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{{Infobox single
|Name = G.U.Y.
|Artist = Lady Gaga
|Album = Artpop
|Released = March 28, 2014
|Length = 3:52
|Genre = EDM
|Writer =
|Producer =
|Label =
|Format = Digital download
|Chronology=Lady Gaga singles|Last single="Do What U Want"(2013)|This single="G.U.Y."(2014)|Next single="Til It Happens to You"(2015)}}"G.U.Y."''' is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It is from her third studio album, Artpop''. It was released on March 28, 2014 (Gaga's 28th birthday). It was the third single from the album, after "Applause" and "Do What U Want". The single charted at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It charted at number 115 on the UK Singles Chart.
References
2014 songs
Dance songs
Lady Gaga songs |
Crane is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas |
Jugazan is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
References
Communes in Gironde |
Sayonara is a 1957 American drama movie directed by Joshua Logan and based on the 1954 novel of the same name by James Michener. It stars Marlon Brando, Patricia Owens, James Garner, Martha Scott, Red Buttons, Miiko Taka, Miyoshi Umeki, Douglass Watson and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 10 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1958.
Other websites
1957 drama movies
1950s war movies
American drama movies
American war movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joshua Logan |
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|
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. He served from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Mao Zedong and was an important leader in the Communist Party.
A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He believed in getting along with Western countries after the Korean War. He participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped make policies regarding the disagreements with the U.S., Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India and Vietnam. Zhou is best known as the long-time top aide to Mao Zedong. His specialty was foreign policy. Mao and Zhou's different personalities made them an effective team, according to Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat who dealt with both men.
1898 births
1976 deaths
Chinese politicians |
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L' AC QUA ALTA
OVVERO
LE NOZZE IN GASA
DELL' AVARO
COMMEDIAVENEZIANA
in verii Iciolti i •■°' ^iro^fe V
VENEZJA
APFRESSO CrlAMMARIA PASSAGIL4
M D C C L X I X.
l iwz Apprpvaziom .
A
SUA ECCELLENZA
I L C H T E D 1
A. B. G. D. E. F. G.
MARCHESS D I
H- I- K- L- M N- O-
B A R N E D I
p. q. R. S. T. U. V. X. Y. z.
)(3 X
ECCELLENTISSIMO SlGNORE
Nko vampollo di una Fa-
m'tgha di nobilta piu re-
mot a del Caos 3 gl' in-
dtviditi fuecejjinji della
checche ne dicano le Movie an-
ticbe e te modeme , fuvono tutti Pa-
ladmi , Eroi 3 Semidei : coftretto fm
da piu ienevi anni a get tar £ ocebio
fovra le immenfe Pofjeffioni , the per
diritto di fangue ( diritto di gran lun-
ga fuperiove o almeno piu fortunato d?
dmtti di natura del rimamnte degli
)U)( .
Lfeww ) tf<ue-utf«o un di a percent?-
Vi: coYteggtato fempre , com i^i do-
w rc e di mod** , da una folia di <O0-
hntuomini , vdgarmcritc Paraffin ,
Mowi, <? R«flkw dsnommati: af-
firm in un vortice di piacm mm me-
tahfici , come ?7 Gwoeo , it Bo«W/o ,
c /a CVtfp/a , ck mm f 7 ! k/cwww
«» monwnfo di o^ i cbi ofira farViy
Eccclicmiffimo Sigmre , km iWtfto di
non awn imparato l" ufo e il whore
delle Uttere component i /' italiano Al~^
fakto , tfe JW «tt» d* Mara^o e
una parola dmmta dal Greco 7 lm-
Piiagyo antico , rancido , ngg»4& , *
*er& ~indegno di occuparc un moment
le wfm acak c WW riflejfiom
moderns P .
& dltMfie eos J&^» flggn* 5 cd
h fani 1 pu tsmerario degli Uomt-
m, e V'indurrci forfia rompcrc la Vo-
n v t5t
Jtra canna at auovio col pomo temps*
Jlato di bnllanti fovra k ink f palls
nmlgari , fe pretends (Ji che Voi , Ec-
celhitiffimo Signer? 5 adulto , grafts ,
€ £ ¥0 J]° > &i° me '*'w j GW& f^te | $m~
fie a ritornare fanciullo j e comphare
con il Saltcro alia mano onde gitm-
gere un giorno a leggere quefla catti-
<va Commedia , cui prendomi f ar di-
ve di dedicarVi . Guardimi il Cieh
da tale imperdonahils petulanza 1 Io
iton afpiro che alia Vojlra protezione ,
che come ho udito dire , ha kmphe h
hraccia e le mani : e Voi non farefe
quel grande e pojjents Signor che pur
fete , fe per concedermela fojfeVi duo-
po di japer leggere . Indipcndentemen-
te da quefo pregio njolgave fomf i
Grandi crsdttti mat fempre in diritto
di pvoteggere o di perfeguitave gli Au«
tori : ed in fatti , che ha mat di co*
mum , /w f *"* ^ D '° > ' flwrtf fl
&/ rwafe o dp/ *'»' i co//o #"W?
W f Mtorc , o cri dtchiararfene tl
Mecenate ? hppuve v i f'4 a t**C
\a Losica al Mondo.
Vedi '1 giudizio uman co-
me fpefTo. erra S
Tieno dimqw di riffgm per la Vo~
ftra generofa tgnoran^a , to mi con-
tenterb & configure una doz&na di
ejemphn di qmjta Commedta , At cm
credo fupcvfluo pavlarVi , rikgati con
tutta 'qudla decenza cm permettono Ic
rmferabili mic cvtcofianze , al Sfgnov
Micro , Vojlro agtUfjtmo SgitfftKN
C il quale poW dice di japer leg-
U, pctm legged, ahnmo per con-
ciliayVi U form , fxfia m& umtlijjij
m Ddicatow ) p^hi li ponga di
m ia pane a Voj\n Icggiadn , i neU
t a rr X 7 )(
w Jtejjo tempo gravijjimi pisdi , co
quali e Vallate il Mmuctto con una
masjlvta fsnza pari, ed onorate di cal-
ci con una impareggiabile robnfhzTa
dt umanita tutti coloro cbe hanno f ar-
dirs dt chiedevVi £ elemofma con qual-
che mfruttuofa inftftenza . Senza ri-
flettere al pericolo di fpsz^zars una del-
ls prezjofe fibbis di Topa^j del Bra-
fib chs Ft brillano jugli attillati fcar-
pini, Voi gstterets forfe , Eccelkntij-
fimo Signors , ( h n ho il fecreto p;r-
fsntimento ) la mia umiliffima offer-
ta con.un dc Fojlri foliti difpettofi
colpi di piede {otto il Foftro fofa di
rafo color di rofa rabefcato a fiori
cf oro e di argsnto , chs il Cielo guar*
di da macchis . Ma quejlo chs a qual-
chs mdanconico fcioccherello potrebbs ,
per myixntura , fembrare tin atto fo-
vsrcbiamente <villano , folo chs cones-
■A 4 iit.'tm
)( S)( .-
dendomi il titolo , cfc/ow, A ^j™
Poete*, pevmettiate che io vada talo-
ra wlla Vofim cucrna a sfamarmi ,
[am da me 'rifguardato , Pel giuro ,
come un fcgno di generofa dimejliche^
?a ^ e dt umamffima affabihta .
Sedotto dalla forfe vana fperan^a
di hufcare un regalo ' farei wnuto a
prefentarVi la Dedica , e la Comme-
dia io medefnm ■; ma ficcome io m ho
un nxfiko da <vero Letterato moderno,
cm ncuato a fiu f&$ di vavio co-
love come una [pezte £ hide , o dt At-
kcchino : e fi tbs Voi , Eccdkntiffi-
mo Signore j non Vi affacciate alia fi-
ne fir a per non brnttavVi F occbio col
vile e melanconico af petto' degh Ae-
catmozgj cenciofi , che hanm la bar-
ha limga, fmlcbe infetto antvopofago,
e , quel # i peggio , f intolhrdik
audacia di efjer Uomini come Vol
mi
mi pvefc fimore che prefmtandomi al-
io $<vi%gero per farmiVi ayrnunziare ,
non mi avefjero i Vojlri gallonati Lac-
che dijeacciato a juria di calci del
Vofi.ro augufia Palazzo . di njcrde an-
tico , chc tl Cwlo njparmj dai julmi-
ni 9 e dal trcmuoto .
Ma in quanta alia fperanza di
bufcare un regalo , w non ho avuto
ammo di abbandonarla del tut to , ed
ho pvegato il Signor Macro a fof-
fiare julla fopita urnamta del Vofiro
gran cuove , e ncordarle che io fono
nel numero di color o che fi dicono Let-
levari 7 cioe , che to m ho una furio~
fijfima fame : che la mia Dedica pub
fi non in gloyia e in onore , render e
ali/ieno in obbrobrio e in ridtcolo il no*
me Vofiro immortals , giacchs anche
h Opere ptu immeritevoli , trails qua-
il 10 metto quefla } febbem a Vol de-
die**
dicata , Commedia , poffono ejjer pat*
te dal cafo fno alia piu lontana To-
ficrita : e che to per ultimo ho la de-
bole^za di atundeme a in buona pro-
tenons o in dcnari , ma ricompenfa
degna di Voi .
Pojja Egli farlo, fe non fene di-
mcntica, con qualche profitto , cios ,
poffa cgli render Voi per un momcn~
to dijjimile da Voi medefimo : e ba-
ciandoVi con it piu Candida e terfo
de mm penfim , poichi non ne jare-
flc degne U mie libra ? la W$s di
camera trapuntata tf oro majficcio , e
foderata di Tigii nonnate , pafjo col
piu profondo offequio a fofcrivermi
Di Voi , Eccellentiffimo Signore
Umilifs. Devotifs. Ofs. Semitore
Scnza Livrea
L' Editore ..
IRE"
X n )(
PREFAZIONE.
Piena zeppa d' J/i or telle e di fole vkote
dffatto di buon fcnfo , di grazi* ,
e di J ale -
L' Ultima fera del Carnovale proffimo
paflato , verfo le otto dclla notte , to
mene rhomava dal Ridotro in com-
pagnia del pentimento di avervi per-
duti al Faraone alcuni pochi ducari , cui un'
Afbologo avevami predeifo che avrei cambiati
in parecchie centinaja di zecchini . Ecco per
me , diceva Jo tra me fteffa un" affai buona
ragione di credere per V avvenire un po me*
no ncll* Aftrologia , a cui per altro conofco
de' grand' Uomini che pretfano una fecreta
ma non meno ofttnata credenza .
Cammirtando iovra penfiero alia volta del-
la mia abitazione , abbatteimi co' piedi in
qualche cofa di mole lufficiente a gittarmi
fuor di equilibrio, e a farmi dare del moftac-
cio a terra con una incredibtle farilita . Riz-
zatomi , cercai tentoni donde fofle venuto 1'
inciampo , e mi avvenni con le mani in un
grotto pacchetto coperto di carta , legato e
itretto alio intorno di modo , che diedimi
fubito a cominciare ua novo trattato di pace
con l' Aftrologia , e abbandonaimi alia nuo-
va ma non men della prima falUce, fperan-
za di avere trovaro di che arncchirmi , e vi-
vere nell' opulenza i miei giorni .= •
Siccome io fouo uno de pm bravi Arcni-
tetti di Cauell'in aria ch'efiftano, proleguen-
do il mio cammino , e portando meco 1 m-
volw, andava meco medefimo della mia buo-
na forte congramlandomi. Tre o quattro cerj-
to caratti di brillanti , tra quah uno color d
rofa di novama grani alio infirca per rarmi
fubito, (ubito lui'anello : t.e,o quattro npe-
tizioni d' oro tempeftate di pictte preziofc : .
due o tre tabacchiere dello ileffo metallo
colie fteOe decorazioni : ecco , diceva 10 tra
me ftetfo , ben piu che non mi ha prcdetto
1'Aftrologo, ecco di che comperarmi unlnn-
cipato , di che fentirmi a dire alio mtorno ,
fervkore umiliflimo e divotiffimo di Voitr-Ai-
tezza . Fuori di Venezia domani : di volo a
Parioi : carrozza dorata e dipinta a hgunne
Chinefi con la piu bella vernice di Martm :
due, quattro , fei mute di cavalh : un Palaz-
zo addobbato con tutto il luffo e con tutta
Veleganza della moda : Cuoco , Camerien j
Stafheri, Svizzero , Lacche , Abate Buffone ,
e Poeta : magnifka e commoda Loggia al
Teatro, abitl sfarzofl , grands foupes , petit* jou-
pes , promenades , mitreffes I E ehi e egj
mat codefto ricco sfondato Stramero ? ^b tor-
fe il Marchefe di L. ? il Duca di
M ? Oibo . v 1 ingannate . Eg" * ;» ll
Prm-
X *3 )(
Principe Ereditario di B Figlio di una
Sorella del Re di P. Q. R. S. T. U.
Gionfi a cafa pieno la fancalla di quefte
brillanti novelle , ed entrando riella mia Ca-
mera io dubitava tnttavfa ie avrei potuto
ienza compromettere il mio decora cedere il
poito all' Inviato delle Loro Ahe Potenze ,
Prefo intanto un candeliere mi chiudo nella
mia ftanza , e prima di levarmi la malthera
con una jncredibile agitazione di fpirito mi
metro ad efamitfare il mio preziofo iardtllo .
Ma che ? Slegato ed aperto con tutra dili-
genza 1' involto , trovo un grotto e pefante
Icarratacdo , unto , bilunto , c tutto pieno di
Igorbj y in fronte a cui a carattcri majufcoli
ftava icritto .
L' A C §i U A A L T A
COM MEDIA VENEZ1ANA
IN V E R S 1 S C I h T J
i 7 6 7.
E' piu facile trovare la quadrat lira del Circolo
o il Lapis Pbilofopborum di cjuello che immagi-
narfi tutta la mia difpettofa forprefa , tutta la
mia mortificazione . II dire che cafcai dal fet-
timo Cielo nell' abiffo e una efpreffione delle
piu deboli di tutto il Frafario Poetico per di-
notare it menomo Cegno del mio ftupido sba-
lor-
)' I 4 % a. if
* ,. .« nicnrrato appena in me fteflo 4
iordMWnto . ■**££" ™ mand ar= al Diavo-
?, ' ,iffi a cui per altro ch.eggo um.l-
Alia, e iirw'," '" f • I20 mlpoTO.
ventare una Tigre • * '«> dj BoilMM ,
SSS "«SE nrrno'umuhoe ., £
giuiuc * V: F ^ m ca piccolo sbalzo
narrm lo f pin to . r. non c »«*» r _. ,
per un povero Galantuomo quelle, d ellere
Ghetto P ad abbandonare le i«e »>f ^
Li prffti- M* • i ^ br,Ua !"' Liu P ii
Abate per iftringerfi al fertd una dclle piu
miCerabili e de& Creature , che fienG mai
CSLS 1. belia forte che ««.««-»
di ritrovarla do P o aver cor o ,1 P£«™ d
fiacearmi per fea cagione 1 offodcl coHo^
EgH mi fece rifpondere , che perfuafo che 10
fa^lti a auanti till e buona la carta , me ne
f fa un'preZte. Qpeft. rifpofta che io ho
mitigata per il rif^tto dovuto al J^J.co ,
mi parve , forfc pit eW per fe non <" P IC
cante- ed io e per una fvxzie di vendetta , C
pShe meaerei^to il Torchio tutte le car-
tc (crate che mi vengono alle man. , nott
eccettuate quelle che fcrivo io med.f.mo, u
folfi ftamparl. ed atfftere all' Edizione m
perfona. 0ra
)( i 5 )C
Ora ficcom' egli e coftume delta maggior
parte degli Editori di proreggere dalla Criti-
ca per quanto fan no , le Opere che prefenta-
iio al Pubblico , io (o che dovrei almeno
procurare con ogni pofiibile sforzo di mode-
rare la cattiva impreflione che ha lafciata di
fe quefta ve ram e rite cattiva Com media . Ma
poiche appunto tale la trovo io non m' ho
re ii coraggio, ne iJ talento , che pure fono
alia moda , di dire o di fcrivere diverfamen-
te da quel che ne lento . Avrei per altro vo-
luto poter fare dell 1 Acqw Alta una fpezie di
Capo d' Opera ful gufto di quello del celebre
Matanajfo ; ma oltrecche io manco affatto di
erudizione per arricchirla di lunglii e gravi
comment! , la faccenda farebbe per avventura
riefcita difpendiofa e lunghetta di troppo : e
fe una breve Canzone ha fat to nafcere un
libro in ottavo , quefta Com media, che non
e breve , fe non per chi ha il dono felice di
feppellire nel fonno la noja , farebbefi per
lo meno in tre grofli volumi in foglio cam-
biata .
Ma fentiamo , poiche la buona fede lo
vuole , cio che ha faputo dime a chi ne lo
richiefe in difefa di quefta Commedia 1' Au-
tore medefimo.
I. Cb' egli I' ba compofta in mem di qwndici
giorni .
Ma fe io chiedefli con tutto il rifpetto all*
Autore , chi vi ha obbligato a impiegar cost
male i voftri quindici giorni j il Valentuomo
che
che potrebbc ma. rifpondermi di ragfonera-
le r °
II. Cbe fedotto dair Amor propria , alle cui
jeduztom mente cbimqne vmtafi di non ccdtre
tmpaziente di e/fere applaudtto o non ebbe tempo
o non curoffi dt leggerla prima di efparla f \
tutta Julia folia dt Gente cbe ft crede in dmtto
di gwdtcarne : e cbe quefia areoflanza p^ avere
qmlcbe influenza full' efito di qualmwc campofi-
Maoltrecchequeftaanziche una difefa parmi
ua accufa volontaria , fe ia mi comeotaffi di
dire all Autore, Amico, il voftro Amor pro-
pno e uno de' piu impertinent! Amori propH
cne 10 mi abbia mai conofciuti : e dopo l'
«a?& " e bUrIa Ch ' EgIi Vi ha *"*,'non
rment%rr ;P ° trebb ' EsIid01 ^^-
III. Cbe m' A/tore a cui non andava a fan.
gue la parte defrnataglt » una delle prove \
ladma Commedta farebbe andata a terra ■ pL
til t CMS ade ^ l r msnt ° €0lMi ?« wventurldtt
7eJo ZdT MMe - sforzo ' ^^ * mo-
menta medefimo, m cm fi alzava. il fi par io co
rmncto a farfi fentir nd Parterre J ' fommlffo
kshgka eun caia cala , a>i m f' Znl
imvoco dt faztone . 6
Ma perche non cominciare due mefi prima
U voftra Commedia, fe pur ame uk J Q U ™
mica e lumi fumc.emi ( di che con poftra
buona gra,ia 10 dnbito molto ) render! a p£
in-
J
intereflante adorna piu dt ipirito e di novira ,
6 procurarvi quindi un pa into a mm a to dai
jiiacere e dall" ammirazione che rendono inu-
tili gli slorzi di qualunque At tore , a cut non
va a fatigue la parte , e puo a c beta re ii hi-
sbiglio ? Perche impiegar cusi male i voftri-
quindici giorni ? lo m'immagino che farete a
quefVora convinto, ch'e meglio non far nul-
la che far male .
IV", Cb' e pm facile dire che un& tale Com.
media e caltiva di quello che fare una cattiv.%
Commedia ..
In verita qu-efte non fono difefe . Pure :
rhi non fa fare un cattivo Sonetto perd' egli
per quefto il dintt-odi chiamar fciocchi- c cat-,
n'vi iSonetti del Cavalier A B del
Coots C D dell' Abate F.
G..... che fono pure rieOnofcmti per tali da
qitanti avend' occhj c ienfo comime hanno
miche avuta 1'eroica pazieoza di Jeggerli?
V. C/je ancke ai Goldoni e quale be volt a arri-
vato lo fitffb , e forfe- di p0ggi& .
Fate voj_ pure cento e piu Commedic delie
quail verui fieno quafi interamenre buone ,
cinquama tollerabili , e t rent a cfittivc , che
noi fa pre mo condomiarvi quelle in grazia di
quelle -. Ma che ? Se daremo retta air Auto*
re , chi fa ch ] egli non abbia pure la debo-
lezza^ di pretend ere che la fua Com media
non e poi tanto earriva quanto la fi vuol far
credere: che i. caratteri ( e che novita di ca-
ratteri ! ) foa foftenati da! priricipio fino alia
■S fine :
' '
tine : che n Dialogo e namrale : che i verfi
fono lehci: che Ma Egii pub avvanzare
molte altre venfa o un'ugual numero di men-
zogne di fimi , Q d . m ^ glore jm anza
^ , cne dalla voce pubblica f dichiarata
per una delle pm federate Commedie die
iieno maiftate Urine e rapprefentare, dacche
si e introdotto I' ufo di fcrivere e di tavore-
ientare delle fcellerare Commedie. (*)
Ma veniamo a! fatto Iftorico . Quefla
Commedia fa rapprefentara nel Tearm di
i. iJiei I ar.no 1767. verfo la fine 6ci Car-
novale e fu accompagnara dai sbavieli e
dal rufTare di tutte le onefte perfone di tem-
Pwjnjento Frigida e iodigetmti , dalle fifebia-
te del Popolo che come fcriiTe una foeaie di
fpinio forte ( c be fern' avredcrfene ha mot
U debolezza di (pirito ) ,ndo al Teatro trl
den&eft di avtr a nkstan e non nmth pnebe /'
acqm nm era nc aita ne baffa , < ** ) e da^Ii
orh dt chi, tuttocche di naicita non vol«cre
non rfdegna di uo irfi C0 I volgo P er oppnme'
re im Aurore novello che ha la puerile debu-
lez-
( ) fisw&gzmi di un-V-mo dott . Vedi fcia-
laquo d. aarle ! Non baftava dire che quefta Com-
media t fcnza pr^fi , f mza epite fi , e ,-«.„„ ^
C ** ) V. La mia Iftoria p. VIII. delia Lsttera
L'edicaroria,
X tp )(
lezza di lufingarfi di aver ad effete incoraggi-
to. Suo danno!
Dopo tutto quefto 10 Settle fuffurrarmi
all' orecchio dalla voce concoide del Ptibblico
quefta forte objezione ; perche ftampare una
cosi cattiva Commedia ? Ma fe non bafta per
isbarazzarmene 1' aver' io confeffata qui ib~
pra quelia , per ccsi dire , rabbiofa torchia-
mania che mi agita , aggiungero quel cbe fe-
gue.
Se 1' ufo delfa flam pa non fofle che tini-
camente deftinato alia publicazione delleOpe-
re degne di andare alia piti Jontana Pofterita ,
riconofciute per tali dalla inappellabiie fenten-
za di un Tribunale compofto di Uomini im-
parziali pieni di fino critcrio e di ottimo gu-
flo , deputati a tale oggetto da tutte le piu
colte Nazioni del Mondo ; la prima cofa ch§
io mi farei creduto in dovere di fare, allorcbe
mi gionfe il manofcritto di quefta Commedia
alle mani , farebbe ftata ( f e Jo foffra in pace
I' Amor proprio dell' Autore ) di gettarla'ful
fuoco 3 o fame un prefente al Pefcivendolo o
al Salficciajo . Ma , giacche vuole il coftume
che il Torchio non dipenda dalla fovrana au-
torita del fuddetto corpo ipotetico , che fe
veniiTe creato con un fommario potere , da-
rebbe probabilmente il guafto a due terzi , e
tre quarti di tutte le Bblioteche del Mon-
do , e lafcierebbe morire di fame la mag-
giur^parte degli Uomini di lettere miei pari
e de'Libraj: e poiche fi ftampano tuttoggior-
B z ao
)( 20 ){
no e le Poefie del Conte B e i Tratta-
tclli del Sig. F c il Quarefimale del
Padre G . . . . e la Filoiofia per tutti cbe non
ha mai fervito ad alcuno e le DifTertazioni del
Doctor Y.... e le Traduzioni del Sig. X...
e I' Indovino Inglefe che non ha mai indovina-
10 , c i Miei Pen/ten fcriiti fenza penfare , e
La Mia J(ioria y che non e ne la mia ne quel-
la degli altri , arricchita di note e contronote
gelato-it$piie come le ha valorotarnente defini-
te una delle piu, fuglide Amove Boreali del
Lenerario Orizzonte : e poicbe finalmente
non si veggono efcire alia luce che mills
Smodati falti di ebra Fantafia ;
pevebe non potro io pure, toffc ancheperme-
rocapriccio , imbrattare d' inchioftvo una rif-
raa di carta ch'e mia, e ilarnpare una caitiva
Gommedia che , Dio mcrce , non e mia ?
Se l'Autore s 1 ha a male della buvia , Egli
non ha che a fame un' ahra al Pubblico ed
a me fteffo
Qnanto inactefa piu tanto pin bella;
quella cioe di comporre una buona e bella
Gommedia , e fame una magnifica edizione a (
iuefpefe, che ne ilPubblico ned io fe ne ave-
remo punto a male , ma la compreremo fubi-
to , la leggevemo con piacere , e gli dirtfmo ,
bravKSmo! Vehl Chi 1'avrebbe creduto ?
Io mi hifingo per ahro che avra Egli me-
defimo a fapermi un giorno buon grado del-
la liberta die mi ho prela di pubblicare V Ac~
qua Mta fenza fua partecipazionc . L J efito
fini*
X « )(
finiftro ch ! ehbe 1' unica rapprefenfazione di
cjucfta Commedia, decifa dal guffo univerfale
per una delle piu nojofe feccature del lecolo
XVIII. noa lafciavagli certameiue fperare che
aveffevi niai ad eiTere alcuno , finoache non
veniva pubblicara , che ofaffe fame una inte-
ra o parziale difefa ne una critica ragionevo-
le e fondata , Temendo Egli , e non atono ,
molto piu di qu£tta che lufingandofi di quel-
la , non avrebbe cert a men re ofato mai di
ftampatla , e farebbe quindi reftato il di Jut
nome in una sterna oblivione fepolto per
irarlo da cui ba fudato indarno il Vale&tuo-
mo per quirtdici giorni . Ma prefentandola al
pubbiieo , come io to , che non ha egli a
fperare ? Poffibile che tra tanti fpiriti di con-
iraddizione che ftudiano fmgolarizzarfi a fpe-
le del la verka che pur fentono , non vene
abbia ad effere alcuno che trovi tollerabile e
forfe buona almeno una leena di que ft a
Commedia ? O -che fra tanti fabbricarori di
Giornali , che i'enza i! conienfc del Tribuna-
te fovra immaginato ft ftainpano , non abbia-
vene ad effere alcuno che dica un po di be-
ne per qualche riguardo all' Autore , o come
par piu probabitej tutto il male poffibile fenz'
averla ne veduta a rap pre fen tare s ne letta ?
E neir un cafo e nell' altro che non guada-
gna T Autore ? Tanto una fevera Critics
quamo im bell' elogio puo far parlare molto
di un' Opera.. Che fe poi non fene parlera
ne, in bene ne in male , come puo non men
B 5 facil-
)( 21 )(
farilmente fuccedere , Egli non avra almeno
perduto nulla , e continuera a pohrire per-
fempre nell' oblio tenebrolo in cui da quella
fera fatale fino al prefente ha viffuto, o fino a
che con qualche produzione novella del ion-
nacchiofo I'no fpirito non metta un' altra vol-
ta it proprio nome in bocca de'fuoi Patriot! ,
cbe fono giufti , umani , induglienti, e oiente
i^noranti , e nientiilimo morraoratori : e non
iarebbe mal fatto ch' egli aveffe la bonta di
dcterminarvifi , tanto piii che ormai non ft
fa proprio di che difcorrere per i Cafie . Se j
il Signor A B C . . . . . Che paffava
per il piu ricco ed illibato Galantuomo dell'
Europa non aveffe uhimamenre avuta V at-
tenzione di monre fallito , o fe la Signora
D E F Che paffava per la
piu cafla Verginella della Citra , non aveffe
per fuggir 1'ozio, partorito un bel figliuolino
che affotniglia tutto al Signor H I
fue cugino ; not farefllrno morti di noja : il |
che non piaccia al Signore*
A V-
X *3 X
AVVERTIMENTO
Dello Stampatore*
GLI Starnpatori fono , Diomerce , co-
me it rimanente degli Uomini cioe
adire , che non fi tan no fcrupolo di
coicienza di mettere alcnna volta la
propria pezzuoh nelle faccende altrui , nelle
quali tanto per avventura hanao a fare quan-
ro il Duomo di Mi la no coll' affedio di Tro-
ia. Senza confuhare ne I'Autore ne 1' Edito-
re di quelta i'ubJime Commedia che sbuca
t'uor da' miei Jofchj , ma non fecondando
che V umore del bizzarre mio cervellaccio, a
cui ho pure 1* obbligo della elezione del mio
meiliere fra tanti altri che aviei forfe eferci-
sati uo po meglio , mi ho tarto a credere che
foffe cofa di foverchio pazza ed inutile di
raddoppiare le Latere dell' Alfabero nelle
parole di un dialetro nelle qualj non fi pra-
nunziano doppie. Un. Veneziano che per aver
pafljeggiato un pa jo <i' ore hmg' Arno non fi
creda in dovere di affettare Iaccenro tofcano
non pronunzia ^tullo , affatio , iroppo , facco ,
ricca , anno , fiamma , corn ec. ma quelo ,
gfato, faco ,-fiama, core s ana ec. fenza punto
menerfi in pena dello fconcio equivoco di
B 4 quefi'
qiu'ft' ultima non che di quajunque altra pa-
rola : e tra tutte le confonanti non c'e , fe
non isbaglio , che la f. e la z. a cui piaccia-
gli concedere il prkilegio di fortirgli di
boeca appajata con una fua pari.
Ho procurato pero per quanto mi fu pof-
fibile, di far si che alia pronunzia corrifpon-
da l'Onografia . Io non iftaro a negare che
il maggiore rifparmio pofftbile. de' miei ear ut-
ter t, trattandofi di una cosi difcreditata Com-
media , non abbia avttta qualche parte nel
mio progetto : e diro anzi che avrei volnto |
poterla abbreviare di piu , per minotarmi la
noja della compofizione . Ma io non ho ofato
inoltrare il mio tentativo fino nelle p2roIc
che hanno la definenza in acchio , ecchto , oc-
cbio , acchio , e plurali , ne in quelle che ne
derrivano . Sedotto dal penfiero che un Fi-
rentino , fervendofi del proprio accento , fa-
rebbefi auvicinato di molro alia vera pronun-
zia veneziana del) a parol a p. e. Ocebj , avrei
yotuto far occj ; ma io non aveva dall' a! tra
partr a lafciarmi efcire di raeate , che un
Veneziano avrebbe letto ozzj : ed anziche
creder di Ieggere
Occbj piangete, accompagnate il core ec.
di Meffer Francefco Pet r area , avrebbe forfa
il buon' Uomo penfato di efiVrc al Deus nohis
ktc Oii a fecit di Virgil to : sbaglio che avreb-
be bruttamente attaccata la ripuiazione del
fen-
fenfo cpmiwe del mio compatriots : e guar-
ding il Cielo dall" avermi a fentire on gior-
no tacciato di fi gran col pa . Io fo ehe il de-
coro e la maggior gloria della fua Patria
hanno a ftar a cuore ad ogni buon Cittadi-
110 . E faccio la mia umiliflima riverenza a
chiunque ha avuta la tolleranza di lafciarfi
annojare dalle mie ciaucie .
PER-
X 26 )(
PERSONAGGI.
Si ob. Nadal , Vecchio Avaro 3 Padre di
Anzoleta , deftinata Spofa a
Zaneto i Giovine geloib , figlio di
Sior. Matio , Vecchio beneftante e di buoa*
umore
StORA Ldgrezta , Cognata de Sior Nadal,
Donna puntigliofa ed altera, Zia di
Tonin , Giovine fciocco , Collegiale .
Il Conte Asdb-ubale , Uomo pacifico e
freddo , Cavaliere Seryeme della Siora Lu»
grezia .
Locieta, Cameriera della Siora Lugrezia .
Giulio, Servitore de Sior Nadal.
Pasgjja , Maflera de Sior Nadal,
Ui Strvitore del Cante..
Servitori della Locanda .
Q^attco Ciechi Suonatori di Yiolino.
La Scena h in Venezia,
ATTQ
X 27 X
ATTO P R I MO,
SGENA PRIMA.
Portego con pergolo in cafa de Sior Nadal .
Sior Nadal in fareta da notte , codegugna , mute
toegmndo avanti a tafion.
Nad. (~* Nancora fe ghe vede ! Xe (onae
vJ Che fara un quarto d'ora le quatordefe !
Mo che note ! No le finilTe mai !
Benedcio i' Ifta ! Prcfto U di !
Apena ie xe in leto , el Galo canta
E fora el Sol : e no ghe xe b:logno
De confumar tant'ogio, e taoto fceo.
L'lnvemo no me poffo manregnir!
I Servitori magna che i devora :
I me brufa la ca(a , e tutto el zorno
Luftriffimo , cofs' e ? No t^he pin faffi .
Sior Parcn , cois' e fta ? Cofla ve cafca ?
No ghe candele, no ghe pin farina
carkanda .
' No ghe j no ghe , no ghe , no ghe pin gnente .
In tun momenta me fpariftc tuto
E bifogna comprar tuto da capo.
Ghe vorave la borfa del Gran Turco
E no d'un poveromo come mil
Oh! fe no" fparagnaffe ! coffa import! !
Sparagno per i altfi I I me torave
Fin
)( is )(
Fin H camifa che go adofTb . Bafta i
Spero che prefto la fara fenia ,
E fc avero do foldi , j fara mill
Avaro ! laffa pur che i diga avaro
Ma no i me podera mai dk mincMon.
A buon conto mi a fia drento de ancuo
S' a da fpofar co' Sior Zanero,, ei mejo
Xe ch' el la rol fenza ua bezzo de dote .
Ma fto aver da far mi tute le fpefe
Dele Nozze : fto aver da invidar tanta
Zente che dopo che i ha magna le cofte
Drio le fpale i ve burla; l'e una cofla .....
fofpirando .
Bafta l'a da fimr ! Ma da mia pofta
Mi parlo come i mati ! Oe Giulio ! Pafqua I
cbiamando forte .
Fig ure ve ! Quel Fiorentin del diavolo
Avezzo a magnar poco al fo Paefe ,
E che qua trova el lace de galina;
El dormirave quatro di de feguito ,
Pafqua con Ju xe za de lega , e fe
Li laffa far, un zorno o 1'alcro, certo
I me cazza fu 'n ponte. Oe, Giulio, digpj
come fopra*
Giu. Illuftriffimo m' alzo in un momenio.
di denlro.
Nad. Ancora in leto, Sior?
Gin. Non fi ci vede . come fopra ,
Nad. Come, fe xe deboto mezzodi?
G;«, E 1 dunque ora di pranzo ? Vengo , vengo .
come fopra .
Nad. Vk al diavolo, Magnon. Apen'averti
I oc-
X 29 )C
I occhj , i voria fubito magnar !
E cuisi, Sior } fe dettrigbemio? adirato,
G'm Vengo . come Jopra .
Nad. Mo i gran baron i ! S em pre i magna rave .
Tanti nemici quanti Servnori .
Sti Fioretitini po , i ga gargati
Gargatazzi teribiii , ehe uu caro
I mandarave zo con quairo bo.
Balta dir Forailien ! Za V ho dito ,
No ghe nc vogio : e it non iutfe . . . bafta :
No gbe dago falario ! Ma ftaffera
C'6 confegna Aii2oleta a so Mario
Xe tenia la cucagna . Figuraric 1
S G E N A
I I.
Gif.Ho fortendo da una porta ialefale
€ detto ,
Gin- C f\H f e non f°^ e * a Fib'ppa , e quefta
V_/ Scala die a Lei mi guida di fbppiatio ,
Sarei ben pazzo da fune , s' io fieflS
A intifichire con quefto avaraecio! ) daft.
llluftrifiimo , fono a fuoi comaniii .
'Nad. Ve par j Sior pezzo de . . ■
Gin. Eccomi leilo . interrompsndolo .
Vuolella il eioccolatre , od il caffe?
Nad, Ve par mo , Sior , ve torno a dir , ve par...
Gift. E ; inutile chc a me paja o non paja.
Quand' Ella credc averne di bifogng
Io
X 3° X
10 volo ad ubbidhla . II mio dovere
Lo fo , Signor ; Io non ho a farle il medico •
Nad. Maledeto coftii ! el me fa una rabbia !
da fe .
No vogio chiocolata ne caffe .
Voleva dirve , fe ve par che quefta
La vada ben , de veder el Paron
Levarfe un'ora avanti el Servitor?
Gin. Parmi che no . Piuttofto io crederei
Che dovrebbe il Padrone a iuo bell* agio
Alzarfi anche quattr' ore dopo il Servo.
In quanto a me , s' io foffi , per eferopio >
11 Padrone, vorrei poltrire a letto
Tutta la notte e mezza la giornata,
E s' alzi pur chi vuol di buon mattino »
Nad. Ma i S^rvitori I a fieri I fi , fior
Che i fiaffe in letto fina che ghe par
E che quando fe su > troveffi ancora
tutto quando da far ?
Giu. Oh in quefto conto
Dciicato io farei : ci porrei ordine »
Nad. Che vol mo dir !
dm. Al Servo che mancaffe
A'fuoi doveri, fenz'altro fracaflb
Piglia, direi ; quefti fon due zecchinij
Vanne di caia mia .
Nad. Bafla cufsi .
C Maledetto ! 1' ho dito . Foreftieri ! ) da fe ,
Oh fenti , regni qua, Giulio.
Gin. Illuitriilimo .
Nad. Saveu che s'ha da far ancuo le nozze
De Anzoleta mia fia?
Gin,
X 3i X
Gin. ( Povera figlia I
Senza un foldo di dote!) Si a Signore
Lo fo pur troppo .
Nad. Perehe mo pur tropo!
Gin. Per mohe caufe . Prima perehe forte
Di cafa una figliuola , ch'e il modello
D' ogni vertu , 1' onore del fuo fefTo .
Nad. Me fon v^ndu in galia per educarla.
Gin. Eh gia fi fa. Mi duole poi che avendo
Ad accafarfi , porra feco , come
Vuole 1' onor della di Lei famiglia ,
XJa affai ricca dote , che al Pad tone
Vuora fenza pietade e fcrigno e bnrfa.
Nad. (Oh xe ben che coftu no fapia gnente
Che no ghe dago dota ; figurarfe !
El me mete l carteli diio le fpale!) daft.
Gin. Per ultimo , Illuftrilfimo , mi duole
Che pet il pranzo d'oggi che fara
Lauto e pompofo.... (Avaro maladetto I
Un prodigio fara fe fpendi un paolo!)
da fe .
Nad. Sior ? e cufli ?
Gin. Non potro aver' io folo
Onde far apparire de] Padrone
L'otrimo gufto e la magnificenza ,
La necefifaria abilita .
Nad. (No par
Ch'cl me burla, cuflu ? No fo deboto
Come far a ordenarghd) . Send , Giulio . dafe ,
Queio che mi o da far, no l'e za minga
Un difnaron cole formalita,
Che a quelo come femo convegnui
Ga
X 3* )C
Ga da penfar el Pare del Novizzo :
Ma un difnareto caffi , come al folito,
E in confidenza tra de nu. Capiu?
Gin- Si ? ci ho gufto davvero ! (Eli F ho predetto!)
Perde il pelo la volpe , il visio mail)
da fe.
Nad. Vecchio?
Gin. Non parlo.
AW; Me pareva. Donca
No ghe bifogno , come che vede
De falvadego , o d' altre porcherie ,
Che rovina la borfa e la fa hue .
Gitt. Iti veriea , clV ella a dover 1' intende .
Poco e poliro, come i Firentini
Nad. Fare donca cuffi . Cola fporta
Ande fina ful Ponte de Rialto
Dove a un foldo de manco o do alia Iir*J
Ghe xe Colori che vcnde la carne
E fevene pelar fa i poftri occhj,
E varde ben de no farve burlar
Un bel ration de do lirete in circa.
Gin. Aundi preffo potrebb' Ella fagere
Quanti faranno i Comraenfali ?•
Nad. Spefo
Che no gabia a effer altri che Lugrezia
Mia Cugnada, el Novizzo co'fo Pare,
Un 1 altro al piu ton Anzoleta e mi.
Gin. E per quattro perfone che avran'jeri
Pranzato bene e fatta buona cena ,
Un pezzo di due lire ; come mai ?
Come vuol' Ella che -la mangin tutta ?
Avracno alrnea per una lettimana
Un 1
Un artanno di ftomaco infernale,
E ad una voce I convita-ti poi
Maladette diranno quell*: Nozze
E maladetro piu degli altri jl Padre
Delia Spofa.
Nad. Dise , caro fior Giulio .
Parleu. d^fTeno, o pur a le mie fpate
Ve diveniu ?
Gitt. La non fi accorge ancora ?
Nad. Mi no, die co* parle fe un certo raufo
Ghe no arivo a capirve.
(?«*■: Ma le pare?
Lo dico fol perche non vorrei eh 1 Ella
Gettafle all' impazzara il fuo denaro .
(Vedi avarizia, e cecita!) da fe .
Nad. Tore .......
Gin. La non getti , Illuftriffimo, il denaro.
Nnd. Una lira de" rifi ., e po . . . fior, si
Ancuo no voi fentirme a dir avaro!
Qm, Oh cofpetto di Bacco I Avaro a Lei ?
Mi canzona ?
Not. Tore, do polaftreli
Li fare rofti : un bon quarto peromo . . .
Gitt. Ma la prego, Illuftriffimo, riflettere
Che gli Uomini alia fine non ibn Ju.pl .
Nad. Gave rafon : ma cofla voleu far ?
Se no i erepa , no i dife ch'i ha magna?
Pode tor aoca un poco de formagio
Do feleni , e un fiafdieto al" Ofleria .
E quel die avanzera...
Giit. Lo ferberemo .
-"*!*. Sior no, quellochc avanza ... In ftazornada
C In
)( 34 X
In di de nozze tuti ha da fguazzar ,
Vel magnare vualtri : Pafqua e vu .
Gin. In quanto a me , non vo darle un tal danno .
Ella non fa, llluftrimo Padrone
Che con qtiello che avvanzala puo vivcre
Comodiffimamente quattro giorni ?
Per me, poiche la veggo nel penfiero
Di fciaiare, e trattarfi , e far baldoria,
Che fo? La mi regali uno zecchino,
E le bacio le man. V6 a provvedere.
(Torno un momento a veder la Fihppa.)
da fe e fOtU .
S C E N A III-
Sior Nadal poi P a/qua.
Wad. -\ /f O no 1' oi dito , che i xe tanti Iain
1Y1 IServitori? ami unZecchin? ami?
Me mazzeria co le mie proprie man !
Avari maledeti !
Paf. Mo la bultira !
O co alta! O cb aha!
Nad. Cofs' e fta
Vienftu anca ti a tirarme per i pie?
Paf. Oh! povereta mil Coffa mai difelo?
Cofla gai fato , caro fio? piange .
Nad. Baron i !
A mi un zecchin? Bifognera che ftaga
Coi occhi a Jerta a qucla caffeti
.... Na
.... Na! coffa vuftu ? Vame via de qua!
Pd/. I ga rob a u n Zecchin ? p^nge .
M*J. C No ) da fe.
Paf. Ho? ride,
Nad. ( No potto
Laffarmela paffar. Mo coffa credeli
Ch' el fia uti Zecchin? Le xevimido lire !
Quattrocento e quaranta foidi i xe !
E i li domanda come fe la fuffe
Coffa foi mi, una prefa de tabaco .
Sfrontadoni ! Canagie I Foreftieri ! )
da fe ma forte ,
Paf. Nol dfga tan to mal del foreftieri ,
Ch' el povero Gregorio mio Mario ,
Anca lu el gera foreftier . piame .
Nad. Di fufo,
Coffa ghe xe de alto?
Paf. L' Acqua , fio . ride.
Nad, Xe crefsu ]' Acqua ?
Paf. Oh 5' el vedeffe, fior !
Xe Tot' acqua la cale, e dala porta
ridendo .
AW. Xe fot' Acqua la cale? (Ohquefta e bona!
Donca no podera vegnir neffun ,
O vegnira el Novizzo folo . Donca
Mi poffo fparagnar ... ( dafe ) Giulio , el'anda ?
Paf. Oh poveretoi piange ,
Nad. Cofa povereto ?
Paf. Vorlo, fior, ch'el fe vaga mo a oegar?
Nad. E tl pianzi ? 6
C 2 p a f.
>< 36 %
Paf. Mi no . Ma 1' Acqua anva , rtdendo.
Co dife quelo , fin' a meza fcala .
E '1 Canevin dove ch 1 el' ga i fiafchett
I Salai, le formagie , xe fot' acqua .
rtdendo -
Nad. E ti ridi? E ti afpeti a dirlo a deffo?
Oh povereto mi ! Zente Ma no !
^j Llt0 Oe non chiamar minga niflun .
a Pafqua •
Son rovina , faffma ! fvalisa !
corre facendo atti di dijptrazwni .
S C E N A IV.
Pafqua poi Anzoleta .
p r f\£* ! vardemo ! Varde , quando che i dife I
Kj I ha fvalisa 'I Paron l PoveroPmo!
Me defpiafe daffeno , perche po ,
Siben eh 1 el da pocheto da magnar,
Diro co dife qudo, mi me par
Giufto ch' el fia mio fio ! Tole , chi mai
Se 1' averia penfada I Poverazzo ! ptange »
Oe ! Ch' el she punfa lu , co dife quelo I
ride ..
Anz. Disc , Pafqua , Sior Padre coffa galo
Che V ho fentio za un poco tarocar ?
Paf. Oe ve diro co dife quelo , fia »
Dele foe.
Anz. Che vol dir T ■ p a 'K
t 37 K
Paf. Xe crefsu 1' acqua ;
Ghe 1' ho dito, ch'tl ftava ta criando
No fo perche o con chi , che no ghe gera
An etna viva : e quando go coma
Ch* el Canevin xe quafi foto acqua >
El s'ha meffo a sbragiar, co dife quelo ,
Ch' el pareva che foimi ; e l'e anda via
Criando ajuto ! Son ft a iVahsa * pangs.
Oe ! Per mi no io gnente vede, fia I rtde .
Anz, Xe crefsu 1' acqua ? Xela alta aflae ?
Paf. De diana * Se vedeffi ! Oe , za un'oreta,
Quand'o averto el balcon dela cufina ,
Ruffava el fcuro el felze d'una Bare a
Che gera foto . Oh femo baflt affae !
Diro , co dife quelo , qua ghe el Pergolo ,
Averzi, fia, che vedere . ■ rtee.
Anz. Ve credo .
(No voria j che Zaneto dala preffa
De vegnir qua, s'aveffe da bagnar!
El xe enfs' impetuofo ! Fignreve!
Le caene nol tien : e! pol sbriffar !
El pol farfe del rnal!) i& fa
P*f Ma! piange,
Anz. CofTa ghe?
Paf. Eh gnente. fi afciuga gli occh]
Anz. Via dise , coffa gaveu ?
Paf. Gnente ve digo, fia . come fopra .
Anz. Vogio faver.
Paf. Ve fe novizza vu t tome fopra .
Anz. Ben, e cuffi?
Ve fughe i occhj ? Coffa mo vol dir?
Paf. Me vien in meme , cara fia , quel di
C J Civ
Ch ! anca mi m° 6 tposa col mio Gregono .
Poverazzo ! el xe mono , e mono zovene i
El m' ha porta via el cnor , co dife quelo J
Co vedo Gor Zaneto , tal , e qual ,
I pareria fradei : do giozze d' acqua ,
Un pomo in do f partio ! . . . D* amor lave
El ra'ha fpofa d'Amor! -ptange .
Laffevela paffar . Xe tauto tempo!
4nz. Via cara Pafqua
( Poverazza ; ! la va alia tenia ! ) da Je .
Faf. Oh fia , ' .
No xe po minga tanto , e col m a tiolto
Diro , co diie quelo , ger ancora
Da late fe pol dir ! Ghe vol pazienza !
piange .
Oe , gnancora fon morta ! un di , chi fa 1
Chi fa , che un di no me refolva ... bafta...
ride .
Vago a impizzar el fogo, che xe tardi ,
E po a laorar per vu » co dife quelo . parte .
mm
S C E N A V.
Anzoleta fola %
Ant, T)Overa vecchia! La me fa peca!
3l ttfoghe rege el cervelo , e la prencipta
A no c:.pirfe , e a no farfe capir .
PaiTa el tempo per tuti , e per le done
El core a precipizio! In tun momenta
be fa brutta la bela , e iftolidifle
Una dona de i pirico , cbe mi zorno
Gera come un prodigio circondada
Da una fola de Amanti amiratoril
La me invidia perche me falTo fpofa ?
Chi pol decider fe per quelio aponto
Merita invidia piu cbe companion ?
No! fo ben gnanea mi . Confufa pafio
Dala fperanza che me vol contenta
AI timer cbe me afana e sbigotiffe:
E ancuo me fento per el cuor un certo
Bifegamento che n' ho piu prova I
Zaneto me vol ben : Zaneto ha un cuor
Che pol render fclice una Muger .
Spofandome con In, kffo una cafa
Dove un Padre , acieca dal avarizia
Se defmentega el fatigue, e la Nattira ,
E me tien tra i biiogni come fchiava
Piu che in conto de fia ; vado in tun'altra
Dove un Miffier inamora de mi
Goi brazzi averti , e con tanto de cuor
Me afpeta per remererme el poffeffo.
E 'I manegio de ruto ! CofTa , donca
Gaftu, Anzoleta. che no ti e contenta?
Ah ! Quela maledetta zelofia
Ch' el cuor'orba a Zaneto, e per la qua!
Mile fpafemi Jio audo da foffrir ,
Si que ft a , queita caufa el mio timor,
Quelta me preffagiffe mile afani
E me lazzera el cuor , e me defpera ,
Cofs' oi donca da far ? No ghe piu tempo !
Le circoftanzcj e piu de tuto el cuor
C 4 Se-
Scdotto prima, e adeffo ftrafima
Del mio incerto deftin me vol in brazzo .
Anzoleta, no te avilir , coftanza ,
Forza , e raffegnazion ,
S C E N A VI.
Zaneto fuU riva de fazzada del Pergolo , e
Anzoleta in faia.
Z.m./\E Pafqua, Pafqua!
V_/ Ohgiuftovu: tire , Gi alio, fe pre ft o .
Anz. Sento che i chiama fula riva in fazza.
La me par L'ofe de Zaneto. O giufto!
<oa al Pergsh.
L 1 e hi , 1" e In , ch' el vien ! oh Dio ! me manca
EI refpiro, e me sbalza el cuor dal fen.
S C E N A VII.
Zaneto in bergonzon galontl , e jiivali ,
e delta .
Zan. A Nzoleta, fioria .
Anz. JL\ Sioria Zaneto.
Zan. Steu ben?
Anz. Si ft a go ben.
Zan. Dise daffeno
Me
% 4* X
Me afpetevi co it' acqua?
Anz. Ve afpetava ,
Perche (o che co' ave fifsa una cofia
Vole farla lieuro, cafca el Mondo .
Come, au fato a vegnir ? No me parvero!
Sare tuto bagna da capo a pie ?
Zan. Mio Pare no voleva che vegniffe,
EI m'ha dito afpete che cala 1' Acqua
Che vegniro aaca mi . Ma coda falo
Mio Pare, nol xe mitiga inamora.
No l'e J I Novizzo minga lu; fori mi.
L' andava per le longbe : el gera in leto
Ch'el toleva la chiocolata al iolito ,
Un forfo ogni mezz' ora . Figureve!
Mi no podeva piu . Lu me burlava . . .
El me fava una rabia * . . Ma mi 6 fato
I mi conti tra mi. So ch' el va fempre
In tuto per le longbe, digo, a ora
Ch'el finilTa de tor la chiocolata
Ch'el it reffalva de veltirfe , e po
Ch' el trova I* acqua a fo modo calada
Ghe vol un'ano almanco, Caro fior ,
El fe tog^ el io comodo, e 'I me Jaffa ,
Digo, andar mi, che za per lue a honors.
Lo afpetemo , el vegnira col vol .
Si, no; no, si; dai , tira , mob , alfin
El m'a lafsa vegnir. M"6 mefib in preiTa
I ftivali , m' 6 meffo el bergonzon
E non oftante 1* acqua che coverze
Qiiafi tute le (Trade , e xe za in Piazza ,
corendo come un defpera , che mato
Certo qualcun m' a vera dito drio ,
Pi en
> ( 4\* • u r ■
Pien de Amor, pien de fmama che hernia
Gar' Aozoleta , fori vegnu da vu .
Anz. Caro Zaneto , me defpiafe (olo
Che v' avere ftruifia . Se tuto un' acqua .
Caveve zo, che ve faro netar
El bergonzon . Lafse . Gli ! uh! chemacchia!
Zan. Eh gnente, gnente .
Anz. Come l'altro zorno
Certo no la gavevi . Caro vu
No me pete bit fie • Vu se cafca
E ve fare a un bifogno, fato mal .
Dise la verita .
Zan. Gnente ve digo
Anz. Sior no , vogio faver .
Zan. Eh via fredure ! . . .
Anz, Sior no , ve digo .
Zan. Ma fe hen curioi'a!
Anz. Me par mo, Sior, che fta curiofita
No doveria defpiaierve po tanto .
Zan. No; ve fon obhga, car-Anzoleta ,
So che per mi gave buon cuor .
Anz. Buon cuor ?
E gnente altro? Go buon cuor per tuti .
Zan. Per tuti?
Anz. Si per tuti , e me ne vanto .
Ma me pareva per el Sior Zaneto ,
E credcva che a ft' ora el lo faveffe,
T>c aver qualcoffa de piu , che buon cuor t
Zan. Cara, me confole I Non ande incolera.
Perdoneme , ve prego , e ve fodisto .
Xe vero , (tin cafca . Go t ftivai novi ,
O' sbriisa do trc volte dalla preffa
Da
# 43 X „
De eaminar ) e m' 6 rimeffo fubito .
Ma giufto , quatro patfi , fe pol dir
Lonran de qua, zo delfecondo Ponte
Dove l'acqua xe fin a meza ca!e
O' trova un foreftier con un fpadon
Che no feniva mai] che come mi
Coreva a precepizio . El me voleva
Andar avanti , e za el me gera anda .
Chi fa mi 6 dito alora tra de mi
Percoffa che fto Sior ga tanta preffa?
E fe xe mo la fame che Jo fpenze
E nol core che per torfe un zaleto ?
Mi che vado a trovar la mia Morofa
Che ancuo dopo do ani de foipiri
A'd'effer mia Muger, ghe ftaro in drio ?
Sior no! Co fto penfier me fico avanti,
Lo chiapo , e ghe fon fubito ale ipale ! _
Ma gtufto in quel momento che lo vogio
Superar, un facchin me vien incontro,
Ghe dago logo perche '1 paffa , e intanco
Me trovo tra le gambe quel fpadon ,
Me vogio sbarazzar , ma sbrjffo, e zo,
Dago una ftramazzada maledeta.
Anz. Ve feu ma fato mal ? con pajfione.
Zan. Se mene aveffe
Anca fato, a fentirmelo da vh
Con tanta bona grazia a domandar
con dolcezza .
In tun momento el me faria pafsa.
Cofs' e de Sior Nadal ?
Anz. El tarocava
2a un fia , che ghe anda V acqua in Canevin .
Ztftt.
)( 44 X
Zan. Me la fon dad a iubito per diana
C 6 vifto averto el Canevin ; e Giuho
Con un* altro che n 1 6 deftinto ben
Ma che fara fta certo Sior Nadal ,
Che i ftava c' una feffola butartdo
Via 1' acqua dala porta e dal balcon .
Fignreve-, el fara fta defpera .
Avaro maledeto! Sula forca !
Nol gpffo tolerar .
An% E'quartte volte
Vel ogio mo da dir , che de mio Padre
No voi cp fto defprezzo che parle?
con ferieta »
Se 1' amor che per mi disc de aver
A refpetarlo no ve infegna, almanco
La creanza ve l'a, Sior, da infegnar.
Se Avaro lo crede , fe 1' avarizia
Un yizio la ve par che renda un' omo
L'ogeto del comun rifo e defprezzo,
Profiteghene , Sior, fenza ohragiar
Con vilanie , con improper]' el Padre
Sul vif'6 d s una fia che lo rifpera .
Zan. De djana ! Ande ben prefto zo dei bazeri .
Alfin po, cara fia, fe qualche volta
Digo qualcofla , el digo . . .
Anz. Tropo fpeffo
Ve vien fte vogie , Sior . come fopra .
Zan. Alfin el dieo
Car'Anzoleta folo per amor.
Pen far che voftro Pare da Regina
Ve poderia far ftar , e ch'el ve Jaffa
Bifognofa de tuto
Anz,
X 45 *
Anz. CM T a dito ?
El mio bifogno el go ,
Zan. Car' Anzolera,
Sa tuto el Mondo come eh' el ve trata .
E fe sa , che , tra 1* alt re code , fpeflo
Ve manca da magnar.
Anz. No e vero, Sior .
Mi no me manca gnente, e voria ben
Saver chi v' a conta tute fte couY !
Come podeu mai crederle , fe mi
Gnancora so de averme Iamenta ?
Zan. Eh Gitilio , Pafqua . .
Anz. Colu la xe un i'urbo
Che no fa el [o dover, che impertinente
la ridicolo mete el io Padron
Perche. . •
Zan. Nol ghe da un bezzo de falario .
Anz. Come donca ghe ftalo fe xe vero ?
E a colu ghe crede ? Ghe crede a Pafqua
Che no capifle piu quel che la dife,
E raeffa mi al confronto de fta zente
L' infolenza me fe de dubitar?
Zan. Eh Anzoleta , conoffo el voftro cuor
So de quanta virtu vii fe capazze.
Bafta, vero, o no vero l*e fenia .
No ave piu da patir.
Anz. Ma, ve lo rephco,
De mio Padre parle come fe deve
O tra de nu ghe fara fempre. ...
Zan. Zito!
Per ft a volt a fcufeme , e affeeureve
Che per fta parte non ay ere dc mi
A do-
)(4^ }(
A dolerve mat piu . Dise Anzoleta
Gcrfera , dopo , che fon anda via
Xe piu vegnu niffun ?
Anz. Mi no fo gnente .
Mi n'6 vifto niffun . So andada in leto
Apena se volta zo dele fcale.
Zaz. E pur mi fo . . .
Anz. ( L J e qua con dele foe . da fe t
O povereta mil) CotTa faveu
Dise fu, deftrigheve.
Zan. So che .... No ....
Vii me f ave da dir .
Anz. No voria dirve
Una bufsa fenza malizia; forfi
Sara fta qtialchedun ; ma mi .
Zan. Si ben ,
Xe fta qualcun , e vu . . . ( Mi no fo gnente
E moro dala vogia de faver ! ) da fe .
Anz. Oh ! Sior Zaneto? . . . fremendo,
Zan. Sara fta qualcun
Che mi n'6 da faver !
Anz. Oh ! fior Zaneto ! . . . come fopra .
Zan. Mi no I'd da faver. Son el Novizzo,
E a bon'ora i Novizzi s'a da ufar
A no faver > a no cercar mai gnente .
con djfyetto ,
Anz, Zaneto ! . . . come fopra.
Zan. Figureve! fe gnancora
Spofai ....
Anz. Zaneto ! . . come fopra •
Zan. O' tan to da foffrir ! . .
Batta!... Go la fara po mia muger !
O po-
. X 47 )( ,
povereto mi , come farala ?
Anz. 7-aneto , digo ! . come fopra
Zan. No fave dir altro ?
Lo fo anca mi che go nome Zraneto
Ma no vorave che per can fa voftra
1 m'aveffe po un zorno a chiamar Luca !
Anz. Oh fbn mo fhifa , cbe non poflo piu
De fofFrir tuto el di tante infolenze,
tant'indegni ftrapazzi, e vilanie ,
Sior Zaneto, da vu . Penfeghe ben:
E no ve immagine, che me defpona »
Sol percbe me fpose fenza la dote,
A voler fempre tafer, e fofrir.
Una Puta d'onor prima de tuto
A 1 da ftimar fe ftefla , e 'J fo decoro :
E finche la xe in tempo d 1 evitar
La defgrazia magior che ghe fovrafta,
Ch 5 e quela d'un Mario fenza giudizio
Che con mile fofpeti tutv el zorno
L'oltragia, 1' aviliffe , e rnfegna at altri
A perderghe 3 1 ref peto , 1' a da far
Finche in tempo la xe , un' onorata
Forte reffoluzion . Zaneto , mi,
No velo fcondo, mi ve vogio ben:
I mj Parenti e i voftri za lo ik
E deboto lo fa tuta Venezia.
Se ve fpofo , lo fazzo per amor
Per fperanza con vu d'effer felizze
Ma fe fenti de no poderve preflo
Liberar da fta voftra zelofia
Per la qua! mile vedo in lonrananza
Spalemi da fofrir pene d' Inferno;
Ca-
X 4§ )C
Caro Zaneto s reffolveve : mi
con commozione .
Son za difpotta e pronta a fecondarve ;
Tagemo a mezo el fib dela noftta
Iminente cornun defperazion :
No fe ferao infelici uno con I'altro.
Semo a tempo, laflemofe , che alora
El cuor in quiete mi ve laffero :;
Vu l'onor mio no infultere cufsi
parte piangcnAe .
S C E N A VIII-
Zaneto fola,
Zan. /"\ Povereto mi ! cofs' oio fa to ?
Vx Povera Puta I la me fa peca •
So anca mi che ghe fazzo un' infolenza
A fofpetar cuffi . Cois' oi da far ?
Un cuor mi go , che fielo maledeto ,
Nol me laffa un momento ftar in pafe.
Se podeffe cambiarmelo, magari!
Ma no ghe cafo! Qiiefta xe la terza
Volta che m'inamoro, e so fta fempre
Sempre zelofo ! E' vero che no ghe
Da far confrotito da que altre a quefta
De carattere e cuor diverfa affae .
La prima a forza de farghe la fpia
L'6 vifta un di , che... bafta, la m'afata
Defiderar daffeno d' cffer orbo.
L' a!-
X 49 )(
L'altra che ghe voleva ben aiTae
Che ghe ftava coi occhj { em pre adoflb
De tuti i mj fofpeti gentilmente
M J ha volefto provar che go rafon .
Ma rta povera Puta i ... Oh mi fori mato ,
E a far giudizio 6 da ftentar un pezzo !
Bafta. Vado a giuftarla fe ghe cafo.
Prometero non cffer piu zelofo,
Preghero, zurero j ma fe me naffe
Qualche novo fofpeto ? Oh fe l'e vera,
Chi caile ma to no guarifle mai I
5 C E N A IX.
Camera in Cafa de Sicra Lugrezia .
Siora Lugrezia , Ton in , e Lucieta .
£*K* Z'" 1 Nancora el vien fto Sfor ?
iw-_Vl Ma, cara ela ,
Mi no fa cofla dir, lo compatiflo.
L'acqua xe fina drento dele pone.
Dove eh' el fta , lu no ga riva in cafa:
Xe quatfo di che 1" e vegan a Venezia :
Nol ia gnente, nol ga nifliuia pratica.
Me par che I 5 abia d'efler intriga;
E mi credo, che a lu piu d'ela ifteffa
Ghe defpiafa feguro .
Lug. Manco ma I .
Ma 1' a da far el fo dover , e quando
Se prometc vegnir , cafcaffe J l Mondo
i> No
* 50 )(
No xe permeffo de ma near . Ger iera
Ghc i'6 dito e ftradito : domatina
Sior Cotite , no fale : vegni a bonora
E quanta piu abonora che pode :
Da mio Cugna vogio che andemo infieme ■
Che s'k da far le nozze de fo fia .
De ordene ftaffera co'ande a cafa ^
Che i ve delmitfia a tredes' ore al piu :
Le dKiflete xe fonae : gnancora _
Che fielo maledetto , no 1' e qua.
Z.»e. Ma fiora, a tredes' ore no xe di ,
No fe ghe vede gnente . A dififfete
Sona terza , e la xe ora difcreta .
Se 1" acqua daffe zofo un tantinin
Lu prefto faria qua . Oh la va , fiora ,
La va a bonora quanto che la vol.
(Vorave meter ben, povero diavolo,
Che ghe cafca dei mezi ducateli ;
Ma co fta mata che ghe magna i occhi
Ogni momento, poco poflo far.) ^ da fe<
L$g. &' ei vegniva a bon" ora come mi
Go tanto predica , 1' acqua no gera
Tant' alta, s' averia podefto andar.
Adeffo val a cata , fe fe pol
Cole bare he p attar foto dei Ponti .
E tuto caufa quel a maJedeta
Tefta che no vol far quel che fe dife.
tue. Ma poverazzo, come mo podevelo
r 0, Imaginarfe che do?effe 1' acqua
Crelcer tanto da farlo ftar in cafa?
Me par, gramo , de veder, ch' el fe brufa
Per no podcr vegnir!
Lag.
Lug. A monte, flora
A vu no fe ve fpeta de parlar
So mi quel die faro! Cli' el vegna pur
Cfi ! el me vegna davanti ! Oh vogio certo
Farme ieruir .
Luc. C Che beftia ! ) da fe .
Lug. Se ghe fuffe
Qualcun de fefto za farave andada :
E col vegniva , 1' averia impara
EI Sior Come del diavolo ch'el porta
In che modo fe ferve le mie pari .
Luc. Ghe xe qua fior Ton in , . .
Lug. Coffa voleii
Che fapia quel Pandolo vegnu fora
Gerfera de Colegio? Nol fa gnanca
Far la fcala.
Ton. Oh Sior-Amia , fi daflfeno
Che la fo far . O avudo finadeffo
Diefe lezion , e fono el menueto .
Lug- Tase , fior fcempio ; no averzi la boca
Che no dise un fpropofno .
Ton. Ma flora ,
La me fazza porrar mo qua el violin;
Ghe la faro fentir ,
Lug. Via tase la ; *»
E no parle fe no velo comando ,
Lug. (Oh che Puto de fefto!) da />«
Ton. Tafero .
C Anca a cafa in filenzio ? No credeva !
No ghe akro de bon qua co Sior-Amia
Che no ghe fcola , e che fe magna ben .
Ma go una fuggezion ! ) da fe*
D 2 t-ttg.
t 5* X
Lug Oh ft la fazzo ,
Se Rhe la fazzo bela ! Con chi credeic*
Sto fior, aver da far ? vojo infeg n arghe ,
Ghe infegnero chi fon.
/4n»(fo a(ft <fc Jtfpetta,
Luc. (Gnente che rido,
Col vien, povero diavolo! el fta *&°p
Che ghe fazza el cafe fina ch' el vien?^
Lug. Ande al diavolo, andeme via de qua,
Che go una ft.zza adoffo , che deboto
No fe quel che me fazza . come foprai
Luc. ( Mo che furia I
La buta fogo! Sieftu maiedeta; ^ £.
T«. (Siamalegnazo! fempre i cm , no < poffl
Divertirme un pocbeto gnanca al Trotolo!)
da Je.
Luc. Oh 1 i bate fala .
Lav. S' el xe ta , nol voi
Difeghe, ch'el & vada a far fquartar.
Luc Vago a veder intanto per el refto
La shelo dira Ela fe la vol .
( Oh fe V e lu , lo avifero ch 1 el vaga
Coi pie de piombo , e cole molefme
Che ghe borafca in mar-Povero diavolo!
El fpende el fpande, e tuto el zorno el ft
Do Zane e Euratin, e no ghe giova .
Eh za l'e vecchia, che chi lava 1 aleno
EI tempo buta via 3 I'acqua, e '1 faon.)
da fe } parte,
X 53 X
S G E N A X.
Star* Lagrezia e Tonin .
lug. /^Ofla fteu la comando i travi , fior ?
vJ a Tonin .
Ton, £ dififfere e difdoto j e difnove ....
con tin dita e col vifo volto all' imit ,
La m* a fatto falar ! Sia malegnazo!
Da capo uno , do , tre
lug, Ve par, fior frafca
Che quefta fia creanza ? Xelo el fruto
Che ave fa to in colegio ?
Ton. Si'ora no :
Dove che ftago mi, no ghe xe travi,
Xe fato a volta .
lug. Mo va la , che ti e
EI gran Macaco! Ti e un pomo fpartio
Col to povero Pare mio fradelo .
Puh! Mamaluco!
D 3 SCE-
X 54 t
s C E N A XI.
hucieta , tm Servitore , e ditti .
*" V E Ii n orXonr; g he xe un Servitor
Ch ? he «g» ^. -^ DfiftrigW
Lt,g. Chi feu , Cor t cm ^ ^^
« c* Tlluftnffiraa, io fono lo Staffiere
1 H S S K Cod e Afdrubale , che .nchi*
Scufare , s* EgU P er cag.on dell Acqa*
Non ha potato.
r««, Ghe dire a Sior Conte
^gapanemiach'el.mepar unbelafc
rh, no l'e la maniera de tratar :
SSrentodefta porta .eluftefcalc
Not abia piu ■ coragio de vegmr,
Che fa verb po mi .....
11 Str. Ma la mi lafci
Vinire V imbafciata ., il Signor Co....
4 Novogiofentiraltro. i nUrrom ? enk
lt<x$&* *"**»• emtm
Tl %r II Sisnor Co . ,
££W via de ,«a. No vo> fa»y
_ . X 55 X
Lug. Ma mi de boto
Ve fazzo far un falto dale cale.
11 Ser. Non occorr' altro , vado . ( Maladetta
Le o potato mai dir che il mio Padrone -
E' per via che fen viene ? O che Demonio !
da fe j e parte ,
S C E N A XII,
Siora Lugrezia } Tonin , e Ludeta .
Luc.(T 'ala mb lafsi dir? No la fa gnente,
| i E'l Cont'equach'elvien ! ohCe podeffe
Lo pregarave in zcnocchion perche
Nol ghe vegniffc! la me fa una rabia!
No la poffo fofrir ! ) daft*
Ton. Gara Sior-Amia
La me laffa zogar a mariaorba ,
O a le fcondariole con Lucieta ,
Cara ela, Sior Amia, cara ela!
Lug. TaC la , Frafca , non aver coragio
De parlar , o te mando qua fill fato
In Colegio .... sbafse quei occhi , Cor.
Ton. (O povereto mi! fia malegnazo!
Ne Tun ne 1' altro? almanco ale burele !
La xe pezo do volte del Maeftro ! )
da fe , e flange .
Luc. (Povero Bernardon! el fe defpera !
Mi credo 5 che anca In s' el lo podeffe
El ghe darave un pugno o un morfegon.)
da fe .
D 4 Lug.
X 5^ )(
Lug. Deme da imafcberar. & Lumta.
Luc. Ma it J' a dito ,
Lug. Manco chiacole , fiora : no voi repliche .
£«r- Vado, no parlo. ( Sieftu maledeta.)
da ft , f parte .
Lug. Oh, no lo voi piu certo per i pie.
No fe trata cufsi co le mie pari .
So mi quel che faro ! Vogio , Sior Conte
Voi che me Ja paghe , ma come va I
Un'infoknza a mi ? No ghene tegno
Se tornaffe mio Pare! Conte Afeno !
S C E N A XIII-
Lucicta, con la mafcbera in mano , capello,
tabarro , bauta ec.
Luc S~\& fan q» a co1 tabarro , e la bauta
Lug.KJ Teg ei, nor .
Da la bauta da ttnere a Tonm e fi met-
te il tabarro andando fti c gut per la
fcena .
Cotfa credelo che fia ?
Una calera? Una fgualdrina? A mi?
A Lugrezia Tomioti ? Oh ti 1" a fata
A unDiavolo die ga , bona memoria .
Ti me 1'a fata a mi! Dove xe'l fpecchio?
Luc. Vago a torlo .
Lu%. Chi mai 1'avcria dito.
Mi eh' a impianti ai nai zorni ranta zente,
O d*
X 57 )(
O' d'efier impiantada da Coflu?
O Romano del diavolo, ila volta
Ti t' a mal intn'ga .
Luc. Son qua col fpecchio.
hug. Prende la bant a dalle mani di Toniti , ^
gli da a tenere lo fpecchio .
Dtme qua , tegni faldo ; tegni dreto .
Dov'e el frontin ? a Lucieta,
"Luc. Ecolo qua.
Lug. Si mette la hauta e fi gt/arda ally
fpecchio che Tonin time in mano .
Tegni .
Tegni dreto, fior Afeno, cufsi.
Tremeu le man? a Tomn*
Ton. Go un fredo malegnazo,
St la laflava , che zogafle un poco
Me faria za fcalda .
hug. Pub! Panpalugo!
De qua. Tegnilo, vu , Lucieta.
hue. Vegno.
Ton. ( No vedo I' ora de vegnir piu grando .
Co" vegno fora de Colegio , fubito
Me vogio trovar fubito una bela
Signora da fervir! Ma minga no diavolo
Come Sior-Amia. Zogaremo infieme
A la bala j al volante, a le manatole :
Andererno al Cafoto del Borgognal
Oh me voi divertir ! No vedo I' ora ! )
da fe .
Lug. Cofs'andeu tambafcando tra de vu,
Sior Itolido ?
Ton. Mi ? gnente ,
)C 53 )C
Lm. Tase la . _
Lucie'ta , andelo a imafcherar in prefla
Che andero via con la . Mande a chiamar
Nane al Tragheto : che V ariva fubito ,
Che voi fubito andar .
Luc. Che bel fervenre !
Che invidia ch'a da far la mia Parona!)
daje .
El vegna qua con mi .
prende Tonin per ma mano.
Ton. Sia malegnazo !
Se i me veitifle almanco da Brighela!)
parte con Lucieta K
S C E N A XIV.
Sior a Lugrezia poi V Conte Aftiruhale ..
X,^.rE not fa la creanza , ch' el la vada
* ^ El Sior Conte a imparar.
// Co. Signora mia ,
Eccomi a cenni fuoi . L' avra il imo Serve
Awertita di gia della ragione
Pt;r cui
Lug. Le un bel coragio I Chi v' a averto
Sior Afeno, la porra ? Chi v' a fa to
Vegnir fu de fte fcale ?
II Co. Era la porta
Aperta quand' io venni : Ella per quetlo
Vede com' io foa qui . Ma non intendo
Io
X 59 X
lo poi , Signora , la ragtoa per cui
Del bel titolo d'afino mi onori .
Lug. Mi me forprendo! No la m'e piu natal
Dopo de un'afenada de fta forte
Gave 'I coragio de vegnirme in fazza?
Saveu, fior chi i"on mi?
// Co. St, mia Signora.
Eil'e la gentiliiTima Signora
Lucrezina Tomiotti , mia Padrona .
Lug. Se de mi no fave altro ch' el nome
Ve vogio mo infegnar el mio caratere.
Sapie che dopo quel che m' ave fato
Pretendo farve una flnezza granda
A laffarve andar zofo dele icale
Come se vegnii f u .
11 Co. Ma pofTo almeno
, Sapere la ragion di tanto fdegno ?
Lug. Fe '1 mamaluco , feve dala vila
Qiianto ma che vole, che un'infolenza
No la vogio fofrir,
11 Co. Ma , mia Signora ,
S' ella e bella e gentile , fia di grazia
Anche buona un pochino! Come mai
Son 1 io itato fi fciocco , ed incivile
Di tare infulto a chi vorrei piaeere ?
Come V offefi mai? Tanti ftrapazzi
Come ho potato meritarmi ? Almeno....
Lug. Con quela vottra fiema maledeta
Se faveiTi che vogia che me vien !
11 Co. Ma la d s fog hi pure ! ( io non capifco ! )
da fe ,
Lug. El me vien una el zorno per i pie :
Mi
5( 60 )C
Mi me laflo fecar manna e fera :
Ghe fazzo fempre mile bone grazie . . .
II Co. Ed io ci 6 tutta la riconofcenza .
Lug. Mi no parlocoo vu, fior pezzo d' afeno ,
// Co. (Che diavolo di Donna e queftamai?)
da fe .
Lug. Ma pazienza , fe mi una gerfera_
No m'aveffe sfiata , come che foimi
A dirghelo, e ridirghelo . Doman
accozzando le parole ed alzando la voce ,
Siof Conte, fe che i ve vegna a fvegiar
A bonora : A bonora , I eve su :
Vegni a bonora qua , perche a bonora
Vogio a bonora, fieftu maledetto ,
Andar da mio Cugna , che fa novizza
La fa Puta. An capio? Signora mia
contrafacendo il Conte con cavicatttrA <•
Con quela flema da mazzarlo, fubito
El m*a rifpofto, mia Signora , fenza
fallo , non tema , non dubiti, certo ,
Saro da Lei per tempo, per tempi ffi mo,
Che te poffa vegnir la fcaranzia .
H Co. O' capito Signora . Ma fe V Acqua
Crebbe la fcorfa notte a fegno tale
Che non era poffibile venire,
E il Gondolier, .. .
Lug. Se monta fu le fpale
D'un Fachin come vu... come fopr* »
II Co. Ma quefto poi ....
Lug. Se tol i fo ftivali, e po bel bello
Se vien per 1' acqua ....
/; Co. Io non fapeva poi
Che
X 6i ;C
Che per fare a dovcre da Strvente
Fofle anche d'uopo di faper nuotare .
Lug. Se ta de tuto , Sior, quando che preme
De far el fo dover .
II Co. Non fo che dire.
Lug. Coffa voreffi dir?
S C E N A XV.
Lucieta , Tonin , e delis .
Ton. CON qua, Sior'Amia,
O La varda fe fon ben imafchera .
Luc. ( El ghe lu el Come ! Povero gramazzo !
Oh fe mi fufle un' Omo I Ma 1' e un pampano ! )
da fe .
Lug. Va via de qua Pandolo. a Tonin.
Ton. Mo magari '.
El magnerave mi un Pandolo !
Lug. Ande
Ande de la: menelo via. a Lucieta ,
Ton. Pazienza !
Andemo pur Lucieta, Zogaremo
AH' Oca infieme .
Luc. Si quelo ch' el vol . a Tonin ,
Vegoo, ch' el vaga pur. ( Bifogna ancora
Laffar el forze in boca dda Gara ! ) da fe.
Via, da bravo, el fe giufta. 5* el iaveffe
Che fcene '. I'd difefo mi ala mejo !
at Conte .
Ma
)( 6^ X
Ma l'e teftarda, e cufsi prefto...via
EI fazza cuor, e po'l ghe daga drento . )
parte con Tonin •
SCENA XVI.
Siora Lugrezia , e il Conte .
// Co. CIgnora , la mia Gondola e alia riva ,
J E s' ella vuole . . .
Lug. No voi gnente, Sior.
No go bifogno dele voftre barcbe ,
Che go ancami co vojo una lirazza .
// Co. Eh non dico per quefto... Ma... Poffibile
Ch" Ella ch'e si buonina, e fi gentile....
Vuol'EIla perdonarmi? Io ne la fupplico!
va per baciarlt la mano : ella lo fcaccia .
Lug. No ghe fupliche, Sior, che tegna , a mi.
Farme a mi un' infolenza de fta forte?
II Co. Signora mia, non c'ebbi lelo giuro
, Malizia, e fono pronto ad atteftarle...
(Coftei mi ftanca! ) da ft,
tug. Bafta, fe fta volta
Ve perdonaffe , che no go Jntenzion ,
Tegnive a mente , Sior, che so una dona
Che no fe ga mai fa to la feconda
Senza che la fe cava i so caprizzi:
E me ne vien de beli , fave , Sior ?
E me li fo cavar, Conte garbato !
II Co. (Che pazzia m' £ vcnuta per il capo
D'in-
D' innamorarmi di quefto demonio!) da Je.
Signora , avro , lo giuro , in avvenire
L' attenzione per Lei piu fcrupolofa ;
Egiomoenotte, e noite e giomo , fempre...
log, Sior , fe fare cufsi , che quefto e '1 vouro
Dover , le coffe andera mejo affae . _
Penfeghe, e reffolve : O fempre e in tuio
Ciecamente ubidirme, o andar lontan
Tamo da mi, che fe vivefli un Secolo
Gnanca per acidente, no ve fenta
A nominar mai piu .
11 Co. (Ma come mai
Pofs ! io tanti foffrir sgarbi ed olrraggi !
Povero Conte! Tu fe' pazzo , e il peggio
E' cbe non vuoi faperne di cervello 1
O Arnore, Amor! ) da A-
Lug. Au fato i voftri conti ?
Varde cbe fe file , pezo per vu .
// Co. Signora, io fono cosi cerro d' eflere
In buooe man! , e ch' Ella vorra fempre
Effer meco gentil , giufta , e difcreta
Che il perdon generofo ch 1 Ella m' offre
Io grato accetto . . .
