுகனென்று பிரி.அ.கூதி ம்‌ விபக்ஷகனுக்குப்‌ பிராணசினே௫ி௫ச னென்பகெ ன்றுதவிர, வாகச்‌ ல்‌ வேளரொன்றையம்‌ ம்‌ சளறியோம்‌. அஇருக்கிட்டும்‌, இதம்‌ ம்சென்னசொக “லுஒருய்‌ "என்று ஒவ்வொரு பிரதிக்கியையையும்‌ ஒட புவிக்க மாத்திரம்‌ திறமுடைய விபகூ.கனைக்‌ சேம்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௫௩ வத்துக்சொண்டு. வாதிக்கத்‌ தொடங்கியதில்‌ சப சனுடைய உத்தேசியம்‌ இன்னதென்று விளங்கவி லை. ஒருதலை வழக்காடும்‌ பழக்கமே அதற்கு ஹே வென ச்சரும்‌, புஸ்தகம்‌ பெருத்து துக்காட்ட விப கனை வியாஜமாகக்‌ கொண்டு, அனுபயுக்த விஷய களைக்‌ இரந்தகர்த்தா எழுதி யிருக்கிறாரெனச்‌ சில ம்‌. உரைக்இன்றனர்‌. ஆயினும்‌ உண்மை யின்னதெ அ. சொல்ல நாக்கள்‌ கடமைப்பட்டிருக்க வில்லை. ௩. “கூர்மையான பு.த்தயோடும்‌ நேர்மையான பத்தியோடிம்‌ சான்சொல்லுிற வசனத்தைக்‌ கேட்‌ 'பிராக? என்று அவர்கிரந்தத்தைத்‌ தொடங்கு;இழுர்‌. 2வதஸ்மாஜகண்டன மெழுஇியிருக்கும்‌ ரீதியே அவ நடை ய: கஉர்மையானபுத்திக்கும்‌;” அவரெடுத்த ௧ யின்‌ சவரூபமே அவருடைய “நேர்மையான பதீ க்கும்‌” போது. மான நிதர்சனமாயிருக்குமாகையால்‌ தவரவற்றை வெளியிட்டுக்கூறியதனாவசியகம்‌, ஒரு 2 வளை மத்தியஸ்தர்களவத்ை றயறிக்து கொள்ளாமற பாவார்களோவென்௫ற சங்சையால்‌, அவரவ்வாறு கூறும்படி நேரிட்டிருக்கலாம்‌. காங்களதை ஆக பிக்சாமை மாத்திரமேயன்‌தி, அனைவரும்‌ அதை ஈம்‌ பவேண்டியதென்றும்‌ கேட்டுக்கொள்ளுகிறோம்‌. ௪. “உங்கள்‌ வேதஸமாஜத்தின்‌ முதலாவது நிபந்தனையைக்‌ கேட்க ஆரம்பத்திலுண்டான ௪ ்‌ ந்தோஷமும்‌ முடிவி லஓுண்டான மனவி ருத்தமும்‌ ப £ இங்கு சொல்ல முடியாகனவார யிருக்கின்றன. ? ௨௫௪ வேகஸமாஜ, என்னு, சொல்லி யிருக்கற௫. . இதலரை ஜூ ராஇகளை ஏமா ற்றி மோசம்செய் து வர்தவாறு, இ யம்‌ ரச்‌ கரங்கள்‌ தடையாக வருவ இனா அன்தென்த ட அத. ரப ட ட மோசமின்னசென்று இலவ்வி௨க்இ அலரக்கவேண்‌ னு ்‌ ட்‌ ல ்‌ பக்‌ உட யில்லை. மாகையாலும்‌, அதைக்குறித்து எங்க ப ்‌ இ. க அடி ௫ ௫. [ஆ ர்‌ டைய நான்காவதுவிண்ணப்பத்தில்விவாமாய்ச்செர ல்லப்படுமாகையாலும்‌, இக்சதக்கண்டனை. யென்பை மியற்றினவர்‌ அணிரஈ்து சுரஇப்பிரமாண 0 ய்‌ உசஹரிச்திருப்பசொன்றை பிவ்விடச்தி இருஷ்‌ டாச்சமாயுரைப்பசே பேோரதமென்று நினை கஜம்‌. ௫... இஈசக்கூட்டத்தில்‌: உண்மையான ஸத்ஸ “ம்பிரதாயமகிக்த ஞானிகளாகய புண்ணியவான்‌ சியி த கநம்‌, தாய்‌ தர்கை குருவின்‌ வார்த்தை தீவமுத கண்ணியவான்களும்‌ சேரமாட்டார்சகளென்று நிச்‌ “ சயிப்பதற்குச்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை!” என்று சண்டனைச்‌ காரர்‌ உரைத்திருக்கிருர்‌, இவர்‌ ஆதரிக்கும்‌ ஸ்லம்‌ பிரசாயத்தின்‌ ஸ்வருபம்‌ இதன்முன்‌ மூன்று அத்தி யாயங்களால்‌ நன்முய்‌ விளங்குமாகையால்‌ அவ ர்க ளிக்கூட்டத்தஇற்‌ சேரமாட்டார்களென்பஅ ம... பல்ல. . நாங்கள்‌ சண்ணியவான்்‌௧ளென்று விலா ஈம்‌ போட்டுக்கொண்டு இரியவில்லை பாகையால்‌ எற்ககா அவர்‌ கண்ணியவான்்‌௧க எல்லவெனள்பதஇனலை அனு இரத்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. -௨௫டு ரங்களுக்கு மனவருத்தமில்லை. தாய்‌ தந்‌ைத குருவி ன்‌ வார்த்தையைத்‌ தவறுதல்‌ சண்ணியத்துக்கு இ சயாதெ தன்பது சாமானிய “விதியேயல்லாமல்‌ ச ரரணவிஇயல்ல. - எறன்னையும்‌ பிதாவும்‌ முன்னதி' தெய்வம்‌' என்றும்‌, £ தரயைத்‌ பசக டடத வது தந்தையைத்‌ தெய்வமாகஅடை; கு குருவைத்‌ தெய்வ மாகஅுடை; விருந்தைத்தெய்வமாகஅடை,”எ என்றும்‌ சொல்லியிருப்பதஉண்மை, உலகத்தில்‌ மனிதர்க்குக கற்பிக்கவேண்டிய விஷயங்கள்பலவும்‌, கற்பிக்கவே த. விஷயங்கள்‌, சிலவும்‌, உளவென்பதில்‌ சந்‌ ண்டா இகமில்லையே: பிறருபதேசமின்தி எழுதப்படிக்க வும்‌, ஒருதொழிலில்‌ முயலவும்மாட்டாத ஒவ்வொரு வனும்‌ பிறர்சகாயமின்தியே சுவயமாய்‌ உண்டு ராடி. னா உறற்கக்‌ கற்றுக்கொள்ளுகி “ரொனல்லவா ! இக இனா ்‌ அத்தியாவசியமான விஷயங்களில்‌ உபதேசம்‌ அனாவ௫யகமா யிருக்ஞும்படி கடவுளமைத்‌திருக்கினு ரென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லையே. இவ்வாதே காமனைவ! ரும்‌ அனவரசம்‌ கடவுளைத்‌ தொழுதேற்றிக்‌ களிக்க வேண்டுமென்று ஓப்புக்கொண்டிருக்கிறவிஷயத்தை த்தாய்‌ தந்‌ைத கு குருவிருக்தைத்‌ தொழவேண்டுமென்‌ த பேதவாக்கியத்தில்‌ சொல்லாம ட ப க்ட்‌ அனவ தா_கடெவொலவரு : ௨.௧௨ வொ ம்‌ வா, சூவாய) 4டெவொலவா, ௪.சியிஷெவொ 18 ௮வார. ட 11:29 ௨௫௭ வேகஸமாஜ, யால்‌ ௮சை வெளிப்பட உரைக்கலில்லையென்றும்‌; , ம ற்றவர்களுக்குரிய தாரசம்மியக்யொனம்‌ சொன்னா லன்தி விளங்கமாட்டாத சவுண தர்மங்களாகையரி ல்‌ அவற்றை மூறையாயடிக்கிச்‌ சொல்லியிருக்க தென்றும்‌ விளங்கும்‌. “முர்‌இத்தவங்கடந்து முன்னா “று காட்சுமநத, அர்‌ இபகலாய்‌ சவனையாதரித்‌ அத £ தொந்திசரியச்‌ சும அபெற்ற பிறகோவெனில்‌ வ ட்டிலிலும்‌ கொட்டிலிலும்‌ மார்மேலும்‌ தோள்மே லும்‌ கட்டிலிலும்வைத்சதென்னைக்‌ காதலித்து முப்‌ £ டச்சிறஇலிட்டுக்‌ கரப்பாற்றிச்‌ €ராட்டி. சோவாம ன்‌ “ லெரஇரமுலைதத்‌அு வளர்த்தெடுச்‌அக்காமாமேயக்‌இ : பகல்‌ மாகக்குருவி பறவாமற்கோதாட்டி மெள்ள : முகம்மேல்முகம்வைத்‌்து,முத்தாடி என்றன்மகனே, “உரிசையுள்ளதேனே, கெள்ளமுதே,” என்றழைத்ன மசன்களிச்க முூகமலாக்அ அவன்வருந்த ஆவியொ. டுங்கும்‌ சாயைக்‌ கடவளுக்கு மாத்திரம்‌ தாழ்ந்த வளா௫லும்‌ மற்உவரனைவா்க்கும்‌ மேலானவளென்று. விளக்க ச௬ருதியானது அவளை முதலில்‌ உரைத்த காம்‌ தோன்றியது முதல்‌ ஈமதுயிர்‌ வாழ்க்கைக்‌ ட அதியமையாக்கருவியாகிய பொருளைப்படைதது ர்ச்தி. ௮ அறிவைப்புகட்டி அன்பு பாராட்டி சன்பேறுக ளிலெல்லாம்‌ .சறஈதத மக்கட்பேறென மஇத்துத்‌ தானுயிர்வாமு மளவமாத்‌ொமேயன்கறி பிறகும்‌ சுக விண்ணப்பம்‌: உ௫ள \| ந்தோஷ ஆனந்த: அனுபவங்கள்‌ தன்‌ மக்களுக்கு லைத்திருக்க வேண்டுமென இரவும்பகலும்‌ உழை தப்பொருள்குவித்‌ அத்‌ தன்மக்களிடத்தில்‌ ஒப்புவி பமன்‌ தித்‌ தான்மாண்டபிறகும்‌ மக்கள்மஹிமை ) யச்‌ காப்பாரென்ற. இருப்தியடலும்‌ கண்ஞூடும்த தை, தாய்க்கொப்பாகாவிடிலும்‌, மற்றவர்ச்கெல்லா ்‌ இிறந்தவனாகையால்‌ சுருதஅவனை இரண்டாவதா. விதித்த௮. கடவுளும்‌ தாய்தந்தைகளும்‌ பிராணி ரமானியமும்‌ ஈமக்குப்புரியும்‌. நன்மைகட்காக நர்‌ ்‌ செய்யக்கடமைப்‌ பட்டிருக்கும்‌ தொழில்களின்‌ எவையென்றும்‌, தர்மாதர்ம தாரதம்மியங்க ளித்த ளமையானவையென்றும்‌ பொருள்ப, ,டத்துச்‌ செல ப ழிக்கவேண்டியவழியின்னதென்ம்‌, இம்மையிலும்‌ ம துமையிலும்‌ சகம்பெ அவதற்கு ௨ உபாயங்க ளின்ன வையென்றும்‌, அன்புகூர்கது உபதேக்கும்‌ ஆசாரிய ஊ ஹன்றாவதாகக்‌ : கொள்ளுஇழுர்கள்‌. சன்மார்க்க ங்களை யவலம்பித்து நன்முயர்ச்சி செய்தும்‌ அல்ல அழமுயலச்சக்தியற்றும்‌ உணவுக௫டைகச்காமல்‌ ஆ.த்மஹ த்திக்குப்‌ பயறு ஆவூயகத்துச்காகக்‌ கடவுளாலே வப்பட்டு ஒருவாயன்னங்கேட்க நம்மிடம்வரும்‌ ௮தி இகளுக்கு நாம்மனமிரங்‌இ உதவினால்‌ கடவுள்மனமு வப்பாராகையால்‌ விருந்தினர்‌ மற்றவர்க்‌ கொப்பாகர 'விடிலும்‌ அவரையும்‌ மனத்தாழ்வு வாராதுஆராகிக்‌ க வேண்டுமென்௫இற ஹே அவினால்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பூஜியர்‌ “களுக்குள்‌ கடைவராய்‌ வைச்சப்பட்டனர்‌, இவ்வா ௨௫௮ வேகமா, ௮. இயல்பா யேம்பட்டிருக்கும்‌ தார. தம்மியல்கதீ க்சவனிக்கசாமல்‌ விருக்தின்பேச்சைக்கேட்டுக்குருஷ க்கைவிட்டாலும்‌ குருவின்‌ பேச்சைக்‌ கேட்டுத்‌ ய்கந்சைகளைக்‌ கைவிட்டாலும்‌, இவர்களில்‌. யார்‌ ல்‌ மாதம்‌ வந்‌ அறமென்பஇல்‌ சந்தேகமுண்டோ! மே குறித்த ஐவகையாரில்‌ இருவர்‌ ஈம்மை எககரலத்ீ ல்‌ ஒன்றுக்‌ கொன்று கேர்விரோதமான இரண டுமார்க்கங்களில்‌ செல்லும்படி ஆக்கொபிப்பார்‌ ளெனில்‌ நாம்‌ அவ்விருவமியிலம்‌ செல்ல முடிய/ காகையால்‌ அவற்றில்‌ ஏதாவது ஒன்றையே அல ம்பிக்கவேண்டுமென்பது நிச்சயம்‌, ஆலம்‌. . ற்றுள்‌ எதை யொழிக்கக்கூடும்‌, எதை யவலம்பிக்‌க வேண்டும்‌, என்பதை (ந்த தங்கி தொல்ள லை யது. தமக்கு விலகாக்கடமைமையாகும்‌, ஏனெனில்‌ தாழ்க்தவரை இணங்கி உயர்ந்தவர்‌ கோபசக்கைத்த டுக்க நம்மால்‌ முடியுமோ 1 இஅபற்றிதான்‌ இரண்ட விபத அக்கள்‌ வர்‌ தறுமாயின்‌ அவற்றுள்‌ லேசான ம்குள்‌. பட்டுபஞவரனதைக்‌ தடச்கமுயல்லசே புத இசாலிச்சனமென அனைவரும்‌ ஓ ஒப்புக்‌ சொள்வார்க ள்‌. மனிதனுடைய சுவருபஸ்திதி ஆவசியகாதிகளு னுகுணமாக அவனுக்குரிய கடமைகளில்‌. பல படிக்தான தாரதம்மியங்கள்‌ : ஏற்பட்டி ருக்கின்‌ ற ன. ஈம ஆத்மா நித்தியமாயன்றி இவ்வுடலோடு பிறது இவ்வ டலோடமியம்‌ பக்கதில்‌ நாம்‌ தாயி பூ 1 ன்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௫௯ ந்தைகளைவிடக்‌ கடவுளை மேலாகக்‌ கொள்ளவேண்‌ ய ஆவசியகமில்லாமை உண்‌ மையே. - அப்படிக்கி தி நரம்‌ இவ்விடத்தில்‌ அனுபவிக்கத்தக்க பூர்ணா ஸம்‌ 'இனிகடவுளிடத்தில்‌ பணிசெய்யவேண்டிய கணித அசங்கியேய அகிர்வாச்சிய அநந்த காலத்‌ டன்‌ ஒப்பிடுகையில்‌, கேவலம்‌ பூஜிய (6) மாகவி -வ்குமாகையால்‌ இந்தச்‌ சுன்னை காலத்தில்‌ ஈமக்கு ந்துவா யிருப்பவருடைய விரோதம்பெரிதோ, இ£ பூஜியகாலத்திதும்‌, இனியுள்ளநித்தியகாலத்திலும்‌, பகு தாய்தந்தை நண்பர்‌ சுற்றம்முதலிய சகல ாயுமுள்‌ ள்ளவர்‌ விரோதம்‌ பெரிதோஎன்பகை மன 9 கொள்வோமாயின்‌. மூன்னாவது பின்னாவது சம்‌ 5 நதமற்று நடுவில்‌ சலவருஷ.காலம்‌ ஓட்டுறவாடு "வார்க்குப்‌ பயந்து ஈன்மைக்கமுதும்‌ இிமைக்குவி உறுமான நித்திய பரந்‌ துவை மதஇிக்கவேண்டியதி ுலையெனச்‌ செய்யும்‌ ஞானோபதேசத்தின்‌ மதிப்பை இத்தி விரிச்‌ துரைக்க வேண்டிய ஆவ௫ியகமில்லை. ல்லவிஷயத்தில்‌ தாய்தந்தை தகள்‌ மாத்தாமேயன்‌ ட்‌ மற்றயாருை கல்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பேச்செல்லாம்‌ ட்ட காங்சள்‌ கடமைப்‌ பட்டிருக்தபோதிலும்‌ கொள்ளை கொலைமுதலியவற்றைச்‌ செய்யும்படி யா ர்சொன்னபோதிலும்‌ ௮அஉபதேச மாகுமோ, அதை பவலம்பிக்க வேண்டியதும்‌ விதியாகுமோ ! கடைல யாக காகங்கள்‌ எங்களுக்கு மேற்பட்ட பலவகையா ருக்குமுள்ள உண்மையான தாரசம்மியத்தை மன ஜட. வேத ஸ்மாஜ்‌, தக்தைக்கும்‌ பண - நடக்க டத மெங்கள்‌ மீதுஹே வின்‌ தி யாரேனும்‌ மனவருத்தமி டைந்தால்‌ அதற்காகராங்கள் சங்கடப்பட்டு முடியா ௮. எங்களுடைய பிரவிருத்தி நல்லகாகவே யிருக்‌ ்‌ எங்கள்‌அப்பன்‌ இருவள்ளக்‌ ஐக்‌ இசைக்கிருந்கால்‌ சையாதரிக்க வேண்டியவழியவர்க்குத்தெரியும்‌, ௮ 3 ச்‌ ௬... அணுல்‌ மிகவும்‌ மகிமைதங்கிய வேதப்பிர பாத்தியமான ஹி துமதத்திற்‌ பிஐ5தம்‌ பாலியலி ட்‌ யற்கையினாலேயோ மற்றஎவ்விதவிதிவ௪த்திஞே ல யோ கரும்புகசப்பது வாய்க்குத்றமென்பதபோல ₹ மதிமயக்கத்தினால்‌ ஈமகன்பருக்‌ குண்டாயிருக்கும்‌. ்‌ புன்மதிக்கிரங்கி பெரியோர்களாலேவப்பட்டயாம்‌ ம்‌ 65 லன்‌ வேதார்த்தங்களை ஐ சன்றாயறிக்துகொ “ள்ளும்‌” என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. ஈமஅ.அ.