, Lug. Oh mi per la mia parte
No voi prometer gnente, die no vojo
Debiti con niffun. Se fare arento,
E fe al voftro dover no manchere ,
Se pol dar che col tempo... Ve permetto
In quel cafo, Sior Come , de fperar !
Intanto per provarve che la colera
Me xe paffada un poco , e che no fon
Ouinada po quanta che crede ,
To-
)C ^4 X .
Tole , base fta man . git forge la mam .
II Co. O me ftrlice!
Mille grazie, Signora , mille grazic .
O Conte! O Gomel O fortunato Conte!
glitla facia con traf porta .
S C E N A XVII.
Tonin di dentro , poi Ludeta con un Cagnuolino
in braecio, e detti .
Lug. f\ Andemo, fe vole. al Conte.
Ton. V/ Son mono ! ajuto ! di dentro .
Lug. Oe Lucicta, Lucieta. forte*
Luc. Siora, Siora, frettolofa,-
Cols' e fta? coffa vorla? La m" a t'ato
Giazzar el fangne adoffo.
Lug. Cols' e fta ?
Cols' e nato de la? Dov' e Tonin?
Coda galo ch'el cria moro, fon morto?
Luc. E con tuto fto fugo la me chiaraa
Con quela bagatela d" ofe , Siora ?
Coffa vorla ch'el gabia? V a volefto
Che con lu zoga al' Oca . El xe anda fubitfj
A la prima miffiada con un nove
Sora el cincjuanta tre . Mi 6 fato un do.
Lu budandome el miffia darecao :
Co fazzo un diefe , el dife , mi fon fora :
L'a fato un cinque, e l'a ciga fon morto.
Lug. V e un ftolido colu . . .
Lac,
Ltfff. Ma qua po , Siora
Nol ga tor to.
£«g. Sior Come , andemo pur.
ChcTegn'anca Tonin . Se vien la Barca
n J' ~ T . « Cuciefa.
ue^ Iragbetro, difeghe
Luc. No I'd minga,
Siora, fata chiamar .
Lags No? Ma percbe?
Luc. Pcrche fa™, ch'el Sior Conte prefto
Saria vegtiu : ch' JEIJ averia cria
Strepita, ma che pb d«lxe de cuor
( Ma die dolcezza ! ) A fto povero gramo
d.t fe .
Alfin la gaverave perdona .
Ton. Sior-Arnia, ala favefto , che fon morto?
Lug. Oh ti dii'efG un di la veriri .
O andemo } che xe tardt . Qrie xe fogo
Dremo in tel Scaldapie ? Deghelo al Conte.
MaTchedov'ela? a Lucieta .
Luc. Ea go in brazzo, Siora,
Lug. Deghela al Conte. El Tabarin de pele
Cbe la gavero fredo?
a Lucieta , che va prendendo into da di fo~
pra una Txvola.
Lm. Ecola qua. a Lucieta.
Lug. Deghelo al Conte . El Telereto ? AI Conte .
// Co. Signora , chiameremo . . .
Lug. Caro Conte,
Tegni mo flo Capelo , che me giuda.
da U Cappelh al Conte.
E // Co.
II Co
Lug.
)( 66 )C
Ma Signora ... ,
mojlrando V imbarazzo di tanta roba ,
Ande la che se '1 gran Afeno
ripiglia il CappeUo.
Andemo . va aV / nti r
Luc. C Mo che Scene da Comedia ! ) da je
U Co. A ragiorv la Signora mi chiam aiino
Amore m'a cambiato in un Sommaro!
partano tutu,
o.
Fine dell' Atto Frimo *
ATTO
L-^_:
ATTO SECONDO
SCENA PRIMA.
Sala col Pergolo in cafa de Sior Nadal .
Nadal poi Giulio .
Nad. /"YTme ! O' recupera le Formagele !
W I Fiafchcti xe in falvo.
Giu. Giulio Ccfare
Diffe appunto lo fteflfo allora quando
Dopo un longs contralto illefi e falvi
Trails alia 6ne i Commentaq a riva *
Nad. Mo bravo , fior Dotor .
Giu, Eh bagattelle \
Illuilriffimo, io fo eo(e magglori .
Nad. Eh per un fermor ghe ne fave
Un pocheto anca tropo ! Come mai
Aveu tamo impara?
Giu. La di Lei cafa
E'per me un' Accademia di dottn'ne.
Perche qua.fi ogni giorno quella parte
Di tempo cbe occupata vien dagli altri
Nel pranzo e nella cena , quafi tutta
Mi reua in liberta. Mangiano glr aim" J
Cibano it corpo ■ io pafcolo la mente.
Nad. Mo no diioe vii, fior ?
Gut. Io fepuo in tuto
L' efcmpio del Padron .
£ t Nad,
)( 68 )(
Nad. Ma mi, no nugoo?
Gm Io non lo fo davvero ! a me non lice
pcnetrar ne" fecreti del Padrone.
Nad. CMaledeitocoftii!M.!luttocaa&
Che dificile xe trovar un' altro
Che vogia ftar con mi ieiua faIan0 -^
Dise, fior, cofs'efta de quel nafcbeto
Che v' 6 da da tegnir .
Gitu Io l'o bevuto. , 1
AW.Bevu? come? Perche ? quando r con chil
Agitato ,
Giu. Io I'b bevuto «>*«? fi mol here
tjr, fiafcodi buonvin ;*«**< a«a fete ;*
Quando lebbi 'n poter ; Solo davvero.
/^. Mi no vb dito, fiot che lo beve; J
El tal do lire al Fiafco. Voitro dano!
Bifogna ch' el paghe .
Giu. Ben volontieri :
Le rilafcio due lire del lalano.
(Io non lo poica bere a miglior prezzo !)
% da fe nacnio,
Nad. ( Foreftieri ! Canagie ! Forcftieri !
Mi no fo chi me tegna!... El poderave
Anca refarfe fto Baron.... e po?.--
I Medici vol bezzi ! . . . . Mo che Mondo
Pien de Birbe e de Avari! (emeio taler.)
d& Jit
Giu. C Io mi vendico almeno della fame
Che il mio furente amor per la Fihppa
Vuole ch'io foffra con quello Avaraecio.
SCE.
X 6 9 )(
S C E N A II.
ZanetQ e dttti .
ZAfi. (/~y pro me (To, o" zura tan to e po tan to
V_x Che 6 fato pafeatfin conAnzoleta.
Gara culia ! No vedo l'ora certo
Che la fia mia Muger. OSior Nadal da fe ,
Ntd. Oh fior Zenero .
Zan. Come la magnemio ?
Nad, (E tuti parla fempre de magnar!
Mo la gran cofTa !) da fe con difpetto .
Gin. (Que fie fono frail
Che fan venir la febbre z\ mio Padrone.)
da fe .
Zan. A' la, ordena el difnar?
Gin, Oh si Signore
E'magnifico il pranzo! i! irtio Padrone
In & gran giorno non fi vno far feorgere ,
Oltre, ducento rifi gigantefcbi
Ci faia per Lei folo almeno afmeno
Un'oncia intera di bove bolJito ,
E mezzo un quarto di polio gentile
Impallato alia Turca iullo fpiedo:
E mi pezzo diformaggio, ed un finocchio ,
E un bicchiero di vin , ohe dice bevimi .
Zan. Eh che se mato ! Qiiefto xe un diinar
Da ofeletti , da piavoli ! No credo
Ch'el vogia tanto farfe vardar drio.
N' e vero Si or Mi flier ?
Nad, Cofa voreffi?
E 3 Ma-
% 7°>C .
Masnar una beam con cento piegore ?
Ve dago quel che potto ! Tuto el MondQ
Sa che mi ton nn povero (pianta .
No poffo : no ghe n' 6 . no me iecehe ._
Zan. Via via , nol vada in colera . Per mi
No ghe ne penfo gnente, no me atano
Perch' el megio boeon za fara el mio :
E me intendo po mi. Ma me defpiale
Per Anzoleta, F er el *° deco.ro,
Per mio Pare, s* el vien , per i parent!.
Nad. Co ft' acqua atorzio no ghe xe che i mat|
Che (e veda a zirar per la Cita .
N ) doveria vegnir niiTun : e po
Vegna chi vol, no gbene voi faver .
Sangue da un muro , Sior Z^nero caro>
Per conto mio cavarghene no fo.
Zm. Bafta, el ghe penfa lu . Vogio. vardar
Se 1* Acqua a da zo gnente. Caro Uiulio ,
Avem mo quel pergolo , che veda. :
Gin. Ecco fatto. apre : Zaneto fi, a&*ztt* x
Nad. E cufsi ?
Zan, Sior si, S or si ,
Par che i'abia da zofo . Eh pel paflar
Soto i ponti le gondole.
Nad., Si ? prefto ,
Giulio, preito*
Ciu. IlluftrilTimo , comandi?=
Nad, Ande tul f*tt» a preparar la tola
E dene da diinar ,
Oik Com per tempo?
Nad. A honor a? Deboro xe vint'ore
Preito, ande la, no me fee he , ft prefto*
X V X
(Co's'a difna e i'enio, vegna chi vol.
L'acqua da zo? Deboto mi go qua
Meza Venezia almanco. Figurarfe. da fe .
Cm- ( Io credo cli' Ei vorrebbe aver pranzato ,
O piuttofio che andaffero in difufo
La cena , la merenda , e il definare
Come le Cnihe che non fori di moda , ) da fe .
Nad. E cufsi ? coffa feu ?
Gin. Vado , e la eonti
Che in fei Miniui '1 gran Banehetto e leflo .
parte ,
Nad. Deftrigheve, Sior Z^neto, fere
Cbe T aria magna le tapezzarie.
Zan. Vegno, fon qua. L'afpeta un pochetin
Che varda ....
Nad. ( L' e capazze de invidar ....
da- fe con agitazione .
Zan. Digo, oe, digo Sior ... chiamando fmri .
Nad. Oe vegniu drento? a Zan.
C Coftu me invida qua tuta Venezia !
L'invida quel che pafla!) Oe , vegniu drento?
da fe forte a Zan, come foprt .
Zan. Bravo, bravo, Sior Padre. come fopra.
Nad. Cofs'e fia?
Voftro Pare xe qua ?
Zan. Sior si. (a Nadal. ) Va adafio
ad un Facchino che porta fulle palle il Sior
Matth che I' Udtenza pud vtdere.
Che no til buti zo . Forti , Sior Padre .
Sior Miffier el lo varda . Eccolo la a Nadal „
La ghe fazza tirar prefto , che piove .
AW. ( O' povereio mi ! Qua quel magnon ?
E 4 Sta-
)<7* %
Sugo frcfco! El me magna tuto In!)
da fe .
Zan. Pafqua , Giulio , tireghe , prefto prefto .
dopo aver chittfo il Pergalo ,
Eviva ; e viva ! caro Sior Miffier !
O die guftol o due gufto I h accarezza.
.Nad. Zo le man . con rabhia ,,
(O povercto mi! Gera pur mejo
Che no me maridaffe ; no averave
Audo fioli j no averia fto intrigo
Sta ftrage > fta rovina , fto diluvio :
No me remeto piu ! Moro falio ! )
da fe con grand' aghazhne .
S G E N A III.
Stat Math in foratodos , Ombrela , flivali } con
la pi pa in bocca e vegnmdo avanti con
comodo , e detti .
Mat. T>Ondi Nadal . fumando.
Nad, £> Patron. come fopra,
7,an. Caro Sior Padre. io accarezza.
Mat. La Spofa , Nane , dove xela ?
a Zanttto .
Zan. Vorlo
Che la vada a chiamar ?
Mat. Si , caro ti ,
Che go vogia de vederla .
Zan, Sior si,
Vado iubito Cfe pol far depezo!
' fi avvia e poi fi ferma .
Me lento zelofia fin de mio Pare ! )
da fe ^ e parte.
S C E N A IV.
Sior Matio , e Sior Nadal .
Mat. /^orne vala Nadal? fumanio .
AW. V_i De mal in pezo .
Afor. Sempre ti te Jamenti ! Cinquantani
Dcboto xe che te conoiTo e fempre . . .
Sporzime, caro ti quela carega ,
come fopra . Nadal gli da la fedia ,
E fempre t'6 fentio pianzer el motto .
Nad. Ma fe n' 6 mai podefto refpirar !
Mi me fen marida 3 fe 6 fpefo bezzil
O' mantegnu vintani mia Muger .
L' e morta ....
Mat. La fara morta da fame .
Di, n'e vero, Nadal? come fopra.
Nad. Anca fe morta ,
La fuffe come vu vole, da fame,
Tant'oro 6 fpefo a farla fepelir,
Che i'averia vivefto altri vintani.
Mat. Ma me gera fia dito , no so ve,
Che fe poi dar che i me 1'abia petada ,
Che ti I* a meffa in tuna caffa , e ancora
Ti la ga foto el lew .
Nad.
X 74 X
Nad. Me confolo • ?rrr ' .
Che gave vogia de burlar. Ma ! I bezzi . -.
Mat. Mi no ve : digo quel che m'e fta dito
Nad. E po xe vegrm i fioli .
A Quajm? come fopra.
Nad. Tre. . n
Do' mafchj che xe morti ,. e fta ragazza.
M<ar. Tre? tuti toi? come [opra,,
Nad. Si tuti mj pur tropo
Che a bifogna, che li mantegna mi.
Mat. Ma do ti li a mandai dno de iaMare,.
E tanto manco refta , Nadal s vero ?
come fopya ^
Nad. E ft a Puta me cofta un precepizio .
Mat. Ohtasila. come Jopra*
Nad. Son deboto in camiia !
I zecchini per e la 6 da a palae '
Se voft.ro fio no la toleva . . .
Mat. Avaro* .
Di, Nadal, quant i bezzi gaveraftu ?
Nad. Mo no ve dighio che ion in camiia ?
Che 6 fpefo tuto , che no go piu gnente ?
Me farefti mo dir , Sior
Mat. Mo che avaro !
Nad Oh la me par deboto an i.ofolenza .
Mai. Dame un foWo che talo ! come foprai
Nad, Sior Matio
Mene farcm. dir de bele aflae .
Mat. Mi ghe ne Co una bela, che xe un pezzo
Det i; comefopra.
NaJ: Coffa ? .
Mat. Che ti e..» comefopra,
Nad.
//4a. Via mo I
jbf, Un* avaro. C(WW ^ M
^T; S ,or Matio, fon fl u fo, che no poffo
No poffo pin! Cofpcto! Se no ftrfS.3
Avaro a mi? Diieme, caro Sior .
Cofta bezzi Ja cafa, si
Mat.
Nad.
Mat.
Nad.
Mat.
Si.
, o no ,
come fopra .
come fopra ',
come fopra,
come fopra,
come fopra.
A magnar cofta bezzi ?
Si.
A veftirfe ?
Si.
Nad. Cofta bezzi i Servitori ?
Mat. Si .
(fad. Don cs ? Com'ela?
Mah Donca, n e un* Avaro.
Nad. (Oh deboto a coftughe rompo ei mufo.
„ r da fe ,
Colpctto J
Mai. Oh ! Oh !
Nad. Kide?
Mat. Si , me la godo .
Dime, Nadal.
Nad. Laffeme rtar.
Mat. Oh j Oh !
Goffa ghe daftu a Giulio de falario ?
Nad. EI diavolo ghe dago che ve porta .
Maf. Oh ! oh ! Dime , xe vero , oh quefla e'bela '
Di, xe vero die a Palqna ti reftavi
Vintifie lire, e per no ghele dar
Ti Ta fpofada, e ti a fato pagai ?
tfa*. Ah ? no (q chr me tcgna ... fi Jka
Mat
ride, e fuma,
come fopra .
come fopra ridendo .
% 76 |
Mat. Vaftu in colera?
Vien qua Nadal . E quela caffetma
Dove la gaftu ? '<"»* fopra ,
Nad. Dove ve go vu .
C Andaro via per no predpitar! )
S G E N A V.
Sior Motto chs refla a. feden pot Zaneto y
e Anzoleta.
■
Mat. /^H ! oh ! Senti ! vien qua , Nadal ! Nadal I
\JP come fopra .
Oh che gufto ! Mai piii tant-b ridefto I
Co trovo Avari , me li godo tuti
Tuti cufsi! No darave tto gufto
Per tuto cjuanro I' oro de (to Mondo !
Bondi Anzoleta . Staftu ben ? come fopra J
Anz. Sior s! .
E elo, Sior Mi (Tier?
Mat. Oh! Sempre mejo .
Te fala mal la pipa ?
Anz. Eli gnente , Sior .
Zan. Eh un pocheto , Siorsi .
Mat. Mo dilo fubito. getta la pipa,-
Dime } Anzoleta , vienftu volentiera
A ftar in cafa mia ?
Anz.. Se volentiera
No ghe vegnifle, no ghe vegnirave.
Mat*
X 77 %
Mat. Se no altro perch e ti fcampera
Dale igrinfe de fto tegna del Diavolo.
Anz.^ Perquefto no po , Sior ; che de mio Padre
N'6 audo mai raibn de lamentarrne.
Z(j», No bifogna tocarghe fto Camin;
La va 26 col brenton . a Sior Math .
Mat. Dime , Anzoleta ,
Ma di la verita . Da mi. a Zaneto
Chi piu te piafe? A chi vuihi piu ben?
Zan. (Ghe voria altro! La farave bela !
Go voja de fentir quel che la dif'e. ) daft.
Mat, No ti refpondi ? ■ a Anzoleta .
Anz. CofTa goi da dir?
Qiiefte no xe domande , Sior, da far!
Zan. Perehe mo ? Refpondeghe ichieto , e neto ,
a Anzoleta ,
Mat. Via, dime; a chi de mi vnfhj piu ben?
Anz. A tmi do.
Zan. Ma come a tut i do ? a Anzoleta .
Anz. A tun" do, Sior si. a Zaneto .
Mat. Ma pur?
Anz, A elo .
accennando V uno e I' altro nello fie if o tempo.
Zan. ( Manco mai ! ) j a r Sm
Mat. Ti me burli . a Anzoleta '.
Anz. Mi no burlo .
Ma le xe coffe da dir ai puteli .
Mat. Sentiftuj Nane , ghe piafo piu mi.
• _, a Zaneto .
Zan, Oh giufto! No l'a vifto
Mat. Si , te digo .
A' mi, Anzoleta, no xe veto?
Z.tn.
K 78 i
dnz.Ado. comtfopra;
Zan. Oh v'o vifto, v*6 vifto, Siora , grazie !
Brava ! cufsi ; fentada fu do fcagni .
Mat. Via matol <* Zaneto,
Ariz. No fe pol rider un poco? a Zaneto*
T^n. Mi de ite coiTe no (b rider s Siora.
/fch Via matol
As. che £iite!d. Vergogneve. « Zjstf* t
Maf. Brava I
Zan. ( Giudizio! fazzo una fadiga !
No me potto tegnir! ) da fa
Mat. Dime, Anzaleta .
Anz. Sior?
Mat. Oh che leto!
Anz. Coda mo, che leto?
Mat. T 6 fa to preparar un leto ... ma.. »
Un leto Tula gin (la I Tre ftramazzi
Tuti pieni de tana Scmarina ?
Ti vien roffa ? Perche? Ti ftara bent
Ah ti ridi, Zaneto? O che baroni !
Zan. CL' e belo fto mio Pare, ma belon ! )
da fit.
Mat. Di, coffa gaftu, Niora ? Ti me par
On poco imufonada .
Anz. Oh gnenre Sior*
(Pagheria no fo cotfa a n'efler qua! )
da fe.
Zan. Perche rao feu quel mufo duro, cara.
a Anzoltta,
Anz. Latfeme ftar , caro Zaneto .
Mat. Oh bela !
I Stramazzi, e la lana Scutarina
t c c a * 79%
Te fa tar-Anzo]eta , mufo duro ?
Mo va la , che ti e mata !
Anz. (Gerst me jo
Che no vegnifle ! Za lo fo ch' el guflo
EI ga de farrrie tarocar ! > da ft .
Mai Via j parla . * Anzolefa .
S C E N A
V I.
CshUq e detti .
G/V.T7' fervito , Illuftriffimi :
JCi]
il Padrone
jLe fta attendendoCcon il pianto agli occhj)
da ft .
Mat. O } andemo , Puti , via . Sior si , me fento
fi alza .
Stamatin-anca fame! E ti Anzoleta?
Anz, Oh poca , Sior,
Mat. E ti, Zaneto?
Anz. Poca .
Mat. Magnero mi per tuti . A nozze, a nozze .
Zhi. (Figureve! Col vede quel difnar
Mio Pare fa un fuffuro maledeto!
Me difpiafe per Ela povereta ,
Che la fara mortificada ! ) da ft .
Mat. Anderoo .
Z<m. Andemo pur.
Mat. Anzoleta va avanti .
Anz. Vado ( za me prepare a cualche altra
Scena de defpiacer ! ) V a adagio .
Mat.
% So t
Mtt. Mo coffa gaftn? andaniole appnjfo-.
Gnancora te xe anda fora de mente
I Stramazzi, e la lana Scutanna? entra .
%m. Ma no ghe cafo : el gufto de mio Pare
Xe de far vogar tuti . L' e uo bon' omo
De bon cuor , generofo, ma quel di ,
Che no s'a da gnancora , che nol pol
Far chiapar el cavalo a quakhedun
No I'e Ptu hi, l'e morto . Elo mo belo 1
entra con GmUo .
S C E N A VII.
Sior a Lttgrezia, U Conte>e Toxin.
Lug. Qlot si, tutoSior si, per eaufa voftra.
JNove l ! oi dito? al Conte.
11 Co. Ma Signora....
Lug. Soto
LJn Ponte finadefTo. Un'ora e mezza
Soto un Ponte inchiodai come Marmote!!
Se vegnivi a bortora ...
11 Co. Ma davvero
Lug. Davero, Sior , che gave tamo lefto
L Quamo ga quel Pandolo che xe la.
mofirando Tonm .
Ton. (Sempre la me ftrapazzal) fimgt-
Lug. Se vol far
Pezo! E vii Sior Macaco, cols' e fta ? _.
Perche mo feu la fcafa ? & Tonin •
Ton.
X Si )(
Ton. Gnente Siora . f afciuga gli occhj .
Lug. Qua no ghe xe niflun, e mafia bona
Che ghe gera !a porta de la nva
Averta , ipalancada , fe no gnanca
No vegnivimo fufo . Oe chi e de la ?
chiama for* .
II Co. Signora , s 1 el la vuole andro a vedere .
Lug. Me par che dovereffi efler anda .
Voi da pregar ? Che diavolo de Zsnte
Noi capiffe , noj fa , no i imende gnente!
Diieme, a Roma feu ruti cufsi ?
// Co. Ma s Ella vuole ... 10 vado ...
Lug, Mo che pepa 1
// Co. ( Quefto pepa , nan fo che cofa lia . )
da fe.
Lug.Oe digQy Giulio; Pafqua . Oe chiedela.
come fopra .
Che diavolo de cafa xe mai quefta?
In di de no2ze no ghe xe nifTun !
// Co. Ma Signora ....
Lag, Quieteve, caro Mamo .
// Co. ( Pepa , poi Mamo .' jo non capifco nulla ! )
da fe.
sen-
)< 3i )C
S C E N A VIII-
Giulio e detti .
G)u /^HI mi vuole? Chi c'e ? Oh mia Signora!
Vj Scufi, io ferviys in tavola . ^
E le Nozze fe fa fenza de mi?
Gfr. II Padrone, Illultrimma , '» ol ., fa J[ fi .
Tutto per tempo. It pranzo e gia hmio . _
i^ I a fenio di difn.r ? Corm ■ ? . m poflibita|
No fe pol dar^gnanca fe i fufle andai
A to!a avanti 1' alba t
Qkt. Oh, non Signora.
E*un quarto d'oia incirca.
Lug. E xe fenio? ,. ,.-
Donca no fe fa nozze ! Mo chi ghe ?
G/«. Si fan le nozze, « quai nozze fa tanno
II Padrone avra fpefo . . . ■
tu2. I fa le nozze, ;
E fta creanza i ga ? M. no i me afprta?
Gi«. Ma 1' efcrefcenza d' acqua fece credere
Ch'Eila Signora....
£»?. Andemo pur de la ■ ai ■
Anderno che me vogio far ientir .
Ton. (Anca fenza difnar?) da I'-
ll Co. (O che siiornara !)
£«?. Via movcve, Pandoli .
yj/ CW*, * * Tomn, e v* <ro«ft.
// Co. C Ma che diavolo ! ^
;( s 5 )(
Mama i Pepa t Pandolo .' Eh qui bifogna
Prendere un Dizionario Veneziano
E un Maeftrodi lingua. )dafe. Vengo,vengo.
eatra .
Ciu. AfFe , fi fan trovati : e 1' Acqua s e il foco
Sela paffano inileme in armonia . tntra.
S C E N A IX.
Tonin, foln , pot Anzoteta ,
Ton. f~*HE i vaga pur, che fe fe difneri
V^l Lo fa verb ancami. Mo che iuffuro I
Mo i gran ftrapazzi a quel povero Conte I
Peae , sberlefi , pugrti, fcopeloti
Urtoni , pizzegani , fpente : e ftimo
Che a mi, che no gaveva da far gnente
M 5 a toca la mi a parte 1 Poverazzo !
Me defpiafe ! El me da dei buzolai !
EI m'a dona gerfera diefe foldi !
Oe , me vogto comprar tre quatro bale,
E voi comprarme una mua de burele ,
Co tornero in Colegio , ih ! ih ! che invidfa !
Zito! Per Diana, che go adoffb el trotolo !
No ghe niffun: voi devertirme un poco.
fi mette a giuocaye ,
Anz. Mo la gran coffa ! Turi qua me invidia
Tuti parla de mi , ne ghe niffun
Che fia de mi piu trifia e malinconica !
De la Sior Padre cria per I'avarizia
F 2 De
De no dar fora un ilrazzo de jzeechm .
^ora Logreria sbragia , S.or ftfatu,
tt.,rla e ride de tuto con un guft°>
Ctetf! mai vifto el fo comp.gno al Mondo .
Zancto tafe, ma per fogez.on
De mi , che fola me vergogno e rofla
M Szo in viio, che Parole ogo.
No poHo tolerar che fu mio f£
A mio Pare fa manca de «fpjw
I she dife infolenze , c vilanie .- .
(Varde, fc ion atorzio co a tefta)
Sioriafonm. Steu ben? Se vegnu grando !
f M l'aveva ne vifto, ne ientio.)
Ton. Son grando, Mora si , ,*w
Son piCi grwdo de eia I Cara Siora
Mifuremofe infieme. _
Jfttf *W * gti ^caano per di J«*«
e nfia iwhrazzato .
^nz. Cofs' e fta ?
Coffa gaveu ?
Tfftt CSia malegnazo! Adello
Adcfio ftago hefco! Se a .a roto
La cordela da drio de le bragheffe .
S G E-
)( 8 5 )C
S C E N A X.
Zamto in dtfparte che ojferva , e fa atti di for-
prefa e difperazione .
Anz. T)Erche mo ve tegniu le man da drio?
T" a Tonin.
Zan. ( Oh ! Ciii xe mo fta mafchera ? )
Ton. Go fredo
Siora , e per quefto . . . ( O povefero mi ! )
Anz. Se v'a roto qualcofia ? Ande dc la,
Fe che Pafqua ve giurta .
Ton. Gnente Siora ....
Anz. Se moko roflo ! CoiTa mai xe fta ?
Ton. (Se, Sior-Amia lo fa! fia malegnszo!
No poffo gnanca piu zogar al Trotolo!)
J_ da fe } come fopra,
Anz. Via, caro , ande de la.
Zan, C Caro ? Chi xe!o ?
No vorave... Zaneto abi giudizio!
A mi me par de averghene anca tropo !
Me tegno, ma fuo tiita la Camifa !
Stemo un poco a fentsr!) da fe .
Anz. Via deftrigheve;
Me fe pena cufsl . Via . a Tonin.
Ton. Me vergogno !
Anz. Perche ? de coffa mo ?
Ton. Perche ....
Anz. Via dise fufo . (Mo che fcempio,
Che xe fto Pmo!) da fe .
F B Ton.
)( 36 )(
Ton. Perche,broto... Siora
Zan. (Coffaalototo?)
Tow. O" "to . • ■
A* Mo via po! j tuna r ecchia
Ton. Me vergogno daft no . 1
In tuna rccehia f la *o^ S lf
Z*». dn t»na recchia u P ^ /e .
A,. Via 'n « na '*5fe dl' oncchioJ
^^^tofto^FCPovcroftoljdon-
^s£. V ia j xciu «i" 5 ^ j e
Ton U me faua un fiwwo. cara ela "
^CoftavoleuFMadeftngheve. ^
Zds, (Atenti!) TowBi
ita*. Via.deftnghcvc
*r M No la diea gnente
?JJ Ela A- Ma fora tnto
gl^zVVel fa P ia el £o Nov iZ zo. I
J e fMV«o^4oncadafa V e ; ?
^4bs. Perche mo ?
T0 El O meS^urlardatnti r nU
No U ghel diga , cara Ela .
/»«. No, |
No; no ye indutme . avv i M hfi.
Ton- Vago m Cuuna . ^
Z«. C 1° Cufina ? )
Tol MefaUun'altragrazia?
iws. (Oh l'e longa!) da fi , disc
Tos.
X 8 7 %
Ton. Si , cara Ela L
La me meta la mafchera fill vifo
Cue le inconrru, Siur-Amia, o fior Nadal;
Vegno rollo feguio ; e me confondo .
Zan. C N' 6 podetto capir ! ) da fe .
/f»z. Gave un coragio ,
Caro Tonin .. .
Ian. (Caro Tonin? Chi diavoio!
Mo chi diavoio xelo ? )
/inz. dovereffi
Farve folda! Tole ! Sen mo contento?
gli mette la mafcbera .
Ton. O grazie, Siora , grazte. \fago , vago .
parte , e Zaneto h lafcia pajfare fenza far-
fi vedcre .
Anz. Mo va la Bernardon , che ti xe belo !
Figureve! El fta ben co fa Sior-Amia.
S C E N A XL
Anzoleta e Zaneto .
Anz, (T)ERdiana, che ghegera qui Zaneto,)
X vtiendolo venir avanti .
Che ne (lava fpiando . Lu no! (a
Chi fia Tonin, che nol l'a vifto mail
Chi la coiTa che diavoio el s' a meffo
In tella col n a vifto qua nu foli
O povreta mi ! Pagheria mezo
El fangue che go adoffo , che nol fuffe-
F 4 Cuf-
« r i * ia Je.
Cufsi zelofo!) J
Zan. CCoffa goi da dir ?
«e me podeffe (uperar un poco;
Se gaveffe la flema de mio Pare ! _
No voria dar in qualche ftrambaria*.
Me bogie el fangue.-O
/»«. Vu , se qua Zaneto ?
Z d B. Mi , Siorafi , fori mi .
Anz. Che novita I
Siora a mi me dife? Caro Zaneto
Lo feu peixhe ve daga del Luftriffimo I
Gaveu la luna?
Z«». No fo gnanca mi
Quelo che gabia . So chc no vorave
Siora , effer qua
Anz. Luliriflimo , la diga ,
La parla, la fc fpiega*
Zan. No vorave
Aver mai meffo pie fu de fte fcale -
/»*. Poverazzo! Perche? Seu sbnlsa zo?
cok afftttazione sforzat*
Zan. Son sbrifsa, Siora si . Ma che sbriflon !
(No me polTo tegnir ! No poflo P m .
La me minchiona? Go una ftizza adoflo,
Che ghe darave un morfegon!) G, Siora
da )? .
Son, sbrifsa, fon sbrifsa. «« d#«»fl.
^fsz. Oh ! me difpiafe !
S" alo mo fato , Luftnffimo , mai ?
Z«n. Cofpeto ! Cofpetazzo I Oh , a monte , Siora
Sto Luftriflimo .
X s 9 X
/bk. Si : ma a roome el Siora .
Se poderia faver , caro Zaneto
Cofla mo die gave? con huona manitra-
7^n. Eh gncnte , Siora.
Anz. Caro EIo , Luftrifiimo , el rael diga .
con affettazione .
%&n. Se divertela, Siora, ale mie 1'pale?
Go ditOj che nol vogio fto Luftrifiimo .
come fopra .
Anz. E mi no voi fto Siora. Oh bela ! Para!
Z.in. O che rlcma! O che fljma! Mi deboto..
Go una pizza ale man ...
Anz. Le man ve pizza ?
Poverazzo ! Voleu che ve le grata?
Znn. Oh coipeto del Diavolo!
fe le avvkina con fttria .
Anz. Zaneto ,
Gau mal , fio?
Zan. Go ... el diavolo che ve porta .
Anz. Mi fola ! E vu ? Pcrche mo no ?
con fiemma .
Z*an, Anca mi .
Anz. Oh cufsi , bravo, che flaremo inileme.
come fopra .
< Forti, Anzoieta, che anca ti de boto
Ti perdi la pazienza ! ) da fe .
Zan. Vn Zovenoto
Che no fe (a ch' il fia ! ... Cole man fconte I ....
Che no poi mafcherarfc da 10 pott a !
barbotando con difpeto .
Che va in cufina I ,. a coffa far ? Sior no..
No ti l'a da faver ... Zito a! Novizzo !
El
EI Novizzo xe un ...
Anz. Povero mato! con fiemma.
Zan. Ob, Siora si, la ga rafoti , fon mato:
Mato, e no bafta , e P o qualcoffa altra.
Anz. GoiTa? E zelol'o ? No xelo l'ltteffo?
come fopra .
Zan. A mi zelofo? I Orbi xe zelofi .
cojj dtjpelto,
Anz. Che vol mo dir? come fopra.
Zan. Vol dir, Siora, vol dir,
Che i zeiofi ie imagina , e mi o vilto !
corns J of fit.
Anz. La me la conta ben granda , Luftriffimo !
Cols' alo villa mo? via, cam Elo .
come fopra ,
Zan. O'vifto, Siora, 6 vifto...- come fopra.
Anz. C O che pazienza I ) &* ft.
Cofla mo?
Zan. Siora, a mi no me convien ,
Son el Novizzo, no To da (aver!
Ma chi diavolo gerelo coin? come fopra,
Anz. Gavera^ela gufto de (averto?
E co '1 Io favera, faralo bon ?
Zan. Saro , faro ... So mi quel che farb !
Anz. Vorlo, che ghelo diga ? come fopra .
Zan. Oh: la varda ,
Siora, che l'a promeffo de no dirmelo .
Anz. Eh, n'importa; me fido . El xe ....
Zan. No voi,
No vogio faver gnente .
ma moflrando cogli occhj una gran cu-
r toft a .
Anz.
X 91 )(
Anz- EI rnlo Morolo.
Cufla ghe par? Me 1' ojo trova belo ?
E fe voiemo ben, iaio , LuitniTimo!
E che Puto de tpirito cij'tl x- !
L' a colto 1' ocafion , che ion da nozze ,
L 1 a fpera de trovarme in ibeita,
con affsttaz.ione ,
E l'e vegnii a contarmela un pocheto ,
Ob bilogna ajutarie po a iio Mondo .
Anzi voria pregaiio, Sior Zaneto ,
Cbe co ion to Muger , !a me faceffe
La grazia de laflanneio vie in
Per Cavalier St-rvente , falo , Sior ?
Me racomando . Serva fua , Luftriflimo.
facendogU ur.a rtvercnza cancata,
Mato fenza gnuiziijlforteecon rabb:.i(Son fuada:
Vado a bever de 1' acoua . Oh chefadiga!)
da fe , e parte .
S G E N A XII.
Zmeto poi Tcnin ,
Zan. "D Cufsi? La va via? So fti'o qnelo
X~j Ciielaveva. Ma 6 viho ! cois' 6i vifto?
No lo ib gnanca mi! La zelofia
Me orba afato: no ghe vedo piu.
Un puleie me par una Montagna .
Ma no gojo rafon? Con una Mafchera
Che no conollo , novo qua a quatrocchj
La
)( 9* )(
La mla Novizza ... vedo die ... Ma forfi ...
M'avera parfo ... e fe no xe po vero
Quel che me paffa per la tefta ? El Diavolo
Si , go el Diavolo adolTo : e un zorn' o 1 J altro
Oh la feniffo mal ! Gofs'e fta roba ?
da ca piedi net trottolo .
Un Trotolo? dc chi elo ?
Ton. Senza mafcbera corremlo . EI daga qua . _
L' e raio , me 1' 6 compra con i mj bezzi .
Zm. Voftro? Come? Chi feu?
Ton. L' e mio , Sior si .
Zan. C Chi xelo mo fto pampano ? ) da fe .
Ton. El Sior Conte ,
M'a da i bezzi ...
Zan. Ma chi diavolo feu?
Ton. El me daga el mio Trotolo. piangendo .
Zan. Parle .
Ton. EI me lo daga, o ghel digo a Sior-Amia ,
Zan. A Sior-Amia? Chi xela fta Sior-Amia?
Ton. Sia malegnazo! Caro elo Sior!
Ghe gera qua Sior Anzoleta adeffo ,
Ghelo voleva dir , che la vardaffe
Che niffun mel toleffe. Cam Sior!
Zan. (O povereto mi! cuftu e la Mafchera!,.
E 6 audo zelofia de fto macaco?
Oh fon maro! Son mato! Al'Ofpeal! )
da fe , e parte col Trottolo in mano .
Tw.El Trotolo,,. el mio Trotolcel mio Trotolo!
piangendo forte .
S C E-
X 91 X
S G E N A XIII.
Siora Lygrezia , U Conte , Sior Nadal
Pa/qua e detto.
AW. TjUreH zo la cafa ? Cofs' e fta?
Lttg.&J Coffa gaveu, Sior ftodifo?
Ton. El mio Trocolo! fingbiozzavJo .
Paf. El vegna qua da mi. Cofla gai fa to?
Ton. El mi...o...tro...to.„lo! come fopra .
Paf. Via , caro fio , s' el xe mo belo , el fia
[]n pocheto anea bon , co dife quelo .
II Co. Che ? ci manca il luo Trottolo ? Sia buono
Ne compreremo tm'akro. Prenda , prenda .
da di nafcojio una moneta a Tontn .
Lug. Coffa gati da? Noi voi chegbe degnente .
al Coue ,
II Co. Nulla , Signora , nulla .
Ton. Gneme j Siora . ridenio
Tug. Ah no ti fift phi ? Frafca } deboto
Mi te daro un bel Trotolo .
Ton. Magari !
Galo karlato , e broche de laton ?
La me lo laffa veder. Cara Efca ?
Lug. Mo va la die ti xe "1 gran maraaluco !
Nad. ( Come cbe i butavia Hi fiori , i bezzi f
Coffa mai galo da?) fa ft.
Lug. Paiqua da brava ,
Ande a impizzarme fubito in Tinelo
Un per de faffi, che go frcdo .
Had. faffi?
No
X 94 X ,
No credo minga de averghenc, Siora .
a Lugrezia .
N'e vero, Pafqua, no ghe n'b.
facendo gefli a Pafqua .
paf. Si or si .
Quanti ch'el vol' Dopo che J I u comprai
Dirb co dife quelo
Nad. (Maledera !
Ttmi faffini quanti fennton ! ) da Jt .
Paf No (e ghe n'a brusa uno gnancora .
Nad. (La mazzeria cole mie proprie man!)
da fe U
Lug. Ande donca , fe prefto . a Pafqua.
Nad. La ga fredo
Co fto firoco? * Lugreaa.
Lm. Andeu? a Pafqua. Se ben avaro !
£ a Nadal.
Nad. Avaro a mi? Dopo che fcn fll MondoJ
No me l'a dito mai , altri che Ela .
Paf. Che vaga, Sior . <* Nadal.
Nad. Va la I C ghe vol pazienza ! )
Mczo faffeto faftu , mezo folo
De quet verdi, che ghe durera ura pezzo .
a Pafqua a fartt .
Paf Vago, 6 capio . (L'e tal e qualfoPare!
Sia malegnazo! Cofl'a m*oi vanza ?
In di de nozze n' 6 podefto gnanca . . .
Dirb co dife quelo, xe vintani
Che go fta ftazza de veftina adoffo !
O' d' aver luto quanto el mio falario.
Oh fe viveffe Sior Gregorio . piattge . Bafta .
Ghe vol pazienza, co difeva quelo.
E'pb
£' po no 1'andera icmpre cufsi,
Difcva quelo che menava el rofto . )
dj /e, parte ridmdo .
S C E N A XIV.
Sior Naial , Siora Lugrezia , il Conte ,
e Tonin .
Lug- /~\H Sior Nadal, arecordeve che
v_/Ne mi, tie'l Conte, ne Tonin, no avemo
Difna , che iemo qua vegnui a porta ,
Nad. Oh xe a bon J ora . L' acqua dara zo
E le podera andar . Mi za 6 dilua .
No go qiu gnente.
Lug, Come ? GaverelTi
Cufsi poca creanza , Sior Cugna ,
De mandarme a diinar ali Ofteria?
Fe i'afenada de no me afpetar , . .
Nad. Se i gaveva una fame..:
Lug. Eh vergogneve !
Save chi (on . De qua no partiro
Se no avemo difna come convien :
E po in ita Cafa no ghe torno piii.
Nad. (Magari!) Ma fe digo , che no go ...
Lug. Oh , voleu che vediga , che se un' akno !
Nad La diga pur , che no me n' 6 per mai .
Ma 6 fpefo tanto
Lug. Eh che fe fa , che fenza
darghe un foldo de dote la fpose,
Nc fe defcore per tuta la Piazza
Che
)( %
Che dela voftrs vil ipilorzena j
Wu coffa che i dile? Che se pien
Se mo da tame : che no de ialano
AiSemton:cheandemktoafcuro
per no fruar la lume : che dormi
Coiocchj averti,e cole recchie tefe
p e rvederghe^ fendr , anC \ d0rmmd °'
A la cuftodia dela voftra roba :
Che tole fo per ftrada tutto, t «»«
Sporche, ezavate vecchie , e azze , e itrazze.
E mi de (ora piu fo che volen
Contrattar col Novizzo de la _luta,
E fanrela pagar . Tuta Venezia_
Ve maledife , e mi fora de tuti ._
Andemo al fogo , ch\d fara "*l» zza -
parte con U Conte e con Twiffl..
S C E N A XV.
Sior Nadal folo .
WW H. /Tl no capiffo gnente! Come mai
JV1 S- pol dar che i me diga avaro , ami?
Qua no fe magna? I ga rafon , Sior si,
Qua fe devora, no fe magna mmga...
v D .he dago falario ai Serviiori?
Mo no baft, che i magna c che i me im
L'acquadel pozzo, i piati de cuGm
I fecchj le pignate, le teneitre ^
X 91 X
fcl terazzo , e Je fcale ? Eli confuma
E mi tazzo giuftar . Ho com rata
De mia fia col Novizzo ? Mo magari »
E cufsi mo? No feiia giufto, oh bela •
Se Ja ghe piafe, ch'el me la pagafft ?
E vago in leto a fcuro , e funo ftrazze
Gaveii altro da dir? Tafeli mai ?
^ go bezzi, i xe mj, Tuto i vorave
Tuto per eli Mi avarazzi, e po
Co no i ve fa dir altro , i dife avaro !
La gran avara quela mia Cugnada!
parte ,
SCENA XVI.
Anzoleta poi Zarteta .
Jse, ^Anetome xedrio. Vogio un poche to
£-i Farlo zurlar . No goi raion ? Lu ferapre
Con lofpeti 'nfolenti, e zelofie
Me ftrapazza , me infulta , e col capifle
Dc averme ingiuitamenre maltrata
O' da tafer , e dirghe ve perdono ?
Mi go el cuor bon che no I baratarave
Con chi fefia ; Ma no vogio avilirme
Che s* el fa ranto mentre ebe Io tegno
Cola paura de impiantarlo , coffa
Faralo cb faro po fo Muger ?
Sior no, no voi laffarme cufsi prefto
Meter i pie ful colo. Chi ghe mola
G Una
)C 98 )C
Una volta ga fern pre da molar .
Z,». (Oh la xe qua- S.a ™»^"«°: n \X a
O 1 d'efler intriga!) <**/>• Disc, Anzoleta,
Ai«. Chiamelo, Sior Zaneto?
Zan. Car a vu
Se aveffc dito qualche cofla che....
Anz. Siora Lugrezia xd' andada via ,
O pur
Zan. Mi no fo gnente . Cara vu....
Ariz. Sior Matio xelo al logo?
Zan. Coffa foimi.
Poco me importa de fte coffe Cara...
Ae. El diga, Sior Zaneto, apreflo poco
Adeffo ch' ora xe ?
Zan. Sara... Anzoleta...
Anz. L'acqua xela
Ancora culsi alta
Mat. dt dentro. Di Zaneto.
Anz. El fenta, Sior Zaneto, fo Sior Padre,,
Ch'El lo chiama de la.
Zan. Cofla me importa! v
Lafse ch'el chiama. Cara Zogta....
Anz. Zito!
Me pareva fentir . . . Eh gnente; gnente.
Zan. Car-Anzoleta, fe me vole ben,
Cara vu perdomene, che....
Mat. come fopra . Zaneto.
Anz. El vada caro Eio, Sior Zaneto,
Che no para che mi lo tegna qua.
Z«». O povereto mi ! Send , fe mat . . .
Se torno piu ... Cofs' e ?
Anz. Zito ! Zafk
X 99 )(
Zan. Ma cofla ?
Jinz. I lo torn' a chiamar , falo de la.
Zan. Ma fe no me ne im porta.
%an. Caro Elo ...
No voria , Sior ! . , .
Zan. Sia Maledetto el Sior ! . .
Via perdoneme , cara vii , ve zuro
Ma fenti, vegni qua: cots' afcolteu ?
Anz. Me pareva ! . . , Sior si . Ilochiama, falo?
fingendo af colt are .
S C E N A
XVII.
5f'or Mrf//o r» difparti , e de/f* .
M**. f/^H ve If qua , fentimo . ) drf ft
Zan. V_*/ yfa Anzoleta
Si e bona; ve lo zuro, no faro
Mai piu , mai piu zelofo...
faz. Ma nol va ?
So Sior Padre lo chiama . Coffa vorlo . . ,
Zan. Almanco refpondeme, cara vu !
Dise che fon un ftolido, un minchion,
Che fon un mato, sfogheve, ma po...
Anz. Oh no me togo , Sior fta libena.
Per coffa goi da dir ftolido, e mato?
Ghe par? ....
Mrf. C Bfav- Anzoleta! Oh me la godo! )
tm. Ma fe ve digo che gave rafon ....
G 2 Am
)( JOO )(
A Ch'6 mafchera co lc »ie P'°P" e »^,J
Ke vero che l'e un bel peszo . de Puto .
Me lo daralo, Sior , per ■ Cavalier?
c; car0 Sior, nol me d.ga de no .
bi a caru ■*»*■ 3 com wss() agitata,
-7 m Son qua, cara varde ■, Deme la man;
Zj» bon qua , ^ ^^ ^ mam t e ia bacw.
V fe vole me buto in zcnocchion •
t- IL vu i,;„„? Perche S Or : XC lo itufo
,«_» In 7enocchion r r ercne , <j<*-" >
Dc ftar in p»? Se e It r aco , «
^hz. ci ™ r o. j e t a f forte M
Plainer un Omo , bior , ce i<*
Clie ghe pizza le man i
Zan. Car-Anzoleta . . .
Anz. Sior?
Z*«. L afse 1 ucl Sicr
Laffelo per pi eta !
/s„ z Pgfche mo , Sior -
z£ Si maltrateme.che gave "ion.
Macnaocora ve bafta ? Se layefli
^ ( ° h fem ° 4Ua ,Ute^ c« «-*
Mi no rcfifto P iu '• Povetc Donei ^
)( 101 )(
La companion xe quela che ve mazza!)
da fe .
Mat. (Vogio mo veder come la feniile.
De la i li afpeta per fpofarli , ma
Se no termina prima iia barufa ,
No ghe vogio air gneme , I me fa vogia !
Oh! fe podeffe tornar de vint'ani!
Ma! '1 tempo paflfa! Quefti e gufti perfi !
E noi tornera piu ! ) da fe .
Finche tgli parla Zaneto va guardwM An-
zoleta , e fi afciuga gli occbj , batte i
piedi in terra e fa il differ at o : Ella
fegli accofta a poco a poco ; pot dice .
Anz. Via no pianze , digo , noi pianza , Sior.
Zan. Au dito no pianze ?
tevandofi il fazzoiletto dagli occbj .
Anz. La fcufa , Sior ,
O' fala. rittandofi un poco.
Mat. ( Oh che puteli ! ) da fe .
Zan. fingbiozzando . Ma poffibile
Che no femi pieta del mio dolor ?
Ve torno a dir, e ve torno a zurar
Che no faro mai piu zelofo , ehe . . . .
Se no me perdone... Sangue de diana!...
No vogio dir quel che fara de mi ....
No ve voi fpaventar ... No digo altro . ...
piange dirottamente .
Mat. ( Oh ! ve! ve ! Bravo , Zaneto! Oh fe deboto
La cafca! Bela! Bela ! Oh me la godo;)
da fe,
Anz. No fare piu zelofo? quante volte
con ddlcezza •
G 3 No
KTo me rau dito mai, cam Zaneto.
*/« Zu»... '«"»^ '' /'"* ? dagU ° Jl
Z No voio chc zure . Me balla
^hepnmadeparlar }P nmadecrcdcr
Efamine le coffe un poco mejo.
V* avili vii fenza raion, e a mi
Siudieme un poco pm , e vedere _
Se fon dona da ingani e da razzm .
No Zan«o,vel digo , e in avegnit
Ve ne convinced , ve vogio bsn
E no farave bona mai per quefto
Tamo mi fteffa e l'onor m.o nfpeto,
Che a v« no daria mai giufta ralon
D' efTer zelofo , per no darme a mi
Un piii forte motivo de i of lor.
Barta, cuisi. V'o perdona, Zaneto.
7 an Cara , no dubite
Mat. Mo bravi ! Bravi !. /*«»^ «J«.
Au fato pale? Me confolo ; bravi
^CPerdUchemioPareafenuonuo!)
An* C V e quadafleno ! O povereta roi ! > da*.
Ma de quel mo , che ve vog.e ben
Vene vogio anca mi : ftaremo inficme
In mfe e in alegria . Cara Sta Zog.a !
In pale e m & a jj„cfM A««/rfi.
Car-Anzoieta Jaffa che te abrawa!
Cofs'e Zaneto? Gaftu zeiofu? ^
X ioj x
Mo ri e ben maro! No ti re recordi
Che fon to Pare, e che go feffantani?
Oh andemo, che i ne afpeta . Mo va U
Che tt xe fortuna , Zaneto ! Andemo
El Nod.aro xe pronto, e i teftimonj .
Andemo : vegni qua : uno per banda .
cntm tentndaii ahbracciati tutti due.
Fine: dell 1 Aw Second*,
ATTO
ATTO TERZO.
SCENA PRIMA.
Pafyfta che ft a preparando la tavola,
e Tonin .
Ton. C E magna po , n'e vero s SioraPafqua?
paf. O Si , fio .
Ton. De Diana! Xe po oral Go
Una fame che mai gnanca in collegia.
O' audo la compagna . Ma la dlga ,
Ghe fara po confeti?
Psfi E come , fio!
Ton. Oh! vorla che ghe ajuta a pareechiar?
Paf. Come ch*el vol! Caro quel Mufo belo!
prepay ano in] firm
Oh cufsi, bravo! Che Puto de fefto !
El par un Paladin , co dife quelo .
Ton. Chi? Qualo Siora? Che xe che lo dife!
Paf. Eh me intend© po mi, co dife quelo.
Ton. Ma chi xelo eoftii , che PeUdin
Mc dife a mi, die go tanti cavei? . l
come foprsi
paf. ( Sto puto va ala fenfa ! )
Ton. Siora Pafqua .
Paf. Fio?
Ton. Vorla, che co 1' a fenio
Andemo un poco a zogar a le carte?
Sala zogar ? a coffa?
pal. .
)( J o 5 )(
Paf. Mi no Co,
Co dife quelo , altro che calabraghe .
Ton. CoiTa gh' entrelo ?
Paf. Chi?
Ton. Qyelo che dife .
Paf. No lo capiflb ,
Ton, La me diga , Siora ,
Me vegnirala a rrovar in colegio !
Paf. Perche no?
Ton. Cara Ela .
Paf. Via , si , fio .
( Oh la farave bela ! No fon po
Da defprezzar , che mio Mario bonanema
Se pol dir me tegniva in tel bombafo !
Oe j chi fa?) cuffi , fio.
acsomoiando le falvsete ,
Ton. Me vorla ben ?
Paf, Ah J si j ho , si . ( Suo come un vovo frefco. )
fofpirando , da fe .
Ton. Anca mi ghe ne voi .
Paf. Caro que! carol o !
(Oh la farave bela che fio Pnto . . . .
Oe ! Lu xe un'Omo, e mi fon unaDona!
Faria la mia fortuua ! Ola diro
Co dife quelo , fin dopo la mortc
No fe fa la fo forte . )
Ton, Siora Pafqtia .
Quanti ani gala , Siora ?
Paf. Mi ? fio mio?
Diro co dife quelo .. .
Ton. Ma da Qyelo
Che no conoffo } no voi faver gnenre .
Paf.
>( io6 )C
Paf. Ghe n'6... Perche?
Ton. La ghe n' avera aiTae .
p,/. Ohmanco, 60, d< quelo po ch eWrede,.
Ton. Se pol dar; ma la £* M b.ranbagQk t
La xe tutta pelada.
paf. Scagazzer!
Infolente ! Frafcon •
Ton. Perche mo , Siora ?
Baf. Andeme via de qua ; to no, debota
Ve dago uti fcopazzon .
va via bitrjottanaQ »
Ton. Sia malegnazo !
Oe la fenta, la diga . Cara Ela . . .
Bafta. Faremo pate a calabraghe.
le v* apprejfo*
S C E N A II.
Siora Lugrezia , il Cmtt AfiruhaU ,
llCo.\/lh-> Signora ,. mi onori di afcoltarmi „
Lug. IVi Coffa vorefli dir ? a Tredes' ore
Me ion levada iVfer afpetarve
E per far prefto n 1 6. gnanca bevu
La chiocolata > qua. no s'a dif.na .
Xe de boto quatr 1 ore . Tuto in. acqua
Goelftomego... Ve! Ve ! chi e fta che a fata
Preparar qua fta tola? vedendo la tavok^
11 Co. S Eir'aveffe
La bonta di afcoltarmi , allorch'10 parlo.,*
- -
£*fl
X 107 )C
Lug. Oh certo, che disc dele gran code
D' alcoltarve j Sior Come, a boca averta *
E cufsi 1
11 Co. Poco fa. vedendo ch' Ella
Pativa molto, e che il Signor Matale
Non si arrendea ; la libena mi preii
m ordinare una cena alia Locanda .
L' 6 farto a nome iuo ; ma non vorrei . . .
Lug. Sior si , qtiefta va ben: Ja xe la mejo
Che abje fato dal di che ve conoffo.
Cufsi £aremo veder a fto Avaro
Che le mie pari alfin no ga bifogno
Dei fo peocchj, e che la Tomioti
S'a lata iempre refpetar per tuto.
Cuis'a dito el Novizzo?
// Co. Veramente
Per riguardo alia Spofa , che fapendolo
Ne rimarebbe un po mortificata ,
Ei non guftd il progetro, fupponendo
Che iofs' io che fpendefli . . ,
Lug. Mo perche,
No gaveu dito, che fon mi che fpendo ?
II Co. Gli el' 6 detro , e acchetofll
Lag, Manco mal '.
Se mi no fazzo la figura, cofla
Poili valer i voftri bezzi? Gnente
U Co, ( Buono davvero! Qiieftocragionare! )
da ft ,
^ Vj Jl^
y, 10S )(
S C E N A III.
Sior Matio> e Sioy Nadal e detti .
Mat. A Vanti Avaro. * Nadal •
Nad. £\ (LatTa pw ch'el diga . -
El Matrimonio e fato . Canta pur
Una boca de manco? Te perdono.)
Ajuto ! vedendo la Tavola apparecchata .
£«g. Cofs'e fla?
AW. Son l'aflina. _.
Chi a fato parecchiar , Corpo del Diavolo .
Chi a prepara lla tola?
Mat. Ti , no certo . .
AW. Manco mat! No fonmingaun imbriago.
Se pol faver ? . . .
Mat. Ti no, ti no feguro.
AW. Ma chi e fta?
Mat. Ti , no certo .
Lug. Mi fon ftada .
Son ftada mi , n' e vero? « "oft .
II Co. Piucche vero. . ■ ,
AW. Ma come ? Ma perche ? Mi a za dilna ...
affannato •
Mat. Ti ghe did difnar? Mi no ghe digo
Gnanca marenda a quel a . Mo che avaro!
tag. Ben: cofla im porta che vu abie difna ?
Nit avemo da magnar.
Wad. Mi no fo gnente .
Oe, Siort, velo averto, bezzi ... A mi-
Mat. Che avaro! mT .
Nad.
)( log X
Nad. Avaro? El Diavol che ve porta.
(Maledetto Coitu nol vogio a rente.)
dafe, e va da »n altra parte.
Lug. Eh xe tuto paga. No pianze, Sior
a Nadal.
No go bifogno dei voflri peoccbj .
Nad. Certo che no go altro che peocchj.
Mat. Ma fina queli tili vol per ti ;
Di , n J e vero .Nadal ?
S C E N A IV.
Giulio e detti ,
G'm. Clgnori , tutto
\J Tutto e gia Iefto , ponno accomodarfi.
I fervirori deirAIbergo ...
Lug. E< qua?
Come faralf a portarne la roba
Se la Gale xe ancora foto acqiia?
a Giulio,
Giu. La Locanda e vicina , e qua rimpetto.
E coU'ajuto di una panca.-
Lug. Donca
Sentemofe. Sior Conte , vegni qui,
Qua, qua vicin a rai . Sior Matio qua :
iifponendo le fedie ,
E qua ftara i Novizzi . Dove xeli ?
Mat. Eh i vegnira . ( Quel di che m 1 6 fposs.
Ma! .. xe dei ani affae ! So che anca mi
Me
)( 1TO )(
Me fen fato alpetar cola Novum !
Quei gera temp)', e tempi boni! Ma! daft*
Lug. Tonin.dov'do?
Gi«. A Tavola Signoti. ; \
/««a Tavola .
S C E N A V.
Tonin che lira per la mano Pafqua e detts .
Ton.T A vcgna qua, femola giudicar .
Paf. La Mo via el me lafs' andar , CO dife quelo .
Ton. Siora no, Siora no . Tre Re , e tre Fantu^
Domandemoghe a tuti...
Paf. Vorlo a mi
Infegnarme a zogar a calabraghe ? _
£«. Coffa diavolo feu? Cofs'e fto ftrepito?
Senteve qua, Sior Mamaluco ; a tola,
E no abie piii coragio de pariar . a Tontn .
Ton. Siora, la fenta mo... a Lugrezi*,
Lug. Tib, frafca , e tafi . gU &* **> fi*'*ff° ;
i>*/. C Tio fii ; go gufto : a mi tuta pelada ?
Mi go le barambagole? To dano !
Magari pezo , co difeva quelo ! ) da ft .
Lue. E fti Novizzi ?
Atef. (Ma! ai mi boni tempi!) da ft.
hug. Vienli, si, o no? _ _
Mat. Zito , ch' i e qua , ch' i vien . ■ ^
X ni }(
s C E N A v r.
Zaneto conducendo per mam Anzokta .
Z**' ^X/T^ ^ eve de mi , car-AnzoIeta,
JlVJL Siora Lugrezia , e ftada queia , si
Che ha fato prcparar* Qua no ghe mal ! )
Anz. ( Ah caro vu , laffeme ftar 1 Mo quante
Volte in un di voleu, caro Zaneto >
Mortifixada vederme , e avilia? )
Mat. Coffa gaflu, Anzolera ?
Nad, (Stte e rre
Diefe, e nove difnove, tati rufpj! )
da fe in tin canton .
Zan. Eh gnente, gnente .
Anz. C Spofa fenza dote I
E fin le nozze , cfoe fe fa per mi
Una terza perfona le a da far ?
In cafa de mio Padre? E lu lo foffre
Senz' arrofTir ? E no lo move mile
Infolenze , ftrapazzi, e vilanie ,
Che ful vifo i ghe fa ? Sangue , Natura
Decoro, onor, grjente lo move? Oh Dio!
Soto che Stela iongio naia mai! )
da fe ntW altro canto , poi refia penjierofa .
Nad. (Ghe n'e uno che cala. No xe vero!
Nol poi calar ! Bifognera che i 'ncarta
A un per un , perche infieme i fe fnta ! ) dafe.
II Co. Signora Spofa, s'Ella vuo federe..
alzandtfi Aalla fedia.
Lug. Bravo, Sior Conte! Via! buteve fora ;
El
El °ran fenza creanza , Sior che se.
Ko^voi duo, che vogio, che ite la?
II Co. Scufi , Signora
Mat. Sentete Anzoleta ;
Vien qua arente de mi. (Za 1 o capia
So cofla che la ga , povera Puta !
La me fa companion!) da fi . Sentete qua.
4m. C Ah pazienza !) gli w M» Wrf*.
Lug. A Zaneto El fc fenta . (Che f" mo £^
Zan. Son qua, fon qua. Chebela compagnia !
(Car-Anzolera, fte de bona vogia . )
pwiw, *jW« appretfo Anzotet*.
Mat. Via {entete Nadal .
Nad. (Cento e ietanca
Xe queii che go da : dufente e vinti
Queli ch'el m*a reftituio I Pazienza!
Mejo poco , che gnente !) come fopra.
Mat. S'alza da tavola , e git va apprejjo /*»«
za farfi fenfire , e afcolta .
iVrfJ. (Ghe vol'altro!
Quel bauleto xe pien ! Bifognera...
Oh ! no imprefto piu bezzi ! el pegno in m an ?
Da coffa tar del pegno ? El lie per cento?
El Tie per cento a mi ? Vogio el ... )
Mat. Nonanta. inttrromptndob i
Nad. L'e una bela infolenza, Sior Matio.
Chi v" a infegna
Lug. Mo i vegna a tola , via
Coffa diavolo fali ?
Mat. Tafl, avaro, ^ * ?*fi
Se no fuffe to fia .. Ma tornero » for*i */«!«*.
An-
X nj)(
A.m Aodemo a t0 Ja.(0 povereto mi !
Coi feme a nominar bezzi . . . I Joria
i veli voria tor fora de man!
Mo che avari dddiwolo!) Son qui . fiedt .
j Mo quanta roba ! I bruferia Ja cafa
I rnanderavem prccipizioun regno!) daft,
1 jerviton vanno e vengono portando e k-
vando i ptatti .
£?/*.( Io credo che Ja Cm la prima volta
.*- fae in t l l,erta «& fivede un buon pafto.)
da fe.
S C E N A HI.
Taf/i j Tavola.
?4- <F) E d '«w! ^ ghexe boca che vuftn !
*-* Me fenteria anca mi „ co dife qiielo ! )
zi L a :s' no da ~ ! r^ :
Tre ore m pun to,
£*g- Via , cufsi , da bravo..
Moftre a fti Siori che gave 'I «logfo.
II Co. (Ohdiavolo!) "IConte
t*& Eh me par , Sior Cu^na caro *
H Che
Che per aver dilna, ve pone ben . aNadal.
Nad. continue a mangiare fenza rifoondere ,
G. C Eh il mio Padrone, quamc^e ftrctto in cintola
Altmtanto e psu largo edi ventrical© .) dafe.
Lug. No refponde? ' a Nadai .
Nad. mangiands Mi (o '1 Proverbio antigo
Che diie eo ti e a tola , magna e tafi .
Lug. Gave rafon , e quando che fe fpende
Xe giufto che fe goda .
Zan. (Che infoleme!) dafe.
Mat. L» magna, Siora , e la Jaffa magnar.
Coffa gaftu Anzoleta? No ti magni ?
Anz. Eh , Siorsi , magno. C Quant' oi da fofrir !)
iafM
Lug. Da bever. a Gtulio*.
Giu. Come vuole ?
Lug. Groffo, groffo.
Mi lo voi lempre groffo .
Giu. Ecco fervita . le da a here , pot',
C La Signora Lugrezia e di bnon gufto .) daft* Tf
Zan. (Mo vis, car- Anzoleta alegramente
Me fe ftar anta mi de mala voja . )
Anz. ( Coffa voleu , che bala un Menueto?
7,an. Anca quelo a fo temro. Magne intanto.
Via da brava , magne . Tole .
Is mette qualche cofa ful piatto .
Anz.. Si magno .
(Go ahro in tefla che raangnar!) daft.
Mat. Da bever. a Gtulio.
Puro , puro anca ml .
Giit. Ecco Illuftriffimo.
Mat. prima di here . Viva i Novizzi .
Tut-
: Tuttt . viva ,
Z<««. Grazie .
Anz. Grazie .
Faf.Me vien in meme . . . O poverera mi!
L'e mono gramo! quele se ftae nozze!)
da fe e Ji afciuga gli occhj .
£»£. 1 egm dreto el piron . Mo el gran Pandolo »
CuMj cufsi fe fa. a Tonin,
Ton. Sia malegnazo !
Go una fe che non potto piii magnar !
Se favetfe..,Ma go una fuggezion !) da fe.
Dl 5?' fotto voce # Gtuljo.
Gut. Com and! .
Ton. Caro Sior da bever ,
Ma infcondon, che neffun no fe ne incorza.
' corns fopra ,
Gut. Sara fervita . ( Che Giovine fcioho .
Egli e il rovefcio della Zia.)
,,,.-, <k /? prcndendo il vino ,
Nad. ( El gran vin!
Tmi beve, e niffun pieolo mai !)
Che imbriagoni!(rf*/f) da bever del vin grotto ,
D r c v „. a Pafqaa.
Paj. hon qua , Sior , vegno .
Gin, (Eh dica, Signore.) a Tonin curandoh.
Ton. ( Coffa vorlo ? ) ?iem a GiuUo #
Gttt. (U qm fntto quel fervizio.)
moftrandoglt ,1 bicchiere <he tiene nafiofio .
Ton. C Grazie.) J
lofove cbinando la tefla verfo il licchiere,
Zan. (Oh bdo! varde , car-Anzoleta
Varde quel Cuca che bevendo a tola
H * Zo-
Zopa a le fconJarole.) J*t, tll
*** ridends , piano a Anzokta >
Anz. (Si ma quelo
Quel Cuco, Sior, v"a fato zavanar,
E mi pc caufa foa . ■ ■ ■ )
Z^ri. ( Mo via , tase , ^
No m'aveu perdona?)
I/O. Ehi, dice, a here. f/;/*
fc^a^Spofi. ' '**>$}
Che me se crefsu in man.
J/ Co. Merito fuo . , ,
7 , B Una parola, caro Sior Miffier^ a Nodal.
% Son permiffion de fti Signori . Ei fcnta.
M* Son quju^ ^ ^ .^ . b M MJ ^
Aiz. Coffa voleu da hi, Zaneto ?
Zan. Eh«nte,«diro.
AW. Coffa voku! ,
(Oh beznami no mene cavacer to ! ) *£
Z«. El vede , Sior , in che cafo , chc fen*
Qua no bifogna fctfe vardar dno.
AW- Che vol mo dir?
Zan. Siora Lugrezw a iato
Portar la cena, e nu....
fbi. Bela! So dano !
Se la xe mala, cofc 1 01 da far mi?
Zan. Bifcgnaria che ieffimo un pocheto
De chiafiEana tra ira • ^
X "7 X
Nad. Chiaffana , Sior ?
Come? In die mode?
Zan. Un poco de Feftm.
Trattandofe de nozze... Caro Sior!
De diana! almanco quarro Menueti !
Nad. Che Menueti? Mi no fo balar .
Mi li magno, i mj bezzi , no li balo.
Qua non s' a mai balaJ Ghe voria altro!
E fti terazzi . . .,
Zan. Coffa vorlo mai ,
Che diga el Mondo?
Nad. No me imports gnemc .
Ch'el diga quel ch'ei vol . Chi xelo el Mondo ?
Anz. ( Coffa che pagherave de fentir !
Maza qualchealtra fcena ! Me rimagino!)
da fe .
Nad. Voleu akro ?
Zan. Ma Sior .
Nad. Oh torno & tola.
Zan. Oh ghe diro, fc nol vol fpender Lu ,
C iratttnendolg . )
Spendero mi .
Nad. Ben, comodeve pur.
Zan. Che vogio che Anzoieta fe diverta ;
E fe Siora Lugrezia a fpefo qua fro
Con ranta rnalagrazia, c oto , e diefe
Voi fpender mi, per fargbela teg-nir,
Nad. Bravo. ColTa oro diefe?
tug. Sior Zaneto,
El vegna rno a femir , el vegna a tol*
El fenta fto zampin .
Zan, Son qua che vegno .
H J Zan,
)C 116 )C
■7** Son qua che vegno.
Z te magna pur. Vegno , Anzoieta , vegno .
Mat. Mo deflrigheve. Coila faftu la?
,Z« Vegno, *go,fonqua.Eomed^
Ducati o pur zecchici .
Nad. Vole donca
Balar leguro!
Zan. Sior si , ma co ft acqua _
No fo dove trovar i ionadon . - •
Si a Malegnazo'.
Nad. Certo che co ft' acqua... _
Zan. Mandero Giulio . Dam i bczzt a lu..
JM. No,no,novefidMDimForefti t r
Ve voreffi fidar 1 Laise , che mi
Mi conoffo trc o quatro Galantomem
E fo dove trovarli . Deme i bezzi ,
E H i'aro vegnir .
Zan. Come? Lu Sior
Lu vol'andar I Cor acqua a mezzagamba ?
Nad Eh! me far6 porta* - Deme qua i bezzi
E no ve indubite. (I Savj a fempre ,
Da tor fu quel che i mau btita via
Voi fparagnar qualcofs' anca per mi ! ) daft.
Demeli , e vago . _ _
Mat E cufsi la fenimio r 1
(Go una vogia a coin de dirghe avaro _
Che me fento morirl) ** £•
to Son qua, ion qua. *£-?«•;
Col voL donca andar Lu, quefh xe fie
Ziccchini. bafta ch'el U ipenda hen
■
Nad* ( Almanco cinque , ghe ne voi per mi . )
n t • ,*. . da fe .
fatroni, iion, vago e vegno ,
/4sz. Dove?
Dove valo, Sior Padre?
A'*i Eii vago e vegno.
C.lllio. ~ - *
- c a parte .
Oi». cngnor .
Nad. (Se avanzera qualcoffa
Arecordeve de logar .> „«„ f oprAm
Fm. Non dubiti.
(Ch*io faro si, che non- ri manga nulla .) da fe .
AW. Me fa peca laflfar la ranta roba I
Che ftrage ! Che rovina I che tripudio »
Coffa diiia mio Pare , fe '1 vedefle !
Ghe vol pazienza ! O Tempora i Mores .' pane.
S C E N A V I I I.
S'ma Lugrezia, Anzoleta , 7/CW*, Si^Matla,
Zweto Tonm , (?«/« , P*/ ?M , e fervUari
delta Locanda che vanna e tornano .
Anz. ( C E poderla faverdove l'e anda?(a Zawfti .
lr , i t0 , ! r * and * a cercar de < Sonadori .
Voi che balemo un poco, e fe la Siora
Lugrezi. * Aunt**.
Anz. (Come 1 ave Jafsa andar?
Senza feral? Co ft'acqua? Co flo fcuro?
A riichio de negarfe ? Mo ande Ja
H 4 Che
)( no )(
Che sc fenza giudizio . )
Zan. Car a vu ,
Ghc 1'6 dito, e flradito ! 1" a volefto
Andar per forza hi.)
A>:Z. Sia malegnazo!
O povercta mi ! )
Mat. Via , cari Fioli ; ;
Sempre ve magne i occhj . Dove valtu t
a Anzoleta cfofi alza , apre U Pergolo e va a vedere .
Anz. Portelo a pian . Percoffa no alo tolto
EI feral? El va a rifchio de cafcar .
Vorlo che manda Giulio? Caro Elo !
L'afpeta, caro Eio .
Zan. (Se nol fuffe
So Pare 1) da J e •
£jg, Cara fia , fere , ft prefto
Che vien un' aria .
Anz. Vegno , Siora , vegno .
(0 povereta mi! Nol me relponde ..) daje.
£*g, Laffelo andar al diavolo col vol .
Anz. La compatiffa , no 1' e minga el foo
L'e raio Padre d« mi, fala ?
Lug. (Che frafca!) &* f e <
Mat. Vien qua, Anzoleta, fentete , e fu bona
Senti mo fta Dindieta ; 1'eun bfltiro.
Lug. Ohime ! Me fento refphar . Da bever
Gin. Come lo vuole?
Lug. No voi dito? Groffo.
Gm. ( II groffo ingroffa .) dafe . Si ferva , Signora .
le da a tm.
Mai. Gh Pafqua .
F-fjT. Sior.
■ Mat.
X J 21 )(
MaL Un Pnndefe da biava
A* Novizzi . Da bever prefto a Pafqua .
raj. Oh mi , co dife queio , no me fazzo
Pregar po tamo. Pcrehk no? Son qua.
Cnx. dand.rtvmo.Viz da brava Pafquinajatrionore
rauno ftrambotto, e ingolla allegramente .
- *>. tl me daga un croflin . a ^*j- A£**/ .
ALy. Dtghe del pan. * «&&.
i*<*/. Oe , diro quelo , cbe co m 1 o fpofao
iV". Eh gnente Sror ! L J e morto povereto!
n . . 1..' come for*.
Mat. Cm ?
**/ Mio Mario, bon'anema; gramazzo!
M^ Ob! che amigaje! Via fa prelto , su .
raj. Son qua . Nol me interompa . Vegno . Oh !
Prindefe .
Amore un di batccva le broccberte,
Cbe nol gaveva fuogo da fcaldarfi.
A forte fti do Putti rirravetre,
Che gavevano il cuor confunti e arfi ,
E li lcambietre fubito in do rtizzi
E fi fcaLette. Eviva ftj Novizzi ! '
Mat. Brara Palqua. „-j Mt ,
Lu7. ISrava . • > ,
Anz, (Povera Vecchia ! ) ^ r e
It Co. Trovette I Scamhiette !
ScaliHte! Quefto e il fiore della Crufca .
Lm. Mo che gnma del dtauolo!
H 5 Anz.
)C in )<
Anz. Gramazza I
La dife quelo che ia sk\
Gitt. Pafquina
' Tu k\ la Balia di Mcffcr Apollo .
M* Ohimel No pofTo pin ! Bifognarave
Che lumaffe una pipa .
jf alza daiia Tavoia , e fflfiggM •
Zjtf Qua no , certo ,
Persia pipa a mi la me fa mal.
Qua no s' a da iumar .
7m (Che sfrontadona! ,
t \,fta frefcpper diana cb mio Pare!) rfa/*.
ALtJ Ob! Go del boa tabaco fala , Siora
Ghe lo voi far fentir.
Tup Ghe voria altro 1
h %o credo, Sior, che fta mala creanza
Ami'lmerukra!
Mrf. (P^ rche mo no.) J
A nzokta la w fa mal , n e vero f
Vado a fuinar fill Pergolo .
T««i /? «&*•* *» T ^^ e ToWB "^
Ug. (O che afeno!)
,C /F mio Padre no vien!) . .
r K? Oe fparecchie. ,
Porte pvefto da robav.ade qua,
p" lift'odordapaccluomefamal.
Z-. (Chefmorfiofa!) d * A-
^,. Sior Conte , a bozzeta
f)e fappareghe la gtveu ? De qua .
Me vo! bagnar le man.
Ton. fi fojfia il n afo nslla falvtetta .
Lug. Dise, Sior porco ,
Cofs' aveu fato qua !
mojirandogli la fafaietta fporca ,
Ton. S'm malegnazo !
L' aveva toko per el fazzoleto.
Lag. Tole . gli da una fcbiaffb , e (Irappa dal
collo la falvtetta . Che un'akra voha impa-
rare.
Anz, ( Lo laffela mai (lar poverodiavolo?) dafe .
£»£. Cofs' e ? fifeu ? „ To»/'« .
To». Me dol .
finghiozzando , e tenendofi la matto alia
guancia .
Paf. G6 proprio gufto ! da fe ,
Zjh. Mo via , Anzoleta , fteme alegra un poco .
Deme almanco un' occhiada . In tuta quanta
Staffers no m'ave gnanca varda.
Anz. Eh gaveremo tempo de vardarfe I
Se vardaremo, no ve indubite I
Adeffo, Sior, me fta ful cuor mio Padre,
Dove i'au fato andar? Gnancora el vien ?
*\
H 6 SCE.
X \
a.4
S G E N A IX.
Sior Math agendo dal di fan. '4 ?**$>!* e
Sior Nadal fulla riva impetto .
Mat. f~\Vi\ Oh! 1'c qua, ch' el vien .
K_) Bravo ISUdal .
£. Elo qua si? Lafse che vada a veder^
Z*i. cfcA W4f^: Eh chew el gad feral.
,Ak. O povereta mi! Mio Padre...
Tan. Eh gnente, 7 ^,m
Mat. O bela! O bela ! ; .
Che ftramazzada che ti a da Nadal.
W«( Di dove attu impara Facchin del Diavolo ,
A far el to meftier ? Son rovma.
Calze ! Scarpe 5 tabaro ! Tuto tuto
Jail a rtv* fort' -
Vogio , faflin , che ti me paghi .
Anz. El diga ,
Sior Padre, s* a lo fato mal?
Afof. *"&*<&• (Oh qucfta
Propria Ia 8 he fta ben a qu ' "
Se no fufTe fta Puta !
iMg. Oe, Siori, vegniu drento ? Sumo m
Che i lafse far cufsi ? Mi fori deboto
Morta dal freddo . Mo fereu quel Penjolo ?
Via Siori . E m no ve movc,fior afeno? al torn.
X '25 X
// Co. Ma , Signora , non parrai in cafa altrui...
Lug, Tase la , Sior Macaco .
Mat. Ma quei altri
Chi eli, che i vien con lu? a Zamto .
Zan. Sior, i fara
I Sonadori . El veda la i ftrumemi .
mtrano tutti .
S C E N A
X.
Sior Nadal i e detti .
Nad. ^vHime! No poflb piu, fiede*
Anz. V-/ Ma el me refjxmda
Caro Sior Padre , s alo fato mal ?
Nad. EI mio tabaro... el mio tabaro. Varda
Varda che macchia ? qua e po qua.
Anz. Ohfeno ghe altro mal po, ch' el tabard,..
Nad. E te par poco? Mi voria piunofto
EfTerme fcavezza l'oflo del colo!
EI xe novo de trinca . No ti vedi !
moftrandole il taharro .
EI gera de Sior Fulvio mio bifnono :
Mio Nono no l'a gnanca dupera .
Mio Pare fe l'a meffo per rnezz'ora
Qael di ch* el s' a fposa . Mi po che fempre
W a piafio andar pulito l'o porta
Sete oto volte al piu, ma cotia importa?
El pareva tagia zo daila pezza
Sie Zorni fa! Ma fe no geri vu
Che
)( it.6 )(
Che me obligaffe andar for a Ae cafa a Zan.
No me I'averia meffo, e dizzipa .
La parentela e I'amicizia, Sior
Zaneto, caro, la xe bela e bona
Ma vu mel pagare . .
%m. Sior si.
Afof. all'oreccbie dt Nadal . Che avaro!
JVW. Sieu maledetto! Me Iaffeu mai ftar?
La roba , Sior , la coda bezzi • I bezzi _
Xe 'I prune fangue. El fangue xe la vita.
in collora .
La vita e i bezzi xe l'iftefla coffa
Ma mi ftimo piu i bezzi che la vita.
Coffa far de la vita fenza bezzi ? _
Mi vorave effer morto, e aver dei bezzi,
Piuttofto ch' effer vivo fenza bezzi.
Zan. Via, Sior, el tafa. No goi dito che
Ghe daro el mio !
Nad. Seguro?
Zan. Senza dubio
Nad. Ben, ve chiapoin parola, (Noghemal!
Gavero quefto e quelo . Za in fcarfela
Cinque zecchini 6 meffo, e quakhe bra!
da fe,
Lu& Dov'eli i fonadori ? a Nadal.
Zan. Dove xeli ? ^ * Nadal '
Nad. Fell vegnir avanti . Ecoh qua.
S C E-
X ii7 X
S C E N A XI.
Entrant} quattro Ciecht con un hflone e un vio*
lino in mano ciajcuno , e ne'l' entrare il prima
inciampa in una fedia , cade ; il fecondo ca.
fca Jul prima , e cost gh altri due una
adojfo l' ultra .
Mat. ^Ofs'e fta roba ? Cofs'e fta?
Nad. V_J Caveghe
Dai pie quele careghe .
Mat. Come ? Oh bela !
Oh ! Oh ! ride fgangheratamente .
Lug. Come? Cofs'e? Cols' c fla roba?
Qaatr'Qrbi, Sior, nt raene qua a fonar !
a Nadal,
Zan. Oi'bj ? ( Oh i mj poveri be$zi faffinai ! ) da fe .
Anz. (Oi.'ime! Da la vergogna e dal dolor
F;n me manca el refpjro ! ) da fe ,
Nad. Ofbi , e cufsi ? Mi ftimo piu chi fona
Senza Ja parte , e coi occhj ferai
Che un'ahro che ghe veda fu le note.
Mat. Mo no me poffo minga piu tegnir .
Biiogna che tel diga , fe no, crtpo ;
Car-Anzoleta fciifeme ; che Avaro! forte.
Lug. Sc pol far pezo ? Oh mi no balo certo.
No halo fe credefle de morjr .
Ton. vide
Lug. Cofla rideu . Sior ftolido , dise ? a Ton.
Ton. ( La voria fempre che pianzeffe I Oh bela ! )
da fe .
Lug.
% ii8 )(
%m. E vfi, SiorConre, Sior'Omo de fiuco ,
$tk la fenaa parlar ? Xelo mo qiiefto
Mancarme de refpeto, si, o no!
<iJ Conte.
II Co. Signora in fatti... ( Io mordomi le labra
Per nan ifcompifciarmi dalle riia!) daft.
Lug. In fati.. in fati .. No lave dir-altro?
Mo che mamo! Che pepa ! Che pandolo !
II Co. COhiqueftodizionarioeindifpeniabile!)
da fe.
ptf/'P-pvereti! Vardeli. Gnente , gnente
N'e vero, fioli , che no ghe vede?
pajfando Into la mam fotto git occbj .
Diro co dife quelo , tanti finchi
Povereti , I me par !
Zan. Ghe vol pazienza!
Baleremo cufsi . Mi voi balar .
Oh ("one, Siori . Vegni qua, Anzokta.
la prende per mano,
tug. Mi no balo feguro .
Anz. C Se ghe xe ,
Bifogna ttarghe ! ) _ » f**
Mat. Mi per con to mio
N'6 nui ridefto tanio quanto a-ncuo.
SCE-
)( 1 19 )(
S C E N A XII.
Anzoleta e 7,aneto in atto di ballare il Minutto .
Gli altri ft mettono a fed ere , e Si or Nadai
fiede l* ultimo verfo I'Udienza; iCiecbi
cominciano a fuonare.
Zan. ^Vlbo: La Gnora Luna ! Mo che diavolo !
\~S No Cave fonar altro? Via da bravi!
ai Ciechi .
O cufsi. 'Andemo pur. Cara fta zogia.
tetania per mano Anzoleta .
Andetno ; zo . cominciano il Mintutto .
Lug. (Bifognera che bala
Per infegnarghe a fti Siori a balar .
Che fefti! Che fcamotfie ! ) da fe .
Tutti . Bravi . Bravi . finito il Minuet to .
Mat. (Ma! Una vol [a anca mi!..) da fe .
II Co. Signora mia ,
S' Ella non ifdegnaffe di onorarmi ., a Lug.
Ton. { Balerave anca mi, mi! ) da fe .
Mat. Cara Niora ,
Ti ball, che t'incanti!
a Anzoleta che gli va a federe appreffo .
Lug. Per dar zofo
Un pocheto el magnar., via vegm qua .
Ma faveu po balar? al Ccnte ,
II Co. Lo mette in dubio ?
Nad- (Oh 1 , fe no gera fvelto a cafcar zo
Bifognava pagar la portadura I
Culsi no go da gnente ! Za favera
Cbe
^ X *3? X
Che no gaveria perfb ! Se no avefle
(Jn yoco de giudizio ! da fe .
TV Conte e Sior a Lugnzia 3 mettona in at'
to di ballare tl Mmuetto .
Lug. Mo tegni molto mal , Si or , quele gambe !
al Conte .
Via fone! Deftrigheve. Adafio, adafio .
at Clecbi che fuonano .
Lug. baliando . Oh ! Pcvereta tni ! Me fe ftmpiar !
Ande fora de tempo. No fave al Conte.
Gnanca i principj.
Jl Co. Ma Signora...
Lug. Baft a. a mezzo il Mimetic
Bafta cufsl, che me fe vegnir mal.
al Conte , e torna a federe .
Nad. ( Bifognera che pela ft! Zecchini !
No voria che i calaffe ! ) da fe .
Mat. Oh Pafqua , a ti . a Pafjua >
paf. Sior?
Mat. Via .
paf. Coffa ?
Mat. Soto a ti .
paf. Oh giuftol
Mat. Deftrighete , te digo ,
Paf. Oh mi po no,
Co dife quelo, Sior.
Mat. Baia, che po
Te daro una lirazza .
Paf. Una lirazza?
Gne n' 6 chiapa de 1' altre falo , Sior ?
Ei varda co 1 fe impegna «
J/IaU Ecola qua . mojira U moneta .
Nad.
X 13 1 X
Nad. (Se pol far pczo ! Una lirazza aPafqua?
Ma la m'a roto geri una pignata ...
Me la faro pagar ! ) da fe.
Mat. Mo via deitrighcte . a Paftjust .
Lug. Via si , Pafqua , bale !
Paf. Una anca ela?
Lug. Via si . fz>a fuori una moneta .
Paf. Cols' cjo da balar ?
Lug. Soneghe
Una furlana . ai Ciechi.
Paf. Con chi ?
, Lug. Con Ton in .
Paf. (El m'a dito che go le barambagole!
Me preme fte lirazzel ) Ben fon qua.
Lug. Via , Sior Pandolo } a vu , de bona grazia !
a Tonin .
To«. (Sia malegnazo I I me vol far balar
Co fta Vecchia carampia I Cola Spofa ,
Ob balarave volemiera mi i
Pazienza! ) dafe. A ndemo pur. i Ciechi fmnano .
Paf. Son qua, da bravo.
baliano gcfjammte tutti due e tutti ridono ,
terminal a la furlana .
Perche ridel i mo? Varde che cofle !
Diro co dife ijuelo , i fazza Eli
Siori akretanto, ie i xe boni I Prefto
La mia Lirazza ! a Matio .
Mat. Tib.
Lug. Toie . a p a fqua i
Ton. (L'e bela!
A quela Vecchia do lirazze , e a mi
GnemelSiamalcgnazo!Chegiuftizia!)/>^£*«
Lug.
L»o. Oh varde mo fe 1* Acqua e dada zo,
Clie fe ghe cafo voi che andemo. aGtulto.
Gin. Sablto va fid Pergolo , poi torn* .
Oh fi Signora, fi pud cammmare.
E'iibero il paffaggio . La fiu Gondola
St a li rimpetto ...
£«?. Dtfeghe ch' i ariva .
a Giidio che va fid Pergolo ad avvertire t
Gondolieri , poi torna .
NaA. (No vedo 1' ora ch' i vada via tuti . da fe .
Lug. Feme un poco de lurae . Giulio prende m
candeliere . No ghe torzo ?
Come? No ghe xe torzo? Mo che tegne!
Ande avanti,ande avanti.a Gin. Schiao Patroni,
A rcvederfe Spoil. Sior Nadal,
In Cafa voftra no ghe vegno piu. .
Nad. ( Tanto megio per milMagari mti ! ) daje .
Lug. E mi 6 d" andar da baffo fenza torzo ?
E vu , Sior Babuin , no disc gnente ? al Conte .
Andemo, andemo. , . .
Giu. andando avanti col lime. (Qtiando gh o lOTIti
Torno di volo appie della Filippa ,
Che gia mi attende . ) da J e '
11 Co. Umilifllmo Servo.
Signori Spofi } la felice none.
parte con la Signora Lugrezia .
Ton. Patroni Siori . (Mi no vedo 1'ora
Che vegna domatina per comprarme
Un bel volante , e una mua de burele ! )
da fe , e parte ,
SCE-
s c e n a xiir,
Siar Math , Sior Nadal , Anzoieta , Zantto ,
e Pa/qua .
AW. V T Arde che fefto < I magna che i devora
V I bala da cavali , e po i vol torzol
Che i fe locompra, e che i fel jorta drio .
Torzo ? Oh quci Orbi..
Z^». La i licenzia pur.
Ande fioli , ande la.
Paf. Goi da far lume?
il£j#. Ai Orbi , fcempia , ti ghe vol far hime ?
Per Ti la lufe fara bona. A uno
Dagbe man , che za i altri ghe va drio . a Paf.
Varda noli copar .
Paf. Oh gin (to , Sior .
Vago . ( Cola Novizza e andada via
Diro co dife quelo, coro in leto .
Ma faro fola! Ah! povero Gregorio!)
fofpirando forte parte e da mano ai Ciechi .
Tan. Oh Sior Padre .. a Math .
Mat, Si . Baft a , t' 6 capio .
Vado al Tragheto a chiamar una barca
In tun momento vado e vegno. Intanto
Sparagneme le Scale , e vegni zo .
a Zantto e Anzoieta,
Zan. Faralo pre ft o ?
Nad. Mi 6 d'andar in leto,
Che xe tardi per mi!
Mat. Si, vado, e ?egno .
Sen-
Senti,NadaI, una parola in recchia. all'oreccuto.
Tiente in bon .
Nad. Mo perche ? De coda , Sior ?
Mat. Tuti i Avari delMondo in to confronto
come fopra .
Xe fciaiaquoni , e prodighi . Ma Ti
Vantete pur , mi te daro rafon ,
L' Avarizia ti xe veftia e calzada
Col norae de Nadal .
Nad. Sieu maledeto ! forte.
Tan. Sior Padre, el fe deftriga , caio Elo,
L'Acqua pol tornar iu..
Mat. Mo ]a gran preffa !
Vado si, no f'maniar . Dime Anzoleta.
T'oi dito?
Anz. Coffa Sior?
Mat. Dei tre Stramazzi
Tuti pieni de lana Scuterina ?
Bonanote , Nadal . Oh vago , e vegno . parte .
S C E N A XIV.
Sior Nadal, Anzoleta, Zaneto, poi Gittlio .
AnzXXJ LO un bel gufto farme vegntr roflfa !
JCi Lv ride e burla , e mi ., chi 'I crederia ?
In un di che per tante faria forfi
El piu alegro, el piu belo .. )
da fe afciugandojt gti occbj .
Zan. Cofs'e fla? a Anzoleta.
Cof-
Cafla gaveu ?
X 135 )C
Anz. Gnente, Zaneto .
Nad. (Ohime! rcfpiro l'e anda via colu .
Avaro a mi ? Par proprio ch' el la fazza
Per farme raroccar . Avaro a mi ? ) da fe ,
Gin. (Feliciffima note a lor Signori !
Io fmorzo il lume , e meno vo pian piano
fmorza il lume .
Dove? Che ferve ? II cor trafcina il piede .
Ho pofV ogni mio ben nella Filippa .
entva fenza effer viflo per la porta later ale.
Zan. Oh ie vole, Anzoleta, andemo a baflo.
Anz. Aipere ancora un poco . No ghe lume..
Zm. Eh dabaffo ghe Pafqua,
Nad. Si , ande pur .
Record eve , Si or Zenero , el tabaro .
Oh ! Puti car! , el Ciel ve benediga ,
Abie giudizio } e no bute via i bezzi .
Anz. Adeflfo andemo, Sior , a Nadal , pot vcrfo V
Udienza. Oh Dio ! me fento
Un certo no fo che ch el cuor me opn'me
Che no fo ben fpiegar . In flo momenta
Me libero per fempre dale anguftie
De cuor che per el corfo de vintani
L' Avarizia d" un Padre m'a cofrreto
Ogni di tolerar ; ma in flo momenta
Piucbe 1' Avaro me recordo el Padre .
Lo laffo, e la Natura , e 'I Sangue fob
Se fa fentir ! Ah Io laffaffe almanco
g&tardandola affettuofamentt ,
Pernio , cambia I Defidero , ma temo !
jDefiderio e timor che in mezzo a tjuanti
P*a-
X i3<5 )(
PJaceri la fortuna me prepara
Sempre me fentiro viver nel cuor !
L'Acqua alta j Signori , e dada 7:6-
E la Com media la feniffe qua.
Ve pialela? Ale curte . Si, o no?
Le man, e l'ofe lo decidera.
I
N
Efegio efftnzhk itlfa dil'igenza d& Ce.mpojitori , d?l
Correttore deila Stampa , e del? Editore
d't quefta delta Commedia,
O v v
ERRATA
P. jo. 1. iS. lafferifli
P. $2. I. 15. Sporra
p. 5S. I. 8. I a fie vela ec.
tAnz. Via Cara ec.
Poverazza! ec.
P, 41. 1. 25. lo afpetemo
P. 5$. I. 2. dale eale
P. S4. 1. 19. ti tiene
P. S7. !. 31. O povreta
P. 59. fc. r/. I. i|, Bfava
P. 104. I. ti. che
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CORRIGE
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|
Adrian Smith (born 1957) is an English musician, member of the band Iron Maiden.
Adrian Smith may also refer to:
Adrian Smith (politician) (born 1970), United States representative from Nebraska's 3rd congressional district
Adrian Smith (statistician) (born 1946), English statistician and academic
Adrian Smith (architect) (born 1944), American architect
Adrian Smith (basketball) (born 1936), American professional basketball player
Adrian Smith (illustrator), British illustrator of game materials
Adrian Smith (strongman) (born 1964), professional strongman competitor for Great Britain |
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1
DICYILI
LIBER
DE MENSVRA ORBIS TERRAE
6VSTAV0 PARTHEY
BECOGNITVS.
BEROLINI
IN AEDIBVS FRIDERICI NICOLAI
(A. BFFBRT * L. UNDTNBR).
1870.
2.^/. €' f^
>
(^^
LETRONNII
M A N I B V S
SACRVM.
PRAEFATIO.
-Liiber de mensura orbis terrae, a Dicuilo
Hiberniae monacho anno post Chr. n. 825
coQscriptus, in bibliothecarum membranis diu
latitans, primum integer editus est e codice
Parisiensi 4806, saec. x, a Carolo Atbanasio
Walckenaer (Parisiis 1807) paullo post (anno
1811) A. Letronnius, adhibitis tribus aliis
codicibus
1) Parisiensi Lamoniano 9661, suppl.
lat. 671,
2) Gaddiano postea Laurentiano, quem
inspexit Targionius Tozettius,
3 ) Veneto Marciano^ quem excerpsit Mo-
rellius,
Dicuili libellam denuo excudi curavit, uber-
rimoque commentario auxit, quo non solum
Dicuili aetatem, orthographiam, fontes tracta-
yit, sed etiam magna cum eruditione de fossa.
VI
Hadriani Nilum inter et sinum Arabicum,
de magnae pyramidis altitudine, de priscis
Jslandiae incolis, de mari Jonio, Adriatico,
Tyrrheno disseruit.
Divenditis autem utriusque editionis exem-
plaribas haud e re mihi visum est, ope co-
dicis Dresdensis (D. 182) optimae notae, ante
hos yiginti et tres annos a me excussi, no-
vam Dicuili editionem viris doctis proponere.
De Dicaili scriptis pauca praemonenda
sânt. praeter lihnim de mensura orbia terrae
epistulam composuit de quaestionibus decem
artis grammaticae, quam ipse memorat^ (prol. 1)
edi curavit Prisciani partitiones duodecim ver-
suum Aeneidos principaliam, quae continentur
codice Leidensi Vossiano 33.' (Priscian. ed«
Keil, t. 2 p. 389. 390).
Libellus de mensura orbis terrae refertus
est variis auctorum nominibus^ quorum hic
sequitur elenchus: Agrippa, Artemidorus, Au-
gusti chorographia, Caesaris cosmographia,
Clitarchus, Dicaearchus, Ephorus, Eudoxus,
Fabianus, Fidelis frater, Hecataeus, Hero-
dotus, Homeras, Jsidorus Hispalensis, Juba,
Onesicritus, Orosius, Philemon, Plinius, Pri-
jscianus, Pytheas, Sedulius, Servius, Solinus,
vir
Statius Sebosus, Theodosii misei vel meta-
tores , Thucydiâes , Timosthenes , Vi rgilius^
Xenophon Lampsacenus.
Horum auctorum magna pars cum ex So-
lino citetur, Solinus autem ex Plinio hauserit,
pauca tantum sibi propria remanere Dicuilo
facile intellegitur. praeter Augusti choro-
graphiam et Caesaris vitiatam cosmographiam
nonnisi Jsidorum Hispalensem, Plinii libros
priores sex, Priscianum, Solinum et Theodosii
missorum opus evolvisse videtur Dicuil. neque
in excerpendis scriptoribus antiquis satis ac-
curate versatum esse Dicuilum paucis exem-
plis ostendam.
Plinii librorum haud raro falşi indicantur
numeri, immo legitur (6, 27) ^sed Plinius Se-
cundus altero nomine praedictum stagnum
nominat, quod nune obUviscor\ in initio ope-
lis (prol. 4) dicit Dicuil 'ubi in libris Plinii
Secundi corruptos absque dubio numeros fieri
cognovero, loca eorum vacua interim fore fa-
ciam, ut si non inrenero certa exemplaria,
quicumque repererit emendet'. paullo post
autem, finita mensuratione orbis terrae (6, 1)
habet Muxta Plinium Secundum numerorum
loca, quae in prologo praedixi relinquere
vm
yacua^ repertis illis snpplevi. sed si qoisquis
meliora ezemplaria invenerit, videat si pla-
cuerit, ne piger corrigere fuerit'.
Jn Jndiae descriptione (6, 28) ex Solino
allegatur * minima Gangis latitudo per yiu m.
passuum, maxima per xx patet\ postea (7,
36) ex eodem Solino affertur *de latitudine
Oangis fiuminis et Euphratis, quam in isto
libro scripsit, dubitans taceo'.
. Ubi emendationes manifestas habet Dicuil,
in incerto relinquitur, utrum melioribus codi-
cibus an auctoris ingenio debeantur. Solinus
(32, 8) de Nilo fluvio perperam refert ^septem
ostiis conditur, in meridiem versus excipitur
Aegyptio mari', idem error occurrit apud
Jsidoram Hispalenaem (13, 21, 7 ) / apparet
autem in Nilide lacu^ de quo in meridiem
versus excipitur Aegypto'. recte autem Di-
cuil (6, 11) 'in septentrionem versus excipitur
Aegyptio mari.
Alio loco (9, 6) acrius impugnat Solini
(24, 8) opinionem de Atlante monte 'quod
ultra nubila caput condit, et quod vertex eius
semper nivalis'. cui sic adversatur Dicuil
*si vertex eius semper nivalis est, traniscen-
dere semper nubes non potest, et si nubes
IX
semper altitudo eius excedit, non solum nun-
quam tegi, sed nec tangi nivibus valet'.
Solini (22, 9) assertionem de insula Thyle
^ in qua aestivo solstitio sole de Cancri sidere
faciente transitum nox nuUa, brumali solstitio
perinde nullus dies' comprobat Dicuil (7, 10)
narratione clericonim quorundam, a kalendis
Februarii usque ad kalendas Augusti in illa
insula degentium, qua narratione recte per-
pensa dubium nullum esse potest, Jslandiam
insulam sub finem saeculi octavi a clericis
hibernicis visitatam fuisse. (Letr. p. 133 sqq.)
Letronnii disquisitiones de cosmographia
Caesaris et de missis Tfaeodosii, in commen-
tario (pag. 25 et 31) promissae, cum lucem
non viderint, pauca de iis diccenda sunt.
Cosmographiae, quae sub Julio Cae89.re
et Marco Antonio consulibus facta est, et
nuper in Dicuili manus venit, (6, 20 et 37)
adulteratum fuisse exemplar facile intellegitur.
Dicuil enim in cosmographia notitiam rep-
perit, partem Nili fluminis exire in Rubrum
mare iuxta civitatem Olivam et castra Moysis^
(6, 20) nemo autem Moysis castra in genuina
Caesaris cosmographia quaerat. reliqua fere
omnia ex cosmographia a Dicuilo allegata^
apud Aethicum et Julium Honorium leguntur.
enumeratio marium, insularum, montium cet.
(Dic. 8, 26 — 30) iisdem verbis sed mutato or-
dine habetur apud Aethicum (p.706. 711. 717.
720 Gron.) sed Aethiei verba sensu carent,
cum dicat ^orientalis oceanus habet măria —
insulas — montes'. recte Dicuil 'orieutalis
pars habet mana — insulas — montes'.
Alio loco Dicuil ab Honorio corrigitur.
refert Dicuil (7, 23) ' in praedicta cosmographia
legitur esse insula Solis quae appellatur Pe-
rusca^ ubi Ganges intrat in mare', apud Ho-
norium (p. 601 Gron.) inter Oceani orientalis
insulas recensetur 'Solis perusta insula'.
Multas autem Diculi allegationes e cos-
mographia desumptas apud Plinium, Solinum,
Aethicum, Honorium, reliquos antiquitatis
geographos frustra quaesivi.
Maioris momenti excerpta sunt ex opere
missorum Theodosii deprompta.
Multo antequam Dicuili liber integer a
Walckenaerio publicatus esset, duodecim ver-
sus heroici missorum Theodosii (5, 4) eru-
ditts innotuerant. meminit eorum Marcus Vel-
m
serus in epistula ad Josephum Scaligerum
XI
anno 1599 data, eosque cum Matthia Radero
communicavit, a quo in historia Theodosii
iunioris, Monachii 1614 edita, publici iuris
facti sunt; pauUo post Jacobus Gotfao&edus
e codice Parisiensi 4806, a se inspecti, typis
eos mandavit in comment. ad I. 10 cod. Theo-
dosiani de metatis. alia quibus versus işti
offenduntur opera recensuit Gerardus Meer-
mannus. (Burmann anthol. lat. t. 2 p. 392) e
Gothofredo citantur a Wesselingio in prae-
fatione ad Jtineraria ..." quod ipsum eviden-
tissime liqueret, si plura ex illis schedis Jac.
Gothofredus excerpsisset; editas enim faabe-
mus, ut contendendi sit facultas, ab Emm.
Schelstrateno t. II Ant. Eccles. p. 525'. ibi
autem legitifr ' Dimensuratio provintiarum e
codice Vaticano 244', neque boc loco neque
in toto Schelstrateni libro sermo est de missis
Theodosii vel de duodecim istis versibus, quare
fides habenda Meermanno asserenti de Schel-
strateni opere ' quo libro nec Wesselingio nec
mihi potiri licuit'.
Salmasius missorum Theodosii mentionem
fecit aliquoties in exercitationibus Plinianis.
Fr. Christophorus de Scheyb in praefatione
xn
ad Td>iilam Peotnigermiiam (1753. p.25) ex-
cerpta nonnalla Schopflhii e Dicuili codice
Parisiensi 4806 typîs ezpresdt. deniqoe doo-
decim Tersns heroici legantar apad Wema-
dorfiam poet. lat. min. t. 5, 1 p. 533.
Terrae mensuram a Theodoeio institataiii
cam praeter Dictnlain nemo memoret, dobhim
fiiit, an Theodosius I aut II operis aoctor
habendas sit; identidem ambigebatur, an yer-
8ua 7 'ter quinis aperit cum fascnbus annom'
ad consalatnm aut ad imperatoris regnum
spectet. Meermannufi 'fascîbus' mutavit in
'festibus', adhibito Lucani versu (10, 187)
Nec meus Eudoxi vincetur fastibus annus.
Sed nihil mutandum. apnd Dicuilum^fasci-
bus' ab omnibus tuetur codicibus, et simili
modo apud Aethicum ( p. 705 Gron.) legitur
* Caesar cum consulatus sui fasces erigeret'.
si igitur fasces de consulatu usurpare quis
velit, versus septimus non ad Theodosium I
referendus, quater tantum consulatu fimctum,
sed ad Theodosium II, quintum decimum con-
sulatum anno 435 p. C. n. ineuntem.
Hanc dubitationem sustulerunt Dicuili
verba, in initio operis (1, 1) posita 'in quinto-
XIU
decimo anno regni imperatoris Theodosii prae-
cepit iile suiş missis provintias meii8urari\
aed de imperatore nihil cerii affirmari potest.
Theodosii I annus decimus quintus incidit in
annum 393p.C.n., Theodosii II in annum 422.
Theodosium I, Magni cognomine insigni-
tnm, biennio ante mortem totius orbis men-
aurationem decrevisse, a vero haud alienum
esse videtur; eo spectant v. 1 'quo mundi
somma tenetur', v. 5 ' totus quem vix capii
orbis'. V. 10 ^toium comprendimus orbem'.
missorum aatem versus duodecim (5, 5) non-
nisi ad tabulae confectionem esse referendos
liquet; ingens mensurationis labor nequaquam
* mensibus exiguis' (v. 9) finiri poierai. tabu-
lam istam coloribus disiinciam fuisse docet
versus 8 'dam scribii pingit et alier'. quae
versu 9 memorantor ' veterum monnmenta' per-
tinere videntor ad Augusti chorographiam et
ad tabulas geographicus Ptolemaei, cuius in
Dicuili opere nuUam exiare meniionem iure
mireris.
XIV
Jn emendando Dicuili libello usui mihi
fuerunt codices tres:
D s= Dresdensis Regina D. 182. membri^'
neus, Bcriptus circa annum millesimum, de
quo cf. praefat. ad Jtiner. Antonini edid.
Parthey et Pinder pag. xviii. xix. hune co-
dioem ipse ezcnssi.
PssParisiensis Jmperialis 4806^ membrar
nens, saec. x, a Walckenaerio et Letronnio
adfaibitus, r(^atn meo a Paulo Meyer denno
inspectus.
FsYenetus Marcianns. Classis x. cod.
LXXXViii (xcvn. 2.) membraneus, saec. xv,
qnem Josephns Mâller cum Letronnii edi-
tione accurate contulit.
Homm codicum auctoritatem ubi dese-
ruerim in notis indicavi.
Reliquos serioris aevi et minoris pretii
codices in auxilium vocare haud operae pre-
tium visum est; sunt fere hi:
Matritensis Q. 129. saec. xiv vel xv. cf.
praef. ad Jtin. Anton. . p. xx,
Monacenses tres:
a) Palatinus 291, anni 1542,
b) Yictorianus 99, anni 1436,
c) Jesuiticus 13, saeculi xvi.
XV
Ozoniensis Canonicianus, saec. xv,
Bomanus Barberinianus 809, 8aec« xvi,
Yindobonenses tres:
a) Endiicher 331, saec. xyi,
b) Endiicher 332, saec. XYi,
c) Endiicher suppl. 14, saec. xv.
Dabam Berolini,
mense Octobri 1869.
Gustayus Parthey.
INCIPIT PROLOGVS LIBRI DE MENSVRA
ORBIS TERRAE.
PPlroL
ost congregatam epistolam de quae- 1
2 stionibus decern artis grammaticae cogi-
8 tăvi ut liber de mensura provintiarum or-
4 bis terrae sequeretur, secundum illorum
5 auctoritatem quos sanctus Theodosius im-
6 perator ad provintias praedictas mensuran-
7 das miserat, et iuxta Plinii Secundi prae-
8 claram auctoritatem ipsarum dimensionem
9 Yolo supplens ostendere.
10 Sed duabus causis contra temporum 2
11 rationem scripturam missonim Ţheodosii
12 verbis Plinii Secundi ordine scribendi prae-
18 pono, eo quod illi in duodenis novissime
J4 yersibus diligentius antiquis fecisse affîr-
15 mant et quod exemplaria codicum natura-
le lis historiae Plinii Secundi, quae scrutatus:
2 decim D 8 proymtîarnm] sic P, pronincianim DVţ
in aequentibua D P plerumque pronintia , V nonnunquam
etiam proninda, quod setnel monvitse tufJiciU 8 dimifl-
sionem D V
1*
fui, nimis a scriptoribus ultimorum tem- i
porum dissipata praevidi. 2
^ ' Sermones quidem praedictorum misso- 3
rum, quia nimis vitiose scripti sunt, quan- 4
turn potero corrigere curabo. 6
* At ubi in libris Plinii Secundi cor- 6
ruptos absque dubio numeros fieri cogno- 7
vero, loca eorum vacua interim fore fa- 8
ciam, ut, si non invenero certa exemplaria, 9
quicumque reppererit emendet. nam ubi io
dubitavero utrum cerţi nec ne sint numeri, ii
sicut certos crassabo, ut praedictus quis- 12
quis veros viderit veraciter corrigat. 18
5 Nulii stuporem praebere debet, quando 14
numerus milium inter Plinium Secundum 15
et missos imperatoris dissentit. quoniam ie
illi, sicut praedixi, quod intentius vere boc 17
opus perfecerunt quam veteres, testantur. 18
6 I. de Europa. 19
II. de Asia. 20
m. de Africa. 21
4 nimifl] sic WcUck., minns codd. 6 potaero D V
6 7 comiptus codd. 10 reppererit] sie DP Walci.,
repererit Letr, li emende V 12 certos crassabo]
jtc codd; certos crassabor Walck., caeteroB cassabo
Sase, Roqttefort, Letr. 12 18 praedictus quisquis
veros viderit] si quisquis meliora exemplaria invenerit.^, 1.
18 uero {corr. pr. num. ueros) D 15 milium] sic DV
Walck.f miUium Letr.; et sic porro 17 praedizit D
1, 1 Lctr. 6
1 IV. de Aegypto atque Aethiopia cum^roi.
8 iHius insulis. ^ ^
8 y. de longitudine ac latitudihe orbis
4 terrae versibusque missorum.
6 VI, de quinque fluminibus et aliis.
6 VII. de aliquibus nominatim insulis.
7 VIII. de latitudine et longitudine Tyr-
8 rheni marîs.
9 IX. de sex montibus.
, f
10 Jn quinto decimo anno regni impera- 1,1
11 toris Theodosii praecepit iile suiş missis
12 provintias orbis terrae in longitudinem et
13 latitudinem mensurari.
14 Terrarum orbis tribus dividitur nomi- 2
15 bus, Europa, Asia, Libia: quod divus Au-
le gustus primus omnium per chorografiam
17 ostendit.
18 Principium ergo erit omnibus ab Eu- 3
19 ropae freto quemque locum Graeci Hera-
20 cleostelas appellant. Hispaniarum igitur
1 egypto V et sic in sequentibus II ethiopia V et sie
porro 3 ac] at Z> 7 8 tyrreni D, terrenî V
15 Libia] sic codd.j Lybia Walck,j Libya Letr. II quod]
quem DV 16 chorographiam Letr, 19 20 Hera-
cleostelas] heracleos telas D V Walck.
^
6 1, 1 Letr.
provintiae tres ex eo loco ad montes Pyr- i
reneos per milia passuum dcccc in longi- 2
tudinem porriguBtur. eademque latitudo 8
in austro. sed qua contrahitur ccc pas- 4
suum videtur ita proxima a P^rreneis 6
montibus. 6
1,4 Citerior Cordubensis Bethica. prima 7
itaque provintia finitur ab oriente saltu 8
Cartaginiensi et Aquitania, ab occidente 9
oceano, a septentrione flumine Ana, a me- io
ridie mari Celtiberico. ii
5 nispania Lusitania cum Asturica et 12
Galletia finitur ab oriente Noecantrum, 13
quae est ad mare oceanum in directa re- 14
gione, ab occasu afflatacum, a septentrione 1^
oceano, a meridie flumine Ana. patet in 16
longitudinem milia passuum CCCCLXXX, in 17
latitudinem CCCCL. is
1 2 Pyrreneos] sic D, p3rrrenaeo8 P, pyreneos V
2 3 longitudine DV 8 porrigitur P 4 qua]
quia DV 6 Pyrreneis] sic D Waîck.y pyrrenaeis P,
pyrenaeis VLetr. 7 Citerior] nlterior Letr. II Bethica]
tic D V Walck.f baethica P, Baetica Letr. 8 saltu]
situ Letr. 9 Cartaginiensi] sic DP Walck.f cartagi-
nensi Vj Carthaginiensi Letr, II Aquitania] Mavitania
Letr. 10 septemtrione D et sic porro 13 Galletia]
sic DPf gallecia V, Gallaetia Letr. II Koecantrum] Noica
Cantiibmm Voss.^, Noica Asturum Letr. 14 directa]
dicta Voss. 15 afflatacnm] sic DPy afSata cum V,
afflata Walck.f Atlantice Voss. Letr.
1, 1. 2 Letr. 7
1 Hispania ulterior finitur ab oriente saitu
2 Pyrreneo, ab occidenie Noîca quae est ad
d oceanum in directa, a septentrione oceano,
4 a meridie mari Celtiberico. longitudo d,
5 latitudo CG.
6 Qallia Comata cum insulis Brittanicis 1,6
7 finitur ab oriente flumine Rheno, ab occi-
8 dente Pyrreneo, a septentrione oceano mari,
9 a meridie Rhodano et montibus Cebenni-
10 cis. longitudine mii. pass. dggccxxyiu, la-
11 titudine gcglxui. iuxta Plinium Secun*-
12 dum in quarto libro in longitudinem
18 DCOGGXX, in latitudinem GGG VIII.
14 Provinţia Narbonensis finitur ab oriente 7
15 Alpibus, ab occidente saltu Pyrreneo, a
16 septentrione finibus Yiennensium et monti-
17 bus Cebennicis, a meridie mari Gallico.
18 longitudo milia passuum GOGXXXIV, latitudo
19 CLXXXYIIIL iuxta Plinium Secundum in
20 eodem longitudinem provintiae Narbonensis
21 GGGLXX passuum Agrippa tradidit, latitu-
22 dinem CCCXLViii.
1 ulterior] citerior J^etr, 2 Pyrreneo] tic DV Walck.,
pjrrenaeo P, Pyrenaeo Letr, et aio deincepa 4 mari
om, editi li longitado om. codd., add. Letr, II post d
ediii addunt m. p. 6 post co Walck, add, m. p.
6 Brittanicis] aic codd., Britannicia Letr, 9 rodano V
10 mii. pasa. om. Letr, 11 Plinium] cf. Plin, 4, 106,
vbi nti^gfrt a sequentibua diverşi leguntur, 18 latitu-
dine D 15 hoccidente D 21 passuum om. Letr,
li Agrippa] apud Plin, 3, 37.
S 1,3 Letr.
1,8 Jtalia finitar ab oriente mare Ponto, i
ab occîdente Alpibua et flumine Taro, a 2
septentrione mari Adriatico et jBiumine Arsia, s
a meridie mari Tyrrhenico. longitudo de- 4
cies centum, latitudo CCCCXX, qua contra- 5
hitur LX, iuxta Plinium Secundam in eodem. 6
9 Jtalia dein primumque eios Jjiguria, 7
mox Etruria, Umbria, Latiom: ibi Tybe- 8
rina ostia et Roma terrarumcaput xvi mi- 9
lium passuum intervallo a mari. Yolscum 10
postea litus et Campania: Picentinum inde 11
ac Lucanum Brutuumque, quo longissime 12
in meridiem ab Alpium pene lunatis iugis 18
in măria excurrit Jtalia. ab eo Greciae 14
ora, mox Salentini, Peduculi, Apulii, Pe- 15
1 mare Ponto] mari Jonio Letr. 2 Taro] sic DP
Walch,^ tare T, Varo Letr. 4 tyrrhennico D Walck.^
tirrhenico V 4-6 longitudo — eodem] occurctHores
swnt numeri infra (6^ 18 agq.) e Plinio allegati. 6 6 post
numeros e'diti addwnt m. p. 7 Jtalia-p. 9, 3 Libami]
cf. Plin. 3, 38 7 dein — Liguria] dehinc primiqiie
eios Lignres. Plin. 8 et traria JDV II umbra V
8 9 Tyberina] sic J>V Walck., tyberiana (corr. tybe-
rina) P, Tiberina Letr. 9 10 milinm addidi e Plinio,
10 Yolscorum Letr. cum Plinio 11 Campaniae Letr.
cwn Plinio. 12 ac] ad F ii Brutuumque] bmtunm
que A bruttnum que PV, Brutiumque Walck., Brut-
tiumque Letr. cum Plinio 18 pene] fine Walck. ii lu-
natis] sic editi, lucratis DV, luratis P 14 Jtalia]
sic editif italiae /)P, italie V II eo] sic Letr., ego eodd.,
Egeo Walck, II Greciae] sic DP, grecie V, Graeciae editi,
€t sic porro, 16 mox] momm V ii PedicuU Letr.
cwn Plmio
l,8-6Letr. 9
1 ligni, Freniani, Marrucini, Vestini, Abini,
2 Pîcentes, Galii, Umbri, Tusei, Veneti, Carni,
3 Lapudes, Histri, Libumi.
4 Jdem post paiica: longitudo Jtaliae de- 1,10
5 cies centena et xx mii. passuum. multo
6 amplior mensura fieret Lacinium usque, ni
7 talis obliquitas in latus digredi videretur.
8 latitudo eius varia est, CCCCX milium inter
9 duo mana, Inferum et Superum, amnesque
10 Vâram atque Arsiam.
11 Rhetia minor, Noricus, Pannonia, JUi- 11
12 ricum. Dalmaţia, Liburnia finiunt ab oriente
is Dardania, ab occidente flumine Rheno, a
14 septentrione flumine Dantibio, a meridie mari
15 Adriatico. longitudo m. pm. DCXXXiii, lati-
16 tudo CCCXXI.
17 Epirus, Achaia, Attica, Thessalia. hae 12
18 finiuntur ab oriente mari Aegaeo, ab occi-
19 dente mari Adriatico, a septentrione mon-
20 tibus Cercerio, Olympo, Pelio, a meridie
1 Preniani] sic D V Walck., frenSni P, Frentanî Letr,
cum Plinio II uestim V II Abini] Sabini Letr, cum Plinio
3 Lapndes] Japjdes Letr. cum Plinio 4 Jdem] cf.
Plin, 3, 43 '5 mii. om. codd. 6 Lacinium] sic editi
cum Plinio j si a Lacinio codd. 10 Vâram] Varnm
Letr. cum Plinio 11 Rhetia] sicDP, rhecia F, Rethia
Walck.f Rhaetia Ze^r. If mitior D, micior V 11 12 Jl-
liriciim] «ic i) F, illyricnm reZ»^» 18 reno V 17 Epi-
rns]5t(; editij Pyrns D F, pirus P II thessalica D V W hec V
18 egeo DV 19 hadriatico DP 20 Cereetio Letr.
10 1, 6. 6 Letr.
ab Egeotusco mari. patens in longitudî- i
nem m. p. ccccx, in latitudinem CCOLXXV. 2
iuxta Plinium Secundam in quinto in Ion- 3
gitudinem m. p. ccccxxx, in latitudinem 4
CCCLXXXVn. 6
1' ^^ Macedonia, Tracia, Hellespontus et pars 6
sinistrior Ponţi, haec finiuntur ab oriente 7
mari Pontico, ab occidente desertis Dar- 8
daniae, a septentrione flumine Histro. pa- 9
tent in longitudinem m. pm. DGCXZ, in la- io
titudinem CCCLXXXI iuxta Plinium Secun- ii
dum in eodem. 12
14 Promuntorium Crysone aeras, in quo 13
oppidum Byzantium liberae conditionis, u
antea Logos dictum, abest a Dyrrachio 15
DCCXi passuum. tantum patet longitudo 16
terrarum inter Adriaticum mare et Pro- 17
pontidem. 18
1 Egeotusco] sic P, entoaco /), eatusio Vy Aegaeo-
tuBCO Letr. II patent P editi 8 Plinium] m&MWM ae-
quentes apttd Plinium frustra quqesivi 4 m. p. om. PV
ii ccocxxx in latitudinem om. V 6 Tracia] sic D V,
trachia P, Thrachia fValck.j Thracia Letr, 7 sini-
sterior D F II hec Z), he V 9-12 patent- eodem]
apud Plinium non leguntur 9 10 patens D V 10 lon-
gitudine FII m. pm.] mp V 18-18 cf. Solin. 10, 17
13 Promuntorium] sic PV, promunctorium D, Promon-
torium Letr, II Crysone aeras] sic D P, crusone aenas F,
Chryseon Ceras Letr,, Ceras Ohiyseon Solin, 14 librae D,
libre PV 15 Lygos Letr, cum Solino 16 paa-
suum om, V 17 adrraticum D
1, 7. 8 Letr. H
1 Germania omnis et Gothia finiuntur ab 1,15
2 oriente flumine Hiustia, ab occidente flu-
8 mine Rheno, a septentrione oceano, a me-
4 ridie flumine Danubio. patens in longi-
6 tudinem m. pm. circiter dcco, in latitudi-
6 nem cccLXXXiiii.
7 Datia et Alania finiuntur ab oriente 16
8 desertis Sarmatiae, ab occidente flumine
9 Hiustia, a septentrione oceano, a meridie
flumine Histro. patens in iongitudinem
1 decies centum milia, latitudo qua cogno*
2 8citur CCCLXXXVI, iuxta Plinium Secundum
8 in secundo.
4 Agrippa totum eum tractum ab Histro 17
5 ad oceanum bis decies centum milium pas-
6 suum in longitudine, quattuor CCCC milibus
7 in latitudine ad flumen Hiustia a desertis
8 Sarmatiae prodidit.
9 Sarmatia, Scithia, Taurica. hae finiun- 18
1 onmis et] omnisqne DV W Gottbia Letr, 2 Hiustia]
Yistla Letr. 3 reno V 4 patent editi 7 Datia]
sic Py dathia DV^ Dacia Letr, 8 samartie V
9 Hiustia] Yistla Letr, 10 patens- 13 secundo] apud
Plinium non leguntur 10 patent editi II longitudine D V
12 post cognoscitur editi add. m. p. 14 Agrippa —
18 prodidit] Plin. 4j 81 14 eum] ee i. e. esse V
1& deciens Plin, 16 quattuor cccc milibus] iv cccc mi-
lium Plin, II quattuor] sic D, quatuor reliqvi 1 7 Hiustia]
Vistlam Letr. cum Plinio 18 sarmacie V 19 sar-
macia V II Scithia] sic dedi, Bcythia codd. et editi II hae]
hec F
12 1, 8. 2, 1 Letr.
tar ab oriente iugis montis Caucasi et mari t
Caspio, ab occidente flumine Boristhene, %
a septentrione oceano, a meridie provinţia 8
Pontica, longitudo m. p. dcccclxxx, la- 4
titudo DCCXV. ' 5
1} 19 Arraoenia maior et mare Caspium qnae 6
circa gentes sunt ad oceanum, finiuntur ab 7
oriente oceano Serico, ab occidente iugis 8
montis Caucasi et mari Caspio, a septen- 9
trione oceano, a meridie monte Tauro. in io
longitudinem m. p. CCCCLXXX, in latitudi- n
nem CCLXXX. 12
2, 1 Asiae pars citerior finitur ab oriente is
litoribus Asiae, ab occidente Grecia, a 14
septentrione mari Aegeo, a meridie Cre- 16
tico et Carpbatico. longitudo m. p. DCC, 16
latitudo cccc. 17
2 Asiae pars superior finitur ab oriente 18
Armoenia minore, ab occidente finibus 19
Phrigiae, Licaoniae, Pampbiliae, a septen- 20
2 Boristhene] sic dedij boristene codd.j Borysthene
Letr, 6 Armoenia] sic DP^ armenia V Letr. II ante
quae Salm. et Letr. add, et 9 montibus D V 1 8 ci-
teriae D 14 litoribus] finibus Salm, Letr, II post Asiae
Letr. add. superioris 15 Aegeo] sic DP, egeo V;
Aegaeo Letr. et sic deinceps 16 Carpbatico] sic PV,
carpbatico JO, Carpatico Letr. 19 Armoenia] sic P,
armeni: D, armenia V Letr. li minore] unore (corr,
munore) D 20 phrrgiae i>, phrygie PVj Phrygiae
editi II Licaoniae] sic P Vy lycaoniae reliqui ti Pamphyliae
Letr.
2, 1. 2 Letr. 18
1 trione provinţia Pontica, a m€ridie mari
2 Pamphilico quod inter Cyprum et Ciliciam
3 est. longitudo m. pm. dxxx, latitudo
4 cccxx, iuxta Plinium Secundum in quinto.
5 Et quae proprie yocatur Asia, in duas 2,3
6 eam partes Agrippa divisit. unam in-
7 clusit ab oriente Pbrigia, Licaonia, ab oc-
s cidente mari Aegeo. huius longitudinem
9 CCCCLXX, latitudinem cccxx fecit. alteram
10 determinavit ab oriente Armoenia minore,
11 ab oceidente Phrigia^ Licaonia, Pamphilia,
12 a septentrione provinţia Pontica, a meridie
13 mari Pamphilico : longitudinem dlxxv m. p.,
14 latitudinem cccxxv.
15 Syria finitur ab oriente flumine Eu- 4
16 phrate, ab oceidente mari Aegyptio, a se-
17 ptentrione mari quod inter Cyprum et Sy-
18 riam est, a meridie Arabia quae est inter
19 mare Rubrum et sinum Arabicum. huius
2 Pamphylico Letr. 8 longitudo -4 quinto] apud
plinium non legtmtur 5-14 cf. Plin. 6, 102 5 et
qnae] atque (fiorr. sec. man. ea qne) V 6 eam om. P
7 phrygia P Letr. ti Licaonia] sic dedi, Ijcaonia codd.
et editi 8 mare DP ti post Aegseo legitvr apud Pip-
nivm a meridie Aegyptio, a septentrione Paphlagonia
9 post ccccLXX Letr. add. m. p. 10 Armoenia] sic DP,
annenia V Letr., et sic tn sequentibus 11 Phiygia
editi li Licaonia] sic V, licaonica DP, Lycaonia editi
llPamphUia] a pamfiUa DV 13 Pamphylico Letr.
W longitudinem] longam P/m. ii m. p. om. PV 14 latitu-
dinem] latam Plin. 15 16 eufrate DV
14 2, 8-5Letr.
spacium patet in longitadioem CCCCLXX, i
in latitudinem CLXXV. 2
2,5 Arabia Eudemon Plecmea inter duos 8
sinus, Arabicum et Persicum, itemque citra 4
Arabicum Trogoditen Arabiam Aegypto 6
proxima, hae finiuntor ab oriente solis s
sinu Persico, ab occidente Nilo, a septen- 7
trione Pharon et Vab Arabia, a meridie 8
oceano EriHiro. patet in longitudinem m. 9
pm. decies centum LX, in latitudinem io
DCCCCXXX. 11
6 Mesopotamia, Babillonia,Chaldeafiniun- i»
tur ab oriente flumine Tigri, ab occidente is
flumine Euphrate^ a septentrione monte 14
Tauro, a meridie mari Persico. longitudo i&
m. p. DCCCC, latitudo CCCLX: iuxtaPUnium i&
Secundum eadem mensura est. 17
7 Moedia, Parthia, Persis finiuntur ab is
oriente flumine Jndo, ab occidente flumine 19
1 spacium] sic V, spatinm reliqui ii longitudine PV
2 latitudine PV 8 Eudaemon Letr. li Phlecmea Waîck.
Phlegmaea Letr, 5 Trogodyte Walck,, Trogo-
dytis 8aîm. Letr, li Arabia editi 8 Pharan Letr,
ii Vab] Petraea Salm,, Kabathaea Letr. 9 Erithro]
sic DP, erithro F, Eiythraeo Letr. ii longitudine codd.
9 10 m. pm.] milia pasauum Walch.y millia passuum
Letr, 10 latitudine codd. 12 Babillonia] sic DP,
babilonia F, Babylonia Letr, li Ghaldaea Letr. 18 trigri D
16 longitudo - 17 est] aipttd Plinium non leguntur
18 Moedia -p. 15| 4 est] cf, Agrippa cgpud Plin. 6, 137;
sed discrqfant numeri 18 Moedia] «te DP, media V
editi II phartia D
2, 5. 6. 3, 1. 2 Letr. 15
1 Tigri, a septentrione monte Tauro, a me-
2 ridie mari Rubro. longitudom.pm.DCCCCXX,
8 latitado CCCCXXI: iuxta Plinium Secundum
4 eadem mensura est.
5 Jndia ulterior finitur ab oriente fla- 2,8
6 mine Gange et oceano Jndico, ab occi-
7 dente flumine Jndo, a septentrione monte
8 Tauro, a meridie oceano Jndico. longi-
9 tado deeies centum milia, latitado tri-
10 ^es XXX.
11 Gaulalia et Mauritania finiuţitur ab 3,1
12 oriente flumine Amsaga, ab occidente
18 oceano Athlantico, a septentrione mari
14 Africo, a meridie mari oceano Aethiopico.
16 in longitudinem m. p. CCCCLXII, in latitu-
16 dinem duodecies XXX. iuxta Plinium Se-
17 cundum in tertio utriusque Mauritaniae
18 longitudo m. p. CCCCLXXX, latitudo ccCLXvm.
19 Numidia et Africa Cartaginensis finiun- 2
20 tur ab oriente Syrti minore, ab occidente
21 flumine Amsaga, a septentrione mari Africo,
1 trigri D 6 Gange] grande DV 6 ab occidente
-8 Jndico] <m. V 9 10 trigies (c supra g) V
11 ganlia P 12 Ampsaga Letr, 18 Atlantico Letr,
15 longitudine codd. 15 16 latitudine oodd,^ et sic
nounmmqttam 16 iuxta- 18 CGCiiXym] utriusque Mau-
letaniae longitudo x . xxxvui m, latitudo cccciiXyn m. p.
Fim. 5, 21 ' 17 tertio] quinto Xe«r. II manritanie P,
mauritania DV 19 Garthaginenus Letr. 21 Am-
psaga Letr,
16 8, 2>4. 4, 1 Leir.
a meridie oceano. longîtudo dlxxx m. p., i
latitudo CC: iuzta Pliaium Secundum ea- 2
dem mensura est. 8
3,3 Jdem dicit in sexto: Afiricae (ut media 4
ex omni varietate prudentium sumatur corn- 5
putatio) efficit longitado c trigies et quater 6
et LXX VIII mii. passuum, latitudo qua co- 7
litur nusquam CCL excedit. 8
4 • Mensuram Tripolitanae provintiae inter 9
duas Syrtes, et mensuram Libiae Cirina- io
ciae cum sua Pentapolitanae provinţia ne- ii
quaquam adhuc scriptam repperi secon- 12
dum Theodosii missos. i3
4, 1 Aepyptus inferior finitur ab oriente Sce- 14
nitarum Arabia Trogodite, ab occident^ Libia 15
deşerta, a septentrione mari Aegyptio, a me- ie
ridie Aethiopia. longitudo m. pm. ccCLxmi, 17
latitudo CLXVU, iuxta Plinium Secundum 18
in eodem. 19
1 longitudo - 3 est] Plin. 5, 25 1 m. p. om. P V
2 Secundum] sic J), om. PV editi 4 Jdem] Plin. 6, 208
6 pradentiom] sic DP^ pradencium F, prodentiam editi
cum Plinio 6 7 trigies et quater et lxxviii] XXXVII. XGIV
Plin. li quater] quat' V, quat. P 7 mii. om. codd.
10 Libyae Letr. 10 11 Cirinapiae sic Walch.j cyri-
nacae DP^ cyrinace V, CTrenaicae Letr. 11 Penta-
politana editi 12 reper! V Letr. 15 Trogodyte Letr.
ii Libia] sic V, lybia Z)P, Libya Letr. 16 egypcio F,
aegeo P 17 lougitudo -19 eodem] apud Plinium non
inveni.
4, 1 Letr. 17
1 Longitudinem Aegypti superioris cum 4,2
2 8ua Aethiopia o decies et quater et semel
8 LXX passuum, latitudinem Aethiopiae et
4 Aegypti superioris dcccclvii passuum
5 Agrippa existimayit.
6 Aethiopia ab oriente faiberuo ad occi- 3
7 dentem hibernum. meridiano cardine sil-
8 vae ebeno maxime virent. a media eius
9 parte imminens mari mons excelsus aeter-
10 nis ardet ignibus, Tfaeonocemma dictus a
11 Grecis, a quo navigatione quatridui pro-
12 muntorium Hesperuceras vocatur, confine
16 Africae iuxta Aethiopas Hesperios. qui*
14 dam et in eo tractu modicos coUes amoena
15 opacitate vestitos Aegipanum Satirorumque
16 produnt. insulas toto eo mari et Ephorus
17 complures esse tradidit et Eudoxiis et Ti-
18 mostenes, Clitarchus vero Alexandro regi
19 renuntiat
• • a •
1 Longitudinem - 5 existimavit] cf. Plin, 6^ 19 6 j sed
discrq)ant numeri 6-19 cf. Plin. 6y 197. 198 6 Ae-
thiopia] Sita est Aethiopia Plin. 6 7 ad occidentem^
sic editif ab occid^ntem P, ab orientem 2>, ad orien-
tem V 7 8 sylvae Letr. 8 ebeno] sic corr. P
editif eueno reliqui 10 ardent V li Theonochema ediii
cum Plinio 11 12 promuntorinm] sic P V, promon-
tOTÎnm reliqui 13 hesperij ceras V 15 opacitate] sic
Letr. cum Plin., capatitate codd., capacitate Walck. II sa-
^ornmqne editi 17 18 Timosthenes Letr. 18 Glitar-^
chas] sic Letr., clitharcas DP, clitbarchns V 19 post
rennntiat Imcunam indicavi; Plinius (&, 198) nonnulla, a
Dicuilo perperam omissa addit
2
18 5, 1 Letr.
5,1 Jdem dicit ia tertio: pars nostrarum i
terrarum de qua commemoro, ambienti ut 2
dictum est oceano velut innatans, longis- 8
sime ab ortu ad occasum patet, hoc est 4
ab Jndia ad Herculis columnas Gadibas 5
sacratas, centum mii. sexagies et sexies et 6
XXXta simpliciter triginta milia passaum, 7
ut Artemidoro auctori placet. 8
2 Jdem post pauca dicit: latitudo autem 9
terrae a meridiano situ ad septentriones io
dimidio ferme minor colligitur trigies ii
atque ter et XLvm simpliciter milia pas- 12
suum. quo palam fit, quantum et hinc 18
vapor abstulerit et illinc liquor. neque 14
enim deesse terris arbitror aut non esse 15
globi formam, sed inhabitabilia utrimque 16
incomperta esse. 17
3 Si numeremus praescriptam longitudi- 18
1 Jdem -8 placet] Plin. 2, 242 1 tertio] flecundo
Letr, II Dostraram] nostra Plin. ^ 2 commemoro]
xnemoro Plin, 6 sacratis codă. 7 simpli-
citer triginta om. Plin, 8 arte idoro V 9 Jdem
'17 esse] Plin, 2^ 245 10 a om. codd. ii septentrio-
nem editi 11 minor] om, codd.^ addidi ex Plinio
li colligitur] coUigit cum codd, 12 simpliciter om. Plin.
14 liquor] rigor Plin. 16 utrimque] sic D, utrum-
que PV Letr, 18 Si numeremus-p. 19, 8 caloris]
Dicuili in numeris errorem bene explicavit Letronnius.
(p. 81) quae apud Plinium {2, 242) legitur terrae lon-
gitndo est LXXXV . LXXVni miL passuum, i. e. octuagies
quinquies centena septuaginta octo (8678). Dicuil autem
numeros lxxxv et Lzxvni inter se mnltiplicavit, quae
5, 1. 2 Letr. 19
1 nem ab orientali parte Jndiae usque ad
2 Gaâes insulas per miliaria signa, verbi
8 gratia per • lapides miliarios terminantes
4 fiingali singula^ milia passuum vi et dCXXX
6 erunt, latitudinem vero a septentrionali in
6 australem m et cccXLvm, praetermissis
7 praedictis partibus intolerabilis frigoris
8 atque caloris.
9 Mensuratio orbis terrae finit.
10 Duodecim versus praedictorum misso- 5,4
11 rum de imperante Theodosio boc opus fieri
12 incipiunt:
18 Hoc opus egregium, quo mundi summa 1
14 tenetur,
15 Aequora, quo montes, fluvii, portus^ freta 2
16 et urbes
17 Signantur, cunctis ut sit cognoscere 3
18 promptum,
19 Quicquid ubique latet, clemens genus, 4
20 inclita proles,
efficiunt 6630. terrae latitudo est apud Plinium (2, 245)
LXIII . LXII m. p. i. e. qninqnagies et quater oentena et
sej^aginta duo. (5462) apnd Dicnilum numeri um et
Lxu inter se multiplicaţi efAciunt 8348.
4 vT] sic Letr,, VÎÎ coâd, 6 post cccxLvin Letr.
add. m. lapidum 7 intollerabilis 2> 11 impetrante V
II fieri] feliciter Meermann 13 mundi quo summa Pi'
thoeus 15 aequora quo et montes Pithoeus 20 in-
clyta Letr.
20 5* 2 Letr.
5 Ac per saecla piu8, totus quem viz capit i
orbis, 2
6 Theodosius princeps venerando iussit 3
ab ore 4
7 Conâci, ter quinis aperit cum fascibus 6
annum. 6
8 Supplices hoc famuli, dum scribit pingit 7
et alter, 8
9 Mensibu8 exiguis, veterum monumenta 9
secuti^ 10
10 Jn melius reparexnus opus culpamque 11
priorem 12
11 Tullimus ac totum breviter comprendi- is
mus orbem: ii
12 Sed tamen hoc tua nos docuit sapientia, 15
princeps. 16
5,5 Non debet mirări quod in primo loco 17
septimi et octavi versus istorum amphi- 18
machrus scriptus est, quoniam ut reor non 19
împeritia sed auctoritate aliorum poetarum 20
et maxime Yirgilii, quem in talibus causis 21
noster simulavit Sedulius, qui in heroicis 22
carminibus raro pedes alienos ab illis^po- 28
suerunt. 24
1 secla V 6 confici ter] conficitur V, conficier Pi-
ihoeuB II fastibua Letr, 7 supplice Pithoew 9 mo-
nimentaPF 11 reparamuB Letr. 13 tollimns Letr,
18 14 comprehendimus P F 18 verstus] versuam 3f6er-
mann 18 19 amphimacrns Letr. 19 nt] id Meer-
mann 20 inpericia F, inperitia P
6, 1 Letr. 21
1 Juxta Plinium Secundum numerorum 6,1
2 loca quae in prologo praedixi relinquere
3 yacua, repertis iUis siipplevi. sed si quis-
4 quis meliora exemplaria invenerit, videat
5 si placuerit ne piger corrigere fuerit.
6 Plinius Secundus in quinto de flnmine 2
7 Nilo haec narrat: proxima Africae colitur
8 Aegyptus introrsus ad meridiem recedens,
9 donec a tergo praetendantur Aethiopes.
10 inferiorem eiiis partem Nilus dextra leva-^
11 que divisus ămplexu suo determinat, Ca-
12 nopico ostio ab Africa, ab Asia Pelusiaco,
18 CGLXX milium passuum intervallo. quam
14 ob cansam inter insulas quidam Aegyptum
16 retulere*, ita se findente Nilo ut triquetram
16 terrae figuram efficiat: ideoque mulţi gre-
17 cae litterae vocabulo Delta appellavere
18 Aegyptum. mensura ab unitate alvei, unde 3
19 se piimum findit in latera^ ad Canopicum
20 ostium CLXYi passuum, ad Pelusiacum
21 CLXVi pass. summa pars contermina Ae-
22 thiopiae Thebais vocatur.
2 in prologo] tf, prol, 4 7 proxima -22 voca-
tur] Plin, â, 48 7 incolitnr Letr. cum Plinio 1 8 ccixx
milium] sic dedif CCLXX codd.f ccLxx milia Walck.^
ccLxx milHa Letr, 15 retulere] retule DV W ita] in V
ii ut triquetram] sic ediii, utrnmque iam codd. 16 mulţi]
multa DV 17 appelluere P, appellauere uere V
19 ad] et 2>r 20 hostium D II CLXvi] cxlvi Plin^
21 CLXVi] CCLXVÎ D V \\ post CLXvi pass. P/i'n. add, est
22 6, 1 Letr.
((,4 Nilus incipit crescere a luna nova, i
quaecumque post solstitium est, sensim 2
modiceque cancrum sole transeunte, abun- 8
dantissime autem leonem, et residit in vir- 4
gine isdem qpibus accrevit modis. in to- 5
turn autem revocatur intra ripas in libra, 6
5 ut tradit Herodotus, centesimo die. quo 7
crescit, reges aut praefectos navigare eo s
nefas diiudicatum est. auctus per puteos 9
mensurae notis deprehenditur. iustum in- io
crementum cubitorum XYI est. minores ii
aquae non omnia rigant, ampliores detinent 12
tardius recedendo. hae serendi tempora I8
assumunt solo madente, illae non dant 14
sitiente: utrumque reputat provinţia, in 16
duodecim cubitis famem sentit, in xin esurit : 16
XIIII cubiti hilaritatem afferunt, xv securi- 17
tatem, xvi delicias. maximum incrementum I8
ab hoc aevo fuit cubitorum xvii Claudio 19
1 Nilus -p. 38, 6 auras] Plin, 5, 67. 58 1 a om. Plin.
8 modice quae P 5 isdem] eic DP^ hisdem Vy iis-
dem editi cum Plin, 7 qno] cum Plin. 8 aut] sic
Letr., autem codd.f autem et Walck. li praefecti D V
9 iudicatum Plin. 10 deprehenduntur Letr. cum Plin.
11 est 01». P editi; Plinitu ponit ante cubitorum 18 hae
serendi] sic Letr. cum Plin., herendo codd., haerendo
Walck. 14 apsumunt Plin. II noa dant] iuundant V
15 ntrumqae] sic Letr., utrimque codd. II reputatur P
16 post xui Plinius addit etiamnum 17 cubita Plin.
18 incremiifiM D 19 ab] =d I), ad Letr. cum Plinio
II hoc] hm D II aevi Letr. II xvii] xviii Plin. II Claudio]
Cliiitiiiii i)
6, 1. 2 Letr. 23
1 principe, minimum v Farsalico bello, ve-
2 Iuti necem Magni prodigio quodam flumine
8 aversante. cum stetere aquae, apertis mo-
4 libiis admittuntur: ut quaeque liberata est
5 terra seritur. idem amnis unus omnium
6 nuUas expirat auras.
7 Juiius Solinus in coUectaneis de eodem 6, 6
8 Nilo nuntiat: Aegyptus ad meridiem in-
9 trorsus recedit quoad praehendunt Aethio-
10 pes a tergo. interiorem eius partem Nilus
11 circumfluit, qui scissus a loco cui Delta
12 nomen est ad insulae faciem spatia am-
18 plectitur interamna et incerto pene fonte
U decurrens proditur, ut loquemur. originem 7
15 habet a monte inferioris Mauritaniae^ qui
16 oceano propinquat. boc adfirmant punici
17 libri, hoc Jubam regem accipimus tradi-
18 disse. igitur protinus lacum efficit, quem
19 Nilidem dicunt. Nilum autem iam inde
20 esse coniciunt, quod hoc stagnum berbas,
1 Pharsalico Letr, 2 Magni] sic Letr. cum Plimo,
magno reliqui 8 4 molibns] sic corr, P Letr,, mori-
bns /> V, montibQB Walck. 4 amittuntar V 6 aures
(corr. anras) P 8 Aegyptus -p. 25, 15 mari] cf. Solin.
32, 1-8 9 quoad praehendunt] sic D, quo appre-
bendnnt P V, quoad praetendant Letr. cum Solino 1 in-
feriorem Plin. â, 48 et Solin. 15 Mauretaniae Solin,
16 adfirmant] sic D, affirmant reliqui 19 niliden V
30 coniciunt] Wc P K, coniiciunt re^igtit 20-p. 24, 1 stag-
num herbis piscibus belvis nihil minus procreet Solin.
24 6, 2 Letr.
pisces, belluas nibil minus procreat quam i
6, 8 in Nilo videmus. quando Mauritania, unde 2
origo eius, a nivibus densioribus aut ym- 3
bribus largioribus inrigatur, inde incrementa 4
exundationis in Aegypto augentur. sed effu- 5
sus boc lacu harenis sorbetur et cuniculis 6
9 cecis absconditur: deinde in Caesariensi 7
specu prorumpens sanţliora eadem indicia 8
praefert quae in exortum notavimus, rur- 9
susque subsidii, nec se prius reddit quam lO
post intervalla itineris extenti contingat ii
Aethiopas, ubi exit et Nigrum facit fluvium, 12
quem supra diximus esse terminum limitis 18
Africani. Astapum eum inde gentes vocant, 14
scilicet aquam e tenebris profluentem^ 16
10 Multas magnasque ambit insulas, qua- ie
rum pleraeque sunt tam diffusae et vastae n
1 belluas] sic 7^ 45 et editi^ belnal codd. II nichil V
2 3 videmus ac si quando Maiiretania, unde origo eius
est, aut nivibus Solin, 2 Mauritania] sic Letr,y mau>
ritaniae D, -ic PV II unde] sic Letr., undique codd»
8 4 imbribus editi 4 inrigatur] sic DP, irrigatur Letr.
II inde] sic editi, unde codd., om. Solin. 5 augeantur
Solin. 6 hoc lacu] a boc lacu />, ab hoc lacu V
llbarenis] sic P, arhenis J), arenis reliqui 7 cecis]
sic D V, caecis Letr. II Caesariensis Letr. 8 specu]
sic codd.y quod Mommsenus vindicavit Solino, pe de Letr,
II ampliora] sic codd.^ amplior Letr,, ampliore Mommsenus
coniecit in Solin. 9 exortu Solin, li notabimus D V
10 11 quam post] postquam PV 12 Nigrim Solin.
14 eum] cum V II inde gentes] indigenae Z<e^., indigetes
Momms. eoni. in Solin. 17 diffusae et] sic Letr. cum
Solino, diffusae (om., et) codd,, uncis inclusit Mommsenus,
6, 2. 3 Letr. 25
1 magnitudinis , ut vix eas dierum quinque
2 cursus praetermeet, quamvis concitus ibi
8 feratur. nobilissima earum est Meroe, cir-
4 cum quam divisus dextero alveo Astisapes,
5 levo Astabores nominantur. tune quoque
6 emensus magna longinqua, cum primum
7 occurrentibus scopulis asperatur, tantis
8 agminibus extollitur inter obiecta rupium,
9 ut ruere potius quam manare credatur:
10 demumque a cataracte ultimo tutus est.
11 ita enim quaedam claustra eius Aegyptii 6,11
12 nuncupant. relicto tamen hoc poue se no-
18 mine, quod Giris vocatur, mox inoffensus
14 meat. septem ostiis conditur, in septen-
16 trionem versus excipitur Aegyptio mari.
16 Quanquam in libriş alicuius auctoris 12
17 fiuminis Nili partem in Kubrum mare exire
18 nequaquam legimus, tamen ai&rmans Fi-
19 delis frâter meo magistro Suibneo narravit
20 coram me (cui, si profeci quicquid, post
21 denm imputo)^ quod adorationis causa in
2 cursa Solin. 4 Astosapes Solin., Astusapes Letr.
6 Astabores Letr. II nominatur Solin. 7 scopolis {corr.
scopulis) P II tantis om. P 7 8 agminibus tantis Letr,
10 cataracte] caracte DV 12 hoc pone se] sic Solin.,
ac ponere se codd.y hoc priore suo Letr. 18 Giris]
Nigris Solin. 14 ostiis] sic corr, P tt editif ostendiis
codd. II creditur V li in om, editi 14 15 septentrio-
nem] meridiem Solin. 15 post versus editi add, et
20 quicquid] sic P F, erat quidquid' 21 causara PF
26 6| 8 Letr.
urbe Jerusalem clerici et laici .... habitaria i
6)13 usque ad Nilum velificaverunt. deinde in 2
Nilo longe navigando septem horrea se- s
cundum numerum annorum habundantiae, 4
quae sanctus Joseph fecerat, de longinquo 6
admirantes, tamquam montes viderunt^ quat- 6
tuor in uno loco ac tria in altero. 7
14 Hinc ad horrea tria miraculi causa va- 8
dentes leonem et octo homines viros atque 9
feminas iuxta illa mortuos invenerunt. leo io
sua fbrtitudine occidit illos: illi hastis et ii
gladiis ipsum interfecerunt , quia deşerta 12
utraque loca sunt in quibus horrea septem ia
constructa fuerant. 14
15 Post haec diligenter considerando tria 15
horrea iterum mirabantur, a principio fun- ie
damenti usque ad finem altitudinis illorum 17
omnino lapidea fieri, illa in inferiore parte ig
quadrata facta sunt, in superiore vero ro- 19
tundă: in fine sublimitatis quasi gracile 20
1 Jerusalem] sic P, hîerlm F, ierim /), Hierusalem
Letr, II layci V II post laici lacunam indicam ', fortasse
excidit inanserunt, et inde II babitaria] sic codd., a Bri-
tanDia MorelH, ab Hibernia Letr., babitaria nomen esse
potest navis vectoriae^ inter Palaestinagn et Aegyptum
euntis; veri simile non esty Fidelem frairem totum iter a
Britannia vel ah Hibernia ttsque ad Nilum per mare
exegisse 4 annorum] anneU D II post annorum Walck,
add. et ordinem II abundantiae editi 6 ammirantes V
6 7 qnattuor] sic D Py erat quatuor 16 mirabatur P
20 gratile J)P
6, 8 Letr. 27
1 acumen habent. post haec praedictus frater ((, 16
2 unum latus unius horrei ab angulo usqne
3 ad alteram pedibus quadringentis mensu-
4 ravit.
6 Deinceps intrantes in naves in Nilo 17
6 flumine usque ad introitum Rubri maris
7 navigayerunt. ex illo portu ad orientalem
8 plagam usque ad Moysi viam per Rubrum
9 mare parvum est spacium. iile mensurator
10 lateris horrei ire usque ad portum, in quo
11 introivit Moyses cum populo suo, in mare
is voluit, non solum ut intrasset portum, sed
18 ut in eo vestigia curruum et rotarum or-
14 bitas Pharaonis cerneret; nautae illi non
15 consenserunt. latitudo maris in eodem loco
16 quasi vi sibi visa est. inde in occidentali 18
17 parte Rubri maris, hoc est in sinu exten-
18 dente se longe in septentrionalem partem
19 velivola festinatione navigaverunt. illud
20 est mare quod murmurantem popul um
21 Jsrael in deserto coartavit, ne in terram
82 Aegypti regredi potuisset.
28 Non mirum est unum fluvium in diversa 19
24 flumina dividi, cuius latitudo maxime in
8 Moysi] sic codd., Moysii Walck,, Mojais Letr.
9 spatinm editi 11 suo populo V 15 conserant V
21 coarctavit Letr,
28 6, 8 Letr.
Aegypto magno ponto comparatur, ut Pri- i
scianus in tertio decimo libro pturabolando 2
dicens monet: ut si aspicientes mare dica- 3
mus talem esse Nilum. 4
6, 20 Hodie in cosmograpbia, quae sub Julio 5
Caesare et Marco Antonio consulibus facta g
est, scriptam inveni partem Nili fluminis 7
exeuntem in Rubrum mare iuxta civitatem g
Olivam et castra Mosei. 9
21 Quisquis longitudinem Nili cognoscere 10
* desiderat, sciat prius quot milia ab occi- n
dentali parte Africae usque ad orientalem 12
plagam Aegypti numerantur, inde usque 1$
ad ostium per quod pars illius iuxta castra 14
Mosei et civitatem quae nuncupatur Oliva 15
vădit in mare Rubrum: vel si longius vo- ig
luerit, usque ad Pelusiacum ostium, per 17
quod altera ipsius pars in Tyrrbenum mare ig
intrat, aut si usque ad finem fere totius 19
plenitudinis eius computaverit, in Canopico 20
ostio teriiiinabit, sed longius ad Pelusiacum. 21
latitudo istius fluvii per quot milia dilata- 22
tur non repperi. 28
1 2 Priscianue] comparaţia Nili cum mari apud Pri-
scianum non legitur 4 nile 2>, nilem P 9 Oliy&m]
tic Walck.f Oyii&m codd.f Q\yam& Letr.; infrav. 15 Oliva
ii Mosei] sic D F", monsei {corr. mosei) P, Monsei Walck,,
Moysis jbetr. 11 sciat] scitet D 15 Mosei] sic DV^
moDsei P Walck., Moysis Letr, li Oliva] Clysma Letr.
18 tyrrenum V 22 quod D 28 reperi V Letr.
6, 4 Letr. 29
1 Julius Solinus in eodem praedicto vo- B,22
2 lumine de Eupbrate hoc docet: Euphraten
8 fondit Armoenia maior. > ortus supra Zimam
4 sub radicibus montis quem Catoten accolae
5 Dominant Scithis proximum, hic receptis in
6 se âliquot amnibus convalescit et stipatus
7 oonvenis aquis luctatur cum montis Tauri
8 obiectu, quem apud Elegeam scindit, licet
9 et resistit duodecim milium passuum laţi*
10 tudine. vero dcoclxii ....
11 Plinius Secundus de eodem Eupbrate 23
12 in quiuto libro dicit: increscit autem et
18 ipse Euphrates Nili modo aestati» diebus
14 paululum differens ac Mesopotamiam inun-
15 dat sole optinente xxam partem cancri.
16 minui incipit leone transgresso in virgine.
17 in totum vero remeat in xxma nona parte
18 virginis.
2 Euphraten- 10 latitudine] c/. 8olin, 57, 1 8 ar-
menia I) Letr, II ortnm Letr,, ortu 8oUn, II Zimaram
Letr. 4 Capoten Letr,, Catopen Solin. 6 nomi-
naoit V II Scithis] sic Walck,, stithis D, scythîs reîigui
6 aliqnod DV 7 convenis] est uenis V 8 9 licet
et resirtit] sic PV editi, licet resistit D, resistat licet
Bolin. 9 passuum (corr,. passibus) P 10 pott
DGCCUUi lacvnam indicavi 12 increscit- 18 virginis]
Plin, 6,90 18 eufrates 2> li nilo 2>F II aestatis]
statis Plin. 14 panlum Plin. II ac] sic Plin., ao P,
a D F, ab eo editi II mesopotamia codd. 14 16 anun-
dat V 16 incipit in virgine et leone transgresso Plin.
30 6, 6 Letr.
6,24 Jdem Julius ia eodem libro: de Tigri i
quoque dicere boc loco par est. in Ar- 2
moeniae regione caput tollit mire quam Iu- 3
cidum, conspicuo fonte, in loco edito qui 4
Egelos nominatur, nec ab exordio statim 6
totus est. primum pigre fluit non suo no- 6
mine, at cum fines Moedorum invectus est, 7
Tigris statim dicitur: ita nominant Moedi s
25 sagittam. influitdn Aretbusam lacum omnia 9
pondera sustinentem, cuius pisces numquam 10
se alveo Tigris miscent, sicut nec amnici 11
pisces in stagnum transeunt Arethusae, per 12
quam dissimili colore et volucri meat cursu. is
26 mox Tauro resistente in profundum specum 14
mergitur, quem subterlabens in altero eius 15
latere apud Azoma demicat, aigas et pur- 16
gamenta plurima secum trahens. deinde 17
identidem absconditur rursusque redditur. is
Adiabenos Arabasque praeterfluit, Mesopo- 19
tamiam amplectitur, amnem nobilissimum 20
1 de Tigri- p. 31, 1 accipit] SoUn. 37, 5. B 2 8 ar-
meniae V Letr, cwn Solino 5 Elegos Letr. cum Solino
6 pygre D 7 Medomm editi 8 tygris V ii ita] ita enim
Solin. II Medi editi 9 Aretisam SoUn, 1 1 tygris V,
Tigridis Solin, ti amnici] aminici codd. 12 AretLsae
Solin, 18 dissimilis Solin. 16 Zomada emicat
Letr, cum Solino II algas] uias {suprtucr, uel algas) P,
uias B V, ulvas Letr. cum Solino 18 absconditur]
sic D Vf abscondit se P editi 19 Adiabenos] Ada-
bienos DV II Arabasque praeterfluit po*t amplectitur
pon. DV
6, 6. 6 Letr. 31
1 Coaspen accipit. longitudo illms doccxcv,
2 latitudinem autem eiue non legi.
8 Sed Plinius Secundus altero nomine 6,27
4 praedictum staghum nominat, quod nune
6 oblivisGor, et aquam iilius stagni amaram
6 esse narrat atque fluminis dulcem: ideo
7 fluvii pisces evitant ire in stagnum, veluti
8 stagni pisces intrare in flumen Aigiunt.
9 Jdem Julius post multa: maximi in 28
10 Jndia amnes Ganges et Jndus. quorum
11 Gangen quidam fontibus incertis nasci et
12 Nili modo exultare contendunt, alii volunt
18 a Scithicis montibus exoriri. Hypranes
14 etiam ibi nobilissimus fluvius, qui Alexandri
15 Magni iter terminavit, sicuti arae in ripa
16 eius positae probant, minima Gangis lati-
17 tudo per' viu m. passuum, maxima per xx
18 patet. longitudo CCCCLIII, altitudo, ubi
19 vadosissimus est, mensuram c pedum de-
20 vorat.
21 Jdem paulo post: in Gange insula est 29
22 populosissima, amplissimam continens gen-
2 autem om. P editi 8-8 cf. Plin. 6,127 6 amara D
9 maximi- 20 devorat] ef. Solin. 32, 6, 7 10 quarum D
12 exaltare] «IC /), exsoltare re/igtM II volunt om. IFa/cib.
18 Scithicis Letr, cum Solino II Hypanis Solin. ^ Hypha-
sîfl Letr. 15 iter] tune V 16 Gangis] g 2 an! ia
(grandis?) D, ganis V 18 longitudo ccccuu om. Solin.
Illongitudo] magnitndo DVW post cccoLiii edd. add.m. p.
19 uadosissimom P 21 in Gange 'p. 32, 6 disSpli-
nam] cf. Solin. 52^ îl 22 populissima DP
32 6, 6. 7 Letr.
tem, cuius rex peditum l milia equitum i
im milia in armis habet. omnes sane, qui* 2
cumque praediti sunt regia potestate, non 8
sine maximo elephantomm, equitum etiam 4
peditumque numero militarem agitant dis- 5
ciplinam. 6
6,30 Jdem paulo post: anguillas ad trigenos 7
pedes longas educat Ganges. quem Statius 8
Sebosus inter praecipua miracula ait ver- 9
mibus abundare, ceruleis nomine et colore. 10
hi bina habent bracfaia longitiidinis cubi- 11
torum non minus senorum, adeo robustis 12
viribus, ut elephantos ad potum ventitantes I8
mordaci comprehensos ipsorum mânu ra- 14
piant in profundum. i&
31 Sunt in Jndia praeterea boves unicor- te
nes; sed atrocissimus est monoceros, mon- 17
strum mugitu horrido, equino corpore, ele- i»
phanti pedibus claudis, villosis, capite cer- 19
vino. comu a media fronte eius proten- 20
ditur splendore mirifice, ad magnitudinem 21
1 cnius] qnoram Solin, 1 2 eqmtum iiii] aequi-
tum Liiii BP 2 abet B 7 angaillas-15 pro-
fiudum] cf, Solin. 52, 41 7 tricenos Letr, cum Solino
11 hi bina] habina (^corr. hibina P)DPV 1112 cubita
non minus sena ^o/m. 18 elephantes 2> Le^r. 14 mor-
dicns conprehensa Solin, 14 15 rapnit V 16 Sunt
in Jndia -p. 33, 4 non poteat] cf, Solin, 52 j 38-40,
16 17 imicomes] unicomes et tricomes 5o2m. . 19 clau-
dis, villosis] cauda suilla Solin, . 20 a media] e media
Som.
^
6, 7 Letr. 33
1 pedum quattuor, ita acutum ut quicqttid
2 impetat, facile ictu eius perforetur. vivus
8 Don venit in hominum potestatem et inte-
4 rimi quidem potest, capi non potest.
5 Est renoceron in Aethiopia sive eius- 6,32
6 dem vel alterius similis generis, de quo
7 Julius Solinus longe ante sic ait: ante ludos
8 Gnei Pompei renocerotem romana specta-
9 cula nesciebant. cui bestiae color buxeus,
10 in naribus cornu unicum et repandum, quod
11 subinde attritum cautibus in mucronem
12 excitat, eo quod adversus elephantos proe-
18 liatur, par ipsis longitudine, brevior cruri-
J4 bus, naturaliter alvum petens, quam solam
15 intelligit ictibus suiş perviam.