இமத ம்‌மிகவும்‌ மஹிமை தங்கிய வேசப்பிரதிபாத்தியமா னூதென்பதில்‌ எவ்வளவும்‌ சசர்தேகமில்லை. ழ்‌ ம்‌ பிரகருதக்தில்‌ நம்மவர்‌ அவலம்பிக்கும்‌ அர்மார்க்‌ கத்தின்‌ சம்மந்ததிதஇனால்‌ தான்‌ கெட்டதுமன்றி ௪. “ந்திரபுஷ்சரணியையும்‌ கெடுத்சானெ "ன்பஅபே ல வேதக்தின்‌ மஹிமையையும்‌ குறைக்க மூயல்‌வஇ. ல்‌இவர்‌ கருத்தின்னதென்று விளங்கவில்லை. சாங்கள்‌. பார்த்தவரையில்வேகதக்தால்கிந்திக்கப்பட்ட இக்கொ. டிய வழியை வேதப்பிரஇபாச்சதியமானதென்று இவ அத்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௬௧ "சொல்லத்‌ அணிச்தது வெகு௮ச்சரியமாக விருக்இ ) மன்றி அதர்ச்காசாரமாக அவர்‌ சுருஇகளையெடுத்‌ ரைக்கத்துணிந்தது இன்னும்‌ வெகுஆச்சரியமாசகி நக்ற௮. இவர்பிரமாணமாக அவலம்பிக்கும்‌ இர£த களினால்‌ உபதேச ன சத்தியத்தின்‌ சுவரூப இ இதில்‌ அவருதகரிக்கும்‌ சுருதிப்‌ பிரமாணம்‌ ள நிதர்சனமென்பாராகல்‌ ௮இன்‌ தன்மையைம ..... யறிர்்‌அகொள்ளவேண்டியது. நலீன மாய்க்கும்பகோணத்தில்‌ எதாவது வேதம்சிருஷ்டி க சப்பட்டி ருந்தால்‌ அதில்‌ ஒருவேளை இக்த அர்ச்சை 97 இபாதிக்கப்‌ பட்டிருக்சலாமென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமி ல்லை. ஆூலும்‌ பட்டியமான சுருதிகசொன்று அனைவ ராலும்‌ ஒப்புக்‌ கொள்ளப்‌ பட்டிருக்கிற வேதமுழு மையும்‌ அர்ச்சையை நிந்திக்கிற தென்பதற்கு இக்‌ சவிண்ணப்பக்இல்‌ ராங்களெடுச்‌ அரைத்த அனேக ப்பிரமாணங்கள்‌. போதுமான ருஜுவாயிருக்குமா இலும்‌ அதை அர்த்தாக்கரமாயாவனு எல்விடத்தி லாவது ச௫இ ஆமோதித்ததென்பதற்கு யிதுவரையி ல்‌ ஒரு பிரமாணமாவது தலை நீட்டவில்லை. . சாணி யைப்‌ பரிமளமாகக்‌ கொண்ட நம்மவருக்குத்‌ இத்தி க்கும்‌ கரும்பின்‌ ச வரூபத்தை விசாரித்தால்‌ ௮து ௭௪ ங்கட்குமாத்தரமே யன்றி, சவரூபவிசாரம்‌ செய்யு சனை வருக்கும்‌ கசப்ப௮ பு துமையலலை, இப்பேய்கக ரும்பே அவருக்கு இவ்வளவு இனிப்பளிப்பதற்கு வே தத்திற்குறித்தநற்‌ கரும்பையுண்டு அப்பிபசிக்கானம ௬௮ வேகஸமாஜ, மே.காரணமெனச்‌ சிலருரைக்கினும்‌ ௮வ்விஷயத்‌ காங்கள்‌ அபிப்பிராயஞ்சொல்லக்கடமைப்படவில்க அவருண்ணவ்‌ கரும்பும்‌ வேதத்திற்கூதிய கரும்‌ கடைக்தெருவில்வர்‌ அவிட்டபடி யால்‌அவரவருை சுபாலத்துக்கும்‌ உறிசைக்குமிழைக்சவாறு இஷ்டப்‌ னைக்‌ கொள்ளாவார்கள்‌. எங்கட்கு ப்‌:புன்மஇ? லலையென்றாவன கரங்கள்‌ ₹: மதிமயங்க?? மரடட்கே மென்றாவறு மாங்களுரைக்கவில்லையாக கிலும்‌. பிர சதிஇல்‌ எங்கட்டகுண்டா யிருக்கும்‌ “புன்மஇியும்‌? மயக்கமும்‌" சுருதிலயயம்‌ புக்தியையும்‌ தாரா க்கொண்டிருக்கின்றன வென்பகில்‌ . சந்தேகமிர। ஈம அன்பருடைய கன்மதிக்கும்‌. தெளிவிற்கும்‌ தாரமாக௮வர்‌ உகஹரித்க ௬௫இ. 4 பஞ்சபாண்ட ரை கானறியேனா, கட்டிற்காற்போல்‌ மூவரல்‌ “வர? என்பதுபோல்‌ முடிந்ததற்காக தாங்களு மையாகவே பரதவிச்கிஜோம்‌. “எங்கள்‌ புன்மதிக்‌ ரல்கி ய இவர்‌ ௧ம௮ அக்தஸ்‌ அக்‌ இரங்கி யிரூப்ப। ராஇல்‌ இதேத்தொழிலில்‌ அமமதியாமற்‌ காலிட்டு கொண்டிருக்கமாட்டார்‌.. சம்மையேவியதாய் சீ ல்லும்‌ “பெரியோர்கள்‌” நேராய்ச்‌ சஞ்சிகை யெ காமல்‌ இச்தக்குள்ளரைக்‌ சொண்டாழம்பாற்க ள தனித்ததற்கு்‌ கசாரணமென்னவெனச்‌ ௪த்து யோக தீதிருப்பாராகல்‌ இவரிக்கொமிலுக்கு வந்திருக்கமா. ட்டாரென்பதற்குச்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. ஆஇியிற்‌ பிறந்த வேததக்சை மூலையிலடக்கத்‌ தழிழ்வேகம்‌ வச்ச ஐபேற (2 ௩. ௪ ௫. விண்ண பப்ம்‌, உ௧௬௧௯.. அதை மூலையிலடக்க வெர்கட சேஷ. ச்திராசா பர்‌ வேதம்‌ வெளியாறெபடியால்‌ அதையெல்லாரும்‌ வனமாப்க்‌ கேழ்க்கவேண்டியதே, ௮ தத்த லட்‌ ர்‌ அதை எ“நன்ராயறிக் கொள்ளு ட ன்‌இஞார்‌. எ. சர்வலோகசரண்ண ஜியராயும்‌ சச்சிதாகந்தள வருபராயாயுமிரு ஈக்கிறசாகஷ£ச்பரப்பிரும்மத்தினு டையதேஜோமயமாகிய முகத்இினின்று பிராம்மணா ரும்‌, தோளினின்று க்ூஷத்திரியரும்‌, தொடையினின்‌ அவை.பரும்‌, பாதத்தினின்று சூத்தரரும்‌, மனதி னின்னு ௪ ௪ இரனும்‌, கண்ணினின்று சூரியனும்‌, முக னின்‌ றஇர்‌ இரலும்‌, அக்அனியம்‌,பிர ராணத்தினின்‌ நுவாயுவும்‌, காபிமினின்று அற்தரிக்ஷங்களும்‌,மற்றி ன்னமுள்ள அனேகலிகமாகிய வஸ்‌ தக்கள்‌ யாவும்‌ அந்த தப்பிரும்மத்தினது. இவ்விய ரூபத்தினின்றே 2 மபத்தியாயின்‌ வென்௫ம்‌, அதினுடைய திறம்நீல .மரயம்‌ வெண்மையாயுமிருக்குமென்றம்‌, ்‌ அந்தப்ப கவரனே அகப்‌ அல சிவனென்றும்‌, சொ ல்லப்‌ இமென்‌ ன்றும்‌, ஈமனஆரணம்‌ மூன்றாம்‌ பிரி தி பன்னிரண்டா மனுவாகதஇல்‌ அஏம்பமாகிற பு : ௬௨ குக்தமென்ற சுருதி முறையிடுகிறதே'' ன்று சொல்லியிருக்கிறது. இதை குக்தித்‌ தக்‌ கூடியவ ரயில்‌ விரிவாய்‌ இதின்‌ முதல்‌ அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ சார்ச்‌ தத இருக்கிறோ மாகையால்‌ பிரஇிருதத்தில்‌ விசேஷ மாயுரைக்க வேண்டியதில்லை. இந்த புருஷசூக்தம்‌ சேவலம்‌ குணுர்த்தவாதமேயன்றி பூதரரததவாதமல ௩௨௬௪ வேதஸமாஜ, ்‌ த இ ட்ட இக்இராதிதேவர்களும்‌ ஸ்‌. தாக வெளியாஇன்றமையால்‌ விராட்டென்பத்‌ த பொருளென்னவென்று விசாரிக்க வேண்டியதாக ருக்ற௮. வித்தியாரண்ணியரும்‌ மஹீதரரும்பிரப6 சமே விராட்டாகவும்‌, பிராம்மணாதி மஷிசர்சளு இக்திராகி தேவர்களும்‌ அந்தப்‌ பிரபஞ்சத்து அக்கு வையவங்களாசவும்‌, வர்ண்ணிக்கப்‌ பட்டி. ருப்பததி பாஷியஞ்செய்திரு ஈப்பதை முன்னையெரிருபித்திருக்‌ ஜோம்‌அன்தியும்‌அஇனின்‌ அம்விராட்டுண்டாயிற்‌௮ என்கிற வாக்யெத்தினால்‌ விராட்டுக்கு ஒருகாரணி கடத்‌ இது உண்டானதாயும்‌ ஏற்படுகி தப்பத்‌ ல்‌ “அது! என்னும்‌ பொதுப்பெயர்‌ பிரும்மத்தை ்‌ ளக்கிறதென்றும்‌, விராட்டென்பது அஇன்னின்று வேறானவும்‌, அதஇன்னின்‌ அமுண்டானவும்‌. பிரப்சூ மென்றும்‌ நிச்சயிக்கவேண்டி. யிருக்கிறது. அப்பு சன்தி விராட்டைப்‌ பிரும்மமென்றே கொள்ளும்‌ க்ஷத்தி இல்‌,௮அதற்கொரு உற்பத்தியையும்‌, அக்தஉற்பதி க்கொருகாலத்தையும்‌, காரணத்தையும்‌, அஸ்‌ககரிக்‌ வேண்டியதாகிறது. இன ௪கலருடைய மகத்துக்னா ப மம்யஅவைையவவனகைை அவலை மவய ககக 3 கஷாஅமாலகாய. ௪. ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨௬௫ வவாதகொள்கையல்லவர? அன்தியும்‌ ன அதைஎத்த்‌ ரவிகமாகக்கல்பித்தார்கள்‌, அதற்குமுகமெ.; தோ 'களெவை, தொடைகளும்‌,பாதங்களஞுமெவையென்‌ சொல்லப்படுகின்றன” என்ற வினாக்களுக்கு கி. டயாக ஈம௫.அன்பர்‌ உதகரிச்கும்வாக்யெம்‌ வருகி “றமையால்‌ முதலில்‌ இவ்வினஞச்சளின்பொருளைச்‌ ௪ . று மனதிற்கொள்ளவேண்டியதாெ.௮. “எத்தனை சமாசக்கல்பிகத்கார்‌”"என்னும்போ௮ ௪ ச்சனைவிகமா 'வர்ணிச்சாரொன்‌த. சொல்லக்‌ கூடுமேயன்றி, ௮ க சிருஷ்டி. பரமாயாச்கி எக்கனைவிதமாக இருஷ்‌ .ததார்களெனப்‌ பொருர்துமோ? அப்படியாடில்‌ ரர்‌ எதைக்‌ கல்பித்தார்களென்பதைச்‌ சற்றுயோரசி கவேண்டிய. அவ்வாக்கியசந்தர்பத்தால்‌ அதற்குக்‌ ர்த்த ரதேவதைகளென்தேர்ப்படுகிற .. கர்ம்மம்யா ரனில்‌ ஈசமதன்பர்சொல்லுறவாபிரும்மமாகவே ிருக்கவேண்டுமெனில்பிரும்மதீதுக்குஒருகர்த்தா. இ 5$சததாகச ஒருவருமொப்பமாட்டாராகையாலும்‌,பிர ஞ்ச த்கைபிரும்மமேசி ருஷ்டி தீததாகப்பலரும்‌, ௪து மூகன்‌சிருஷ்டி த்ததாகச்லரும்‌, சொல்வார்களேய £லிஇகரகேவதைகள்ிருஷ்டிச்சகாகஒருவரும்சொ லமாட்டார்களாகையாலும்‌, இவ்விடத்தில்கல்பனை ியன்பதற்கு வர்ணனையென்று பொருளாகுமேயன்‌ ரி சிருஷ்டியென்றாகமாட்டாது. இததான்‌ சரியான 9சரள்கையென்பதை “தொடைகளும்‌ கால்களும்‌௪ வையென்௮ சொல்லப்படுன்றன”என்‌றவாச்‌? ௧௯ உக்பா வேத்ஸமாஜ; யம்‌ ஸ்தாபிகதெ.௮. ஏனெனில்‌ நம்மன்பர்‌ வாதிதி றஐவாற௮ு தொடைகளும்‌. பாதங்களும்‌ எவையென்த சிருஷ்டிக்கப்படுகிற தென்றால்‌, பொருளே பில்வ ல்போகிற ௮. 'இதற்குவிடையாக பிராம்மணன்‌ அத குமூகமானான்‌என்பதில்‌, பிராம்மணணை ட்‌. சணமாசவும்‌,முகத்றைக்‌ காரியமாசவும்‌, சொல்லியி( கஇன்றமையால்‌ அதுண்டான த ற்குருன்‌ பிராம்மல கிருக்கசாய்ச்சொல்லவேண்டியதாகிற து. வர்ண யொன்றுகவிர. மற்றொனறி லும்‌ இவ்லிதமாய்கேரிடு அசாத்தியமல்லவெ. கூதி துரியன்‌ தோள்களாக்கம்‌ இ ட்டான்‌, வை௫ியன்‌ எது வோ அதுவே அதற்குத்தெ டைகள்‌ என்‌றெவாச்யெற்களும்‌ மே ற்ஞுறித்தகொ ைையின்தேர்‌ மையைல்காபிக்ன்றன. பாதங்களின்‌ ௮ம்‌ சூத்கிரனுண்டானான்‌, என்த்லா தய ச இனா இவ்வாறே பொருள்செய்யாவிடில்‌ மேத்குதித்தசக்‌ ர்ப்பங்களுக்கும்‌ இவ்விதமாக௨லகல்களைச்சல்பித்‌த॥ கள்‌ என்று இஇன்முடி.வில்‌ வருக ஜெவாக்கயத்திற்கு இசையாமற்போகுமல்லவா! இர்தஹேஅக்களாலெ லாம்‌ இது கேவலம்‌ பிரபஞ்சவர்ணனணையென்று ஏ படுகிற. அப்படிக்கன்றி இதை சிருஷ்டி பரமா வே சட்ட தறல வத்தக்‌. பூக்கல்‌ திருஷ்‌ யைச்சொல்லவேவக்த ஐ த்‌இிரீயஉபகிஷத்இன்‌ ௪௧ த்தால்‌ இரத்‌ கப்பொகுளேத்து மனை அன உ. இந்த உபகிஷில்‌ பிரும்மம்முதலில்‌ ஜலத்‌இனி௰ ௮ம்‌ ஒருபுருஷனைச்சருஷ்டி.த்‌ தாகவும்‌ இப்படி ச்‌) விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௭௭ உட க்கப்பட்ட புருஷனுடைய னவ க்கள்‌ அலு ஞூரியாதி சேவதைகள்‌ உண்டானார்களென்றும்‌ ஸ்‌ ஷ்டமா யேற்படுவதாய்‌ இஇன்‌ ௫௪-௫௫ பக்க களிஞல்‌ விளங்கும்‌. இவ்வாறு பிரும்மத்திஞல்‌ சர உடிககப்பட்ட ஒருவனுடைய : அவயவங்களைபிரும்ம இன்‌ அவயவங்களொென்‌௮பற்கூசாமற்சொல்லிக்கோ ட்டாரையேமாற்றுவதுபோல்‌ நம்மவரையேமாற்ற ம்மன்பர்‌ அணிக்தபோதிலும்‌, அவருக்குள்ளும்‌ லெ ர்யும்‌ சாக்ஷியாகவிருக்கும்‌ பரமபுருஷன்‌ அன்புகூர்‌ து உண்மையை கமக்கு வெளியிடாமலிருப்பாரோ? 12 அர்த்தத்தில்‌ சந்தேகம்ஜ னிக்கத்தக்கவாக்கியமா கயால்‌அவர்‌இதை சப்பிசகாய்ககி ரகிச்‌ அசஹரித்தாசே ப 2 ன்றி, அ... எலைின யாரேனும்‌ ஈம்‌ மன்பஸைரச்‌ சமர்த்திச்கக்‌ தொடங்கு வார்களாஇிலும்‌, வரு சஹரிச்கும்‌ மற்ற ச௬ர௫இப்‌ பிரமாணங்களைச ௧ ணுற்றமாத்திர த்தில்‌ இவர்‌ நெஞ்சு தைரியத்தைக்‌ ண்டு வருக்தஇி இவரைக்‌ கைவிவொர்க "ளென்பஇல்‌ ரன்களிஷத்சேனும்‌ சந்தேடுக்கவில்லை. காங்கள்மே ல அனுவஇத்த நம்மன்பருடைய வாக்இயத்தில்‌ 4௮ திறுடைய நிறம்‌ நீலமாயும்‌ வெண்மையாயு மிருச்‌ தம்‌ ”என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிறதல்லவா? இது உத்தச ரரராயணத்தைச்சேர்ந்ததேயன்றிபுருஷஸ.க்த த்தை ௪சேர்ந்ததன்று. இவ்விடச்திலும்‌ வாச்சியமுழுமையு ல்‌ மொழிபெயர்த்து எழுதப்பட்டால்‌ ஒருவரும்மோ உம வேகஸமாஜ, சம்‌ போவததற்‌ கடெமிராதாகையால்‌ அதை இவ்வித சத்‌ தில்‌ உரைப்பது உத்தமமென்று நினைக்கிறோம்‌. 3 0 ஆ எதசகலத்திற்கும்‌ மஹத்தான ஸ்தானமோது 6 து ஹிருத சயமென் றதி. அது நரம்புகளால்‌ குழப்ப ட்ட ஒரு பையைப்போலும்‌; : அதில்‌ ஒரு சிறிய ல துளையுண்டு, அதில்‌ சகலமும்‌ ட... ்‌ “த. அஇின்மத்தியையில்‌ மேல்சோக்கெ வெகுனுக “மமான ஒரு அக்இனிசிகை வைக்சப்பட்டிருக்றெத அந்தச்‌ சிகையானது கருமேகத்தின்‌ஈடுவில்‌உள் ளம ன்னல்‌ ல்‌ கொடியைப்போல்‌ பிரகாசச்ின்றத. செ ஃ செல்‌ ஏனியைப்போல்‌ சூக்மமாயும்‌; செவந்த “முூடையதாயும்‌, உள்ள. அந்த தச்சிகையின்மத்திமை மில்‌ பரமாத்மா யிருக்கிறுர்‌. ?? என்று சொல்லியி ட்‌ கீற, இதல்‌சீருண்டகரிமேகத்தின்சவொல்மின்னர 58 ட ப்‌ கவிஜர நீயா அிவழாய3 ்‌ _நீ௦8ஹ௫, ஷஹஷ_கம்‌ ௨ஹிறாஹி ஷடடல0_அ - கொஸணஹ.நி.200. சவழாஷெஷ-டஷிமம்‌ ௦ பட ௧௯௦, தவில்‌ ஹ வப, அ அவி_௧௨, சவ 505 வ திரநிவாணி- பொய்யா வவஷி.ச5 நே ட்‌ சொயயு) ஷாவிக) லெ வெவலாஷ[1ர கீவானஸா-ஒகவ தங ௨.தா மஹாவ மா.த.ச௮ 8. அவறாமிவாயா 5)வா சா.காவி 9. [ 1 'ஷடி.25, .. 69 \| விண்ணப்ப்ம்‌, ௨௯௭4 _ராடியைப்போன்ற ஒளியைஈமது ஹிருதயத்‌இலுள்‌ தகாய்ச்சொல்லப்பட்ட அச்சினிசிசைக்குவிசேஷண ப்ச்சொல்லிவிட்டு அ்சச்சசையின்‌ ஈடுவில்பரமா மாலிருப்பதாய்ச்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கறதேயன்‌ றி, அந்த ரமாத்மாவினுடையவர்ணமென்று சொல்லவில்லைய லவா? ஒருவேளைஇசைப்‌ பரமாத்மாவுக்குத்தான்‌ வி “ஷணமெனத்‌ அணிவாரோவெனில்‌ அதற்டமில்‌ , ஏனெனில்‌ 4803) ஹா,வாஷுரா”” என்றெ விசே ணங்கள்‌ ஸ்திரீலிங்கசப்தங்களாகையால்‌ இகைஎன்‌ ற ஸ்திரீலிங்கத்தோடு பொருக்‌அமேயன்றி பரமாத ரவென்டிற புல்லிலவ்க சப்தத்தோடுபொருக்தாதென்‌ அ சம்ஸ்கிருதத்தில்‌ லவிசேஷணவிசேஷியங்களின்‌ ௪ மர்தத்தையதிக்தவர்களுக்கெல்லாம்விளங்குமாகை £ல்‌ இதற்கு வேறுபொருள்செய்ய நம்மன்பர்‌ இனி எணிவாரென்று நாங்கள்‌ நம்பவில்லை, மேலேயனுவ த்த வாக்கெெத்திலேயே, 4 அந்தப்பகவானே பிரும்‌ ாஈவென்றும்‌, சிவனென்றும்‌ சொல்லப்படும்‌! என்‌ 2 சொல்லியிருக்கிறது. இதை யாக்ஷேபிப்போர்‌ ஒரு பருமில்லை. பரமபுருஷனுக்கு ஜாதகர்ம நாமகர்மங்‌ ள்‌ செய்யலில்லையென்றும்‌, அப்பொருளைவிளக்க ஓ வொரு தேசத்தாரும்‌ ஒவ்வொருசமயத்தாரும்‌ ஒரு )பயரை யிட்டுக்கொள்வது அவூயகமென்தும்‌ ஏற்‌ படுஇறதல்லவா? ௮வருடைய அநந்த கல்லியாணகு ஊன ்களொல்லாம்‌ விளக்கத்தக்க ஒரேபெயரை மி தற்கு ஈம்மால்‌ முடியாதாகையால்‌ அவருடைய ஓவ்‌ ௨௭0. வேதஸமாஜ, வொரு குணத்தையும்‌, அனுசரித்து ஓவ்வொரு ரையிட்டபோதிலும்‌ பெயர்களின்பன்மையால்‌௮ண விளக்கும்‌ பொருளும்‌ பலவாமோ? இது எவ்விதமா ஈம்மன்பருடையசொள்கையை ஸ்தாபிக்கிறதோ ரியலில்லை. எங்கள்‌ புத்திக்கெட்டியவரையில்‌ ௮ க்கு. விரோதமாய்‌ முடிகின்றதேயன்கி அனுகூல ய்த்தோன்றவில்லை. எப்படியெனில்‌ நம்மவர்பெ மைகளைப்படைத்து வைக்அக்கொண்டு விஷ்ணு ஜென்றும்‌ வென்வேறென்றும்‌ அவர்களில்‌ ஒருவ சேஷ்டமென்றும்‌ மற்றொருவர்‌ நிகிருஷ்டமென்‌ போராடித்தலையை யுடைததுக்‌ கொள்வனு பமுே ன்றி, எந்தப்பெயராலமைத்தபோ இலும்‌ எங்களுதே 122 இயம்‌ பிரம்மமேயென்னும்‌ எங்கள்‌ கொள்கை இ கானதல்லவென்று ஏற்படுகிறதல்லவா ₹ ௮. இந்தசுருஇயினால்‌ நம்மன்பரடைக்த ரேர்‌ ஜனம்‌ போதாதென்று “இதின்பாஷியச்தைப்‌ பரி 64 சோஇத்தால்‌ பரமாத்மாவினடைய முணங்களெல்‌ லாம்‌ உள்ளங்சைக்கனிபோலக்‌ காணலாம்‌” என்‌ ற சொல்லியிரு கஇஞ்ர்‌, இலர்‌ இன்ன ர ிப்க 5தி ப்பிடுருரென்‌ த விளவ்்‌கயெபக்ஷத்தில்‌ அதை யெடுத்‌ து உரைப்பது சுலபமாகிலும்‌ இவ்வாறு பொழப்பதி உரைத்சால்வேலைமெனக்கெட்டு உலகத்திலுள்ள பா ஷியங்களை யெல்லாம்‌ இவ்விடத்திலுரைக்க காங்கள்‌ கடமைப்பட்டி ௬க்கவில்லை. ஸம்ஸ்‌கிருதக்இல்‌ பச்ச லோகம்‌ படி.ச்தவர்கூட இவர்‌ சொல்லுஇறவிதமாசப்‌ தி ஞீ ்‌ அவ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌... ௨௪௭௧ ப பாருள்‌ கூறமாட்டார்களெனில்‌ வேதத்திற்குப்பொ ள்செய்யவரும்‌ சமர்த்தர்கள்‌ இவ்வளவு ரப்‌ பொருளுரைப்பார்களாவென்பதை யோசிப்பதே, தைப்படிப்போருக்குத்‌ இருப்தியை யண்டாச்குமெ லும்‌, இதுவரையிலுண்டாகய யாதொரு கவு ரவழமு ள பாஷியத்திலும்‌ இத்தன்மையான பொருளில்லை யன்று நாங்கள்‌ உரைக்கிறோம்‌. ௯. 4 இப்படிக்கொத்த அப்பிரரஇிருத இவ்வியமல்‌ சள விச்சரஹத்தை.அரூபியென்‌.று சொல்வதுகியா யமாகுமா! ரூபமில்லாததக்கு நாமமேது காமரூப மில்லாததற்கு சர்வவல்லமையேது அது சிருஷ்டி. யாதி௫ருத்தியங்கள்‌ எப்படிசெய்யும்‌'எனஈம்மனப கேட்‌்இமுர்‌, 4 அவரை ௮ரூபியென்ற சொல்வதுகி யாயமாகுமா”என்னும்‌ வினாவிற்கு ௪ விடையுரைக்கஇ ண்டுவழிகளுண்டு. பிரமாணத்தைக்கொண்டு சாதிக்‌ (வேண்டுமெனில்‌ ஈம்மன்பரைப்போல்‌ பமமொழிக யும்‌ பாட்டிக்கதைகளையும்‌ உதஹரிக்காமல்‌ பிர ாரணங்களி லெல்லாம்‌ சர்வசிரேஷ்டமானதென்து .ம்மவரனைவரும்‌ ஒத்‌.அுக்கொள்ளு ளம்‌ வேதத்தினின்‌௮ு ்‌்‌ பலபிரமாணங்களினால்‌ அவர்‌ ரூபமற்றவரென்று மாத்தொமேயன்றி அவருக்கு ரூபமிருப்பதாய்‌ மதிப்ப வன்‌ அதோகதியாய்‌ மூழுப்போவானென்றம்‌ ஸ்ப உடமாய்‌ இ.தவரையிலே ஸ்தாபிச்சப்பட்டபடியால்‌, னிபுனருக்தியாவசயகமில்லையென்று நம்புகியோம்‌. துதையுக்‌இயினால்‌ ௦ ஸ்தாபிச்சகவேண்டுமெனில்‌எவ்விதபு ௨௫௭௨ வேதஸமாஜ, கீதியினாலும்‌ அவர்‌ அருபியென்று ஏற்படுற ன்தி ஸரூபியென்பதற்குயாகொருஅதாரத்தையும்‌ ௫ க ணோம்‌. ஈசு வர௮க்குக்கர சரணாத்தியயயவல்களொடூ கூடிய ஒருரூபத்தை யாரோபிப்போமெனில்‌ அவ ்‌ கு ஸர்வவியாபகத்‌ அவம்‌ எப்படி சிச்திக்குமோ ம) யவில்லை, அவர்‌ கேவலம்‌ இடைவெளியான ஆகா இல்மாத்திர மேயன்‌ கி. பூமி சூரியசஈஇராதப்‌ பி ஞ்சங்களிலும்‌ அர்தந்தப்‌ பிரபஞ்சத்திலுள்ள மே ளளம்‌, படுகுழிப்பிலங்கள்‌, குசைகள்‌, தவாரமில்‌ விடங்கள்‌ முகலிய எங்கும்‌ அவர்வ௫ிப்பதாய்‌ அணைக ரும்சொண்டிருக்சையில்‌, அவருக்குரூபமுண்டெடஃ அவருடைய கைகளும்‌ தால்களும்‌ மேற்கூகிய மூலை மூடச்குகளிலெல்லாம்‌ எவ்வாறபுஞுக்‌௮ புறப்படு ஐனவோ எங்கட்கு விளங்கவில்லை, அண்டத்து ன ஆகாசத்தில்‌ பரவியிருக்கும்‌அவருடைய கையே காலோவாஇய ஒரு ௮வயவத்தை சுவர்கோபுரம்‌ முத லிய கட்டிடங்கள்‌ கட்டிச்கண்டித்‌து காயப்படுத்தும்‌ போனு ௮௫௧ ரணத்தையாத்ற ஈம்மன்பர்‌. வருவார்‌ போலும்‌. இதெப்படியிருக்தபோதிலம்ரூபமிருக்தெத சவேண்டுமென்பதற்கு ஈம்மன்பாசிலயுக்இகள்‌. உரை ்‌ சன்றமையால்‌அவற்றைப்பரிசோதிக்கத்தொடங்குள ஜோம்‌. முூதலாவது--“ருபமில்லாததற்கு சாமமேது? என்ூஞார்‌. கம்மன்பர்‌ அர்ச்சையைஅலுவ்டி னை பு சயோஜன மென்னவெனில்‌ இனி ஈன்மை தீமை மன அ புத்தி முதலியவற்றை மண்ணாலும்‌ மரத்தாலும்‌ யிண்ணப்பம்‌; ௨௪௪. சப்‌ தஅவர்முன்கொண்டுவச்சாலொழியஉலகத்தில்‌ ன்மை தமை மனச புத்தி அசாசம்முதலியபொருள்‌ ளிருப்பதாய்‌ ஒப்பமாட்டார்‌. இதுவரையில்‌ ஒருவரு 5 சன்மைதீமைகளை மண்ணால்படைதீறு அவர்‌ மூன்‌ )சாண்டுவராமையாலே உலகத்தில்‌ நன்லமைதமைக ர "இல்லையெனவே நிச்சயித்து உள்ளதை இல்லையெ ௮ம்‌ இல்லாததை யுள்ளதென்றும்‌ அவர்சொல்லத்‌ ஐணிக்தார்போலும்‌. இவரேபிரும்மத்‌அச்களித்தபஞ்‌ சவிக்ரெ கல்களில்‌ பரம்‌அர்தரியாமி, இவ்விரண்டிற்கு ம்‌ ரூபமில்லையாகையால்‌ அவ்விரண்டுமில்லை யென்ற ல்லவா அவர்சொல்லவேண்டும்‌. காங்கள்‌ விசேஷசி ரமப்படாமலே அவர்‌ முதல்‌ யுக்தியின சுவருபம்கன மூய்‌ விளங்குமாகையால்‌ அவருடைய இரண்டா வது யுக்தியை யோட௫ிப்போம்‌. - அதென்ன வெனில்‌ : நாமரூ ஈபமில்லாததற்கு ஸர்வவல்லமையேது" என்‌ பதேயாம்‌. உலகத்தில்‌ கையும்படைத்ுக்‌ கத்தியும்‌ படைத்தவன்‌ வெட்டுவதொரு ஆச்சரியமல்ல, நினை பாமல்‌ கினைத்துச்‌, செய்யாமற்‌ செய்வதே யல்ல வாபுதுமையாகும்‌. இஅபற்றியேயல்லவாபிரம்மத்தி ன்‌ மஹிமையை விளக்கும்பொருட்டு ஃ* ((அவன்கை 6 யின்றி. இரஹிப்பான்‌ ; காலின்றதி நடப்பான ன்‌; கண்‌ டணின்றிசாணுவான்‌ 5 காதின்நிகேட்பான்‌; அதியதி 2 தழலும்‌ அற அ ததில்‌ வட்டம்‌ தன்கை எ ழுப்லன பாடு 3% க௯வாணிவாகடொ ஐவ0நா.ம. ஹீ_தா பா) ௧) வகஷ- ஹஸு_னொ.க) கண? வ உ௭௪ வெேகஸமாஜ, ரட்ட வட்ட ப்‌ ஃ தகசவையெல்லாம்‌ அவன திவான்‌ ; வனை யதிய \| * வோ ஒருவனுமில்லை. அவனைவேறுவிகமாசச்சொஜி “ லிமுடியாமல்‌ அஇமகாபுர௬ஷ னென்ரார்கள்‌" என்‌ இு௬ ரூதிமுறையிடுிறசல்லவா? தம்மன்பா்‌ இதத்குபி பொருள்‌ கூறுங்கால்‌ ஒருவேளை பிராகிருத கைகா ல்‌ சண்‌ காது இல்லையென்பது இசன்கருக்தேயன்‌ ௮ப்பிராகிருத சரீரமுமில்லயென்பதல்ல என்றுகூத. லாம்‌. ஆலும்‌ ஈஸவயடமாது- டர்‌ என்கி வாஜஸலநேயஸம்ஹிதாவாக்கியத்‌இக்கு மஹீதரர்‌ செ. ய்திருக்றெ பாஷியத்தை இஇன்முதலத்தியாயத்திலு ஈரசத்திருக்கின்மையால்‌ ஒசைசோக்குக்கால்‌ பிரு ்‌ மத்துச்குஎவ்விகசரீரமுமில்லயென்று ஸ்பக்டமா சற்படும்‌. ஒருவேளை அவருக்கு ௮ப்பிராஇருத சரீரமுச ண்டென்று ஸ்தாபித்தபோதிலும்‌ அ இனொலெங்கட்டு. ஒருபாதகமுமில்லை, சைதனனியலேசமு மில்லாமல்‌. கேவலம்‌ ஜடபதார்த்தமாகய அர்ச்சா ட ர ம்‌ ர சொல்லத்‌ தணிவாராடில்‌ அவர்சொல்லின்‌ சுவரூப நடையரூபழும்‌ அப்பிராகி ருசரூபமேயெனசம்மன்ப ததை மனுஷிய சாமான்னியமும்‌ எளிதிலலவிச்‌.அ. சொ. ளளலாமாசையால்‌ அதைகாங்கள்‌ சிரமப்பட்டு சண்‌. ட.க்கவேண்டிய ஆவசியகமில்லை. இதுநிற்க ஈமம்ன்ப ர்‌ அர்ச்சாவிச்கரஹங்களிடத்தில்‌ என்ன 'சர்வசக்க. த்‌ சி வெ) அகவ ஈஹி வெ.சா; 28. றட றம லிட்‌ உடபட ஷ௦௨ஹானை ௦, விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௨ எடு தவத்தைக்கண்டு ம௫ழ்கிறாரோ நாங்களறியக்கூட 75௯. கொயில்‌ அறையார்கொள்ளையடித்தாலும்‌, வழி "பபோவோர்கதவைஞூடி லும்‌, அரைத்தனத்தார்‌ வ நம்படியைக்‌ சட்டினாலும்பார்த்‌அப்பர தவிக்கவும்‌ ] எணும்மனமுமற்தஇந்தப்பொம்மைகள்பொய்க்கால்‌ -ளும்பொய்க்கைகளும்‌ பெற்திருக்அம்‌ செய்யுந்தொ இிலின்னதென்‌௮ளங்கட்குவிளவ்கவில்ல்‌, ஆகிலும்‌ ௮ இன்‌ பக்தர்களுக்குள்‌ வைஷம்மியம்‌ உண்டாகும்ப க்ஷத்தில்‌ ௮௮ செம்பாயும்‌ தவலையாயுமாத்திரம்‌ அவ ச ரமெடுப்பதைப்பார்த்திருக்கறோம்‌. உலகத்திலுள்‌ ௪ பிராணிகளைப்‌ போலன்றி விலக்ஷ்ணமான இறப்‌ பையம்‌ பிறப்பையும்‌ உடைமையினால்‌ 6 ௯ ரய்‌ ராஷ்‌ பரவிலாய த: என்ற்‌ சுரு. இயினால்‌ பிரும்மத்திற்குமிதற்கும்‌ ஏகதேச சாம்மியதையையா வ சல்பிக்கும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ ௮தை நாறங்சகளாக்ஷேபிக்‌ சவேண்டியதில்லையாகிலும்‌; இதின்மூன்‌ ரவு அத்தி 'பாயத்தில்‌ அதைச்சுருக்கமாய்‌ எச்சரித்திருக்கிறோம்‌. ஓவருடைய மூன்றாவது யுக்தியாகிய * அ.துசிருஷ்டி. யாதி இருத்தியங்களை எப்படி செய்யும்‌” எனபது இச ்‌ எடாவதுயுகயைச்சாட்டிலும்வேறானதாமில்லையா ்‌ -கயால்‌ அதைத்தனித்து யோசிக்கவேண்டியதில்‌லை ௧௦. “எங்கும்‌ நிறைந்த பிரும்மமே பூமியில்‌ - ஈனேகவித உருவெடுத்ததென்றும்‌; வராஹஅவதா 66 மெடுத்‌ தபிரளயஜலத்தில்முழுகிக்கச்தயூமியைத - தூக்கியதென்றும்‌ ஈம.தஎஜர்வேசம்‌ ச௬-ம்சாண்ட ௨௪௭௭ வேகஸமாஜ, ம : இரண்டாவ, பிரசனம்‌ : தான்காது அனவ கத்தில்சொல்லுெ சரத முறையிடுறெதே" என்த சொல்லியிருக்க. இந்த சருஇிக்குமொழிபெயர்த அரைப்பதேபொோ துமென்‌்அகினைக்கிமோே 2ம்‌. அதில்கஈயு! “க்ியுமான து தேவசைகளினின்ம்‌.. ஒளிக்க.த.' த்‌ “அ. விஷ்ணுரூபமெடுத்‌ தச்கொண்டு ூமியில்பிரவே்‌ “சத, அதை தேவதைகள்‌ கைகளைலம்பரிச்‌,து ௯ ்‌. “பேச்ஷித்தார்கள்‌. ௮தை இச்திரன்‌. மேன்மேலும்‌ ௧ “டர்தான்‌. என்னை யிப்படி பாரிமுத்‌ துக்‌ கொண்டு “போடுற தென்றவன்‌ கேட்டான்‌. (அ.) அர்க்கள்‌ 64 தையழிக்கும்‌ நானென்று விடையுரைத்த.து. சீயா. :ரென்றுகேட்க, கான்‌ அாக்கத்தினின்‌ அம்‌ கொண்‌. 65 டுவருவோனென்று (அது). சொல்ல, அர்க்கத்தில்‌அ. “டூப்பவனென்‌ூழுப்‌ இச்தத்திருடனாகெவராகன்‌ ஏ ஏ... “ முமல்க்‌ கப்புறத்தில்‌ த ட அட்டன்‌ பொருளை ்‌ ்‌ ஜி 95 யெ ரெ உிவெஷொ _நிலாய_த விஷ. ப ன ஈ, ஷஉ௨3ி ஷீஉ வ வா.ஹஷாலுய5௦ வெ) வ அஷ து உவ \| பேயட1_த ) ன்க்ட்‌ விர கொ தி ஷ.தகி, ௯யகஷஹூ கி, ௯ ஹம. ஹ0ூ.௧.). ட்‌ தி, ஸஹொஃ வீசடிமெ.4வெஹசாவொய மாவ௱ாஜஹொயு௦ வா8சொஷ. ; ஷஷா..கா௦ விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௨௪௭௪ யெடுத்துக கொண்டிருக்கிறான்‌ ௮அவனையடியென்று '£(இக்இரன்‌) சொன்னான்‌. அதர்ப்பமுஷ்டி/யையெ. டுத்‌ துக்கொண்டு ஏழமுமலைகளையும்‌ பேதித்து, வராக ஊக்கொன்றுவிட்ட த. அர்க்கத்திலிருக்‌ கொண் £டுவருவோ னென்கிறாய்‌ இதைக்கொண்டுவாவென்‌ 6₹ நு அவன்சொன்னான்‌. அப்போது இவர்களுக்கு ப ன தீஇயமே யக்யெத்தைக்கொண்டுவந்தது.? என்னு சொல்லியிருக்கறது. இந்த மொழிபெயர்ப்பைப்பார்‌ ப்பதினாலே ஈம்மன்பருடைய பேச்‌ சின்‌ சுவரூபம்வெ ியாகும்‌, வராகன்‌ என்கிற சொல்‌ இத்த சுருஇியி ல்‌ வருவதினால்‌ ௮ன வ.ராஹாவதாரத்தைக குறித .ச்சொல்வதாய்‌ ஈம்மவரை யேமாற்றப்‌ பிரயத்தனப்‌ பட்டாரல்லவா? பவு.ராணிகர்கள்‌ சொல்லும்‌ வராக ம்‌ விஷ்ணுவின்‌ ஒரு அவதாரமாமிருக்கையில்‌, இந்த வரரகன்‌ ஒருராக்ஸனாக விளங்குகிறான்‌. ௮வகாரவ சாகன்‌ தானவ, தீதவேலை முடிந்தவுடனே அந்தரத்தா .-னமானதாகப்‌ புராணங்கள்‌ சொல்லுகையில்‌,இ£தவ ச ரகன்‌அடி.பட்டுச்செத்தான்‌. பூமியைப்பாசாளலோ கத்துக்கு -ச்சொண்டுபோன ராகூஸனையழித்அ மறு நத ல தட வடட கத ஆல்‌ பட அட்ட. ஜிற்ணாு வாஹா.3௮_௧௦00வெ%) ஹட ணா ப ஹூஅி-ட, _தஜ ஹி யகிஉ-பம..] ஹ்தாஷீதி, ஷ உம-1உ/-ஜீல்‌ அரணை ஷமி ஐு.ஹிகூ ர 5. ஹு ஷொளவை வடடல. அர ஞூஹ_தழா வத வொலயாண தசா ஹ0ரெ.கி, சசெஷொயல “ஹவய 2ா.ஹ।0௪., ண, உளு வேகஸமாத, படி. ௮தை வராகம்‌ கொண்டுவக்கசாய்ப்‌ புரரணங்க்‌ சாலேற்படுகயில்‌, சேவலோகக்தினின்‌றம்‌ பூமியி ஒளிச்‌ அசொண்ட யகம்‌, இக்திரனுடைய உத்ததீ ௮ப்படிவராசகனென்னும்‌ ராக்ஸனையடி தவிட்டு, ௮படி. சேவலோகம்‌ சென்றதாய்‌ இக்தசுருதியினால்‌ றபடுகிறது. இஇல்‌ திருடனென்று சொல்லப்பட்ட சர்கசனே ஈம்மன்பருக்கசைந்த வராகாவதார மெல 2, அவரப்படியே வைத்துகச்கொள்வகற்காக்டபமி 2) லை. உலகக்காரிகதைப்‌ படி.