16 Est aliud animal in Africa Cirinacia, 33
17 quod in alia terra fieri non legimus: de
18 quo idem ita longe ante infit: hienam quo-
19 que mittit Africa, cui cum spina riget col-
3 bominum] hominem (corr. hominum P) DP, ho-
minis V 6 renoceron] sic DP, rinoceron F, rhino-
ceros Letr. 7 ante {post longe) om. P editi II ante ludos
- 1 6 perviam] c/. Solin, 30 ^ 21 8 Cnei editi II rhinocero-
tem Letr. cvm Soîino 12 eo quod] eoque Solin. li ele-
phantes V 12 18 praeliatur Letr. 18 14 cruribus]
sic V cum Solino, auribus reliqui 14 quam] quem
(corr. quam P) DPV 16 ictibus] actibus codd,
16 aliut D II Cirinacia] tic D^ cirinaica PV, Cyrenaica
Letr. 18 hienam -86, 10 clauditur] cf. Solin. 27, 23-26
18 hyenam Letr.
3
34 6, 7 Letr
lum continua unitate: flectit nonnisi toto i
corporis circumactu. multa de ea mira: 2
primum quod sequitur stabula pastorum et 8
auditu assiduo addiscit vocamen quo ex- 4
primere possit imitationem vocis humanae, 5
ut in hominem astu accituin nocte seviat. 6
vomitus quoque humanos mentitur falsisque 7
singultibus sollicitatos canes sic devorat, 8
qui forte si venantes umbram eius dum 9
secuntur contigerint, latrare nequeunt voce io
6,34 perdita. eadem hiena inquisitione corpo- ii
rum sepultoram busta eruit. praeterea 12
promptius est marem capere: feminis enim 13
ingenita est callidior astutia. varietas mul- 14
tiplex inest oculis colorumque motatio. in 16
cuius pupulis lapis invenitur, hieniam di- I6
cunt, praeditum illa potestate ut cuius ho- 17
minis linguae fuerit subditus, praedicat fu- I8
tura. venim hiena quodcumque animal ter 19
lustraverit movere se non potest : quapropter 20
1 flectit nonnisi] flectique non quit nisi Solin., flecti
non quit nisi Letr, 4 nocamus V 4 5 quod e&pr.
p. imitatione Solin. 8 sic canes Solin. 9 eius
dam] sic Letr, cum SolinOy einsdem codd, .10 sequnn-
tur editi 11 hyena Letr. 13 promtius />, pro-
mua Solin, 16 mntatio corr. P et editi 16 cuius]
quorum Solin, II popnlis (corr, pupulis) DP II post
lapis 2> V addunt hiena II hieniam] sic 2>P, hienia V,
hieniam Walck,^ hyaeniam Letr, 19 hyaena Letr.
20 qoaepropter D
L
6, 7. 8 Letr. 35
1 magicam scientiam inessc ei pronuntiave-
2 runt. in Aethiopiae parte coit cum leaena: 6,35
3 unde nascitur monstrum cui chorococta
4 nomen est. voces hominum et ipsa pariter
5 a£fectat. numquam cohibet aciem orbium
6 oculorum, sed in optutu sine nictatione
7 contendit. in ore lingua nuUa^ dens unus
8 atque perpetuus, qui ut numquam retun-
9 datur naturaliter capsularum modo clau-,
10 ditur.
11 Jdem longe prius de flumine Dannbio 36
12 inquit: Hister Germanicis iugis oritur,
18 effusus monte qui Rauracos Galliae aspe-
14 ^tat. LXta amnes in se recipit ferme omnes
15 navigabiles. septem ostiis Pontum influit:
16 quorum primum Peuce, secundum Nara-
17 customa, tertium Calonstoma, quartumPseu-
18 dostoma, quintum Borionstoma ac deinde
19 Spilonstoma languidiora sunt ceteris, septi-
20 mum vero pigrum ac palustri specie non
21 habet quod amni comparetur. priora quat-
22 tuor ita magna sunt ut per iongitudinem
2 leena codă, 3 chorococta] crocotta Letr.j coio-
cottae Solin. 6 ocnloram om. Solin. II optutum P,
obtutum Solin., obtutu editi II ictatione V 7 lingua}
gingiva Solin, et Plin, 12 Hister- 36, 3 sapore] So-
lin. 13, 1 14 LXta] ista V 15 ostiis] hostiis DP
18 quintum] nam Solin. 19 Psilonstoma Letr^
21 22 quatuor V editi
3*
36 6, 8. 9 Letr.
CCCC passuum non misceantur aequori, i
dulcemque austum inconsumpto detinent 2
sapore. longitudo ipsius DCCCCXXin. s
6,37 Haec de praetitulatis quinque flumini- 4
bus congregatim scripta sunt. brevius de 5
sequentibus fluviis ex cosmographia tantum e
praedicta nuper in meas manus veniente 7
excerpetur. 8
38 Fluvius Jordanis nascitur sub Libano 9
monte, circumiens eum vergit in lacum 10
Tiberiadem, de eo exiens ad Citopolim 11
quam secans mediam et ab ea exiens effan- 12
ditur in mare Mortuum. currit per nnlia^ 13
DCCXXII. 14
39 Hermus nascitur in campis Asiae. in- 15
fluit in mare Cicladarum. currit per milia ie
Dcvnn. 17
^Q Meandros nascitur in campis Asiaticis is
bicomius, currit quasi sinu reddens se ad 19
1 CCCC mii. editi 2 dalcemquae P, ducem quae
(que V) DV ii hanstum editi II ÎDConsumpto] incor-
mpto Solin, II detineant editi cum Solino 3 pott
DCCCCXXin editi add. m. p. 9-39, 8 qtiae seqtmntur
sedecim fiumina partim apud Julium Honoriunif partim
apud Aethicumj sed diversa ordine leguntur p. 692-698
et p, 7X4-720 ed, A. Gronov, 1722. 9 Jordannes
Sonor, 10 pergit Letr, cum Honorio 11 tybe-
rîadem V ti ScitopoUn Honor.y Scjlhopolim Letr. cum
Aethico 14 Dccxxn] dccxxxii Honor, 15 Her-
mus] Hermunas Aeth. 16 Cycladarum editi 17 dcix V
18 Maeandros Letr. 19 bicomuus Walck.y bicomis Letr.
ii quasi sinu reddens se ad unum] quasi sint duo, redi-
gentes se iu unum Letr. cum Aethico.
6, 9 Letr. 37
1 unum. influit in mare Cicladarum. currit
2 per milîa DCCCXCVII-
8 Fluvius Eurotas nascitur in campis 6,41
4 Phrigiae. influit in mare Tyrrhenum. currit
6 per milia dcccxxv.
6 Fluvius Tanais nascitur in monte Hy- 42
7 perborei Biphei. per Meotidas paludes
8 exiens influit in Euxinum Pontum. currit
9 per milia dcliii.
10 Boristhenes nascitur in monte Hyper- 43
11 boreo. influit in mare Ponticum. currit
12 per milia ccx.
18 Spertbius nascitur in monte Macedoniae. 44
1:4 influit in mare Aegeum. currit per milia.
15 DCII.
16 Alpheus nascitur in campis Achaiae. 45
17 influit in mare Tyrrhenum. currit per milia
18 CCCCLXX.
19 Achiloius nascitur in campis Epiri. in- 46
1 Cycladarum P editi 4 Phrigiae] sic 2>, phrygiae
reliqui ii tyrrenum DV 6 dcccxxv] dccxxv
Honor,, cccc Aeth, 6 7 Hyperboraei Biphaei. per
Maeotidas Letr. 10 Boristhenes] sic dedi, boristenes
codd.j Borystenes Walck.y Borysthenes Xetr. 10 11 Hy-
perboreo] sic D, hiperboreo PK, Hyperboraeo Letr.
13 Sperchius Letr., Percius Aeth. II ante Macedoniae
Letr. add. Oeta, Aeth. add. Jda 14 Aegeum] «te i>,
egeumPF, Aegaeum Xe^r. 16 Alfeus ITon. 17 thir-
renum /), tirrhenum P, tyrrenum V 19 Achiloius]
sic DPf achilous F, Achelous Letr,, Acelous Hon. Aeth.
II Epiri] sic Letr., ephyri codd.
38 6, 9 Letr.
fluit in mare Jonium. currit per milia i
DCCXV. 2
6,47 Tîberis nascitur in monte Apennino. 3
occidit in mare Tyrrheno. currit per milia 4
CCCCXCV. 5
48 Rhenus nascitur in Alpibus Apenninis. 6
occidit in oceano occidentali, currit per 7
milia dlii. 8
49 Rhodanus nascitur in Alpibus Coticis. 9
influit in mare Tyrrhenum. currit per io
milia ii
50 Garonna nascitur in Aquitaniae campîs. 12
influit in oceanum occidentalem. currit is
per milia ccviiii. 14
51 Boetis nascitur in campis Hispaniae. 15
occidit in oceano occidentali, currit per 16
milia ccccx. 17
52 Tagus nascitur in campis Hispaniae. is
occidit in oceano occidentali, currit per 19
milia cccii. 20
53 Mineus nascitur prope Pyrreneum. in 21
2 DCCXv] Dccxc Aeth, 3 tyberis V 4 tyrrheno D,
tyrreno V 6 renus V II Penninis Letr, 9 Rhodanus
— 11 p. mii.] nonnisi in margine inferior e ah alia mânu
habet P 9 Rodanus DV II Cottiaeis Letr. 10 tyr-
renum codd. 10 11 per milia] sic /), erat p, mii.
12 Garonna] sic BP, garoiuia V, Carunna Hon., Ga-
rurona Letr. cum Aethico II aqaitania /> 15 Baetis
editif Betis Âeth. II hyspanie V 21 Minio Hon., Mi-
nius Letr. cum Aethico II Pyrenaeum Letr.
6, 9. 7, 1 Letr. 39
1 rotunditate vertitur, ut Bregantium oppi»
2 dum maritimum includat et sic se in ocea-
3 num occidentalem recipit. currit per milia
4 CCCX.
5 Hiberus nascitur sub Assiriis montibus 6,54
6 Pyrrenei vicinas inlustrans Hispanias. in-
7 fundit se mari iuxta Terraconam. currit
8 per milia CCiiii.
9 Haec omnia quae de fluminum longi-
10 tudine dixi, ex cosmographia accepi.
11 Scribens de Aethiopia quae ad Afri- 7,1
12 cam pertinet, de multis eius insulis iuxta
18 Plinium Secundum breviter locutus sum,
14 sed nuUam nominatim praedixi. ideo pau-
16 cas ex illis quarum nomina legeram nomi-
16 natas ostendam.
17 Jdem Plinius Secundus în sexto libro 2
18 iuxta Aethiopas Aroteras insulas esse docet,
19 item Baehias et Antibachias et Stratioton.
20 Priscianus in libro qui in greco perie- 3»
21 gesis nominatur id est descripţie orbis ter-
1 Brigantium Letr. 5 Hyberus Aeth. li Assiriis]
astyribus Hon.j Asturicis Letr. 6 Pyrrenei] sic P,
phirrenei D, phyrrenei F, Pyrenaei Letr. II vicinos Letr.
II illustrans V II Hispanias] sic DPj hyspanias V, His-
panos Letr, 7 Tanraconam Walck., Tarraconem Letr,
10 cosmographya D II post accepi DV addunt vii
18 iuxta- 19 Stratioton] Plin. 6,173 18 iuxta]
supra Plin, II aeroteras D, et roteras V 19 Bacchias
et Antibacchias Letr. cum Plinio II stracioton V 21 id
est] idem V
40 7, 1 Letr-
rae, qaem per metrum valde bonum fece- i
rat, Erithream insulam iuxta Atianticam s
Aethiopiam fore monet inquiens: 3
Aethiopes habitant Erithream pectore iusti, 4
' Athlantem iuxta longevi, finibus olim, .... 5
7,4 Gaulea insula in australi oceano occi- e
dentalis Aethiopiae, cuius vocabulum Jsi- 7
dorus in nono libro ethimologiarum ostendit. g
5 Fortunatae atque Gorgodes, Hesperides, 9
quae insulae quod sunt in occidentali pe- 10
lago Africae mulţi nuntiant. longius ab u
Africa Gorgodes quam Fortunatae ac Hes- 12
perides quam Gorgodes. quoniam in eo 13
quod in cosmographia fluvius Malva sub 14
insula Fortunata nasci fertur, ex boc prope 15
ad Africam esse perhibetur. distant autem ie
Gorgodes a continenti terra bidui naviga^ 17
tione, ut in quarto decimo libro ethimolo- 18
giarum Jsidorus ait. 19
2 erythream P, Erythiam Letr, 4 Aethiopes
-5 olim] PrUcian, perieg. v. 570. 571 ad calcem JDionys.
Perieg, ed. Bemhardy 4 erythream P, Erythiam Letr, cum
Prisciano 6 Atlantem Letr, cum PrUciano 6 Gaulea]
Gaulalum gentes — his nomen Gaulea insula dedit. Jsid.
orig. 9^2.124 Lind. 8 ethimologiarum] sic DV,
ethymologiuram P, Etymologiarum Letr. 9 gordodes
DV 12 gordodes hv 13 quam] que DV W gor-
dodes Z> 7 14 cosmografia i> 16 feritur D 17 gor-
dodes V 18 19 ethimologiarum] ^ic DV^ aetymolo-
giarum P, Etymologiarum Letr, 19 Jsidortu 14, S, 9
7, 2 Letr. 41
1 Jn occidentali vel septentrionali mari 7,6
2 Hispaniae insulas fieri non legimus. cir-
8 cum nostram insulam Hiberniam sunt in-
4 sulae, sed aliae parvae atque aliae minimae.
6 iuxta insulam Brittaniam multae aliae magnae
6 aliae parvae aliaeque mediae, snnt aliae in
7 australi mari et aliae in occidentali, sed
8 magis in parte circii et septentrionis illius
9 habundant. in alias quibus ipsarum habi-
10 tăvi, alias intravi, alias tantum vidi, alias
11 legi.
12 Plinius Secundus in quarto libro edocet 7
13 quod Pytheas Masiliensis sex dierum na-.
14 vigatione in septentrionem a Brittania Tbi-
15 len distantem narrat.
16 De eadem semper deşerta in eodem 8
17 xiin. libro ethimologiarum Jsidorus infit:
18 Thile ultima insula oceani inter septen-
19 trionalem et occidentalem plagam ultra
6 Brittaniam] »ic P, brittanniam D F, Britanniain Letr.
9 habondant] tic D, abundaut reliqui II in alias quibus]
sic codd.j sed P alteram in addit supra alias, in aliqui-
boB editi 12 quarto] secundo Letr. 18 Pytheas
- 16 narrat] Plin. 2, 187 13 pitheas D V II Masi-
liensis] sic D Vf massiliensis reliqui 14 Brittania]
sic Vf brittaniam P, brittanniam />, Brittannia Letr.
14 16 Thulen Letr. cum Plinio 17 libro ethimolo-
giarum] sic DV, libro aethymologiarum P, Etymologitt-
rum libro Letr. 18 Thile - p. 42, 2 facit] Jsid. 14,6.4
18 Thule Letr.j Thyle Jsid.
43 7, 3 L«tr.
Brittaniam, a Bole nomea habens, quia in i
ea aestivum eolstitium sol fac'it. s
9 Frisciimus de eadem in periegesi ma- 8
nifestiue qnam Jsidorus inquit: i
Oceaoi tranaos hic navihus aequor aper- 6
tum, 6
Ad Tfailen veniens, quae nocte dieqne 7
relucet 8
Tytanis radiis, cum curru scandit ad 9
axee io
Signiferi, boreas succendens lainpade n
partea. lî
) De eadem manifestius et plenius quam 18
Prisciaiius Julius Solinus de Brittanis Io- i*
quens in collectaneis ita scripait: Thile 15
ultima, in qua aeativo aolstitio sole de 16
cancri sidere faciente transitum noz nuUa: 17
bruaiali aolatitio perinde nullua diea. ÎS
L TrigeaimuB nune annus est a quo nun- 19
tiaveruiit mîhi clerici, qui a kalendia Fe- 20
bruarii usque ad kalendas Augusti in illa 21
insula manaerunt, quod non aolum in aestivo 22
1 BriCtaniarn] «ic F, bnttoDia.m P Lttr., britCuiniam i>
6 Oceani-12 fartes] Pritc. per. p. 588-5S2 b hie]
hinc Priic. 7 Thnien venios Leir. cam Priiciano
9 ritanis Lelr. cim Priiciano 1 1 auccedeas V el Pruc.
14 britCaimia codd. ÎS Thile- 18 dies] Soim. 22, S
16 Thyle Solin., Thule Letr. 20 miohi V 20 2i fe-
broarii DP 21 ad] lic V, om. reliqui
7, 2 Letr. 4S
1 solstitio, sed in diebiis circa illud in yes-
2 pertina hora occidens sol abscondit se quasi
8 trans parvulum tumulum : ita ut nihil tene-
4 brarum in minimo spacio ipso fiat, sed
5 quicquid homo operări voluerit, vel pedu-
6 culos de camisia abstrahere, tamquam in
7 praesentia solis potest: et si in altitudine
s montium eius fuissent, forsitan numquam
9 sol absconderetur ab illis. in medio illius 7,12
minimi temporis medium noctis fit in medio
1 orbis terrae, et sic puto e contrario hiemali
2 solstitio et in paucis diebus circa illud au-
8 roram in minimo spacio in Thile apparere,
4 quando meridies fit in medio orbis terrae:
5 et idcirco mentientes falluntur, qui circum 13
6 eam concretum fore mare scripserunt et
7 qui a vernali aequinoctio usque ad autum-
8 nale continuum diem sine nocte atque ab
^ autumnali versa vice usque ad vernale ae-
20 quinoctium assiduam quidem noctem, dum
21 illi navigantes in naturali tempore magni
22 frigoris eam intrabant ac manentes in ipsa
28 dies noctesque semper praeter solstiţii tem-
4 spatio eodd. 5 6 pediculos Letr 10 teporis P
11 et sic puto- 14 orbis terrae] nonniai in margine tn-
feriore kabet P 13 spacio] aic F, spazio D, spatio
reliqui II Thile] sic V, tyle DP, Thnle Letr. 14 in
medio meridies fit Letr. 15 et om. Letr. 17 aeqai-
notio DV 19 20 aequinotium DV
44 7, 2. 3 Letr.
pus alteroatim habebant: eed navigatJone i
uniuB diei ex îlla ad boream congelatam 2
mare iovenenint. s
I Sunt aliae insulae multae in eeptentrio- 4
aali Brittauiae oceaDO, quae a septentrio- 6
nalibus Brittaniae insulis duorum dierum 6
ac noctium recta navigatîone pleois Telis ?
assiduo feliciter vento adiri queunt. aii- 8
quis preBbytL>r religiosus mibi retulit quod 9
în dttobus aestivis dlebus el una interce- io
dente nocte navigaus m duorum navicula ii
tranatrorum iu unam illarum introivit. illae lî
insulae sunt aliae parvulae. fere cunctae ia
Bimul aDgustis distaDtes fretie, in quibus u
iu centum ferme annis heremitae es nostra is
Scottia navigante» habltaverunt. sed sicut i6
a principio niundi desertae semper fuerunt, it
ita nune uauea latronum Nortmannorum ie
vacuae anachoritis, plenae inuamerabilibus 19
ovibus ac diverais generibus multie nimia iO
marinanim avium. numquam eaa însulas Si
in libria auctorum memoratas invenimus. ss
b ti t BrIttaniAe] ih DP, briUanaie V, Brit
Lelr. 9 pre«byler] lic codicti compendio litlt
piobaa Ltlr. II rElegiosua D II michi V 12 t
rum V II illam I) II intranit C 14 anguetue (co:
^•atîB) F 16 ereniitae Letr. 16 scoclia V 1
nmnnonini P 19 anaohoritig] anchoritiB (son
charitia P) DPV, aaacbaretls Lttr. 20 nimis] m
7, 4 Letr. 45
1 Julius Solinus in coUectaneis de Ger- 7, 16
2 mania atque insulis eius: in hoc tractu et
3 in omni septentrionalis plaga bisontes fre-
4 quentissimi, qui bobus feris similes, setosi
5 coUo, iuba horridi, ultra tauros pernicitate
6 capti assuescere mânu nesciunt. sunt et
7 uri quos imperitom vulgus vocat bubalos,
8 cum bubali pene ad cervinam faciem in
9 Africa procreentur. istis porro quos uros
10 dicimus taurina cornua in tantum modum
11 protenduntur, ut dempta ob insignem ca-
12 pacitatem inter regias mensas potuum ge-
13 rula fiant. est et alces mulis comparanda, 17
14 adeo propenso lâbro superiore ut nisi re-
16 cedens in posteriora vestigiă pasci non
16 queat. Gravia insula regionis Germaniae
17 mittit animal quale alces et .cui suâragines
18 flecti nequeunt: propterea non cubant cum
19 dormiendum est, tamen somnolentum arbor
2 in hoc tractu - 46, 7 ipsam] Solin. 20 ^ 4-8
8 septentrionis Solin. II visontes Solin. 4 bobus
{corr. bubus) P, bovis 8olin, II feris] sic Letr., fieri D F,
feri {corr. fere) P, feri Solin. 7 imperitnm] sic Letr,
cum SolinOj inmeritum codd. II bubalos vocat D V
9 procreentur in africa DV II ieti P 1 ia tan-
tum] intrantum V 11 dempta dempta DV 13 aice
Solin. 15 pasci] sic editi cttm Solino, quasi codd.
16 granlsL (a. supra u) P, Gangavia Solin. 17 quale
alces et cui] quale aice sed cuius Solin. II post sufira-
gines Solin, add. ut elephantis 18 cubat Solin.
19 somnolenta D V, somnulentam Solin.
sustinet, quae prope casarăm secatur, ut i
fera dum assuetis iulmentis nititur faciat s
ruioam. ita capitur: altoqtiin diiîficile est s
eam Diaccipari: oam in illo rigore popii- i
7,18 turn incompreliensibili fuga pollet. Ger- e
manicarum insularum Candinavia maxima s
est, sed Dihil in ea magnum praeter ipeam. 7
19 Plinius Sec un dus ia libro quarto de 8
septentrionali oceane Scithiae insulisque 9
illius: septentrioDalem oceanum Amalchium io.
Hecataeus appellat, a Parapauiso amne qui ii
Scithiam alluit, quod nomen eius gentis 12
liugua significat congelatum mare: Phile- 13
mon Morimarusam a Cimbrîs dicit vocari, 14
hoe est mortuum mare; inde usque ad pro- 15
muntorium Rubeas, ultra deinde Cronium ie
I poit enetinet editi add. et II casnram] licDPLetr,,
CMUTii \^, ad casarăm Walct. 2 âamectis P II iimi-
titur SoUn. 6 6 Germanicarum inanUnira] de Germa-
nicle tDsnlis Solin. 6 Candinavia] sic D, acandania P,
candania V, Gangavia SoUn., SeaDdinaTia edili cvm Plinio
6 7 est maxima I>V 7 nichil V 10 eeptentriona-
lem - 47, 10 cantegnnt] Plin. i, 94. 95 8 quarto om.
codd. d Scythiae edili II inBulisque] tic codd., et ia-
BaliaLtlr., insulis Walck. 10 almachlam iJ [' 11 He-
cataens] tic Lelr. cum Plin., hechateua D, hecatboB P,
l«cbateus V II appellat, a] appellatur V II FBiapaaigo]
siQ P, ţmăaoDV, Vainf^aiTM Walck., Paiapaniso Xffr.
II qui} qnam {corr. qui P) DP, qua Plin. 12 Soy-
tluom editi 13 mare om. Plin. 13 14 PhiUmoa]
Bimd Plin. 4, 94 14 morimarimaiDsam P 16 16 pio-
mnnloriam] tic P pr. man., prqmunctorinm DV ei corr, P,
proinontorium ediU 16 Craniam] traniom J)
7, 6 Letr. 47
1 nominat. Xenophon Lamsachenus a litore 7, 20
2 Scitharum tridui navigatione insulam esse
8 immensae magnitudinis Balciam tradit. ean-
4 dem Pytheas Basiliam nominat. non longe 21
5 feruntur et Oeocenae insulae, quarum ovis
6 avium marinarăm et avenis vulgo nascen-
7 tibus incolae vivunt. aliae^ in quibus equi-
s nis pedibus homines nascuntur Hippopodes
9 appellati. aliae in quibus nuda corpora
10 praegrandes ipsorum aures tota contegunt.
11 Jdem Plinius Secundus de insulis Ger- 22
12 maniae: incipit deinde clariore aperiri fama
18 ab gente Jngueonum quae est prima in
14 Germania, mons Saevo ibi inmensus nec
15 Bipheis iugis minor, inmane ad Cimbrorum
16 usque promuntorium efficit sinum qui Co-
17 danns vocatur refertus insulis, quarum cla-
18 rissima est Scandinavia incompertae magni-
1 Xenophon] apud Plin. 4, 95 II Lamsachenus] sic DP,
lamsachetius V, Lampsacenus Letr. 2 Scytharnm editi
3 Baltiam Letr. cum Plinio 4 Pytheas] sic P editi,
phjTtheas D, phiteas V II basilicam (corr. balisicam) D,
baliaiam V 5 Oeocenae] Oonae Plin. 6 avium]
ouinm (corr. auium P) DP 8 hyppopodes DV
12 incipit -48, 6 tradunt] Plin. 4, 96 12 clarior
editi cum Plinio 18 Jngaevonnm Letr, cwn Plinio
14 sevo D V cwn Plinio II immensus editi II nec] aic
Letr. et corr. P cwn Plinio, ne D V et pr. m. P 16 Ri-
pheis] sic corr. P, taripheis DV et pr. m. P, RiphaeiB
editi, Bipaeis Plin. II immanem editi cum Plinio 16 si-
nnm] nnurn DV 18 scadinavia codd.
48 7, 6 Letr.
tudinis. portionem tantum eius qua nota i
8it Hiilevionum gente quingentos incolente 2
pag08^ alterum orbem terrarum appellant. 8
nec minor est opinione Epigia. quidam 4
haec habitari ad insulae usque ad fluvium 5
a Sarmatis Venedis Scirisque tradunt. 6
7, 2â Jn praedicta co8mograpfaia legitur e8se 7
insula Solis quae appellatur Perusca, ubi 8
Ganges intrat in mare. et in eodem orien- 9
tali oceano Hipodes et Silephantine atque io
Theras. ii
24 Plinius Secundus in libro sexto in oceano 13
Jndico insulas fieri ita tnonet: quattuor sa- 18
trapiae mox paulo, ad Taprobanen insulam i4
festinante animo. 8ed ante est Aliopatale 15
1 qua nota] qnod notum Plin. 2 HiUevionum]
illevionum D V II gentem P II quingentos] sic dedi,
qnintos codd.f quingentis editi II incolent F, incolamen P
8 pagis editi cwn Plinio II post pagos editi add, quae
cum Plinio II post terrarum editi add. eam cum Plinio
II appellat editi cum Plinio 4 Epigia] Eningia Plin.
5 insulae] sic codd.^ Vistulam Walck.j Yistlam Letr,,
variant Plinii codd, II ad [ante fluvium) om, editi cum
Plinio 6 Scirisque] Sciris Hirris Plin. 8 insula
Solis quae appellatur Perusca] Solis perusta insula. Honor.
p.69î Gron. II Perusta Letr. 9 10 orientali] orien-
talein (corr. orientalin) D 10 Hippopodes Letr. cum
Honorio et Aethico II Silefantine Honor.j Sylephantinae
Aeth.f Elephantine Letr. 11 Theras] thenis D 18 quat-
tuor -49, 10 ignobiles] Plin. 6, 79,80 18 quattuor]
sic Df quatuor r«/tţtit 14 TsprohKa&m editi 15 festi-
nantem Z>P II est Aliopatale] sunt aliae, Patale Letr,
cum Plinio
7, 6 Lctr. 49
1 quam significavimus in ipsis faucibus Jndi,
2 triquadra figura^ CCXX mii. passuum lati-
8 tiidine. extra ostia Jndi Crise et Argire
4 fertiles metallis ut credo, nam quod aliqui
5 tradidere, aureum argenteumque bis solum
6 esse, baud facile crediderim. ab bis xx
7 milia passuum latitudine Crotale, ab eaque
s XII Bibaga ostreis ac conculis referta*
9 deinde Oralliba viii m. p. a supra dicta,
10 multaeque ignobiles.
11 Julius Solinus in postrema parte prae- 7,25
12 dicti illius libri scripsit: Tbilos Jndiae iii-
18 sula est: ea fert palmas, oleam creat, vi-
J4 neis habundat, terras omnes boc miraculo
16 sola vincit quod quaecumque in ea arbor
16 nascitur numquam caret foliis.
17 ' Jdem Julius paulo ante: Jndica măria
18 ballenas babent ultra spacia quattuor iuge-
2 triqaetra Plin. II mii. om, codd. 8 ostium Plin.
II Crise et Argire ] sic D V, crisae et argirae P, Chryse
et Arg}'re Letr. cum Plinio b et Q his] iis editi cum
Plinio 7 railia om. D V W Crocala Plin. II ab eaqur]
sic Letr.j tabeaq^ codd.j ab ea Plin. 8 ac conculis]
sic dedi aconculis (corr. acconculis P) DPV, et con-
culis Walck,^ et conchyliis Letr. cum Plinio 9 Toral-
liba P/m., Coralliba Z/«<r. 12 Thilo8-16 foliis]
Solin. 52, 49 12 Tylos Solin. 14 habundat] sic dedi,
habundet P, abundet /), abundat V editi 17 Jndica
— 60, 6 navigantium] Solin. 52, 42 18 bellenas {corr.
ballenas P) DPV, balaenas Letr. cum Solino II spatia
editi II quatuor V editi
4
50 7, 6 Letr.
rum in longitudine, sed et quos fiisiteres i
nuncupant, qui enormes siipra molem in- 2
gentium columnarum ultra antemnas se na-' s
vium extolltmt haustosque fistulis flactus 4
ita eructant ut nimbosa alluvie plerumque 6
deprimant alveos navigantium. 6
7,26 Jdem Julius paulo post: Taprobanani 7
insulam, antequam temeritas bumana ex- 8
quisito penitus mari fidem panderet, diu 9
orbem alterum putaverunt et quidem quam io
habitare Eacfaites crederentur. verum Ale- n
xandri Magni virtus ignorantiam publici i^
erroris non tulit ulterius permanere, sed 18
in haec Usque secreta propagavit nominis 14
27 sui gloriam. missus igitur Onesicritus prae- i^
fectus classis Macedonicae terram ipsam 16
quanta esset, quid gigneret, quomodo ha- 17
beretur, exquisitam notitiae nostrae dedit. 18
patet in longitudinem stadiorum vii, in 19
latitudinem stadiorum v: scinditur amni 20
1 in longitudine om. Solin. li pbyseteras Solin.f pha-
siteres Walck.f phnsiteras Letr, 8 antemnas] sic DP
et Solin. j antenas K, antennas Letr, 4 fistuli (corr.
fistnlis) P 6 ita] indita DV 7 Taprobanam - 62, 6
navigatur] Solin. 53, 1^7 7 Jalius] sic />, om. reliqui
li Taprobanem Solin. 10 quam] enm qnem Letr.<,
quem Solin. 11 Eacbites] Anticbtones Letr.^ Anticb-
thones Salm. cum Solino 14 sacreta D 15 One-
sicritus] sic Letr. cum Solino^ onericretns codd. 1 6 ipsam]
istam Solin. 18 nostrae] sic editi, nostram codd.
20 latitudine D ii stadiorum v] quinque milia Solin.
7, 6 Letr. 51
1 interfluo: nam pars eius bestiis et ele-
2 phantis repleta est maioribus multo quam
3 fert Jndia: partem hoibines tenent. mar-
4 garetis scatet et gemmis omnibus. sita est
6 inter ortum et occasum. ab eo mari in- 7,28
6 cipit praetenta Jndia: a Prasia Jndorum
7 gente dieriim xxi in eain fuit cursus^ sed
8 cum. papiriceis et Nili navibus illo perge-
9 retur : mox cursu nostrarum navium septem
10 dierum iter factum est. mare vadosum inter-
ii iacet altitudinis non amplius senorum pas-
12 suum, certis autem canalibus depressum
13 adeo, ut nullae umquam anchorae ad pro-
14 fundi illius fundamenta potuerint pervenire.
15 nulla in navigando siderum observaţie: ut- 29
16 pote ubi septemtriones nequaquam viden-
17 tur, vergiliae numquam apparent. lunam
18 ab octava in sextam decimam tantum supra
19 terram vident. lucet ibi Canopus sidus
20 darum et amplissimnm. solem orientem
21 dextera habent, occidentem sinistra, ob- 30
22 servatione itaque navigandi nulla suppe-
\ interflete V 8 tenendom V 8 4 margaritis
etUti cum Solino 4 omnibus om. P editi 5 eo]
eoo Letr. cum Solino 6 Jndiae Solin. II Prasiana
Lttr. 7 eam] ea. V 8 papyraceis editi cum Solino
10 iter] tune V 11 senorum] senum Solin, 15 ob-
scruatione P 17 vergiliaeque Solin. II luna V
19 terra D II canopos Solin.
4*
52 7, 6 Letr.
tente, ut ad destinatum pergentes locum i
capiant, vehunt alites, qiiarum meatus ter- 2
ram petentium magistros habent cursus re- 8
gendi. quatemis non amplius mensibus in . 4
anno navigatur. 6
7, 31 Priscianus in periegesi de eadem insula 6
Taprobane ceterisque duabus baec sequentia 7
dicit : 8
1 Hinc tepidos proram converţens navis 9
ad austros io
2 Taprobanen veniet, generat quae magna ii
elephantes ii
3 Per fines Asiae. iaeet baec sub sidere is
cancri. 1 4
4 Litoribus cuius saliunt densissima cete, 15
6 Quae pascit vastum mare Rubrum mon- 16
tibus aequa; 17
6 Tenditur horribilis quorum per terga per i8
armos i9
7 Spina, ferens cladem fatumque sub ore 20
feroci; 21
1 ad destinatum] sic Leir, cum Solino^ adS natum £>,
ad S. natum (corr. notnm) P, ad nactum F, adeo nactum
Walck, 2 uehunt (corr. uelut) £>, uelut V 6 perie-
gessi {corr. periegesi D) DP 7 Taprobane] sic F,
taprobanae DP, Taprobana etiirt 9 Hinc -68, 14 Dia-
nam] Prisc. perieg. 595-608 11 venies editi cum
Prisciano 15 siliunt V 20 fatumque] factumque
{corr. fatumque P) DPV 21 feroci] feroque codd.
7, 6 Letr. 53
1 Quippe solent pariter navem sorbere 8
2 virosque :
8 Nam mala tam p^Iagus quam terra me- 9
4 rentibus o£Pert.
5 Ulterius pergas si post Carminida sum- io
6 mam
7 Ogiris occurret: qua dicitur esse se- ii
8 pulcfarum
9 Regis Eritbrei^ dederat qui nomina 12
10 ponto.
11 Persicus inde sinuâ penetratur et Jcaron 13
12 offert,
18 Jnsula quae fertur nimium placare Dia- 14
14 nam.
16 Sicut longitudinem et latitudinem in- 7,32
16 sulae Taprobane per stadiorum milia Ju-
17 lius Solinus praedixit ita enumerans : patet
18 in longitudinem stadiorum vii, in latitudi-
19 nem stadiorum y: sie eandem longitudinem
20 et latitudinem per milia passuum postea
21 Jsidorus in xiiii. ethimologiarum libro
1 solend' V 8 qoam] tamquam D, tanquam V
6 Carminida] sic P, ca//////inida i>, ca"iiiiinda F, Car-
msLnida Letr, cum Prisciano 7 OgjriB Letr.cumPrisciano
II occarrat editi cwn Priaciano 9 Erithrei] sic D V,
erythrei P, Erythraei Letr. cum Prisciano 13 14 Dianam]
sic P editi, deam c F, dea 11 ic D 16 Taprobanae editi
17 patet- 19 stadiorum v] eadem verba leguntur supra
7, 27 21 ethimologiarum] sic V, aethymologiarum D,
aetymologianim P, etymologiarum Letr.
54 7, 6. 7 Letr.
ostendit dicene: patens in longitudinem i
DCCCLXXV milibus passuum, in latitudinem 2
Dcxxv. 3
7, 33 Et quemadmodum idem Julius elepban- 4
ies praedictae insulae maiores multo fieri 5
quam elephantes Jndiae nuntiavit, ita ele- c
phantes Mauritaniae minores fuisse quam 7
* elephantes Jndiae loquens de Mauritania 8
ipsiusque elephantibus narravit. 9
34 Jdem Julius de Africa Cirinacia et leo- 10
nibus illius bis verbis locutus: leones ayersi 11
coeunt, nec ipsi tantum sed et linces et 12
cameli et elephanti et renocerotes et tigres. is
et leaenae fetu primo catulos quinque edu- 14
cant, deinde.per singulos numerum demunt 15
insequentibus annis et postreroo cum ad ie
unum materna fecunditas advenerit, steri- 17
lescunt in aeternum. annos leonum frons is
et cauda indicant, sicut motus equini auri- 19
bus intelliguntur. 20
1 patens - 3 dcxxv] Jsid. 14^ 6. 12 1 patet editi
2 latitudine V 4 Et queraadinodum - 9 narravit]
8olvn. 53, 3 H 25, 8 1 Cirinacia] sic Walck., cire-
TL9.c\9i codd., Cyrenaica Le^r. 11 leones- 20 intelli-
guntar] Solim, 27, 16-18 12 ipsi] hi Solin. II l^'nces
editi cum Solino 18 elephantea V II renocerotes] sic D V,
rinocerotes P, rhinocerotes Letr. cum Solino li ygres V,
tigrides Solin. 14 et om. P editi 14 15 educant]
edunt Solin. 1 5 demum D K, decoquant Solin. 1 7 ad-
venerit] recidit Solin, 18 annos] animos Solin.
19 20 anribas] de auribus Solin.
7, 7. 8 Letr. 55
1 Sed idem Juliug nuntiando de Germania 7, 35
2 insulisque eius unum de elephantibus men-
8 tiens falao loquitur dioens, elephantem num-
4 quam iacere, dum iile sicut bos certissime
6 iacet, ut populi communiter regni Fran-
6 corum elephantem in tempore imperatoris
7 Karoli viderunt. sed forsitan ideo hoc de
8 elephante ficte aestimando scriptum est, eo
9 quod genua et 8u£Pragines sui nisi quando
10 iacet non pal am apparent.
11 Jdem Julius narrat de Jndia: vi milia 36
12 CCCCLIII annos a Libero patre usque ad
13 Alexandrum Magnum fuisse scripserat.
14 idem aliud incredibile scripsit: bomines
15 Gangis fon tem colunt quod nullius escae
16 opus indigent, sed tantum odore vivunt
17 pomorum sîlvestrium, longiusque pergentes
18 eadem illi in praesidio gerunt ut olfactu
19 alantur: quod si tetriorem spiritum forte
20 traxerint, exanimari eos certum est. de
21 latitudine Gangis fluminis et Eupbratis
22 quam in isto libro scripsit, dubitans taceo.
1 Julius] Solin. 20 j 7 8 ficte] facte DV 1 1 Vi milia . . .]
sex milia quadringenti quinquaginta unus additis et am-
plius tribus mensibus Soîin. 62^ 6 15 Gangis fontem]
sic Letr. cum Solino 52^ 29 j gangis fontemque codd,
Gangis [aquas] fontemque Walck, II colunt] accolunt
Solin. li quod nuUins - 16 odore] nullius ad escam opis
indigi odore Solin, 16 vivunt] -iinnt X>, ibant (corr»
uiuunt) P 18 illi] illa Solin, 22 scripsi V
56 7, 8 L«tr.
r Jdem Julius locutus de Aegypto et j
Nilo uaturam corcodrilli refert rera faleia s
commisceos hie verbis: corcodriltus, malue S
quadrupes, et in terra et în flumiue pariter i
valet: linguam non habet: masillam movet 5
superiorem. et paulo post: qualia anser e
ineidet ova; metatur locum naturali pro- 7
TÎdentia, oec alibi fetus premit quam quo s
crescentis NilJ aquae non possunt perve- 9
nire. et paulo post: io aqua obtunsius vi- 10
dent, in terra acutissime. hieme oibum 11
nullum capiunt: quin etiam quattuor mensea 13
a coeptu brumae inedia exîgunt. alia quae is
scripsit de natura corcodrilli iduirco hie 14
praetermitto quia in xii. ethimologiarum m
libro quisquis voluerit inveniet. is
Jn aliîs quae secuntur illi non sum 17
credulus ita paulo ante dicenti: habitant ib
a corcodrilli] »ic D V, crocodilii F, crocodili Ltir.
cum Solino S corcodrillas- fi7, 10 fagiunl] SoUn. 32,
22. 23. 28 8 crocodilul Leir. II maluin Soiin. 6 aoKr]
ioseni Soim. 7 inaidel] iaBedeC (corr. insidetP} i>i> 7,
inaedit edili, tdit Salin. I] nieUtur (corr. melitar) P
IMocam] locnm nido Salin. 8 quo] ne Letr. am
Sulino, qnod tiin 9 creecentcs edili tl pasaint Solia.
10 obtnnlinB (con-, oblunaiu» P) DP, obtuncins V
11 12 nuUom dbnm Solin. tî qnaioor V edili
ÎS > coepto] acceptu DV 14 acripei codd. II cro-
codJi Letr. 15 ethimologimram] «ic V, sethj'nialngia-
rum P, aethimoligi&mni D, etjmologiBrum Leir. 17 se-
annntar editi It illi] cf. Salin. 32, 27
7,9. lOLetr. 57
1 in insula Nili homines forma exigui^ sed
2 audacia usque adeo periti ut corcodrillis
8 se offerant obvios: nam haec monstra fu-
4 gientia secuntur, formidant resistentes ; et
5 capiuntur, subactaque etiam intra aquas
e suas serviunt et perdomita metu ita obse-
7 cimtur ut inmemores atrocitatis victores
g suos equitantes in dorso vehant. banc ergo
9 insulam et banc gentem ubicumque iudicio
10 odoris persenserint procul fugiunt.
11 Jdem Julius in eodem praedicti pene 7,40
12 voluminis fine aliquas nominatim de Rubri
18 maris insulis ostendit dicens: in occiden-
14 tali mari Persidis Solis est insula rubens,
15 omni animantium generi inaceessa, quippe
16 quae omne animal iniatum perimit.
17 Jdem paulo post boc in fine sui libri: 41
18 ex Arabieis insulis, quas Acsitae Arabes
1 perexigui Solin. 2 adeo periti] eo praedlti Solin.
II corcodrillis] sic P, corcodrilli D V, crocodilis Letr, cum
Solino 3 4 fugientes Letr. cum Solino 4 sequun-
tur editi II et] ergo Solin. 6 subactique Letr. cum
Solino II inter PV 6 perdomita metu ita] perdo-
mitam (corr. perdomita P) et «ita DPV II perdomiti
Letr. cum Solino 6 7 obseqaantur editi 7 imme-
mores editi 8 dorso] in dorso Solin. 16 omne]
nullum non Solin. 54y 4 II perimat Solin. 17 post boc
J) P addunt est 18 ex Arabieis -58, 7 nam cura]
Solin. .56, 8. 9 ' 18 Acsitae] sic corr. P, acitae DP,
acite F, Ascitae Letr. cum Solino II arabaa V
58 7, 10. llLetr.
habent, dicunt esse insulam cui e re nata i
datum nomen: nam bubaleis utribus con« 2
tabulatas crates superponunt vectatique hoc 8
ratis genere praetereuntes infestant sagittis 4
7,42 venenatis. habitari etiam dicuntur Aethio- 5
piae adusta Trogoditarum et Jctiofagorum 6
nam cum .... ferulae surgunt ad arboris 7
magnitudinem , earum quae magnae sunt 8
expressae liquorem reddunt amarissimum, 9
quae candidas aquas revomunt etiam potui io
accommodatas. 1 1
43 Alteram insulam Junoniam appellari 12
ferunt pauxillae aedis ignobiliter ad culmen 13
1 e re nata] erenata PV, erenatte Z>, Erenata editi;
inmerito Noster a Letronnio ignoraniiae arguitur^^ quasi
Erenatam insulam sibi effinxerit: qaamquam enim Dicttil
Solini locum non verbotenus reddiditj tamen rec te dicere
potuit, insulam quandam Acsitarum (vel Ascitamim) e re
nata nomen accepisse: nam bubaleis utribus etc. 2 bu-
bulis Solin. II utribas] uiribus V 2 3 contabulatas]
est tabulatas V 3 crates] acrates {corr. rates P) DP
II vectitatique Solin. 4 ratis] gratis V 5 dicuntur]
sic P editi, adita DVW ante Aetliiopiae editi add, loca
6 Trogoditarum] sic P, tragoditarum D F, Trogodytarunj
Letr. cum Solino II Jchthyophagorum Letr. cum Solino
7 nam cum] fortasse natum e nationibus apud Solinum;
post nam cum lacunam indicavimus ; folium excidisse e
Solini codice, quo usus est Dicuil^ monuit Mommsenus ad
Solin. pag. 229, innuente iam Letronnio pag. 153 II feru-
lae - 11 accommodatas Solin. 56 ^ 15 8 magnae]
nigrae Z/C<r. cum Solino 9 liquorum (corr. liquorem P) DP
10 quae] atque Walpk., et quae Letr. II candidae VLetr.
11 euomunt V 12 Alteram - 59, 17 qualitatem] Solin,
56, 16-19 13 in qua pauxilla aedes - 59, l fasti-
giata Solin. 13 aedis] sic D^ edis reliqui
7, ll.l2Letr. 59
1 fastigiatam. tertia huic proximat eodem
2 nomine, nuda per omnia. quarto loco Ca-
8 praria appellatur, enormibus lacertis plus
4 quam aliae referta. sequitur Nivaria aere 7,44
5 nebuloso et coacto ac propterea semper ni-
6 yalis. deinde Canaria repleta canibus forma
7 eminentissimis, unde etiam duo exhibiti sunt
8 Jubae regi. in ea aedifieiorum durant
9 vestigia. avium magna copia, nemora po-
lo mifera, palmeta cariotas ferentia^ multa nux
1 1 pinea, larga mellatio, amnes siluris piscibus
12 habundantes. perhibent etiam expui in eam 45
18 undoso mari belluas: deinde cum monstra
14 illa cum putredine tabefacta sunt, omnia
15 illic infici tetro odore: ideoque non penitus
16 ad nuncupationem sui congruere inaularum
17 qualitatem.
18 JsidoruB in xii. ethimologiarum codice 46
19 de foenice ave Arabiae scripsit: foeuix
2 per] prope editi, om. Solin. 4 aliae om. D V Solin.
li inuaria V 6 nebolono [ corr. nebuloso P) DP
8 durandum V 10 cariotas] »ic D T, cariora» {corr.
cariora) P, caiyotas editi cum Solino II feritantia Solin.
11 pimea (suprascr. aliter rubra) P li larga inellatio]
mellis babnndantia marg. P ab alia manuj ut videtur
12 habundantes] sic P, abundontes reliqui cum Solino
II in eam] neam V 14 cum om. Letr. cum Solino
17 qualitatem] qualiter codd. 18 ethimologiarum]
sic V, aethymologiarnm P, aethimologiamm J), ethimolo-
giarum Letr. 19 foenice] sic codd., phoenice Letr^
hic et in sequentibus II foenix-60, 9 resurgit] Jsid. Î4,
7.22 19 foenix] enix V
60 7, 12Letr,
Arabiae avis dicta, quod colorem foeniceum i
habeat vel quod sit iu toto orbe siugularis 2
et uuica: nam Ârabes singularem et uni- s
cam foenicem vocaut. haec d ultra annis 4
vivens dum se viderit senuisse, coUectis 5
aromatum virgultis rogum sibi instruit et 6
conversa ad radium solis alarum plausu 7
voluntarium sibi incendium nutrit: sicque 8
iterum de ciueribus suiş resurgit. 9
7,47 Julius Solinus de Arabia locutus de io
praedicto alite sequentia scripsit: apud Ara- n
bes est foenix avis aquilae magnitudine, 12
capite honorato in conum plumis extanti- is
bus, cristatis faueibus, circa coUum fulgore u
aureo, postera parte purpureus praeter cau- 15
dam, in qua roseis pennis ceruleus inscri- ie
bitur nitor. probatum est XLta et Dtis eum 17
durare anuis. rogos sibi struit cynuamis 18
1 Arabiae - 3 unica om, D^ t;er«u uno in ima pagina
resecto 1 foenicam (coii', foeniceum) P, fenicium V
4 annos corr. P et Letr. cum Jsidoro 7 alamm
plausu om. D V 11 praedicto (corr. praedicta) P
li post alite P add. haec II sequentia scripsit] sic ait D V
11 apud Arabes-61,2 superpositis] &olin. 33 y 11.12
14 coUa Soîin. 15 praeter caudam] absque cauda
Solin. 16 caeruleuB Letr. II interscri bitur Solin.
17 XLta] XL Z) F II Dtis] o Z> F II eam editi 18 sibi]
snos Solin, II cinnamis Letr,
7, 12-14Letr. 61
1 quos prope Practheam concinunt in Solia
2 urbem struere altaribus superpositis.
3 Opazion Arabi ae insula nebulis cooperta 7, 48
4 in XVimo ethimologiarum volumine fertur
5 esse. quoniam in orientali oceano Âegypti
6 aţque australi Âethiopiae illius insulas esse
7 non legimus, sicut nec in mari Caspio.
8 Paucas insulas parvas Tyrrheni maris, 49
9 quas mulţi narrare praeterierunt, hic equi-
10 dem nuntiare congrue disposuit Jsi-
11 dorus in nono ethimologiarum libro. in-
12 suiam Sardum augusto freto a foenicis litore
18 separatam fore scripsit.
14 Priscianus in periegesi succedentes ver- 50
15 sus cecinit:
16 Panditur hinc pelagus^ tumidaque Pro- i
17 pontide fervet
1 Practheam concinunt] Panchaeam concinnat iietr.;
variant Solini codd. Panchaiam rec^it Mommsenus; Pa-
catam Plinii codd. 2 urbem] sic dedi ex SolinOj or-
beai codd. et editi II struere] strue Solin. II superpo-
sita Solin. 3 Opazion] sic P, opasyon V, opazyon 2),
Topazion Letr. cum Jsidoro 16^7. 9 4 ethimologiarum]
sic Vf aethymologiarum Py aethimologiarum />, etymo-
logiarum Letr. II volumine om. DV II fertum LcVr.
errore typogr. 8 tyrreni V 10 post nuntiare la-
cunam indicavi; excidit volo, cupio, vel simile qtUd
1 1 ethimologiarum] sic D F, aethymologiarum P, etymo-
logiarum Letr, 11 12 insulam Sardum] hune locum
apud Jsidorum non repperi 14 periegessi D 16 ce-
cinunt {corr, cecinit) DP 16 Panditur - 62, 18 Jonum]
Prisc. perieg. v.555-567 1 6 hic {corr. hinc P) DP V
62 7y 14 Letr.
(7,50) 2 Ad boream, saxisqne yiget Proconesus i
in illa. 2
3 Est etiam levis Euxini partibus una, 3
4 Quam Leucen perhibent, adversa Boris- 4
thenis amui, 5
6 Pascit aves quoniam multas candore 6
nivali. 7
6 Hic animas perhibent heroum laude b
potentes 9
7 Degere securas, virtutis munere pulchro. 10
8 Cimmerium recta sed si quis Bosporon u
ibit, 12
9 Cernitur huic, dextra vastae Meotidis 13
unda 14
10 Jnsula mole gravi stans Alopecea lata, 15
11 Postquam Phenagoren Hermonasamque I6
nepotes 17
12 Egregiae quondam coluerunt gentis Jo- is
num. 19
1 proconosus V 3 ennixi DV 4 lencem D
ii anersa V 4 6 Boristhenis] sic dedif boresthenis codd^f
Borysthenis Letr, cum Prisciano 11 ciminineriuin P,
comminermm V 11 12 bosphoro nimbit V 18 vaste D V
14 unda] sic PVj nndae reliqui 15 gravi stans Alopecea
lata] sic Letr. cum Prisciano , gravis tam sola pecea
lata PVf gravis tam sola pete alata D 16 Hermo-
nassamque Letr, cum Prisciano 18 egrogrie P li quod-
dam codd, II incolnerunt P
7, ISLetr. 63
1 Julius de Scithtcis insulis: insula Apoi- 7,51
2 linitarum LXXXta milibuH passuum abest a
8 Bosporo Traciae circa Histrum sita, ex
4 qua Lucullus ApoUinem Capitolinum nobis
5 extulit. ante Boristhenen Achillis insula
6 est cum aede sacra, quam aedem nuUus
7 ingreditur ales, et qui forte advolaverit
8 raptim fugam properat.
9 Jdem Julius de Boristhene flumine Io- 52
10 cutus paulo ante: apud Neuros nascitur
11 Boristhenes flumen, in quo pisces egregii
12 saporis et quibus ossa nulla sunt nec aliud
13 quam cartilagines tenerrimae. verum Neuri,
14 ut accipimus, aestatis temporibus in lupos
16 transfigurantur : deinde exacto spatio quod
16 huic sorti attributum est, in pristinam fa-
17 ciem revertuntur.
1 Jnlius] illius D II Scithicis] sic D V, scvtbicis re-
liqui II insula- 8 properat] Solin. 19^ 1 1 2 ApoUo-
nitarom Solin, 2 passuum] rasuum D, nasuum P
8 bosphoro V II Traciae] sic P, tracie i)K, Thracîae
Letr.f Thracio Solin. II circa] citra Solin, 4 Incnlns
{corr. lacuUns P) DPy M. Lucullus Solin. II nubis
(corr. nabis P) DPV 5 Borysthenen L«^r. li Achillifi]
sic Letr. cum SolinOj bancillis i>P, bec illis V 6 nuUus]
nulla Solin. 7 qui] quae Solin. 9 borlBthenen (corr.
boristbene P) DPV^ Borysthene Letr. 10 apud - 17 re-
vertuntur] Solin. lâf 1.2 11 Borystbenes Letr, cum
Solino 14 accepimus Solin, II aestatis] statis Salm,
16 sortior tributum {corr. sorti ad tributnm P) DP
64 8, 1. 2 Letr.
8, 1 Post haec Tyrrheni maris latitudo in i
quot milibus passuum dilatatur, hic scribi 2
congruit secundam missos Theodosii. Ion- 3
gitudo Syriae ab australi parte minoris 4
Asiae incipit, ac tangens Arabiam et infe- 5
riorem Aegyptum finitur. in quo spatio e
CCCCLXX niilia passuum fieri scripserunt. 7
ipsa est iuxta Syriam latitudo maris Tyr- s
rheni, cuius longitudo ab insulis Gadibus 9
usque ad Syriam amplior extenditur quam 10
longitudo Europae vel Africae. n
2 Jnsula Cyprus in cosmographia CLXXV 12
milia habere in longitudine legitur, et laţi- 13
tudine cxxv mii. passuum, et Creta in Ion- 14
gitudine CLXXII ab oriente in occidentem 15
atque in latitudine l mii. passuum. ie
3 Plinius Secundus de Sicilia latitudine- i?
qiie maris Tyrrheni haec dicit in quarto is
libro: verum ante omnes claritate Sicilia, 19
Sicania Tuchidide dicta, Trinacria pluribus 20
1 tyrreni V 5 arabia V 6 quo spatio] quos
naţio D 7 milia om. DV 8 ipsa ost - 1 1 Euro-
pae vel Africae] super versibus deletis a correctore re-
scripta P 8 9 tyrreni F, tyrrhenis D 9 cuius]
cui editi 11 vel] et editi 12 Jnsula Cyprus
- 16 mii. passuum] cf. Aeth. p,732 Gron. aed discrepant
numeri 14 mii. om. codd. 15 clxxii] clxxvii D V
ii orientem {corr. oriente P) DP 16 mii. om. DV
18 tyrreni DV 19 verum-66, 13 Cătina] Plin.B, 86
-89 20 Thucydide Letr. cum Plinio II post pluribus
Plin. add. aut Trinacia
8, 2 Letr. 66'
1 a triangula specie, circuitu patens, ut auctar
2 est Agrippa, Dcxviii. quondam Brutio agro
3 coherens: mox interfuso mari avulsa, xv
4 in longitudinem freto, in latitudinem autem
5 I ac dimidium iuxta Columnam Regiam.
6 ab hoc dehiscendi argumente Regium Oreci 8,4
7 nomen dedere oppido in margine Jtaliae
8 sito. in eo freto scopulus est Scylla, item
9 Caribdis mare vertigoso ambae clarae se-
10 vitîa. ipsius Triquadrae, ut diximus, pro- 5
11 muntorium Pelorum vocatur adversum Scyl-
i2lam vergens in Jtaliam: Pachinum in Gre-
18 ciam, CCCCXL ab eo distante Peloponense.
14 LilibeUm in Africam CLXXX intervallo a
16 Mercurii promuntorio, et a Caralitimo Sar-
16 diniae CXC inter se autem promuntoria
17 ac latera distantia spaciis. terreno itinere 6
2 ante Dcxvni editi addunt m. p. li quandam {corr,
quondam P) D P II Brotio] «ic P, brucio DV^ Bruttio
Letr. cwn Plinio 3 post x^ editi addunt m. 5 Rhe-
giam Letr. ctnn Plinio 6 dehiscendi] sic editi cum
Plinio, discindi codd. II Rhegium Letr, cum Plinio
9 Charybdis Letr. cum Plinio II verticosum Letr. cum
Plinio 11 ambo Plin, 10 triquetrae Plin. 10 11 pro-
muntorium] sic 2), promunctorium F, promontorium P
Letr. cwn Plinio 11 pello rum (corr. pelorum P) DP
12 Pachynum Letr. cum Plinio 12 18 Greciam]
gretia DP, grecia V 13 14 Peloponneso. Lilybaeum
Letr. cum Plinio 15 promunctorio F II a om. codd.
16 promuntoria {corr. promtinctoriaP) DP, promunctoria T,
promontoria editi, et sicporro 17 ac latera] accatera D V
II distantia spaciis] distant his spatiis Plin., bis distantia
spatiis Letr.
5
66 8, 2 Letr.
a Peloro Paohînum CLîXXVi, inde Lilibeum i
CC, înde Pelorum CXLII. coloniae ibi urbes 2
aut civitates LXIII. a Peloro mare Joniam, g
ora ezpectante oppido Mesana civium Ro- 4
mauorum qui Mamertini vocantur: promun- 5
torium Drepanum, colonia Tauromenium $
quae antea Naxos, flumen Asines, mons 7
Ethna nocturnis mirus incendiîs. crater s
eîus patet ambitu stadia xx, favilla Tau- 9
romenium et Catinam usque pervenit fer- 10
vene, fragor vero ad Mauroneum et Ge- 11
mellos coUes. soopuli tres Ciclopum, por- 12
tus Ulixis, colonia Cătina. 18
S,l Sic a Mercurii promuntorio usque ad 14
oppidum Regium in margine Jtaliae situm 15
CCCXXiii m. passuum et amplius inveniuntur. I6
sed a Lilibeo usque ad Regium non ad 17
1 Pachinum - 8 a Peloro] nonnisi m margine inferiore
kabet P 1 Pachinum] tic D et marg. P, pachjnnm
V Letr. cum Plinio II Lilibeam] tic D, lilibeam marg, P,
Lilybaeum V Letr, cum Plinio II po$t inde V repetit
terreno itinere a peloro pachinum clxxxvi. inde lilibeum
CC. inde pelorum. 2 cxLn] clxx Plin, II post ibi
J^in. habet v, 4 spectante, oppidum Messana Letr,
cum Plin. 6 depranum DV 8 Aetna Letr, cum
Plinio 10 usque pervenit fervens] tupra litteris deletis
rescriptaP 11 MaroneumHm. 12 Ciclopum] tic D F,
cicoplum {corr, cidoplum) P, Cjclopum Letr. cum plinio
1 8 Ulixis] ticDV Plin., ulyxis P, Ulyssis Letr. 1 6 Rhe-
gium Letr, 16 ocoxxiii] cc.xxni P 17 Lilibeo]
tic Vf lylibeo DP, Lilybaeo Letr, ii Rhegium Letr.
8, 2 Letr. 67
1 septentrionem in directum nayigium porri-
2 gitur, sed ad boream mensura declinat:
8 namque ad septentrionem usque ad Jtaliam
4 quot milia sunt scriptum non repperi.
6 Jn xinimo ethimologiarum libro de Si- 8,8
6 ciliae circuitu ita scriptum admiror: omnis
7 ambituft eias clauditnr stadiorum tribus mi-
8 libus, quae sine dubio tantum CCCLXXV pas-
9 siium sunt. hoc non errore factoris, sed
postea scriptorum fore existimo. Jsidorum
1 enim v milia stadiorum scripsisse autumo,
2 quae fiunt dcxxv passuum.
8 Julius Solinus de monte Ethna: in d
4 Ethna vero hiatus duo sunt, crateres no-
5 minaţi, per quos eructatus erumpit vapor,
^ praemisso prius fremitu, qui per aestuantes
^ cavernarum latebras longo mugitu intra
^ terrae viscera divolvitur, nec ante se
2 borream DV 8 ad septentrionem] aic D et
pr, m. P, a septentrione V corr. P ei editi II italia V
i. quod J>V 11 reperi V Letr. 5 etbimologiamm]
sic V, aethimologiarum DP, etymologianiin Letr. 6 ad-
minor J), admilor V 7 8 tribns milibus] apud Jsi-
dorum (14f 6, 34) nune legitWy ut Dicuil recte autu^
mavit: ambîtns eins (Siciliae) clauditur stadioram qnin-
qne milinm 18 in £tbna-68, 2 antecedant] Solin.
5, 9 13 14 in Etbna vero] in Aetnae vertice Solin^
14 Etbna] Aetna Letr. cum Solino, et sic in sequentibus
II crateses codd, 1 6 aestnentes (corr, aestuantes) Z>
17 mnrgitu D 18 nec ante se] sic editi cum SolinOy
mecantesse DP^ micantesse V
68 8, 2 Letr.
flammarum globi attoUunt quam interni i
strepitus anteoedant. 2
S, 10 Servius in commentario librorum Vir- s
gilii iibi narrat in tertio Aeneidos: 4
Portus ab accessa Teniorum immotus et 5
ingens $
Jpse, sed horrificis iuxta tonat Ethna 7
ruinis ; g
haec ita docet : Ethna constat ab ea parte, 9
qua eurus vel africus flant, habere spelun- 10
cas et plenas sulphuris et usque ad mare 11
deductas. hae speluncae recipientes in se 12
fluctus ventum creant, qui agitatus ignem id
gignit ex sulphure, unde est quod videtur 14
incendium. hoc autem certum esse illa 15
comprobat ratio, quia et aliis flantibus I6
ventîs nihil ex se mittit, et pro modo fla- 17
tuum euri vel africi interdum fumum, in- ig
terdum favillas, nonnumquam vomit in- 19
cendia. 20
11 Priscianus in periegesi postquam de 21
Sicilia narravit, de duabus insulis iuxta 22
1 flamaram V II atollunt P 2 antecedent coâd»
4 narrant DV 9 Ethna - 20 incendia] Btfrv* ad Aen,
■3, 571 9 Ethna] Aetnam Serv. 10 qua] qaae D
12 dednctns DP 14 unde est] ande ease P 15 cer-
tam esse] certam est P, veram esse Serv. 17 nichil V
Wtx şese emittit Serv. II mittit (corr. emîttit) P
8, S. S Letr. 69
1 Afiricam hoc est iuxta minorem Syrtim re*
2 tulit baec:
8 Ad noton est pontas Libiae Syrtisque
4 yadosa
5 Maior: at ulteritts si pergas, cerne mi*
6 norem
7 Occiduam: iuxta quam Menix insula
8 fulget
9 Et Cemina simul Libica statione pa*
10 tentes.
11 Julius Solinus de promuntoriis Africae, 8,12
12 de Libia Cirinacia dicens, baec docet:
18 omnis Afirica Zeugitano pede incipit, pro-
14 muntorio Apollinis Sardiniae controverso,
16 promuntorium Mercurii procedens in fron*
16 tem Sicaniam: proinde extenta in duas
17 prominentias, quarum altera promuntorium
1 syrtia: D 8 Ad noton -10 patentes] Priac. per,
V, 506-509 8 noton (corr. notton) P ii libie K,
lybiae />P, Libyae Letr, cum Solino II sirtisq^ £> V
5 ad codd. 7 Meninx Letr, cum Solino 9 Cer-
nina] aic DP, oerinna V, Cercina Letr,, Cercinna Priac.
II lybica codd. 12 lybia codd, II Cyrenaica Letr,
18 omnis -70, 2 vocant] Solin, 27, 1 18 Zeugitano]
tengitano codd,, a Zeugitano Letr, cwn Solino 14 Apol-
lonis Letr. U controversa Letr., contraversa Soli».
15 promuntnrio Mercurii Solin. 15 16 frontem] foi»-
tem V, fortem (corr. fontem) D 16 Şicanam editi
cum Solino 17 prominent codd.
70 8, 8. 4 Letr.
Candidum dicitur, altera quae est in Ciri- i
nacia regione quam Ficontem vocant. 2
8,13 Plinius Secundus postquam in quarto 3
naturalis historiae libro de Jtalia scripserat, 4
paulo post de insula Corsica haec scripsit: 5
in Ligustico mari est Corsica, quam Greci 6
Cirinon appellavere, sed Tusco propior, a 7
septentrione in meridiem proiecta, longa s
passuum CLX milia, lata maiore circuitu ex y
parte cccxxv mii., abest a vadis Volater- 10
ranis lxii. civitates babet xxxii et colo- n
nias. 13
14 Jdeni post pauca dicit: Sardinia minus 13
octo milia passuum a Corsicae extremis. 14
idem *post pauca: Sardinia ab oriente pa- 15
tens CLXXXii miL, ab occidente CLXXV. ie
1 altera] alteram Solin. 1 2 Cirinacia] sie Walck,,
cirenacia PF, cirenatia i), Cyrenaica Letr. ciim Solino
2 quaiu om. Solin. ii Phycantem Letr. cum Solino
3 quarto] tertio Letr. 4 îtali {corr. italia P) DP
6 in Ligustico - 12 colonias] Plin. 3y 80 7 Cirinon]
Cyrnon Letr. cum Plinio II proprior DP 9 clx]
CL Plin. II milia] sic Walck.t miilia Letr., om. codd.
9 10 maiore circuitu ex parte] maiore ex parte l
circuitu Letr. cum Plinio 10 mii. om. codd. 13 Sar->
dinia- 14 extremis] Plin. 3 y 83 14 milia] roi-
libus Letr. cum Plinio 15 Sardinia - 7 1 , 2 ce] Plin.
3, 84 16 CLXxxii] CLXXxviu Plin. W post clxxv apud
Plinium legitur: a meridie lxxvii milia, a septentrione
cxxv
8, 4Letr. 71
1 circuitus eius dlxv. alias ab Afrioa Ca-
2 ralitano promuntorio cc.
3 Ju libro ethimologiarum xiiil. de in- 8,15
4 sula Sardinia sic scriptum est: Sardus ab
5 Hercule procreatus cam magna multitudine
6 a Libia profectus Sardiniam occupavit et
7 ex suo vocabule insulae nomen dedit. haec
8 in Africo mari facie vestigii bumani in
9 orientem quam in occidentem latior pro-
10 minet^ ferme paribus lateribus quae in me-
ii ridiem et septentrionem vertunt. ex quo
12 ante commercium a navigantibus Qrecorum
13 Jcbus appellata est. terra patet in longi-
14 tudinem mii. cxl, in latitudinem XL.
15 Jta ab Jtalia id edt a vadis Yolaterranis ig
16 usque ad Corsicam mii* LXii; longitudo Cor-
17 sicae clx; ab extremis boc est a promun-
18 torio Corsicae usque ad Sardiniam minus
19 quam vni; latitudo Sardiniae a septentrione
20 in austrum xl; a Sardinia usque ad Afri-
21 cam CC. quae omnia pariter coniuncta
1 alias] abest Plin, 1 2 caralitan />P, carali-
tanon V 3 ethimologîarum] sic V, aetbimologiaram DP,
etjmologiaram Leir. 4 Sardus- 14 xl] Jsid, 14,6,
39. 40 4 ab om. Jtid. 6 lybia codd. 11 pro-
tecttis codd, 9 oriente et occidente Jsid. 13 Jcbus]
fyvoc Jsid.^ Jchnus Letr, It est om. Jsid. 13 14 lon-
gitudine et latitudine PV Jsid. 16 mii. om. DV
II Lxu] LXXII P 17 post CLX editi add, mii.
72 8, 4. 6 Letr.
quaei OCCCLXX mii. passuum complent. ista i
est in illa parte latitudo maris Tyrrheni. 2
% 17 Sed quam Plinius Secundus dixit ab a
extremis Corsicae usque ad Sardiaiam minus 4
quam milia viii esse a promuntorio Corsi- &
Oae extendente se ad Sardiniam, illa men- 6
sura constat: quoniam xx mii. quae in 7
primo Orosii libro atque in xiili. ethimo- 8^
logiarum scripta sunt, non ad promuntoria ^
sed ad communia utrarumque insularum io
latera pertinent: ipsius Corsicae latitudinem 1 1
in Orosii libro primo per xxxvi mii. pas- vi
suum dilatări legimus. ia
18 Julius Solinus de Hispania nuntians de i4
Qaditano freto haeo refert: Gaditanum fre- 16-
tum a Gadibus insulis dictum Athlanticus ia
aestus in nostrum mare discidium immittit i7
orbis. nam oceanus, quem Graii sic no- ia
minant de celeritate, ab occasu solis in* i»
1 mii. om, codd. II ista] ita editi 2 tyrreni V
6 milia om, Letr. 6 extente (corr, extendente P) DP,
extendens V II sarciniaro DP 7 mii. om, D
8 in om P editi 8 9 ethimologiarnm]. 5}c F, aethi-
mologiarum DP^ etymologiarum Letr, 10 commonia D
11 Corsicae latitadinem] tenet antero (Corsica) in l.ongo
millla passuum centum sexaginta, in lato millia viginti
sex. Oro*, hist. 1,2 12 mii. om, codd. 15 Ga-
ditanum - 73, 7 aequoris] SoUn. 23, 13. 14 16 in-
sulis om. Solinus II Atlanticus Letr, 17 discidio Solin.,
18 nam] «te Letr, cum Solino, non codd.
8, 6 Letr. 78
1 rumpens levo latere Europam radit, Afri-
2 cam dextero, scissisque Calpe et Abinna
3 montibus quos dicunt Columnas Herculia,
4 inter Mauros funditur et Hkpaniam: ac
^ freto isti^ cuius xv mii. passuum efficit Ion-
6 gitudo, latitudo vix septem^ quodam ostio
7 aperit limen interni aequoris. eandem Ion-
8 gitudinem fretum Gaditanum et fretum Si-
9 ciliae habent.
10 De cuius latitudine in tertio decimo 8, 19
11 ethimologiarum libro haec scripta sunt:
A2 fretum Siciliae est artissimum^ trium milium
13 spatio Siciliam ab Jtalia dividens, sed iuxta
U Columnam Uegiani, ut Plinius Secundus
16 praescripsit, in latitudine miile ac dimidium
16 solummodo habet, id est integram leugam,
17 boc est XII stadia, quia unum stadium CXXY
18 passus posjsidet, unus passus quinque pe-
19 dibus mensuratur.
20 Latitudine maris Tyrrheni quater me- 20
21 tata, ad metendam Brittaniam stilum ver*
22 tere conabor. Julius Solinus de illa scripsit
1 eurapam D 5 mii. om. DP 6 latitndo om. V
11 ethimologianim] aic V, aethymologtarum D, aethi-
mologiarum P, etymologiarum Letr. 12 fretam - 18 di-
videns] Jaid. 13 j 18. 3 12 sicilia P II arctissimum
ediU 14 Bfaegiam Letr, .20 latitudlnem codd.
ii tyrreni V 21 Brittaniam] sic DP, brittanniam V Walck*,
Britanniam Letr, II stjlum Letr.
74 8, 6. 6 Letr.
haec : finis erat orbis ora Qallici litoris, nisi i
Brittauia insula qualibet amplitudine nomen 2
pene orbis alterius mereretur: DCCCta enim 3
et amplius milia passuum in longitudine 4
detinet, in latitudine ccu. 5
8,21 Jdem paulo post: multis insulis nec 6
ignobilibus circumdatur, quarum Hibernia 7
ei proximat magnitudine, alias ita pabulosa g
ut pecora, nisi interdum a pastibus arcean- 9
tur, ad periculum agat. 10
22 Jdem paulo post: sed mare quod inter n
banc et Brittaniam interluit undosum in- is
quietumque toto in anno nonnisi pauculis 13
diebus est navigabile, idque in centum vi- u
ginţi milia passuum latitudinis dijffunditur. 15
inter Brittaniam et Morinos in Gallia Bel- ie
gica, ubi civitas Rutupi portus est, unde 17
in Brittaniam proximus et brevissimus est is
1 finis > 6 ccta] Solin, 22, 1 2 Brittania] sic DP,
brittanuia V Walck,, Britannia Letr. Ii qualib«t] non
qualibet Solin, 4 in longitudine] longa Solin, 6 in
latitudine octa] om. Solin. 6 multis -10 agat] Solin.
22 f 2 8 post magnitudine Solinus habet: inhumana in-
colarum ritu aspero 9 pecora] pecua Solin. 9 10 ac-
ceantur J) 10 post agat Solin. add. satias 11 sed
mare- 16 diffUnditur] Solin. 22, 5, 6 12 Brittaniam]
sic DP, brittanniam V Walck., Britanniam Letr. 18 non-
nisi] nisi V 16 Brittaniam et] hic om. Letr. et post
Belgica addit et Britanniam ; rectius !l murinos D V
18 Brittaniam] sic codd., Brittanniam Walck., Britanniam
Letr,
8, 6 Letr. 75
1 transitus, in milibus l passuum; sive ut
2 quidam scripserunt in CCCCL stadiis lati-
8 tndo maris coartatur.
4 Jdem Jnlius paulo post: circuitus Brit- 8,23
5 taniae quadragies octies LXXY sunt. si
6 quis voluerit ipsius circuitus mensuram
7 scriptam ab Juiio facilius intellegere
s iui DCCCCes sive DCCCC lîîîe» certe fore co-
9 gnoscat. sed si alicui tardanti ingenio
haec dimensio non satisfecerit, miliaria signa
1 in fine singulorum milium, verbi causa
2 miliarios lapides esse fingat, in quibus xxx
a iapidum et dc simpliciter lapides fieri quis
4 dubitabit?
5 Plinius Secundus in tertio libro dicit: 24
6 octogenis cubitis super Brittaniam intu-
7 mescere aestus Pytheas Masiliensis auctor
8 est.
8 coartatur] sic D V, coarctatar P Letr. 4 Julius]
cf. Solin. 22f 10 4 5 Brittaniae] tic £>, brittannie F,
Britanniae P Letr, 5 occies D V 7 intelligere V edd.
9 mi DCCCC] »*c Letr. recUf cccc dcccc DPV II occcces
sive DCCCC. cccc ea] svpra litteris deletis rescrytta P
It DCCCC iîîî] Dccco />, ted prima numus tt^a certe
add. cccc ea 13 oo] de F 14 dabitaait V
16 octogeois- 18 auctor est] Plin. 2, 217 16 Britr
taniam] aic codă^ Brittanniam lVtdek.f Britanniam Letr.
17 ante Pytheas editi add. ut I) Massiliensis editi
7€ 8, 7. 8 Letr.
Jn cosmographia legitur^ quod Salina- i
ram lactts in Africa, qui est in Tripolitana 2
provinţia et in regione Besatio, in lunari a
mense creseit atque deorescit. 4
8,25 Plinius Secundus in tertio lib.ro: altis- 5
aimum mare xv stadiorum Fabianus tradit. e
sed quis credet Fabianum totius proftmdi- 7
tatem oceani poase scire? 8
26 De septem rebus sequentibus in cos- »
mographia haec scripta sunt: 10
Orientalis pars habet măria viii, insu- ii
las viiii, montes vii, provintias vn, oppida i»
LXXV, flumina xvii, gentes xum. 1»
27 Meridiana pars habet măria 11, insulas ii
XVI, montes VI, provintias XVII, oppida LXII, u
flumina vi, gentes xxiiii, ie
28 Occidua pars habet măria viii, insulas 17
XV, montes xv, provintias XXV, oppida is
Lxxvi, flumina xiii, gentes xxiiii. 19
29 Septentrionalis pars habet măria xi, 20
insulas xxxi, montes xii, provintias xvi, 21
oppida LVII, flumina xvim, gentes xxiiii. 22
8 Bezatio] sic P, bozacio V, bszatio D, Bysacio Letr
5 altissimnm - 6 tradit] Plin. 2, 223 11 - 18 c/. Atthic
p.706 Gron. 14-16 cf, Aethie. p,720 15 lxii
XLII V 17 - 19 c/". Aethie. p.711 17 măria vni
măria vii V 20-22 cf. Aeihic. p. 717
8, 8. 9 Letr.
77
1 Omnifl orbis habet mana xxviiii, insu- 8,30
2 las Lxxn, montes XL, provintias lxy, op-
8 pida CCLXXXI, flumina lv, gentes cxvi.
4 Sed ne litterator reprehendat quod cor* 31
5 porales et visibiles bic dixi, Prisciani testi-
6 monium in codice quem de duodecim pri-
7 mis versibus xii librorum Âeneidos scrip-
'8 derat, accipiat. quia disputans de primo
9 versu terţii illorum haec tractat dicens:
10 quidam grammatici incorporalia solent res
11 dicere: tamen vera ratione omnia quae sunt
12 sive corporalia sive incorporalia, res pos-
18 sunt nominari, sicut bic res Asiae dixit
14 Virgilius pro opes Asiae et res publica et
1-3 c/. Aethic. p. 706 1 măria xxviiii] ratio constat
1 2 insuUe lxxii] stmt Lxxt 2 montes xL, pro-
yintias lzv] ratio constat 2 8 appida coucxxi] tuni
CCLXX 8 ânmina lv, gentes cxvi] ratio constat
măria
insal.
montes
prov.
oppida
ânmina
gentea
Orientalis pars
S
9
7
7
75
17
44
Meridiana pars
2
16
6
17
62
6
24
Occidoa pars
8
16
15
25
76
18
24
Septentr. pars
11
81
12
16
67
19
34
29
71
40
65
270
56
116
Omnis orbis
29
72
40
65
281
55
116
8 disputări V 10 quidam - 78, 1 nxoria] Prise. t, 2
p,475, 70 'Hertz 10 gramatici V II tres {corr, res) P
11 vera ratione] veneratione codd, 14 airgil' F, nir-
gulis (corr, airgiliuB P) DP II opes (âuprascr, opibns) P,
ope V
78 8, 9, 9, 1 Letr»
res familiares et res uxoria. et haec divi- i
num eloquium apnd nos in Exodo con- 2
fineai, ubi dicit: non concupiscea rem g
proximi tui. 4
9, 1 Post haec novissime in cacumina mon- &
tium ascendam. Julius Solinus de Thes- e
salia narrans de monte Oljrmpo ita retulit: 7
Olympum ab Homero non per audaciam g
celebratum docent quae in eo visitantor. 9
primum excellenti vertice tantns extoUitur 10
ut summa eius caelum accolae vocent. ara 1 1
est in cacumine eius Jovi dicata^ euius al- 12
taribua »i qua de extis inferuntur, non is
difflantur ventosis spiritibus nec pluviis di- 14
luuntur, sed volvente anno cuiusmodi re- 15
licta fuerint eiusmodi repperiontur: et om- ie
nibus tempestatibus ac corruptelis aura- 17
rum vîndicatur quicquid ibi semel est deo is
consecratum. 19
2 m Exodo {20 1 17) legitwr: non concnpisces domam
proximi tai .... nec omnia quae illins snnt. 2 8 con-
firmat om, DV 6 Solinus] cf, Solin. 8,5,6 6 7 tes-
salia D 7 ita] ista V 8 ab Homero D ponit post
audaciam II omero (corr. homero P) DP, hemero V
9 eo] sic Letr, cum Solino, ea codd, 10 attollitnr
Solin. 11 eins om, Solin. 18 non] nec Solin,
14 diâantar codd. 16 repperinntnr] sic DP, repe-
rinatnr V Letr. 17 18 auamm {corr. aaramm) P,
aularum D II post aurarum D add, eano 18 uendi-
catur D V II deo] de eo DP
9, 2. 8 Letr. 79
1 Jn xilii. ethimologiarum volumine haec 9, 2
2 dicantur: Atlios mons Macedoniae et ipse
8 altior Dubibus tantoque sublimis, ut iu
4 Lemnum insulam umbra eius pertendat^
6 quae ab eo lxxvii milibus separatur.