தீதபிறகு இஷ்டமானபழு பொருள்‌ செய்அக்கொள்ளட்டும்‌. ஈம்மன்பர்‌ மீத டல்‌. 4 வராசாவகாரமென்பார்களாகிலும்‌ ன எவ்களுக்குப்‌ பாதகமில்லை. பிரகிருதத்தில்‌ எங்கள்‌ ஆஅக்ு௯ூபமெல்லாம்‌ அர்ச்சையின்மீ௮. பொருக்‌ தெ ப யாலும்‌, ஈம்மன்பருரைக்கும்‌. பொருளே இ£சக ருசிக்சென்னும்‌ பக்ஷத்திலும்‌, அஅவிபவக்தை ஸ்கா பிக்குமேயன்றி அர்ச்சைக்காதார மாகமாட்டாதாகை பாலும்‌, பிரகிருசக்தில்‌ இ இகையோடக்க வேண்டியத அ௫ியகமே இல்லை. ்‌்‌ ௧௧. 4 தரடும்ம உபநிஷத்‌இஞலேயும்‌, இசாமதச ₹: பினியென்டிற ௨பகிஷக்தினாலேயும்‌ இப்படிக்இன்‌ னம்‌ அனேசசுருதியினாலேயும்‌ பசவான்‌ அருபியல்‌ “ லவென்ப௮ நிச்சயிச்சப்படுகிற தர்‌ கவிர அவதாரா. : இபசவல்லீலைகளும்‌ வெளியான்‌ தனவல்லவா, எ என சொல்லியிருகக்கத து, ஈம்மன்பர்செய்தயுச்‌ இகஞ. குள்‌ இற்கு வேறொன்றுமில்லை, சமுத்திரக்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌; சல்‌ ௨௭௮௯ \| க்குள்‌ ஒருரூபாய்போட்டிருக்கன்றேன்‌ ட ர தாகொள்ளொத்றுல அதற்காகப்‌ பிரயாசப்பூம்‌ பத்தியச்காரலும்‌ உலலுண்டோ 1 ஈரசிம்மதாபி 7 அாமதாபினி உபி: ச தஎன்‌அபெயரி.ப்பட்டஇ ரண்டு டுபுல்‌சசங்களையும்மொழிபெயர்த்து அ,முூலத்தையு ம்‌ மொழிபெயர்ப்பையும்‌ அச்சுடும்பக்த்தில்‌ ௮2ம்‌ க்ஷம்‌ இரு. தா௮பக்கங்களுக்கதிசம்பிடிக்கும்‌. தீதே சத்தில்‌ ஒருவரிடத்திலிருந்த அட்ட என்னு ம்‌. இரர்சத்தைவாங்கி அ.இலடங்கியிருக்கும்‌ மேற்கூ திரண்டு உபரநிஷத்தென்னும்‌ சுவடிகளைவெகுகவ மாய்‌ நாங்கள்மாத்திரம்படித்துப்பார்த்த.த மல்லா மல்பலபண்டிதர்களுக்கும்காட்டியகில்‌, அவற்றில்‌ ௮ .ஈச்சையைக்குறித்த. ஒருஎழுத்தாவது காணோம்‌. ௮ - சையால்‌ அதைலீணுக்கு மொஜிபெயர்த்அப்‌ பிரசுர 'ப்படுத்‌ அவதி ஒல்‌எங்களுக்கு குப்பணச்செலவும்‌ காலனி சயமும்‌, இதைப்படிப்போ ர்க்க தலை நோவுமுண்டா வ ஐமன்றி வேறொ ரரூப்பிரயோஜ 2னமும்‌ தோன்தவில்‌ லை. அதல்‌ உண்மையாகவே அர்ச்சைக்கு ஆதார ண்டெனில்‌ ௮5 டட பல யவர்‌ இ௫வரையில்‌ குறி "ப்பாயுரைத்திருப்பார்‌ ; - இல்லது இனியாவது எடுக்‌ ௪ ஐரப்பாராகையால்‌ அப்போது ,அதையோசித்துக்கொ ள்ளலாம்‌. அவற்றில்‌ ஒருவேளை அர்ச்சையைக்குதிதி துஏதாவஅபிரஸ்தாப மிருந்தபோ திலும்‌; இவத்றைக ம்மவரனைவரும்‌ வேதமென்ருவத, பிரமாணமென்மழு ௨துகொண்டிருக்கும்பக்ஷத்மல்‌அப்போதஅதையோ உ௮௮/0 வேகஸமாத, இத சிக்சவேண்டிய அதான்‌. ருக்கு,யஜுஸ்‌, ஸாம, அத ணவேதங்களும்‌, அவற்றைச்சேர்கத்தபிராம்மணங்க, ம்‌, அவற்றிலிருக்அ எடுச்சப்பட்ட தசோபகிஷச்அக்‌ களும்‌ வேகமென்று 5 ஈம்மவரனைவராலும்‌ ஒப்புக்கெக ள்ளப்பட்டிருக்ெ௮. இருஷ்ண யஜஃஸ்ஹிலிருக்து! தைதிரியஉபகிஷ்கஅம்சுவேதாசுவதர உபகிஷச்‌அம்‌, ருக்குவேதத்திலிருக்.அ ஐச சரீயஉபகிஷ த்தும்‌, சுக்ல ட்‌ ஜுஸ்ஸிலிருக ௮ வாஜஸநேய உபகிஷத்தம்‌, ஸா 4 வேதச்சிலிரு£து கேகோபகிஷத்தும்‌, சாந்தோக்கி ்‌ உபகிஷூத்தும்‌, பிரஹ தாரண்ணியசருதியிலிரும்‌ சில ஹதாரணி யோபகிஷத்தம்‌, இன்னுமிப்படி.யேவெத. ங்களின்‌ பூர்வபாவங்களில்பிரும்மப்‌ பிர.திபாதகமாழு ள்ளவற்கையெடுக்அு தசோபதிஷகச்துக்சளாக பூர்வ கார்சளால்‌ வைக்கப்பட்டு, ராவணா இிகஞ்டைய கணக்‌ இல்‌ உள்பட்டு, பாஷியக்சாரர்களாலும்‌ கிருக்தக்காு ர்களாலும்‌ அவற்கிற்குபாஷியங்களும்‌ நிரு ச.ல்களு ம்‌ வியாக்யொனங்களும்‌ எழுதப்பட்டுமிருக்கின்றன.. நீம்மவரில்‌ ஈலீனமாயேற்பட்ட பலகுத்ஷஹித வேற்‌. _பாடுகளுக்கு இத்தன்மையான உண்மையான கருதி. களிலாவ.அு ஸ்மிருதிசளிலாவ து 'யர்தொரு ஆதாம. மூ மில்லாமக்‌ போகவே ௮5 ஏற்பரடுகளை முடிக்‌ கு வகுப்பார்‌ ஸ்கலபுராணங்களை ஹிருஷ்டிக்கும்‌ ர. யாகையை யனுசரித்அ வெதங்களி லிருக்து இரண்‌ டொரு வாக்கியங்களை யெடுத்‌ ஐச்கொண்டு அவத்து. உன்‌ விஸ்சாரமாகச்‌ சொந்த சரக்கைச்‌ சேர்த்த. விண்ண்ப்பம்‌,.. ௨௨௮௧ ராண்டி வர ரக௨்ப்சில ச அக்களென்‌ அசால்கர்‌ ஞூசெய்‌ அவைத்‌்திருக்‌இழுர்கள்‌. வைஷ்ணவர்களிடு ௦சரமத்திற்காதாரமாசவராஹஉபகிஷதக்தம்‌,௮ஷ்டா நஉரதனுக்காதாரமாக நாராயன உபநிஷத அம்‌, அவ எத ஸன்னியாஸத்‌. அக்கு அசாரமாக பரமஹம்சேர பிஷ்‌ தும்பரிவிராஜகோபநிஷத்‌ தம்‌ இன்னுமில்வா ௨௦ பலபல உத்தேரசியங்களையொட்டி பலஉபநிஷத்‌. க்கள்‌ சிருஷ்டி ச்சப்பட்டி ருக்கின்றன. சதோபதிஷ ததென்று பேரிடப்பட்ட இரண்டுபுத்தகங்களை வரவ மைதஅப்‌ பரிசோதிச்கையில்‌ ஒன்றில்‌ நூற்றுமூன்று உபநிஷத்‌ அக்களும்‌,மற்றொன்தில்‌ சூத்‌ அப்பதிகொன்னு உபநிஷத்‌ அக்கஞும்‌இருக்கச்சகண்டோம்‌. இவ்வொரு௪ வ கஇயினாலே அவற்திற்குச்சதோபகிஷக்சென்‌ று நா மகரணம்செய்தபிறகுஒருசேசத்தில்மூன்‌ ௮௨பரிஷத்‌ அக்கருநம்‌ மற்மொென்றில்‌ பதிகரலு உபகிஷத்‌ தஅக்களு ம்‌ புததொய்‌ முளைத்திருப்பதாய்‌ ஏற்படுகிற சல்லவா? இக்காட்டிலே இவ்வளவாகஇில்‌ காவேரிப்பாய்ச்சலால்‌ செழிப்புமிகுக்க மகும்பகோணத்இல்‌ இன்னும்‌. விசே ௨ விருத்தியாயிருக்கலாமென்பதற்கு அவ்விடத்திற்‌ தடைக்கத்தகக சதோபநிஷக்‌அு என்னும்‌ இரத்தத்‌ தை வரவமைத்அப்‌ பார்த்தால்‌ ௬ஜு விளங்குமென்‌ று நம்புகிமேம்‌. ஈவீனமரய்‌ விருத்தரச்னாகரம்‌ என்‌ லும்‌ சச்தோரொச்ச மேற்பட்டபிதகு அதின்‌ சகாய ததால்‌ அனுஷ்பெழுதலிய விருத்தங்களில்‌ இராக பாகமான சைலியைச்கொண்டு நேற்று டந்த கதை ௨0 ௨ ட வேசஸமாஜ; களையெல்லாம்‌. இரட்டி எமுதப்பட்டி ருக்‌ இம்‌, ச பநிஷத்சென்னும்‌ இரஈதத்‌ அக்கும்‌, வியாகரணம்‌ மீ ஐந்ததகற்கும்‌ முன்பட்ட பிரானேவேசக்களுக்கும்‌ ஐ கம்பும்‌. 'இல்வளவேயன்ன : இவ்வுபரிஷத்‌ க்க்குநக்கு ப ர்க. ரற்கராமானஜ ஹியர்‌. வ ரையிலுள்ள பாஷியச்சாரர்களில்‌ யாரேனும்பாஷிர ்‌. ம்‌ செய்ததாயாவத, ௮அவற்றைக்குறித்து பிரஸ்தாபம்‌ ற்‌ செய்ததாயாவ விளங்கவில்லை. இதரவேகதங்களுக்கு கணக்கிம்ட ராவணனுடைய இருபஅகண்களில்‌ தன்‌. ரல இவ்வபடிஷத்‌்துக்கள்‌ பட்டி ரர உப்ண ல்‌ அவன்‌ அவற்‌ இகம்‌ செக்குபந்தி யேற்படுத்த ழ்‌ ண்ட ரு காரணமகப்படவில்லை, கடைசியர்‌ க ஈம்மன்பரை யாதரிக்கும்‌ பண்டி சர்களுக்‌ குள்ளே ஒருவர்‌. வேதமென்று சாஇக்கும்‌ உபகிஷத்துக்களை.. மற்றொருவர்‌ காளிதாசன்‌ செய்க. சாகுக்சள. காயக்‌. திதவ்வளவும்‌ மதிக்கமாட்டார்களென்பது நிச்சயம்‌. ' ்‌ தகஷிணாருர்த்தியபகிஷ ச்‌ ௮, அன்னபூர்ணியுபகிஷத்துட அவதூதோப கிஷத்து, பஸ்மஜாபாலோப நிஷத்து, ட்‌ கைவல்லியோபதிஷக்‌ அ, சாலாக்ளி ருத்திரோபகி5 ட்‌ ஊத்த, நிராலம்போபநிஷக்‌ ௮, சணபத்தியுபசிஷத்‌. ன, ருத்திரப்பிரும்மணோபநிஷத்‌ அ பாசுபதப்பிரும்‌. ்‌ மோபகிஷத்‌ தமுதலிய அரேக உபகிஷச்‌. அக்களை வை... ஷ்ணவர்கள்சல்பனையென்‌ ௮சொல்வார்களென்பகில்‌ கரதகனிஷக்காவது சந்தேடச்கவில்லை, சைவர்களுக் : பட்சி எட ்‌ மல்‌, வ 20 பம 3 விண்ணப்பம்‌... உட துவைஷ்ணவத்தில்‌. அவ்வளவு அவேஷமில்லாவிடிலு ம்‌ அவர்கள்‌ பிரமாணமா “யொப்பியவற்றை வைஷ்‌ ணவாகள்‌ விக்கும்‌ வரையில்‌: அவர்களும்‌ நாராய ஷனேபைதிஷத்து, வராஹோபநிஷத்து, வாஸுதேவோ பகிஷ கு, ஹீகதோபகிஷ தி ற, ராமதாபநிஉபநிஷூத்‌ ன்‌, கரசிம்மகாபிகி உபநிஷத்து, : காருடோபகிஷ ௪௮, ஹயக்ரீவ உபநிஷத்து, இருஷ்ணொபநிஷதீனு, கோபாலதாபிகியுபகிஷதீது, களஷீதக்‌ இயோபறி திமு, முதலியவற்றைக்‌ கல்பனை யென்பார்களெ ன்பதஇில்‌. சந்தேகமில்லை. இவ்வாறு பலவகுப்பாரு ம்‌ சலசிலவாய்‌ ஆக்ஷூபித்து இரத உபதநிஷத்துக்க ளில்கிழித்‌ தவிவொார்களாகில்‌ கடைசியில்‌ அதினுடை. ய ட்டைதவிரவேறொன்றும்மீரா௮, இம்மாதிரியாக டவ தசோபகிஷக்தையும்‌ மற்றவேதங்களையும்‌ செய்‌ வார்களா, செய்யக்கூடுமா, வென்றுசற்று சவனிக்க \| ெண்டியது, பசவத்தைஞமுதலிய சிலக்இரந்தங்களை அவற்திலடங்கிய விஷயசவுரவத்தால்‌ "உபநிஷ்தீதுக்‌ 'களென வியவஹரித்தபோதிலும்‌ அவற்றை வேதங்க ஞூடன்‌ ஒப்பிடும்போது ஒருபிரமாணமாகவேகம்மவ ர்‌ மதிக்கமாட்டார்களெனில்‌ புராணங்களிலிருகது எ 'செகப்பட்டவையென்னும்‌ கவ ரவத்தைக்‌ , கூடபெறு தீ தஇர்த.உபரிஷததுக்களை மதிக்கவேண்டிய வழியை 'காங்களுரைக்க வேண்டியதில்லை. முடிவில்‌ ஈம்மன்ப ர்‌ பட்டியமான வேதத்திலுள்ளதாய்‌ உசஹரித்தச௬ திப்‌ பிரமாணங்களை மொழிபெயர்த்து இதில்‌ பிரசுர ௨௮௪ ப வேகஸ்மாத, ்‌ ப்படுத்‌ துவதினாலே ஈம்மன்பர்‌ பேச்சின்‌ வபால ஈன்ருய்விளங்குமாசையால்‌ இவ்வளவுமஹிமை த ப்‌ திய ராமோபகிஷத்தையும்‌, ஈரசிம்மோபரகிஷத்தை ்‌ ம்‌, மொழிபேர்க்காமையால்‌ விசேஷபாதக மிருப்‌ இ தாய்‌ நம்மவர்‌ நினைக்கமாட்டார்களென்றெதைரியம்‌! எங்கட்காண்டு, . இவற்றைப்போன்ற இதரசுருதிகளி. ன்பேரை யெடுத்‌ அரைக்கக்‌ கூடாமையாலோ மனமி” ல்லாமையாலோ 4 இப்படிக்கன்னமனேகச௫இூக க. ருப்பதாய்‌ ௮வர்‌ பொஅப்பட உரைத்திருக்கிறார்‌. ௮௩. தமற்றசுருதிகளும்‌ இவற்றைப்போன்ற வெண்ணைவெ. ட்டி.ச்சிபாய்களேயாகில்‌ இவைபெற்றதஜயத்தையே அட்‌ வையமடையட்டும்‌, : அவதாராஇபசவல்‌ லீலை ளப்து ்‌ வெளியாகிற தல்லவா”' என்பகைக்குகிக்தோ வெ னில்‌ பிரஇருதத்தில்‌ அர்ச்சாவிஷயத்தைக்‌ குதித்தவி ்‌ சாரத்தில்‌ அதற்கு விடையுரைக்க காங்கள்கடமைப்‌ பட்டி ருக்கவில்லை. ள்‌ ப ட்ட உருவமிலலாததைத்‌ ல ட £ ரியாகுமா, பிம்போபாஸ்தி யில்லாவிட்டால்‌ மோ: க்ஷம்‌ இத்திக்காதே” என்கிறார்‌. சாங்ள்‌ மூதலக்இ. யாயத்தில்‌ எடுக்‌தரைகீக ௮அனேகப்‌ பிரமாணங்களா ல்‌ உருவமில்லாததைக்‌ கொழுவதேசரியென்றும்‌, ௮. ப்படி சொழுவோரொருவருக்கே மோக்ஷம்‌ இச்‌இக்‌... குமென்றும்‌ ஏற்படுகையில்‌ இவர்வெளியிடுகிற வே. தார்த்தம்‌ அதற்சைந்‌்இருச்சால்கமக்கொருமஹிமை யம்‌ விளங்காசென்று இம்மாதிரியாக உரைத்தார்‌ \| விண்ணப்பம்‌, உ௮ு போலும்‌. இவ்வாக்கயத்திற்கு ஆதாரமாக யாதொரு பிரமாணத்தையாவத யுக்கியையாவது ௮அவர்‌உரைக கவில்லை யாகையாலும்‌ அதற்கு விரோதமாக நரறங்க எனேகயுக்கிப்பிரமாணங்களை இதவரையிலே உதஹ ரித்‌ அவிட்டபடி யாலும்‌ இனிலீண்பொழுதுபோக்க ஆ வசியகமில்லையெனஈம்புகிறோம்‌. ௧௩. ஞூர்ச்இ யில்லாவிட்டால்‌ ஸ்பூர்த்தியுண்‌ ப்‌ டாகாகே" என்கற வாக்கியம்‌ காஅக்இனிப்பா யிரு க்இனும்‌ அதின்‌ பொருளின்னதென்ராவது ௮ப்பொரு ஞக்காதார மின்ன தென்றாவது விளங்க வில்லையா கையால்‌ அதைக்குநித்‌ தவிசேஷமாய்ப்‌ பிரஸ்தாபிக க வேண்டி யில்லை. ப ஆனா? அன்தியும்‌ அசண்டாகாரமாய்‌ சர்வதோ “எ முகசமாய்மன இற்கும்வாச்குக்கும்‌எட்டாத தேதஜோம ஃயமாஇயப்‌ பிரும்மத்தை எப்படி ஹிருதயத்தில்‌ இ 0 யானிக்கிறது. அது ச தய்பரன விஷயமென்றே ஃ நம்பவேண்டியது?” என்கிறார்‌. சில வரிகளுக்குக்‌ மே “4 பகவான்‌ இவ்விதமாக அருளிய நியமனத்தில்‌ ஈ சுலபமானது தியானமும்‌ விச்சிரஹ ஆராதனஞும்‌” என்னு இவருரைத்த வாக்கியத்தனாலே அவரைத்தி யானிப்பது சலபமென்று எற்படுகிறபடியால்‌ இதத்‌ கு நாங்கள்‌ விசேஷித்து விடையுரைக்க வேண்டியது .ல்லையாகிலும்‌ இதின்‌ ஞூன்ருவறு அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ ௨ தஹரித்த சார்தோக்கியஉபதிஷத்தின்‌-௬-வ அத்தி யாயத்தையும்‌ அதற்குப்‌ பின்னுரைக்த பிரசினோ ரர] ஆக்‌ ்‌ ஒறு - வேதஸமாத, பநிஷத்ன, இ- வ பிரனெத்தையும்‌ படித்‌ அப்ப த்தால்‌ அதற்குரிய சுலபமானவழி யின்னதென்று வ்‌ ளங்கும்‌. இயொனமார்க்சம்‌ கஷ்டமானதென்றே ஏதி. ட்டபோதிலும்‌ ௮௮ ஒவ்வொருவனும்‌ சாஇக்கவே ண்‌ டய சலைச்சமையான கடமையென அனேக ௬ ம்‌ இவாக்கியங்களால்‌ ஸ்காபிச்சப்பட்ட ௮; ஒருகாரியத்‌। தைச்சாஇக்க உரித்தானமார்க்கம்‌ சஷ்டமானதென்‌ ௮ அதற்கு மார்க்கமாகவே யிராகதை பவலம்பித்தஈ ல்‌அக்காரியம்கைக்கூடுமோ? மேற்குச்சமுத்திரச்‌ அல்‌ குப்போய்வருவதாயம்‌ தப்பினால்‌, ௫௦ ௦ ஆடி. பட்டுக்‌ கொள்வதாயும்‌ உடன்பட்ட ஒருவன்‌ ஈடக்சவம்‌ சஸ்‌, இயில்லை ரெயிலுக்குக்‌ கூலிகொடுக்கவும்‌ சக்தியில்லை. யாசையால்‌ தன்வீட்டில்‌ குப்புறப்படுத்அக்‌ கொண்‌ . டால்‌ அவ்விடம்‌ சேரலாமென்றுநினைத்‌ து அப்படியே செய்வானாகில்‌ அவன்மேற்குச்‌. சமுத்திரத்தைக்‌ சா ணச்கூடுமோ? காணாதவரையில்‌ அவனுடன்பட்‌ ட அமி. ்‌ தப்புமோ? இவ்வாறே ஆ அது (பிரும்மம்‌)ரூபமும்‌௪.. ன்பமுமற்றது, என்றுஅறிரசவர்கள்‌ மாத்தொமேஅ. “ மிருதராவார்‌, மற்றவர்‌ தன்பமேயடைவார்‌.”"ஏன்இ. ற௪ருஇக்குத்‌ தலைவணங்கிச்‌ கையொப்பமிட்டுவிட்டு. பொம்மைகளைத்தொழத்தொடக்‌கினால்காம்டையவே. ண்டியகதியைவிசாரிக்கவேண்டுமோ? துருஉபாசளையு இ ஜ்‌ -௧ஒ/-இ௨9.நாயே பவத 3-8) தா. வெமவ ஷி- ௯௨ெ_கெ உவை வவொவயஹி, அச விண்ணப்பம்‌; இழு 9ல்லாவிடிலும்வித்தியையமில்லைசர்வமுமில்லை யென்‌ றபடி ஈமஅகிலைமைக்கு மோசமிராதாகிலும்‌ வேறு வித உபாசனையிலிதங்கஇனால்‌. இதைகச்காட்டிலும்‌ பலம . டங்கு கொடியதுன்பத்தை யடைவோமல்லவா!. ௧௫... ₹ஆனால்‌ ஈசுவரோபாசனை செய்‌ அமோக்ஷத்‌ 6 தை யடைூறெதெவ்வித மென்றாலோஅதைக்கூடிய “ வரையில்‌ லிவரிக்றேன்‌”என்௮. கம்மன்பர்‌.பிராச ன வேதத்சைப்‌ பூர்வபக்ஷம்செய்‌,ன புதிதாய்‌ வெளியி டும்‌ இந்த .பத்தொன்பதாவது ஆூற்முண்டின்‌ வேதத்‌ தைச்கவனமாகவே கேட்சுமோம்‌,. ௧௬-4 அஇகொலத்தில்‌ பிரமாதி தேவதைகள்‌ பக ட வானைக்குதித்ன அனேககவிதமாகக்‌ கொண்டாடு. ஐ ய்பரமாத்மாவே ! உம்மை 'யடியோங்கள்‌ எவ்வி £: தமாகத்‌ தொழமுவதென்று ளெகுவாகமுறையிடுகிற * போ பிரம்மம்‌ தேலதைசகளுடைய முறைக்கிற ள்‌ 64 தித்தன்னை யெல்லாரும்‌ லகுவாயாராஇத்‌அத்இிவ்வி ்‌்‌ பக்கங்களை யடையக்கடவரென்று. கருணைகூர்கீது இ பரலியூசவிபவ அந்தரியாமி அர்ச்சையென்டுற ஐடா 66 விதமாகத்‌ தொழுதேற்றுங்கோளென்று ன்‌ ரகம்செய்தது? என்று நம்மன்பர்‌ சொல்லியிருக்கி மர்‌. இவ்வாறுப்‌ பிரும்மமனுச்‌ கிரஹித்ததற்கு நம்ம .ன்பரேசா௯்தியெனில்‌ காங்களதை யாதேஷேபிக்க வே ண்டி.யஇல்லை. இதற்குப்‌ பிரமாணமுண்டென்பாரா இல்‌ பாஞ்சராத்திரமும்‌ அதற்கும்‌ தாழ்க்த கவுரவமு டைய இரந்தங்களும்தவிர வேஜனோன்றையும்‌ அவரா ௨௮௮ வேகஸமர்‌,ஜ்‌ ல்‌ உதஹரித்து முடியாதென்று நிச்சயமாயீசம்பணு ம்‌. இந்தப்‌ பாஞ்ச. ராத்திராதப்‌ பிரமாணக்களைக்குதி தீது இசனிரண்டாவது அத்தியாயத்தில்‌ போ மான வரையில்பிரஸ்தாபித்திருக்சன்‌றமையர்ல்‌ அதைப்பர்‌ ர்த்தபிறகு ஈம்மன்பர்‌ இக்த கஸ்தவேஜை வாப்சுவர ங்க. கொள்ளுவா ரென்பஇில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை, இ வருரைசகும்‌ பஞ்சவிச்கிரஹங்களுக்குள்‌ வியூஹமெ ௦. ன்பகைச்சைவர்‌ ஒத்‌ அக்கொள்வார்களெனில்பிறகு ( ச்தப்பிரிவகளை யேய்படுக்திய இரக்கம்‌ அவர்களுக்‌ குள்ளாவஅ சார்வத்திரிகமான பிரமாணமாகும்‌. ப்‌. ரும்மாதி தேவர்களுக்கும்‌ . பிரும்மம்‌ அப்பிரத்திய. கமா யமிருந்ததாயும்‌, அவர்கள்‌ தக்க தத ட்டுக்‌ சகொண்டமேல்‌. இவ்வித ஏற்பாடு செய்து 4 வவேற்பாடுகளுக சனுகுணமாகப்‌ பிரும்மம்‌ விளக்‌. சனெதாயும்‌இவர்‌உரைக்கிறாரல்லவா ? அப்பிரா௫ருத௪- ்‌ ரீரமூடையசேவர்களுக்கும்பிரும்மசுவரூபம்‌ ௮.௫௫. யமென்று சொல்லியஅர்தவிரகம்மன்பர்‌ அத்தேவர்க ' ளஅவரைகோக்டிக்கேட்டுக்‌ கொண்டார்களெனஉரை ஃஇறுர்‌, சுவப்பிரயோஜனத்ைைஉத்தேடுத்‌௮ு எத்தன்‌. மையானகட்டுப்பாகெள்செய்தகாலும்‌ சசலரும்‌௮அதை : யாக்ஷபிக்காமல்‌ஓத்அக்‌ கொள்ளுறெகென்னும்‌ மரி யாதையுள்ளவரையில்‌, பிராம்மணர்‌எவ்விதக்‌ரெக்சல்‌ களையும்‌ஒமுதப்பின்னிடையமாட்டாரல்லவா[பிரும்ம ப தீ௮க்குப்பதில்விக்கிரகமும்‌, விக்சரகத்‌ துக்குப்பதில்‌ அபயஹஸ்சமும்‌ வைச்துச்‌ கொள்ளுறவாறே, வே விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௮௯ தைக்‌ கரைகாண்ப தருமையாகையால்‌, தமிழ்வே மென்ற பெயர்வைகத்து அழ்வாராதிகள்‌காலாயி -ம்பாட்டுகள்செய்தார்களென்பதும்‌; இர்தப்பாட்செ ளப்‌ படிப்பதும்‌ கடினமென்றுகருகு, பிரபந்தசார மென்று வேதாச்தாசாரியர்‌ பதினெட்டுப்பாட்டுகள்‌ செய்தருளியிருக்‌ இரு ரென்பதும்‌; அனைவர்க்கும்‌ தெ ரி்கவிஷயமாடலும்‌, இவற்றின்‌ சவருபத்தை விசாரி பபவர்மாத்திரம்‌ வெகுசிலர்‌, இந்தப்பாட்டுகளில்‌, இ ன்னவருஷம்‌ மாதம்‌. நகூஷத்இரத்தில்‌ பிறகத இன்ன அழ்வார்‌ இத்தனைபாட்டுகள்‌ செய்காரென்பது தவிர 2ஊவ0றொன்றும்‌ கூறப்படவில்லை. இஇன்‌ உண்மைவ௮அிள ங்கும்‌ பொருட்டு. இவ்விடத்தில்‌ சாலுபாட்டுகளை யு ரை க்திழோம்‌. க. எண்ணின்முதலாழ்வார்சகண்மூன்று நூறு மெழின்மழிசைப்பிரானிரு தூற்றொருபத்தா௮, முண்மைமிகுமாறன்மறையாயிரத்தோ. டுற்றவிரு நூற்றுத்தொண்ணாறுமாறும்‌, வண்மையுடைமதுரகவிபக்‌ துமொன்றும்‌ வஞ்சியர்கோனூற்றைநதும்‌ பட்டகாரதன்‌, பண்ணியனாலூற்றேமுபத்அமூன்றும்‌ பாக்கோதை நூற்றேழுபத்‌்துமூன்றே, ௨, பத்தரடிப்பொடிபாடலைம்பத்தைக்தும்‌ பாணர்புகழ்பத்தடனேபரகாலன்சொல்‌, அத்தனுயர்வேங்கடமாற்காயிரத்தோ டானவிரு நாற்றோரைம்பத்‌ அமுன்று, ௨௩௯௦0... வேதகஸ்மாஜ, முத்ிதிதருமெதிராசார்பொன்னடிக்கே. மொழிர்தவமுதர்பாடனூறுமெட்டும்‌, எத்திசையும்வாழவிவைபாடி வைத்த வென்பவைசாலாயிரமுமெங்கள்வாழ்வே, ௩. வையகமெண்பொய்சைபூதன்பேயாழ்வார்‌ மதிசையர்கோன்மடழ்மாறன்மதுரகலி, ... - பொய்யில்புகழ்கோழியர்கோன்விட்டுசித்தன்‌ ஐயனருட்கலியனெதிராசர்தம்மோ டாதிருவரோரொருவரவர்தாஞ்செய்த, அய்யதமிழிருபச்‌அசான்‌இற்பாட்டின்‌ ஜொகைகாலாயிரமுமடியோங்கள்வர்ழ்வே. ௪. அத்சமிலாவாரணகாலாகிகின்‌ ஐ ்‌ - வகன்கருத்தையாழ்வார்களாய்‌தெத்தச்‌, ந செர்தமிழாலருள்செய்தவகைதொகையுஞ்‌ இந்தாமலுலகங்கள்வாழவென்று, சந்தமிகுதமிழ்மரறையோன்றாூப்பற்றோன்றும்‌ வேதாசசகுருமொழிந்தப்ரபர்தசாரஞ்‌_ சக்தையினாலனுதினமுஞ்சிக்திப்போர்க்குள்‌.. \| சேமமதாநஇருமாறன்கருணையாலே. 1 இர்தப்பாட்டுகளைக்‌ தினச்தோறும்‌ அனுசக்தானம்‌ செய்வதினால்‌ வெகுபயனுண்டென க்கடைூபாட்டி ல்‌ உரைத்ததைகம்பி அவற்றைத்தனக்சோறும்‌அனு௪ ந இக்காதவர்வெகுசிலர்‌. இனிவரும்‌ ஆசாரியர்கள்‌ இ. ௮வும்‌ கஷ்டமெனமதித்அ நரலாயிரம்‌,' நாலாயிர. விண்ண்ப்பம்‌; , ௨௯௧ 'ம்‌என்று உச்சரிப்பதஞுலேயே சகலபாபங்களும்‌ 'வாரணமாகுமென ஏற்பாடுசெய்வார்களென்பதிலா அ, அதைப்பாமரஜனங்கள்‌ ஈம்பி௮னுஷ்டிப்‌ பார்க ளன்பதலாவ௫ சந்தே௫ச்சவேண்டாம்‌. ஆடனும்‌ :டவளானவர்‌ 'இத்சன்மையான மோசத்துக்னும்பிர 5 தனக்கும்‌ எவ்வளவு. இடங்கொடுப்பாரோ . என்ப மாத்திரம்‌ யேரடிக்கவேண்டியகாஇற_து. ௧௭. இதற்‌ பரமென்பனு வேதவேதாந்தத்‌தனொ ஐம்‌ அறியத்தகாத விரிந்த பேருருவம்‌. வியூகமென்‌ ப சங்கருணணவா சுதேவபிரத்தியும்ன அரி ௬க்‌ தாதி உருவங்கள்‌. விபவமென்ப.த ஸ்ரீவராக கர இிங்சவாமன ராமதிருஷ்ணாத்தியவதாரம்‌. அக்சரி உயாமியென்ப.த அங்சுஷ்டப்‌ பிரமாண ரூபியாகிய £ இருதய சமலவா?ி, ர பெொன்வு அ ஸ்ரீரங்கமு ஈ தலிய திவ்வியதேசத்திலும்‌ இல்லைமுதலிய இவா (6 லயத்திலும்‌ எழுந்தருளிய பகவானேயாம்‌”” என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற௮. இவ்வாறு இவரால்செய்தக்கொ ண்டவருப்புகளுக்கு இவர்‌ எவ்வாறுலகூணம்கூறிலு ம்‌ எங்கட்காக்ஷூபமில்லை. ஆகிலும்‌சுவபாவத்தில்‌:தி ஃருச்சக்ரெபாணிதிருக்கோபுரத்தின்‌இிருகிலைசள்‌ தரு 26 வேமு; கும்பன்‌ செங்சல்மேட்டுத்‌ அளை, பதினொன்‌ ம்‌ என்று வியவஹரிக்கும்‌ வைஷ்ணவர்கள்‌ எங்க மிது படையெடுக்கும்‌ பொருட்டாவது சைவர்களை யம்‌ சேர்ச்‌. துக்கொண்டு “இதில்லைமுதலிய சிவாலயத்தி ௨லும்‌ எழுச்தருளிய௯. பசவானே”'யென்று ஒத்துக்‌ ௧௨௯௨. வேதஸமாஜ, சொன்னத கேப்மி ராள்சஞுண்மையாகவே த கிறோம்‌. அகிலும்‌ நீடித்த பற்றுவிடமாட்டா தென்‌ தற்கு இருஷ்டாக்சமாகவிஷ்ணுல்‌ தலங்களை இவ்விழு ஸ்தலங்களென்றும்‌, கெஸ்தலங்களைக்‌ கேவலம்‌ லயங்களென்றும்‌ ஈம்மன்பர்‌ உராத்தபோதிலும்‌, அ தைக்‌ கவனிக்கவேண்டிய இல்லையென்‌: எச்சரிக்க ஹோம்‌. . உ “வளர்த்திச்‌ சொல்லிப்பயனென்ன. வை வத்து “ ஊணவரா பில்லாகவர்‌ பிரரம்மணராஇலும்‌ அவி கசாத்தொடவம்கூடாது, அவர்களுடன்‌ பேசவுகி “கூடாது, அவர்களைப்‌ பார்க்கவம்கூடாு? என்த பாதிமோத்தர சலோகத்தை வைஷ்ணவர்களும்‌ ஜி “ விஷ்ணுவைக்‌ காண்பதினாலே சிவச்‌. துரோக மண்‌ “டாட, வக துரோகத்தால்‌ கடுஈரகம்வருவகி ச்சுயம்‌, ஆகையால்விஷ்ணுசாமத்சைக்கூடஒருக்கா 64 ௮ம்‌ உச்சரிக்சக்கூடாத”எனூறபாத்மபூர்வவாக்‌இ யதீகைச்‌ சைவர்களும்‌ கிழித்தெறிக்‌ அவிட்டுஅவற்றை 2 கி9_த ப. ஊ_ட,0.நா ௬.௫. ட ணகி யெ௨) மெவஷ வா, நஹ ஷூ ர_பவ தவ ர அஉரஷ வ ௬உ௱அ௮_ந, பதி ர்‌ விஷஉமம-4.58ா.ண பபிவெ. £.ஹூ உ,ாயசெ, பநிவகெ. , £.ஹா_ந வஹா ௩1௯ யா.சிஉாடடண, அஹா விஷம காதர ட்‌ _நீ வூ அ) ௦ ப. அவநதண்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ்‌ ௨௯௩௨ டியோடுமறக்து ஐகமத்தியமாய்வாழ்வார்களெனில்‌ இனால்‌ எங்கட்டாவிளையும்‌அகந்தமானது ௮ர்வசகளெ கள்மீத படை யெடுப்பஇனால்‌ விளையும்‌ வருத்தத்‌ )கக்காட்டிலும்‌ பலமடங்கு மேலானகதாகவிருக்கும்‌. தத்தில்‌ அங்குஷ்‌_மாத்திரமென்று ஹிருதயத்து குரைத்த விசேஷணத்தை தம்மன்பர்‌ அர்தரியாமி டத்தில்‌ ஏதிட்டஅ, அவர்‌ சுவபாவத்தச்‌ கடுக்ததா உகயால்‌ அதைப்‌ புதுமையாய்‌ நினைக்கவேண்டாம்‌, த. “பசவான்‌ இவ்விதமாக அருளியகியமன “தீதிற்‌ சுலபமானது. இயானமும்‌ விச்சரஹரா தனமும்‌ தானென்‌ நிச்சயித்தார்கள்‌. இல்லிரண்‌ டினுள்ளாம்‌ இயானமென்பதுகாமக்‌' குரோதலோ பமோசமகமென்கிற ஐச்தையும்சடின்அ தேகாபி ்‌ மானத்தையும்‌ வெறுக்க புண்ணியவான்கள்‌ செ டப்யத்தக்க.௮. இதுகூட வருக்கமானசென்றெண்‌ ம்‌ ணிஞர்கள்‌.”'இவற்அுள்‌ இயானமும்‌,விக்கரஹஅரா 8 “தன்முக்தான்‌?” எலப மானவையென்று யார்கிச்௪ நிக்கார்களோ தெரியவில்லை, அவர்கள்‌ பெயரையு ஐ ர ப்பதற்கு ஆக்ஷூபமிருக்கும்பகூத்தில்‌, அவர்க ள்‌ செய்த நிச்சயத்தையும்‌ அவலம்பிக்கவேண்டி௰அ வ௫யகமில்லை. அவர்கள்‌ பெயர்வெளியில்வரும்போ த அதைக்குறித்து ஆலோசித்‌ து.ச்கொள்ளலாம்‌, ₹₹இ ப விரண்டினள்ளும்‌ இயானமென்பஅு காமச்சிரே ரத : லோபமோஹ மதமென்கிற ஐக்தையுங்கடி.ச்‌ அதே :: ஹறாபிமானச்தையும்‌ வெறுக்க புண்ணியவான்கள்‌ , த ௮ வேகஸமாஜ) 64 செய்யச்சச்சஅ ” என்‌இருர்‌, மனுஷியதேகமூ வரையில்‌ இவ்வைந்தையும்‌ அடியோடுகளைக்‌ த மு யுமென்றாவ்‌; எத்தன்மையான மனிதனாவ௮ எ கொட்ட இவ்வை க்கும்‌ ஆள்பட்டேயிருப்பாகெ ன்முவது; ஈம்மன்பர்‌ சாஇக்கமாட்டு வாரோ 1 எவாமித்திரரைப்‌ போன்ற 'ருஷிகளும்‌ ல்‌ டியோடு. சடியமாட்டாரென்பதும்‌, ௮.இநீ ?