6 Julius Solinus in coUectaneis haec de 3
7 monte Athlante docuit: Athlas mons e
8 media barenarum consurgit vastitate et
9 eductus in viciniam lunaris circuli ultra
10 nubila caput condit: qua ad oceanum ex-
1 1 tenditur, cui a se nomen dedit, mânat fon-
12 tibus, nemoribus inhorrescit, rupibus aspe-
18 ratur, squalet ieiuna humo nuda nec her-
j4 bida: qua contra Africam versus est, felix
15 nascentibus sponte frugibus, arboribus pro-
16 ceris opacissimus, quarum odor gravis,
17 comae cupressi similes vesti untur lanugine
18 sericis velleribus nihil viliore. in eo latere 4
19 et herba euforbea copiosa, cuius sucus ad
1 ethîmologiarum] aic V, aethimologiamm DP, ety-
mologiamm Letr, 2 Athos - 5 separatur] Jtid, orig,
14, 8, 10 6 Solinus] ef. Solin. 24, 8-10 ti in col.
lectaneis om. DV 7 Atlante ei Atlas Letr, II pott
Athlante D repetit haec 8 media] ne dedi cwn 80-
lino, medio eodd. II arenamm editi 9 nicinia V
10 qna] «te Letr, cum Soîmo, qnae DP, qne V
18 ieinna] îeinnio Solin, 14 Africam contra Soim.
18 nihil] aic DP, nichil V, nihilo editi cwn Solino
If viliore] niolare DPV 19 et] «ic i) cum Solino,
est reliqui II enphorbia Letr,, enphorbea Solin, II snccoa
editi
80 9, 3 Letr.
oculorum profiuit claritatem nec medio- i
criter percellit vim venenorum. vertex 2
semper nivalis. saltus eius quaârupedes s
ac serpentes et ferae et cum his elephanti 4
occupaverunt. silet per diem universtts 5
nec sine horrore secretus est, lucet noctur- 6
nis ignibus, choris egipanum undique per- i
sonatur: audiuntur et cantuâ tibiarum et 8
tinnitufi cymbalorum. 9
9,5 De eodem Jsidorus Athlante in xilii. io
ethimologiarum scripsit libro : Athlas cogno- 1 1
mînatur qai propter altitudînem suam quasi 12
caeli machinam atque astra sustentare vi- 18
detur. 14
6 Dao hic quasi contraria Julius Solinus 15
de Athlante monuit: quod ultrâ nubila 16
caput condit qua ad oceanum extenditur, 17
et quod vertex eius semper nivălis. si is
vertex eius semper nivalis est, transcendere 19
semper nubes non potest, et si nubes sem- 20
per altitudo illius excedit, non solum num- 21
quam tegi sed .nec tangi nivibus valet. 82
1 oculariam Solin, 2 uenorum P 8 qnadrapes
{corr. qnadrupedes) P 4 et ferae] fere Solin. 7 aegi-
panom D Letr. 10 Jsidorus] orig, 14,8. î 7 II Atlante
Letr. 11 etbimologiarum] «ic K/ aethîmologiarum DP,
etymologiarum Letr. II Atlas Letr. 13 machina V
15 hic] haec D ii Solinus] 24^ 8 16 Atlante Letr.
17 condit] credit V
9, 8 Letr. 81
1 nives etenim et grandines ac pluviae atque
2 tonitrua, fulminaque non ascendunt a nu-
8 bibus sed semper de nubibus descendunt.
4 in eo quod innuit^ quod eductus in viei- 9,7
5 niam lunaris circuli ultra nubila caput con-
6 dit qua ad oceanum extenditur, manifeste
7 instruit in aliquibus pinnis Athlantem trans-
8 cendere nubes quarum circum latera nives
9 tamquam coronam facere puto. et cum 8
10 Jsidorus tacuit illum transire altius nubes
11 quod vix excedit ipsas existimo. ac dum
12 Julius verticem eius niveam semper esse
18 scripserat, in aliquibus plagis altitudinis
14 sui inferioribus praedictis nivibus semper
16 tegi monstratur. quae duo climata in 9
16 quarto Aeneidos Virgilius ostendit aiens:
17 Jlla fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat i
18 Nubila: namque volans apicem et latera 2
19 ardua cernit
20 Athlantis duri, caelum qui vertice fulcit, 8
21 Athlantis cinctum assidue cui nubibus 4
22 atris
1 plnviae] polviae D 2 tronitraa D II fulminaque]
«te V, fluminaqţ DP, fulmina editi 3 nolibus V
4 innnit] sic F, imbuit reliqui 4 5 uicinia V 5 nu-
bilia J) 7 Atlantem Letr, 11 vix] nix V ii ex-
cedat editi 16 Aeneidos i, 245-261 II uirgr V
17 Jlla -tranat repetit D 18 iamque Letr, II nolens
{corr, nolans P) DP 20 e< 21 Atlantis Letr, et sic
porro
6
82 9, d- 4 L«tr.
5 Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et i
ymbri. 2
6 Nix humeros infusa tegit: turn fiumina 8
mento 4
7 Praecipitant senis et glacie riget horrida 5
barba. 6
9, 10 Jn tertio versu huius exempli prae- 7
scripto altissima cacumina dixisse autumo^ 8
in aliis succedentibus ipsis inferiora mon- 9
strasse opinor. 10
11 Plinius Secundus in libro secundo na- 11
turalis historiae de altissimo Thessaliae 12
monte refert. Dicearchus vir in primis is
eruditus regum cura permensus montes, ex 14
quibus altissimum prodidit Pelion mîlibus 15
CCL passuum ratione perpendiculi. in alţi- ie
tudine ascensionis Alpium l fore legi,->sed 17
non recordor in quo libro repperi. 18
12 Quanquam Priscianus in periegesi Pyr- 19
reneum Hispaniae montem sublimem nimis 20
fieri in hoc versu edocuit dicens: 21
2 imbri editi \3 tam] cum V 8 altissima (corr.
altisima) P II authumo (corr. a utumo P) DP 11 Pli-
nius 2y 162 13 Dicaearchus Letr, 14 permenses V
15 16 milibus ccl] mcol Plin. 18 non recordor
in quo libro repperi] quosdam Alpium vertices longo
tractu nec breviore quinqnaginta milium passnum ad-
surgere. Plin, 2,162 ii repperi] sic DP, reperi V Letr.
19 Prisciani perieg. v. 337 19 20 Pyrenaenm Letr. et
sic porro 20 snblimen D 21 fieri] sic D V, ier P,
om. editi
9, 4. 5 Letr. 83
1 Pyrrenes caelum qui tan^t vertice
2 summo,
3 tamen Jsidorus Hispaniensis episcopus in
4 xim. libro praedicto Solurium montem
5 6886 Pyrren60 excelsiorem hls 86rmonibu8
6 ost6ndit: Solurius a singularitate dicitur,
7 quod omnibus Hispaniae montibus splus
8 altior videatur. 9, 13
9 Dicuil accipiens ego tracta auctoribus ista i
10 Pauca loquar senis metro de montibus 2
11 . altis.
12 Summus Athos, Athlas, nubes transcen- 8
18 dit Olympus,
14 Pulvere oh boc squalent tema alta ca- 4
15 cumina quorum.
16 Montibus ambobus sed celsior instat 5
17 . Olympus:
18 Athlas inferior praedictis montibus altis, ^
19 Jnde corona caput cingit sublime ni- 7
20 valis.
21 Mons medius tendens excelsa cacumina 8
22 caelo,
23 Undecies umbris obscurat milia septem. 9
24 Exta anno integro divo custodit Olym- ia
26 pus,
1 caelam qui] caelnmque D, celumque V 3 Jsid»^
Hisp. orig, 14,8,16 16 scelsior D 28 umbris}
imbris (cofT. umbris P) PV
6*
84 9, 5 Letr.
(9,13)11 Jnmaculata tenens oblata in yertice i
summo. 2
12 Non alios legimus montes excedere 8
ventos. 4
18 Sublimem Athlantem torret sol fervidus 5
austri : 6
14 Jam binos alios aquilonis frigus adurit. 7
16 Afri Athlanta tenent, Adon Argi, Grecus 8
Olympum : 9
16 Arduus occiduas Athlas custodii harenas ; io
17 Grandis Alexandri tellus hos servat ii
avita. 12
18 Frigus in excelsis est, fervor solis in 18
imis : 14
19 Et medium spatium fovet aer omne se- 15
renus, 16
20 AthlantiB triplicis fiindentis flumina 17
curva 18
21 Jn partes euri zephyri boreaeque yel id
austri. 20
22 Quinquaginta semel centum bis miUa 2i
supra, 22
28 Mons Pelion tollens caput inter nubila 23
condit. 24
1 oblato Letr. errore typ. 7 iam binos] lambinos V
8 Athon Letr. 10 arenas ediU 16 aer omne]
*ic P, aeronne i>, eronne V 19 zephîri PV 23 Mons
om. editi II toUens] eztollens editi 24 condit] credit V
9, 5 Letr. 85
1 Quinque Âlpes decies transfigunt milia 2*4(9,13)
2 sursum.
3 Solurius summo scandens sit vertice 26
4 caelo,
5 Mensuram haud legi cuius quot milia 26
6 complent.
7 Thesalus atque Jialus, Hispanus possidet 27
8 ipsos.
9 Post octingentos viginti quinque per- 28
10 ' actos
11 Summi annos domini terrae, ethrae, 29
12 carceris atri,
13 Semine tritieeo sub ruris pul vere tecto, so
14 Nocte bobus requies largitur fine laboris. 8i
3 summo] sommo Z) 4 caeloj sic DP, celo F*,
coelam Letr. 5 qnod codd. 7 Thessalus editi
9 OGtingentis (corr, octingentos) D 11 ethrae] sic DP,
etbre F, aethrae L«ir. 12 carceris (in rastura) V
INDEX.
Abini pag. 9 1
Abinna 73 2
Achaia9 17 Achaiae 87 16
Achillis ins. 63 5
Achiloius fl. 37 19
Acsitae Arabes 57 18
Adiabenos 80 19
Adon 84 8 Athos 79 2
Adriaticum mare 10 17 -tico
mari 8 8, 9 15. 19
Aegenm mare 87 14 Aegaeo
mari 9 18, 12 15, 13 8
Aegipanum 17 15 egipa-
num 80 7
Aegyptii 25 11
Aegyptio mari 13 16, 16 16,
25 15
Aegyptus 21 8, 28 8 —
inferior 16 14 Aegypti
17 1.4, 27 22, 28 18,
61 5 Aegyptum 21 14.
18 — inferiorem 64 6
Aegypto 5 1, 14 5, 24 5,
28 1, 56 1
Aethiopes 219, 28 9, 40 4
Aethiopas 24 12 — Aro-
teras 89 18 — Hespe-
rios 17 18
Aethiopia 16 17, 17 2. 6,
39 11 Aethiopiae 17 8,
21 21, 35 2, 40 7, 58 5.
61 6 Aethiopiam 40 2,
deAethiopia 5 1 in Ae-
thippia 88 5
Aetbiopico oceano 15 14
Afri 84 8
Africa 88 19, 45 9, 69 18,
71 1 — Gartaginensis
15 19 --Oirinacia83 16,
54 10 Africae 16 4, 17
18, 21 7, 28 12, 40 11,
64 11, 69 11 Africam
39 11, 40 16, 65 14,
69 1, 71 20, 78 1,
79 14 ab, de, in Africa
4 21, 21 12, 40 12,
76 2
Africani limitis 24 14
Africo mari 15 14.21, 71 8
Agrippa 7 21. 11 14, 13 6,
17 5, 65 2
Alania 11 7
alamm plausu 60 7
alces 45 13. 17
(Alexander) Alexandri Mag^i
31 14, 50 U — tellns
84 11 Alexandro regi
17 18 Alexandrum Ma-
gnum 55 18
Aliopatale ins. 48 15
allnvie nimbosa 50 5
Alopecea ins. 62 15
Alpes 85 1 Alpinm 8 18,
82 17 AlpibuB 7 15,
8 2 — Apenninis 88 6
— Goticis 38 9
Alpbeus fl. 87 16
Amalchinm 47 10
87
ampbimachrns 20 18
Amsaga flnm. 16 12. 21
Ana flura. 6 10. 16
anachoritis 44 19
Antibachias ins. 39 19
Antonio, Marco 28 6
Apennino, in monte 88 3
Apenninis Alpibas 88 6
Apollinem Gapitolinum 68 4
ApoUinia prom. 69 14
ApoUinitanim ins. 68 1
Apnlii 8 15
Aqnitania 6 9 Aquitaniae
38 12
Arabes 60 8. 11 — Acsitae
57 18 Arabaa 80 19
Arabia 13 18 — Endemon
Piecmea 14 8 — - Tro-
godite 16 15 Arabiae
69 19, 60 1, 61 8 Ara-
biam 64 6 de Arabia
60 10
Arabicis insulis 57 18
Arabicum einum 18 19,
14 4. 5
Arethuaae stagnam 80 12
Arethnsam lacom 80 9
Argi 84 8
Argire ins. 49 8
Armoenia maior 12 6, 29 8
— minore 12 19, 18 10
Armoeniae 80 2
aromatnm virgnitis 60 6
Aroteras Aethiopas 89 18
Arsia flamine 8 8 Arsiam
amnem 9 10
Artemidoro 18 8
Asia 5 15 — proprie vo-
cată 13 5 ab, de Asia
4 20, 21 12 Asiae fines
52 18 — ntoribusl2 14
— minoris 64 5 — opes
77 14 — pars citerior
12 18 — pars superior
12 18 — res 77 18
Asiaticis campis 86 18
Asines fl. 66 7
Assiriis montibus 89 5
Astabores fl. 25 5
Astapnm fl. 24 14
Astisapes fl. 25 4
Astnrica 6 12
Athlanticam Aetbiopiam40 2
Atblanticos aestus 72 16
Athlantico oceano 15 18
Atblas mons 79 7, 80 11,
88 12. 18, 84 10 Athlan-
tis 81 20.21, 84 17
Atblanta 84 8 Atblan-
tem 40 5, 81 7, 84 5
de Athlante 79 7, 80
10. 16
Athos mons 79 2, 88 12
Adon 84 8
Attîca 9 17
Augustus divus 5 15 Au-
gusti kalendas 42 21
Azoma 80 16
Babillonia 14 12
Bacbias ins. 89 19
Balciam ins. 47 8
ballenas 49 18
Basiliam ins. 47 4
Belgica Gallia 74 16
bellaas 59 18
Betbica 6 7
Bezatio regione 76 8
Bibaga ins. 49 8
bicornins 86 19
bisontes 45 3
Boetls fl. 38 15
Borioustoma 85 18
88
Boristhenes fl. 87 10, 68 11
Boristhenis 62 4 Boristhe-
nen 63 6 Boristhene 12 2,
68 9
boves unicomes 82 16
Bosporo Traciae 63 8
Bosporon Cimmerium 62 11
Bregantium opp. 89 1
Brittania ins. 42 14, 74 2
Brittaniae 44 6. 6, 75 4
Brittaniam 41 5, 42 1,
73 21, 74 12.16.18,
76 16 a Brittania 41 14
Brittanicis insulis 7 6
Brutio agro 65 2
Brutuum 8 12
babaleis atribas 58 2
bubali 45 8 bubalos 45 7
Byzantinm 10 14
Gaesare, Jolio 28 6
Caesariensi specu 24 7
Galonstoma 85 17
Calpe 73 2
cameli 54 18
Campania 8 10
Canaria ins. 59 6
cancri sub sidere 52 14
Candidum prom. 70 1
Candinavia 46 6
Canopicum ostium 21 19
-pico o8tio21 11, 28 20
Canopus sidus 51 19
Capitolinam Apollinem 63 4
Capraria ins. 59 2
Caralitano prom. 65 15, 71 1
Caribdis 65 9
cariotas 59 10
Carminida summam 58 5
Cami 9 2
Garphatico mari 12 16
Cartaginiensi saltu 6 9
cartilagines tenenimae 68 18
Caspium mare 12 6 Oaspio
mari 12 2.9, 61 7
Cătina colonia 66 13 Ca-
tinam 66 10
Catoten montem 29 4
Caucasi montis 12 1.9
Cebennicis montibus 7 9. 17
Celtiberico mari 6 11, 7-4
Cercerio monte 9 20
Cemina ins. 69 9
cete 52 15
Ghaldea 14 12
chorococta 85 3
chorografiam 5 16
Cicladarnm mare 37 1
Ciclppum scopuli 66 12
CiUciam 13 2
Cimbrorum promunt. 47 15
a Cimbris 46 14
Cimmerium Bosporon 62 11
Cirinacia Africa 33 16, 54 10
— Libia 69 12 — re-
gione 70 1
Cirinon ins. 70 7
Citopolim 36 11
Claadio principe 22 19
Clitarchus 17 18
Coaspen amnem 31 1
Codanns sinus 47 16
Columnam Regiam 65 5,
73 14
Columnas Herculis 73 8
conculis referta 49 8
corcodrillu8 56 8 corcodrilli
56 2.14 corcodrillis57 2
Cordnbensis Betbica 6 7
Corsica ins. 70 5. 6 Cor-
sicae 70 14, 71 16. 18,
72 4. 5. 11 Corsicam
71 16
89
cosmographia 28 5, 86 6,
89 10, 40 14, 48 7,
64 12, 76 1.9
Coticis Alpibns 38 9
Creta 64 14
Gretico mari 12 16
Clise ins. 49 3
Cronium 46 16
Crotale ins. 49 7
Crysone aeras 10 18
cupressi 79 17
cynnamis 60 18
Cyprus ins. 64 12 Cyprum
18 2. 17
Dalmaţia 9 12
Danubio flumine 9 14, 114
de Danubio 33 11; cf.
Hister
Dardania 9 13 Dardaniae
10 8
Datia 11 7
Delta 21 17, 23 11
Dianam 53 18
Dicearchus 82 18
discidiam orbis 72 17
Dicuil 83 9
Drepanum prom. 66 6
a Dyrrachio 10 15
Eachites 50 11
Egelos 30 5
Egeotnsco mari 10 1
egipanum cboris 80 7 Aegi-
panum 17 15
Elegeam 29 8
(elepbantus, elepbas) ele-
pbanti {gen sing.) 82 18
elephantem 55 3. 6 de
elephante 55 8 elepbanti
(nom pL) 5413, 80 4
elepbantes 52 12, 54 4.
6. 8 elephantos 82 13,
33 12 elepbantis (ctbl,
pL) 51 1 elepbantibns
54 9, 55 2
eloquium divinum 78 2
Epboms 17 16
Epigia 48 4
Epims 9 17 Epiri 37 19
equini motus 54 19
Eritbream ins. 40 2. 4
Erîtbrei regis 58 9
Erithro oceano 14 9
Etbnamons 66 8, 67 13. 14,
68 7. 9
Etruria 8 8
Eudemon Araţ>ia 14 3
Eudoxus 17 17
euforbea berba 79 19
Eapbrates â. *29 13 Eupbra^
tis 55 21 Euphraten29 2
Eupbrate 18 15, 14 14,
29 2.11
Europa 5 15 Europae 5 18,
64 11 Europam 78 1
de Europa 4 19
Eurotas â. 37 8
(Enxinus)Euxini62 3 Euxi-
nura Pontum 37 8
in Exodo (20 17) 78 2
Fabianus 76 6 Fabiannm
76 7
Farsalico bello 28 1
a Febmarii kalendis 42 20
ferulae 58 7
Ficontem prom. 70 2
Fidelis frater 25 18
foeniceum colorem 60 1
foenix 59 19, 60 12 foe-
nicis litore 61 12 foeni-
cem60 4 de foenice59 19
Fortnnata ins. 40 15 For-
tnnatae 40 9. 12
90
Francornm regni 65 5
Freniani 9 1
ftilmentis 46 2
fnsiteres 60 1
Gftditanum fretum 72 l&i
78 8 -tano freto 72 16
Gades 19 2 Gadibus 18 6,
64 9, 72 16
Galii 9 2
Gallia Belgica 74 16 — Go.
mata 7 6 Galliae 86 18
Gallici litoris 74 1 Gallico
mari 7 17
Galletia 6 13
Ganges amnis 81 10, 82 8,
48 9 GaDgis81 16, 66
16.21 Gaogen 81 11
Gange 16 6, 81 21
Garonna fl. 88 12
Gaulalia 16 11
Gaulea ins. 40 6
Gemellos colles 66 11
Germania 11 1, 46 1, 47
14 Germaniae 46 16,
47 11 de Germania 66 1
Gerroanicarum ins. 46 6 Ger-
manicis iugis 88 12
gerula potuam 46 12
Giris fl. 26 18
Gorgodesins. 40 9.12.18.17
Gothia 11 1
Graii 72 18
Gravia ins. 45 16
Grecia 12 14 Greciae 8 14
Greciam 66 12
Grecns 84 8 Greci 6 19,
66 6, 70 6 Grecorum
71 12 a Grecis 17 11
habitaria 26 1
Hecataens 46 11
Hellespontns 10 8
Heracleostelas 6 19
Hercolia colnmnas 18 6
ab Hercole 71 6
heremitae 44 16
Hermonasam 62 16
Hermus fl. 86 16
Herodotos 22 7
heronm animas 62 8
Hesperides ins. 40 9. 12
Hesperios Aethiopas 17 18
Hespemceras prom. 17 12
Hibemia ins. 74 7 Hiber-
niara 41 8
Hiberus fl. 89 6
hiena 84 11.19 hienam
38 18
hieniam lapidem 84 16
Hillevionum gente 48 2
Hipodes 48 10
Hippopodes 47 8
Hispania Lasitania 6 12 —
ulterior 7 1 Hispaniae
88 16 18, 41 2, 82 20,
83 7 Hispaniam 78 4
de Hispania 72 14 Hispa-
niaram prorintiae 6 20
Hispanias 89 6
Hispanus 86 7
Hiater 86 12 Histrum 68 4
Histro 10 9, 11 10.14
cf. I>fU3abia8
Histri 9 3
Hiustia flum. 11 2.9.17
ab Homero 78 8
horrea septem 26 8. 18 —
tria 26 16
Hyperborei Riphei, in monte
87 6 Hyperboreo monte
87 10
Hypranea fl. 81 18
Jcaron ins. 68 11
91
Jchus ins. 71 13
Jctiofagornm 58 6
Jerusalem 26 1
Jlliricum 9 11
(Jndi) Jndonim gente 61 6
Jndia 61 3. 6 — ulterior
15 5 — Jndiae 19 1,
49 12, 54 6.8 ab, de,
in Jndia 18 6, 31 10,
32 16, 65 11
Jndi ca măria 49 17
Jndico oceano 15 6. 8, 48
13
Jndus amnis 31 10 Jndi
49 1.2 Jndo 14 9, 15 7
Jnferum mare 9 9
Jngueonum, ab gente 47 18
(Jones) Jonum gentis 62 18
Jonium mare 38 1, 66 3
Jordanis fl. 36 9
Joseph, sanctus 26 5
Jovi dicata ara 78 12
j8idoru8Hisp.ethim.(libr. 9?)
61 11
(Js. 9, 2, 124) 40 7
(Js. 12, 6, 19.20) 56 18
(Js. 13, 18, 3) 73 10
(Js. 14,6,4) 41 17, 42 4
(J8. 14,6, 9) 40 19
(Js. 14, 6, 12) 53 21
(Js. 14, 6, 84) 67 5. 10
(Js. 14,6,39.40) 71 3
(Js. 14, 6,42) 72 8
(Js. 14, 7, 22) 59 18
(Js. 14, 8, 10) 79 1
(Js. 14, 8, 16) 83 3
(Js. 14,8, 17)80 10, 81 10
(Js. 16,7,9) 61 4
Jsrael 27 21
Jtalia8 1.7.14 Juiiae 9 4,
65 7, 66 15 Jtaliam
65 12, 67 3 ab, de
Jtalia70 4, 71 1*5, 73 13
Jtalus 85 7
Jubae regi 59 8 Jubam
23 17
Junoniam ins. 58 12
Karoli imperatoris 55 7
lacertis 59 3
Laciniuni 9 6
Lapades 9 3
Latium 8 8
leaena 35 2 leaenae 54 14
Lemnam ins. 79 4
leones 54 11 leonnm 54 18
de leonibus 64 10
Leucen ins. 62 4
Libano monte 36 9
a Libero patre 65 12
Libia 6 15, 16 15 — Ci-
rinacia 69 12 Libiae Ci*
rinaciae 16 10 Libiae
pontQs69 8 a Libia 71 6
Libica statione 69 9
Liburni 9 3
Liburnia 9 12
Licaonia 13 7. 11 Licaoniae
12 20
Liguria 8 7
I^igustico mari 70 6
Lilibeum 66 14, 66 1
a Lilibeo 66 17
linces 64 12
Logos 10 15
Lucannm 8 12
Lucullus 63 4
Lusitania 6 12
Macedonia 10 6 Macedoniae
87 13, 79 2
Macedonicae classis 50 16
Magni necem 23 2
Malva fl. 40 14
92
Mamertini 66 5
margaretîs 51 8
Maimcini 9 1
Mauritania 15 11, 24 2,
54 8 Mauritaniae 15 17,
28 15, 54 7
Mauroneum 66 11
Manros 73 4
mellatio larga 59 11
Menix ins. 69 7
mensuratio orbis terrae 19 9
Meotidis 62 13 Meotidaa
37 7
Mercur i i prom. 65 15, 66 14,
69 15
Mero« ins. 25 3
Mesana 66 4
Mesopotamia 14 12 Meso-
potamiam 29 14, 30 19
Minens fl. 38 21
missi Theo dosii imperatoris
3 11, 4 8. 16, 5 4.11,
16 18
Moedi 80 8 Moedomm
80 7
Moedia 14 18
monoceros 32 17
Morimanisam 46 14
MorinoB 74 16
Mortnum mare 36 18
Mosei castra 28 9. 15
Moyses 27 11 Moysi viam
27 8
Naracastoma 35 16
Nârbonensis provinţia 7 14.
20
Naxos 66 7
Neuri 63 13 Neuros 68 10
Nigrum fluvium 24 12
Nilidem 23 19
Nilns 21 10, 22 1, 28 10
Nili 25 17, 28 7.10,
29 18, 31 12, 51 8,
56 9, 57 1 Nilum 28
19, 26 2, 28 4 de,
in Nilo 14 7, 21 7.15,
28 8, 24 2, 26 3, 27 5,
56 2
Nivaria ins. 59 4
Noecantram 6 18
Noica 7 2
Noricos 9 11
Nortmannorum 44 18
Nnmidia 15 19
nnx pinea 59 10
obtunsins 56 10
Oeocenae ins. 47 5
Ogiris ins. 53 7
OUva 28 15 Oliyam 28 9
Olympus mons 83 18.17.24
Olympum 78 8, 84 9
Olympo 9 20, 78 7
Onesicritus 50 15
Opazion ins. 61 8
Oralliba ins. 49 9
Orosii hist. (1,2) 72 8. 12
Pachinum prom. 65 12, 66 1
palmeta 59 10
Pamphilia 13 11 Pamphiliae
12 20
Pamphilico mari 18 2. 13
Pannonia 9 11
papiriceis navibus 51 8
Parapaniso amne 46 11
Parthia 14 18
Peduculi 8 15
peduculos 43 5
Peligni 8 15
Pelion 82 15, 84 28
Pelio 9 20
93
Peloponense 66 18
Pelorum prom. 66 11, 66 2
a Peloro 66 1. 8
Pelusiacura ostium 21 20,
28 17. 21 Pelasiaco ostio
21 12
Pentapolitanae provinţia 16
11
periegesis cf. Priscianas
Persicus sinus 63 11 Peni-
cnm sinum 14 4 Persico
mari 14 16 — sinn 14 7
PersisU 18 Per8idi8 67 14
Pemsca ins. 48 8
Peuce ostium 85 16
Pharaonis rotarum orbitas
27 14
Pharon 14 8
Phenagoren 62 16
Philemon 46 18
Phrigia 18 7.11 Pbrigiae
12 20, 87 4
Picentes 9 2
Picentinum 8 11
Plecmea Arabia 14 3
Plinius Secundns 3 7. 12. 16,
4 6.16, 8 6, 10 8.11,
11 12, 18 4, 14 17,
16 2, 16 18, 21 1,
89 13
(PI. 2 162) 82 11
(PI. 2 187) 41 12
(PI. 2 217) 76 16
(PI. 2 223) 76 5
(PI. 2 242) 18 1
(PI. 2 246) 18 9
(PI. 8 80) 70 8
(PI. 3 83) 70 18, 72 8,
78 14
(PI. 8 86-89) 64 17
(PI. 4 94. 96) 46 8
(PI. 4 96) 47 11
(PI. 4 106) 7 11.19
(PI. 6 21) 16 16
(PI. 5 25) 16 2
(PI. 5 48) 21 6
(PI. 5 90) 29 11
(PI. 6 102) 18 5
(PI. 6 79. 80) 48 12
(PI. 6 127) 31 3
(PI. 6 173) 39 17
(PI. 6 208) 16 4
Pompei Gnei 38 8
Pontica provinţia 12 4,
13 1. 12
Ponticum mare 37 11 Pon-
tico mari 10 8
(Pontus) Ponţi 10 7 Pon-
tum 35 15 Ponto 8 1
Practbeam 61 1
praetitulatis fluminibus 36 4
Prasia 51 6
presbyter religiosus 44 9
Priscianus, perieg. lib. 13 (?)
28 2
(Pr. V. 837) 82 19
(Pr. V. 606-609) 68 21
(Pr. V. 666-667) 61 14
(Pr. V. 570. 671) 39 20
(Pr. V. 588-592) 42 3.14
(Pr. V. 595-608) 62 6
(Pr. t.2 p.475, 70) 77 6
Proconesus 62 1
Propontidem 10 17 Propon-
tide 61 16
Pseudostoma 86 17
(Pyrrene, Pyrreneus) Pjrre-
nes 83 1 Pyrrenei 89 6
Pyrreneo 7 2.8.16, 88 5
Pyrreneum 38 21, 82 19
94
Pyrreneos 6 l Pyrreneis
6 5
Pytheas MasUiensis 41 13,
47 4, 75 17
Rauracos 85 18
Regium 65 6, 66 15.17
renoceron 88 5 renocerotem
88 8 renocerotes 54 18
Rhenns fl. 88 6 Rheno 7 7,
9 18, 11 8
Rbetia minor 9 11
Rhodanos fl. 88 9 Rhodano
7 9
Ripheis iugis 47 15
rogum 60 6 rogos 60 18
Roma terramm caput 8 9
Rubeas promnnt. 46 16
Rubrum mare 18 19, 25 17,
27 S; 28 8. 16, 52 16
Rabri maris 27 6. 17, 57
12 Rubro mari 15 2
Rutapi 74 17
Saevo mons 47 14
Salentini 8 15
Salinarum lacus 76 1
Sardinia 70 18. 15, 71 4
Sardiniae 65 15, 69 14,
71 19 Sardiniam 71 6.
18, 72 4. 6 a Sardinia
71 20
Sardum ins. 61 12
Sardus 71 4
Sarmatia 11 19 Sarmatiae
11 8. 18
Sarmatia 48 6
Satirorum 17 15
Scandinavia 47 18
Scenitanim Arabia Trogo-
dite 16 15
Sciris 48 6
Scitbia 11 19 Scithiae 47 9
Scitbiam 46 12
(Sdthae) Scitharam 47 2
Scithis 29 5
Scithicis in8uli8 68 1 — mon-
I tibas 81 13
Scottia 44 16
Scylla scopul as 65 8 Scyl-
lam 65 11
Ssbosus, Statins 82 9
Sedulius 20 22
septemtriones (sidus) 51 16
S«rico ocean o 12 8
Servius adVirg. Aen.(8 571)
68 3
Sicania 64 20
Sicaniam frontem 69 16
Sicilia 64 19 Siciliae 67 5,
78 8. 12 SicUiara 73 18
de Sicilia 64 17, 68 22
Silepbantine 48 10
siluris piscibus 59 11
Solinns, Julins, collect.
(Sol. 5, 9) 67 13
(Sol. 8, 5.6) 78 6
(Sol. 18, 1) 85 11
(Sol. 15, 1.2) 68 9
(Sol. 19, 1) 63 1
(Sol. 20, 4-8) 45 1
(Sol. 20, 7) 56 1
(Sol. 22, 1) 73 22
(Sol. 22, 2) 74 6
(Sol. 22, 5.6) 74 11
(Sol. 22, 9) 42 14
(Sol. 22, 10) 75 4.7
(Sol. 28, 13. 14) 72 14
(Sol. 24, 8-10) 79 6
(Sol. 24, 8) 80 15, 81 12
(Sol. 25, 8) 54 4
(Sol^27, 1) 69 11
\ i
95
79
2
(Sol. 27, 16-18) 54 10
(Sol. 27, 23-26) 83 18
(Sol. 80, 21) 33 7
(Sol. 32, 1-8) 28 7
(Sol. 32, 22.23.28) 56 1
(Sol. 32, 27) 56 17
(Sol. 38, 11. 12) 60 10
(Sol: 37, 1) 29 1
(Sol. 87, 5. 6) 30 1
(Sol. 52, 5) 55 11
(Sol. 52, 6. 7) 31 9
(Sol. 52, 11) 31 21
(Sol. 52, 29) 55 14
(Sol. 52, 41) 32 7
(Sol. 52, 42.49)49 11.17
(Sol. 53,1-7)50 7, 53 17
(Sol.'53, 3) 54 4
(Sol. 54, 4) 57 II
(Sol. 66, 8. 9) 57 17
Solis ins. 48 8, 57 14
Solis urbem 61 1
Solurins 88 6, 85 3 So-
lariam 83 4
Sperthius fl. 37 18
Spilonstoma 85 19
Statius Sebosus 32 8
stilam vertere 73 21
Stratioton ins. 39 19
Saibneo "tnagistro 25 19
Saperarn mare 9 9
Syria 13 15 Syriae 64 4
Syriam 18 17* 64 8. 10
Syrtis vadosa 69 3 Syrtim
niinorem 69 1 Syrti mi-
nore 15 20 Syrtes, ijiier
duas 16 10
Tagus fl. 88 18
Tanais fl. 37 6
Taprobane ins. 52 7, 53 16
Taprobanam 50 7 Tapro-
banen 48 14, 52 11
Taro flumine 8 2
Tanrica 11 19
(Taunis mons) Tauri" 29 7
Tauro 12 10, 14 15, 16
1.8, 30 14
Tauromenium 66 6. 9
Terraconam 89 7
Thebais 21 22
Theodosips , sanctus impe-
rator 3 5 — princeps
20 3 Theodosii impera-
toris 5 11 — missorum
3 11 — missos 16 18,
64 8 deTheodosio 19 11
Theonocemma mons 17 10
Theras 48 11
Thesalus 85 7
Thessalia 9 17 Thessaliae
82 12 de Thessalia 78 6
Thile ins. 41 18, 42 15,
43 13 Thilen 41 14,
42 7
Thilos Jndiae ins. 49 12
Tiberiadem lacum 36 II
Tiberis fl. 38 3
tigres 54 13
Tigris fl. 80 8. 1 1 Tigri
14 13, 15 1 de Tigri
80 1
Timostenes 17 17
tinnitus cymbalorum 80 9
Tracia IO 6
Traciae Bosporo 63 3
Trinacria 64 20
Tripolitana provinţia 76 2
-tanae provintiae 16 9
Triquadrae 65 10
Trogoditarum 58 6
TrogoditeArabia 16 15 Tro-
goditen Arabiam 14 5
Tachidide 64 20
96
Tusei 9 2
Tusco mari 70 7
Tyberiba ostia 8 8
TTrrhenum mare 28 18,
37 4. 17, 88 10 Tyr-
rheni maris 5 7, 61 8,
64 1.8. 18, 72 2, 73
20 Tyrrheno, in mare
88 4 Tyrrhenico mari
8 4
TTUnis radiis 42 9
Ulizis portus 66 18
Umbri 9 2
Umbria 8 8
nnicomes boves 82 16
uri 45 7 uros 45 9
Vab Arabia 14 8
Yaram amnem 9 10
velivola festinatione 27 19
velleribus sericis 79 18
Venedis 48 6
Yeneti 9 2
vergiliae 51 17
Yestini 9 1
Yiennenaium finibus 7 16
YirgiliuB 77 14, 81 16
Yirgilii 20 21, 68 8
Yolaterranis vadis 70 10,
71 15
Yolflcam litus 8 10
Xenophon Lamsachenus 47 1
Zeugitano pede 69 13
Zimam 29 8
Gorrigenda.
pag. 5, 19 lege Greci
- 17, 15 • egipanum
- 40, 2 - Athlanticam
Berolini, tjrpis A. W. S c h a d e (L. S c h a d e.)
:.™'^';:
î^.fc
|
John Florence Sullivan (May 31, 1894 – March 17, 1956), known professionally as Fred Allen, was an American comedian. He was known for having his own radio show The Fred Allen Show (1932–1949). This made him one of the most popular humorists in the Golden Age of American radio.
References
1894 births
1956 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American movie actors
Comedians from Massachusetts
Actors from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City |
<p>Has anyone been able to get <a href="http://www.uploadify.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">uploadify</a> to work with codeigniter?</p>
<p>Everything I try it will not upload. </p> |
Cerdon is the name of two communes in France:
Cerdon, in the Ain département
Cerdon, in the Loiret département |
is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||23||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|1997||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1998||4||0||0||0||3||0||7||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||12||0||0||0||2||0||14||0
|-
|2000||34||0||1||0||1||0||36||0
|-
|2001||44||0||1||0||2||0||47||0
|-
|2002||J. League 1||18||0||0||0||3||0||21||0
|-
|2003||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2004||Unión San Felipe||||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||23||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2006||24||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata Singapore||rowspan="2"|S. League||||||||||||||||
|-
|2008||32||0||1||0||0||0||33||0
194||0||6||0||11||0||211||0
0||0||||||||||0||0
32||0||1||0||0||0||33||0
226||0||7||0||11||0||244||0
|}
References
1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture |
<p>What is underlying algorithm for Sagemaker's <a href="http://docs.aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/latest/dg/ntm.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Neural Topic Model</a>? I have hard time googling for details, and the documentation doesn't mention any paper.</p>
<p>Googling for 'neural topic model' doesn't exactly answer my question, since a couple of methods seems to be called that.</p> |
Fry may mean:
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (when F.R.Y. is capitalized)
Frying, a method of cooking in a pan or pot which may involve immersion in a fat
French fried potatoes (French fries), potatoes cut into sticks and deep-fried
Fry, recently-hatched fish which have absorbed their yolk sacs and can hunt and consume live food
Philip J. Fry, a character from Futurama |
A headline is text at the top of a article, telling the reader the nature of the article below. Newspapers almost always have headlines in their papers.
Newspaper publishing |
<p>I've my own ExceptionHandlerWrapper to manage ViewExpiredException and other errors.</p>
<p>The idea is to catch the error, add some error message and redirect (with a redirection, not navigation) to the index page, where the error message will be displayed.</p>
<pre><code> fc.getExternalContext().getFlash().setKeepMessages(true);
Messages.addFlashError(null, "my message");
Flash flash = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getFlash();
flash.put("foo", "hello");
fc.getExternalContext().redirect("index.xhtml");
</code></pre>
<p>However, flash messages are not stored (but foo is present in the flash scope).</p>
<p>This was working in mojarra, but I moved to myfaces 2.2.4 and it stopedd working. Any idea?
(also using omnifaces 1.8.1)
Thanks.</p> |
Amersfoort is a city in the middle of the Netherlands.
About 140,000 people live there. The city is between the hills of the "Heuvelrug" and the valley of the river Eem.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Utrecht (province) |
Grease is a 1978 American romantic comedy musical movie directed by Randal Kleiser and produced by Robert Stigwood. The movie tells the story of high-schoolers Rizzo (Stockard Channing), Kenickie (Jeff Conaway), Danny (John Travolta), Frenchy (Didi Conn) and Sandy (Olivia Newton-John).
Release dates
Plot
Danny Zuko (John Travolta) and Sandra Dee (Olivia Newton-John) meet in Los Angeles, California in summer 1959 and they fall in love. When Sandy has to leave to go back to Australia, they believe it is the end of their romance. However, Sandy gets transferred to his school and they meet again. When Danny sees Sandy again he acts as if he does not care about her. He does this to keep up his reputation, but Sandy does not know this and wishes she has never met him. She and Danny date on and off, but Sandy becomes frustrated with him because of the way he treats her. At the end of the movie, Sandy transforms herself into the kind of woman Danny could truly love forever and they get back together after much heartbreak and trivial matters.
Other websites
1978 comedy movies
1970s musical movies
1978 romance movies
1970s teen movies
American high school movies
American musical comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the 1950s
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Randal Kleiser |
<p>As an introduction to BeautifulSoup and Urllib2, I thought that I would make a basic scraping program which gets information about a given player in a video game website called lolking.net. Each user has a scrambled URL that does not include their username, so I would have to scrape the URL extension of the player from the HTML of the site in order to be able to access their user page.</p>
<p>Here is an example string which I might encounter:</p>
<pre><code><div class="search_result_item" onclick="window.location='/summoner/na/26670961'; return false;"><div style="display: table-cell; text-align: center; padding: 10px 10px 16px;"><div style="font-size: 14px; display: block;">
</code></pre>
<p>I need to extract the bit of numbers after the <code>/summoner/na/</code> part. How would I do that?</p> |
Hopferau is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ostallgäu |
A ski lift is a machine which can take people up and down a hill or mountain. There are different kinds of ski lifts. Some are like chairs. Some are like tram cars.
References
Machines |
DENDROCYGNA ARCUATA.
Whistling Duck.
Anas arcuata, Cuv., Horsf. Zool. Research. in Java.
Dendrocygna arcuata, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 365.—List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., part ili, p. 131.
l —Eyton, Mon. of Anat., p. 108.
En-jép-ere, Aborigines of Port Essington.
Whistling Duck, of the Colonists.
I possess specimens of this fine Duck from Moreton Bay and from various parts of the north coast, on
comparing which with others procured in Java I find that they are somewhat larger, and that they have the
throat and fore-part of the neck of a less deeply tinted buff; in other respects they are precisely similar.
During the months of September, October, November and December it assembles in vast flocks on the
lakes around the settlement at Port Essington: the lagoons and waters at that season of the year are so
shallow, that this and many other species of the Duck tribe are enabled to wade among the herbage and
procure an abundant supply of food. Mr. Gilbert states, that on the approach of man or the report of a
gun, this and the other species in company with it rise altogether, but that each species separates itself
into a distinct flock during the act of rising. While on the water it is quite silent, emitting no kind of noise,
but all the time it is on the wing it gives utterance to its peculiar whistle.
The stomach is extremely muscular, and the food consists of small fish and aquatic plants.
Some eggs brought to the settlement by the natives and said to belong to this bird were taken early in
March, from nests built in long grass on the small islands adjacent to the harbour at Port Essington ; they
are of a creamy white, one inch and seven-eighths long by one inch and a half in breadth.
Crown of the head, line down the back of the neck, all the upper surface, wings and tail brownish black,
each feather of the back broadly margined with deep buff; wing-coverts deep chestnut; chin white; sides
of the head buffy white ; breast deep buff, each feather crossed by a short bar of black ; abdomen chestnut ;
line down the centre of the abdomen and vent buff, mottled with black; under tail-coverts white; flank-
feathers buffy white, margined on either side with two stripes, the inner one of which is brownish black and
the outer chestnut ; irides dark brown ; bill black; tarsi greenish grey; feet blackish grey.
The figures represent the two sexes, which are nearly alike in plumage, of the natural size.
|
Rose Marie Battaglia (1929 – 24 November 2020) was an American basketball coach. She coached at both high school and college levels, before retiring in 1989. She was added into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2018.
Battaglia began her coaching career at Paramus Catholic High School in New Jersey. She also coached at Bergen Community College and at Iona College. She also coached at St Michael's in Union City and Benedictine Academy in Elizabeth.
Battaglia died on 24 November 2020 in Bergen County, New Jersey from lung cancer at the age of 91.
References
1929 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New Jersey |
Early European Books, Copyright © 201 2 ProQuest LLC.
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (or Virginia Tech) is a public land-grant university in Blacksburg, Virginia. The campus was first opened in 1872 as a farming and mechanical college and covers 2,600 acres. It is also one of only a few public universities in the United States to have a corps of cadets.
The Virginia Tech massacre, which happened on the 16th of April 2007, was a tragedy in the history of the University. A student of the university named Cho Seung-Hui killed 32 people before killing himself. This became the worst school-related massacre in United States history.
References
Atlantic Coast Conference
Colleges and universities in Virginia
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
1872 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Virginia |
The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was a below-average season in terms of named storms, and an average season in terms of both hurricanes and major hurricanes. It produced nine tropical cyclones, eight named storms, the fewest since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes. It officially began on June 1, 2014, and ended on November 30, 2014. These dates historically describe the period each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The first storm of the season, Arthur, developed on July 1, while the final storm, Hanna, dissipated on October 28, about a month prior to the end of the season
Storm names
This is the list of names used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2014. The list is the same as the 2008 list except for Gonzalo, Isaias, and Paulette because Gustav, Ike, and Paloma were damaging and deadly storms in 2008, and their names were retired. In 2014 no storms were retired so the same exact list was used in 2020.
Notes
References
2014 disasters
Hurricanes |
<p>I'm building a simple form looping through a list of questions, and for each question through the list of its answers.
Now, since I'm building a <code>SELECT</code> form control, listing the available options through a <code>*ngFor</code>, I would like to make the first option the default one, in other words, make it <strong>SELECTED</strong> based on the value of the local variable <code>first</code>, but I'm not getting why the following approach is not working.</p>
<pre><code><select [formControlName]="question.id">
<option *ngFor="let answer of answers; first as isFirst" [value]="answer.name" [selected]="isFirst">
{{answer.name}}
</option>
</select>
</code></pre>
<p>The suggested questions didn't resolve my problem. Tried replacing [selected] with [attr.selected] but didn't work.</p> |
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Matt Nagy (born April 24, 1978) is an American football coach and former quarterback. He is the head coach of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) since 2018. He was born in Dunellen, New Jersey. He played for the New York Dragons, Carolina Cobras, Georgia Force, Columbus Destroyers and the Philadelphia Eagles.
References
Other websites
Chicago Bears bio
Arena Football bio
1978 births
Living people
Philadelphia Eagles players
National Football League coaches
Sportspeople from New Jersey |
<p>Why do Scalar-valued functions seem to cause queries to run cumulatively slower the more times in succession that they are used?</p>
<p>I have this table that was built with data purchased from a 3rd party.</p>
<p>I've trimmed out some stuff to make this post shorter... but just so you get the idea of how things are setup.</p>
<pre><code>CREATE TABLE [dbo].[GIS_Location](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, --PK
[Lat] [int] NOT NULL,
[Lon] [int] NOT NULL,
[Postal_Code] [varchar](7) NOT NULL,
[State] [char](2) NOT NULL,
[City] [varchar](30) NOT NULL,
[Country] [char](3) NOT NULL,
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Address_Location](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, --PK
[Address_Type_ID] [int] NULL,
[Location] [varchar](100) NOT NULL,
[State] [char](2) NOT NULL,
[City] [varchar](30) NOT NULL,
[Postal_Code] [varchar](10) NOT NULL,
[Postal_Extension] [varchar](10) NULL,
[Country_Code] [varchar](10) NULL,
</code></pre>
<p>Then I have two functions that look up LAT and LON.</p>
<pre><code>CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[usf_GIS_GET_LAT]
(
@City VARCHAR(30),
@State CHAR(2)
)
RETURNS INT
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @LAT INT
SET @LAT = (SELECT TOP 1 LAT FROM GIS_Location WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE [State] = @State AND [City] = @City)
RETURN @LAT
END
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[usf_GIS_GET_LON]
(
@City VARCHAR(30),
@State CHAR(2)
)
RETURNS INT
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @LON INT
SET @LON = (SELECT TOP 1 LON FROM GIS_Location WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE [State] = @State AND [City] = @City)
RETURN @LON
END
</code></pre>
<p>When I run the following...</p>
<pre><code>SET STATISTICS TIME ON
SELECT
dbo.usf_GIS_GET_LAT(City,[State]) AS Lat,
dbo.usf_GIS_GET_LON(City,[State]) AS Lon
FROM
Address_Location WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE
ID IN (SELECT TOP 100 ID FROM Address_Location WITH(NOLOCK) ORDER BY ID DESC)
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
</code></pre>
<p>100 ~= 8 ms, 200 ~= 32 ms, 400 ~= 876 ms</p>
<p>--Edit
Sorry I should have been more clear. I'm not looking to tune the query listed above. This is just a sample to show the execution time getting slower the more records it crunches through. In the real world application the functions are used as part of a where clause to build a radius around a city and state to include all records with in that region.</p> |
<p>I have configured FileZilla to use <code>php /home/user/netbeans-8.0/bin/netbeans</code> for opening php files with netbeans, the problem I have is that FileZilla tries to open those files in a new instance of NetBeans, not in the current opened.</p>
<p>My system is Ubuntu 13.04.</p> |
Faisal Masud () ( 16 October 1954 – 16 August 2019) was a Pakistani educator and physician. He was the vice-chancellor of the University of Health Sciences and a vice-chancellor of the King Edward Medical University, Lahore from January 2013 through February 2017. He also was the principal of Services Hospital and Services Institute of Medical Sciences in Lahore, Pakistan.
His area of interest was endocrinology. He was awarded the tamgha-e-imtiaz for his role in dengue epidemic.
Masud was born in Gujrat. He died of cardiac arrest on 16 August 2019 in Lahore, aged 64.
References
1954 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Physicians
Pakistani educators
Pakistani scientists |
La Serpent is a commune of 92 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude |
Professor Tanya Mary Monro is an award-winning Australian physicist who is known for her work in photonics. She is currently the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research and Innovation (DVCR&I) at the University of South Australia. She was awarded the ARC Georgina Sweet Laureate Fellowship in 2013. She was the inaugural chair of photonics, an inaugural director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics and the inaugural director of the Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS), and the inaugural director of the Centre of Expertise in Photonics (CoEP) within the School of Chemistry and Physics at the University of Adelaide (known as the School of Physical Sciences). She is currently a professor of physics at the University of Adelaide.
References
1973 births
Living people
Australian physicists |
Louis "Louison" Bobet (; 12 March 1925 – 13 March 1983) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He was the first to win the Tour de France three times in a row.
References
1925 births
1983 deaths
French cyclists
Tour de France winners
Tour de France cyclists
Giro d'Italia winners
Cancer deaths in France
People from Brittany |
Stanislav Libenský (March 27, 1921 – February 24, 2002) and Jaroslava Brychtová (July 18, 1924 – April 8, 2020) were contemporary artists. Their works are included in many major modern art collections. Their works could be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Victoria & Albert Museum. Jaroslava Brychtová, a sculptor, and Stanislav Libenský, originally a painter and later a glass artist, met in 1954. They married in 1963 and worked together until Libenský's death in 2002. Libenský painted and sketched the designs, and Brychtová made clay sculptures from his designs.
References
1921 births
2002 deaths
1924 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Czech artists
Sculptors |
Vérossaz is a municipality in the district of Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Villages
Aussays, Bassays, La Doey and Vésenau
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Valais |
Ecological yield is the harvestable growth of an ecosystem. It is most commonly measured in forestry - in fact sustainable forestry is defined as that which does not harvest more wood in a year than has grown in that year, within a given patch of forest.
However, the concept is also applicable to water, and soil, and any other aspect of an ecosystem which can be both harvested and renewed - the so-called renewable resources. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is reduced over time if more than the amount which is "renewed" (refreshed or regrown or rebuilt).
Ecology |
Province of Castellón () or Castelló (Valencian/Catalan) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia, Teruel, Tarragona, and the Mediterranean Sea.
Castellon
Valencia (autonomous community) |
Flood control is a term to refer to measures that protect settlements, people and property against flooding. Such measures include building dams, levees and weirs. People also move away from floodplains where flooding is frequent.
Although it may be impossible to prevent flooding, there are a number of methods you can carry out to stop the water coming into your home or working environment. Simply follow these steps:
Set up flood-barriers
Have flood doors and windows installed if necessary
Set up prevention and reaction solutions
Gallery
References |
3MCAY QUEEN
POLKA CAPRICE,
3
J.S&S.79.
May Queen Polka.
5
THE MOST SUCCESSFUL
Sacred Pianoforte iSofo
NOW PUBLISHED.
ff. 2L mjfUXUfcBpi
BEAUTIFUL SONG,
n >
Transcribed for Pianoforte,
BY
|lfiTIlllj I, FISII1.
UNIVERSALLY POPULAR.
PRICE 60 CENTS.
u
r
A
|
The Montreal Maroons (officially the Montreal Professional Hockey Club) was a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They played in the NHL from 1924 to 1938, winning the Stanley Cup in 1926 and 1935.
Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com
Defunct National Hockey League teams
1924 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Canada
1938 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada |
is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a marathon runner.
At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics at Berlin, Fujiwara finished 61st in the men's marathon.
He finished second in the 2012 Tokyo Marathon.
He was a member of the Japanese team in the 2012 Summer Olympics at London.
Related pages
Sports in Japan
Japan at the Olympics
References
Other websites
Arata Fujiwara website
Arata Fujiwara at SportsReference.com
1981 births
Living people
Competitors in athletics
2012 Summer Olympics |
The Fateful Day () is a 1995 Iranian drama movie directed by Shahram Assadi and was based on novel of the same name by Bahram Beyzai. It stars Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz, Ezzatolah Entezami, Alireza Shoja Nouri, Zhaleh Olov, Jamshid Mashayekhi.
Other websites
1994 drama movies
Iranian movies |
Deen is a popular music group from Japan which started in 1993. In April 2011 they released the song "Konomama kimidakewo ubaisaritai" which means "I want to steal only you."
Japanese rock bands
Pop music groups
Folk music groups |
Fontiers-Cabardès is a commune of 454 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Communes in Aude |
Sheberghān or Shaburghān (), also spelled Shebirghan and Shibarghan, is the capital city of the Jowzjan Province in northern Afghanistan.
Sheberghan is on the Safid River banks, about west of Mazari Sharif.
References
Cities in Afghanistan |
<p>I'm new to Ruby on Rails and have been following the tutorial.
But I need more information. </p>
<p>I'm building an application that will allow access to various types of users, they are, students, parents, teachers and Administration (all have the same attributes)
So far I have a model for User, which has fields, Email and Password, which serve as credentials to log into the site .. </p>
<p>Then I have a template for each type of user.
Model Student
Model Teacher
.... </p>
<p>What I wanted to know was how do I register a user, referring to each type of user, and I already have a table User. </p>
<p>I've been searching and I realized that using 'devise' would be a viable solution, but do not quite understand how this works. </p>
<p>Someone explain to me the best way to do this?</p> |
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
ON THE
MEDICAL SCIENCES.
BY
JAMES GREIG LEASK, M.B. Abdn.
LONDON :
A ILL It RE, TINDALL AND COX,
20, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.
PKEFACE.
Ix the preparation of this work the Author has aimed at providing, in
a convenient form, such a concise collection of questions as will prove
useful to the medical student. To attain this end University Calendars,
Army Medical Eeports, and Medical Periodicals have been consulted,
and it possesses the important feature of an alphabetical arrangement,
which it is hoped will add to its interest and utility, as tending greatly
to facilitate the labour of reference.
March, 1882.
CONTENTS.
PACE
I. Anatomy and Physiology . . . . .9
II. Botany . . . . . . .32
III. Hygiene . ... . . . .38
IV. Medical Chemistry . . . . . .45
V. Medical Jurisprudence . . . . .58
VI. Medicine and Pathology . . . . .62
VII. Midwifery . . . . . . .78
VIII. Physics . . . . . . .85
IX. Surgery . . . . . . .92
X. Zoology ....... 109
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
ON
THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
Abdomen.
1. What is seen on opening the abdo-
men ?
2. Into what regions is the abdomen
divided ?
3. Having removed the stomach and
intestines only from the abdomen, men-
tion in order the parts seen on the pos-
terior wall of the cavity.
4. Enumerate, in their relative posi-
tion, the viscera and bloodvessels con-
tained in the upper zone of the abdo-
men, i.e., between the diaphragm and a
horizontal line drawn across the carti-
lages of the ninth ribs ; describe any
surgical operations which may be per-
formed in this region.
Abdominal Ring.
1. What point of bone can be felt in
the external abdominal ring ?
Absorption.
1. Describe the different kinds of
absorption.
2. State the general physical laws
under which absorption takes place.
Acromioclavicular.
1 . Describe the acromio-clavicular joint,
enumerating the parts in relation with it.
Adipose Tissue.
1. Give an account of the intimate
structure of adipose tissue.
2. Its chemical composition.
3. Physical.
4. Vital properties.
5. Mode of distribution in the body.
6. Purposes which it serves in the
animal economy.
Alimentary Canal.
1. Describe the movements of the
alimentary canal in man.
2. Describe the exact position within
the abdominal cavity of the different
subdivisions of the alimentary canal.
Alimentary Canal — continued.
3. Describe the arrangement of the
muscular coat of the various parts of the
alimentary canal.
Alimentary Substances.
1. State the principal heads under
which alimentary substances are ar-
ranged, giving examples of each group.
2. Describe the chemical composition
of the most important, and state the
changes they undergo in the act of
digestion.
Ankle Joint.
1. Name the relative position of the
tendons, vessels, and nerves, passing
behind the ankle joint.
2. Give the attachments and relations
of the lateral ligaments of the ankle
joint ; and state what motions are con-
trolled by their several parts ?
Aorta.
1. What are the relations of the
ascending portion of the aorta?
2. Give the origin, course, topographi-
cal divisions, and relations of the tho-
racic aorta.
3. Describe the abdominal aorta ; its
relations, branches, and their distribu-
tion.
Arch of the Aorta.
1. Describe the arch of the aorta in
man ; and its relations to contiguous
structures.
2. Mention the branches arising from
it.
3. Enumerate the more usual devia-
tions from the normal disposition to
which they are subject in their origin
and course.
4. What parts are contained within
the arch of the aorta ?
Arch of the Foot.
1. What are the tendons and liga-
1
10 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Arch of the Foot — continued.
ments to which the preservation of the
arch of the foot is principally due ?
2. Describe how the arch of the foot
is formed ; and on what points it rests
in standing.
Areolar Tissue.
1. Give an account of the intimate
structure of areolar tissue.
2. Its chemical composition.
3. Physical and vital properties.
4. Mode of distribution in the body.
5. Purposes which it serves.
Arteries.
1. What is the structure of the walls
of the larger and smaller arteries ?
2. Describe the instrument invented
by Poiseulle for estimating the statical
presence of the blood upon the walls of
the arteries.
3. Describe the structure of the arte-
ries ; the properties they possess during
life and after death, and the influence
they exercise upon the circulation.
4. State the muscular and other parts
which it is necessary to remove in order
to fully expose the arteries, superficial
and deep, on the front of the forearm,
and the deep palmar arch in the hand.
Articulations.
1. Describe the articular surfaces and
ligaments composing the radio-ulnar
articulations.
2. Describe the articulations of the
atlas with the occipital bone and the axis.
3. Classify the various kinds of articu-
lations.
Arytenoid Cartilages.
1. Describe the arytenoid cartilages.
Ascending Pharyngeal.
1. Give the origin, course, distribution,
and anastomoses of the ascending pharyn-
geal artery.
Asphyxia.
1. Describe the process of death by
asphyxia, and the condition of the in-
ternal organs after death.
2. What are the phenomena of dys-
pnoea passing on to asphyxia ?
3. Describe the changes which occur
in the circulation in asphyxia.
Astragalus.
1. Name the bones with which the
astragalus is in contact, and the liga-
ments which connect the astragalus with
other bones.
2. Describe the astragalus ; and men-
tion in order the tendons in contact with
it.
Astragalus— conthi ued.
3. Mention the shape of its articulating
surfaces.
Auditory,
1. Describe the origin, course, and
distribution of the auditory nerve.
2. Explain what is meant by sound-
vibrations, and describe the manner in
which they are transmitted to the audi-
tory nerve.
Axilla.
1. What are the boundaries of the
axilla ?
2. The form?
3. The contents ?
4. The relations thev hold to each
other ?
Axillary Artery.
1. What parts are met with on cutting
down on the first stage of the axillary
artery ?
2. Give the relations of the brachial
plexus of nerves to the axillary artery,
in its three stages.
3. Name the branches arising from
its first part, and describe their anasto-
moses.
Bend of the Elbow.
1. What are the boundaries and con-
tents of the bend of the elbow ?
Bile.
1. Mention the tests for bile in the
urine.
2. How and where is the bile formed t
3. Through what passages is it con-
ducted?
4. What are the purposes served in
the animal economy by the secretion of
bile?
Bladder.
1. Describe the form, situation, at-
tachments, and structure of the urinary
bladder, from without inwards.
2. Mention the portions of the bladder
which are not covered by peritoneum.
3. What are the relations in the male
and female subject to the immediately
surrounding parts ?
4. Describe the adult male bladder;
its position when contracted and dis-
tended, its connexions, and the structure
of its muscular and mucous coats.
Blood.
1. Describe the human blood.
2. State the various effects produced
on blood, outside the body by the addi-
tion of sugar, of salt, and of water, by
agitation in the air, and by exposure to-
carbonic acid ; and state any explanation
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
11
Blood — continued.
of which the phenomena may be sus-
ceptible.
3. Give the physiological, physical,
and chemical properties of the blood in
the right and left sides of the heart.
4. Give the development of the red
corpuscles, their average proportion, and
functions in health.
5. Describe the coagulation of the
blood, and mention the various circum-
stances which accelerate, destroy, or
retard it.
Bone.
1. What are the microscopical
characters and minute structure of
bone ?
2. State the chemical composition of
human bone, and the relative propor-
tion of organic or inorganic matter.
3. Describe the ossification of a long
bone, from the earliest or primitive con-
dition, to its completion.
4. Describe the mode in which a long
bone increases in length and thick-
ness.
Brachial Artery.
1. Describe the relative anatomy, and
course of the brachial artery ; and
enumerate its branches.
Brachialis Anticus.
1. Describe the origin and insertion of
the brachialis anticus, mentioning its pre-
cise action, and the nerve by which it is
applied.
2. Give the dissection required to ex-
pose the brachialis anticus, and mention
the parts in relation with it.
Brain.
1. Describe the minute structure of
the white and grey substances of the
brain, and the mode in which you would
proceed to demonstrate them.
2. Enumerate the blood vessels at the
base of the brain ; or, describe the mode
in which the circle of Willis is formed.
3. Describe the development of the
human brain, from its first appearance
in the embryo up to the full period of
intra-uterine gestation.
4. Describe the parts seen on the sur-
face of a section of the brain in the
median line.
Bronchial Tubes.
1. Describe the structure of the bron-
chial tubes.
2. What purposes are served by the
several tissues which are found in
them?
Cadaveric Bigor.
1. State the circumstances affecting
the supervention and degree of cadaveric
rigor.
2. What is the average duration of
cadaveric rigor ?
3. In what order are the muscles af-
fected by it ?
4. In what order does it disappear ?
Caecum.
1. Describe the position, relations, and
structure of the csecum, and state the
purpose and mode of action of the ilio-
ceecal valve in man.
2. State what is known of its functions.
Capillaries.
1. Describe the minute structure of
the walls of the capillaries.
2. Describe the circulation through
them, including its rapidity, as compared
with that in the arteries, as well as the
reasons for the differences between the
flow through the two classes of vessels.
Carbonic Acid.
1. Mention the various circumstances
which may affect the quantity of car-
bonic acid exhaled from the lungs within
a given period.
2. Give the quantity excreted daily.
3. What are the sources of the excre-
tion of carbonic acid from the lungs ?
4. What is carbonic acid, and in what
form does it exist in nature ?
Cardiac Nerves.
1. Give an account of the functions of
the intra-cardiac nerves, and of the con-
nections and functions of the extra-car-
diac nerves.
Carotid.
1. In what respects does the left
carotid differ from the right?
2. What relations does the common
carotid artery bear to surrounding struc-
tures ?
3. Give the dissection necessary to
expose the cervical portion of the internal
carotid artery.
4. Describe the course of the external
carotid artery, and name its branches.
Cartilage.
1. Give an account of the intimate
structure of cartilage.
2. Its chemical composition.
3. Physical.
4. Vital properties.
5. Mode of distribution in the body.
6. Purposes which it serves.
7. _ Enumerate the different kinds of
cartilage that exist in the human bodv
1-2
12 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Caseine.
1. Give the characters and properties
of caseine.
Cell.
1. Define the term cell.
2. Enumerate the offices which have
been assigned to cells.
Cellular Tissue.
1. Give an account of the intimate
structure of cellular tissue.
2. Its chemical composition.
3. Physical and vital properties.
4. Mode of distribution in the body.
5. Purposes which it serves.
Cerebellum.
1. Describe the relative development
in man, and the functions of the cere-
bellum.
2. Describe the histological structure
of the cerebellum.
Cervical Nerves.
1. Describe the first four cervical
nerves, giving the exact course, relations,
and distribution of branches.
Chemical Physiology.
1. Draw a comparison between the
chemical physiology of a vegetable and
animal.
Chest.
1. Describe the respiratory movements
of the chest, and enumerate the muscles
which severally enlarge and diminish the
area of the chest.
2. Mention, in their respective rela-
tion to each other, all the structures
which occupy and close the upper outlet
of the chest.
3. What bones enter into the compo-
sition of the chest, and how are they
articulated with each other ?
Chorda Tympani.
1. Describe the physiological effects of
injury or division of the portio-jura above
the point where it gives off the chorda
tympani nerve.
2. Trace the chorda tympani nerve
through its entire course.
Choroid Coat.
1. Give an account of the structure
and arrangement of the choroid coat,
mentioning briefly the use assigned to
this part of the organ of vision.
Chyle.
1. Describe the course of the chyle
from the intestinal villi into the blood.
2. State the composition and proper-
ties of chyle; point out the difference
between the composition of that fluid, of
the lymph, and of the blood.
Chyme.
1. Describe chymification, and state
the precise composition of the chyme.
Ciliary Movement.
_ 1. Describe ciliary movement ; men-
tion the parts of the body of man on
which it occurs.
2. In what respect does it differ from
muscular motion.
Ciliary Muscle.
1. Describe the form, situation, uses,
and attachments of the ciliary muscle.
Circulation.
1. With what phenomena of the cir-
culation are the various parts of a sphyg-
mographic wave connected ?
Circumflex Nerve.
1. Trace the circumflex nerve from the
brachial plexus, and mention its distri-
bution.
Circumflexus Palati.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
circumflexus palati.
Clavicle.
1. What are the ligamentous con-
nexions of the clavicle ?
2. What muscles are attached to the
clavicle ?
3. Give a description of the clavicle,
including some account of its curves and
development.
Cochlea.
1. Describe the minute structure of
the cochlea, and the parts contained
in it.
Coeliac Axis.
1. Describe the position of the coeliac
axis. Name its branches, their course,
and distribution.
2. Give the names of the parts which
have to be removed in order to expose the
cceliac axis, and its primary branches.
Complexus Cervicis.
1. Describe the attachments and re-
lations of the complexus cervicis muscle.
Cornea.
1. Give an account of the minute
structure of the cornea, and state the
mode in which it may be best displayed.
Corpus Callosum.
1. Describe the position, length, thick-
ness, relations, connexions, and structure
of the corpus callosum.
Corpus Luteum.
1. State what is meant by a corpus
luteum.
Corpus Striatum.
1. Give the anatomy of the corpus
striatum, describing its situation and
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
13
Corpus Striatum — continual.
immediate connections, and the arrange-
ments of the white and grey matter
within it.
Cremaster Muscle.
1. Describe the cremaster muscle, and
name the nerve which supplies it.
Cricoid Cartilage.
1. Describe the cricoid cartilage.
Crural.
1. Describe the anterior crural nerve.
Enumerate its branches, and give their
distribution.
2. What are the boundaries of the
crural arch, and how is it occupied ?
Crystalline Lens.
1. How is the crystalline lens nour-
ished?
2. Describe the connexions, form,
position, and microscopic structure of
the crystalline lens.
3. State the use of the crystalline lens
in vision, and the changes which occur
in it during accommodation.
Cuboid Bone.
1. Describe the cuboid bone.
Deglutition.
1. Describe the act of deglutition in
its several stages.
2. Name the muscles which are en-
gaged, as well as the influence which
they exercise in its different stages.
3. Describe the mechanism of deglu-
tition, with special reference to the pre-
servation of the air passages.
4. Enumerate the muscles employed
in the act of deglutition, and state
whence each muscle derives its nervous
supply.
Deltoid Muscle.
1. Describe the position, shape, and
attachments of the deltoid muscle.
Enumerate in their order the parts
seen in a dissection from skin to bone of
the front of the arm from the level of the
insertion of the deltoid to that of the
pronator teres.
Development.
1. What is the mode of development
of the frontal and occipital bones, and
in what condition are these bones at
birth?
2. Describe the development of the
vertebral column, and mention the form
of the vertebral centrum characteristic of
each of the primary divisions of the verte-
brata.
3. Describe the mode and order of
development of a vertebra in general,
Development — continued.
noticing also those vertebrae which ap-
pear the most exceptional to the common
plan.
Diaphragm.
1. Describe the diaphragm.
2. What is the origin, the structures,
apertures, blood-vessels, nerves, whence
derived, relations on both surfaces, in-
sertion, and action of the diaphragm ?
3. Name the serous membranes con-
nected with the diaphragm, and the
viscera in contact with it, stating the
position of each of the several viscera
with reference to the diaphragm.
Digastricus.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
digastricus.
Digestion.
1. What are the changes undergone
by starch, albumen, and fat, during their
digestion ?
2. Give a classification of dietary sub-
stances on physiological principles, and
describe the mode in which digestion is
performed.
Disintegrating.
1. In what tissues of the body do the
disintegrating processes seem to take
place most rapidly ?
Duodenum.
1. Describe the duodenum, form, rela-
tive position to adjacent parts, mucous
membrane, structure, and arrangement
of its various coats.
2. Mention the various secretions
entering into it, and their influence on
the process of digestion.
3. Describe its course, vessels, nerves,
and physiological functions.
4. State what changes the food under-
goes in that part of the intestine.
5. Describe all the characters by
which the duodenum is distinguished
from the lower portion of the ileum.
Dura Mater.
1. Describe the structure, attachments,
and processes of the dura mater.
2. State also the situation, and uses
of the several sinuses connected with
it.
Ear.
1. Of what structures is the pinna of
the ear composed, and what are its
attachments to the head ?
2. Name the structures in the middle
ear which are functionally important,
and give a general idea of the special
use of each structure.
14 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Ear — continued.
3. What part of the ear specially
serves for the reception of sound ?
4. What is the peculiar structure that
fits it for this purpose ?
Elastic Tissue.
1. Give an account of the structures,
physical properties, and chemical consti-
tution of the elastic tissue.
Elbow Joint.
1. Describe the elbow joint.
2. State the relations of the ligaments,
muscles, tendons, nerves, and blood-
vessels immediately contiguous to it,
with the arrangement of the synovial
membrane.
3. Describe the elevations and de-
pressions presented by the bones at the
elbow joint, and within two inches of
the elbow.
4. Mention the movements which take
place at the elbow joint, and the muscles
by which they are effected.
5. Describe the arterial anastomoses
around the elbow joint, and mention
the sources from which the anastomosing
branches are derived.
Embryo.
1. Describe the origin, structure, func-
tions, and relations to the embryo of the
(1) allantois, (2) amnion, (3) umbilical
vesicle.
2. Describe the first appearance of the
visceral arches in the embryo.
3. Describe the development of the
human embryo, from the entrance of the
ovum into the fallopian tube to the end
of the third month.
4. "Describe the apparatus by which
the embryo obtains its nourishment
from the contents of the ovum in the ovi-
parous vertebrata, the provisions for the
aeration of its blood, and the manner in
which these are combined in the placenta
of mammalia.
Encephalon.
1. In making a longitudinal section of
the encephalon, in the median line,
enumerate the parts divided, in their
order from above downwards.
Epidermis.
1. Describe the formation, composition,
properties, and uses of the epidermis.
Epigastric Artery.
1. The relations of the internal epigas-
tric artery from its origin to its entrance
into the sheath of the rectus muscle.
2. Mention its relative situation with
respect to the internal and external
Epigastric Artery— continued.
abdominal rings, and to the inguinal
canal.
3. Give the origin, course, distribu-
tion, relations, and anastomoses of the
deep epigastric artery.
Epiglottis.
1. Describe the structure of the epi-
glottis.
2. Mention its connexions.
3. What are the functions of the
epiglottis ?
Epithelium.
1. Enumerate the various kinds of
epithelium met with in the body, and
where they occur.
2. Point out the character of the
epithelium in different parts of the
urinary passages.
3. Define the term " epithelium."
Ethmoid Bone.
1. Describe the ethmoid bone and its
articulations.
Eustachian.
1. Describe the eustachian tube, its
relations to surrounding parts, and its
functions.
Excito-Motory Action.
1. What is meant by excito-motory
action 1
Excretions.
1. Enumerate and classify the various
excretions, stating the average daily
amount of each in a healthy adult
man.
2. Indicate the sources whence they
are derived, and the channels through
which they are eliminated.
3. State the principal constituents of
each.
Expiration.
1. State the mechanism of expiration.
2. Explain the mode by which ordi-
nary expiration is effected.
Extensor Indicia.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
extensor indicis muscle.
Extensor Ossis Metacarpi Pollicis.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis muscle.
External Carotid Artery.
1. Give the origin, course, branches,
and relations of the external carotid
artery.
External Circumflex Artery.
1. Describe the dissection required to
expose the external circumflex artery of
the thigh, from its origin to the termina-
tion of its branches.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
15
External Iliac Artery.
1. Describe with exactness the situa-
tion of the external iliac artery.
2. Explain the course which the blood
takes to the lower extremity after the
external iliac artery has been tied.
3. Give a plan of the relation of the
external iliac artery, and enumerate its
branches.
Eye.
1. Describe the structure of the
eye.
2. Of the different transparent parts of
the eye.
3. The appendages of the eye.
4. The optical arrangements of the
human eye.
5. The means by which spheroidal and
chromatic aberration is corrected.
6. What is the most probable mode by
which vision is adjusted to near and
distant objects ?
Eyeballs.
1. Describe the changes which occur,
both in the position and internal con-
ditions of the eyeballs, during near and
distant vision, mentioning the parts con-
cerned in effecting these changes.
Eyelid.
1. Describe the structure of the upper
eyelid; integument, mucous membrane,
cartilage, glands, muscles.
Eacial.
1. Describe the course, relations, and
anastomoses of the branches of the facial
artery, which arise below the inferior
maxilla.
2. Trace the facial artery from its
origin to its termination, and give the
distribution and relations of its
branches.
3. What muscles not belonging to
the face are supplied by the facial
nerve ?
Eallopian Tubes.
1. Describe the situation, connexions,
form, and structure of the fallopian
tubes.
Eascia.
1. What are the connections of the
fasciae (1) trans versalis, (2) axillary,
(3) upper arm, (4) thigh, (5) pelvic,
(6) perineal ?
Eatty Matter.
1. State the composition, sources, and
uses of fatty matter in the human
economy.
2. Mention the amount of fatty matter
normally present in the blood.
Femoral Artery.
1. If the femoral artery were tiedabove
the origin of the profunda, how would
the circulation be carried on ?
2. How is the circulation maintained
when the femoral artery is tied below
the profunda ?
3. Where would you compress the
femoral artery ?
4. Enumerate the anomalies of the
femoral artery.
5. Give the branches of the deep
femoral artery, points of origin, size,
course, distribution, and anastomoses.
Femoral Hernia.
1. Describe the anatomy of the parts
concerned in femoral hernia, and the
variations to which they are subject:
2. What are the coverings ?
3. Give the boundaries of the aperture
through which it descends.
Femoral King;
1. Describe the position and bound-
aries of the femoral ring ; and name the
bloodvessels which are close to it, men-
tioning their position in respect to the
ring.
Fibrine.
1. What are the chemical characters
and physical properties of fibrine ?
Fibrous Tissue.
1 . What are the various kinds of fibrous
tissue in the animal body ?
2. Describe the chemical composition,
vital properties, and the minute structure
of the yellow fibrous tissue, stating where
it is found in the human body.
3. Contrast white and yellow elastic
fibrous tissue in their chemical and
microscopical characters.
4. Give examples of elastic and non-
elastic fibrous tissue.
Fibula.
1. Describe the fibula.
2. With what bones does it articulate?
Finger.
1. Describe the attachments of the
muscles to the metacarpal bone and
phalanges of the index finger.
2. What protects the joints of the
fingers where the flexor tendons play
over them ?
Flexor Brevis Digitorum.
1. Mention in their relations to each
other the parts seen on removal of the
flexor brevis digitorum muscle.
Flexor Longus Pollicis Pedis.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
flexor longus pollicis pedis.
16 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Flexor Loiigus Pollicis Pedis— continued.
2. State the nerve by which it is sup-
plied.
Food.
1. Describe the physical and chemical
actions to which the food is subjected in
the stomach.
2. At what part of the canal, and by
what structures, does the absorption take
place ?
3. How long would a man be likely to
survive when entirely deprived of food
and water ?
4. What would be the relative loss of
weight before death ensues ; the condi-
tion of the temperature ; the symptoms
and appearances after death 1
5. What is the smallest daily amount
of food necessary to preserve health 1
Foot.
1. Describe the astragalo-scaphoid and
calcaneo-cuboid articulations of the foot.
2. Describe the parts situated in the
plantar region of the foot.
3. .Describe the course, relations, and
distribution of the nerves met with in
the dissection of the dorsum of the foot.
4. Name the articulations at which
the movements of flexion and extension,
inversion and eversion of the foot take
place.
Forearm.
1. Describe, in the order in which
they appear in dissection, the parts situa-
ted in the forearm.
Frontal Bone.
1. What is the mode of development
of the frontal bone, and in what condition
is it at birth ?
Gall Bladder.
1. Give an account of the form, situa-
tion, and structure of the gall bladder
and ducts.
Ganglia.
1. Point out the situation of the gan-
glia of the sympathetic in the head, face,
and neck.
2. Describe their relations and con-
nections with other nerves.
3. State whence each derives its mo-
tor, sensitive, and sympathetic filaments.
Ganglion.
1. Describe the situation and imme-
diate relations of the spheno-palatine
ganglion ; the nerves joining or proceed-
ing from it ; their distribution and con-
nexions.
2. Describe the position, relations,
and connexions of the otic ganglion.
Ganglion — continued.
3. Give the dissection required to dis-
play them.
4. Describe the position of the lenti-
cular ganglion ; mention the nerves with
which it is connected, the branches which
are derived from it, their course and
distribution.
Ganglionic.
1. What is the intimate composition
of the ganglionic system of nerves ?
Gastric Juice.
1. What is the apparatus for the secre-
tion of the gastric juice ?
2. Give the composition of gastric
juice, and its chemical action on food in
the stomach.
Gastrocnemius.
1. Gastrocnemius and soleus having
been removed, mention the muscles,
nerves, bloodvessels, brought into view
from the upper border of the popliteus
muscle to the heel.
2. Describe the origins, the insertions,
the length of fibre, and the disposition of
the muscular and tendinous substance of
the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles ;
also state their actions, and enumerate
the other muscles of the leg which assist
them.
Generative Organs.
1 . Describe the various changes through
which the male and female generative
organs pass in their transition from the
rudimentary to the complete stage.
Genio-Hyo Glossus,
1. Give the dissection required to ex-
pose the genio-hyo glossus muscle,
noticing all the parts brought into view,
with the relations of the salivary glands,
and of their ducts.
Gimbernat's Ligament.
1. Describe Gimbernat's ligament, and
enumerate the fibrous structures which
are connected with it.
Glands.
1. Mention the structures common to
secreting glands generally, and describe
the modifications the structure undergoes
in the different classes of glands.
2. Describe the dissection required to
expose position, size, anatomical rela-
tions, form, and minute structure of the
various glands, with their ducts, whose
secretions are poured into the mouth.
3. Enumerate the glands which possess
the compound racemose type of struc-
ture, and give a description of the minute
structure of any one of these.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
17
Glands — continued.
4. What organs of the human body
may be comprehended under the term of
ductless glands ?
5. Describe the structure and pre-
sumed functions of the ductless glands
in the human subject.
Glosso-Pharyngeal.
1. Give the origin, course, relations,
distribution, and functions of the glosso-
pharyngeal nerve, and describe the dis-
section required to expose it in its course
below the base of the skull.
Glottis.
1. Describe the respiratory movements
of the glottis.
Glutaeal Artery.
1. Describe the origin, course, and re-
lations of the glutseal artery.
2. Name its branches and their anas-
tomoses.
Gluten.
1. What are the characters and pro-
perties of gluten ?
2. To what constituent is the nutritive
properties of wheaten bread due ?
Gluteus Maximus.
1. Supposing the gluteus maximus
removed, what have we exposed be-
neath ? And state the position in which
each part lies.