சனூன னிதனும்‌ இனங்தோறும்‌ அவன்செய்யும்‌ இமையை ்‌ ட்கள்‌ பன்ற. டஸ்ட்‌ ட த ஒருகாரியம்‌ டடத உல ்‌ ஒருகாழி நிலைக்குமென்றாவது மலைக்க கேண்னச கொள்ளையிடல்‌ புறப்படும்‌ பலருக்குள்‌ ஒருவர்க்கெ, ருவர்‌ பிராமாணிக்ெயதை பில்லாதப கத்தில்‌ அவ கள்‌ ஒன்னுாய்ச்கூடமாட்டார்களல்லவ ர$இவவாறுமனி தர்க்னா புத்தசெரிக்கஅமுதல்‌ தலைசாயும்‌வரையில்‌ ட்‌ வவொரு நிமிஷமும்‌ பிராமாணிக்கெ மில்‌ ல்ல ்‌்‌ வர்களுக்கு மூடியச்தக்சகாரிய மொன்றேலுமிராது காமக்கிரோதாதிக ளோவெனில்‌, பகுத்தறிவு வக்கு ன்மேல்‌ உடல்‌ களரும்வரையில்‌ மாச்தாரமே காம்தீ அுக்னாம்‌ மதத்துக்கும்‌ பிரவிருத்தியண்டு, இக்தஇடை யிலும்‌ அவை நிரர்தரமா யிருச்சமாட்டா௮- இன தீனுச்குச்‌ லமணிநேரங்களைக்‌ காட்டி லுமஇகமாம்‌ எக்தன்மையான சேசனும்‌ அவற்றிற்கு உள்பட்டிருகி சமாட்டாள்‌. கல்விகற்முல்‌ தத்‌ டட இன்‌ தது உரிமையான உபாயங்களால்‌ இவைகளை தையும்‌ நீச்சலாம்‌. இவைபகுக்தறிவக்கும்‌ பகுத்த 1௮; இவற்றிற்கும்‌ வைரிகளாகிலும்‌ இவற்றால்‌ பகு சதிவுவெளிப்படாமலிருக்கையில்‌, பகுத்தறிவு இவ 'ஹைவெகுவிரைவில்‌ வெளிப்படுத்‌ அறெசென்ன சவ ப லிசாரமுடையவருக்கு விளங்கும்‌. நாம்பிரும்மத்‌ ஜீ சத்‌ தியானிக்க அடியோடு ௮சக்தரெனப்பொரூம. நமோ 3 அப்படிக்கில்லெனில்‌ அகையப்பியாசிக்கக்‌ ர்டங்குவோ மால்‌. முதலில்‌. ௮சாத்தியமாய்தி கூ ஹான்நுவ பிறகு சடினசாத்தியமாயும்‌, இன்னும்‌ வற்பதினம்கழிர்தமேல்‌ ச சாத்தியமாயம்‌, இனிப்பு ஈளதாயும்‌, விளங்கும்‌. ஒரு காரியத்தை அ௮ப்பியஹிக தம்‌ முன்‌ அறு சடினமாய்த்‌ தோன்றுவது சகஜமே ப லுமதை கைவிடக்கூடுமோ? எழுதப்‌ படிப்பதை யவ்வளவு சிரமப்பட்டு அப்பியசக்க வேண்டியிரு5 றத! இரத இிரமகத்தையோசிக்துமடராயிருகக ஒ பபுவோமோ ! சுவல்ப லஹிகப்‌ பிரயோஜனத்தை ரதியே சமது ஆ யவடி௦ ல்‌ பாதிகாலத்தை இரத்தப்‌ 9பாசத்திற்காக ஓஒழிப்போமாடில்‌ நித்தியமான அழு மிகத்‌ துக்காக இதில்‌ பத்திலொருபங்காவன செல்‌ விச்கவேண்டாமோ ₹. அலவ்வளவுகாலம்‌ செலவழி தால்‌ தியானமார்க்கம்‌ அதுஸ்ஸாத்திய மெனக்கூடு ன்‌ கோ? அ. அகடினமென்று அதற்குப்பதிலாய்‌ ௮ர்ச்சை யை வத்தஅக்கொள்வோமாயின்‌ இக்ச அர்ச்சையை பம்‌ விசேஷத்சரவிய விரயமும்‌ சாலவிரயமு மின்‌ , ௨௯௭... வேகஸமாஜ்‌, ரிச்‌ சகலரும்‌ அனுஷ்டித்த முடியாதாகையால்‌ இ னிரால்வர்சேர்க்து சகலத்திலும்‌ அலபமாயும்‌ இன்ப ம்‌ தருவதாயுமுள்ளமார்ச்கம்‌ அவனவன்குறையின்தி ்‌ உண்டுமுடி த்‌ த௨றங்குவஅம்‌ சாமச்குரோதாதிகளைதீ இருப்திப்படுத்‌ தவ அமேஎன்பார்களாகில்‌ அதையலுக ரிச்கவேண்டியதும்விதியாகுமோ? இச்சஅர்ச்‌சைவநி மில பமல்‌ தவழியும்‌இச்சன்மையதேயாகையால்‌ இதைமாத்திர ம்‌ஏன்னுஷ்டிக்கவேண்டியதோதெரியவில்லை. டன ராதிஞுதலியவரால்பாடப்பெற்றஸ்தலல்களுடையவு ம்‌, அவற்றிலுள்ளவிக்சரஹங்களுடையவும்‌,பேர்களைச்‌ சற்று சவனிப்போமாயின்‌, இந்த அர்ச்சைசூத்திரர்க ளாலே அவர்கள்பொருட்டே ஆதியிலுண்டாக்சப்பம்‌ டதென்பதற்கும்‌,அதைப்பிறகுபிராம்மணரும்சுவப்பி யொஜனத்தைப்பற்றி யடி ச்கச்‌ சொடங்இனஞாக ளென்றும்‌,கிர்விவாதமாய்விளங்கும்‌. இக்கஸ்தலங்க ளிலும்‌ அவற்திலுள்ள விக்கரஹங்களிலும்பெரும்பா ன்மைக்கும்‌எவவளூர்‌, உறையூா, அப்பக்குடத்தான்‌ ௨ ப்பிலியப்பன்‌, என்பதுபோலத்தமிழ்ப்பெயயர்கள்‌௮ இயிலிடப்பட்டு, வெருகாலம்கழிக்தபிறகு௮வற்கில்பி ராம்மணர்புகுர்து புராணங்களெழமுதத்‌ தொடங்கிய போ௫ இப்பெயர்கஞக்கு ஸமஸ்கிருசத்தில்‌ மொழி பெயர்த்தார்களென்‌.£ம்‌, விளல்கும்‌.இவ்வாறமொழி பெயர்ப்பதில்‌ லெஸம்ஸ்ருத நடைக்கு. இணங்கிய போதிலும்‌ பலமொழிபெயர்ப்‌ பென்றேல்பஷ்டமர ய்விளங்குகின்றன. திருவெவ்வள்ளூர்‌,(ரீபெரும்பூன விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௨௯௭ ்‌, முதலியவற்றிற்கு? இங்கெஹபுரம்‌, பூதபுரம்‌ என றும்‌, இன்னுமிவ்வாறே அனேகஸ்தலங்களுக்கும்‌ ௮வ ற்திலுள்ள விக்ரெசங்களுக்கும்‌ பெயர்களிட்டிருப்ப: தும்‌ என்சகள்பேச்சினுண்மையைஸ்தாபிக்குமாகையா ்‌ இதில்சச்தேகமுள்ளவர்கள்‌ கோக்க தகு. இகளிலுள்ள ஸ்சலங்களுக்கும்‌ விக்ரெகங்களஞக்கும்‌ ஸம்ஸ்‌இருதப்‌ பெயர்களை விசாரித்துத்‌ தெளிவாக ளென நம்புகிறோம்‌. ௧௯. அசஞ்சல சிச்தமூண்டாவதும்‌ ஐம்புலன்க 6 ளைச்‌ செயிப்பதும்‌ அருமையான தாசையால்‌ எல்லா ₹ வற்றையும்விடவிக்ரஹஇராசனமே மிகவும்சிறஈ ஈ ததென்று பிரும்மாதிதேவதைகளும்‌, சனசசனந்த 6 காதியோகிகளும்‌,வியாசகெள தம ப. ரசாராதி ரூஷி 66 களும்‌, மனுமாச்தாதாமுகலானவர்களும்‌, மனிதராக “ ஞம்‌ அனுஷ்டி தீ மிகுர்த பேறுபெற்றிருக்கிருர்க ளென்று நமதுபெரு நால்களெல்லாம்‌ முறையிடு ன்மனவல்லவோ”என்றுசொல்லியிருக்சன்ற ௫. ஜ ம்புலன்களையும்‌ ௮வற்றின்‌ விஷயங்களையும்‌ ஈமது தர்‌ .மப்பிரவர்த்திக்குதி தடங்கலாகாமல்‌ தடுச்காதவரை அ௮ர்ச்சையினாலாவது மற்றெர்த உபாசனாமார்க்கத்தகா லாவது பயனுண்டென்முவது, பாபத் தக்கு ஹே .வாயில்லாத விதமாக எவ்வளவு அனுபவிக்தபோதி லும்‌ அது காம்‌ முக்தியடைவதற்குச்‌ தடங்கலாமெ ன்முவது. ஈம்மபர்‌ ஸ்தாபிக்க மாட்டிவாரோ 1 ஐம்‌ புலன்சளையடக்காதவரையில்‌அ௮ர்ச்சைஈமக்குக்‌ கதிய ௨௧ ௨௯௮... வேகஸமாஜூ. நீ க்கில்‌. உகைத்தில்பிசசப்போனவர்பிரமாணர்தேடு வதுசகஜமேயாகையால்‌ ,வியாசாதிருஷிகளஞும்மனுமா ்‌ ஈதாதாக்களும்‌ இக்சொடிய தொழிலையனசரித்தார்கு ளென்‌ ௮இக்தபெரும்பழியைகம்மன்பர்‌ அவர்தலையில்‌, சுருட்டிவைக்கத்‌ தணிக்க த௮இசயமல்ல, அவர்கள்பி. ரூருதத்தில்ஜிவித்திருக்க்‌.இப்பொய்யுரைச்காகாம்‌. மன்பாபடவேண்டியபாட்டி ற்கு௮வர்‌ ஹிருதயமேசா. ௯. தேவர்களும்‌ ருஷிகளும்‌ இரக்க அர்ச்சையையனு ஷ்டி தீதார்களென்பதற்கு மிசவும்‌ ம௫மைதங்கிய ஸ்‌ தலபுராணங்கள்‌ தவிர இதரசாதாரணகவுரவமுள்ளக்‌. சிரக்சங்களினின்றாவ.௮ எதாவதபிரமாணம்‌ எடுத்‌ து. ரைப்பாராஇல்‌ சரங்களவருக்கு என்றென்றும்‌. சட. மைப்பட்டிருப்போம்‌ ; அல்ல தாமே சாக்ஷியென்‌... பாரரகில்‌ சாங்களதின்‌ கவுரவத்தை யாக்ஷபிக்கவி. ல்லை. இரிகாலக்யர்களென்‌ ந இப்பெயர்பெற்றவ. ஈகளெல்லாம்‌. தியானிக்கச்‌ சகதியின்தி அர்ச்சை... யைக்‌ கம்டிக்கொண்‌ டமுதார்களெனச்‌ சொல்லத்‌. அணிவோர்ச்குப்‌ பொருச்தும்படிப்‌ புஞகதக்தெரியா விண்ணப்பம்‌; ௨௯௯ ,ந்போனதற்காக காங்கள்‌உண்மையாய்‌ பச்சாதா ப்‌ படுகிடரோம்‌. இக்கலியுகத்துக்கு முூன்வரையில்‌. ராசாரண மனிதர்க ளெல்லாம்‌ தியானத்‌இனாலே. . 'பறடைக்தார்களெனில்‌ ஈம்மன்பர்‌ பொருட்டுவியா. :பராசராதிகட்கு இக்தச்சக்தியில்லாமற்போனஅு பூ. மையல்ல. பிரும்மமேதனனு சகச்திகளையம்குணங்க ம்‌ ஓமித்‌தவிட்டுஈம்மன்பர்நிமித்தம்‌ அசேதனபதா ததமாயிற்றெனில்‌,வியாசகெளதமாதிகள்தியானமா' 'க்கத்தையாவது இவர்பொருட்டு ஓலிப்பதுச்சரிய: மாகுமோ? சடஏியாக ௮ாரச்சையை யவலம்பித்‌ ௮௮ இ: 2லதொண்டுபட்டவர்‌ 'பொங்கல்தத்தியோதனம்முக லியஓஹரைகளும்‌, நீங்கலாகோயும்தவிர வேறெந்தப்‌: பைுகளைப்பெற்றார்களோகாங்களதியோம்‌. ஆயினும்‌. எங்கள்‌ இருப்தியின்பொருட்டு நம்மன்பர்‌ ௮அதைவிவ ரிச்அக்கூறுவாரெனப்‌ பிரார்த்திக்கிரோம்‌. 200 இவையெல்லாம்‌ நம்மால்‌ செய்யப்பட்ட ஃ னவாகுமோ''என்கிமுர்‌. இவற்றில்கிலஈம்மாலும்‌, எ. ல நம்ம தகப்பன்மார்களாலும்‌, செய்யப்பட்டன வேயன்றி, எல்லாம்‌ ஈம்மால்‌ செய்யப்பட்டன வென்‌ இுகாற்கள்‌ சொல்லத்‌ அணியோம்‌. இவற்றைச்‌ செய்‌ தபாவத்திற்கு ஈம்மபாட்டன்மாரை உட்படுத்தஎங்க ட்கு மனமில்லை. ஆ௫லும்‌ தப்பிதம்செய்தவர்யாராக. லம்க்ஷையடையவேண்டியஅரியாயமே யாகையா ல்‌, ஈம்மன்பர்‌ தயைசெய்து ஈமம பாட்டன்மாருக்கு ம்‌ இவற்றில்‌ ஏதாவ சம்மக்தத்தை ர௬ுஜுப்படுதீா ௪௨௨00 ள்‌ ர” ந்‌ அதத்‌ கல்ப அவர்கட்கும்‌ பங்களிப்போம்‌. தலெம்தி ர ம்மவர்‌ இருப்தியின்பொருட்டு இதினின்றும்‌ ஈம்மபு ட்டன்மார்‌. தப்பிப்‌ போவார்களென்று உ.த இயாய்த்‌ கூடம்‌. ப 3 ௨௪... * இப்படியாக பகவான்‌ அதிசுலபமான தி வ்விய ரூபங்களாகி, ஈம்மாற்‌ செய்யப்பட்ட ரர்‌ “ சகனங்களைச்சைக்கொண்டுஇசத்தில்‌ பாவமன்னிப்பு “ம்‌ பரச்தில்‌ மோக்ஷிமென்டுத பிரும்மா னந்துத்தை “யம்‌ கொடுத்துரக௲ணைசேய்கறாரென்று பகவத்வா : கீியமாகிய பாஞ்சராக்திரமும்‌ வைகானலமும்மா £ றையிடுகன்றனவே” என்று சொல்லி மிருக்கிரர்‌ இத்கன்மையானக்‌ இரக்கங்களில்‌ இவவாறநு கூறியி ருப்பது ஆச்சரியமல்லவென்பதற்கு 66 32) ௦872 வ0௦ ௮” என்ற பிராணதோவஷிணி வாக்கியக்தை உதக ரிச்ததமன்றி, இர்தப்பாஞ்சராத்திராதி ததஇரங்களி ன்‌ மஹிமையை ஐயமற இதுவரையில்‌ நிரூபித்திக்கி. ன்தமையால்‌, இவ்விடத்தில்‌ வீண்பொழுது போக்க வேண்டிய அஆவசியகமில்லை, ஆகிலும்‌ ஈம்மவரில்‌ திரி மதஸ்சாளும்‌ பிரமாணமாயொப்புக்கொண்டிருக்கும்‌. ஃ“பலஜன்மஙகளெடுத்தபிறகும்‌ கஇியானவான்‌ மாத்‌இ: “ரமே யென்னையடைஇழுன்‌” என்னும்‌ தாவாக்கய. 3. பவா _நா௦ ௨_ந_நர2 ஜுா.ந ப்‌ ஹு)_நா௦ ட்‌ 20[- ஞ்‌ பட்‌ நா ௨௨௨) 9.௧. விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௯0௧ (தை, வைஷ்ணவர்களிலும்‌ லர்மாத்திரம்பிரமாண ரய்க்கொண்டிருக்கும்‌ தந்‌ இரங்களைச்‌ கொண்டு ஈம்‌ ௦ன்பர்‌ ரத்துசெய்ய முயலுரொரென்பதை மாத்திர. 5 எச்சரிக்கிறோம்‌. இனி ஈம்மன்பர்கூறும்‌ மற்னொரு -ருதிப்பிரமாணத்தைச்‌ சற்றுசவனிப்போம்‌, ்‌ ௨௨. இனதவிர யஜுர்வேதம்‌ ஐக்தாங்காண்டம்‌ 6 முதற்பிரஸ்னம்பதினொன்றாமனுவாகத்தில்சொல்லு ௨ இற சுருதியினால்‌ விக்ரஹ ஆராதனமே எல்லோர்‌ £ க்கும்சரியானசன்மார்க்கமெனறுசெ ரல்லப்படுஇற தே”என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிறுர்‌. இக்தச்சொல்லின்‌ தன்மையைரூபிக்க அந்த சுருதியின்‌ மொழிபெயர்‌ ப்பை இவ்விடத்திலுரைப்பதே போதுமாகையால்‌ வி த்தியாரண்ணிய பாஷிய சகாயத்தால்‌ அதின்கருக்‌ த இவ்விடத்தில்‌ உரைக்கிமோம்‌. இது ஆசுவமேதத்‌ இல்‌ ஆப்பிரி என்னும்‌ விறகைப்பற்கிய பிரகரணமெ ன்று அனைவரும்‌ ஓத்‌அக்கொள்வார்கள்‌. இதில்‌ விக்கிர ஹப்‌ பிரஸ்தாபமே வருவ்தற்கெடமில்லாம்‌ லிருக்கை யில்‌ 6 லிசக்சரூஹராதனமே” சரியானதென்று நம்‌ மன்பர்‌ ஏவகாரத்தோடு உரைத்தது வெகுவி$தையா க விருக்கிறது. . £ ஒஅுச்இனியே! நீர்‌்ஒளிபொருக்தியவராக மனதி 2 லுள்ள்‌ ரஹூயத்தை வெளிப்படுத்தி உருசி யுள்ள்‌ இண டட ட ட ட ததத கட்‌ டட. அவல்‌ 29% ஷிலொகுவற ௯ ௯4௨0௦8_கீ_நர5 ஹா 58ழெ 8ட-8_திங3ர-59 வாவ ஹஙவா.5௦ ்‌ ௨02. வேதஸ்மாஜ்‌; ர்‌ நெய்யைக்‌ குடிச்‌அவிட்டு, தர த அனே வேகளு எாளநீர்‌ ஹவிஸ்ஸைச்கொண்டு தேவர்களுடைய நீ 66 ரியசமூக.த்தில்‌ சேர்ப்டீராக, கெய்பூசியஹலீஸ்‌ 2 இய இந்தக்‌ குதிரையான௮ தேவர்களைப்போயகை யட்டும்‌, ஓ௮சுவமே! உன்னைத்‌இிக்குகள்‌ தடுக்காருநீ க, இந்தயஜமானனுக்கு ஷவெயெய(சோற்றை :: ககொடு, ௮சுவமே!. ரீஸ்‌ அஇிக்கத்தக்சவன்‌ , சேவிக்க ததக்கவன்‌, வேகமுடையவன்‌,யக்கயொர்ஹன்வஸ- 6 அகீஇினி ஹவிஸ்ஸை வஹித்அக்கொண்டு அஷ்டியுளி “ள உன்னைத்தேவருடன்‌ சேர்பிக்கட்டும்‌. பர்ஹிஜலை எரன்றாப்ப்பர ப்புவோம்‌. அவ்வாறு பரப்பப்பட்டுமி “'பூமியில்பரக்அு வளர்ச்அ கொண்டும்‌, பெரிசாயமு ள்ள அந்த பாஹிஸலை சுத்தமாக்இக்கொண்டு பிரீத்‌ யுள்ள அதஇதில்வர்க்கத்தில்ஸ்தாபிச்கப்படட்டும்‌, லா_சவேடொெெவர_௩ர௦ வகதிஷ௫ய ரஹ ஹூ. ஹ்‌ 0_5_நாவறு_க௦வஸொ ெவயா_௩ரந இலத ௨, 8ர_ஈஙா8) ௨ெ)-௪--கெவாறு, ௯ வ வெஉ கி, ஹவஞாம்‌ ஊமா8ுஹெ, ய தா_நாயயெ ஹி, 5203) மாவுல) ர, வாலி நூ ளூ மமாஹி) செய)றுஸவெ ! ௯.மிஷ. வ ெவெவஃ$ஹஷ-ஃஹி. வஜொஷர௦ ௨௫-௧௦ ௦ வஹ_தடட ஜார.கவெகரடி ஹீ ணஃ௦ ஊ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௩௨0௯ 4 ருதீஅுவிக்குகளே ! உங்களுக்கு த இர்சத்அுவாரங்கள்‌ நல்ல ஐசுவரியமளிப்பனவாயும்‌,பல௨ ருவினவாயும்‌; £உயரெடுக்கப்பட்டகதவுகளால்விரிக்‌ தம்‌.௮சைக்கத்‌ தகுந்தும்‌, பெருத்தும்‌, சன்றாயும்‌, ஒலித்‌ தக்கொண் டும்‌,பிரசாசித்‌தக்கொண்டும்‌,சுகமாய்ப்புகத்தகு£னு ரா (ஒபத்னியஜமானர்களே!) உங்களய த்யெஸபையில்‌ மித்திராவருணருக்கிடையில்‌ ௪ஞ்ச ரித்அக்கொண்டும்‌, யகச்யெங்களுக்குமுகமாயுமிருக 26 றெ(ுக்கினிஹோத்தரகாலத்தில்‌ பிரயாணத்துக்கா 4 க)பரல்பரம்‌ பே௫க்கொண்டும்‌, சோபனமானஹிர “௭ ண்ணியத்தைதரித்தும்‌, பரலஸ்பரம்ஸமானமாயுமிரு - ற இரவுபகலைஇவ்விடத்‌தஇில்‌ ஸ்தாபிக்கிறேன்‌. (ஓ ஃ பத்னியஜமானர்களே!) ஸமமான தெருடையவராயு 66 ம்‌. ஈல்லொளிபொருக்கியும்‌,தேவர்களாயும்‌,ஸமஸ்த ட பத அட ததத டம தடட ச ட பம ட. பப ஹி வஹடஷ மீச, உடஷாணொ!ர- ப வரப தலத்‌ அர்‌ உ௱ிவுா௦ ெவெமியட-ப ௧ 5 8. வஜொஷ்‌ா? ஸஹொ5௦கரணா _நாஹ-ஃவி _கஉமா_க-. வ_காஉவ£ ஹ__, ம.மாவி[5-௫ பா வி௨க்ஷொஹி௦, (22 த உஉ௱ூ௰0ூு_௧5௦, ஷோவே கீ? ௯வஷ6 ஸு-௦ம8ர_நர அாளறொ டிவி? ஷஹுபேராயணாவவஷ-ப. சாஷாாசி.கா வ௱டணாவ௱ாஞீ உ வய ஜாரா ஹவிஹ௦விஉ௱ ெெ, உஷாஸஹாவாம்‌ ௦ ஹூ_.ஹிரணெ)) ஹப! 0௪ வேதஸமாஜ, - மானஜகத்துக்களையும்பார்ப்போராயும்‌,உங்கள்‌ காரி 66 யங்களைப்படைப்போராயும்‌,தர்‌ஜனியினால்‌ ஒளியை ஈச்சாட்டிக்கொண்டும்யிருக்றதெய்வஹோதாக்களை “ ததிருப்‌சசெய்கறேன்‌. ஆதித்தியர்களுடன்‌ கூடிய பரரஇஎங்கள்‌ யக்ிெயத்தைக்‌ கோருவாளாரக, ருதீ இரனுடன்‌ கூடியஸரலஸ்வதிஎங்கள்‌ யக்கியத்தை ன்‌ கதிப்பாளாக. எங்களாலமைக்கப்பெற்ற வசுக்களு டன்கூடிய இடையென்பவள்‌எங்கள்‌ யக்கெெத்தை ரக்ஷிப்பாளாக, ஓதேவிகளே! நீல்கள்‌ எங்கள்யக்‌ ல்‌ யத்தை சேவர்களுக்குள்‌ ஸ்தாபிப்பீர்களாக. தேவ “ர்களிடத்தில்‌ பிரீதிவைக்சத்தக்க வீரனாயெ(புத்‌இ “ ரணைத்வஷ்டா உண்டாக்‌இஞர்‌, த்வஷ்டாவினிடத்‌ டெ. அவ) யொ_நா வி ஹஷஹாஃயாசி, பய காவா ௦ வாயி. வடவணு4ா ெவளவ்‌ ஞு 2-பவ்‌_நா நிவி, கவிஉடயவொடி நாவா ட கொ.சிஷேகஸா. திரூஷா. ரூ.2) 0௩.3 பு ்‌்‌ ழ்‌. ௦ஹ/ஹ_கீ, ஷ.ஹு0௦. _.௩.3ளூ வீர உ \| லொவ.ஹ-_கா வஹுூவமிஹகொஷா ய டப்‌ நாெலஷீ 27)_சஷ-ப(5_௪. கூஷ ரவி செவகாே 2ா_நகஷ _. [ரராஜாய_௪ சூஸஃப 0௦) கூஷெ உ௦விப1௦ -பவு_௩௦ ஜா.ந௦ய விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௨0௫ : இனின்றும்‌ வேகமாய்ப்‌ போகத்தக்க.. குதிரையுண்‌ ்‌ £ டாஇறது. இர்தப்பிரபஞ்சமனைத்தையும்‌ த்வஷ்டா ட்‌ உண்டாக்இஞா. அனைத்திற்கும்கர்த்தாவையும்பொ £ருட்டு ஒஹோதாவேநீர்யாகம்‌ செய்வீராக, நெய்பூ £ இயகுதிரை அந்தக்தயக்க இயத்தில்‌ தேவருக்குஹவி % ல்ஸாயாகட்டும்‌. வனஸ்பதியான வர்‌ அக்கனியினால்‌ ட்‌ உண்ணப்பட்ட ஹ.விஸ்ஸை தேவலோகத்துக்குக்‌ 86 கொண்டுபோகட்டும்‌. த ஒ௮க்னியே நீர்பிறக்தமாத்‌ இரத்தில்‌ பரத அமின்‌. தபலால்வளர்ந்து யக்கிய ஃ த்தைதரிக்கரீர்‌, ஸ்வாஹாவென்றளிக்கப்பட்ட ஹவி ஃ ஸூடன்‌ முன்சொல்லும்‌ நீர்வடுிக்கும்‌ சரோஷ்டமர “னஹவிஸ்ஸைத்தொழத்தக்கதேவர்களுண்ணட்டும்‌." என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. இந்தசருதியினால்‌ அர்ச்‌ 'சைக்கு எவ்வளவுஆதாரம்‌ஜனிக்கிறதோ அஅ தானாய்‌ விசாங்குமாகையால்‌, அதைக்குதிக்அ காங்களொன்‌ ஹொ க.கமாறாசிஹ யகூகி0.ஹா_5, ௬ஹஹொ வர.௪ _௩_த_ந)ரஷ$_த உவ 0ெ.வாக 8௧-௦௦ வாய வ_௪,வ.சஷகிடெ4வமொக் - உடலா _ந_நழமி.நா ஹவாஹுசி.தர.மி வக்ஷ௪. வா \| வசெஷவ ஷரவாவமாநஹேஷொலா0.சா டியிஷெயஐ 80.மஹா.ஹர ௯70_௧_ந.ஹ விஷா ௨டனொ ன ரடமி ஹா £ ஹவி [ரஉைப ெவா?. 0௭ வேகஸமாஜ, ்‌ * தும்‌ விசேஷமா யுரைக்சவேண்டியதில்லையென ஸ்‌ பு மேம்‌. 6 சகஇயில்லாமற்‌ போகுமா. அணுவுக்குள்ளணவாயு ம்பெரி௮ச்கும்‌ பெரியவராயு மிருக்கராரென்கிற ்‌ 6 ர௬ுதிவசனத்தை அஆலேரடிக்கவேண்டாமா. . இக்‌ த 65 சர அராதனத்தை வைஷ்ணவம்‌ மத தம்‌,சைவம்‌, சாக்தேயம்‌, காணாபத்தியம்‌, பாஸ்கரப சீதியமென்கிற ஷண்மதஸ்தரும்‌ ஒப்புக்கொண்ட விஷயமென்றகியீரா.. மேலும்‌ ஈம சடகோப ர்முதலிய ஆம்வாராசாரியர்களும்‌ அப்பர்‌ முதலிய சமயா சாரியர்களும்‌, மற்ற நாயன்‌ மார்‌ களும்‌ வித்தரகததையே, பிரம்மமென்று அபேதமாய்பா : டி. பேறுபெற்றிருக்கிமுர்களல்லவா””என்ற௮ு சொல்‌ லியிருக்தெ.௫. பிரும்மத்‌. அக்கு எவ்விடத்திலும்‌எவ்வி தமாயமிருப்பதற்குச்‌ சக்தியுண்டெனிலும்‌ அவருடை ய இதரகல்லியாணகுணங்களுக்கும்‌ தியமங்களுக்கு ம்பாதகம்‌ ஜனிக்கும்படி நடப்பாரென்பது அசம்பா வியமென இசதந்குமுன்னே நிரூபிக்கப்பட்ட. இது வரையில்‌ பலரனுஷ்டித்தார்களே என்பதற்கு கயா 6 5) நவடி 3ாகிகணி” என்ற சுருதியையும்‌. ௮தின்‌ பாஷியங்களையம்‌ சவனிக்க வேண்டிய. சிலகாள்‌ முன்வரையில்‌ அம்மைப்பிடாரி காட்டேரி. விண்ணப்ப்ம்‌. 7 ்‌ ௭0௪ 'முதலியவந்திற்கு நம்மபெரியவரனைவரும்‌ பொங்க 'லிட்டுவர்‌ அ,பிறகு௮அவற்றை கத்‌ இரதெய்வங்களெ ன்றும்‌; உபா௫ிப்பத்தச்சனவல்லவென்றும்‌ ஒழித்தா£ ' களல்லவா? முன்னோரனுஷ்டித்தார்களென்கிற ஹே தவே பலீயஸலாூல்‌, மேற்படிக்ஷூத்திரஉபாசனையை .ஒழித்ததம்‌ பமுதென்றேசொல்ல வேண்டி.யிருக்கும ல்லவா? இத்தியாகி அரச்தஹேனக்களால்‌இவையெல்‌ . லாம்‌ ஆதியில்‌ குத்திரருக்காக வர்தவையென்றும்‌,௮ வற்றைப்‌ பிராம்மணரும்‌ மதிக்கேட்டால்‌ அனுஷ்டி.க்‌ கத்‌ தொடங்கியபோதிலும்‌, தெளிவுபிறந்தபிறகு. பல வற்றை விட்டொழித்தார்களென்றும்‌, இனிபற்றற்று யோசிப்பவர்‌ மற்றபாகத்தை ஒழிப்பார்களென்றும்‌, ஒழிக்சவேண்டியதென்றும்‌ ஏற்படுகிறதல்லவா. .... ௯ வநிதிநூலாகய குறளில்‌:சிறப்பொடுபூசனை செல்லாதுவானம்வறச்குமேல்வாஜோர்க்குமீண்‌டு” - 6 என்றுஇருவள்ளுவர்சொல்லியிருக்கிறார்‌, இதஇினுலு 66 ம்விக்செஹராதனமேமுக்கயெமானதென்று நிச்ச '“மிச்சப்பரிறதே"என்‌அசொல்லியிருக்கிறார்‌. இதற்‌ குநம்மன்பர்‌ கூறியபொருள்‌, இவர்‌ உதஹரித்த ௪௫ - திகள்‌ விஷயத்தில்‌ கொண்டபொருளுக்குத்‌ தாழ்ந்த தல்ல. இருவள்ளுவகாயஞனார்‌ வான்டிறப்பைக்‌ கூறு . கையில்‌, மழையில்லாவிடில்‌ மச்கள்செளக்கியம்குன்‌ அவதுமாத்திமேயன்றி விண்ணோரை உத்தேடுத்‌ அ யாகம்‌ செய்தலும்‌ முடியாதென்பது இதன கருத்தா கவிருக்கையில்‌ விண்ணோர்‌ ஸ்தானத்தில்‌ பொம்மை ௬0 வேதஸமாத, களையும்‌, யக்யெத்தின்‌ ஸ்தானத்தில்‌ பைத்தியக்காற உச்சவங்களையும்‌ வைத்துகம்மன்பர்‌ பொருள்கூதிய ௮ அ௮வர்மனஅக்கேனும்‌ இசைர்தால்‌ போதும்‌. வேதி ததைப்‌ பூர்வபக்ஷம்செய்யத்‌. திருவள்ளுவர்‌ சொல்‌! லைக்‌ இரஹித்த ஈம்மன்பர்‌. பிரமாண கவுரவ தா 7தம்மியங்களை ஈன்றாயறிந்தவரே போலும்‌. ஆழ்‌ வார்கள்பாடிய பாடல்களுக்குத்‌ இரு வள்ளுவர்‌. “சொல்குறைந்ததென்பதல்லஎங்கள்கருத்௮. ஏட்டில்‌ எழுதியதெல்லாம்‌ அல்லியப்பிர மாணமென்னு ம்ம்‌ அன்பர்‌ கிரஹித்ததுமாத்காரமே ஆச்சரியமாக விருக்‌: றன. இவ்வாறு அவர்கொள்ளாவிடில்‌ பழமொழறிக. ஊாயும்‌ சுருஇக்காச்சமானமாகக்‌ கூறுவாரேோ, என. னில்‌ :ஆலயச்கொழுவதுசாலவகன்‌;””“வையக்தோ. றந்‌ தெய்வர்தகொழு என்று ஒளவை கூட சொல்லி. 66 யிருக்கறாளல்லவா, 2? என்அு நம்மன்பர்கூறுஇருர்‌, இவ்விரண்டு பமமொழிகளுள்‌ இரண்டாவதினால்‌. ஐ. ம்மவருச்கு என்னஆகார முண்டாகஇறதோ தெரியவி ல்லை. மற்றொரு பழமொழியைப்‌ பற்தியோவெனில்‌ அதை அக்காலத்திலுள்ள சூத்திரரை உச்தேடத்து ஒளவைசொன்னாளென்பகில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. அக்கா. லத்திலுள்ள பிராம்மணரைகோக்இ இவ்வாறுரைச்‌இ. ருந்தால்‌ ௮வர்கஞண்மையாக வேகோரபித்திருப்பார்‌ களென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. அப்படிக்கில்லாவிடில்‌ “அளை அறத்தினாலும்‌, ஆலயத்தில்‌ அழையாதே? ௭. ன்‌ பிராம்மணாள்‌ கூறியசற்குச்‌ காரணம்விளங்கவி ப ்‌ விண்ணப்பம்‌. ப 7௨0௯ ல்லை. இதிஞலேயே அக்காலத்தில்‌ சூத்திரரால்‌ அவ லம்பிச்சப்பட்டிருச்த இரத அர்ச்சையைப்‌ பிராம்ம ணர்வெகு அசவு ரவமாககீ அமக அப்பம்‌ னு பன ஸ்பஷ்டமாகிறது. ௨௫. இர்தவிக்கிரஹக்தை ம நாமே “பூசிப்பதென்றால்‌ பிரத்தியக்ூ விரோசமா யிருக்கி ப்‌ தென்றும்‌. ௮ம்பபுத்து புடையவர்களஞக்காக இக ட்‌ தப்பிரதிமை யண்டாகியதென்றும்‌ சொல்லவந்தா “லோ ஈம்மாற்செய்கிறதென்பதும்‌ காம்‌என்கிற வக £:ஙுகாரமும்‌ இந்த ஆர்ச்சை விஷயத்தில்‌ விட்டுவிட வேண்டும்‌என்று சொல்லியிருக்கிற. மற்றவிஷ ய ததிலெல்லாம்‌. ௮கங்கார மிருக்கவேண்டுமென்றும்‌; இகத அர்ச்சாவிஷயத்தில்மாத்திரம்‌ அதைவிட்டுவிட , (வேண்டுமென்றும்‌, ஈம்மன்பர்‌ கூறுவதற்குக்‌ காரண ம்தெரியவில்லை. உலகச்தில்வாதமேராகபோசமமெ ஷஃகொவெ_5௨-ஒயெக" மிகுதியைக்‌ கோப தசால்பூரிச்ச)என்‌றெரியாயப்படிக்குத்‌ தண்டடி தடி. யடியெனப்பேசுவதும்‌,யுச்சிக்கும்பிரமாணத்‌தக்கும்‌ விரோதமா யிருக்கிதேயென்றால்‌ ஐயாசாதித்ததை யாக்ூபிக்சாதேயென்பசும்‌, நம்மபண்டி.தர்களுக்கு ச வபாவமாக விருக்கிற௮. இர்தவிக்சிரஹங்ககை கா மேசெய்அகமேகாக்‌ தூ,ரசாமேஅழமிக்கிமேமென்பதும்‌ ரட்‌. ஏற்படுத்கப்பட்டனவென்‌ பதம்‌ பொய்யாருமோ. ? அப்படியாகில்‌ இவருடைய ப்பிரமாணங்களாகயே. இதின்‌ முதல்த்தியாயத்தி ஓ ு ௨௧௦0 வேதஸமாஜ, ரைத்த உத்தர, ஸ்காந்தம்‌, மஹாகிர்வாணம்‌; முதலிய ர டத அம இவர்க சவித்ெதிக்கனி க ப... லில்‌ அவர்‌ இரர்தத்தை யெழுதுஙிகால்‌ சேஷச்னு! வருணா பரிபூர்ணராகவிருந்து எங்களை வேதகாதசசு மாஜ ” மென்று எழுதினார்‌. இவர்‌ அர்ச்சாவிஷயத்‌. இல்‌ மாத்திரம்‌ அஹங்காரம்‌. கூடாதென்று உபகே சித்தவாறே நம்மவரனுஷ்டானங்களைப்‌ பற்றிய எவ்‌ விஷயத்திலும்‌ அஹ.ங்கார மமகாரங்கள்‌ கூடாதெ னஎங்கட்குபதேடு த்திருப்பாராகல்‌ சாங்கள வருக்கு, உண்மையாகவே உடன்ப்பட்டிருப்போம்‌. “கூர்மை யான பு.க்தியடனும்‌ கேர்மையான பக்தி யடனும்‌” நம்மன்பர்‌ “எங்கள்புன்மதிக்கும்‌ மதிமயக்கத்துக “ குமிரங்க?? அஹங்காரத்தை விட்டொழிக்கும்‌ ப மஉபதேடித்ததை, அத்மஸ்துதி, அர்த்தாசை, ப : ரனிஈதனை யில்லாத என்னைப்போன்ற மகானுபா வனுக்கும்‌ஒரூபணம்‌ இக்த முண்ட்த துக்கும்‌ஓரு:ப ணமா” என் அரைத்த உத்தராதிப்‌ பிராம்மணன்சதை யைப்போல்‌ மதிக்காமல்‌ ஈல்லகையார்சொன்னாலும்‌ இிரஹிச்கவேண்டியதென்கற விதியினால்‌ ஈம்மனபர்‌ அ௮ன்புகூர்ர்‌ இவ்வளவு .உரைத்ததற்காககாங்கள்‌ உ. ண்மையாய்‌ எங்கள்‌ ஈன்றியறிவை விளக்கிஷோம்‌. ௭ -விகளுக்குமவர்க்கு முூள்ளகாரியங்களிலெனில்‌ இவர்‌ சொல்வதை நாங்கள்‌ தடுக்கக்கூடாகாகஇிலும்‌ கடவு விண்ணப்பம்‌. உக ரால்‌ எங்கள்மீது சுமத்தப்பட்ட உச்தரவாதங்களைச்‌ சலுத்அம்பொருட்டு விஷயவிசாரம்‌ செய்து ரஹி க்க வேண்டியதைக்‌ கிரஹித்து தீ தியஜி 1கக வேண்டிய உதத்தியஜிப்போமாகில்‌ அன்னிமித்தமாக எங்களை௮ பத அதன ட படப்பட தரும தும ௨௬. அது எதைப்போல வென்முல்‌ ப்பூமியி லிருக்ற மனிதர்‌ முதலிய சராசர உ களெல்லாம்‌ சிலஸ்‌தரீபுருஷ. சம்மக்தத்தி னாலும்‌ ணலஜலப்பிரகவி சம்மக்தத்திவலும்‌ உண்டாஇத்தா மாய்‌ வளர்ந்து மடிர்துபோவதை யெப்படி பக ஈ தாக்ியை யென்று நிச்சயிச்கிரோமோ அப்ப டியே விக்ரஹ விஷயயக்திலும்‌ நினைச்ச வே ண்டியஅ மனிதர்களுடைய கடமையாக விருக்‌ £ இற ”என்னு சொல்லியிருக்‌இருர்‌, இதில்‌ இருஷ்‌. டாந்த இராஷ்டாந்தசம்மந்த மின்னதென்று விளங்‌ இ ஈம்மையெல்லாம்‌ இருஷ்டிப்பதுபோலவே தடவள்விக்செஹத்தையும்‌ சருஷ்டிச்சருரென்பதோ அல்ல அகம்மைக்கடவுள்‌ இருஷ்டிக்கிறவாறுகாமவ௰்‌ றைம்‌ இருஷ்டிக்ோமென்பதோ அல்லதுகதேத்தில்‌ லாமலும்‌,இன்திருக்‌ அம்‌, சாளையில்லாமலும்போகும்‌ நீதவிச்சரஹம்சன்னைத்கானே ிருஷ்டித்துக்கொ வ்டசென்பசகோ,அல்லது வேறெர்தகருத்தை க்கொ ண்டோசம்மன்பர்‌ இவ்வாறெழுஇியிருக்கருர்‌, இவரு டையஇர்தசுருஇக்பொஷியம்‌ செய்யும்பெருமையா௫ க ர்‌ எங்கள்‌ ட ட டட த்‌ ௮ டக பம க... 2 அ “சையால்‌ பிரம்மமேஅர்ச்சை அர்ச்சையேப்‌ பிரம்ம “ம்‌”"என்று. சொல்லி யிருக்கற௮. இந்த பராமர்ச . வாக்கியத்தை எந்த. தர்க்கச்தைக்கொண்டு பரீக்ஷிக்க வேண்டியதோ தெரியவில்லை. ஒருதர்க்கத்துக்கும்‌ இ து இசையமாட்டாதென்பதையதிக்தே இதையாக்ஷே பிச்சக்கூடாதென்னுங்‌ கருத்துடன்‌ எல்கள்வாயைஞா டும்பொருட்டு இது € பகவன்னியமனம்‌ என்று முழி த்தார்‌. சுருஇயில்‌ அவர்‌ நியமித்ததற்கு ௪ கேர்விமோத மாக இப்படியொரு நியமனம்‌ புதிதாய்த்‌ கோன்தி யபடியால்‌ அதைச்‌ சற்றுவிசாரிக்கத்‌ அணிகிறோம்‌. இதிலுரைத்தமுதலிரண்டு வாக்கயெங்களைப்‌ பிரதிக்‌ இயையும்‌ ஹேதுவு மெனக்கொள்ளும்‌ பக்ஷத்தில்‌ கா ம்‌ பிரும்மமல்லவென்றுமாத்திரம்‌ நிகமனமேந்ப்படு ம்‌. இக்தஇரண்டு ௮வயவங்களிலும்‌ ஹேஅவாயாவது பகூமாயாவது சாத்தியமாயாவனு பிரவர்த்திக்காத அர்ச்சையென்லும்பதம்‌ எந்தசம்மக்தத்இிளுல்‌ “பிரு ம்மமே அர்ச்சைஅர்ச்சையே பிரும்மம்‌”என்கிற க கமனத்தில்‌ வந்தேறியதோ-தெரியவில்லை, ல்‌ ஒவ்வொ ர பராமர்ச வாக்யெத்திலும்‌ பக்ஷம்‌ சாத்தியம்‌ ஹே துவென்ற மூன்றுஅவயவங்களைக்‌ காட்டி லும்‌, ௮இ கமிருப்பதாய்‌ இஅவரைக்கேட்டி ராவிடிலும்‌ இக்தப \| 5. “நாம்‌,பிரும்மம்‌, அர்ச்சை, மூ விண்ணப்பம்‌, ௩௧௩. ம்‌ கியம்‌, அமுக்கியம்‌, என்கற. ஐ ுபதங்களைக்‌ ௪ ண்டபடியால்‌. இவற்றின்‌ சம்மர்தங்களை எங்கள்‌ €பு ன்மஇக்கு”லிளங்கு கும்படி. நம்மன்பா்‌ கெளிவாயசை படாரென ஈம்பி வேண்டி க்கொள்ளுகிழோம்‌. இஇல்‌ வியவஹரித்தபரிபாஷைகள்செவ்வையாய்த்‌ தெரியா விடில்‌ காள வருஷம்‌ ஞூ ட எண்ன லக னையைப்‌ பார்த்சால்‌ விளங்குமென எச்சரிக்‌ ௨௮௦௩ ₹: இதுவே ர 2 தியென்‌௫நினைக்காசவர்கள்‌ காம்‌ அற்பபுத்தியுடை : பவர்கள்‌''என்௮ுகம்மன்பர்கூறுகிரார்‌. உண்மையில்‌ ரங்கள்‌ ௮ற்பபுத்தியுடைவர்களாகவேயிருக்கலாமெ பதில்‌ சந்தேகமில்லை. ஆகலும்வேகவிதியைத்தவரு ல்‌ அனுசரிப்பதினால்‌ இதமாத்திரமேயன்தி இன்ன ம எவ்வளவுகொடியஅபவாகம்‌ கேரிட்டாலும்பொ து மையுடன்‌ ச௫ப்பதேஎங்கள்கடமையாகவிருக்கற து. வதத்துக்கும்‌ அதபி.