2. Give the attachments of the gluteus
maximus, all the peculiarities of this
muscle, and its functions.
3. The skin of the posterior part of
the thigh from the crest of the ilium to
the knee-joint having been removed, the
gluteus maximus muscle having been cut
away, the superficial, deep fascia, and
fat having been thoroughly dissected off,
mention the parts thus exposed in the exact
order in which they are seen, beginning
at the crest, and proceeding downwards.
4. How is it supplied with blood and
nerves ?
Gluteus Medius.
1. Give the attachments and actions
of the gluteus medius.
Gluteus Minimus.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
gluteus minimus.
2. State the nerve by which it is
supplied.
Graafian Vesicle.
1. What are the structure and con-
tents of a mature Graafian vesicle ?
2. State the changes which take place
in a Graafian vesicle from which the
ovum has been discharged.
Gracilis. .
1. Give the origin, insertion, and
action of the gracilis, and state the
nerve by which it is supplied.
1. What is the structure, form, mode
of growth, and development of the-
hair?
Hearing.
1. Explain how the sense of hearing
is supposed to be induced in man.
2. State the functions assigned to the
different parts respectively of the organ
of hearing.
Heart.
1. Describe the interior of the right
auricle of the heart, and the relative
position of the different objects seen on
opening it.
2. How much larger is the pericardium
than the heart ?
3. State the average weight and cir-
cumference of the heart at ages from
twenty to thirty.
4. How would you know the anterior
surface of the heart ?
5. In what way is blood supplied to,
and returned from, the muscular struc-
ture of the heart itself ?
Heart's Action.
1. Describe the mechanism of the
heart's action.
2. Describe the impulse and various
sounds which attend the heart's action,
with the mode in which they are pro-
duced.
3. Describe the relation of the heart's
action to the nervous system.
Heat.
1. Mention the different sources of
heat in animals and nature.
2. Give an account of the mode in
which vital action is influenced by heat.
3. What is Liebig's theory of animal
heat ?
4. State the means by which heat is
generated and maintained in the human
body.
5. Explain the influence of the ner-
vous system with respect to it.
Hepatic Vein.
1. What is the distribution of the
minute branches of the hepatic vein ?
Hip-Joint.
1. Describe the various structures
which form the hip-joint.
2. Name and classify the muscles
which act upon the joint, specifying the
nervous supply and action of each.
18 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Hip- J oint — continued.
3. Describe the ligaments of the hip-
joint, and mention the muscles in con-
tact with its capsule.
4. State the course, relations, and
anastomoses of the arteries around the
hip-joint.
_ 5. Describe the attachments, rela-
tions, and uses of the ligamentum teres
of the hip-joint.
Homologies.
1. Point out the homologies between
the bones of the anterior extremity of a
horse, of an ox, and those of the upper
extremity of a man.
Humerus.
1. What is the condition of the hume-
rus at birth ?
2. State the extent of the lower epi-
physes of the humerus.
3. Describe its mode of growth in
length and thickness, the order in which
the epiphyses ossify, and the age at which
each epiphyses is united to the shaft.
Hyoid Bone.
1. Describe the hyoid bone, its form,
position, relations, ligamentous con-
nexions, nerves by which the muscles
are respectively supplied, and their actions.
2. Enumerate the different parts at-
tached to it, specifying the parts of the
bone to which each muscle is attached.
Iliac.
1. Describe the course and relations of
the left common iliac artery.
2. Name and describe the course of
the branches of the internal iliac artery,
and their distribution.
3. Point out the anatomical differences
between the left common iliac artery on
the left and right sides of the body.
4. Describe the internal iliac artery,
stating its point of origin, length, direc-
tion, and relations, with the dissection
required to display.
5. What is the relative position of the
common iliac veins ?
Ilium.
1. Name the muscles that are attached
to the ilium.
2. Describe the ilium.
Inferior Maxillary.
1. Describe the inferior maxillary
bone, its mode of ossification, and the
changes which it undergoes at different
periods of life.
2. What are the origin, course, func-
tions, of the different parts of the in-
ferior maxillary nerve ?
Inferior Maxillary— continued.
3. Describe the branches of the in-
ferior maxillary nerve, and their distri-
bution.
Inguinal Canal.
1. What are the boundaries and con-
tents of the inguinal canal in the male ?
Innervation.
1. Describe the innervation of the
respiratory organs.
2. What are the circumstances which
affect the frequency and extent of the
respiratory movements ?
3. Give an account of the innervation
of the heart.
Innominate.
1. What are the relations of the in-
nominate artery ?
2. Supposing that vessel to be ob-
structed, through what arteries would
the collateral circulation be carried on ?
3. Describe the formation, course, and
relations of the innominate veins.
4. Mention the veins which terminate
directly in each.
Inspiration.
1. State the mechanism of inspiration.
2. Mention the muscles which enlarge
the capacity of the chest during ordinary
inspiration.
3. What are the nervous arrangements
concerned in the production of an ordi-
nary inspiration ?
Inspiratory Capacity.
1. What is the average inspiratory
capacity of a healthy man, about five
feet ten inches in height ?
2. What do you understand by the
term inspiratory capacity of the
chest ?
3. Mention the circumstances and
conditions of age, sex, stature, and con-
figuration of the chest, under which the
inspiratory capacity of the thorax is
augmented or diminished.
Intercostal.
1. The relative anatomy of the first
intercostal artery.
2. Describe the dissection required to
expose the left superior intercostal
artery and vein, and contrast the
arrangement of these vessels on the two
sides of the neck.
3. Describe the action of the inter-
costal muscles in respiration.
Internal Mammary.
1. Give the origin, course, distribu-
tion, relations, and anastomoses of the
internal mammary artery.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
19
Internal Maxillary.
1. Give the origin, course, dissection,
necessary to expose branches in the
order in which they arise, parts to which
they are distributed, relations of the
internal maxillary artery ; and name
the nerves exposed to view in the dis-
section.
Interosseous Artery.
1. Give the dissection required to
expose the posterior interosseous artery
of the forearm in the whole of its course,
mentioning in the order in which they
occur the parts that must be removed in
order to expose it.
2. Give the origin, course, distribution
and relations of the interosseous nerves.
Intervertebral Disc.
1. Describe the structure of an inter-
vertebral disc.
Intestines.
1. State the differences in point of
structure between the large and small
intestines.
2. Describe the disposition and struc-
ture of peyers glands in the intestines ;
and mention what has been suggested as
to their function.
3. Mention the anatomical characters
which distinguish the three divisions of
the small intestines.
Iris.
1. Give an account of the minute
structure of the iris ; its action, position,
bloodvessels, nervous supply, and their
several functions.
2. Describe the sphincter of the iris.
3. Enumerate the chief medicinal
agents which affect the movements of
the iris, distinguishing those which cause
dilatation from those which produce
contraction of the pupil.
Ischio-Kectal.
1. Describe the ischio - rectal fossa,
mentioning the structures which bound
and occupy that space.
Jaw.
1. Describe the articulations of the
lower jaw, and its movements.
2. Name the muscles connected with
the lower jaw, and describe the attach-
ment of each muscle.
3. How do they affect the external
lateral ligament of its articulation 1
4. Contrast the lower jaw in the
child and in the adult.
Joint.
1. What are the uses of a joint ?
2. Enumerate the several joints which
Joint — continued.
are provided with a complete inter-
articular fibro-cartilage.
3. What examples of the classes of
joints are presented by those of the
lower extremity ?
4. Compare the knee and elbow joints,
as regards their construction and move-
ments.
Jugular Veins.
1. Describe the commencement, course,
termination, and relations of the jugular
veins.
2. What veins open into the internal
jugular vein ?
Kidney.
1. Give an account of the mode of
development of the kidney, from the
earliest period to the completion of the
organ, stating when the various changes
occur.
2. Describe the situation, form, func-
tions, and minute structure of the kid-
ney, with the process of renal secretion.
3. Name the structures composing the
cortical substance.
4. Describe the distribution of the
bloodvessels in the kidney.
5. Under what physiological condi-
tions does the blood pressure in the
renal arteries vary ?
6. What effect have such variations
on the secretion of urine 1
Knee-Joint.
1. Describe the attachments and rela-
tions of the crucial ligaments of the knee-
joint.
2. What are the ligaments of the knee-
joint?
3. Describe the semi-lunar f.bro-carti-
lages of the knee-joint, their structure,
and assign their uses.
4. Indicate the positions of the bursas
which are most constantly present in the
knee-joint.
Lachrymal.
1. Describe the lachrymal apparatus ;
its use, and the manner in which its
functions are performed.
2. Trace the lachrymal nerve from its
origin to its termination.
3. Give the relations of the lachrymal sac.
Lacteal System.
1. Give a general account of the
minute structure and functions of the
lacteal system.
Laryngeal Nerve.
1. What is the cause of the suffocation
which usually supervenes upon division
20 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Laryngeal Nerve — continued.
of the inferior laryngeal nerve, or of the
t runk of the pneumogastric above these
branches ?
2. Give the course and functions of the
two laryngeal nerves.
3. What muscles of the larynx are sup-
plied by the motor and sensitive filaments
of the superior laryngeal nerve ?
4. Give the dissection by which you
would expose to view the course of the
right recurrent laryngeal nerve, from its
origin to the lower border of the cricoid
cartilage.
Larynx.
1 . Name the nerves of the larynx and
their distribution.
2. Describe the cartilages, ligaments,
and intrinsic muscles of the larynx ; their
relations, attachments, and functions.
3. In what manner are vocal sounds
produced in the larynx ?
4. Describe the structure of the larynx.
Latissimus Dorsi.
1. What is the object of the latissimus
dorsi arising so high up in the back ?
Length.
1. Give the average length of the fol-
lowing parts in the adult : appendix
vermiformis, biliary ducts, duodenum,
eustachian tube, fallopian tube, gall
bladder, intestines.
Levator Ani.
1. Mention the parts in contact with
the levator ani muscle.
2. What are the attachments and
function of the levator ani muscle ?
Lever.
1. Give examples in the human body
of each form of lever, explain the action,
specify the advantages of each.
2. On what form of lever do thegreater
part of the muscles act in moving the limbs ?
3. State the mechanical advantages
and disadvantages resulting from the use
of that form of lever.
Lingual Artery.
1. Give the origin, course, distribution,
relations, and anastomoses of the lingual
artery.
2. Give the dissection required to
expose the lingual artery.
Ligament.
1. What is the purpose of the accessory
ligament of the Up ?
2. Describe the structure of ligament.
3. Name the structures which occur in
the broad ligament of the uterus, stating
their several positions.
Liver.
1. State in order the various organs, or
structures, in contact with the liver ; and
the means by which it is retained in its
position.
2. Describe the minute structure of a
lobule of the liver, and state the pecu-
liarities of the blood supply of that organ.
3. What is the glycogenic function of
the liver ?
4 . Describe the inferior surface of the
liver, mentioning the parts with which
it is in relation.
Lung.
1. Describe the structure of a lobule
of the human lung.
2. Describe the constituents of the
roots of the lung, on either side, in their
several relations to each other, and to
the neighbouring parts, and state their
mode of distribution within the lung.
3. Whence are derived the nutrient
vessels of the lungs ?
4. What nerves supply them ?
Lymphatic.
1. Give a general account of what is
known respecting the microscopic
structure and functions of a lymphatic
gland.
2. Give an account of the structure of
lymphatic vessels, and the power by which
the lymph is moved.
3. Explain the mode of origin of the
lymphatic system.
4. What classes of animals possess
lymphatics ?
Malleolus.
1. Give the relative position of the
vessels, nerve, and tendons passing be-
hind the inner malleolus.
Mammary Gland.
1. Describe the structure of the mam-
mary gland.
Masseter Muscle.
1. Describe the parts, as displayed on
dissection, contained in the space
bounded by four lines corresponding to
the borders of the masseter muscle, pro-
ceeding from the surface inwards to the
mesial line.
Mastication.
1. Describe the act of mastication,
mentioning the muscles concerned there-
in, and the nerve centres by which these
muscles are controlled.
Maxillary.
1. Describe the portions of bone which
enter into the construction of the internal
wall of the maxillary antrum.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
■21
Maxillary — continued.
2. Describe the superior maxillary
bone, its development and connections.
3. Mention the articular surfaces of
the superior maxillary bone, and its rela-
tions with blood-vessels, nerves, muscles.
4. Mention the nerves which pass
through the foramina of the superior
maxillary bone.
Mediastinum.
1. What parts are contained in the
mediastinum, and theirrelative positions?
2. State the boundaries of the medias-
tinum.
3. Describe in order from above down-
wards the several structures which are
brought into view when the sternum and
costal cartilages have been removed, the
anterior mediastinum cleaned, and the
pericardium laid open.
Medulla Oblongata.
1. Describe the minute structure.
2. General form.
3. Relations.
4. Dimensions.
5. Connexion of the various parts
with the cerebrum, pons cerebellum, and
spinal cord.
6. Give an account of the functions of
the medulla oblongata.
Mesenteric Arteries.
1. Describe the origin, course, and dis-
tribution of the superior and inferior
mesenteric arteries, and the anastomoses
they form.
Middle Meningeal.
1. Give the origin, course, distribution,
and anastomoses of the middle meningeal
artery.
Mucous Membrane.
1. Describe the mucous membrane of
the genito-urinary apparatus in the male,
stating precisely the structural peculiari-
ties, the sources of vascular and nervous
supply of each part.
2. What are the differences observable
by the naked eye in the mucous mem-
brane of the several parts of the alimen-
tary canal below the pharynx of man ?
3. Describe the mucous membrane of
the dorsum of the tongue.
4. Mention the peculiar characters of
mucous membranes met with in the
various regions.
Muscle.
1. Describe the structure of the fibres
of voluntary muscle, and state in what
particulars the muscle of the heart differs
from the above.
Muscular Fibre.
1. Give an account of the minute struc-
ture of the striated muscular fibre, and
of its vital endowments.
2. Describe the two principal kinds of
muscular fibre, in regard to structure and
function.
3. State in what parts of the human
body they are respectively found.
Muscular Sense.
1. What is the nature of the muscular
sense ?
Muscular Tissue.
1. What are the microscopic features
and physiological properties of muscular
tissue ?
Musculo-Spiral.
1. Give the formation, course, relative
anatomy, and distribution of the mus-
culo-spiral nerve.
2. If the musculo-spiral branch of the
brachial plexus of nerves were divided in
the centre of the axilla, name the muscles
which would be paralysed, and describe
the positions which the forearm and hand
would assume.
3. Describe the dissection required to
expose the trunk of the musculo-spiral
nerve.
Nails.
1. What is the structure, form, mode
of growth, development, and connexions
of the nails ?
Nasal.
1. Give the bony boundaries of the
nasal duct and fossse, mentioning the
openings by which they communicate
with other cavities, the arteries and
nerves distributed to their lining mem-
branes.
2. Describe mucous membrane of the
nasal passages and cavities, and state
precisely how each region is supplied
with nerves.
Neck.
1. Describe the parts contained in the
space bounded, above, by the lower bor-
der of the jaw ; below, by the os hyoides ;
behind, by a line drawn from the angle
of the lower jaw to the extremity of the
great cornu of the os hyoides ; and in-
ternally, by the median line of the
neck.
2. In a transverse section of the neck,
through the fourth cervical vertebra'
name the parts seen in their order from
before backwards.
Nerve.
1. Describe the third cerebral nerve.
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Nerve — continued.
2. Give a general account of the origin,
distribution, and functions of the fifth
cranial nerve.
3. Give the origin and distribution of
the sixth nerve.
4. Trace the course and relations of
the fourth nerve.
Nerve Cells.
1. Describe the form, size, and struc-
ture of nerve-cells, and their varieties.
2. Describe the experiments by which
Waller was led to the conclusion that
the nutrition of nerve fibres is influenced
by nerve cells.
Nerve Fibre.
1. What is the structure of nerve fibre?
and mention instances where each variety
is met with.
2. What are the functions of nerve
fibre?
Nervous System.
1. What are the structural elements
of the nervous system ?
2. Describe them, and the varieties
they present in different parts.
3. State what you know of the vaso-
motor nervous system, and of its func-
tions.
4. Cite facts and experiments by which
such conclusions have been reached.
Nervous Tissue.
1. Give an account of the microscopical
characters of the different forms of ner-
vous tissue.
Nose.
1. Give the anatomy of the nose, de-
scribing its bony parietes, its cartilages,
the different orifices communicating with
its cavities, its lining membrane, its
bloodvessels, and nerves.
Nutrition.
1. What is the nature of the process
of healthy nutrition, with respect to : (1)
blood ; (2) tissue ; (3) nervous system ?
2. What are the essentials for its per-
formance ?
3. State briefly what is known of the
influence of the nervous system in nutri-
tion.
Oblique.
1. What are the oblique muscles of
the eye ; their uses, relations, origin,
course, insertion, and nervous supply ?
Obliquus.
1. Give the origin, insertion, and state
the nerves by which the obliquus exter-
nus and internus abdominis are sup-
plied.
Obturator.
1. What are the parts in immediate
relation with the obturator externus ?
2. Describe the origin, course, and
distribution of the obturator'nerve ; and
mention any varieties occasionally met
with.
3. Describe the anatomy of the ex-
ternal rotators of the neck of the femur,
specially of the obturator internus in
relation to dislocation of the hip-joint.
Occipital Artery.
1. Give the dissection required to
show the origin, course, and distri-
bution of the occipital artery, describing
the several parts exposed in the dis-
section.
Occipital Bone.
1. With what bones does the occipital
bone articulate ?
2. Describe the articulation of the
axis with the occipital bone.
3. Describe the shape and position of
the occipital bone, the muscles attached
to it, and their points of attachment.
4. Describe the ligaments which con-
nect the two uppermost vertebrae of the
neck to each other, and to the occipital
bone.
CEsophagus.
1. Give the relative anatomy of the
oesophagus, the dissection necessary to
expose it, and its structure.
Omo-Hyoid.
1. What is the object of the peculiar
direction of the omo-hyoid muscle ?
2. Describe the parts brought into
view in exposing the omo-hyoid, from
the point at which it emerges from
behind the clavicle to its insertion.
3. Mention at what level the omo-
hyoid muscle crosses the carotid artery.
4. Describe the omo-hyoid, its attach-
ments, position, the character of its
muscular and tendinous parts, its nerves,
their place of entrance into it, and its
relations.
Optic Nerve.
1. Trace the course of the optic nerve
fibres.
Orbit.
1. Give the bony boundaries of the
orbit, and the relative position of the
bones in its walls.
2. Give the foramina opening into the
orbit, and the parts passing through them.
3. Name the nerves of the orbit, posi-
tion as they enter, relations in the cavity,
and their distribution.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
23
Orbit — contiii ue<1.
4. Name the dissection necessary to
expose the contents of the orbit.
Organic Functions.
1 . Enumerate the several organic func-
tions.
Os Femoris.
1. Give the origins, insertions, and
actions of the muscles attached to the
upper third of the os femoris.
Os Innominatum.
1. Give an account of the os innomi-
natum, mentioning the several muscles
attached to it, with their place of attach-
ment, and the nerve supplying each
muscle.
Os Magnum.
1. The connexions of the os magnum
of the carpus.
Os Scaphoid.
1. What supports the os scaphoid in
the perfect foot ?
Os Trapesium.
1. Describe the os trapesium.
Ossification.
1. State the centres of ossification of
the occipital bone, femur, dorsal verte-
bra. Assign the time at which each
becomes united to the shaft, and their
respective positions in the ossification.
2. Describe the process of ossifica-
tion.
3. Describe the course observed in the
ossification of the femur and of the tibia,
stating the order and periods of life at
which ossification commences, and is
completed at each point.
4. State the different modes in which
ossification takes place, giving an in-
stance of each.
Ovary and Ovum.
1. Describe the situation, structure,
form, functions, and connexions of the
human ovary and ovum, with its vessels
and nerves.
Oxygen.
1 . How much oxygen is consumed by
a healthy adult person, under ordinary
circumstances, daily ?
2. What are its principal purposes in
the system ?
3. In what forms is it chiefly elimi-
nated ?
Palate.
1. What are the uses of the arches of
the palate ?
2. Describe the origin, insertion, and
functions of the muscles of the soft
palate.
Palate— continued.
3. Mention the structures which com-
pose the soft palate.
4. What muscles raise the soft palate
— arteries and nerves supplying it '!
Palate Bone.
1. Give a full description of the palate
bone, its relations to surrounding parts,
blood-vessels, nerves, connexions, pro-
cesses and foramina.
2. Mention the nerves which pass
through the foramina of the palate
bone.
Palm of the Hand.
1. Describe the distribution of the
several structures composing the palm of
the hand, in the order in which they
present themselves in dissection.
Palmar.
1. How are we to ascertain the exact
position of the superficial palmar arterial
arch in the hand ?
2. Describe in order the parts met
with in the dissection required to expose
the deep palmar arterial arch.
3. Describe the formation of the super-
ficial and deep palmar arterial arch, their
respective branches, and the dissection
required to display them.
4. Mention the structures exposed on
removal of the palmar fascia, and describe
their relative position.
Pancreas.
1. Describe the pancreas ; its position,
form, relations, structure, and physiologi-
cal functions.
2. Describe the effects on digestion,
which are assigned to the secretion of
the pancreas ; and its action on albumi-
noid, gelatinoid, fatty, and starchy sub-
stances.
Parotid Gland.
1. Describe the parotid gland ; its-
structure and connexions ; also the
sources of its bloodvessels and nerves.
2. Give the dissection necessary to
display the parotid gland.
Pectoralis Major.
1. The whole of the pectoralis major
being removed, mention the various
parts exposed, and their relative posi-
tion.
2. Describe the pectoralis major muscle
in man, including the disposition of its
fibres.
3. What is its action ?
Pelvis.
1. What are the contents of the
pelvis ?
24 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Pelvis — continued.
2. Describe the method of making a
side view of the contents of the male
pelvis ; and give a general description of
the parts thereby exposed.
3. What are the distinctive characters
of the male and female pelvis?
4. Describe the mode in which you
would proceed to obtain a side view of
the parts contained in the female pelvis ;
then state the position and relation of
the various parts, together with the
bloodvessels and nerves by which they
are supplied.
Penis.
1. How does the blood get from the
arteries into the cells of the penis ?
2. How does the blood return from
the cells of the penis ?
3. Discuss the views entertained re-
garding the mechanism by which the
penis becomes erected.
Pepsine.
1. How may pepsine be isolated?
Pericardium.
1. Describe the position and structure
of the pericardium.
Perineum.
1. Give the anatomy of the perineum
in the male.
2. Enumerate in their order, from the
skin inwards, the parts displayed in the
dissection of the perineum.
Peritoneum.
1. What parts of the alimentary canal
are only partially covered by peri-
toneum ?
2. Contrast the pelvic reflections of
the peritoneum in the male and female ;
and state the operations in which an
exact knowledge of their limits is essen-
tial.
Peroneal.
1. Describe the origin, course, distri-
bution, and anastomoses of the peroneal
artery.
2 Enumerate the muscles supplied by
the peroneal nerve.
Peroneus Longus.
1. State the dissection required to
expose the peroneus longus, in its whole
course, from its origin to its insertion,
mentioning its relations to other parts.
Pharynx.
1. Describe the origin, insertion, and
functions of the muscles of the pharynx.
2. State the nerves by which they are
respectively supplied.
3. The pharynx being opened from
Pharynx — con/ in /in/.
behind, describe the parts brought into
view without further dissection.
Phrenic Nerves.
1. In what respects do the phrenic nerves
differ from each other in their course ?
2. State the origin, course, and mode
of distribution of the phrenic aerves.
3. Whathappcns when they are divided ?
Pia Mater.
1. Describe the structure and attach-
ments of the pia mater in the interior
of the brain, and its uses.
Pituitary Body.
1. Describe the pituitary body in the
adult, and give its relations " to the
various structures lying within half an
inch of the limits of the pituitary fossa.
Placenta.
1. In what does the human placenta
differ from other placentas according to
the Hunterian theory ?
2. Describe the circulation of blood
through the placenta between the mother
and the fcetus.
Plantar.
1. Give the origin, course, and distri-
bution of the externaland internal plantar
arteries.
Plexus.
1. How is the solar plexus formed ?
2. Describe the cervical plexus of
nerves, mentioning how it is formed, its
position, and its branches of connexion
and distribution.
3. The lumbar plexus ; its situation,
relations, the nerves constituting it, and
their arrangement in it ; then give the
nerves proceeding from it, in the order
in which they come off from above down-
wards, with the course and distribution
of each.
4. Give the dissection required to
display the sacral plexus of nerves ; and
describe the course and relations of its
several branches within the pelvis.
Pneumogastric Nerve.
1 . Where does the pneumogastric nerve
arise ?
2. What foramen does it pass out of ?
3. Mention the branches of the pneu-
mogastric nerve ; its course and relations
on the right and left sides.
4. Describe the distribution of the
pneumogastric nerve in the thorax.
Popliteal.
1. Give the branches of the popliteal
artery ; points of origin, size, course,
distribution, and anastomoses.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
25
Popliteal — contin ued.
2. What are the boundaries of the
popliteal space ; its form, contents, and
relations they hold to each other ?
Popliteus.
1. The superficial muscles of the calf
being removed, describe the parts brought
into view between the lower border of
the popliteus muscle and the head.
2. Describe the form and relations of
the popliteus muscle.
3. Mention in the order in which they
appear, the parts which must be re-
moved to expose it.
Portal Vein.
1. Describe the course and relations of
the portal vein, outside the liver.
2. What is the distribution of the
minute branches of the portal vein ?
3. Enumerate the veins which com-
bine to form the portal vein.
4. Give the course and termination of
the portal vein.
5. What are the peculiarities of the
blood in the portal vein 1
Portio Dura.
1. Give the origin, course, connexions,
and distribution of the portio dura nerve,
outside the stylo-mastoid foramen.
Poupart's Ligament.
1. What is Poupart's ligament ?
2. What passes under it 1
3. What are its relations ?
Prismatic Colours.
1. Enumerate the primitive or pris-
matic colours.
Profunda Cervicis Artery.
1. Describe the origin, relations, and
course of the profunda cervicis artery, and
the dissection required to expose it on
the posterior aspect of the vertebrae.
Pronator Eadii Teres.
1. Describe the attachments of the
pronator radii teres muscle.
2. Name the directly antagonistic
muscle.
Prostate Gland.
1. Give the anatomy of the prostate
gland, describing its size, form, situa-
tion, connexions, functions, and struc-
ture.
2. State in what surgical operations
it is implicated, and to what extent.
3. How is the capsule for the pro-
state gland and neck of the bladder
constructed ?
Proteine.
1. What are the characters and pro-
perties of proteine ?
Proximate Principles.
1. Name the proximate principles in
animals.
2. What is meant by proximate prin-
ciples in plants ?
3. Give a short account of the most
important proximate principles, mention-
ing the tissues in which they occur, and
distinguish the ternary from the quater-
nary.
Psoas Muscle.
1. Give a description of the psoas
muscle.
Pterygoid Muscles.
1. What parts must be removed to
expose the pterygoid muscles ?
2. Describe these muscles, noticing
their relations to adjacent structures, the
source from whence they derive their
nerves, and their precise action in masti-
cation.
Pterygoid Plates.
1. Describe that portion of the under
surface of the base of the skull which
is bounded in front by a horizontal line
drawn through the roots of the pterygoid
plates, and behind by a line between the
points of the mastoid processes ; and then
mention, in their order from before back-
wards, the several structures in direct re-
lation with it.
Pudic Artery.
1. Enumerate the branches of the
pudic artery.
2. Give the course and distribution of
the internal pudic artery in the male.
3. Specify the operations in which any
particular branch of it is liable to be
wounded.
Pulse.
1. Mention the frequency of the human
pulse.
2. What are the healthy conditions
which influence its rate and character ?
3. What is the nature of the arterial
pulse?
4. Give a full account of the pulse
wave.
Quadra tus Femoris.
1. Give the dissection required to ex-
pose the quadratus femoris, and mention
the parts in immediate relation with it.
Quadratus Lumborum.
1. Describe the attachments, the rela-
tions in front and behind, of the quad-
ratus lumborum muscle.
Quantity.
1. What is the quantity of blood con-
tained in each cardiac ventricle ?
2
26 EX A MINA TION Q U EST IONS
ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Quantity— continued.
2. What is the quantity of blood con-
tained in the body of a healthy adult
man ?
Radial Artery.
1. Describe the steps of the dissection
required to display the course of the radial
artery, from the styloid process to its
termination.
Eadius.
1. Describe the radius, including its
articular surfaces, and mention the
various muscles and tendons attached
to, and in connection with it.
2. Give also their nerve supply.
3. State the kind of movement which
the radius describes at its upper and its
lower end.
Eanine Arteries.
1. State the relations of the ranine
arteries.
Recti.
1. Give with precision the origin, in-
sertion, and use of the recti muscles of
the head.
Rectum.
1. What is the rectum ?
2. How is it divided ?
3. Describe the anatomical relations of
the last four inches of the rectum, in the
male, its^ structure, position, and the ar-
rangement of its bloodvessels.
Rectus Abdominis.
1. How is the sheath of the rectus
abdominis formed, and to what extent is
that sheath imperfect ?
2. What other peculiarity has it ?
3. Give the origin and insertion of the
rectus abdominis, and explain its action.
Rectus Femoris.
1. Give the attachments and actions
of the rectus femoris.
Reflex Action.
1. Define reflex action of the nervous
system.
2. Give instances of the various phe-
nomena assigned to it on the living body.
3. Through the reflex action of what
nerves can the respiratory muscles be
called into action ?
Reproduction.
1. Describe the different modes of re-
production in the animal kingdom, and
give an illustration of each.
Respiration.
1. For what offices within the body is
the oxygen introduced by respiration
employed, in addition to the change in
the state of the blood ?
Respiration — continued.
2. What are the changes which occur
in the air and blood during respiration ?
3. State the chemical phenomena of
respiration.
4. What is meant by abdominal and
thoracic respiration ?
5. Describe the mechanism of each ;
of what age and sex each is character-
istic.
Retina.
1. Enumerate the structures of which
the retina is composed.
2. Mention the anatomical and phy-
siological facts that prove the rods and
cones to be the peripheral terminal or-
gans of the optic nerve.
3. Explain the mode in which the
images of external objects are formed on
the retina.
4. Give the reasons for supposing that
the part of the retina specially adapted
to receive the optical image for the pur-
pose of vision is the layer of rods and
cones.
5. Describe its position, connexions,
and functions.
Rib.
1. Describe the dissection required to
expose the upper surface of the first rib ;
and mention, in order, from before back-
wards, the several structures which are
in contact with that bone.
2. In what respects does this rib differ
from all the others ?
3. Describe the articulations of the
posterior end of the second rib with the
spinal column.
4. Describe the articulations and liga-
ments of the seventh rib, and the attach-
ments of the muscles to it.
5. Give a general description of the
ribs, and the peculiarities by which cer-
tain ribs are distinguished.
Rima Glottidis.
1. State by what muscles the rima
glottidis is influenced, and how they act in
changing its shape.
Sacrum.
1. Describe the sacrum, and fifth lum-
bar vertebra, and their mode of con-
nexion with each other, and with ad-
jacent bones.
2. Point out in what points this bone
differs in the male and female.
Saliva.
1. State the chemical composition, and
physiological properties of the saliva on
the food.
ANATOMY AND PIIYSIOLOGY.
27
Saphenous Opening.
1. What bounds the saphenous opening
in the thigh externally 1
Scalenus Anticus.
1. The connexions of the scalenus
anticus ; what parts must be removed to
expose the anterior surface of that
muscle ?
Scalp.
1. Why will not the scalp lose its
vitality and liberate the sloughs, like the
skin of other parts, in phlegmonous
erysipelas ?
2. Enumerate the dangers in wounds
of the scalp as compared with wounds of
the skin.
3. Describe the origin and course of
the branches of arteries which are sup-
plied to the hairy scalp.
4. Give a description of the scalp ;
enumerate the veins and sensory nerves
which are distributed to it.
Scapula.
1. Enumerate the muscles attached to
the scapula, and describe the exact
points of their attachment.
2. State the nerves and vessels by
which they are supplied.
3. What is the action of each muscle ?
Sciatic Nerve.
1. Describe, step by step, the dis-
section required to expose the great
sciatic nerve, from the sciatic foramen
to its place of bifurcation.
2. Give the dissection required to ex-
pose the trunk and branches of the small
sciatic nerve.
Sclerotic.
1. Give the structure of the sclerotic.
Secretions.
1. Mention the various secretions con-
tributing to the process of digestion.
2. State whence they are derived, and
the chemical constitution and special
functions of each.
3. In what respects do excrementitious
and recrementitious secretions differ ?
4. Mention the most important of each
class.
Semi-Membranosus.
1. Describe the origin, insertion, and
structure of the semi-membranosus
muscle.
Septum Lucidum.
1. What are the attachments of the
septum lucidum ?
Serratus Magnus.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
serratus magnus, the vessels and nerves
Serratus Magnus — continued.
by which it is supplied, and enumerate
the muscles which are its antagonists.
Shoulder-joint.
1. Describe the anatomy of the
shoulder-joint, noticing, in the order in
which they are placed, the muscles, mode
in which the various movements of the
joint are effected by them, nerves, blood-
vessels, and other parts, in immediate
relation with it.
2. Why does the long tendon of the
biceps pass through the shoulder-joint ?
Skin.
1. Give an account of the functions
performed by the skin.
2. State the characters, the quantity,
and the uses of the secretions of the
skin.
3. State what physiological effects
result from their suppression.
4. Give an account of the several
structures which enter into the formation
of the skin.
5. Refer to the structure of the
sebaceous follicles, sudoriparous glands,
and ducts.
Smell.
1. Give an account of the essential
and accessory parts of the organ of
smell.
Spermatic Cord.
1. Describe the anatomical composition
of the spermatic cord.
2. Mention the coverings of the sper-
matic cord, in its course from the internal
abdominal ring to the scrotum.
Spermatozoids.
1. Describe the form, movements, and
development of the spermatozoids, and
their function in the act of fecunda-
tion.
Sphenoid Bone.
1. Describe the sphenoid bone.
2. Mention the bones with which it
articulates, the parts in relation to its
superior surface, and state its position in
the skull.
3. Describe accurately the greater
wing of the sphenoid bone :
(1.) Objects seen upon the dry bone.
(2.) Anatomical regions into the
boundaries of which it enters.
(3.) Parts related to its several sur-
faces.
Sphygmograph.
1. Describe the construction of the
sphygmograph, and explain, physically,
its working.
2—2
28 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Spinal Accessory Nerve.
1. Describe the origin, course, con-
nexions, distribution, brandies and
functions of the various branches of the
spinal accessory nerve.
2. Describe the parts met with in dis-
secting the spinal accessory nerve, from
the point where it escapes from beneath
the digastric muscle to its termination.
3. Give the origin, course, and distri-
bution of the spinal accessory nerve.
Spinal Cord.
1. Describe a transverse section of the
spinal cord in the dorsal region.
2. Describe the means by which the
spinal cord and its membranes are con-
nected with the walls of the spinal cord,
and with each other.
3. What phenomena results from
dividing only the posterior columns of
the spinal cord in the living animal ?
4. Describe the structure of the white
and grey matter of the spinal cord, and
mention the essential points of difference
in functions.
5. Assign the limits of the posterior
columns of the spinal cord.
Spinal Nerves.
1. Upon what evidence is our know-
ledge of the functions of the anterior
and posterior roots of the spinal nerves
founded ?
2. State the total number, and the
number of each division of the spinal
nerves.
3. Describe the manner in which
spinal nerves join the spinal cord.
Spleen.
1. How are the bloodvessels of the
spleen distributed ?
2. What are the uses of the spleen,
and how are they connected with the
history of the blood corpuscles ?
3. Describe the nature of the spleen.
4. Enumerate the other organs which
more or less resemble it.
5. What is the histological structure
of the spleen ?
Sterno -Clavicular.
1. Describe the sterno-clavicular joint.
2. What are the movements which
take place at the joint ?
3. What muscles cause these move-
ments ?
Sterno-Mastoid.
1. Is the scalenus anticus entirely con-
cealed from view by the sterno-mastoid
muscle, or not ?
2. Give the origin, insertion, relation,
Sterno-Mastoid — continued.
actions, nervous and blood supply of the
sterno-mastoid.
3. Name the principal muscles, blood-
vessels, and nerves which it covers.
Sternum.
1. Describe the sternum, its articula-
tions, and its muscular attachments.
Stomach.
1. What are the connexions of the
stomach ?
2. Give an account of the structure of
the mucous membrane of the stomach,
in the cardiac, central, and pyloric ori-
fices, respectively.
3. What influence do the nerves exert
over the digestive functions of the
stomach ?
4. Where is the stomach situated ?
5. From what sources are its vessels
and nerves derived ?
Subclavian Artery.
1. If the subclavian artery were tied
in the first part of its course, how would
the arm be supplied with blood ?
2. If the subclavian artery were tied
in the third part of its course, how would
the arm be supplied with blood ?
3. What are the differences between
the right and left subclavian artery in
the first part of its course ?
4. Describe the relative position of the
subclavian artery in the third part of its
course.
5. Give the anatomical grounds on
which ligature of the subclavian artery
in the third stage is to be preferred to
ligature of the axillary artery in its first
stages.
Submaxillary.
1. Give the dissection required to ex-
pose the submaxillary gland.
2. Give the position and relations of
the submaxillary gland. Trace its duct
into the mouth, and state the nature and
uses of its secretion.
Subscapular Artery.
1. Give the dissection required to
expose the subscapular artery, and its
branches.
Supinator Radii Brevis.
1. Give the dissection required, and
mention in the order in which they ap-
pear the parts that must be removed
in order to expose the supinator radii
brevis.
Supra-renal Body.
1. Describe the situation, form, and
internal structure of the supra -renal
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
29
Supra-renal Body — continued.
body ; the source, mode of distribution
of its bloodvessels and nerves, with the
evidence which at present exists regard-
ing its function.
Supra-scapular Artery.
1. Trace the supra-scapular artery,
from its origin to its termination, noticing
the dissection necessary to display it,
and naming its various anastomoses.
Supra-scapular Nerve.
1. Trace the supra - scapular nerve,
from its origin to its termination,
noticing the dissection necessary to dis-
play it.
Sympathetic Nerve.
1. What effects follow division of the
sympathetic nerve in the neck, as far as
relates to the organ of vision ?
2. State the effects upon a secreting
gland of the division or lesion of that
portion of the sympathetic nerve from
which it is supplied.
3. Describe the thoracic portion of the
sympathetic nerve, and the distribution
of its branches.
Tarsus.
1. Describe the lines of articulation
between the tarsus and the metatarsus,
giving the form of each of the articular
surfaces.
Taste.
1. Where is the sense of taste most
developed ?
Tears.
1. Describe the apparatus for the se-
cretion of the tears.
Teeth.
1. What are the respective numbers of
the temporary and permanent teeth ?
2. State as nearly as you can the
periods at which you would expect the
different teeth to appear.
3. Give the kinds of the teeth in
man.
4. Describe the external configuration
and the position of the teeth of the adult,
and their internal structure so far as it
can be discerned with the naked eye.
5. State the characters visible to the
naked eye of the first and third true
molar teeth in both jaws.
Temporal Bone.
1. Describe the changes which take
place in the temporal bone between birth
and puberty.
2. In what homological relation does
the styloid process of the temporal bone
stand to the os hyoides ?
Temporo-Maxillary.
1. Describe the temporo-marlllary
articulation in man, and the movements
which take place in it.
Tendon.
1. Describe the structure, both naked
eye and microscopic, of a tendon.
2. In what way are the tendons sup-
plied with blood ?
Tensor Vaginae Femoris.
1. Give the origin and insertion of the
tensor vaginae femoris, and state the
nerve by which it is supplied.
Testicle.
1. Describe the change of position of
the testicle in its course from the abdo-
men to the scrotum.
2. What are the coverings which it
successively acquires during that stage ?
3. Where do the arteries of the testicle
arise, and where do the veins terminate?
4. Describe the anatomy of the tes-
ticle ; position, form, relations, structure,
and nervous supply.
5. With what parts in the female do
its parts severally correspond ?
Testis.
1. Give an account of the mode of
development in the testis.
Thalamus Opticus.
1. Mention the parts which must be
removed in order to expose the entire of
the upper surfaces of the thalamus
opticus.
Thoracic Duct.
1. Describe the receptaculum chyli
and thoracic duct, including their struc-
ture and relations to adjoining textures ;
and mention the points of entrance into
the duct of its chief tributaries.
Thorax.
1. Describe the boundaries of the
upper opening of the thorax.
2. Enumerate the parts which pass
through it, and state their relative posi-
tions.
3. Give the parts which form the
boundaries of the thorax.
Thumb.
1. Describe the position of the thumb ;
its bones, articulations, the several
motions which may be performed by the
thumb, stating the muscles by which
they are effected, together with the origin
and insertion of these muscles.
2. Give the attachments and nervous
supply of each of the muscles which flex
and extend the thumb.
3. Enumerate the muscles connected
30 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Thumb — continued.
with the thumb, giving their origins and
insertions, and the precise relative posi-
tion of those constituting the ball of the
thumb, with their relations, bloodvessels,
nerves, and tendons.
Thyroid.
1. Describe the position and shape of
the thyroid body, in relation to the sur-
rounding structures.
2. Describe the origin, course, distri-
bution, and termination of the arteries
and veins of the thyroid body.
3. Enumerate the muscles which are
attached to the thyroid cartilage, dis-
tinguishing their several places of attach-
ment.
Tibia.
1. Describe the arrangement of the
osseous tissue in the tibia.
2. State the sources whence the tibia
is supplied with blood, and describe how
the arteries permeate its structure.
3. Describe the attachment of muscles
to the tibia, and mention the nerve supply
of each.
Tibial.
1. Enumerate the branches of the
anterior tibial artery ; give its muscular
relations in the leg, and the operation
for arresting hasmorrhage in punctured
wound of this vessel in the middle of the
leg.
2. Give the relations of the posterior
tibial artery, from its commencement to
its bifurcation ; and describe the opera-
tion of tying it in the middle third of its
course.
3. Describe the dissection necessary to
expose the whole length of the anterior
tibial nerve, and mention the muscles
which it supplies.
Tongue.
1. Give the attachments and actions
of the muscles of the tongue.
2. Describe the arrangement and
structure of the compound papillae of the
tongue.
3. Describe the functions of the
tongue.
4. Enumerate the extrinsic muscles
of the tongue, and their relative positions.
5. Mention the nerves and blood-
vessels which are distributed to the
tongue ; their course, and give the func-
tions of its nerves.
Tonsils.
1. State very shortly the size, weight,
shape, functions, muscles, and vessels in
Tonsils — continued.
immediate relation with the tonsils ; also
the sources of their blood supply.
2. Illustrate its characters by men-
tioning any gland or glands which it
resembles in structure, and the features
of this resemblance.
Touch.
1. On what arrangement of nerves is
the sense of touch dependent ?
Trachea.
1. What are the structures composing
the trachea ?
2. Give its direction, size, length, and
relations to adjacent structures.
3. What are its cervical and thoracic
relations ?
4. Describe the surgical relations of
the trachea in the neck.
5. Where does it bifurcate ?
Trapesius.
1. Describe in their proper order the
parts brought into view when the trape-
sius muscle is removed.
Tympanum.
1. Describe the boundaries of the
cavity of the tympanum ; the various
processes and openings observable in them,
and the parts contained within the
cavity, including the nerves traversing
or in immediate relation with it.
2. Describe the position, form, and
relations of the cavity of the tympanum ;
and point out the anatomical arrange-
ments by which vibrations are trans-
mitted across that cavity to the laby-
rinth.
3. Describe the membrana tympani in
man, and its structure.
Ulnar.
1. Give the formation, course, distri-
bution, and relations of the ulnar artery
and nerve.
2. Describe the course and distribution
of the ulnar nerve in the palm, and the
dissection necessary to expose it.
Urea.
1. What is the chemical composi-
tion of urea, and its physical charac-
ters ?
2. State the source of its formation,
and the average amount per diem of its
excretion.
3. State how its presence may be
detected in the urine, and other fluids of
the body.
4. Give the precise nature of urea.
5. How is urea separated from the
urine ?
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
31
Ureter.
1. Give the relations of the right and
left ureter.
2. What symptoms indicate the pre-
sence of a calculus in the ureter ?
3. Describe the course and position of
the ureter.
Urethra.
1. Describe the membranous portion
of the male urethra ; its form, immediate
relations, and structures.
2. Give the dissection requisite to
expose the membranous portion of the
urethra.
3. What are the connections of the
triangular ligament of the urethra ?
4. Into what parts is the urethra of
the male divided ?
5. What names are applied to these
parts ?
Urine.
1. Describe the urine of a healthy
person.
2. What is the influence of food,
exercise, and season, on the organic and
inorganic salts of the urine ?
3. What is the average daily quantity
discharged by an adult man ?
4. Describe the preparation of hip-
puric acid from urine ; and explain its
decomposition by hot hydrochloric acid.
5. State its specific gravity.
Uterus.
1. Describe the virgin uterus, and its
appendages, as examined by the naked
eye.
2. Describe the structure of the
uterus, and mention the changes which
take place during gestation.
3. Describe the changes which take
place in the ovaries and uterus at each
catamenial period.
Uvula.
1 . Describe the structure and functions
of the uvula.
Vagina.
1. Describe the situation, connections,
form, and structure of the vagina.
Vagus Nerve.
1. What is the course of the left vagus
nerve, and what are its branches ?
Valves.
1. Describe the auriculo- ventricular
valves.
2. Explain their function and modes
of action.
3. Describe the structure, form, and
attachments of the cardiac valves, and
explain their functions.
Vaso-Motor.
1. What is meant by the vaso-motor
centre ?
2. Give the evidence of its existence.
Vein.
1. What is the purpose oftheazygos
vein ?
2. Describe the structure of the wall3
of the veins, and the mechanism of the
valves.
3. What veins are known to be desti-
tute of valves ?
4. Describe the position and arrange-
ment of the veins in the vertebral canal.
5. In what respect do veins in different
parts of the body differ from each other
in structure ?
Vena Cava.
1. Enumerate the veins which join the
inferior vena cava.
2. Describe the course and relations of
the veins which terminate in the inferior
vena cava, above the junction of the
common iliac.
Venous System.
1. Describe the general plan upon
which the venous system is constructed.
2. Mention the parts on which certain
peculiarities of structure are noticed.
3. State the agencies which promote
the flow of blood towards the heart.
4. Mention the forces concerned in the
venous circulation, and describe their
action.
Ventricle.
1. Name in order from above down-
wards the parts of the brain which must
be removed to show the third ventricle of
the brain.
2. State the boundaries of that cavity.
3. Describe the fourth encephalic ven-
tricle.
4. What are the lateral ventricles of
the brain ?
5. Supposing the roof of the lateral
ventricles, in other words the corpus
callosum, to be removed, what have we
to remark on the floor of their interior ?
Vertebra.
1. Describe the principal parts of a
vertebra, and the uses of each part.
2. Describe the characters which dis-
tinguish the vertebra of the cervical,
dorsal, and lumbar regions from each
other, and what are the purposes served
by those peculiarities.
3. Describe the peculiarities of the
first and last dorsal vertebrae.
4. Give a description of the tenth,
32 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Ver tebra— continued.
eleventh, and twelfth dorsal vertebrae,
and of their articulation with the ribs
and other vertebrae.
Vertebral Artery.
1. State the origin and course of the
vertebral arteries, and their distribution
within the cranium.
2. Describe the relations of the right
vertebral artery.
Vessels.
1. How are nerve vessels formed ?
2. By what simple experiment can it
be shown that the walls of the blood-
vessels have an osmotic property ?
Vestibule.
1. Describe the vestibule and semi-
circular canals in the dry bone ; also the
soft structures they contain in the recent
state.
Villus.
1. Describe the structure of an intes-
tinal villus.
2. What is the function of an intesti-
nal villus ?
Vision.
1. Explain binocular vision.
2. Describe the vitreous body, and
state the effects of the transparent media
of the eye in vision.
Vocal Cords.
1. Describe the structure of the vocal
cords.
Vocal Cords— continued.
2. State the position and connexions
of the vocal cord.
3. Contrast the vocal cords as to struc-
ture, form, and use.
Voice.
1. Describe the mechanism of the
voice.
2. How is the voice produced and mo-
dulated ?
3. What are the different arrange-
ments in the organ of voice for producing
sounds of different pitch ?
Weight.
1. Give the average weight of the
following organs in the adult : brain,
liver, lungs, kidney.
Wrist -Joint.
1. Describe the articular surfaces of
the wrist-joint.
2. Enumerate in the order in which
they occur the bones, cartilages, liga-
ments, tendons, nerves, and bloodvessels
in immediate or close relation with it.
3. What movements take place at the
wrist- joint, and by what muscles are they
effected ?
4. Describe the structure, attach-
ments, and uses of the anterior annular
ligament of the wrist-joint.
5. Enumerate the parts passing
under it, and mention their relative
position.
II.
BOTANY.
Achene.
1. Define the term achene.
Aconitum Napellus.
1. Describe aconitum napellus : (l)root,
(2) leaves, (3) inflorescence, (4) calyx,
(5) corolla.
Acrogens.
1. Describe the structure of the axis of
acrogens, and give British examples of
these plants.
Estivation.
1. What is meant by aestivation ?
2. What are the principal kinds of
sestivation in plants ? and illustrate each
by an example.
Albumen.
1. Name some officinal seeds whose
albumen is endowed with poisonous pro-
perties.
Algae.
1. What are the principal distinctive
characters of algae ?
2. What analogy is there between the
reproductive organs of mosses and those
of algse ?
3. Mention the three forms of fecunda-
tion met with in the algoe.
Amentaceae.
1. What are the characters of the
natural order amentaceae, in its widest
BOTANY.
33
Amentaceae — continued.
sense, and of its principal subdivi-
sions ?
Anther.
Is What is the normal structure of
the anther, and what are the chief devia-
tions from it ?
2. Describe the anther of grasses,
sedges, heath.
3. Trace the development of an an-
ther, from its first appearance up to
maturity.
Arillus.
1. State the nature of arillus and of
arilloda.
2. Describe the difference between a
true and false arillus, stating examples.
Asclepiadaceae.
1. Describe the stamens of asclepia-
dacea?, and the whorls of the flower of
asclepiadaceae.
2. Explain the nature of the pollen
masses in the asclepiadaceae.
Axis.
1. What are the distinctive characters
of the ascending and descending axes of
plants ?
Bean.
1. Trace the development of a com-
mon bean from its embryo state to the
perfecting of its seed.
Berry.
1. Define the term berry.
Bracts.
1 . Mention some of the chief varieties
of bracts.
Branches.
1. What happens to plants in autumn,
with definite and indefinite branches,
respectively ?
Bnd.
1. Give a full account of the structure
of a bud.
Bulb.
1. Define the term bulb.
2. Illustrate by a drug.
3. State the differences between a
corm and a bulb.
4. Describe the bulb of a lily ; onion.
Calyx.
1. What is meant by an inferior and
superior calyx ?
Cambium.
1. Describe cambium ; state the place
it occupies, and the office it performs.
Campanularia.
1. Give the general characters of
campanularia, and a sketch of their re-
production and development.
Capsule.
1. Define the term capsule.
Carex.
1. Describe the genus carex.
2. Describe the male and female
flowers of a carex.
Cell.
1. What are the chief kinds of cell
formation ?
2. Enumerate the different kinds of
cells met with in vegetable tissues.
3. Give examples of like and unlike
reproductive cells.
Chara.
1. Describe the vegetative and repro-
ductive organs of the genus chara.
Chlorophyll.
1. Give an account of chlorophyll.
2. What is known as to the develop-
ment of chlorophyll ?
3. Define the term chlorophyll.
4. State what you know regarding the
uses to plants of chlorophyll.
Circulation.
1. Explain the circulation of fluids in
plants.
2. Give an account of the causes and
course of the circulation of the sap in
plants.
Compositae.
1. Give the essential characters of the
natural order compositae.
2. What are the different modifica-
tions of the style and stigma in com-
posite.
3. What officinal plants belong to the
natural order compositae ?
4. Enumerate the medicinal plants
contained in the compositae.
Confervae.
1. Describe the usual mode of fertili-
sation and reproduction in confervae.
Coniferae.
1. Describe the organs of reproduction
in the natural order of coniferae.
2. Give the essential characters of the
natural order coniferae.
3. Give a brief sketch of the distribu-
tion of the principal genera of coni-
ferae.
4. Mention the chief forms of fruit
met with in the coniferae.
Crops.
1. What is the nature of the rotation
of crops ?
2. What are the physiological grounds
on which it is founded ?
3. What class of crops best succeed
one another in this way ?
34 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Cruciferae.
1. What genera of cruciferae have the
fruit a lomentum ?
2. Mention some of the most useful of
the cruciferae.
3. Describe the various modifications
of the fruit in the order cruciferae.
4. State the characteristics of the
natural order cruciferae.
Cryptogams.
1. What are the essential distinctive
characters of cryptogams ?
2. What do their reproductive organs
consist of ?
3. What are the orders of the class
cryptogams, and what are their cha-
racters ?
Cucurbitaceae.
1. Give the general structure of the
family cucurbitaceae.
2. Describe the pollen grains in cucur-
bitaceae.
Cycas.
1. Describe the fructification in cycas.
2. What is the morphology of the
fruit in cycas ?
Cyme.
1. Describe the two forms of uniparous
cyme.
2. Define cyme.
Cyperaceae.
1. Give the natural character of
grasses and cyperaceae.
2. Point out where they agree and
differ.
Dehiscence.
1. What forms of dehiscence are met
with in the fruit of datura, ricinus,
viola ?
2. Describe six different modes of de-
hiscence in anthers, and give an example
in each.
Drupe.
1. Define the term "drupe."
2. Give an example.
Emhryogeny.
1. Give an account of the embryogeny
of conifers.
Endogens.
1. What are the essential distinctive
characters of endogens ?
2. Describe the structure of the trunk
of endogens.
Endosmose.
1. Define endosmose.
Equisetum.
1. Describe the vegetative and repro-
ductive organs of the genus equise-
tum.
Evergreens.
1, Explain distinctly the nature of
evergreens.
Exhalation.
1. Describe the function of exhalation.
Exogens.
1. What are the essential distinctive
characters of exogens ?
2. Describe the structure of the axis
of exogens.
3. Describe the albumen of exogens.
4. Enumerate the differences between
exogens and endogens in stems, leaves,
bark, seeds, embryos.
Exosmose.
1. Define exosmose.
Ferns.
1. Describe the vegetative and repro-
ductive organs of ferns.
2. Trace the development of any com-
mon fern from the spore.
3. Explain what is meant by alterna-
tion of generation in ferns.
4. What are the essential characters
of ferns ?
5. Contrast the product of a moss
spore with that of a fern spore.
Filices.
1. Describe the organs of reproduction
in the natural order filices.
Floras.
1. Contrast the carboniferous and
miocene floras of Britain.
2. Describe briefly the miocene floras of
Britain, and state its geographical range
elsewhere.
3. Describe the triassic floras of Bri-
tain.
Flower.
1. Describe the different parts of a
flower, in their order, beginning from the
outside.
2. What is a flower ?
3. Name the two outer whorls of the
flower, and state what principle regulates
the relative position of the individual
part of one whorl to those of the other.
4. Describe the flower of a dicotyle-
donous plant.
5. Why are certain flowers called in-
ferior and others superior ?
Follicle.
1. Define the term "follicle."
Fruit.
1. Give an account of the classifica-
tion of fruit.
2. What is a compound fruit ?
3. Give a definition of a fruit.
4. Describe seven kinds of fruit found
BOTANY.
35
Fruit — continued.
in the natural order rosaceae, and give
an example of each of them.
5. Mention the chief varieties of fruit,
with examples from the pharmacopoeia
and from edible fruits.
6. What is the form of the fruit of
aconite, belladonna, coffee, ipecacuanha,
poppy, senna, thorn apple ?
Fungi.
1. What are the principal distinctive
characters of fungi, and of its subdivi-
sions ?
2. Describe the phenomena of conju-
gation in fungi.
3. State what is meant by the myce-
lium of a fungus, and describe its struc-
ture.
Gentianaceae.
1. What are the characteristics of the
gentianaceae ?
Geographical.
1. What are the geographical and
climatic conditions which regulate the
area of cultivation of the maize, olive,
potato, vine, wheat ?
2. What is the area of geographical
distribution of betulaceae, coniferae, dip-
terocarpae, ericaceae, proteaceas, or-
chideae ?
Germination.
1. Describe the germination of a grass
seed and of a bean seed.
2. Describe the phenomena of germi-
nation in dicotyledons, a grain of
barley.
3. Describe the process of germination
in exogens and endogens, and in a fern
spore.
4. What are the conditions essential
to the germination of seeds ?
Gossypium.
1. To what order does the genus gossy-
pium belong ?
Gramineae.
1. Give the essential characters of the
natural order gramineae.
2. What are the principal gramineae
cultivated as cereals and for fod-
der?
3. Give the area of the distribution of
each in cultivation.
Gutta Percha.
1. What are the chemical and physical
properties of gutta percha ?
Hair.
1 . What is the hair of a plant ?
2. What are its functions and its
principal modifications ?
Hermaphrodite.
1. What is the order of development
of the floral organs of a complete herma-
phrodite flower ?
Hybrids.
1 What are hybrids ?
Inflorescence.
1. What is an inflorescence ?
2. Describe the forms of inflores-
cence called : (1) amentum, (2) raceme,
(3) umbel, (4) cyme.
3. Explain the inflorescence of a daisy,
Scotch fir, hop, poplar, common arum.
4. Describe the different kinds of in-
florescence in plants.
5. Describe carefully the structure of
the inflorescence in compositae.
Leaf.
1. What is the cause of the fall of the
leaf?
2. Describe the structure, function,
and junction of a leaf.
3. Distinguish between simple and
compound leaves.
4. Account for the progress of water
imbibed by the extremity of the root
fibres through a tree into its leaves.
5. On what principle do you explain
alternate and opposite positions of leaves ?
Legume.
1. Define the term " legume."
2. Give the characters and properties
of legumin.
Leguminosae.
1. Give the characters of the three
sub-orders of the natural order legu-
minosae.
2. Mention the most important useful
products yielded by that order, giving
in each case the name of the plant, the
use of the product, and the part used.
3. Contrast the characters of legu-
minosas and rosaceae, giving their main
points of agreement and difference.
4. Mention some of the more impor-
tant medicinal plants belonging to the
leguminosas.
5. Describe in detail the fruit met
with in the leguminosae.
Liber.
1. What is liber ?
2. In what part of the plant does it
occur ?
3. Where is liber situated in exogens
and endogens respectively ?
1. What are its characters and econo-
mical applications ?
5. From what natural orders do our
manufactures derive thegreatest supply?
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Lichens.
1. What are the principal distinctive
characters of the reproductive organs in
lichens 1
Magnoliaceae.
_ 1. What is the geographical distribu-
tion of the magnoliacese ?
Marchantia.
_ 1. Give the vegetation and reproduc-
tion of marchantia.
Milky Juice.
1. What families of plants yield a
milky juice ?
2. In what families may the juice be
expected to be innocuous, and in what
cases poisonous ?
Monocotyledons.
1. Give the characteristics of the three
sub-classes of the monocotyledons.
Moss.
1. Describe the development of a moss,
from the spore to the maturity of the
theca.
2. Describe the mode of reproduction
met with in a moss.
3. Give the life-history of a moss.
Musci.
1. Give the essential characters of the
natural order musci.
Mushroom.
1. Describe the parts of the common
mushroom, agaricus campestris.
Natural Orders.
1. Give the natural orders of the
following plants : artichoke, bamboo,
carrot, frogsmouth, indigo, lettuce, maize,
jute, rice, tamarind, papyrus, quince.
2. Give the essential characters of the
olio wing natural orders : cruciferas,
iridaceae, labiatee, ranunculaceas, com-
posite, liliaceae.
3. Give the natural orders, the botani-
cal names and native countries of : mint,
rue, squill.
4. Describe the natural orders of
plants, and their essential distinctive
characters.
Orchideae.
1. Give the prominent characters of
the natural order orchideae.
Orchis.
1. Describe the morphology of the
flower of an orchis.
Ovule.
1. What is an ovule, and when is it
said to be straight ?
2. Describe the formation and struc-
ture of the ovule.
3. Describe in detail an anatropous ovule.
Ovule — continued.
4. Give the different parts of the
vegetable ovule and seed.
5. Explain the development of the
vegetable ovule.
Papaveraceae.
1. Give a diagnosis of the family
papaveraceae.
2. What are its principal products?
Parasitic.
1. What British genera of flowering
plants are parasitic? and give an example
of each.
Peduncle.
1. What is meant by a peduncle ?
Petioles.
1. Mention some of the more remark-
able varieties of petioles.
Phaenogams.
1. Give an account of the process of
impregnation in phaenogams.
2. Describe the processes of root forma-
tion and development in phaenogamous
plants.
Phanerogams.
1 . Describe the phenomena of move-
ment in phanerogams.
2. Describe the process of fertilisation
in phanerogams, up to the complete
embryo.
Phyllodes.
1. What are phyllodes, structurally
and homologically ?
Phyllotaxis.
1. What are the principles of phyllo-
taxis ? and give two instances differing
numerically.
Pitchers.
1. In what natural order of plants do
pitchers, or allied organs, occur ?
Placentation.
1. Give an account of the different
kinds of placentation in plants, and name
examples illustrating its principal modi-
fications.
2. In what order does free central pla-
centation exist ?
Plants.
1. What are the proximate principles
of plants ?
2. Mention the various ways in which
the propagation of plants is effected.
3. From what plants do you get arrow-
root, sago, tapioca ?
4. What provisions are made in order
to prevent the pollen of water plants
being injured by moisture ?
5. Describe the process of respiration
in plants, and how it is effected.
BOTANY.
37
Plants — continued.
<$. What parts of the plant are em-
ployed for the production of almonds,
chicory, flax.
Pollen.
1. What is the structure of pollen
grains ?
2. What is its function, and how per-
formed ?
3. In what part of the plant is the
pollen grain developed?
4. Describe the pollen grains of a daisy.
5. Describe pollen, its usual forms,
coverings, and tubes.
Prickles.
1. What are prickles, and how do they
differ from the spines of branches and of
leaves respectively ?
Eadix.
1. Define the term "radix."
2. Illustrate by a drug in common use.
Eannnculaceae.
1. What is the geographical distribu-
tion of the ranunculaceae ?
2. Give the genera of medical import-
ance.
3. Give the essential characters of
ranunculaceae and rosaceae.
4. Point out in what respects they
agree and in what they differ.
5. Define the natural order of ranun-
culaceae.
Pvaphides.
1. What are raphides, structurally and
chemically ?
2. In what orders are they prevalent ?
Reproductive,Process.
1. How does the reproductive process
differ in phaenogamous and cryptogamous
plants ?
2. What is the reproductive process in
phaenogamous plants ?
Rhizome.
1. What is rhizome ?
2. Give examples.
3. Illustrate by a drug.
Root.
1. Explain the structure of an ordi-
nary root.
2. Describe its different forms.
3. What difference exists between the
root of a monocotyledon and dicotyledon?
4. State what are the functions of the
root in plants.
5. Describe the following roots : aco-
nite, calumba, gentian.
Eubiacese.
1. Give the characters of the natural
order of rubiaceae.
Rubiaceae — continued.
2. Give the drugs derived from rubi-
aceae.
Saliq.ua.
1. Define the term saliqua.
Seaweeds.
1. Mention the seaweeds which charac-
terize the zones of marine vegetation in
Britain.
Seed.
1. Define the structure of the seed of
an exogen and of an endogen.
2. Describe fully the seed of the cocoa-
nut, and its mode of germination.
3. Define the term " seed."
Silex.
1. State the different forms under
which silex occurs in the tissue of plants.
Spatha.
1. Define the term " spatha."
Spike.
1. Describe a spike, and enumerate its
different well-marked varieties.
Spikelet.
1. Describe a spikelet of barley, of
wheat, of rye-grass.
Spiral.
1. Describe spiral vessels, and punc-
tated wood tissue.
Stamen.
1. Define a stamen, its parts, and
contents.
2. State the relations in position of
stamens to divisions of perianth.
3. Describe the hypogynous insertion
of a stamen, giving an example.
Stem.
1. Enumerate the different parts
which enter into the structure of the
stem of a dicotyledonous and endogenous
plant respectively.
2. Compare the structure of the stem
in an oak, a cedar, a palm, and a tree
fern.
3. What are the chief modifications of
the stem ?
4. Name the characters by which roots
are distinguished from stems.
5. Enumerate and describe the princi-
pal forms of underground stems.
Stomata.
1. Describe the structure and func-
tions of the stomata in plants.
2. Describe the microscopical appear-
ance of a stoma.
Tendrils.
1. What are tendrils ?
2. Explain their use and the pheno-
mena connected with their movements.
38 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Tissue.
1. Enumerate some of the more re-
markable forms of cellular tissue.
2. Give the principal forms of vascular
tissue, with the characteristic features of
each variety.
3. Enumerate the different systems of
tissues.
4. Mention the plants, and parts of
plants, where they are respectively found.
Tuber.
1. Define the term tuber.
2. Illustrate by a drug.
Umbelliferae.
1. What is the geographical distribu-
tion of the umbelliferae ?
2. Describe the general character of
the umbelliferae, and give six examples.
3. Describe the fruit of the umbelli-
ferse.
4. Enumerate the drugs derived from
the umbelliferae.
5. Distinguish between the fruit of
conium maculatum and the fruits of the
other umbelliferae.
Urticeae.
1. Describe the fruit met with in the
urticeae.
Valve.
1. Define the term valve.
Vegetable.
1. What part in the vegetable economy
is played by carbonic acid ?
2. What are the classes of the vegetable
kingdom, and their characters, according
to the natural arrangement ?
Vernation.
1. What are the principal kinds of
vernation in plants ?
2. Give examples of each.
Violaceae.
1. Give the geographical distribution
of violaceae.
2. Name the drugs derived from the
violaceae.
Wheat.
1. Of what organs does a grain of
wheat consist ?
III.
HYGIENE.
Acclimatisation.
1. What amount of truth is there in
the doctrine of acclimatisation ?
Accoutrements.
1. Describe the accoutrements of the
infantry soldier of the line, and discuss
their effects on health.
2. What ill-effects can reasonably be
traced to dress and accoutrements in
soldiers at all times, more particularly
when they are made to undergo much
fatigue in hot weather ?
Air.
1. State the best means of ascertaining
that the proper standard of the purity of
air is maintained.
2. State precisely how, and to what
extent, air is vitiated by respiration and
cutaneous transpiration.
3. What are the methods of examining
air for impurities ?
4. What proportion of carbonic acid
renders air poisonous ?
5. What quantity of air is required by
a healthy male adult per hour, and how
can this be best supplied ?
Alimentary Substances.
1. Mention the principal heads under
which alimentary substances may be
arranged.
2. Give one or more instances of ali-
mentary substances belonging to each
group.
Alkali Works.
1. What is the object aimed at by the
Alkali Works Acts ?
2. What noxious vapour is produced by
the alkali works, and how may its escape
into the air be prevented ?
Armies.
1. Give the causes which produce
typhus in armies ; its symptoms, general
and special indications in the treatment,
and best modes of prevention.
2. Give the causes which produce
phthisis in armies.
Barometer.
1. Explain the construction and action
of the aneroid barometer.
2. Prove the formula upon which the
measurement of heights by an aneroid
barometer depends.
HYGIENE.
39
Barometer — continued.
3. Mention its relative advantages
and defects as compared with a mercurial
barometer.
i. Upon what principle is the mer-
curial barometer constructed ? and explain
its action.
5. What is the standard height of the
barometer generally accepted by meteoro-
logists, and what its amount ?
Barracks.
1. Give a general sketch of the con-
struction of barracks in the United
Kingdom, as now fixed by regulation,
and state how the ventilation is pro-
vided for.
2. What are the general principles to
be attended to in the choice and pre-
paration of sites for barracks ?
3. What duties do the Medical Regu-
lations impose on medical officers of
regiments in respect of inspection of bar-
racks ?
4. Give an account of the present
system of ventilating barracks on home
service.
5. How would you examine the condi-
tion of a barrack which was reported to
furnish a larger percentage of sickness
among the men than adjacent barracks ?
Beer.
1. How would you determine the total
fixed and volatile acidity of beer ; the
amount of alcohol ; of solids ; the adul-
terations of beer ?
2. How would you detect the presence
of picric acid in beer ?
Bread.
1. A piece of bread is suspected to
contain sulphate of copper ; how would
you test bread for this impurity ?
2. What are the methods which you
would employ for the detection of alum
introduced into bread ?
3. Classify the proximate constituents
of a piece of bread under the two heads
of nutritious and non-nutritious.
Camp.
1. A camp being supplied with water
from a single source, either a spring or a
small stream, what rules should be laid
down with respect to the distribution of
the water for man and animals, and for
preventing any contamination ?
2. What are the chief sanitary duties
to be carried out in a camp ?
3. What diseases at home or in the
tropics are likely to rise from foul
camps ?
Camp — continued.
4. Under what conditions are typhus
and typhoid fever generated in camps ?
5. If necessary to filter water, how can
it best be done with such common
appliances as are available in camps ?
Climate.
1. Give a brief statement of the best
known effects of a hot climate on natives
of a temperate region.
2. What are supposed to be the physio-
logical influences of climate, and what
part do these influences play in the pro-
duction of disease?
Cubic Space.
1. What are the regulations as regards
cubic space and floor, per head, at home
and abroad.
Cysticeicus.
1. What are the appearances to the
naked eye, and under the microscope, of
the cysticeicus, in pork or beef.
Death Rate.
1. What is the relation of density of
population to death-rate ?
2. What is meant by the expression
"death-rate"?
3. Show why the death-rate fails in
establishing the salubrity or insalubrity
of a district.
4. Let there be 120 deaths in one week
in a population of 260,000 ; find the
death-rate.
5. State the mode of calculating the
death-rate of any town or district.
Decomposition.
1. What are the products of the de-
composition of animal and vegetable sub-
stances respectively ?
2. In what way do they affect the
health of persons exposed to them ?
Deodorising Substances.
1. What are the most important deo-
dorising substances, and how are they
obtained ?
2. What plan would you recommend
for deodorising an offensive drain ?
Dew Point.
1. What is meant by the dew point ?
2. How is the dew point learnt from
the readings of the dry and wet bulb
thermometers ?
3. How is it determined ?
4. What is saturation and thedewpoint?
Diarrhoeal Cases.
1. What would you do if there oc-
curred a number of diarrhoeal cases ?
2. What would be the most probable
causes of such an outbreak ?
40 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Diet.
1. What nutritive principles should be
represented in a scheme of diet ?
Disease.
1. Give examples of the geographical
distribution of disease.
2. What is meant by epidemic and
endemic disease ?
3. Give examples.
4. Has any relation been observed
between the occurrence of epiphytic, epi-
zootic, and epidemical disease ?
Disinfectants.
1. What are the principal disinfect-
ants of air and sewage, how are they pre-
pared, and in what cases are they the best?
2. In what do disinfectants and anti-
septics differ from each other ?
3. What are the two methods in use
for disinfecting clothes ?
4. Give directions for disinfecting a
room which has been occupied by scar-
latinous patients.
5. What are the advantages in the
disinfection of an apartment by sulphu-
rous acid ?
Drainage.
1. Give a brief account of the different
ways in which drainage affects the tem-
perature of the soil.
2. State the arguments in favour of
large and small pipes respectively for
house drainage.
3. Describe the construction of a sys-
tem of house drainage such as you would
approve of, stating the materials of each
pipe and the mode of jointing the pipes.
4. Sketch a trap, or system of traps, by
which a bouse can be thoroughly isolated
from the town drainage.
Dwelling.
1. What is the definition of a dwelling ?
Dysenteric Cases.
1. What would you do if there occurred
a number of dysenteric cases ?
2. Give the causes of dysenteric cases.
Earth-Closet.
1. State the conditions requisite for
the efficient carrying out of the earth-
closet system.
Epidemics.
1. What are the epidemics which are
observed to co-exist in tropical climates?
2. Is there any relation between their
respective mortalities ?
Excreta.
1. What have been the plans employed
for the removal of the excreta in the
stations in which you have served ?
Excreta — continued.
2. What are the best arrangements
for the removal of excreta from barracks
in hot climates ?
3. Discuss these plans, and compare
them with any others of which you have
read.
4. Enter at length into the question of
the removal of the liquid and solid ex-
creta from dwellings.
5. What are the objections which
have been raised to the removal of ex-
creta by water, and how far are they
valid ?
Exercise.
1. What are the chief physiological
effects of exercise ?
2. What is the usual rule for estimating
the amount of exercise ?
3. What amount of exercise is de-
manded from the infantry soldier ?
Exertion.
1. How much exertion can a man be
called upon to undertake in a day with-
out injury to his health ?
2. How much exertion would you con-
sider a good day's work for an adult ?
3. State what would be the conditions
as to dress, accoutrements, and diet
under which you would wish a soldier
to be placed when great exertion is de-
manded from him.
4. What are the results of excessive
exertion ?
Faecal Emanations.
1. What are supposed to be the effects
on the body of faecal emanations ?
Field Hospitals.
1. What are the chief points to which
an assistant surgeon, stationed at a first
line of surgical assistance on a field of
action, should give attention when
wounded men are carried to him, before
sending them on to the field hospitals for
further aid ?
Field Service.
1. Give a sketch of the authorised ar-
rangements for the care of the sick and
wounded on field service in India.
Flour.
1. What are the chief causes of flour
becoming sour, and how would you re-
medy it, supposing that the flour must be
used for bread ?
2. Which is the most nutritious, rice
or pea flour, and upon what do their re-
lative qualities depend ?
3. Enumerate the principal adultera-
tions of wheat flour.
HYGIENE.
11
Flour — continued,
4. How would you determine the
quality and presence of maize, oats, pea
flour, in flour ?
5. Examine a specimen of flour for
ergot.
Food.
1. What should be the amount and
kind of food on active service ?
2. State the quantity of food ordinarily
requisite to maintain the human system in
vigorous action.
3. Give a classification of foods, and
cite examples of each class.
4. Give examples of diseases caused by
insufficient or unwholesome food.
Gibraltar.
1. Give a short sketch of the chief
conditions at Gibraltar which might affect
the health of the troops.
2. State briefly the chief diseases at
Gibraltar.
Habitation.
1. What are the chief points to which
you would direct your attention in ex-
amining whether the ground round and
under any habitation is likely to be in-
jurious to health ?
Heart Diseases.
1. What are the reasons for believing
that heart diseases are more prevalent
among soldiers than among civilians of
the same age, and what are the causes
which have been assigned to account for
this prevalence ?
Highway.
1. What is a highway ?
Home.
1 . What are the special circumstances
in the life of a soldier at home which are
unfavourable to health ?
2. Enumerate the chief diseases
causing admission into hospital at
home.
3. What are the most common causes
of mortality at home, and the present
death-rate of the army serving at home ?
4. What do you conceive to be the
principal causes of these diseases ?
5. What suggestions can you make
with a view to their removal ?
Hospital.
1. Why is it supposed that pavilion,
or separate block buildings, are better
adapted for a large hospital than a great
single building ?
2. What are the conditions required
to keep a hospital in a healthy state ?
3. Under what circumstances may per-
Hospital — continued.
sons be compulsorily removed to a hos-
pital ?
4. What is the official plan for venti-
lating hospitals in the United King-
dom?
5. What objects are sought to be
obtained from this system ?
House.
1. In what cases can the owner be
compelled to supply a house with pure
water ?
2. What are the chief requisites for a
healthy house ?
3. In house - fittings, enumerate the
several places where ventilating pipes
are required.
4. In modern houses which are plenti-
fully provided with water-pipes and cis-
terns, and also with foul-water and soil-
pipes communicating with underground
drains, what precautions are necessary :
(1) to preserve the purity of the drinking-
water : (2) to keep the air in the foul-
water and soil-pipes as free as possible
from impurity, and to prevent it from
getting into the house ?
5. What are the regulations in the
Public Health Act respecting common
lodging-houses 1
Hut.
1. What are the causes of the un-
healthiness of a wooden hut ?
Hygrometer.
1. Describe the dry and wet bulb
hygrometer.
2. Describe the kinds of hygrometer
in common use.
3. Explain the principle on which the
action of Daniell's hygrometer depends.
4. How does Regnault's differ from it ?
India.
1. Give a general statement of the
sickness and mortality of the soldier in
India ; and state esjiecially what steps
you would take in anticipation of, or
during, an attack of cholera.
2. What are the chief points connected
with the climate of India which appear
to be of importance as influencing Euro-
peans ?
3. What are the chief diseases of
Europeans in India ?
4. How may the chief diseases of
Europeans in India be prevented ?
5. What are the death rates and causes
of death in Europeans serving in India ;
and to what causes is the diminution in
the mortality of late years owing ?
3
42 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Inspection.
1. What are the chief points of im-
portance to be attended to in the in-
spection of bread, fresh beef, flour, pork,
tents ?
Jamaica.
1. What has been the medical history
of the white troops serving in Jamaica ?
2. State briefly the chief diseases at
Jamaica.
3. Supposing the diseases which for-
merly caused mortality to return, what
preventive measures would you adopt ?
Labour.
1. What amount of labour is under-
gone by the soldier in time of peace ?
2. How would you estimate this if you
were required to give a numerical expres-
sion for it ?
3. How does the labour performed on
a march of twenty miles with and with-
out weights compare with the labour of
a common mechanical trade ?
Lime-Juice.
1. Determination of acidity in a speci-
men of lime-juice.
2. How would you determine the
purity and strength of a sample of lime-
juice ?
March.
1. What is the usual length and rapi-
dity of a march for infantry soldiers ?
2. How is a soldier to be kept healthy
on the march ?
3. What are the precautions to be
taken in supplying water to troops on
the line of march ?
4. What are the chief diseases to be
apprehended on a long march from foul
water, unhealthy encampments, exposure
to weather or sun, over marching, and
under feeding ?
Marches.
1. What are the usual sanitary pre-
cautions to be adopted at home or abroad
during marches extending over several
days ?
2. What diseases occurring during
marches have been supposed to be attri-
butable to bad water ?
3. In the case of an army taking the
field in Europe, what would you recom-
mend in respect of food and clothing,
and what are the chief points to be
attended to in marches and encamp-
ments ?
4. What are forced marches ?
Mauritius.
1. What are the chief diseases which
Mauritius — continued.
at present cause mortality in the Mauri-
tius ?
2. What are the chief rules of pre-
vention ?
Mediterranean Stations.
1. What are the chief diseases causing
men to go into hospital in the Mediter-
ranean stations ?
Meteorological Instruments.
1. What are the meteorological instru-
ments used in the A. M.D. ?— and explain
the mode of using them.
Milk.
1. What are the adulterations of milk?
2. State how you would estimate
caseine in milk.
3. Determine the percentage of lactin
in milk.
4. State the changes which take place
when milk turns acid.
5. How is caseine extracted from milk 1
Mortality.
1. State what are the most common
causes producing mortality in the Euro-
pean troops serving in the (1) Bengal;
(2) Madras Presidency.
2. Discuss the etiology of these dis-
eases ; and state what should be the pre-
ventive measures ?
3. What are the chief causes of mor-
tality among children under five years
of age ?
4. If called upon to draw up a tabular
form to represent the health and mor-
tality of a district, how would you pro-
ceed ?
5. In which quinquennial period of
life does the greatest mortality prevail ?
Noxious Gases.
1. What are the noxious gases which
prevail in badly ventilated localities ;
and their effects on health ?
Nuisances.
1. What is the difference between
common and private nuisances ?
2. State the principal common nui-
sances.
3. Describe some of the nuisances
which are prohibited under penalties.
4. Enumerate the various matters de-
fined as nuisances in the Public Health
Act, 1875.
Overcrowding.
1. Define overcrowding.
2. What are the effects on health of
the overcrowding of dwelling-houses ?
Quarantine Kegulatious.
1. Mention the leading points in the
HYGIENE.
43
Quarantine Kegulations — continued.
quarantine regulations now in force in
Great Britain.
.Recruit.
1. Describe the systematic inspection
of a recruit, and the purpose of each step
of the examination.
2. How is the British army recruited ?
3. Give the best account you can of
the system of recruiting in the British
army.
4. Give the leading principles to be
observed in the medical examination of
recruits ; and the mode of conducting
the examination as taught in the army
medical school.
Sanitary Conditions.
1. State what you consider to be good
and bad sanitary conditions for a body of
troops.
Sanitary Precautions.
1. What are the usual sanitary pre
cautions adopted when cases of (1
cholera ; (2) dysentery; (3) enteric fever ;
(4) scarlet fever, occur in a barrack?
Sewage.
1. State the various means of remov
bag sewage from dwellings, and utilis-
ing it.
2. In the disposal of water sewage,
what are meant by the terms precipita-
tion, intermittent filtration, irrigation ?
3. What are the opinions now gene
rally held as to the respective merits
of clarifying sewage by precipitating
chemical agents, or by the application to
land?
4. Explain the mode of analysing a
sample of sewage guano.
5. Under what circumstances would
you recommend the dry system of dis-
posal of sewage, in preference to irriga-
tion ? °
Sewer.
1. What are the requisites of a good
sewer ?
2. What are the effects of the inhala-
tion of sewer air ?
3. What are the means of obviating
the escape of sewer gases from gullies
(1) as applied to the gullies ; (2) as ap-
plied to the sewers ? ■
4. What are the causes of the influx of
sewer gases into inhabited houses ?
5. What are the sewer gases, and how
would you estimate the amount of
each ?
Sewerage.
1. What are the diseases which have
Sewerage — continued.
been supposed to be connected with im-
perfect sewerage of houses ?
2. If you are called upon to examine
whether the ventilation and the sewerage
arrangements of a house are sufficient, to
what points would you direct your at-
tention ?
Soil.
1. What effects have soil and con-
figuration of ground on health ?
2. What are the conditions of soil
which have been supposed to be favour-
able to the development or prevalence of
phthisis, typhoid fever, and cholera ?
3. What diseases are favoured by a
moist condition of the soil ?
4. What are the conditions of soil sup-
posed to have been instrumental in
causing the late outbreak of fever at the
Mauritius ?
5. Gi ve a short account of soils, of
what they are composed, their agricul-
tural varieties, and their relations to
vegetation.
Syphon trap.
1. Explain the action of a syphon trap
in a branch drain.
Thermometrical Observations
1. What are the thermometrical ob-
servations of most importance ?
Trichina.
1. What are the appearances to the
naked eye and under the microscope of
trichina in pork or beef ?
Troops.
1. What effect has the measured tread
of troops marching across a suspension
bridge ?
2. What articles are carried in the
field panniers supplied to medical officers
in charge of troops proceeding on active
service ?
Troop-ships.
1. What are the chief sanitary duties
to be attended to on board troop-ships ?
2. On board troop-ships, what cubical
space per man should be given '
Tropical Climates.
1. Explain shortly the causes which
affect the ratio of deaths to admissions in
tropical climates.
Typhoid Fever.
1. What would you do if there oc-
curred a number of admissions from
typhoid fever ?
2. How woidd you proceed to investi-
gate an outbreak of typhoid fever ?
3. What circumstances are to be in-
3—2
44 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDIO AL SCIENCES.
Typhoid Fever — continued.
quired into with a view to ascertain and
remove the cause of typhoid fever ?
Vaccination.
1. What is the machinery of vaccina-
tion at present in force in the United
Kingdom 1
2. Describe the leading provisions of
the Vaccination Act.
Ventilation.
1. What would be the best system of
ventilation for a hot inland station in
India ?
2. State the general principles of ven-
tilation, and what are the most effective
means of applying it on a very large scale.
3. What diseases are supposed to be
connected with the imperfect ventilation
of houses 1
4. What proportion of C02 may exist
in 1000 volumes of the air of an inhabited
room consistently with fairly good ven-
tilation ?
Vessel.
1. Draw up a code of regulations for
a crowded vessel necessary to preserve
health.
War.
1. What are the chief causes which
give rise to sickness and mortality in
time of war?
2. State briefly the measures you would
advise for their prevention.
3. Give an outline of the surgical duties
and of the general arrangements for the
care of the sick and wounded under or-
dinary circumstances of the troops on the
march in time of war.
4. Give concisely an account of the
articles comprising the regulated equip-
ment for British field hospitals in time
of war.
Wards.
1. Mention particularly any ordinary
circumstances which are likely to make
wards unhealthy.
Water.
1. What diseases are supposed to be
communicated through the agency of bad
water ?
Water — continw </.
2. Give some account of the substances
which may be present in drinking water,
giving tests, and stating how they affect
its quality.
3. What points would lead you to an
opinion as to the sufficiency of the sup-
ply, as to the purity of the water 1
4. Why is so much importance attri-
buted to the amount and changes in the
subsoil or ground water ?
5. Discuss some of the points connected
with this question.
Water Closets.
1. What are the defects of the ordi-
nary pan water-closets ?
Water Pipes.
1. Why should water-pipes be laid
down deeper than gas-pipes ?
Weights.
1. What are the weights of the dress,
accoutrements, and armament carried by
the British infantry soldier ?
2. What effects do ill-adjusted weights
produce on the health and efficiency of
the soldier ?
3. Give your opinion as to the mode
in which they are disposed.
4. What are the weights at home in
heavy marching order ?
West Indies.
1. What are the chief diseases which
at present cause sickness and mortality
in the West Indies ?
2. What are the chief rules of preven-
tion ?
3. What measures would you adopt if
cases of yellow fever were to appear in a
barrack in the West Indies ?
4. Contrast the diseases and the mor-
tality of the West Indies and East.
Wine.
1. Determine the total acidity of wine.
2. Detail M. Pasteur's plan for the pre-
servation of wine.
Work.
1. What are the points to be attended
to in order that the greatest amount of
work may be got out of the soldier with
the least chance of injury to him ?
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
45
IV.
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
Acid — Acetic.
1. Give the process for making glacial
acetic acid.
2. How is common vinegar produced,
and how from it can glacial acetic acid
be obtained ?
Acid — Arsenious.
1. What is the exact composition of
the ammonic nitrate of silver, and what
its reaction upon a solution of arsenious
acid?
2. What are the physiological proper-
ties and medicinal uses of arsenious acid?
3. How may arsenious acid be known
by heat simply ?
Acid — Benozic.
1. Give the composition of bensoic acid?
2. Describe the preparation of bensoic
acid.
Acid — Boracic.
1. Describe the conditions under which
boracic acid occurs in nature.
Acid — Carbolic.
1. How is carbolic acid prepared ?
2. How is it distinguished from creo-
sote?
3. What substance is produced when
carbolic acid is passed through red-hot
charcoal ?
4. What is carbolic acid ?
5. Give as complete an account as you
can of the purposes to which it is ap-
plied in modern medicine.
Acid — Citric.
1. How much citric acid is equivalent
to one fluid ounce of- fresh lemon juice ?
_ 2. Distinguish between a solution of
citric acid and tartaric acidby lime-water.
3. How is the solution of citric acid
used in the navy as an antiscorbutic pre-
pared ?
4. Give the process for preparing citric
acid from lemon- juice.
Acid— Gallic.
1. Give its form, taste, solubility, the-
rapeutic action, and doses.
2. How distinguished from tannic acid
by gelatine.
3. Give the process for making gallic
acid from gall nuts.
Acid— Hydrochloric.
1. Give in the most abridged form the
formula of the bleaching salt of lime,
and explain the action of hydrochloric
acid upon it.
2. Explain also how it is applied in
the disinfection of clothes.
3. How is pure hydrochloric acid pre-
pared ?
Acid — Hydrocyanic.
1. Describe the medicinal properties,
uses, doses, and modes of administration
of hydrocyanic acid.
2. Give the process for detecting any
other acid mixed with hydrocyanic acid,
and the strength.
3. What is the mode of preparation,
and the chemical composition of acidum
hydrocyanicum dilution ?
Acid — Hydrosulphuric.
1. What is the use of hydrosulphuric
acid as a test ?
2. How is it made ?
3. How is it used ?
Acid — Nitric.
1. Give the characteristic test for
nitric acid.
2. Describe the action of nitric acid
on silver, and write in the form of an
equation what takes place.
3. Under what conditions is it formed
from atmospheric air ?
4. Write the formula of nitric acid.
5. How is nitric acid manufactured
and what action does it exert on metallic
lead?
Acid — Phosphoric.
1. How is the acid phosphoric dilute
of the B. P. made ?
2. State how you would test it for
nitric acid.
3. In what organs or tissues of plants
and animals does phosphoric acid chiefly
occur ?
Acid — Sulphuric.
1. What is the action of sulphuric acid
upon alcohol, copper, iron, silver, zinc?
2. What is the nature of the decom-
position which oxalic acid undergoes when
treated with sulphuric acid ?
46 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Acid, Sulphuric — continued.
3. Explain the preparation of sulphuric
acid and the tests for it.
4. What impurities does sulphuric
acid contain, how recognised, and how
may they be removed ?
Acid — Sulphuric Aromatic.
1. What is the chemical constitution
of aromatic sulphuric acid ?
Acid — Sulphurous.
1. Give the chief actions of sulphurous
acid on the dead and living textures.
Acid — Tartaric.
1. Describe the mode of preparing
tartaric acid, and point out the method
of detecting the adulteration of powdered
tartaric acid with cream of tartar, pow-
dered citric acid, and from oxalic
acid.
2. How much carbonate of ammonia
will it require to saturate twenty grains
of tartaric acid ?
Acids.
1. On what principles are the dilute
mineral acids prepared ?
2. State the rules which would guide
you in prescribing acids and alkalies in
dyspepsia.
Aconite.
1. Give the sensible characters of
aconite root.
2. State the dose of the tincture.
Aconitiue.
1. Mention the symptoms produced
by aconitine, and state for what purposes
it is used in medicine.
Albumen.
1. Give the test for albumen, to what
is it an antidote, and the composition.
2. What are the known morbid con-
ditions relating to albumen ?
Alcohol.
1. Write the formula for alcohol.
2. How is alcohol converted into ether
and acetic acid ?
3. What are the products of the gra-
dual oxidation of alcohol ?
4. Give the per-centage of alcohol in
(1) spiritus rectificatus ; (2) spiritus
tennior; (3) vinum xericum, with the
formation of ether and acetic acid from
alcohol.
5. Give the chemical history of alcohol,
mode of preparation, and method of test-
ing its purity.
Alcoholic Drinks.
1 . Enumerate the roots and grains from
which alcoholic drinks are distilled, and
their effects on the system.
Alcoholic Drinks— continued.
2. State briefly the results of chronic
alcoholic intoxication.
Aldehydes.
1. Give the general characters of the
aldehydes.
2. How would you distinguish a ketone
from an aldehyde ?
3. What relation has chloral to ald-
ehyde ?
Alkalies.
1. What are the chief mineral alkalies
employed in medicine ?
2. Give the therapeutic action of alka-
lies.
3. Notice the chief pharmacopceial
preparations, and state briefly for what
diseases they are used.
Alkaloids.
1. Give the names and formulae of
some of the more important natural
alkaloids.
2. Enumerate the official alkaloids and
their several preparations.
3. State whence they are derived, what
are their physiological and medicinal
properties, and what the doses of the
pharmacopceial preparations.
Almond.
1. Why has bruised bitter almond no
odour till it is moistened ?
Aloes.
1. What kinds of aloes are there, how
distinguished from one another, and
where do they come from 1
2. Give the therapeutic action of aloes.
3. How much aloes is in a fluid ounce
of compound decoction of aloes, and why
are acids incompatible with that prepara-
tion ?
Alterative.
1. What do you understand by an
alterative medicine ?
Alum.
1. How would you prepare a specimen
of chrome alum ?
2. Explain the formation of alum from
alum shale.
Alumina.
1. Mention some common substances
containing alumina, and state with what
it is combined in them.
Ammonia.
1. How many kinds of ammonia are
there ?
2. What are the chemical and physical
characters of ammonia ?
3. What are the principal sources from
which it is obtained ?
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
47
Ammonia — continued.
4. Write the composition of ammonia,
how prepared, and tests.
5. How may the composition of am-
monia be proved ?
Anaesthetic.
1. Enumerate the so-called anaesthe-
tic agents, and state which you consider
to be most worthy of confidence.
2. Contrast as to their respective
anaesthetic effects chloroform with ether.
Angustura Bark.
1. Prom what source do we obtain
angustura bark ?
2. What are its therapeutical uses ?
3. How distinguished from the bark
with which it has been confounded ?
Anhydrous.
1. Are all dry substances anhydrous,
and are all anhydrous substances dry ?
2. Give illustrations with your ex-
planation.
Antacids.
1. Enumerate the preparations em-
ployed both as direct and remote
antacids.
Anthelmintics.
1. Enumerate the principal vegetable
anthelmintics, giving in each case the
scientific name, physiological effects,
natural order, native country, and part
of the plant used.
Antimony.
1. State generally the physiological
and therapeutical actions of antimony.
Anti-Periodic.
1. State the sources, preparations, and
doses of the anti-periodic febrifuges.
Anti-Scorbutic.
1. Name the anti-scorbutic plants.
Apyretics.
1. What are apyretics ?
2. Name those used externally and
internally
Argentic.
1. How can you distinguish argentic
chloride from argentic cyanide ?
Arrowroot.
1. How is arrowroot prepared ?
Arsenic.
1. What are the indications furnished
by the eyes, and by the tongue, of the
physiological action of arsenic ?
2. What i3 the chief source of metallic
arsenic ?
3. Describe the preparations of arsenic,
and the average doses.
4. ^ State briefly the physiological pro-
perties of arsenic.
Arsenic — continued.
5. In what affections is arsenic used
as an external application?
Astringents.
1. Enumerate the chief astringents ;
and state in what diseases the vegetable
astringents are used.
2. Describe the action of astringent
medicines.
3. State the cases for which certain of
them are more appropriate than others.
Atmosphere.
1. What is the composition of the
atmosphere ?
2. How is organic matter in the atmo-
sphere detected ?
3. How would you estimate the daily
variations in the quantity of ozone pre-
sent in the atmosphere ?
4. Why do the density and tempera-
ture of the atmosphere diminish in
ascending mountains ?
5. What is the effect on climate of
aqueous vapour in the atmosphere ?
Atmospheric.
1. Give an account of what is meant
by atmospheric denudation.
2. Describe a simple experiment which
proves that atmospheric air is not an
element.
Atomic Weight.
1. What is meant by the atomic weig
of an element ?
2. How is specific heat related to
atomic weight ?
3. State the two methods of finding
atomic weight.
Atropia.
1. Mention the physiological action,
therapeutical applications, mode of em-
ployment, and doses of atropia.
Base.
1. What is meant by a base ?
2. Give two examples.
Basicity.
1. What is meant by the basicity of
an acid?
2. How would you proceed with a view
to determine the basicity of an acid ?
Belladonna.
1. How would you proceed to ascer-
tain the presence of the active principle
of belladonna in the urine ?
2. How, by external characters, may
the substitution of dulcamara leaves for
belladonna leaves be discovered ?
Bismuth.
1. How is the subnitrate of bismuth
prepared ?
48 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Bismuth — continued.
2. What are the officinal compounds
and preparations of bismuth ? give their
doses and general therapeutics.
Bleaching-Powder.
1. What is bleaching-powder ?
2. How is it prepared ?
3. What reactions takes place in the
process ?
Bones.
1. Fossil bones include phosphate, car-
bonate, and fluoride of calcium ; how is
their analysis effected ?
Bromide.
1. How is bromide of potassium made ?
2. How is it tested for bromate of
potassium, and for iodide of potassium ?
3. For what purposes used internally ?
Bromine.
1. What are the chief pharmacopoeial
preparations of bromine ?
2. What are their doses ?
3. How are they presumed to act ?
4. In what diseases are they most
commonly employed?
5. State the method by which you
would prepare bromine.
Calabar Bean.
1 . Give an account of the physiological
action of Calabar bean.
Calomel.
1. How is calomel formed from sul-
phate of mercury ?
2. In what disease, and dose, may
calomel be used as a soothing sedative 1
3. By what means may calomel be
distinguished from other white powders ?
Calumba.
1. Give the scientific name, order of
the plant, physical appearances of the
officinal portion, and physiological effects.
2. Name the pharmacopoeial prepara-
tions of calumba ; and state the dose of
each suited for an adult.
Camphor.
1. What is camphor; name, and
natural order ?
2. What does it enter into ?
3. What soluble in Vr
4. How is it obtained ?
5. Give the chemical and therapeutic
uses.
Candle.
1. What products are formed by the
combustion of a common candle in air ?
2. Contrast the phenomena with those
observed when the same candle burns in
oxygen, and explain the differences in
the two cases.
W THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Cantharides.
1. Describe the ordinary action of can-
tharides on the urine; and occasional
inconveniences through absorption by
the skin.
Carbon.
1. What is carbon ?
2. Enumerate the principal forms of
carbon, giving their physical characters.
3. Give the names and formulae of the
oxides of carbon; and two methods of
preparing each.
4. In what forms does carbon occur in
nature ; free, and in combination with
other elements ?
5. Determine the temperature pro-
duced when carbon is burned in air.
Carbonate of Ammonia.
1. Give its sensible properties.
2. Action on it of water.
3. Of exposure to the air.
4. Give an officinal preparation in
which carbonate of ammonia is present.
Catechu.
1. From what plants are the different
sorts of catechu obtained ?
Caustics.
1. Name the principal officinal caustics.
2. Give the chemical composition of
the leading caustics ; and the purposes
for which they are commonly employed.
Cevadilla.
1. From what source is cevadilla
obtained ?
2. Give the characters of the officinal
portion of the plant, therapeutical effects,
dose, and mode of administration.
Chalybeate Water.
1. Describe the varieties of chalybeate
water; diseases principally treated by it ;
any precautions necessary.
Charcoal.
1. How are animal and vegetable
charcoal obtained ?
2. How are animal and vegetable char-
coal distinguished by a single test ?
3. What gases can be formed by the
combustion of pure charcoal in air ?
4. To what is due the usefulness of
animal charcoal as a filter ?
5. Give its chemical action as a disin-
fectant.
Chemical.
1. Give the general characters of
chemical affinity.
2. Enumerate the three laws of chemi-
cal combination ; giving illustrations of
each.
3. State the chemical composition of :
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY,
49
Chemical — continued.
bread, blood, chyle, diamond, meat,
nervous matter, gypsum, quartz.
4. Explain the relations between phy-
sical properties and chemical constitution.
5. Describe the results of the following
experiments in chemical equations^ (1)
pouring oil of vitriol over iron sulphide ;
(2) pouring oil of vitriol over chalk ; (3)
pouring oil of vitriol over marble and
nitric acid.
Chemistry.
1. What is the object and extent of
chemistry ?
Chloral.
1. Describe the preparation, and ex-
plain the constitution of chloral.
2. What are the chief indications and
counter indications for its employment ?
Chlorine.
1. What are the characters of chlorine ?
2. How is chlorine prepared from com-
mon salt ?
3. To whom is the discovery of chlorine
due ?
4. How does this element occur in
nature ?
5. Describe its principal physical and
chemical properties.
Chloroform.
1. Write the formula for chloroform.
2. How do you prepare it ?
3. Give the properties, medicinal
effects, principal uses, and impurities
of chloroform.
4. As regards ether and chloroform as
anaesthetics, which is the speedier, and
which is the safer of the two in action ?
5. Mention the specific gravity of
chloroform.
Cinchona Bark.
1. Explain the effects of polarisation
upon the principal alkaloids found in
cinchona bark.
2. Enumerate the chief pharmaceutical
preparations derived from cinchona bark.
3. Describe the pharmaceutical barks,
and their constituents ; giving their phy-
siological effects and uses.
4. Eromwhat species of bark is yellow
bark obtained ?
5. What are the four leading alkaloids
in the barks ; and their relative energies ?
Citrate of Iron and Quinine.
1. Explain the pharmacopoeial tests
for the citrate of iron and quinine.
Coal.
1 . What is coal geologically and phy-
sically ?
Coal — continued.
2. What are the principal products of
its distillation ?
3. How would you determine the per-
centage of sulphur contained in coal ?
4. In what states of combination does
sulphur exist in coal ?
5. How are seams of coal formed ;
and of what materials ?
Colchicum.
1. Describe the parts of the plant from
which each preparation of colchicum is
made.
2. State the relative value of the pre-
parations.
Colocynthidis.
1. What is the most important differ-
ence in the composition of extractum
colocynthidis compositum, and pilula
colocynthidis composita ?
Conium.
1. What does conium enter into ?
2. Describe the conium plant.
3. What are the indications by which
we know that conium is beginning to
produce its physiological effects ?
4. Which preparation of conium is
most deserving of confidence ; and in
what dose should it be given ?
Convolvulacese.
1. Enumerate the plants of the order
convolvulacese used in medicine.
Copaiba.
1. State the modes of administering
balsam of copaiba ; and prescribe it in
the form of an emulsion.
Copper.
1. Give the name and composition of
the two carbonates of copper.
2 . Give the formula of copper pyrites,
and jits crystalline system. State also
how its analysis is made.
3. Describe the preparation and medi-
cinal properties of sulphate of copper.
Corrosive Sublimate.
1. How is corrosive sublimate made ;
antidotes, and formula for ?
2. What are the effects of corrosive
sublimate, used as a remedy, outwardly
and inwardly ?
Cream of Tartar.
1. How is cream of tartar obtained ;
and the formula for it ?
Creasote.
1. Prescribe a mixture containing cre-
asote, with directions for its internal use.
Croton Oil.
1. What is the usual dose of croton oil ?
2. What is an unsafe dose ?
50 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Cyanogen.
1. What is cyanogen ?
2. Under what circumstances has it
destroyed human life ?
3. Enumerate the compounds of cyano-
gen, which are well known as poisons,
and their mode of operation on the system.
Dew.
1. Account for the formation of dew.
2. Heavy dews are more frequent after
hot days than after cool ones ; why is this?
_ 3. What is the theory of the produc-
tion of hoar frost, fog ?
4. What are the laws which regulate
the deposition of dew ?
Dialysis.
1. Explain the process of dialysis, and
its applications.
Diaphoresis.
1. Name the various means by which
diaphoresis is produced.
Digitalis.
1. From what part of what plant are
the tincture and infusion of digitalis
derived ?
2. Describe the action of digitalis on
the cardiac muscle and nerves.
3. State its uses in medicine.
4. Give the doses in which it is admin-
istered.
Diuretics.
1. Enumerate the principal vegetable
diuretics ; give the plants, their parts,
natural orders, native countries, and in
what particular diseases are they given ?
2. What are diuretics ?
3. In what species of dropsy are
diuretics most successful, and in what
are they apt to fail ?
4. Enumerate the principal diuretic
medicines ; give the pharmacopoeial pre-
parations, with their composition, and
state the doses which you would give.
5. What diuretics act more especially
by influencing the renal circulation ?
Doses.
1. What are the doses of corrosive sub-
limate, liquor arsenicalis, for an adult ?
2. State the physiological phenomena
which may follow comparatively small
doses of quinine, potass, iodid., pot. bro-
midum, chloral, mercury.
Drugs.
1. What are the common impurities
of the following drugs — quinine, senna,
rhubarb ?
2. What drugs do we obtain from roots,
and what from underground stems ?
3. Mention those drugs which are most
Drugs — continued.
readily absorbed through the unbroken
cuticle.
4. Enumerate those drugs which
stimulate, and those which depress the
action of the heart.
5. Mention the various drugs which
produce eruption on the skin, and de-
scribe the forms of eruption produced.
Elaterium.
1. Give the nature, composition, action,
dose, and mode of administration of
elaterium.
Electricity.
1. Classify the following substances
with respect to electricity : sulphur, pow-
dered glass, ice, marble, zinc, nitric acid.
2. How is it that a hollow cylinder of
metal is as effectual for the purpose of
collecting electricity as a solid mass of
the same size ?
3. Explain carefully the way in which
a Leyden jar accumulates a charge of
electricity.
4. What experiment shows the great
velocity of electricity?
5. State the therapeutic uses of elec-
tricity.
Emetics.
1. Give the doses, indications for their
use, and part of plant yielding the fol-
lowing emetics — ipecacuanha, mustard.
2. What are the chief mineral and
vegetable emetics ?
3. When are emetics useful ?
4. Which would you choose, and why ?
5. When is their use contra-indicated ?
Epispastics.
1. Define epispastics.
2. Enumerate the drugs in the class.
Ergot.
1. State the sensible and chemical pro-
perties by which powder of ergot may be
distinguished from all other powders.
2. State the pharmaceutic forms and
doses of ergot, and their actions when
taken medicinally.
3. Explain the pharmacopoeial process
for obtaining extractum ergotse liqui-
dum.
Eruption.
1. In what respect does the eruption
produced by croton oil and tartar emetic
differ ?
Escharotics.
1. Define escharotics.
2. Name at least three.
Euphorbiacese.
1. Name the three articles in the Phar-
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
51
Euphorbiacse — continued.
macopcoia which belong to the natural
order euphorbiaceffl.
2. Give their medicinal properties and
uses, and the names and doses of their
several preparations.
Expectorants.
1 . What do you mean by expectorants ?
Fermentation.
1. Describe the nature of acetous and
vinous fermentation.
2. Describe the process of brewing
and the theory of fermentation.
3. Explain the phenomenon of alco-
holic fermentation.
Ferri Sulphas.
1. What is the mode of preparation
and the chemical composition of ferri
sulphas ?
Ferrocyanide of Potassium.
1. How is ferrocyanide of potassium
prepared ?
2. What is its composition ?
Fluorescence.
1. Describe the principal phenomena
of fluorescence.
Formulas.
1. Give the formulas for albumen,
borax, cream of tartar, ethyl-alcohol,
gelatine, heavy spar, lactic acid, nitre,
orpiment, tartar emetic, white precipi-
tate.
Galvanism.
1. Mention the different formsof gal-
vanism used in medicine, and their mode
of application.
Gas.
1. What is the composition of the
common gas used for lighting ?
2. How is chloride of ammonia made
from gas liquor 1
3. Describe generally the processes
employed for obtaining ammoniacal alts
from gas liquor.
4. What are the products of the com-
bustion of defiant gas in air ?
5. How is olefiant gas prepared ?
Ginger.
1. Give the scientific name and order
of ginger.
Glass.
1. Give some account of the composi-
tion, manufacture, and properties of the
most important kinds of glass.
2. Describe the methods you would
employ for the quantitative analysis of
a sample of flint glass.
3. Describe and explain the operation
of etching on glass by means of fluor spar.
Gluten.
1 . What are the properties and charac-
ters of gluten ?
2. Determine the amount of gluten
weighed wet.
Glycerine.
1. What is the source of glycerine ?
2. Why is it so called ?
3. What are its characters ?
4. Give its uses in medicine.
5. How is it prepared from olive oil ?
Glycogen.
1. What is glycogen ?
2. Where is it,found?
3. Give the tests by which it is re-
cognised.
Glycol.
1. Describe glycol, and explain its
preparation from ethylene.
Gold.
1 . Describe the chief characters of gold.
2. What acids are the best solvents of
gold ?
Grey Powder.
1. Describe the preparation, charac-
ters, and tests of grey powder.
Gum.
1. Define gum, and distinguish from
each other gum, gum resin, and resin.
2. Give examples of each, and say of
what orders of plants each is characteristic.
Gun-Cotton.
1. How is gun-cotton prepared ?
2. What is its composition ?
Haemostatics.
1. Name the drugs and preparations
which are employed externally and in-
ternally as hasmostatics.
Heat.
1. What is meant by the latent, speci-
fic, sensible, and radiant heat of a body ?
2. What is the action of heat on ace-
tate of ammonia, cellulose, nitrate of
potash, oxalate of lime, sulphate of zinc?
3. Mention some substances which
radiate heat badly, and conduct it well.
4. By what means may the specific
heat of bodies be determined ?
5. What is meant by a unit of heat ?
Hemlock.
1. State the officinal parts of hemlock,
and the preparations derived from them.
2. Give an account of the physiologi-
cal effects of hemlock.
3. Estimate the probable value of each
preparation.
Homologous Series.
1. Define the term homologous series,
and give examples.
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Hydrogen.
1. How do you make hydrogen ?
2. How can hydrogen be obtained
from water ?
3. How is peroxide of hydrogen pre-
pared ?
4. State the process which is most ef-
fective in destroying sulphide of hydro-
gen when present in the air of an apart-
ment.
Hypodermic Injection.
1. Describe the process of hypodermic
injection, and the principal medicines
used.
2. What are the diseases in which the
hypodermic injection of morphia is most
useful ?
3. What are the inconveniences and
dangers to be guarded against in the use
of this remedy ?
4. What is the strength of the solu-
tion you would employ ?
5. Mention the apparatus employed,
and the mode of using it.
Hypophosphites.
1. How are hypophosphites of lime
and soda prepared ?
2. Mention their doses and therapeu-
tic uses.
India-Kubber.
1. What are the chemical and physi-
cal properties of india-rubber ?
Indigo.
1. Explain the constitution which is
ascribed to indigo blue.
Infusum.
1. Give the use, composition, and
dose of infusum gentianse composi-
tum.
Inhalation.
1. Mention the various agents em-
ployed to produce anaesthesia, and then-
mode of administration.
Iodides.
1. Describe the officinal iodides, how
prepared, their distinctive characters,
therapeutic uses, and doses.
Iodine.
1. For what purposes is iodine, and
its salts, used in medicine 1
2. What are the chief pharmacopceial
preparations ?
3. From what source is iodine ob-
tained ?
4. What is iodine ?
5. How is it prepared upon the large
scale.
Iodism.
1. Describe the symptoms of iodism.
Ipecacuanha.
1. What is ipecacuanha ?
2. What are the active principles ?
3. Where is it found ?
4. What is the therapeutic use of ipe-
cacuanha in tropical medicine ?
5. State the three principal actions of
ipecacuanha, with their doses.
Iron.
1. In what form does iron ore chiefly
occur in Britain ?
2. What preparations of iron are men-
tioned in the British Pharmacopoeia.
3. Which a protosalt and which a
persalt of iron ?
4. State the empirical formula for the
strength of hollow pillars of cast-iron.
5. Mention generally the composition
of a clay iron-stone, and give the methods
of estimating the amount of each of its
constituents.
Isinglass.
1. How is gelatine distinguished from
isinglass ?
Kamela.
1. What is kamela ?
2. Give its characters, therapeutic ac-
tion, dose, and mode of administration.
Labiate.
1. Enumerate the medicinal plants
contained in the labiate.
2. State the characteristics of the
natural order labiate.
Lead.
1. What are the salts of lead used in
pharmacy ?
2. Discuss the conditions under which
the use of lead in cisterns and water-pipes
is dangerous.
3. Describe the various modes by which
lead may find its way into the system,
with the appropriate treatment in each
case.
4. State the symptoms it gives rise to.
5. How is the metal purified for use
in the arts ?
Leaf.
1. How may the leaf of (1) belladonna;
(2) foxglove ; (3) hemlock, be distin-
guished, each by sensible and chemical
characters, from other leaves which re-
semble them ?
Lime.
1. What are the differences between
limestone, quicklime, and slaked lime ?
2. How is lime-water prepared ?
3. What are its uses ?
4. How would you readily detect lime
in lime-water ?
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
53
Lime— con tinwd.
5. How much lime is in one fluid ounce
of aqua calcis ?
Linimentum.
1. Give the use and composition of
linimentum iodi.
Liquor Ammoniee.
1. What is the Pharmacopoeial pro-
cess for making liquor ammonia acetatis ?
2. Give the chemical history and phar-
maceutical use of liquor amnionice ace-
tatis.
3. By what synonym is liquor ammo-
nise acetatis known ?
4. What are its physiological effects
and doses for an adult ?
5. State the method of preparing liquor
ammoniae.
Liquor Arsenicalis.
1. Give the chemical history, mode of
preparation, and pharmaceutical use of
liquor arsenicalis.
Liquor Morphise.
1. For what purposes, and in what
doses, would you employ liquor morphise
acetatis ?
2. Give the chemical history, mode of
preparation, pharmaceutical use of liquor
morphise hydrochloratis.
Liquor Potassse.
1. How is liquor potassse prepared.
2. State the dose of liquor potassse.
Liquor Sodse.
1. Describe and explain the process
for making the liquor sodse chloratse.
Liquorice.
1 . In what form is liquorice obtained ?
Lobelia Inflata.
1. Give the natural order, place of
growth of lobelia inflata, its therapeuti-
cal action, and doses of its preparations.
2. What do you consider to be a
poisonous dose of lobelia inflata ?
Magnesium,
1. In what state is magnesium found
in nature ?
Manganese.
1 . Give a sketch of the medicinal pro-
perties, uses, and doses of the preparations
of manganese.
2. Describe the manganese ores.
Medicines.
1. What are the chief medicines which
can be employed through the agency of
the skin or subcutaneous tissue, either
by simple application, friction, or subcu-
taneous injection ?
2. What effects are produced in each
case ?
Melanthaceae.
1. Describe the medicinal substances
derived from the natural order of melan-
thacese.
Methylamine.
1. How is methylamine obtained?
Mineral Waters.
1. Classify mineral waters according
to their compositions.
Mixtures.
1. Give the use, composition, and dose
of the following mixtures : mistura
guaiaci, mistura ferri composita, mistura
cretse.
Molecule.
1. What ismeant by the term molecule?
Molecular Weight.
1. Explain what is meant by the term
molecular weight.
2. What is the law which connects
density with molecular weight ?
Morphia.
1. Give a process for the preparation
of the hydrochlorate of morphia ; its
form, taste, solubility, and physiological
action.
2. What are the tests for the detection
of meconate of morphia ?
3. State the principal differences be-
tween the action of opium and morphia.
4. Enumerate the preparations of
morphia.
Mustard.
1. What is the active principle of
mustard, and how is it formed ?
2. Mention the preparations and uses
of mustard.
Narcotic.
1. What do you mean by a narcotic ?
2. Enumerate the three principal
narcotics.
3. Mention the best narcotic to be
used under the following circumstances :
(1) Sleeplessness from overwork; (2)
delirium tremens ; (3) delirium of typhus ;
(4) acute mania.
4. What are the differences between
the action of the sedatives, the narcotics,
and the refrigerants ?
Nauseants.
1. In what diseases would you give
nauseants ?
2. State the action and dose of each.
Nervine Tonics.
1. Mention the remedies which are
commonly described as nervine tonics ;
state in what cases you would use them
and the doses in which they may be
given.
54 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Nervine Tonics— continued.
2. What do you understand by a ner-
vine tonic ?
Nitrates.
1. What nitrates occur in nature?
2. Explain the formation of nitrates
in the soil.
Nitre.
1. What is the poisonous dose for an
adult of nitre ?
2. Mention the symptoms, the chief
appearances on dissection, and the tests.
3. Describe the chemical changes
which take place during the formation
of nitre.
Nitrite.
1. Discuss the different therapeutic
uses of nitrite of amyl,' and what symp-
toms are produced by the inhalation of
nitrite of amyl.
Nitrogen.
1. How may nitrogen be obtained ?
2. Mention its physical properties,
specific gravity, combining weight, and
density.
3. How may it be made to combine
with oxygen and hydrogen ?
4. Enumerate its compounds with
these respectively.
5. What proportion of nitrogen renders
air unfit for respiration ?
Nutmeg.
1. Give the scientific name and order
of nutmeg.
Oil. 8
1. Define oil, and distinguish fixed,
volatile, irritant, vegetable, and animal,
with the orders, organs, and tissues of
plants where prevalent.
2. How is cod-liver oil obtained?
3. Give the chemical history of oil and
describe the varieties known in commerce.
4. Write what you know about castor oil.
5. How is fusel oil to be detected in
rectified spirit ?
Opium.
1. Erom what plant is opium derived ?
2. State its different kinds and coun-
tries.
3. State the relative quantity of opium
in confectio opii, emplastrum opii, ex-
tractum opii liquidum.
4. Contrast the diseases in which the
administration of opium is beneficial,
with those in which its employment is
either doubtful or contra-indicated.
5. State the effects of a full dose of
opium severally on the sweat, urine, bile,
and mucous secretions.
ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Overdose.
1. State the effects produced byan over-
dose of belladonna, digitalis, colchicum,
iodide of potassium, sulphate of quinine
Oxide.
1 . What is nitrous oxide ?
2. How is it prepared '!
3. Describe its principal uses.
4. How may it be distinguished from
oxygen ?
5. What precautions should be used
in preparing it for inhalation ?
Oxidising.
1. What is an oxidising agent?
2. Give three examples, and an illus-
tration of the action of each.
Oxygen.
^ 1. State the compounds of oxygen with
bismuth, zinc, iron.
2. How much potassic chlorate is requir-
ed to generate 1,000 cubic inches of oxygen?
3. Compare the properties of oxygen
and ozone.
4. With what substances besides
oxygen does hydrogen combine ?
5. What body is formed when sulphur
is burnt in oxygen ?
Ozone.
1. State what is known of the nature
of ozone.
2. How is its presence in the atmo-
sphere detected ?
3. How may it be obtained, and what
are its characters ?
4. What evils are supposed to result
from its excess or deficiency ?
5. How is the ozone modified by alti-
tude or humidity ?
Paraffines.
1. What is the general formula of the
paraffines ?
Pareira.
1. To what source is pareira referred
in the British Pharmacopoeia ?
2. What are its physical characters,
physiological effects, therapeutic uses,
and pharmacopoeial preparations ?
3. State their doses.
Pharmaceutical.
1. What pharmaceutical preparations
are more especially liable to become
damaged by exposure to light and to air ?
Pharmacopoeial.
1. Mention the more important phar-
macopoeial preparations of arsenic, bark,
colchicum, digitalis, hyoscyamus, Indian
hemp, magnesia.
2. State their therapeutic uses, and
average doses.
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
55
Phosphorus.
1. Where found in animals and plants ?
2. Give in symbols the decompositions
by which phosphorus is prepared from
bone ash.
3. Which variety of phosphorus is
poisonous ?
4. What quantity sufficient to kill an
adult ?
5. Name a natural disease which phos-
phorus poisoning has been supposed to
resemble.
Pilula.
1. Give the use, composition, and dose
of pilula hydrargyri sub-chloridi compo-
sita, pilula colocynthidis composita, pilula
galbani composita.
2. What is the difference in the com-
position of pilula aloes barbadensis, and
aloes socotrina ?
Podophyllin.
1. Give the nature, source, and thera-
peutic action of the substance called
podophyllin.
2. Why is hydrochloric acid used in
preparing podophyllin ?
3. State the dose and mode of adminis-
tration.
Toisons.
• 1. Enumerate the principal vegetable
poisons.
2. Give the name and natural order of
the plant yielding them.
3. State the part of the plant in which
the poison occurs.
Potash.
1. What is the formula of the acid
tartrate of potash ?
2. What is the action of permanganate
of potash on organic substances ; and
what are the therapeutic applications
founded on it ?
Prescriptions.
1. Write a prescription in full for a
child of seven years at the outset of
scarlet fever ?
2. Write a prescription for an adult in
the first stage of acute pneumonia.
3. Write in full a prescription for a
draught containing turpentine and opium
for a woman affected with tympanitis
after delivery.
4. Prescribe an acidulated drink, such
as might be given in a case of typhoid
fever.
5. Write out in full a prescription for
an adult requiring a diuretic mixture.
Pulvis.
1. What is the composition, proportion
Pulvis — continued.
of the more important ingredient in, and
dose of : Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus
Opii, Pulvis Ipecac. Co., Pulvis Ipecac.
0 Scilla, Pulvis Khei Co., Pulvis Kino Co.,
Pulvis Jalapae Co., Pulvis Glycyrrhizas
Co. 1
Purgatives.
1. State the names, natural orders,
doses, and native countries of the princi-
pal pharmacopoeial purgatives.
2. How are purgatives classified ?
3. Give a good example of each class,
mentioning its dose.
Quinine.
1. How procured, adulterations, how
detected, when used, the best substitutes
for it.
2. Mention the physiological effects of
a drachm dose of quinine, and to what
natural order does the plant which yields
quinine belong ?
3. Of what country is it a native,
where is it cultivated, how is it prepared,
doses in tropical medicine as a remedy
for intermittent, and as a prophylactic
against it ?
4. How may a salt of quinine in solu-
tion be distinguished from all similar
salts ?
5. Have any bad effects been recorded
as following the subcutaneous injection
of quinine ?
Refrigerant.
1. State what you mean by a refri-
gerant.
Rhubarb.
1. Whence is rhubarb obtained ?
2. Describe the preparations in the
British Pharmacopoeia, and their uses.
3. Contrast Russian with English
rhubarb.
Roborants.
1. State in what respects the organic
roborants agree with the inorganic ; and
what are the points of difference between
them.
Rosaceae.
1. What are the characters of the
natural order rosaceae ?
2. How distinguishable by a floral
character ?
Rubefacients.
1. Define rubefacients.
2. Enumerate the principal
3. Explain their action and purposes.
Salicine.
1. To what class of bodies does salicine
belong ?
56 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Salt.
1. Enumerate the chief sources, and the
principal chemical and physical proper-
ties of common salt.
2. What are its most important uses
in chemistry and the arts ?
3. What substances are manufactured
from common salt ?
4. Describe the different kinds of
metallic salts ; and give the class to
which each of the following salts belong :
potassse carbonas, potassas bicarbonas,
potassae chloras.
5. Describe the therapeutical action
of the following salts : cupri sulphas,
potassii iodidum.
Sal Ammoniac.
1. What is sal ammoniac, and how is
it prepared ?
Santoninum.
1. What is the therapeutic action of
santoninum ?
2. Prescribe it in the form of an enema
for a child three years old.
3. What are its physical properties
and doses ?
Scammony.
1. How is scammony distinguished
from aloes ?
2. State the composition of scammony,
and its active ingredient.
3. State the usual adulteration of
scammony, and how to detect it.
4. How much scammony is in sixty
grains of confectio scammonii ?
Silica.
1. Give a short description of the
varieties of silica.
2. Give a system of classification of
the silicates, with examples.
Silver.
1. What are the constituents of or-
dinary German silver, and how is its
analysis effected?
2. Describe the method for the extrac-
tion of silver from reduced lead.
Soda.
1. How is the volumetric solution of
soda prepared, and what is it used
for?
2. Explain in symbols the pharmaco-
poeial process for preparing valerianate
of soda.
Soap.
1. Describe the manufacture of soap,
and explain the chemical changes involved.
2. Give the composition of the three
kinds of soap in the Pharmacopoeia, and
state their uses.
Soap — continued.
3. Explain, in a general way, how the
thickness of a soap film can be determined
from its colour.
4. To what class of bodies do soaps
belong ?
Solaneee.
1. Give the botanical characters of the
natural order of solaneae.
2. Enumerate the medicinal plants
contained in the solanese, and the drugs
yielded by the order.
3. What are their several physiological
and therapeutical properties ?
Specific Gravity.
1. Define specific gravity.
2. Give the specific gravity of water,
nitric acid, alcohol.
3. How is it ascertained in solids,
liquids, and gases ?
4. Enumerate the six metals having
the highest specific gravity.
Squill.
1. What is the officinal name and
natural order of squill ?
Stalactites.
1 . Explain the formation of stalactites.
Starch.
1. State the chemical properties and
physical characters of stai-ch.
2. What form of starch is most com-
monly met with in vegetable tissues?
3. How can starch be converted into
dextrine and grape sugar ?
4. Describe the changes which starch
undergoes in the process of bread-making
and of brewing.
Stearine.
1. Give the characters and properties
of stearine.
Steel.
1. Where, and how, was cast-steel first
made ?
Strychnia.
1. What is strychnia ?
2. Give the symptoms indicative of its
action on the system.
3. Under what circumstances used in
medicine ?
4. What officinal preparations contain
strychnia, and what are their doses ?
5. What are the tests of strychnia, and
how should they be applied ?
Succi.
1. Give the general methods of pre-
paration of the succi.
2. Mention the officinal succi.
Sublimation.
1. What is meant by sublimation ?
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY.
57
Sublimation — continued.
2. Mention as many substances as you
can which are readily subject to it.
Sugar.
1. What plants yield sugar, and where
are they cultivated?
2. Define the term sugar.
3. State what you know of the dif-
ferent kinds of sugar.
4. How is sugar prepared ?
5. Give the composition of cane, grape,
and diabetic sugar.
Sulphur.
1. Under what conditions does sulphur
occur in nature ?
2. Describe fully the action of heat
upon sulphur.
Syrupus.
1. State the effects, uses, and doses of
syrupus ferri iodidi, syrupus ferri phos-
phatis.
Tannin.
1. What is the constitution of tannin,
and how has it been established ?
Temperature.
1. Explain what is meant by tempera-
ture.
Terebinthaceae.
1. Enumerate the genera contained in
the natural order of terebinthaceae; which
yield medicinal plants.
2. Give the exact composition of con-
fectio terebinthins, and mention the
quantity of oil of turpentine in each fluid
ounce.
Thermometer.
1. Explain the principle and construc-
tion of the thermometer.
2. Describe the different kinds of
thermometer used, stating the countries
which adopt each.
3. What information do you obtain by
the observation of the wet and dry bulb
thermometer ?
4. How can observations made with
any one of them be converted into the
other scales ?
5. What aid does the thermometer
afford us in diagnosis ?
Tincture.
la How may tincture of guaiac be dis-
tinguished from all other tinctures by a
single chemical test?
2. Name at least three tinctures which
become turbid when mixed with water.
3. What menstrua are employed in
the preparation of the tinctures of the
British Pharmacopoeia?
4. Give the composition, doses, and
Tincture — continued.
uses of the following tinctures : Tinctura
cubebas, tinctura benzoini co.
5. What is the composition of tinctura
cinch, co. ?
Tobacco.
1. What effect has tobacco been ob-
served to produce on the heart's action ?
2. What are the injurious effects which
are said to arise from the prolonged abuse
of tobacco ?
Turpentine.
1. How is oil of turpentine obtained ?
2. Describe its chief uses in medicine.
3. What are the physical properties of
turpentine ?
TJnguentum.
1. Give the use and composition of
unguentum gallae cum opio.
Uric Acid.
1. Explain the formation of alloxan
from uric acid.
2. How is pure uric acid prepared ?
3. Give the treatment, medicinal and
dietetic, of uric acid gravel.
Urinary Concretions.
1. Enumerate the constituents' of
urinary concretions.
2. Give general hygienic directions
for the use of patients suffering from
urinary concretions.
Valerian.
1. What are the principal uses, chief
preparations, and average doses of
valerian ?
Veratria.
1. Give an account of the preparation
of veratria, explaining the various steps
of the process ; mention its characters
and uses as a remedy.
Vinum.
1. For what purposes, in what doses,
would you employ vinum antimoniale ?
2. How many grains of antimonium
tartaratum are in one fluid ounce of
vinum antimoniale.
Voltameter.
1. Describe Faraday's voltameter, and
explain its use.
Water.
1. How do you make distilled water?
2. How would you detect chlorides,
sulphates, NE„ Pb. and As. in a
sample of water ?
3. What is meant by weighing a body
in water ?
4. What steps would you take in
making a preliminary examination of
drinking water, for sanitary purposes ?
4
58 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Wax.
1. What is the composition of wax ?
White Powders.
1. Make a list which shall contain the
names of all the white powders mentioned
in the British Pharmacopoeia.
2. How would you at once determine
which it was ?
Yeast.
1. What is yeast ?
2. Give its uses in making bread.
)N THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Yeast — continued.
3. How is a yeast poultice prepared ?
4. State its action upon sutrar
Zinc. b '
1. What are the principal ores of
zinc?
2. How can pure zinc be prepared ?
3. What is the composition of zinc
blende ?
4. ^ What impurities are usually found
in zinc as it occurs in commerce 1
V.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Abortion.
1. Enumerate the means commonly
employed to induce abortion criminally,
and the mode by which their desired
effect is usually caused.
2. At what period of pregnancy are
attempts to procure abortion most com-
monly made, and why ?
3. What appearance would you expect
to find in a living woman who had re-
cently been the subject of a criminal
abortion ?
Acid — Arsenious.
1. Describe briefly the minimum dose
of arsenious acid which would give rise
to fatal poisoning, and its mode or modes
of action.
2. What are the acute symptoms it
would produce during life, the best
methods proposed for counteracting its
injurious effects, the morbid appearances
it would leave on the dead body, the
chemical tests for the poison in its pure
state, and in combination with animal
matters in or out of the body ?
Acid — Carbolic.
1. Describe the symptoms and morbid
appearances in poisoning by carbolic acid.
2. Mention the treatment which you
would adopt in such a case.
3. In what form and under what cir-
cumstances has it generally been taken
as a poison ?
Acid — Oxalic.
1. Contrast the symptoms during life
of acute poisoning by oxalic acid and
bichloride of mercury.
Acid— Oxalic — continued.
2. Describe the distinctive characters
of oxalic acid, and the means of detecting
it in the stomach and tissues.
3. What is the treatment of poisoning
by oxalic acid ?
Acid — Sulphuric .
1. Give the symptoms of poisoning
with sulphuric acid, post-mortem appear-
ances, treatment, and tests for it on clothes.
2. What evidence is there for the as-
s ertion that sulphuric acid is dibasic ?
Aconite.
1. State the symptoms of poisoning by
aconite in nervous system, in vascular
system, in digestive system.
2. How would you treat such a case ?
Almonds.
1. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment of poisoning by the essential oil of
bitter almonds.
Arsenic.
1. What are the symptoms which might
lead to a suspicion that a person was un-
dergoing slow or chronic poisoning with
arsenic ? — and give the treatment.
2. What investigations would you un-
dertake in order to enable you to make a
correct diagnosis ?
3. Give the tests for finding the pre-
sence of arsenic in an organic liquid.
4. What precautions would you under-
take to prevent the furtheradministration
of the poison ?
5. Give a simple test for the detection
of arsenic in the wall paper pigment
called emerald green.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
59
Atelectasis.
1. Describe the condition known as
atelectasis of the lung, and state its causes.
Asphyxia.
1. Enumerate the morbid appearances
on the dead body common to all forms
of asphyxia, and in addition those which
are characteristic respectively of death by
drowning, hanging, smothering, and car-
bonic oxide fumes.
2. Describe the course of the circula-
tion of the blood.
Belladonna.
1. State the symptoms of poisoning by
belladonna, and the treatment.
2. How would you proceed to ascertain
the presence of the active principle of
belladonna in the urine ?
Blood.
1. Death from effusion of blood on the
brain. A person is found on dissection
to have died from this cause. What cir-
cumstances would lead to the opinion that
the effusion was due to natural disease
and not to violence : (1) from the age of
the deceased ; (2) the condition of the
scalp ; (3) the part of the encephalon
where the blood was effused ; (4) the
state of the bloodvessels within the
head?
2. What stains may be mistaken for
those of blood ?
3. How would you determine their
nature by optical and chemical assistance?
4. Whether that of a human being or
some other animal ?
Body.
1. Determination of the period of death
from cooling of the body. State the cir-
cumstances which retard cooling : ex-
ternal to the body ; belonging to the body
itself.
Burn.
1. How would you distinguish a burn
occasioned after death from one inflicted
on the human body during life ?
Child.
1. A recently married woman is ac-
cused of having already had a child.
What is the evidence by which you would
determine this question ?
2. In cases of suspected infanticide,
how far are the condition of the bladder
and rectum to be relied on as evidence of
the child having lived after birth ?
3. Why does the fact of the child
being proved to have breathed not neces-
sarily show that it was born alive '
4. What are the changes which take
Child — continued.
place in the vascular system of a child
which survives birth for some weeks 1
Contusion.
1. How would you distinguish a con-
tusion occasioned after death from a
contusion inflicted on the human body
during life ?
Copper.
1. Give the treatment for poisoning
by salts of copper.
2. How would you examine the con-
tents of a stomach supposed to contain
copper ?
3. Keinsch's test applied to the con-
tents of the stomach gives a precipitate
upon the copper, which may be either
mercury, arsenic, or antimony. State
what tests you would use to make a dif-
ferential diagnosis of it.
4. Enumerate and briefly describe the
more common poisonous salts of cop-
per.
5. What are the symptoms of acute
poisoning with salts of copper ?
Corrosive Sublimate.
1. By what chemical tests would you
recognise corrosive sublimate ?
2. Describe the symptoms, treatment,
and post-mortem appearances in a case
of poisoning by corrosive sublimate.
Drowning.
1. Describe the treatment to be pur-
sued in a case of suspended animation
from drowning.
2. What are the pathological conditions
usually met with in a fatal case ?
3. State the immediate cause of death
by drowning.
4. What information in cases of drown-
ing is got from post-mortem examination
of the stomach ?
Foetus.
1. Enumerate such causes of the death
of the foetus in utero, after reaching the
viable period, as do not imply criminal
culpability.
Foramen Ovale.
1. At what period after birth is the
foramen ovale fully closed ?
Gunshot.
1. In a gunshot wound, whether is the
wound of exit or the wound of entrance
smaller ?
2. What are the characteristics of a
self-inflicted gunshot-wound ?
Hanging.
1. In cases of hanging, how may death
take place ?
4—2
60 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Hanging — continued.
2. What may be the post-mortem ap-
pearances ?
3. Whether suicidal or homicidal ?
4. Whether the body has been sus-
pended during life or after death ?
Hydrocyanic Acid.
1. How would you treat a case of
poisoning by hydrocyanic acid ?
2. What method is best adapted to
the discovery of hydrocyanic acid in the
body after poisoning by its means ?
3. Describe the symptoms and morbid
appearances of poisoning by hydrocyanic
acid.
4. Within what period do the symp-
toms usually begin ?
5. What is the duration of the fatal
illness ?
Hydrostatic Test.
1. Describe the mode of employing the
hydrostatic test.
2. What does it prove ?
3. Objections against modified hydro-
static test.
Injury.
1. What are the duties of the magis-
trate and the medical man respectively,
in reference to a person who has received
a mortal injury ?
Insanity.
1. Give the different forms of insanity,
and also give the essentials of a lunacy
certificate.
2. When called on to report as to a
person being a fit patient or otherwise for
a lunatic asylum, what points would you
fix on to distinguish betwixt eccentricity
and insanity ?
Lead.
1. State in what form lead exists in
water.
2. By what means its presence may be
detected in the tissues.
3. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment of poisoning by white lead.
4. What symptoms would a dose of
two ounces of acetate of lead be likely to
produce ?
life-Assurance.
1. A policy is wanted on the life of a
man, aged 26, whose father died of
phthisis, but who is reported to be in
good health, and to present no sign of
pulmonary disease : what special inquiries
ought to be made in order to judge of the
probability of his having or not having
inherited a tendency to consumption ?
2. What is meant by a life-curve ?
Life-Assurance — continued.
3. What are the principal points to be
regarded in examining for the purpose of
life-insurance ?
4. What is meant by a life-table ?
5. Mention some of those that are best
known.
6. What is meant by (1) expectation
of life ; (2) probable life?
Live Birth,
1. What is the signification of the ex-
pression " born alive " ?
2. How would you establish, post-
mortem, the fact of live birth ?
3. A dead infant is brought to you, and
you are requested to state whether it was
born dead or alive : how would you pro-
ceed to find out ?
Mania.
1. Mention some of the medical cha-
racteristics of homicidal mania.
Mercury,
1. How do you ascertain the presence
of mercury in the contents of the stomach ?
Mushrooms.
1. What are the chief symptoms of
poisoning by mushrooms ?
2. By what characters may edible
mushrooms be distinguished ?
Opium.
1. State the symptoms of poisoning by
opium.
2. What chemical means have you of
distinguishing the presence of opium in
the contents of the alimentary canal ?
3. Detail the post-mortem appearances
in a fatal case.
4. What other poison produces symp-
toms similar to opium ?
5. What may it be mistaken for ?
Phosphorus.
1. Describe the constitutional symp-
toms produced by phosphorus.
2. How would you examine the con-
tents of a stomach supposed to contain
phosphorus ?
3. Give the treatment of poisoning by
phosphorus.
4. What are the leading physical pro-
perties of the form of phosphorus which
is poisonous ?
5. What special difficulty does it pre-
sent in reference to determining the pro-
bable time of its administration ?
Poison.
1. In what cases is the action of one
poison known to be remediable by the
action of another ?
2. What are the circumstances by
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
61
Poison — continued.
which the influence of a poison received
into the system may be modified ?
3. Define, or describe, what you term
a poison.
4. Can you give any instance of a re-
current action of a poison ?
Pregnancy.
L Give the reliable or certain signs of
an existing pregnancy between the sixth
and seventh months, indicating the rela-
tive importance and applicability of each,
and the readiest methods for availing
ourselves of them.
Ilape.
1. What constitutes the crime when
perpetrated, (1) on an adult ; (2) on a
child ; (3) lesions to be looked for in
each case ?
2. What diseases may produce symp-
toms resembling the physical signs of
rape ?
3. Under what circumstances, irre-
spective of physical force, may rape be
perpetrated ?
4. What is the value of laceration of
the hymen as part of the proof of
rape ?
5. How are seminal stains recognised ?
Savine.
1. By what characters would you re-
cognise savine in the stomach ?
Shell-Fish.
1. Describe the symptoms produced by
the ingestion of poisonous shell-fish.
Spectral Illusions.
1. What persons are most subject to
spectral illusions ?
2. In what states of system do they
occur ?
3. By what causes are they produced ?
4. In what conditions of the organ of
vision ?
Starvation.
1 . Ho w is death produced by starvation ?
2. Describe the post-mortem appear-
ances to be expected in (1) the body
generally ; (2) the intestinal canal.
3. How would you know a child was
suffering from starvation ?
Sterility.
1. Mention the causes of sterility in the
female which are incurable.
Still Birth.
1. Mention some of the natural causes
of still birth.
Strychnia.
1. How would you proceed to test for
strychnia in the contents of a stomach ?
Strychnia — continued.
2. Compare the symptoms of poisoning
by strychnia with those of tetanus.
3. What are the symptoms and morbid
appearances of an overdose of strychnia ?
Submersion.
1. What period of submersion under
water makes recovery very improbable ?
2. Describe the course of the circula-
tion of the blood, mentioning what
changes take place in the blood in the
lungs in health, and what occurs when
the entrance of air into the lungs is pre-
vented by submersion, or any other me-
chanical cause.
Tartar Emetic.
1. Mention some of the tests of the
presence of tartar emetic in solution.
2. Describe the evidence of fatal
chronic poisoning by tartar emetic.
3. How would you ascertain if tartar
emetic contained a small quantity of
arsenic ?
4. With what morbid conditions, ca-
pable of occurrence in a state of seeming
good health, might the effects of tartar
emetic, in an excessive dose, be con-
founded ?
Uterus.
1. Give the anatomical differences
between the nulliparous and multiparous
uterus.
Vitriol.
1. State the symptoms likely to follow
thetakingof vitriol in aconcentratedform.
Wound.
1. The recent dead body of an adult
has an incised wound, deep and extensive,
but not quite horizontal, running across
the throat. Excluding from your con-
sideration all evidence except what you
can deduce from your anatomical inspec-
tion, by what will you be guided in de-
termining (1) that such wound had caused
the death ; (2) whether it was inflicted
by the deceased or by another ?
2. In an affray with poachers a game-
keeper received a gunshot wound ; he
asserted that the poacher fired at him
from a distance of five yards ; the poacher
asserted that the gun went off when the
keeper was trying to wrench it from him ;
what would be the difference in the
character of the wound, if the latter, and
not the former, statement were true ?
Zinc.
1. State the symptoms and appearances
following the taking of a large dose of
chloride of zinc.
G2 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
VI.
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
Abdomen.
1. A robust man, 45 years of age, is
suddenly seized with violent pain in the
abdomen, attended with sickness, shiver-
ing, vomiting, and tendency to collapse :
what may be the various causes of the
attack, and how would you treat such
cases? how would you distinguish each
form of affection ?
Abdominal Parietes.
1. Mention the causes which give rise
to abscess in the abdominal parietes, the
diagnosis, and treatment.
Air.
1. Give the causes leading to dilatation
and collapse of the air cells, with the
plrysical signs.
2. Describe the pathological changes
to which the air tubes are liable.
Alcoholism.
1. What symptoms would lead you
to suspect that a patient was suf-
fering from acute and chronic alcohol-
ism, and what are the indications of
treatment ?
Amyloid-Degeneration.
1. Describe the characters generally,
and the more minute alterations of tissue
in the liver, kidney, spleen, and intes-
tines, when amyloid-degeneration is pre-
sent in these parts.
2. Give the methods for determining
the site and existence of this degenera-
tion, with chemical nature of the morbid
change.
3. Give the composition of the test
solution used to determine the presence
of amyloid degeneration.
4. Give the characters of amyloid de-
generation of arteries, and the conditions
under which the change is commonly
observed.
Amyloid Liver.
1. Give the chief points of diagnosis
between cancer of the liver and amyloid
liver.
2. Compare and contrast fatty and
amyloid liver, as examined with the
naked eye, and under the microscope.
Anaemia.
1. "What do you mean by the term
"anaemia "?
Anaemia — continued.
2. Describe the state of the blood.
3. Give the condition of the various
organs, and treatment.
Anasarca.
1. What are the chief causes of
anasarca ?
Aneurism.
1. Describe the symptoms accompany-
ing aneurism at the base of the brain,
aneurism of the ascending aorta, aneurism
of the abdominal aorta, aneurism of the
arch of the aorta, and the plan of treat-
ment to be adopted in each case.
2. Give the signs, negative and posi-
tive, of aneurism of the thoracic aorta ;
the diagnostic value, and rationale of
each.
3. Give the causes which appear to
produce aneurism of the vessels among
soldiers.
4. Describe the lesions of structure
which affect the arteries, exclusive of
aneurism.
5. Give an account of the lesions in
the aorta which seem to precede and to
favour the development of thoracic
aneurism.
Angina Pectoris.
1. Describe the diagnostic symptoms,
nature, and treatment of angina pectoris.
Aortic.
1. Give the physical signs of aortic
obstruction.
2. In what would they differ from
those characteristic of mitral obstruction?
3. State what assistance to diagnosis,
if any, is given by the sphygmograph.
4. At what period in a case of patent
permanency of the aortic valves are the
characteristic phenomena, except the re-
gurgitant murmur, absent ?
5. Describe the secondary effects on
the heart, and on other organs, of incom-
petency of the aortic valve.
Aphonia.
1. Mention the diagnostic value which
may attach to the symptoms of aphonia.
Apoplexy.
1. What are the measures to be
adopted when an individual is seized
with cerebral apoplexy ?
MEDICINE AND
PATHOLOGY.
63
Apoplexy — continued.
2. What are the anatomical characters
of circumscribed pulmonary apoplexy ?
3. State the sites of the local lesions in
cerebral apoplexy.
4. Give the physical signs, and state
the causes of pulmonary apoplexy.
5. Give the different forms of apoplexy,
with their treatment.
Ascites.
1. What are the chief "causes, symp-
toms, and treatment of ascites ?
2. Mention the structures which must
be divided in the operation for ascites,
and the precautions to be observed.
3. What would be your treatment for
the ascites that might occur after cardiac
disease ?
4. What diseases may be confounded
with ascites ?
5. How would hydragogue cathartics
act to benefit the ascites ?
Asthma.
1. Give the treatment of spasmodic
asthma : during the paroxysm ; during the
intervals.
Atheroma.
1. Describe the lesion known as athe-
roma ; the sites of its occurrence, how it
is brought about, and what this lesion
tends to, or may result in.
Average Height.
1. State the average height of growing
lads at the age of 18, and of men at the
age of 25.
Beriberi.
1. Give the symptoms and causes of
beriberi.
Bile.
1. Mention the tests for distinguishing
suppression or non-elimination from ob-
struction of secreted but retained bile.
Bleeding.
1. What are the different causes of
bleeding from the lungs ?
2. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment of each kind.
3. What indications for bleeding are
to be drawn from the state of the
blood ?
Blood.
1. In what diseased states of the sys-
tem are the following changes effected in
the blood : (1) fibrin increased or dimin-
ished ; (2) red corpuscles increased or
diminished ; (3) albumen diminished in
quantity ?
2. What are the chief morbid condi-
tions of the blood ?
Blood — continued.
3. Describe the pathology as far as is
known of the more important ones.
4. Give the symptoms that denote the
entrance of purulent matter into the blood.
Bones.
1. Name the bones of the human body
which are incomplete at 18 years of age,
and state in what respect they are incom-
plete from the ages of 17 to 25.
Brain,
1. Enumerate the chief morbid changes
which may occur in the nervous substance
of the brain and cord.
2. What symptoms do they produce ?
3. Give the morbid anatomy of the
several kinds of softening of the brain,
their symptoms, and treatment.
4. What are the symptoms and morbid
appearances in inflammation of the brain
substance.
5. Describe the morbid anatomy and
clinical history of tubercular disease of
the brain.
Bright's Disease.
1. Give as complete a definition as you
can of Bright's disease.
2. Describe a case of Bright's disease
in an adult man, the causes, mode of
accession, and symptoms.
3. How could you distinguish larda-
ceous kidney from other forms of Bright's
disease ?
4. Describe the morbid conditions of
the kidney in cases of Bright's disease.
5. Give the treatment of convulsions
secondary to Bright's disease.
Bronchitis.
1. Give the signs on auscultation and
percussion in bronchitis, the causes, and
course.
2. How would you distinguish pneu-
monia from pleurisy, and from bronchitis ?
3. Write a prescription in full for a
case of bronchitis.
4. Describe the symptoms, pathology,
and treatment of capillary bronchitis.
Cachexia.
1. What are the general and special
features of the carcinomatous cachexia ?
2. Describe the condition generally
known as malarial cachexia ; its causes
lesions, symptoms, and treatment.
Caecum.
( 1. Detail the symptoms and physical
signs which may attend a tumour of the
caecum, the diseases it may be confounded
with, and their differential diagnostic
characters.
G4 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Cancer.
1. In what organs of the abdomen
does cancer most usually occur ?
2. Give a description of cancer of the
liver, as seen by the naked eye, and under
a microscope.
3. Give the symptoms during life,
duration, progress of cancer of the liver,
and diagnostic points between cancer,
hepatic abscess, syphilitic liver, and
hydatid cyst.
4. Describe the physical signs and
symptoms of intra thoracic cancer of the
lung.
5. Give the naked eye characters, and
describe the minute structure of colloid
cancer.
Cerebrum.
1. When, on removal of the caivarium
and the dura mater, the convolutions of
the cerebrum are seen to be flattened,
what are the morbid conditions within
the cranium which may give rise to this
morbid condition.
Chlorosis.
1. What do you mean by the term
" chlorosis "?
2. Describe the state of the blood.
3. State the condition of the various
organs.
4. Give the treatment.
Cholera.
1. From what date may cholera be
said to have ingrafted itself on the en-
demics of the soil of India ?
2. What are the conditions which
appear to act most powerfully as pre-
disposing causes of cholera ?
3. What is the probable source of
danger from encamping on ground lately
occupied by a body of men among whom
cholera has prevailed ?
4. What influence do high and low
situations respectively exert on the pro-
portional mortality of those attacked,
and on the proportionate number of
those seized.
5. Explain in what way excessively
long marches appear to increase the viru-
lence of the epidemic of cholera in
soldiers.
Chorea.
1. What are the causes, different forms,
and symptoms of chorea ?
2. State the general treatment of a
case of chorea, with the principal drugs
which have been found useful, and
give your opinion of their respective
merits.
Circulatory.
1. What are the chief diseases of the
circulatory system observed by you
among soldiers ; to what causes do you
attribute them, and how far do you deem
such causes remediable ?
Cirrhosis.
1. Give a definition of cirrhosis of the
liver ; causes, consequences, and final
results.
2. State how you would diagnose a
case of cirrhosis of the liver.
3. What are the symptoms of cirrhosis,
and the appearance of the liver exter-
nally?
4. Describe the alterations in structure,
form, relative position, with an account of
the management of a case in the early,
and in the later stages of the disease.
5. Describe the mechanism of the
haemorrhage that occurs in cirrhosis.
Colon.
1. Where is stricture of the colon most
likely to occur ?
2. What are the symptoms and course ?
3. How would you treat it ?
Coma.
1. What are the chief causes, symp-
toms, and diseases giving rise to coma ?
2. Describe the principal lesions you
would expect to find after death.
Contagion.
1. What is usually meant by the term
" contagion " ?
Contagious.
1. Enumerate the diseases which are
said to be contagious, and mention the
chief reasons which are supposed to
justify the application of the term "con-
tagious " to them.
2. What are the regulations in force
for preventing the spread of contagious
disease by public conveyances ?
3. State your reasons for either approv-
ing or disapproving of the Contagious
Diseases Acts.
Convulsions.
1. You are called to a person in con-
vulsions ; how do you proceed to discover
their cause ?
2. What is your treatment ?
3. Enumerate the chief causes of con-
vulsions in adults and children.
4. How would you treat a case of con-
vulsions depending on teething, and
occurring in a child ten months old, and
what would be your prognosis ?
Convulsive.
1. Give the symptoms of a convulsive
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
65
Convulsive — continued.
attack in an adult proceeding from kid-
ney disease.
2. State particularly how the diagnosis
is to be made.
3. What treatment you would adopt.
Cow-Pox.
1. Give an account of the phenomena
of cow-pox on the human subject.
Croup.
1. State the pathological anatomy,
symptoms, and treatment of croup.
2. What do you understand by the
term "croup"?
3. Describe the complaints included in
it, and their treatment.
4. Write a prescription in full for a
child three years old.
5. Can we do any good by tracheo-
tomy in croup ?
Cyanosis.
1. Describe the anatomical causes of
cyanosis.
2. Explain the relation of cyanosis to
morbid states of the circulation.
Cynanche.
1. Give a short description of cynanche
tonsillaris.
Cysts.
1. Describe the different modes in
which cysts become developed.
"2. Give a brief account of the different
kinds of cysts, illustrated by examples.
3. Describe the characters of hydatid
cysts, which distinguish them from other
forms of cyst found in the human body.
Death.
1. When a person is at once and com-
pletely deprived of food, describe the
mode of death, and state the circum-
stances which, in such a case, influence
the duration of life.
2. Name the six important items in
the registration of deaths.
Degeneration.
_ 1. Enumerate the forms of degenera-
tion which occur in tissues or organs, and
state how they may be recognised in the
organs after death.
2. Describe the anatomical characters
of fatty degeneration of the heart, its
etiology, symptoms, secondary lesions,
and treatment.
3. Mention the characters, as seen by
the naked eye and under the microscope,
of the liver affected with waxy degenera-
tion.
4. Describe what is meant by degene-
ration of tissue in pathology.
Degeneration — continued.
5. Describe the waxy degeneration of
the spleen known as sago spleen.
Delirium.
1. Enumerate the principal causes of
delirium ; and how would you distinguish
them ?
2. Describe fully the symptoms, etio-
logy, diagnosis, prognosis, different ways
in which it proves fatal, and give the
treatment of a case of delirium tremens,
with an opinion on the use of opium,
chloral, and stimulants in the treatment.
3. Describe the symptoms and proper
treatment of delirium following injuries.
4. How are the symptoms to be dis-
tinguished from those of inflammation of
the brain ?
Diabetes Mellitus.
1. Sketch the symptoms, causes, and
treatment of diabetes mellitus by medi-
cines and diet.
2. What are the modern views of the
nature of diabetes ?
3. Sketch the condition of the urine in
diabetes.
4. How is the morbid impregnation
supposed to arise ?
5. Explain the indications to be ob-
served in the treatment, and the measures
best adapted to fulfil them.
Diabetic Urine.
1. Is sugar always present in diabetic
urine ?
2. State what kind of sugar it is.
3. Give a simple test for it.
4. Why is it that the blood in the
general circulation becomes saccharine
in this disease ?
Dietetic Treatment.
1. What dietetic treatment is most
advisable in scorbutus ?
2. State the details of the dietetic
treatment of diabetes, uric acid gravel.
Differential Diagnostic.
1. Give the differential diagnostic
marks of : (1) i. small-pox ; ii. cow-pox ;
iii. chicken-pox ; iv. measles ; v. scarlet
fever ; (2) i. gout ; ii. rheumatism ; iii.
c-steo-arthritis ; (3) i. cerebral disease ;
ii. meningeal disease ; (4) i. cerebral
vomiting ; ii. gastric vomiting ; (5) i.
hysteria ; ii. epilepsy.
Diarrhoea
1. Mention the different remedies
which may be used to check diarrhoea,
and to allay sickness and vomitinf
giving the doses and forms in which
they should be employed.
66 EX A MINA TION Q U EST 10 NS
ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Diarrhoea — continued.
_ 2. Write a prescription for the admi-
nistration of such a remedy.
Diphtheria.
1. Describe the anatomical characters,
symptoms, course, diagnosis, different
forms, prognosis, duration, sequela, and
give the treatment of diphtheria.
2. Prescribe a gargle containing car-
bolic acid for a case of diphtheria.
3. What symptoms directly due to
derangements of the nervous system
accompany and follow diphtheria ?
Disabilities.
1. Enumerate the chief disabilities for
military service, and the prescribed
method for detecting them.
Diseases.
1. State the diseases in which you
would employ arsenic, bismuth, digitalis,
iron, quinine, zinc.
2. Enumerate the chief diseases which
can be communicated from one person to
another.
3. What particulars are necessary to
prove this ?
Distoma.
1. What is a distoma ?
2. What are the organs or parts of the
human body in which this parasite is
found ?
3. In what form or stage of develop-
ment does it exist in these organs or
parts ?
4. How does it betray its presence
during life ?
5. In what geographical districts does
this parasite prevail ?
Dropsy.
1. What are the forms of dropsy of
the areolar tissue ?
2. Describe the features of cases of
cardiac and renal dropsy ; state how you
would detect them, and the treatment to
be adopted for their relief.
3. Explain how serous effusion takes
place in cardiac dropsy.
4. What are the causes of dropsy ?
5. State how they may be best coun-
teracted.
Dysentery.
1. Give an accurate definition of
dysentery, various forms of the disease,
circumstances which determine the de-
velopment of each, symptoms, pathology,
and treatment of the sthenic type.
2. How would you diagnose a case of
dysentery ?
3. Where is it most prevalent ?
Dysentery— continued.
4. What do we learn by washing the
evacuations in dysentery ?
5. Mention jtwo good remedies for
chronic dysentery, their doses and
frequency.
Dysentery with Scorbutus.
1. Describe the course, characteristic
appearances seen in dysentery with
scorbutus, and the treatment.
2. Notice any complication of other
organs usually associated with it.
Dysphagia.
1. Enumerate the various causes of
dysphagia, and how would you distinguish
between them ?
Dyspnoea.
1. What causes induce dyspnoea, and
how would you examine the patient with
a view to determine the cause ?
Dysuria.
1. What causes induce dvsuria in
childhood ?
Eczema.
1. Describe a case of eczema.
2. Give the local and constitutional
treatment of acute eczema of the face in
children.
3. A case of acute eczema presents it-
self for treatment ; there is much moist
exudation, with smarting and tingling,
and almost erysipelatous redness. It is
proposed to give arsenic. Would this
meet with your approval, and what would
be your line of practice ?
Effusions.
1. Explain fully the mode by which
serous effusions into the abdominal cavity
are produced.
2. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment.
3. Describe the different kinds of
effusion into the pleural sac, their patho-
logical causes, diagnosis and treatment.
4. Explain how secondary effusions
into the pericardium may take place.
5. What are the symptoms and physi-
cal signs of effusion of fluid in the chest ?
Embolism.
1. What is the nature and probable
consequences of embolism ?
2. What are the symptoms produced
by complete embolism of the middle
cerebral artery on the right and left side ?
3. What do you understand by embo-
lism?
4. Give an account of the different
kinds of embolism, and the ultimate re-
sults.
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
67
Embolism — continued.
5. Mention the chief vessels which
may be affected.
Empyema.
1. Give a complete account of empyema,
causes which may lead to it, symptoms by
which the presence of pus may be de-
tected or inferred to be present in the
cavity of the pleura, progress, modes of
termination, diagnostic physical signs,
and treatment.
Endemic.
1 . Name the endemic diseases of India,
giving their classes and orders according
to the official system of classification.
Enlarged Spleen.
1. Give the causes, symptoms, diagnosis,
consequences, and state the treatment of
enlarged spleen.
2. How may it be recognised during
life, and state the condition of blood
coincident with enlarged spleen ?
Entozoa.
1. What are the distinctive characters
of entozoa ?
2. What are the entozoa which can
live in the alimentary canal of man ?
3. Give the symptoms . \ey cause, the
prophylaxis and treatment required for
their expulsion.
Epilepsy.
1. What appear to be the most common
causes of epilepsy in the army ?
2. How do you distinguish between
true and feigned attacks ?
3. What do you understand by the
terms : status epilepticus, haut mal,
petit mal.
4. What are the steps you would take
before sending a soldier before an invalid-
ing board ?
5. Describe the leading principles of
treatment in each form.
Eruptions.
1. Describe the fully developed erup-
tions seen in measles, small-pox, scarlet
fever.
2. Indicate the chief distinctions as
regards signs, sequelae, and symptoms
between the eruptions in measles, small-
pox, scarlet fever.
3. What is the supposed difference in
duration between the latent periods of
eruptions ?
4. State the periods of the disease
when the eruptions appearand disappear,
and mention what inferences as to the
severity and prognosis of the case can be
drawn from them.
Erysipelas.
1. Mention the symptoms which usher
in an attack of erysipelas of the head and
face.
2. What treatment would you adopt if
head symptoms had supervened ?
3. What post-mortem appearances
might you expect to find within the
cranium ?
4. Give your treatment of erysipelas.
Erythema.
1 . Give the diagnosis and treatment o
the various forms of erythema.
Exanthemata.
1. Enumerate the exanthemata, and
give the distinguishing character of each
disease.
Expectoration.
1. Enumerate the principal varieties in
the expectoration in pulmonary diseases.
Fatty.
1. Describe the appearance on section
of the liver in fatty degeneration, and the
microscopic changes that take place.
2. Describe the fatty degeneration of
muscular fibre, its appearance, anatomical
characters, including the results of obser-
vation with the microscope.
3. Mention any circumstances believed
to predispose to that morbid condition.
4. Describe the differences between
fatty degeneration and fatty infiltration
of an organ, and the effects of each lesion
upon the minute elements of its tissue and
functions.
5. Give the differential diagnosis of
fatty degeneration of the right and left
ventricle.
Febrile.
1 . By what means may the febrile con-
dition of the body be most accurately
recognised and measured ?
2. Give a concise account of the value
attached to thermometric observations in
cases of acute disease.
Fever.
1. Sketch the more important secondary
diseases that occur in the progress of con-
tinued fever.
2. Explain the terms "crisis" and
" lysis " in reference to fever.
3. What do you mean by the term
" fever " used in its abstract sense to indi-
cate a state accompanying many diseases?
4. Name and define each of the several
forms of fever comprehended under the
designation of common continued fever.
5. What are the types of fever usually
seen in unsanitary camps and garrisons?
CS EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Fevers.
1. Contrast the symptoms of inter-
mittent, relapsing, enteric, remittent,
and yellow fevers as regards : (1) causa-
tion ; (2) symptomatology ; (3) tempe-
rature ; (-1) duration; (5) anatomical
lesion.
2. Give an account of the malarious
fevers, including the presumed causes,
the symptoms, and the treatment.
Fibrinous Deposits.
1. What are the conditions under
which fibrinous deposits are found post-
mortem ?
2. What are the situations where such
fibrinous deposits are most commonly
found ?
3. What may be the result of the for-
mation of such fibrinous deposits during
Fungi.
1. What are the elements and forms
of texture which compose a fungus ?
2. Name the elementary structures of
microscopic fungi.
3. What are the skin diseases as-
sociated with fungi ?
4. Give an account of the forms of the
fungi peculiar to each.
5. Name the diseases in which fungi
are known to take a prominent place in
the lesion.
Gallstones.
1. What are the symptoms produced or
caused by the passage of gallstones ?
2. Give their composition.
3. What is to be done ?
4. How do they behave in water ?
5. How do you get the cholesterine
out of them ?
Gout.
1. Distinguish between gout and
rheumatism.
2. What complications may be ex-
pected in each disease ?
3. How are we to prevent the return
of gout ?
4. Give the pathology, symptoms,
morbid conditions of internal organs, and
treatment of gout.
5. What are the structures affected in
gout, and what in rheumatism ?
Gouty.
1. Describe the microscopic characters
of gouty deposits in the structure of the
joints.
2. The kidney may be affected with
the gouty-poison. Describe this state of
the organ.
Haematoma.
1. What do you understand by haema-
toma?
2. In what form, and in what part of
the body, has the lesion been shown to
you?
3. What is the nature, its usual site,
and the circumstances under which it is
developed ?
Haemoptysis .
1. Give the various causes of haemo-
ptysis, including the pathology and se-
quelae of the morbid conditions giving
rise to it.
2. State the indications for treatment,
with the usual remedial agents.
3. What is haemoptysis ?
4. Give the characters which distin-
guish haemoptysis from haematemesis.
5. In what diseases is it liable to
occur ?
Haemorrhage.
1. State the several conditions under
which haemorrhage from the lungs,
stomach, or bowels may occur.
2. What are the chief causes and
symptoms of intestinal haemorrhage in
fever ?
3. Give the treatment and the reme-
dies.
4. How would you treat each particular
variety of haemorrhage ?
5. What remedies would you employ ?
Hair.
1. Describe the conditions giving rise
to loss of hair.