ரஇபாதிக்கும்‌ பிரம்மத்‌அக்கும்‌ மேலானவராகிய ஈம்மன்பர்‌ அர்ச்சைமாத்தரமேய ன்றி.இலும்‌ கோடிபங்கககமான ஹேயூருத்தியல்‌ அிச்னு செய்தாலும்‌ ௮வர்‌ ௮இகபத்தியை யுடையவ ரயாவார்‌. முடிவில்‌ எங்சளுத்திரவா தத்சைச்செலு ளி தவேண்டிய௰. கெங்கட்ருப்‌ பிரசானமேயனறி நம்ம ன்‌ பருடையவாவ.து மற்றவருடையவாவ சர்டியி கேட்டல்ல. . ௨௯. ஈஇம்மசமை பெருயெ இவ்வியாராதனத ௨௨ ௩௨௧௫ வேகஸமாஜ, “ தைச்‌ செய்யாசவர்களும்‌ இதை யிசழ்சசவாகளும்‌ 0 : கடவளுடைய தண்டனைக்குட்படவொர்களென்‌ த ரூ.திமுறையிடுகிறதே”என்று எழிதியிருக்கிருர்‌. இ படி முூறையிடுிறகருதிமின்னதென்‌ ௮ஏற்படம்போ.அ அதற்குப்பதிலுரைக்கவேண்டிய௰யது ஆவ௫ியகமாஞும்‌ ௩௦. “மேலும்‌ ஆரணம்‌ முதற்பிரச்னம்‌ இருபதி : சேமாவனு அனுவாகம்‌ பத்தொன்பதாவது வாக்க யம்‌ மூசலிற்சொல்லுகற சுருதிக்கு வித்தியார £ ணியரும்‌ பாஸ்கரபட்டரும்‌ செய்திருக்கிற பா “ யத்தைப்பார்த்சால்‌ உண்மையெல்லாம்‌ வெளியா : கும்‌”என்று சொல்லியிருச்‌இரு தர்‌, இந்தசுருதியில்‌ %* “ஈல்லவஸ்திரந்சரிச்துக்கொண்டும்‌ அலகங்கரிக்கப்பட்‌ £ மும்யூபம்‌)வக்தச. அதுபிறக்தமாக்திரத்தில்‌ ரி : ஷ்டமாடுற து, அதை தேவதாப்பிரீதியுள்ள இரர யம்‌ கல்லமனமுூடையவராயு முள்ளாகவிகள்‌ புக்‌. “ யினால்‌ அதை ஈடரூர்கள்‌"என்‌அ சொல்லியிருக்க ஐ... யூபதிதைப்‌ பற்தியஇச்சசருஇபினால்‌ விக்கிரஹ ஆராதனம்‌ பிரதிபாஇக்கப்படுகிறதாய்‌ நம்மன்பா ௨ ரைத்ததஅவர்கூறிய மற்றச ருஇப்பிமாணல்களு க்கு ச்சமானமாயிருக்கிற தென்பதற்குச்சக்கேகமிலையே! ஈம்மன்பாகொடி கத்தில்‌. சன்ராய்கேளும்‌''ஏன்‌ தே 9 ய வரஹ்‌வாஹா? வறிவீ களு.மா4 உஸெடயால மூவதி, ஜாயா ௩6 _தீாஹ£ க வய உ ௫112 ஷி, ஷஹாயியொ ஹா (0௨. வய விண்ணப்பம்‌. ௭௧௫ ரங்களித்‌ தடன்முடி52௮ இனிஇதின்‌ பாஷியம்மாத்‌ ரம்பாக்கயிரு நப்பதால்‌அதைஇவ்விடத்‌அஎடுத்‌ தமை "ப அனத்தி அருகி சலக்‌ தேகமில்லை, & “யஙவாநத்‌ அதரம்‌ அரள ளனர்‌ “ஷடாசிர யலக்ஷண த்துடன்‌ கூடிய, ஸ்ுவாஸா5- அத்தான்‌ ண்ப்ப ட ரக வ௱ிலீ சு அந்தர :சனையினால்‌ சுற்றப்பட்டது; இப்படிப்பட்ட யூபம்‌ (ஸரூ.மரசு--வக்தத- ௮௭௮௨௮௮ அதானே ஞெ யாங்‌ ஜாயா .ந6--சகல ப டக வ்‌ எணடமல “உயர்த்த. _த௦ டுப்படிப்பட்ட ௮ர்தழபத்தைய்‌ ்‌ ௱ாாஸ$-- புத்திமான்களாயும்‌, ஐஈஸாெவயஞ தேவ ர்களை விரும்புவராயும்‌, ஷாவை 8 ன்றும்‌. ச 3 ட்ட அவப்‌ தத்ததன யாஜி ஓக்ஷ ணஒக்தி_த ஐ.த)ய.1௦. ஹப வாஷா2- டொ (0.5 ரவாஷஹஹா--(370. .நயாய-௦க 0. வறிவீ_௧£ _ சயாாரா.சயாவெஷி.௧3. வவ வியொய-னு வசூ.மாக-- ளு மகி, ஹஉ--ஹணவ-- யன பை ஜெயாஐோயரே_52--ஹவெ.30௮) ரவ . ஹ ஹ..திஸ) உககரஷ சியாவ௦918) 'மாதொலவ.கி, _தஃ--ஹவஊவ௦ வியஃய-ஒஷ௦யீறார ஹூ கடத ஷா செவயஞஷ --0௨வாறு காசாயசா..நா௦, ஹா ஸ்ட து இது ர_௩யடட௯ 8௯ ௩௧௭... வேதஸ்மாஜ, “ர்வவிகத்திலும்சியொநிப்பவராயும்‌உள்ள வய :இர்சதர்சிசளாகயஅத்வரியமுகலானவர்கள்‌, உய ஷி--உயரமாய்ஈடுஇிருர்கள்‌. "என்‌ சொல்லியிருக்க. ற௮. வித்தியாரண்ணியர்‌ நம்மன்பரூடைய ஸ்வரூபத்‌ தை இவ்வளவு நன்றாய்‌ அதரித்திருக்இிறா ரல்லவா. 8 பாஸ்கரபட்டருடையபாஷியம்‌ எங்களிடத்திலில்லா சி விடி லும்‌ மூலத்துக்கும்‌ விச்தியாரண்ணியர்‌ பாஷிய.. த்துக்கும்‌ கேர்விரோசமாக அவர்பொருள்‌ செய்திரு ப்பாரென ஈம்பக்கூடவில்லை; ௩௦... இப்படி சுசன்‌ மீறு "“சொல்லியடங்கா “ த. அனேகசுருதிகளும்‌ உபகிஷதல்களும்‌ ஆகமக்க - : ருநம்‌ இஈ்தவிக்கிரஹ அராகனதக்தைக்‌ கொண்டாடு இிறபோன ஏனிந்தக்‌ கூட்டம்‌ கூடினார்கள்‌. கூடி. \| “னாலும்‌ வேதஸமாஜம்‌எனகிறபெயரை யேன்வைக்‌ \| : அக்சொண்டார்கள்‌. இவ்வேற்பாடுமிகவம்‌ ஒழுங்‌ : கற்றதாயும்‌ உலகப்பழிப்புற்றகாயு மிருக்கிறதே ௭ . உன்ன சொல்லுஇஜீர்‌.” ! என்றுகேட்சக விபக்க இன ந்தச்‌ சண்டப்பிரசண்டமானப்‌ பிரமாணங்களுக்குவி . \| டையரைக்கமாட்டாமல்‌ ௮கிருக்கட்டும்‌ இண்டாவ துிப$தனையைக்‌ கேளும்‌ என்கிறான்‌. உலகத்தில்‌ ௯ ரு.திசளும்‌ உபநிஷத்‌ அகளும்‌ விஸ்தாரமிருப்பதுஉண்‌ மையே, ஆடலும்‌ அவற்றராலிவருக்‌ சென்ன பயன்இ ட்டும்‌ ௦ ்‌ வய 5-௯ ரை பி30.நா யய.3ா உயா6,உ௦௨௫ய ஞி--௨௦_ந_த௦க டவ. ஷி. விண்ணப்பம்‌, உவர்‌ 'டைக்குமோ தெரியவில்லை. இ௫வரைசருத சாதிய [மாயாவன இவர்பெயர்குறிக்கத்‌ அணிக்கசுருஇிகளும்‌ - பாஷியங்களும்‌ இவர்சககதியை இவ்வளவு இவ்வியமா ச ஸ்தாபித்தனவென்ளறுல்‌ இவர்பேரும்‌ உரைக்கமாட்‌ டாத மற்றசருஇகள்‌ இவருக்கு எவ்வளவு உதவமோ \| அதைப்பரீகஜிக்கவும்‌ வேண்டுமோ. இதில்‌“சொல்லவ 'டங்காது” 'என்பதினால்‌௮ந்தசுருதிகள்‌இவர்கருக்அச்க .டங்காதென்பதோ அல்லஇந்தப்புஸ்தகத்தில்‌ சொ \| ல்லிமுடியாதென்பதோ இவருடையஅர்த்தம்‌. இதுவ ரையில்காங்கள்‌ வேதஸ்மாஜமென்கஇுற பேரையேன்‌ த்தம்‌ கொண்டோமென்று நம்மன்பர்‌ மாத்இர மேயன்தி இன்லும்பலரும்‌ கேட்டார்கள்‌. இக்சவிண்‌ .ணப்பத்ஜைப்‌ படித்தபிறகு அதற்குள்ள ஹேஅதானளு ந விளங்குமாகையால்‌ அதைவிரித்துரைக்கவேண்டி _ ய ஆவடியகமில்லை யெனக௩ஈம்புகிமோேம்‌. எங்கள்‌ கூட்‌ டத்தார்‌உத்தேசியமும்‌ இன்னதென்ற௮ஈம்மன்பர்‌இனி அறிந்அகொள்்‌ வாரல்லவா ? நம்மன்பருடைய ந ்‌ தியை அளவாசக்கொண்டுபரிசோதிக்குமளவில்‌ எங்‌ 1 கள்கூட்டம்‌ ஒழுங்கற்றதேயாம்‌. உலகப்பழிப்புள்ள 4 தாயிருக்கின்றதே யேன்றுலோ ஒயதார்த்தவாதிபகுஐ ்‌ நவிரோதி''எனபறு நம்மன்பருக்கே தெரியமே. ௮ - இலும்காங்கள்‌ பகுஜனவிரோதஇகளா பிருக்கலாமேய ன்‌நிஸர்வ௲னவிரோதிசளல்லவே. உலகத்திலுள்ள ௬௫௪ 0கோடிஜனங்களில்‌ இத்தேசத்தில்‌ இ$தஅர்ச்சை யையேவயிற்றுப்‌ பிழைப்பாய்ப்பாராட்டிக்‌ கொண்டி. கடக] வேகளமாஜ, ருக்கும்‌ சுமார்‌ உ கோடிஜனங்கள்‌எங்களைப்பகைத்த போதிலும்மற்றவரெல்லாம்‌ சிலா௫ப்பாரென்பதில்‌௪.. ரீதேகமுண்டோ. கடைசயாகஉலகத்துலுள்ளஜனங்க ஞூடையசிலாகைஆபேசுதிக்கத்தக்கதேயாகலும்கடவு ளின்கருத்திற்குஇ சையாதபோ௮இந்தசிலாகையெல ந்‌ லாம்காரியகாரியல்லவென்பத எல்லோர்க்கும்தெரிர ம தவிஷயம்‌. இதுவரையில்‌ ஈம்மவரில்‌ பலரெழமுதிவகத ்‌ இரர்கங்களைப்‌ போலவே இர்தவேசசமாஜசண்டன மும்‌ ஒரு ஆம்வார்பாடலாகப்‌ பரிமளிக்கவேண்டுமெ ன்னும்‌ கருக்‌ துடன்‌ நம்மனபர்‌ அந்தசஞ்சிகையை ௪ \| முதினாரென்பகில்‌. சந்தேகமுண்டோ. அதின்சு வரூப த்தைவிளச்கராங்கள்‌முயலாவிடில்‌ அதைப்‌ பாமரஜன ங்கள்‌ ஆம்வார்பாடலாயே மதிப்பதமாத்‌ொமேயன்‌ றி அகைஸம்ஸ்‌இிருதத்திலம்‌ மொழிபெயர்த்துசதோ பநிஷத்திலும்‌ கோத்‌ துவிவொரென்பதில்‌ சந்தேகமு : ண்டோ. ஈம்மன்பர்‌ இரர்தத்தைக்தொடங்குள்‌ கால தமக்குமனவருத்தமுண்டான தாயுரைத்ததற்குக்‌ கா ரணம்‌ இட்போது நன்றாய்விளங்குமல்லவா. இந்தகா ர்‌ ன்சாவனு அத்தியாயம்‌ மற்றஞமூன்று அத்தியாயங்க . சைப்போல்‌ ரஸவத்தாயில்லாமைக்கு கால்கள்காரண மூரைக்கவேண்டியதிலலை. நம்மன்பர்செய்த அக பங்களின்சுவரூபக்தையோகிக்குங்கால்‌அவற்திற்கு௪ சொல்ல சக்க வினைத்‌ இல த காட்டத்‌ உதவித்‌ தாயிருப்பது ௮ருமையேயல்லவா. அவற்றிற்கு வி டையுரைக்காமலே யிருக்அுவிடலாமாகிலும்‌, அவை௮ அன்‌ 1 விண்ணப்பம்‌. “உ௧௯ பேத்தி யமானதாகையால்‌ அவற்றிற்குசாங்கள்விடை 'புரைக்கமாட்டாமல்‌ ல்‌ விட்டுவிட்டோமெனப்‌ பாமரஜ னங்கள்‌ மதிக்கும்படி பிருக்குமாகையால்‌ எங்களி ஷ்டத்துக்கு விசோதமாகவே அயலார்பொருட்டு இ வளவெழுதும்படி நேரிட்டது. சாதாரணவிஷயங்களில்‌ ஓ ஒருவன்‌ அப்பிரமாணமா ய்‌ வாஇக்கத்தொட ங்கில்‌ ஈமக்குஎவ்வளவு மனவருதி தழமுண்டாகுமோ அதைச்‌ சற்றுயோசி சிப்போமாகில்கி ஷ்பக்ஷபாதமாய்‌ உண்மையை யறிஈ அ கொள்ளவே ண்ரிமென விருப்பமுடைய அநந்தப்‌ பிராணிகளை ம பத்‌ பர்த்‌ மோசம்செ ய்து,சபடவாதங்களாடி,௮ வர்களஞுடைய இஹபரசுகங்க ளெல்ல லாம்‌ இறக்கு சம்ப டூயான அர்மார்க்சத்தைச்‌ சன்மார்க்கமென்று எ ண்பிக்கும்பொருட்டு; தமக்கு உள்ளும்‌ வெளியும்‌ கா ௯ஷியாய்‌உறைகின்ற கடவுளிற்கும்‌ அஞ்சாமல்‌ பொ ப்ப்பிரமாணங்களை உக கஹரிப்பவர்‌ விஷயத்தில்‌ ௮வ_ வர்‌ உபயோகுிக்கத்தக்க சொற்கள்‌ எத்தன்மையன வா யிருக்கவேண்டு மு்மென அவரவர்மனதைத்தொட்டு ப்பார்ப்பாராகில்‌, நாங்கள்‌ எல்களைவந்து மூடத்தக்க ஆவேசத்தை யடக்கிக்கொண்டு எவ்வளவோ வினய மாயும்‌ இனமாயும்‌ எங்கள்‌ விண்ணப்பத்தை எங்கள டைய க்ஷமலாபத்திற்குடன்பட்ட அன்புள்ளசோ. ரர்களிடத்‌இல்‌ அவர்களுடைய.பரிசோதனை நிமிக்க ம்‌ வைகச்ிறோமென்பதல்பஷ்டமாய்‌ வெளியாகும்‌. இனி உபயசச்ஷியையும்‌ பரிசோதிக்கும்‌ பத்திமான்க ௨௨0 வேகஸமாஜ, ள்‌ இீர்்தயோசனையின்மேல்‌ யெங்கள்சொள்கைஹை நிக இக்காலம்‌ அமோஇக்தாலும்‌ அவர்கள்‌ இர்மாக ர. கீதுக்குட்பட நாங்கள்‌. கடமைப்‌ பட்டி ருச்றோம்கி கம்மசகோதரரைக தம்மஅன்பா்‌ அசேதனபதார்ச்தங்க ளாக மதித்து மோசஞ்செய்யுத்‌ தொடங்கயெவாறண்‌. 2 நாங்கள்‌ எற்கள்கசூதிக்குள்ள மூலப்‌ பிரமாணங்க. ளை இத்தச்டி 'கியசஞ்சிகைக்கு இயைக்தவரறு இதில்‌ ௪. ங்ரஹமாயுரைத்த தமனி, எங்கள்சோதரர்களளை வரும்‌ எவககாப்போலவே கடவளிடத்தில்‌ சைநீட்டி புசசியைப்‌ பெற்கிருக்கின்றமையால்‌ அவர்கள்பகவ தாக்கியைகரும்‌ பாப்சகோஷத்துக்கும்‌ அஞ்‌, பஞ்ச தசா௯திசமாக உண்மைக்குடன்பட்டு எங்ககாநடத்‌ தவேண்டியவாறு ஈடக்‌அவார்களென உறுஇயாய்ச ம்பியிருக்கிறோம்‌. முடிவில்‌ எங்கள்பிரார்த்தனையெல்‌ லாங்கூடி இருவகையனவாம்‌. முதலாவது எங்களை எ தஇரிசளாகமஇத்துப்‌ போருக்கிழமுத்த நண்பர்கள்‌ ௨ ண்மையில்‌ அர்க௯தியாடியிருக்கும்‌ பகூக்கில்‌ கடவு ள்‌ அவர்களைக்‌ கடியாமல்கரப்பாற்றி ௮ அவர்களுக்கும்‌ ரான ௮திவவிச்‌அ அவர்கள்‌எல்களை யுண்மையான சோதரரென்று மஇக்கவேண்டுமென்பதம்‌, இரண்‌ டாவது க்கை அல “ருளளாதான பக்ஷத்தில்‌ இச்சன்மார்க்கச்தை நிலை அத்‌ அவதற்குரிய நல்லதி ௮ கன்முயற்கி முதலியவற்றை எங்களிடச்‌அவிருத்‌ இசெய்லும்‌ எங்கள்மீ அவரும்‌ வீணறாக்ஷேபங்களை தகடு தம்‌ ஓடிந்சகை உடலுடன்‌ கூடுவதுபோல தம்ம சீ 2தசத்தாரனைவரும்‌ ஈன்மார்க்கத்‌இல்‌ ஒருமித் தவா மவேண்டுமென்பதுமே யாகையால்‌ எங்கள்‌ சோரிக்‌ கைக்கு இயைந்தவாறு பயனளிக்கும்படி. ஞானாகக தசுவரூபியாகிய ௮த்விதீய பரமபுருஷனைநோக்கு, ந பேக, ீயேசுதி, நீயேசுதியென சைகட்டிக்காக்தி தி ருக்ேோம்‌. முத்திற்று. ர்‌ த்‌ ட லி 144 க ட்டி ர்க இ 1] \| ர ்‌ “௪ டக ர்‌. ॥ ங்‌. மி டர 4 . ஷ்‌ தப த ஸ்‌! தீம்‌. ன்‌ டன வழ்க பவள வி விஷக்‌ படகு. ச்‌ ்‌ ப ட்டி வல 2 யபயடி வப 1௮1913 1) பல 12) க்பொக்க்‌ அகட கட கட்‌ ன. (உடபட மட அமக பப பவர்‌ ஆப ஆபட வலம்‌: ல ்‌்‌ ்‌
Wang Shouguan (; 15 January 1923 – 28 January 2021) was a Chinese astronomer. He was President of the . He was known as one of the founders of modern astrophysics and radio astronomy in China. He was a delegate to the National People's Congress from 1977 to 1994. In 1980, he became a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wang was born in Fuzhou, China. Wang died on 28 January 2021 in Beijing, aged 98. References 1923 births 2021 deaths Chinese politicians Chinese scientists Astronomers

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