Headache.
1. State the varieties, causes, and treat-
ment of headache.
Heart.
1. What are the chief causes of dis-
placement of the heart ?
2. State the average weight and cir-
cumference of the heart, at ages from 20
to 30.
3. What are the causes, constitutional
and physical, which appear to produce
heart-diseases amongst soldiers ?
4. Name the so-called valvular orifices
of the heart, in the order of their relative
sizes and circumferences.
5. What are the chief causes, and what
are the effects of the enlargement of the
right and left ventricle of the heart ?
Hemiplegia.
1. Give the symptoms of hemiplegia
caused by acute softening of the brain.
2. What is meant by hemiplegia, para-
plegia, and locomotor ataxy ?
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
69
Hemiplegia — contin tied.
3. Describe the symptoms of each
disease, and the morbid conditions upon
which they depend.
4. Describe a case of hemiplegia, the
different forms, its complications with
the general principles of treatment in
the different stages.
Hepatic Abscess.
1. What are the symptoms of hepatic
abscess, and what treatment would you
adopt ?
Hepatitis.
1. In a case of supposed acute hepa-
titis, give the diagnostic value of pain,
jaundice, cough, enlargement of the
liver.
2. Detail the symptoms, ordinary ter-
minations, anatomical characters, and
treatment of hepatitis.
3. Define the lesions sometimes classi-
fied under the name of hepatitis.
Herpes.
1. Describe the first appearance and
course of herpes preputialis.
2. Describe herpes testa.
3. Give its etiology and treatment.
Hooping-Cough.
1. Give your treatment of hooping-
cough.
2. A child is under treatment for
hooping-cough, and the mother states
that after each dose of his medicine his
face flushes, and he complains of his
throat being very dry. What drug is
most likely to produce these symptoms ?
3. Describe the complications that
generally arise in the progress of hooping-
cough.
Hydro.
1. Describe a case of acute hydro-
cephalus in a child, and state what treat-
ment you would adopt.
2. Describe the causes, diagnostic
symptoms, and treatment of hydro-peri-
cardium.
3. How is hydro-nephrosis produced ?
4. Describe a well-marked example of
the lesion.
5. Mention the structures which must
be divided in the operation for hydro-
thorax.
Ileus.
1. Give the diagnosis of ileus, and the
treatment founded on a diagnosis of the
causes.
Insanity.
1. Sketch the different forms of in-
sanity.
Impetigo.
1. Give the diagnostic characters,
forms, and treatment of impetigo.
Inflammation.
1. Sketch the anatomical characters,
diagnostic symptoms, terminations, and
treatment of inflammation of the caecum.
2. Describe the anatomical characters,
causes, and consequences of inflammation
of veins.
3. What are the pathological charac-
ters and results of (1) parenchymatous ;
(2) secretary inflammation ?
4. How do we judge of the propriety
and requisite amount of blood-letting in
inflammations 1
Insolatio.
1. Give the best account you can of
insolatio.
2. Explain the circumstances and con-
ditions under which soldiers are most
likely to suffer from insolatio.
3. Does this affection occur only in
the direct rays of the sun ?
4. What appear to be the most power-
ful predisposing causes of the disease ?
5. Give (1) the premonitory; (2) the
actual symptoms of insolatio.
Intellect.
1. Name the several forms of disorders
of the intellect, according to the medical
regulations.
Intermittent.
1. In what cases of true intermittent
is quinine often found to fail ?
2. Describe the varieties of ague.
3. Describe the symptoms and course
of intermittent fever in its severest form,
the anatomical conditions it leaves be-
hind, and the treatment, including pro-
phylaxis.
4. How would you distinguish an in-
termittent pulse, dependent on functional
disorder of the heart's action, from that
kind connected with structural disease of
the heart ?
5. What drug would you recommend
when the patient cannot take bark or
quinine ?
Intestinal Obstruction.
1. What are the causes of intestinal
obstruction ?
2. Are there no direct means which
may be tried to overcome intestinal ob-
struction ?
3. Describe the typical phenomena
characteristic of intestinal obstruction.
4. Explain how frecal vomiting occurs.
5. Mention the chief varieties of in-
70 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Intestinal Obstruction — continued.
testinal obstruction, in the order of rela-
tive frequency.
Intestinal Perforation.
1. What symptoms denote that intes-
tinal perforation has taken place ?
2. What is desirable under such cir-
cumstances ?
Intus-Susception.
1. At what period of life does intus-
susception most frequently occur ?
2. To what symptoms does this state
give rise?
3. What line of treatment holds out
the best prospect of success ?
4. What are the results of it ?
5. By what process has the invaginated
portion sloughed away, and how do
you know it ?
Jaundice.
1. State the pathology of jaundice.
2. What are the symptoms ?
3. What is the treatment of jaun-
dice?
4. Mention the diagnosis between
jaundice dependent on obstruction, and
suppression of bile.
5. Name the diseases in which jaundice
is met with, arranging them under the
following heads : diseases of the liver, of
its ducts, diseases indirectly affecting the
biliary secretions, zymotic diseases.
Kidney.
1 . What are the principal distinguishing
signs of enlargement or tumour of the
kidney ?
2. What are the chief morbid appear-
ances found in the kidney, or in its pel-
vis, on post-mortem examination ?
3. Give the pathological anatomy of
the granular kidney.
4. Mention the symptoms which are
usually associated with it.
5. Describe particularly the chemical
and microscopic characters of the urine.
Lardaceous.
1. What is lardaceous disease ?
2. Describe the character of the lesion,
anatomical and chemical.
3. In what textures and organs, and in
what parts of these organs is the lesion
found ?
4. How is the lesion to be recognised
after death, with and without the iodine
test solution ?
5. Give the composition of the iodine
test solution, and describe the conditions
under which lardaceous disease is brought
about.
Laryngitis.
1. Describe the symptoms, causes of
acute laryngitis, and the diseases with
which it is apt to be confounded.
2. Describe the various forms of chronic
laryngitis, and the treatment adapted to
each.
Lead.
1. Describe briefly a case of lead palsy-
paralysis.
2. What is the particular organ affected
in cases where the mischief arises from
the handling of lead compounds ?
3. What prophylactic means would you
recommend the patient to adopt ?
4. State the symptoms of lead colic,
the diagnosis, and the treatment.
Leucoderma.
1. Give the causes and diagnosis of
leucoderma.
2. How may the leucoderma of leprosy
be distinguished from the other kinds.
Leukaemia.
1. Define leucocythsemia.
2. Give the causes which appear to
induce this condition.
3. Describe the state of the blood.
4. State the diagnosis, symptoms, and
condition of the various organs.
5. Give the most rational treatment.
Lichen.
1. Give the varieties of lichen, their
anatomical seat, and the treatment.
Liver.
1 . Describe accurately the normal limits
of the liver, and its position in every di-
rection.
2. Describe the morbid anatomy of a
liver reduced by the cicatricial contrac-
tions of syphilitic lesions.
3. Describe the etiology, morbid ana-
tomy, symptoms, and results of acute
atrophy of the liver.
4. What are its normal dimensions ?
5. Explain the most common causes of
abnormal position of the gland, and how
detected.
Loins.
1. What are the principal causes of
severe pain in the loins? — and give the dis-
tinguishing symptoms of the conditions
you enumerate.
Lung.
1. What are the causes and symp-
toms of consolidation or deposit in the
lungs ?
2. Name the forms of destructive dis-
eases of the lungs given in the nomen-
clature.
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
71
Lung — continued.
3. What are the diseases which may
produce cavities in the lungs ?
4. What is the evidence of the connexion
of diseases of the lungs, with the inhala-
tion of foreign particles ?
5. State the various conditions under
which atrophy of the lungs, with thoracic
deformity, is met with, and the differential
diagnostic symptoms and physical signs.
lupus.
1 . In what does the constitutional cause
of lupus consist ?
Malaria.
1. By what means may an individual
best protect himself against marsh mala-
ria?
2. Can you offer any explanation as to
why malaria productive of intermittent
fever is not observed in the bog districts
of Ireland ?
3. What do you understand by the
term ?
4. Describe the conditions under which
it is generated.
5. Give the forms of fever it produces.
Measles.
1. Describe the symptoms of measles,
the time of incubation, duration of pre-
monitory fever, and rash.
2. In measles, from what sources do
dangers arise ?
3. Give the treatment of the disease.
4. The complications and sequelae of
measles differ from those of scarlatina :
How?
Melanosis.
1. Give the pathology of melanosis.
2. What are the several sources of
spurious melanosis of the lungs ?
3. How is it distinguished from true ?
Melancholia.
1. Give an account of the pathology
of melancholia in the following details :
(1) the earliest mental and bodily pheno-
mena which indicate the disorder; (2)
the characteristic appearances of the pa-
tient and his general symptoms.
2. Name the several well-known forms
of the disorder.
3. Describe the course to which the
cases of this disorder tend.
Meningitis.
1. Describe a case of tubercular men-
ingitis in a child from the appearance of
premonitory symptoms to the termina-
tion in death.
2. Discuss the treatment of tubercular
meningitis.
Meningitis — continued.
3. Describe the characteristic appear-
ances and lesions presented by the brain
and its membranes in acute tubercular
meningitis.
4. Describe the post-mortem appear-
ances of a case of fatal tubercular menin-
gitis.
5. Contrast the symptoms and patho-
logy of idiopathic with those of tubercular
meningitis.
Mesenteric.
1. What are the chief abnormal con-
ditions of the mesenteric glands ?
Metastatical.
1. Indicate the probable anatomical
sources of metastatical abscesses in the
lungs and in the liver.
Miasmata.
1. State the effects of animal and palu-
dal miasmata on the system.
Microscope.
1. Explain the principles of the mi-
croscope.
2. How would you determine the mag-
nifying power of the lenses in a micro-
scope, and append the scale used ?
3. State the formula from which you
ascertain the magnifying power.
Microsymes.
1. Explain the term microsymes.
Mitral.
1. Detail the plrysical signs, consecutive
diseases, and general treatment of mitral
stenosis.
2. What is the differential diagnosis
of obstructive and regurgitant mitral
valve disease ?
3. Describe the phenomena in their
natural sequence which lead in this dis-
ease to a fatal termination.
4. Give the best modes of mitigating
their effects as they arise.
5. State the results which proceed
from (1) contracted mitral valves ; (2)
incompetency of the mitral valve ; (3)
constriction of the mitral orifice, and the
signs by which the existence of the af-
fection may be determined.
Mumps.
1. Mention the differences between
mumps and parotiditis.
2. Give the effects of mumps upon the
salivary secretion.
3. In what respects are mumps and
eruptive fevers analogous ?
Muscular.
1. What are the causes of muscular
atrophy ?
72 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Muscular— continued.
2. State the nature of muscular tumour
occurring in the walls of the abdomen,
and mention the chief points of error in
diagnosis.
Myocardium.
1. Describe briefly the different morbid
conditions which may be met with in the
myocardium.
Nephritis.
1. Describe the causes, diagnosis,
symptoms of acute desquamative nephri-
tis ; and how would you treat the
disease ?
2. Describe the naked eye appearances
and histological changes in acute suppura-
tive nephritis.
3. Describe the symptoms, course, and
treatment of chronic nephritis ; and give
the results of a chemical and microscopi-
cal examination of the urine.
Neuralgia.
1 . What are the views most commonly
entertained respecting the nature of neur-
algia ?
2. Where is it most frequently situ-
ated ?
3. How is it to be. treated ?
4. Give the different remedies for neur-
algia, with their doses.
5. State which drugs are most worthy
of confidence in cases of neuralgia of the
fifth nerve.
Palsy.
1. Sketch the different forms of "palsy,
their pathological causes, and treatment.
2. Describe the pathological causes of
facial palsy, and the symptoms.
Pancreas.
1. What are the symptoms of cancer
of the head of the pancreas ?
2. What are the principal diseases of
the pancreas ?
3. How may they be recognised during
life?
Paralysis.
1. What is the result of paralysis of
the third cerebral nerve ?
2. What are the principal lesions of
the brain which may give rise to paralysis
of motion ?
3. What are the symptoms of paralysis
of the seventh pair or facial nerves?
Mention the causes upon which it may
depend, and the treatment you would
adopt for its relief.
4. Enumerate the different forms of
paralysis of motion dependent on disease
of the brain and spinal cord.
Par aly sis— cont intt ed.
5. Describe the causes (1) within the
cranium, (2) within the spinal column,
(3) external to the cranium, (4) cord ; and
post-mortem appearances.
Paraplegia.
1. What is meant by paraplegia ?
2. Describe the symptoms of para-
plegia.
3. Upon what various causes may para-
plegia depend ?
Parasitic Animals.
_ 1. Enumerate the chief kinds of para-
sitic animals; which infest man or
animals.
2. Give the order to which they belong,
their habitats, or the organs they prin-
cipally affect.
3. Mention the probable source from
which each may enter, and mode of pro-
pagation.
Parasitic Diseases.
1. Describe the mode of propagation
of the following parasitic diseases : dra-
cunculus, hydatid echinococcus, scabies,
tape-worm.
2. The hydatid echinococcus cysts, the
tape-worm, and the Guinea worm being
the most frequent of parasitic diseases
amongst soldiers, give an account of the
natural history of each, and all the forms
of these parasites ; stating the sources of
each, showing how they obtain access to
the human body, as well as to the body
of animals, and how they reach the sites
in which they are severally found.
Pericarditis.
1. Give the signs on auscultation and
percussion in pericarditis ; dry, and with
great effusion.
2. At what period of the attack will
the friction sound be first heard, and
over what region ?
3. What are the most frequent causes
of acute pericarditis, symptoms, and
treatment ?
4. Name the general diseases in which
pericarditis is apt to occur, in the order
of frequency of occurrence.
5. Describe the characters of the new-
material which is enclosed in the sac in
the various forms of pericarditis.
Peritonitis.
1. What are the chief causes and
symptoms of peritonitis ?
2. Describe the symptoms of a case of
tubercular peritonitis.
3. With what diseases may it be con-
founded ?
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
Peritonitis — continued.
4. What are the chief indications of
peritonitis, after operations for strangu-
lated hernia ?
5 . To what is the peritonitis due which
causes death ?
Phthisis.
1. Give its place in the official classifi-
cation of diseases.
2. Give an account of the nature of
fibroid phthisis.
3. Why is phthisis an apex disease ?
4. What are the causes which appear
to operate in its production and propaga-
tion in the army ?
5. Mention the most judicious means
of counteracting them.
Pleurisy.
1. Describe a case of pleurisy, the
symptoms at each stage, diagnosis, prog-
nosis, course of the disease, the effects of
pleurisy, signs on auscultation and per-
cussion of pleurisy, with great and long
continued effusion on the left side, ana-
tomical characters, outline of the treat-
ment by medicines.
2. Explain the pathological changes
in the contraction of the chest after
pleurisy.
3. Under what circumstances is it
advisable to evacuate the fluid by
tapping ?
4. On what symptoms and physical
signs would you rely for the diagnosis of
diaphragmatic pleurisy 1
Pneumonia.
1. Give the general symptoms of pneu-
monia in the adult.
2. In what kind of pneumonia would
you bleed, in what give stimulants, and
in what expect a favourable termination
under simple treatment ?
3. What are the physical signs in pneu-
monia at the base of the left lung ?
4. Describe the appearances presented
by the lung after death in the different
stages of pneumonia, and the appropriate
treatment.
5. How is the sound of the voice, altered
when heard through the stethoscope,
placed over the region of the consolidated
patch in pneumonia 1
Pneumothorax.
1. In a case of pneumothorax there is
fluid in the cavity of the pleura : what
proof is there that this fluid is not the
contents of a vomica that has discharged
its contents into this cavity, and how is
it to be accounted for ?
Pneumothorax — continued.
2. Explain how pneumothorax may
arise.
3. Give its physical signs and treat-
ment.
4. What are the symptoms and results
of pneumothorax ?
Post-Mortem.
1. Describe the post-mortem appear-
ances you would expect to find in ex-
amining the bodies of patients who died
of dysentery, pneumonia, phthisis.
2. Describe the best method of per-
forming a post-mortem examination.
3. Describe the mode of removing the
contents of the thoracic cavity.
4. State how you would detach the
several organs and viscera in the skull
and abdomen.
5. Mention how the larynx, trachea,
and thoracic aorta are to be opened.
Progressive.
1. Give a description of the symptoms,
progress, duration ; with a careful dia-
gnosis between progressive locomotor
ataxy and paraplegic affections.
2. Give a description of the symptoms,
progress, duration ; a careful diagnosis
between progressive muscular atrophy
and paraplegic affections.
3. Describe and explain the eye
symptoms in locomotor ataxia.
Pulmonary
1. What may be the morbid conditions
leading to pulmonary collapse, with the
physical signs ? and state its appropriate
treatment.
2. If the lungs collapse on opening the
pleural cavities, what may be inferred as
to their condition ?
3. If they do not collapse, what may
be the morbid conditions which prevent
them from collapsing ?
4. Describe the morbid anatomy,
symptoms, and effects. Give the signs
on auscultation and percussion in pul-
monary emphysema ; mode of production
of the emphysema ; its relations with
other diseases of the chest; and treat-
ment.
5 . Describe the anatomical characters,
diagnostic signs, and causes of pulmonary
gangrene.
Pulse.
1. Describe the varieties in the pulse,
and the practical inferences to be de-
duced from them.
2. What is the state of the pulse in
the following conditions : (1) acute peri-
74 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Pulse — continued.
tonitis, (2) compression of the brain,
(3) delirium tremens, (4) recurrent
haemorrhage, (5) senile gangrene.
Purpura.
1. Give the symptoms, forms, and
treatment of purpura.
Pyaemia.
1. What do you understand by the
term "pyaemia" ?
2. Symptoms of a case of pyaemia.
3. The pathological conditions found
after death.
4. Mention the circumstances under
which you would- expect cases of pyaemia
to occur in warfare.
5. Explain the nature of pyaemia with
phlebitis, and the post-mortem appear-
ances.
Pylorus.
1. What is the treatment of thickening
of the pylorus ?
2. Describe the symptoms of scirrhous
pylorus, and state how this lesion is to
be distinguished during life from chronic
ulcer of the stomach.
3. Describe the various conditions
under which obstruction of the pylorus
occurs.
Pyrosis.
1. Describe the disease known as
pyrosis ; say whether any particular
foods cause it ; and detail the treat-
ment for it.
Pales.
1. In what diseases are humid rales
heard in the lungs ?
2. What would be the differential
diagnosis of those diseases ?
Remittent Fever.
1. Describe the symptoms in a case of
uncomplicated remittent fever.
2. Show where they differ from, where
they resemble, those of true yellow fever.
3. Mention the organs most prone to
suffer in the course of the disease.
4. State the tendency to death.
5. Give a sketch of the leading prin-
ciples of treatment.
Renal.
1. Describe the symptoms, course,
diagnosis, accompanying the passage of
a renal calculus through the ureter, and
treatment.
2. Describe the forms of renal disease
which give rise to dropsy and albumi-
nuria.
3. Give the precautions to a person
<mred of renal dropsy.
Renal — continued.
4. Prescribe a diuretic in this case.
5. What are the several causes of
renal haemorrhage.
Respiration.
1. If puerile respiration be found in
the adult, what is generally its chief
determining cause ?
Rheumatic Fever.
1. Give three different modes of treat-
ing acute rheumatic fever, and explain why
each may, in turn, be quite appropriate.
2. What are the cardiac symptoms and
signs which may occur in rheumatic
fever, with their treatment ?
3. Describe a case of rheumatic fever.
Rheumatism.
1. What are the cardiac signs and
symptoms which may occur during the
progress of rheumatism 1
2. Supposing any signs of cardiac
affection to manifest themselves in rheu-
matism, what is to be done ?
3. Explain the nature of rheumatism
as you may have seen the disease prevail
among soldiers.
4. Mention its place in the classifica-
tion of diseases.
5. Give the changes which take place
in the tissues and structures in chronic
rheumatism.
Scabies.
1. Describe the varieties of scabies,
and give the treatment for each variety.
Scarlet Fever.
1. Describe fully a case of scarlet
fever, with all its possible sequela?, or
complications.
2. What are the chief causes of danger
in scarlet fever ?
3. Give the appropriate treatment for
every stage.
4. What are the usual sanitary precau-
tions adopted when cases of scarlet fever
occur in a barrack ?
5. When does a person who has re-
covered from an attack of scarlet fever
cease to be contagious ?
Sclerosis.
1. Describe the morbid anatomy of
sclerosis as a lesion of the nervous system.
Scorbutus.
1. Describe the post-mortem appear-
ances in cases of extreme scorbutus.
2. Describe the causation, symptoms,
diagnosis, and treatment of scorbutus.
Septicaemia.
1. What do you understand by septi-
caemia ?
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
75
Skin. .
1. Describe the diseases of the skin
usually grouped under the term vesicular,
and give the appropriate treatment.
2. Describe the following diseases of
the skin : acne, boil, erythema nodosum,
lupus, scabies.
3. Sketch the pustular diseases of the
skin.
4. Give the etiology, symptoms, course,
diagnosis, and treatment of : eczema,
pemphigus, porrigo.
5. On what do such eruptions gene-
rally depend ?
Small-Pox.
1. State what general symptoms would
lead you to dread a fatal result in a case
of confluent small-pox.
2. What special complications of the
disease would cause the same ?
3. On what day death most usually
occurs.
4. What is the rate at which unvacci-
nated persons, affected with small-pox,
die, and the death rate among those vac-
cinated under similar circumstances ?
5. Describe the treatment of small -pox.
Sounds.
1. Give the characters which distin-
guish exocardial from endocardial sounds.
Spinal.
1. What are the conditions which have
been observed in fatal cases of spinal
concussion ?
2. What are the symptoms of concus-
sion of the spine ?
3. Describe the diseases to which the
spinal-cord is liable.
4. Give the diagnostic symptoms and
treatment of each.
Stethoseopic.
1. Give the stethoseopic signs of the
following diseases : pneumonia, hydro-
thorax, pulmonary apoplexy, coincident
constriction and patency of the cardiac
mitral opening, and similar conditions of
the aortic orifice.
2. Define the following stethoseopic
terms ; state in what morbid conditions
they are heard, and specify their diag-
nostic indications : amphoric respiration,
bronchial respiration, cracked-pot sound,
dulness on percussion, fine crepitation,
pectoriloquy, sibilant rales, vesicular
murmur.
Stomach.
1. Describe the characters, causes, and
treatment of non-malignant ulcer of the
stomach.
Stomach — continued.
2. What are the symptoms of cancer
of the pyloric orifice of the stomach ?
3. What are the symptoms resulting
from an ulcer of the stomach having
penetrated into the peritoneal sac ?
4. What are the symptoms and treat-
ment of chronic ulcer of the stomach
leading to perforation ?
5. What are the chief structural
changes in the stomach ?
Sunstroke.
1. Define sunstroke.
2. Describe the varieties.
3. The causes which predispose to it.
4. The effects of high temperature on
the blood and tissues.
5. The way in which death seems to
be caused.
Syphilis.
1. Describe the morbid changes you
would expect to find in a person who had
died from protracted syphilis.
2. Define what is understood by
syphilis.
3. State the rules that you would
observe in the employment of mercury
and iodide of potassium respectively.
4. Describe the symptoms of inherite l
syphilis ; mention the periods of life at
which they are liable to appear, and the
suitable treatment.
5. Describe the symptoms by which
inherited syphilis may be detected in a
young person from 10 to 20 years of age,
what tissues are most commonly affected,
and what treatment is usually most bene-
ficial.
Syphilitic.
1. Sketch the syphilitic diseases of the
skin, and internal organs.
2. Describe syphilitic lepra ; its dia-
gnostic marks, probable previous symp-
toms, how distinguished from simple,
and what treatment should be pursued.
3. Mention the points which are to be
recorded in the description of syphilitic
sores.
Tape-Worm.
1. What are the sources of the tape-
worm ; which infest man ?
2. Name the kinds of tape-worm found
among soldiers.
3. In what countries are they most
common ?
4. Describe the origin and growth of
the cysticercus, which becomes the com-
mon tape-worm in soldiers in India.
5. Enumerate the usual remedies.
5—2
76 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Temperature.
1. What morbid temperature is de-
noted by the term hyper-pyrexia ?
2. Mention the usual normal tempera-
ture of the human body in health.
3. Give a concise account of the patho-
logical significance of records of tempe-
rature taken daily in cases of acute dis-
eases, and the precautions to be observed
in taking the observations.
4. What variations does the tempera-
ture undergo in health in the course of
twenty-four hours ?
5. Mention the various means of
lowering the bodily temperature in health
and disease, and explain their action,
more especially enumerating the reme-
dies which act only in conditions of pyrexia.
Tetanus.
1. Describe the diagnostic symptoms,
forms, pathological causes, and treatment
of tetanus.
2. Mention the various drugs which
have been of service in tetanus, with
your opinion of their relative efficiency,
and give the dose of each.
Thermometer.
1. Illustrate by special examples the
use of the thermometer in the diagnosis
of disease.
Thoracentesis.
1. When is the operation of thoracen-
tesis necessary ?
2. How is it performed ?
3. Accidents which should be guarded
against.
4. Circumstances which determine the
proper period for its performance.
Thorax.
1. What information as to the condi-
tion of the lungs and heart is to be ob-
tained by the inspection of the thorax ?
2. What are the deviations from the
normal shape of the thorax which are as-
sociated with disease of the lungs or
pleurse ?
Throat.
1. How would you examine the throat.
2. How would you distinguish between
the sore throat of cynanche tonsillaris,
scarlatina, diphtheria ?
3. Give the symptoms, the state of the
parts, the favourable and unfavourable
results, and treatment of the clergyman's
sore throat, and state by what means the
local treatment can be applied.
Thrush.
1. What is thrush ?
2. Give the cause and treatment.
Thrombosis.
1. What is the nature of thrombosis,
and probable consequences ?
2. Conditions in the living body under
which a thrombus is apt to form ?
3. State the difference between a throm-
bus and an embolus, and describe the
causes of thrombosis.
Thyroid Body.
1. Describe the varieties of enlarge-
ment of the thyroid body, the morbid
phenomena which are associated with
them, and their appropriate treatment.
Tonsillitis.
1. Give your treatment of tonsillitis
with great swelling.
Trichiasis.
1. What are the causes, symptoms, and
treatment of trichiasis ?
2. State what is known of the struc-
ture and life-history of trichina spiralis.
3. Give the symptoms and pathology
of trichinosis, including a description of
the animal.
4. How would you examine the flesh
in order to detect the entozoon ?
Tubercle.
1. Describe the phenomena of ill-health
which precedes and accompanies the
growth of tubercle in the lungs.
2. What do you understand by the
term " tubercle " ?
3. What are its usual seats in the
young and in the adult ?
4. What is the anatomical constitution,
and what are the general characters of
miliary tubercle ?
Tuberculosis.
1. What are the forms of intra-cranial
tuberculosis ?
2. At what decennial period of life is
tuberculosis most prevalent ?
3. Describe the forms in which tuber-
culous growths are localised in the lungs.
4. What are the evidences that such
growths are ever thrown out, absorbed,
or remain latent ?
5. What do you mean by acute tuber-
culosis ?
Typhoid Fever.
1. Give the leading symptoms of ty-
phoid fever, ending in perforation on the
nineteenth day.
2. What are the symptoms, causes,
and treatment of perforation of the gut
in typhoid fever, if recognised ?
3. During what stage of the intestinal
lesions may perforation happen ?
4. For what other diseases may typhoid
MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY.
77
Typhoid Fever — continued.
fever be mistaken, and how would you
distinguish between them ?
5. Describe a case of typhoid fever,
giving the incubation, the various stages
of the disease, the process which goes on
in the intestines, together with the modes
of death, and the treatment.
Typhus Fever.
1. State the main points in the phe-
nomena of typhus fever.
2. Describe the lesions, after-death ap-
pearances, seen in cases of typhus fever.
3. Describe the course the spots follow,
the day they may appear, their duration.
4. Give the symptoms of typhus fever
under the following heads and in the
following order : (1) character of the
chill : (2) when prostration appears ;
(3) describe the exanthem, when it
usually appears, the one which it most
resembles, and the diagnostic signs ; (4)
the head symptoms and ustial condition
of mental faculties throughout the dis-
ease ; (5) chest symptoms ; (6) abdomi-
nal symptoms; (7) urine; (8) tempera-
ture from first, and as usually observed
throughout the disease ; (9) if case ter-
minates favourably, when does the change
usually appear, and in what manner ?
Ulcer.
1. Give the treatment of a case of
gastric ulcer, with haemorrhage.
2. Describe the symptoms, causes, and
what is the treatment of ulcer of the
larynx.
3. Give carefully the diagnosis in each
form of ulcer of the larynx.
4. State how remedies can be applied
to the larynx.
5. What are the chief forms and causes
of (1) ulcer in the stomach ; (2) ileum ;
(3) colon ; (4) rectum ?
Uraemia.
1. Describe fully the symptoms usually
included by writers under the term
"uraemia."
Urine.
1. Explain the methods which you
would adopt in testing urine for albu-
men, sugar, and bile.
2. What are the most usual sediments
in the urine ?
3. Mention the chief reasons for which
the urine is examined.
4. Three specimens of albuminous
urine : (1) from a case of passive renal
congestion ; (2) from a case of renal cal-
culus ; (3) from a case of chronic morbus
Urine— continued .
Brightii ; how would you distinguish
between these ?
5. Mention the chief conditions of the
urine which are important for diagnosis.
Urinary.
1. Describe the several varieties ,of
urinary deposits.
2. Describe the symptoms characteris-
ing the passage of a urinary calculus
into the bladder, and state how you would
treat such a case.
Vaccination.
1. What is the most suitable age for
vaccinating infants ?
2. Describe the method of performing
the operation.
3. Enumerate the circumstances which
would induce you to postpone its per-
formance.
4. When is the vesicle matured ?
5. How know a genuine pock ?
Vaccine.
1. Describe the local characters of the
vaccine disease, including the diagnosis
between true and spurious vaccination.
2. What are the chief conditions which
interfere with the regular course of the
vaccine vesicle ?
3. What kind of cicatrix in the arm of
a recruit would satisfy you that it was
the result of a genuine vaccine vesicle ?
Valvular.
1. Describe the general principles ap-
plicable to the detection of valvular dis-
ease of the heart.
2. Diseases to which the valves of that
organ are liable.
3. Means of detecting the particular
valves affected.
4. Name the nature of the affection.
5. The duration of cases of valvular
disease of the heart varies exceedingly ;
say on what cause or causes this essen-
tially depends.
Venereal.
1. Describe the nomenclature neces-
sary to be attended to in the description
of venereal sores : (1) physical character
and exact site of lesion ; (2) probable
period of incubation ; (3) character of
attendant inflammation ; (4) subsequent
effects on neighbouring glands ; (5) prog-
nosis ; (6) consequences of the sore.
2. What kind of eruption or sore on
the organs of generation may be con-
founded with venereal sores ?
3. Describe the varieties of primary
venereal sores commonly met with, their
7S EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Venereal — continued.
probable consequences, and proper treat-
ment.
Vomiting.
1. What are the chief causes of obsti-
nate vomiting in a child, young woman,
man injured, middle aged person, decline
of life, after a surgical operation ?
2. How would you treat a case of ob-
stinate vomiting supposed to depend on
ulceration of the stomach ?
3. Mention some of the principal causes
of vomiting, state how you would dis-
tinguish them, and the remedies you
would use to arrest it.
Wasting.
1. Enumerate the principal diseases
which lead to general wasting of the
body, point out the grounds of diagnosis
between them, explain the relation be-
tween the disease and the wasting.
Worms.
1. Give the names of the round or
hollow worms which infest the human
subject.
2. State the part of the body where
each is found, and the means of prevent-
ing their occurrence.
3. Mention the chief remedies which
may be employed for their expulsion and
Worms — covlin ued.
destruction, and the doses and modes in
which they should be given.
Yellow Fever.
1. Give roughly the altitudinal and
horizontal ranges of yellow fever, with
such exceptions to the general rule as you
may remember.
2. What temperature appears to be
essential for the propagation of the dis-
ease in an epidemic form ?
3. Within the yellow fever zone, is the
coming of an epidemic of that disease
ever preceded by an exceptional state of
health of the inhabitants ? If so, describe
what has been observed, and give any
examples you may remember.
4. Give briefly your opinion on the
contagiousness or otherwise of the disease,
and any facts you may remember bearing
on its propagation.
5. With what diseases is yellow fever
apt to be confounded ?
Zymotic Diseases.
1. What is meant by zymotic dis-
eases ?
2. What are the so-called zymotic dis-
eases of which the contagion or exciting
causes are supposed to be carried by
articles of food or drink ?
VII.
MIDWIFERY.
Abortion.
1. What are the maternal and ovuline
causes of abortion 1
2. Give a description of the latter.
3. What is meant by the term " abor-
tion " ?
4. What are the risks which attend
abortion ?
5. What are the post-mortem signs
which would show that abortion had
taken place a few days before death ?
After-Pains.
1. Describe the symptoms, causes, and
treatment of after-pains.
2. What is meant by the word after-
pains ?
Albuminuria.
1. What is the precise pathological
significance of albuminuria ?
Albuminuria — continued.
2. What signs would lead you to sus-
pect the presence of albuminuria in preg-
nancy ?
3. What treatment would you adopt
in such cases ?
Amenorrhcea.
1. What are the pathological condi-
tions which give rise to amenorrhoea,
and how is it to be dealt with ?
2. Mention the causes, symptoms,
prognosis, and treatment of epileptic
mania with amenorrhoea.
Amnion.
1. Give an account of the amnion, in-
cluding its structure, uses, and mode of
formation.
2. Mention the symptoms which would
indicate dropsy of the amnion.
MIDWIFERY.
79
Ante-Version.
1. What are the symptoms of ante-
version ?
2. What treatment would you adopt ?
Arm Presentation.
1. How is delivery completed in an
arm presentation ?
2. Describe the operation of turning
in a case of arm presentation.
3. Mention the stage of labour at
which it should be performed.
4. State the advantages of bringing
down one or both feet.
Breast.
1. What are the diseases of the female
breast ?
2. When does the secretion of milk
take place from the female breast ?
3. What are the symptoms attendant
thereon ?
4. Describe the affections of the breast
to which women are liable during lacta-
tion, and state how you would treat
them.
Breech.
1. Describe fully the positions and
management of a breech case.
2. What practice would enable us to
bring down a part, approximating in its
measurements to those of the breech,
which cannot be effected in turning
operations ?
3. How would you tell a breech before
the membranes ruptured ?
4. How afterwards ?
5. Mention the risks to mother and
child in a case of breech presentation.
Caesarian Section.
1. Describe the operation of caasarian
section ; indicate the nature of cases
requiring it, and the circumstances regu-
lating the time for operating.
Catheter,
1. In what direction must the catheter
be passed in : partial prolapsus, complete
prolapsus, retroversion, inversion?
Cephalhaematomata.
1. What is the nature, origin, and
treatment of cephalhaematomata ?
Child.
1. What are the principal signs of
maturity in a newly-born child, as re-
gards average weight, eyes, navel, exter-
nal genitals ?
2. How endeavour to resuscitate a
still-born child ?
_ 3. Enumerate the advantages of put-
ting the child early to the breast.
4. How would you advise the bringing
Child — continued.
up of a child : (1) when partly, (2) when
wholly deprived of its mother's milk ?
5. What precautions would you adopt
before advising a woman to suckle her
child ?
Children.
1. What do you know about jaundice
as it affects children ?
2. Enumerate some of the common
forms of the diseases of the scalp in chil-
dren, and their treatment.
3. What is the treatment in the as-
phyxia of new-born children ?
4. What are the ordinary affections of
the mouth in children ?
5. Give the treatment.
Chorion.
1. When is the chorion formed?
2. What is its appearance during the
earliest periods of utero-gestation ?
Convulsions.
1. What are the different forms of
convulsions ?
2. What are the symptoms ?
3. What is the treatment in such cases?
4. Under what class of labours do you
place them ?
5. What are the causes of puerperal
convulsions ?
Corroding Ulcer.
1. What differences are there between
corroding ulcer and cancer of the uterus ?
Craniotomy.
1. What are the antero - posterior
diameters which limit craniotomy ?
2. What symptoms in labour would
oblige you to perform craniotomy ?
3. Give reasons for preferring cranio-
tomy to use of forceps.
4. Describe the operation.
Death.
1. Give the puerperal causes of death
of mother and child.
2. State the symptoms of the death of
the child in utero.
3. How would you diagnose and treat
death of the child after the seventh
month ?
Decidua.
1 . What is the decidua ?
Delivery.
1. Enumerate the chief diseases during
the first week after delivery.
2. Give their chief symptoms and treat-
ment.
3. Trace the successive events in a
case of normal delivery at full time.
4. What would you do in a case of pro-
SO EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Delivery— continued.
fuse flooding-immediately after delivery ;
before the placenta has come away, and
afterwards ?
5. Describe the condition of the uterus
after delivery.
Diagnosis.
l._ Give the diagnosis of: (1) ante-
version of the womb ; (2) ulceration of
the os uteri ; (3) fibrous tumour near the
fundus.
Displacements.
1. Describe the backward displace-
ments of the gravid uterus ; and give
symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and
treatment of a case.
2. Enumerate the displacements of
the uterus.
Distorted Pelvis.
1. What is the nature of distorted
pelvis ?
2. Its effects on labour.
3. Name the diseases which mostly
cause it.
4. What are the most common varieties
of distorted pelvis ?
Dysmenorrhoea.
1. What do you understand by dys-
menorrhoea ?
2. What are the most common causes
and treatment of dysmenorrhoea ?
3. In mechanical dysmenorrhoea, how
are we to widen the cervical uterine
canal efficiently and with the least
risk?
4. Describe the different forms of dys-
menorrhoea, and the morbid changes with
which they are associated.
Embryulcia.
1. Give indications for embryulcia, and
describe the different methods by which
the head may be reduced in size.
Ephemeral Fever.
1. Describe the ephemeral fever of
lying-in women.
Ergot of Eye.
1. Name the circumstances demanding
the use of ergot of rye.
2. How administer it?
3. Mention the various modes in which
ergot of rye has been said to cause the
death of the foetus in utero during labour.
4. What appears to be that most con-
sonant with the physiological action of
the drug and the anatomical structure
of the uterus ?
5. Name the circumstances in labour
that absolutely contra-indicate the ergot
of rye.
Evisceration.
1. Describe the operation of eviscera-
tion.
Evolution.
1. Describe the process of spontaneous
evolution.
2. Under what circumstances does it
take place ?
_ 3. What are the duties of the obstetri-
cian in these cases ?
Extra-Uterine.
1. What are the varieties and symp-
toms of extra-uterine pregnancy ?
Face.
1. Distinguish between a face and
breech presentation.
2. How diagnose the former ?
3. What mistake it for ?
4. How conduct it ?
5. Describe the course of the head
through pelvis.
Flooding.
1. What are the chief causes of flood-
ing during and after labour ?
2. How are such cases to be treated ?
3. A married woman not having men-
struated for three months, suffered from a
severe attack of flooding, for which she was
examined. The os uteri felt soft and
pulpy, and was slightly patulous, though
not sufficiently so to admit the point of
the finger beyond the internal os; the ute-
rus was reaching midway between pubes
and umbilicus. What was the probable
condition of the patient ? State the rea-
son for your opinion, and what line of
treatment would you adopt ?
Foetal Circulation.
1. Describe the foetal circulation, and
the changes which take place after the
birth of the child.
2. Describe the foetal circulation in the
liver, and contrast it with that in the
adult.
Foetus.
1. How is the heat of the fcetus main-
tained in utero ?
2. How is it produced and maintained
after birth ?
3. Describe the relations of the amnion,
chorion, decidua, to the foetus in the
human subject.
4. How does a fcetus at the seventh
month of pregnancy differ from one at
the ninth month ?
5. How would you tell if a fcetus were
at full term, and if it had been born alive ?
Footling Case.
1. Give the mechanism of the deliver}'
MIDWIFERY.
81
Footling Case — continued.
of the head in a footling case, back an-
teriorly.
Forceps.
1. When are the forceps required, and
the precautions necessary ?
2. State the conditions in which you
would prefer the long to the short for-
ceps.
Gestation.
1. What is the ordinary term of ges-
tation in the human female, and what
may be the deviations from it ?
2. What are the symptoms, termina-
tions, and treatment of tubal gestation ?
3. What are the auscultatory evidences
of gestation, and what may be the im-
port attachable to each ?
Haemorrhage.
1. Define accidental and unavoidable
haemorrhage.
2. What precautions would you adopt
to prevent it ?
3. What are the conditions which give
rise to haemorrhage in the unimpregnated
uterus ?
4. What do you understand by internal
haemorrhage in midwifery practice ?
5. How would you recognise and treat
it?
Hydatid.
1. Describe the nature and symptoms
of the hydatid mole.
Hymen.
1. What is the hymen ?
2. Give its abnormal deviations.
3. How far can reliance be placed on
the existence of the hymen as a proof of
chastity ?
Inertia.
1. What are the chief causes and treat-
ment of inertia of the uterus during
labour ?
Infantile.
1. What are the causes, symptoms,
prognosis, and modes of treatment in (1)
infantile convulsions; (2) infantile paraly-
sis ; (3) infantile syphilis ; (4) infantile
remittent fever : (5) infantile gastric
fever ; ( 6) infantile diarrhoea ; (7) in-
fantile collapse of the lung ?
2. How would you treat suspended
animation in infants ?
Inversion.
1. Give the diagnosis between inver-
sion of the uterus ; (2) prolapsus ; (3)
polypus.
2. What is the condition of the vagina
in inversion of the uterus ?
Inversion — continued.
3. What are the symptoms of chronic
inversion of the uterus ?
4. Give the causes and treatment of
inversion of the uterus in its acute and
in its chronic forms.
Labour.
1. What do you mean by a natural
labour ?
2. Describe the phenomena of the
second stage of labour.
3. Mention the premonitory symptoms
of labour.
4. What are the dangers to be guarded
against during the last stage of labour ?
5. State the management in the third
stage of labour.
Leucorrhoea.
1. What is leucorrhoea, and its symp-
toms?
2. State the causes which give rise to
it, and treatment.
Mai-Presentation.
1. Describe the various forms of mal-
presentation in their order of frequency,
and say what plan of treatment you would
adopt in each.
Mania.
1. Describe acute mania in adult
women, and the treatment.
Menorrhagia.
1. Definition of menorrhagia, various
forms, treatment under different circum-
stances.
2. Enumerate the causes of menor-
rhagia.
3. Give the treatment for severe me-
norrhagia during the attack, and in the
intervals, where there is no organic mis-
chief.
Menstruation.
1. What is the condition of the uterus,
fallopian tubes and ovaria during men-
struation, with the post-mortem exami-
nation of a woman dying during men-
struation ?
2. What are the chief causes and treat-
ment of suppressed menstruation ?
3. Explain what is meant by the func-
tion of menstruation, and also the phjTsio-
logical actions and changes which take
place from the commencement to the
termination of one menstrual period.
4. Contrast the corpus luteum of preg-
nancy with that of menstruation.
Milk.
1. Is an abundant supply of milk an
indication that it is good in quality ?
2. Describe a case of so-calledmilkfever.
82 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Milk — continued.
3. What treatment would you adopt
where the secretion of milk was excessive,
and its flow impeded ?
Morning Sickness.
1 . What do you mean by morning sick-
ness?
2. Why is it so called ?
3. How treat it ?
Obstruction.
1. State what is known concerning
obstruction of the arteries, in connection
with the puerperal state.
Ovarian Cyst.
1. Describe the early indications of the
presence of an ovarian cyst.
2. Give an account of the structure of
tbe ovarian cyst, of the progress of its
growth, and of the evil effects it produces.
3. By what symptoms may an ovarian
cyst be distinguished from ascites de-
pendent on diseased liver, or from a
fibrous tumour of the uterus 1
Ovarian Dropsy.
1. Describe Ovarian dropsy.
2. Give the diagnosis between preg-
nancy, fibrous tumour, ascites, and ova-
rian dropsy.
3. Describe the chief modes of treat-
ment of ovarian dropsy, and the condi-
tions in which they may be respectively
resorted to.
Ovarian Tumour.
1. What are the forms of ovarian
tumour ?
2. What are the chief diagnostic symp-
toms of ovarian tumour ?
3. Diagnosis between ovarian tumour
and uterine.
4. Give the diagnosis and management
of alabour impeded by an ovarian tumour.
Ovariotomy.
1. Describe the operation of ovario-
tomy.
2. When to be recommended.
3. What cases may be best selected for
ovariotomy ?
Pains.
1 . What do you mean by true pains ?
2. What by false pains ?
3. Describe the causes of the latter.
4. How treat them ?
Parturition.
1. Mention the different classifications
of parturition.
2. Enumerate the indications of recent
parturition in the living female, state
their comparative value, and the causes
that may frustrate your investigation.
Parturition— continued.
3. From what causes may foetal life be
imperilled during parturition ?
Pelvic.
1. What are the symptoms and treat-
ment of pelvic abscess after parturition ?
2. State the symptoms, diagnosis, and
treatment of pelvic cellulitis.
3. How do such cases generally ter-
minate ?
4. Give the site, symptoms, and man-
agement of pelvic hsematoma.
5. State what degrees of pelvic con-
traction respectively justify our having
recourse to the following operations : cra-
niotomy, caesarian section, forceps, induc-
tion of premature labour, podalic version.
Pelvis.
1. Point out the distinctions between
the male and female osseous pelvis.
2. Give the average dimensions of each
outlet in the two sexes.
3 . What are the normal diameters of
the adult female pelvis ?
4. What size would you consider too
small for the natural delivery of a full-
grown child ?
5. What would you do in the case of
a woman with a contracted pelvis be-
coming pregnant ?
Perforating.
1 . What are the indications for per-
forating the child's head, and the rules
for performing this operation ?
2. Describe the operation of perfora-
tion, and the different perforators most
commonly used.
Phlegmasia Dolens.
1. What is the phlegmasia dolens ?
2. When does it usually come on ?
3. How treat it ?
4. What is its pathology ?
5. Could you diagnose between phleg-
masia dolens and dropsy ?
Placenta.
1. What symptoms during the latter
months of pregnancy would lead you to
suspect the existence of placenta prfevia,
and how would you detect it ?
2. Describe the structure, uses, dis-
eases of the placenta, and its mode of
connection with the uterus.
3. What is the treatment of placenta
prsevia, at the full time, with considera-
ble bleeding and dilated mouth ?
4. How would you detect and remove
a retained placenta from inertia of the
uterus ?
5. What is placenta previa ?
MIDWIFERY.
83
Placental.
1. What is the placental souffle, and
where is it generally heard ?
Plural.
1. Describe the mechanism and man-
agement of plural births.
Polypus.
1. State the varieties, seat, structure,
symptoms, consequences, and treatment
of polypus of the uterus.
Positions.
1. What are the four varieties of head
positions in labour?
2. Which is the most impracticable,
and why ?
3. Give the diagnosis of a head in the
third position, describe the modes in
which the head is expelled, and state the
conditions which determine the one mode
or the other.
Poultices.
1. Describe all the poultices which
may be used in lying-in cases.
Powerless Labour.
1. What are the symptoms of power-
less labour ?
Precipitate Labour.
1. Enumerate the sources of danger
to mother and child in precipitate
labour.
Pregnancy.
1. What are the signs of pregnancy
and when available for diagnosis ?
2. What are the chief disorders occur-
ing in its course, and their treatment ?
3. What is the difference between
hydatid and ordinary pregnancy.
4. What different forms of molar
pregnancy are observed ?
5. Enumerate the changes in the
breast produced by pregnancy.
Pregnant.
1. Describe at length the course of
investigation you would adopt if you
were called upon to examine a patient
suspected of being pregnant, but who re-
fused to give any information.
2. Enumerate the different diseases of
the genital organs in pregnant women.
Premature Labour.
1. Under what circumstances would
you bring on premature labour ?
2. Describe the various ways in which
it may be effected.
3. State the advantages and dis-
advantages of each.
Presentation.
1. In presentation of the cord, what
are the circumstances which would direct
Presentation— continued.
you either to leave the case to nature, to
apply the forceps, or to turn the child ?
2. In a case of funis presentation,
state the causes, and describe the treat-
ment which has been recommended for
the safety of the child.
3. Describe the diagnosis, dangers,
and treatment of a case of shoulder
presentation.
4. What is meant by a transverse pre-
sentation ?
5. What are the varieties of transverse
presentation of the foetus ?
Pressure.
1. What female disorders arise from
pressure ?
Preternatural Labour.
1. Define preternatural labour.
Prolapse of Funis.
1. Explain the various ways which
may be adopted for replacing the pro-
lapse of the funis.
2. Give the management of a labour
complicated with prolapse of the funis.
3. How soon may you be able to dis-
cover a case of prolapse of the funis ?
4. Under what circumstances is pro-
lapse of the funis likely to occur ?
Prolapse of Uterus.
1. What is the condition of the uterus
and adjacent parts in prolapse of the
uterus ?
2. What is the difference between the
effects produced by partial, and those pro-
duced by complete prolapse of the uterus?
3. Give the causes and treatment of
prolapse of the uterus.
Protracted Labour.
1. Give the causes of protracted labour,
on the part of the child, and the manage-
ment of a case delayed by hydrocephalus
of the infant.
Pruritus Vulvae.
1. What are the symptoms, causes,
and treatment of pruritus vulvae ?
Pseudo-Pregnancy.
1. What is the enlargement in pseudo-
pregnancy ?
Puerperal Eclampsia.
1. What is known of the pathology of
puerperal eclampsia ?
2. What are the predisposing and ex-
citing causes of puerperal eclampsia ?
Puerperal Fever.
1. Describe a case of puerperal fever.
2. What precautions ought to be taken
by persons who practise in puerperal
fever ?
81 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Puerperal Fever — continued.
3. Enumerate the various forms.
4. Describe malignant puerperal fever ;
its symptoms, morbid appearances, and
treatment.
Puerperal Mania.
1. What are the characters by which
you would distinguish puerperal mania
from hysteria, and from other temporary
deviations from sound mind ?
2. Give the symptoms, treatment, and
supposed causes of puerperal mania.
Eecent Delivery.
1. Describe the signs of recent de-
livery, both in the living and in the
dead.
Retention.
1. Under what circumstances does re-
tention of urine occur in the adult
female ?
Retroversion.
1. What is the condition of the vagina
in retroversion of uterus ?
2. What is the most frequent cause of
retroversion of uterus ?
3. Mention the treatment you would
adopt.
4. What is the difference between
retroversion, inversion, prolapsus, polypus,
retro-flexion ?
5. What are the symptoms of retro-
version of uterus ?
Rigid.
1. Give the various forms, causes, and
treatment of rigid os uteri, in a healthy
woman during labour at the full term.
Rupture.
1. Under what circumstances is it
justifiable to rupture the membranes ?
Ruptured.
1. What are the symptoms of ruptured
uterus ?
2. Circumstances underwhich it occurs.
3. Post-mortem appearances.
4. What treatment would you advise ?
5. Describe fully the nature, causes,
and treatment of ruptured perineum
during parturition.
Sterility.
1. Mention the causes of sterility in
the female which are incurable.
Symphyseotomy.
1. Describe the operation of symphy-
seotomy, and give an opinion as to its
utility.
Tumour.
1. Describe the pathology and treat-
ment of fibroid tumour of the uterus.
2. State the diagnosis between fibrous
Tumour — continued.
tumour of the uterus ; malignant tumour,
and ovarian dropsy.
3. Describe the anatomical characters
of fibrous tumour, and changes produced
by it.
4. What are the symptoms of fibrous
tumour of the uterus ?
Turning.
1. Enumerate the cases in which
turning is necessary.
2. State the modes in which the opera-
tion is performed.
3. What are the dangers, and the
most appropriate means for obviating
them ?
4. What conditions interfere with its
accomplishment, and say how you would
endeavour to overcome them ?
Twin.
1. What are the symptoms in twin
cases ?
2. How treat a case of twins ?
3. The means of diagnosis.
4. Describe the dispositions of the
foetal membranes which occur in cases
of twins.
TJnimpregnated.
1. What are the causes, symptoms,
diagnosis, mode of treatment of displace-
ments of the unimpregnated uterus ?
2. What means do we possess where-
with to dilate the os and cervix in the
unimpregnated condition ?
Uterine.
1. Define peri uterine hematocele.
2. Give the diagnosis between uterine
and vaginal leucorrhoea.
3. Name the functions of the uterine
system.
4. What information is gained in
uterine diagnosis by the sense of touch,
unaided ; or aided by the sound, tent,
and exploring-needle ?
5. Describe the various uses of the
uterine sound, the mode of its introduc-
tion, with the caution to be observed,
and the nature of the information to be
derived from its employment in various
cases.
Uterus.
1. Describe the changes consequent
on impregnation which take place in the
uterus, in regard to its form, size, posi-
tion, and the structure of its middle coat.
2. Mention the inflammatory diseases
of the titerus.
3. For what affections may they be
mistaken ?
PHYSICS.
85
Ut erus — continued.
4. What treatment would you adopt ?
5. Give their pathological conditions
and terminations.
Version.
1. What is version ?
2. What part of the child would you
feel for, and why ?
Version — continued.
3. Describe the method of performing
podalic version.
4. Describe bi-manual version.
Vesico-Vaginal.
1. What are the causes of vesico-
vaginal fistula, the treatment, and.
instruments required?
VIII.
PHYSICS.
Acceleration.
1. Define uniform acceleration, and
find the distance described from rest,
with a uniform acceleration in a given
time.
2. Define acceleration, and distinguish
carefully between acceleration in magni-
tude and acceleration in direction.
Achromatic.
1. Explain the principles of achromatic
glasses.
2. Describe the structure of the com-
pound achromatic microscope.
3. How may an achromatic image of
an object be obtained by means of a lens ?
Air.
1. What is the composition of atmos-
pheric air, and how would you determine
the quantity of oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbonic dioxide in a given quantity ?
2. How may the amount of aqueous
vapour in the air be determined ?
3. Of what gases does common air
consist, and in what proportion are they
present ?
4. Give the specific gravity of each.
Artesian.
1. What is an artesian well ?
2. What is the difference between a
common and an artesian well ?
Asia.
1. Give a sketch of the physical geo-
graphy of Asia ; its great ranges of moun-
tains, and the course of its principal
rivers.
Atmosphere.
1. What is the composition of the
atmosphere when fairly pure ?
2. Why does it vary in density at dif-
ferent elevations ?
Aurora.
1. Describe the phenomena of the
aurora borealis, and state what is sup-
posed to be its cause.
Balance.
1. What are the requisites of a good
balance ?
2. What is meant by the sensibility of
a balance ?
Basalt.
1. What kind of rock is basalt 1
2. Give an account of the basalt rocks
of Britain.
Boiling.
1. What is the boiling-point of a liquid?
2. Upon what does the temperature of
the boiling-point of a given liquid de-
pend?
Calorimeter.
1. What is meant by a calorimeter ?
2. Describe Favre and Silbermann's
calorimeter.
Canal.
1. Investigate the time required to
empty a canal-lock.
Centre.
1. How could the position of the centre
of gravity be found practically in a flat
piece of wood of irregular shape ?
2. Define the centre of pressure, and
deduce the equation for determining its
position.
3. Give a general method of finding the
centre of pressure of a fluid on a plane
area.
4. What is meant by the centre of
pressure on a surface immersed in a
liquid ?
5. Define the term " centre of gravity "
of a body.
S6 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Chalk.
1. How do calc-spar, marble, and
quicklime differ chemically, and in their
external properties?
2. What is chalk geologically and
physically ?
3. How is it supposed to have been
produced 1
4. What is the microscopical structure
of chalk ?
5. What is the generally received ex-
planation of its formation ?
Clay.
1. What is clay slate ?
2. To what class of rocks is it re-
ferred ?
3. To what cause do you attribute the
clea vage of clay slate ?
Climate.
1. What differences exist in the climate
of the east coast of North America, and
the west coast of Europe, and how are
they to be explained ?
2. Explain the difference between an
inbular and continental climate.
3. Explain the effect of vegetation on
the climate of a country.
4. How does it appear that the con-
version of a swamp, or a low lying damp
piece of ground, into a lake, would add to
the dryness of the climate of the sur-
rounding district ?
Coil.
1. Define the action of a Euhmkorff's
coil.
2. Describe the construction and action
of the induction coil.
3. Why are the discharges of an
induction coil obtained in a single
direction instead of in opposite direc-
tions ?
Condenser.
1. Describe the form and action of the
condenser.
2. Describe the electrostatic capacity
of a condenser.
Connection.
1. What are connection currents ?
Densities.
1. Arrange the following substances in
the order of their densities : copper, gold,
hydrogen, lead, mercury, oxygen, silver.
2. What law holds in an elastic fluid
with respect to its density ?
3. What is meant by the mean density
of a body ?
Dielectric.
1. What is meant by the specific in-
ductive capacity of a dielectric ?
Diving.
1. Describe the diving-bell, its con-
struction and use.
Earth.
1. What is the position of the earth in
the solar system, its distance from the
sun, its diameter, and the nature of its
orbit ?
2. Define a meridian of the earth.
3. How is the internal heat of the
earth proved ?
4. What are the phenomena connected
with earthquakes, and how have they
been explained ?
Eclipse.
1. What are the distinctive phenomena
of a total eclipse of the sun ?
2. Explain how a solar eclipse is
caused.
3. When does a lunar eclipse take
place ?
Electrical.
1. State the principle of Grammes's
magneto-electrical machine.
2. Explain the structure of an elec-
^ trical machine, and its action.
3. Explain the principle of the electri-
cal machine of Carre.
4. Give the theory of Holt's electrical
machine.
Electro.
1. Explain what is meant by electro-
lysis.
2. What are the substances decompos-
able by its action ?
3. What is an electro-magnet ?
4. How is it constructed ?
5. Define electro-motive force.
England.
1. Give a sketch of the tertiary forma-
tions in England.
2. Enumerate as many places you can
in England having a population of over
100,000.
Engine.
1. Explain the distinction between a
high pressure and low pressure engine.
2. To which class, condensing and non-
condensing, does a railway locomotive
belong ?
3. Describe the construction and use
of a common fire engine.
4. Explain the method of reversing an
engine when fitted with a single eccentric.
5. Give the theory of the single-acting
engine.
Equator.
1. Why are the seasons reversed
opposite sides of the equator ?
PHYSICS.
87
E quator— continued.
2. Show that places situated on the
equator have days and nights of equal
duration throughout the year.
3. What is, the mean temperature of
the air at the equator ?
Ethyl.
1. What is ethyl?
2. Write its formula.
Felspar.
1. Write the formula of felspar, and
give the successive steps of its analysis.
Flame.
1. What constitutes flame ; and on
what does its illuminating power depend ?
Force.
1. Explain clearly what is meant by
centrifugal force.
2. What is meant by a uniformly
accelerating force ?
3. What especially distinguishes the
chemical from other molecular force ?
4. Define the term force.
5. Explain what is meant by the prin-
ciple of the transmission of force.
Forest.
1. In what regions of the earth are
forests most abundant ?
2. What is their influence on climate,
on health, on temperature, on rainfall ?
Fossil.
1. What is meant by a fossil ?
2. Give a list of characteristic upper
silurian fossils.
3. What kinds of fossils are found in
the old red sandstones of Scotland ?
4. How are fossils made use of in
geology ?
Freezing'.
1. Can water be reduced in tempera-
ture below the freezing point without
freezing ?
2. Explain the principle on which the
employmentof freezing mixtures is based?
3. What are the chief freezing mix-
tures commonly used ?
Galvanic.
1. Describe the structure of a simple
galvanic battery, and give its rationale.
2. What is meant by the electro-motive
force of a galvanic battery ?
3. Construct a galvanic pile, and give
the rationale of its action.
Galvanometer.
1. Explain the principle of the tangent
galvanometer.
2. Explain the mode of graduating a
galvanometer, to be used with a Nobilis'
pile to study radiant heat.
Gas.
1. What are the laws which connect
the volume of a gas with its density and
temperature respectively ?
2. Give the law which connects the
refractive index of a given gas with its
density.
3. Distinguish between a fluid and a
gas.
Geological.
1. Give a tabular statement of the
principal geological formations on the
earth, in their order of succession, and
state briefly the position of each in Great
Britain.
2. Describe the geological action of a
river.
Glacial.
1. What is meant by the glacial epoch
in geology ?
2. Explain what you consider to be
the best theory of the recurrence of the
glacial epoch.
Glacier.
1. What traces of the action of a
glacier are found on the earth when
they are not found ?
2. What is a glacier?
3. How is it formed ?
4. How does it move ?
Gravitation.
1. State Newton's law of universal
gravitation.
Gulf.
1 . Give an account of the causes and
course of the gulf stream.
2. How does it affect the climate of
Britain ?
Hardness.
1. What is meant by the scale of hard-
ness, and how is it used ?
Harmonic.
1 . What are simple harmonic vibrations ?
Horse -power.
1. What is the technical value of a
horse-power.
2. Calculate the horse-power of a con-
densing engine.
Hyalus.
1. Give the characters of the genus
hyalus, and mention the varieties of
rhomboidal quartz.
Hydraulic.
1. Explain the principle and working
of the hydraulic press.
Hydrometer.
1. Describe Nicholson's hydrometer,
and explain how it is used for taking the
specific gravities of solid bodies.
SS EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Hydrostatic.
1. Explain the principle of the hydro-
static press.
2. Describe the hydrostatic balance,
and show how to compare by means of it
the specific gravities of a solid and a
liquid, the former being specifically lighter
than the hitter.
Ice.
1. How is ice prepared artificially ?
2. Describe the geological work of ice
in its different forms.
3. What is the chief sanitary objection
to the practice of scattering salt on the
pavement when it is covered with ice or
snow ?
4. Upon what physical fact does this
objection depend ?
Indefinite Increase.
1. What is the main obstacle to inde-
finite increase ?
Inertia.
1. Explain clearly what you understand
by the inertia of matter.
2. Define " moment of inertia."
3. Eind the moment of inertia of a
cylinder about one of its generating lines.
Iron.
1. What are the principal ores of iron
in Britain ?
2. Explain the process of the extrac-
tion of the metal, and the difference be-
tween cast-iron, malleable iron, and
steel.
3. Give an account of the different
kinds of cast-iron used in making ma-
chines.
Isothermal.
1. What are isothermal lines ?
Jar.
1. What is a Ley den jar, and how is it
charged with an induction coil ?
2. State the laws of electric charge ?
3. What is a unit jar 1
4. How is it used ?
5. Define the unit jar of electric re-
sistance.
Kaleidoscope.
1. Explain the principles made use of
in the construction of a kaleidoscope,
landslip.
1. Describe the nature and causes of a
landslip,
latitude.
1. What are the various methods em-
ployed in determining the latitude and
longitude of a place ?
2. Explain the terms latitude and
longitude.
Lens.
1. Describe the forms of a lens now
commonly used in lighthouses.
2. Define a lens.
3. Describe the different kinds of lenses.
4. Define the optical centre of a lens,
and determine its position.
5. Explain the action of a convex lens.
Lever.
1. Explain the action of the different
kinds of lever.
2. Give instances of each.
Light.
1. Describe the experiment which shows
that the velocity of light in water is less
than the velocity in air.
_ 2. State the law of the propagation of
light from one medium into another.
3. What are the effects of the complete
and continued withdrawal of light from a
growing plant ?
4. Describe and explain the phenomena
known as interference of light.
5. What is meant by the aberration of
light ?
Liquid.
1. Define a liquid.
2. Show that the surface of a liquid at
rest is a horizontal plane.
3. What is meant by the spheroidal
state of a liquid ?
4. What is meant by a volatile
liquid ?
5. What is meant by the absolute, and
what by the apparent, expansion of a
liquid ?
Locomotive.
1 . Find the speed of a locomotive whose
weight is 30 tons, and the evaporation one
cubic foot per minute.
2. Show how to determine the pressure
of steam in the cylinders of a locomotive.
Machine.
1. What is meant by the efficiency of
a machine?
2. Describe the electrifying machine,
and give the rationale of its construction
and action.
Magnet.
1. Describe the action of one magnet
upon another.
2. Define the magnetic moment of a
magnet.
3. What do you understand by the
polarity of a magnet ?
Magnetic.
1. Describe the two methods by which
the magnetic meridian maybe determined
by means of the dip needle.
PHYSICS.
89
Magnetic — continued.
2. What is meant by the magnetic
meridian of a place ?
3. Explain what is meant by magnetic
storms.
4. What is magnetic dip, and how is it
measured ? . .
5. Describe the method of obtaining
the earth's magnetic force.
Magnetism.
1. On what theory may the pheno-
mena of magnetism be accounted
for?
2. What is meant by the term " induc-
tion of magnetism V
Mechanical.
1. How many mechanical powers are
there ?
2. Name them.
3. Why are they called mechanical
powers ?
4. Why is the assistance gained by
them limited ?
Metals.
1. Divide the metals into groups, ac-
cording to their action upon water or
water- vapour.
Microscope.
1. Explain the principle of the micro-
scope.
Mineral.
1. Describe the most common features
of a mineral vein, and explain how it is
distinguished from a dyke.
2. What are the mineralogical cha-
racters of amber, diamond, felspar,
granite, hornblende, jet, mica, quartz,
slate, talc?
3. Enumerate the conditions under
which certain minerals exhibit electrical
phenomena.
4. What influence is exercised upon
the distribution and civilization of man
by the various circumstances of the com-
position and arrangement of the strata
and other mineral masses ?
5. Name the three minerals that com-
bine to form granite.
Moon.
1. Account for the phenomenon popu-
larly called the harvest-moon.
Motion.
1. Define motion.
2. Enuntiate Newton's three laws of
motion, and give examples of each.
3. Enuntiate the law of motion which
states the effect which a force produces
on a body in motion.
4. What is the immediate cause of
Motion — continued.
fluid motion, and what are usually the
secondary causes ?
5. Define energy, and distinguish
between energy of pocition and of
motion.
Needle.
1. Describe the astatic needle.
Noise.
1. How is a musical note distinguished
from a noise ?
Ocean.
1. What is the present state of our
knowledge of the depth of the ocean, and
the inequalities of its bottom ?
2. Give an account of the principal
oceanic currents.
3. State in what manner and to what
extent they influence the climate of the
great continents.
Oolitic.
1. Give an account of the oolitic flora
of Britain.
2. In what period would you class the
oolitic rocks.
Optics.
1. Distinguish between geometrical
and physical optics.
Oscillation.
1. Define the axis of oscillation.
Piesometer.
1. Describe Oeisted's piesometer, and
its uses,
Pressure.
1. Two rafters, making an angle of
120°, support a gasalier weighing 1 cwt. ;
what is the pressure along each rafter ?
2. Prove that the pressure of fluids at
rest is the same in all directions.
3. How do you measure the pressure
at any point in a fluid ?
Pump.
1. Explain the construction of the
common water-pump.
2. Why is there a limit to the height
to which it will raise water ?
3. Describe the operation of the pump.
4. Describe the construction and action
of Smeaton's air-pump.
5. Explain the several causes which
limit the action of an air-pump, and
describe the various kinds of pumps.
Pulley.
1. Define the three systems of pulley,
and find the relation between the power
and the weight in the third system, when
the weights of the pulley are taken into
account.
2. Explain the actions of the pulley.
6
90 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Pendulum.
1. What is meant by a simple pendu-
lum? 1
2. Investigate the formula for the time
of vibration of the simple pendulum.
Quicklime.
1 . Ho w do marble and quicklime differ
chemically ?
Rainbow.
1. Explain the formation of the rain-
bow, and why the colours of the primary
and secondary bows are in a reverse
order.
2. Give Newton's theory of the rain-
bow, and calculate the altitude of the
centre of the arch.
Sain-Fall.
1. What rain-fall does a fall of six
inches of snow represent ?
2. State the annual rain-fall in dif-
ferent parts of the United Kingdom,
and the causes to which the great ob-
served differences have been attributed.
Eain-Gauge.
1. Describe the construction of a com-
mon rain-gauge.
2. What practical points should be
attended to in placing and setting up a
rain-guage ?
Refraction.
1. What is meant by the refraction of
light?
2. What is its effect on the position
of a star ?
Sock.
1. What rock consists of quartz, fel-
spar, and mica ?
2. How does it weather ?
3. Explain the process.
4. What is meant by a stratified rock ?
5. What are the general divisions of the
rocks composing the crust of the earth ?
Socket.
1. Explain briefly why the ignition of
the composition within the body of a
rocket causes it to move.
Sea.
1. Trace the action of the sea in pro-
ducing a cliff.
2. Explain the cause of land and sea-
breezes.
Seasons.
1. What is the cause of the change of
seasons, and of the differences in the
length of day and night at different
seasons ?
Sextant.
1. Describe Halley's sextant, and the
mode of using it.
Solar.
1. What is the solar spectrum ?
2. Describe carefully how you would
proceed to obtain a pure solar spectrum.
3. Why is the light admitted through
a narrow slit ?
4. Describe an arrangement by which
the lines of the solar spectrum may be
seen through a telescope.
5. Give an account of the solar system,
stating the number and relative size of
the planets, their distance from the sun,
and the length of their orbits.
Sound.
1. Give a sketch of the phenomena of
sound.
2. State Newton's law for the velocity
of sound in air.
3. How is the velocity of sound in air
ascertained experimentally ?
4. Upon what does the velocity of
sound depend, and why ?
5. Explain how the velocity of sound
has been measured.
Steam.
1. How is the latent heat of steam
found ?
2. Give some account of the history of
the steam-engine.
3. Calculate the formula for the rela-
tive volume of steam.
4. Eind the useful effect in a steam-
engine.
Steel-Yard.
1. Describe the common steel-yard,
and show how to graduate it.
Sympiesometer.
1. Describe the sympiesometer, explain-
ing the principles involved in its action.
Syphon.
1. Explain the action of the syphon.
2. How does this action account for
the phenomena of intermitting springs ?
Telegraph.
1. Explain the principle of the electric-
telegraph.
2. Show how to connect up and work
a pair of needle-telegraphs.
3. Show how a fault in a telegraph-
wire will affect the signal most when it
occurs near the middle of the line.
Telescope.
1. Describe the Galilean telescope.
2. What is meant by an achromatic
telescope ?
3. Give a description of the astronomical
telescope.
4. Describe the various adjustments of
the transit telescope.
/'IfYSICS.
ill
Temperature.
1. Define temperature.
2. When are bodies said to have the
same temperature ?
Thermo-Dynamics.
1. Explain what is meant in thermo-
dynamics, (1) by a cycle of operations ;
(2) a reversible cycle.
2. State the second law of thermo-
dynamics, in any of its forms.
Thermo-Electric.
1 . What kind of coil should be used for
detecting feeble thermo-electric currents?
2. Explain the construction and use of
the thermo-electric pile.
3. What is meant by a thermo-electric
current ?
4. What is meant by thermo-electricity ?
5. What is its most important practical
application ?
Thermoscope.
1. Describe Eumford's thermoscope.
Tides.
1. "What is the nature, and what are
the causes of the tides ?
2. How is their great variation at
different periods, and in different places,
explained ?
3. Explain the phenomena of spring
and neap tides.
Trade Winds.
1. What are trade winds ?
2. Where do the trade winds blow ?
3. Explain their cause.
4. What is their direction ?
Transit.
1. What is the peculiar importance of
a transit of Venus ?
2. Show how the sun's parallax may
be obtained by means of a transit of
Venus.
3. With which (a solar or lunar eclipse)
would you compare a transit of Venus,
and why ?
4. Describe a transit instrument.
Twilight.
1. Explain the phenomenon of twilight.
2. Eind the time of year when twilight
is shortest.
Vapour.
1. What are the sensible properties of
vapour ?
2. Explain the methods of finding the
densities of a vapour.
3. Describe Regnault's apparatus for
determining the pressure of vapour of
water at different temperatures.
Velocity.
1. Define velocity ; and explain the
expression angular velocity.
2. Define uniform velocity.
3. How do you express a velocity of 1G
feet per second in yards per hour ?
Vernier.
1. What is the use of the Vernier in
reading philosophical instruments ?
2. How is it constructed ?
Volcanic.
1. What is the cause of volcanic
action?
2. Give a general account of the dis-
tribution of regions of volcanic action
on the earth's surface.
3. Describe the more important pro-
ducts of volcanic action ; and show the
part which each plays in eruption.
Volcano.
1. What is a volcano?
2. Describe its products.
Voltaic.
1. Describe the voltaic battery in its
simplest form.
2. State the causes of the enfeeblement
of the current in the voltaic battery.
3. Describe a voltaic pile ; and give
the rationale of its action.
4. In an insulated voltaic pile, how is
electricity distributed at the two ends, and
in the middle ?
Watch.
1. Describe the fusee in a watch.
2. Describe fully the lever escapement
as applied in a watch.
3. Sketch and describe the piece of
mechanism employed for preventing the
over-winding of a watch.
Weight.
1. Define the term weight, and explain
how it is measured numerically.
2. What is the relation of the power
to the weight, on a smooth inclined plane?
Wheels.
1. What are spur wheels, and for what
purpose are they used ?
2. What are the usual forms for the
teeth of wheels ?
Work Done.
1. How is work done expressed ?
2. Calculate the work done by the
evaporation of 1 lb. of water.
Years.
1. Define the tropical, siderial, and
anomalistic years, and compare their
lengths.
6—2
92 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
IX.
SURGERY.
Abdomen.
1. What complications may accompany
an apparently simple stab of the abdo-
men, two inches to the right of the um-
bilicus ; and what would be the imme-
diate appropriate treatment, according to
the circumstances of the case ?
2. In wounds of the abdomen, what
are the symptoms which would lead you
to conclude that the (1) stomach ; (2)
spleen ; (3) intestine ; (4) kidney ; (5)
abdomen, is penetrated or ruptured ?
3. Describe the treatment of each in-
jury.
4. Describe wounds of the abdomen :
contused, punctured, and incised. Men-
tion those parts most liable to be in-
jured ; the chief dangers attending these
wounds ; and give the treatment, general
ancl local, according to the seat, nature,
and extent of the wound.
Abscess.
1. Give a list of the various instru-
ments which might be required in an
operation for trephining a deep-seated
abscess in head of tibia. Describe par-
ticularly the trephine used in such cases.
2. Contrast epiphysary abscess with
abscess of the medullary canal.
3. Describe the symptoms of abscess of
bone.
4. What is the more common seat of
such an abscess, and the treatment to
be adopted in a suspected case ?
5. What is lumbar abscess ?
Abscesses.
1. State any rules that you would
generally observe in regard to the open-
ing of certain abscesses as soon as the
presence of pus is ascertained, and the
leaving of others till they point, or spon-
taneously discharge.
2. What abscesses require to be opened
at a very early period ?
3. Enumerate the situations in which
foetid abscesses are met with.
4. Name the abscesses best adapted
for being opened with caustic potass.
Accommodation.
1. What is accommodation of the eye?
2. Give proofs of its existence.
3. State the changes in the eye during
Accommodation — continued.
the act of accommodation, and the
methods by which they are ascertained.
4. Mention also the most probable ex-
planation of its mechanism, and the evi-
dence on which the explanation is founded.
5. What changes can be ascertained
by direct observation to take place within
the eye when we accommodate for near
and for distant vision ?
Amaurosis.
1. In amaurosis, what are the various
ophthalmoscopic appearances ?
2. Describe the general appearances
and ocular symptoms usually met with in
a case of cerebral amaurosis.
Amputation.
Make a list of instruments and mate-
rials for the first dressings required for
amputation above the knee.
2. What diseases and accidents call for
amputation at the shoulder- joint ?
3. What advantages are claimed for
the supracondyloid amputation of the
femur ?
4. Describe the operation of amputa-
tion of the foot, at the ankle-joint, pre-
serving the skin of the heel.
5. Name the structures divided in the
operation.
Anchylosis.
1. What is meant by anchylosis ?
2. What varieties of anchylosis are
there ?
3. What structural conditions do these
depend upon ?
4. How is incomplete anchylosis re-
medied.
5. From what causes does anchylosis
arise ?
Aneurism.
1 . Describe the process of formation of
an aneurism.
2. Mention the methods of treat-
ment.
3. Give the pathology of non-trauma-
tic aneurism, from its commencement to
its termination.
4. What forms of aneurism occur at
the bend of the elbow ?
5. Describe the differences between
them.
SURGERY.
93
Antrum.
1. To what diseases is the antrum
maxillare liable ?
2. Describe their respective anatomi-
cal characters.
3. Give the diagnostic signs, and the
treatment of abscess of the antrum of
Highmore ?
4. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment.
5. What are the exciting causes of this
disease ?
Anus.
1. What are the various forms of
abscess that may be found in the vicinity
of the anus ?
2. Give the symptoms and treatment
of fissure of the anus.
3. Describe the principal forms of pro-
lapsus ani.
4. State how you would treat each of
them.
5. Mention the causes and treatment
of pruritus ani.
Articular.
1. In operating upon the articular ends
of bones, it will be at the option of the
surgeon to remove or not, a part or the
whole of the articular cartilage. Is it a
matter of consequence which plan should
be adopted ?
2. Describe the principal morbid
changes to which articular cartilage is
liable.
3. Describe the minute changes which
articular cartilage undergoes in the pro-
cess termed ulceration.
4. What are the microscopic appear-
ances presented by articular cartilage,
when undergoing the changes described
as ' absorption ?'
Auditory.
1. State the morbid conditions to which
the external auditory meatus is liable :
their causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Bayonet.
1. A man has been wounded by a
bayonet in the right side of the chest,
between the fifth and sixth ribs, which
has punctured the pleura. Describe the
symptoms which would probably occur in
such a case during its progress towards
recovery.
2. How would you treat the patient ?
3. What are the characteristic features
of wounds inflicted by bayonets ?
4. Name the chief points to beattended
to in the treatment of a stab by one of
these weapons.
Bladder.
1. Describe the various kinds of
wounds of the bladder which result from
musket-balls ; symptoms, the principal
complications which occasionally accom-
pany them, and their proper treatment.
2. Give the causes of spontaneous rup-
ture of the bladder.
3. In what cases of injury or disease
would you puncture the urinary bladder ?
4. Name the part of the bladder you
would prefer to open.
5. Give your reasons for selecting that
part.
Bone.
1. Describe acute inflammation of bone
in youth, its symptoms, pathology, and
treatment.
2. What are the principal forms of
disease to which bone is liable ?
3. Describe the various tumours affect-
ing bone, their structural characters,
diagnostic marks, and the treatment
required for their removal.
4. Describe the local and general symp-
tons of an abscess forming in bone.
5. In which bones, and in what portions
of them, is abscess usually found ?
Brain.
1. Describe the symptoms of concus-
sion of the brain, and give an explanation
of them.
2. Give the diagnosis between com-
pression and concussion of the brain.
3. What evil consequences may follow
on such a condition ?
4. What should be the treatment
adopted ?
5. State the symptoms which distin-
guish blood, pus, or depressed bone, as the
cause of compression of the brain.
Breast.
1. Give the cutaneous appearances of
a cancerous breast.
2. State the conditions to prevent its
removal by operation.
3. Describe a case of sero-cystic tumour
of the female breast.
4. Enumerate the various diseases of
the female breast.
5. Gi ve the constitutional and local treat-
ment you would pursue in each disease.
Bubo.
1. Describe the signs, symptoms, and
progress of an acute sympathetic bubo,
from its commencement to its termina-
tion in spontaneous cure.
2. To what causes may bubo in the
groin be attributed ; and. in what way
94 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Bubo — continued.
does the treatment depend on the nature
of the cause.
3. Name the forms of bubo, stating
their points of difference, and indicate the
treatment.
4. Describe Milton's plan of opening
buboes.
Burns.
1. Describe the characters, dangers,
local and constitutional treatment of
burns, of different degrees of severity.
Bursae.
1. Describe the symptoms and treat-
ment of enlargement of the deep palmar
bursa.
2. Describe the principal diseases of
the bursse over the patella.
3. Give the proper modes of treating
them.
4. To what morbid changes are bursse
liable ?
5. Give examples, and mention such
modes of treatment as you think most
eligible.
Calculus.
1. Describe the symptoms which indi-
cate the passage of a calculus from the
kidney to the bladder.
2. State how you would treat a case of
this kind during and after the passage of
the calculus.
3. Describe the different kinds of
urinary calculi, and the circumstances
which determine their composition.
4. In what different situations may
urinary calculi be found ?
Cancer.
1. Describe the characters during life,
and after death, of the most frequent
forms of cancer of rectum.
2. State the best means of palliating
the symptoms connected with it.
3. State what you understand by the
term cancer.
4. Give the diagnosis between cancer
of the testis and chronic inflamma-
tion.
5. Describe the ordinary characters of
cancer of the tongue, the means of dis-
tinguishing it from other growths, and
idcers of the same organ ; and its micro-
scopical characters.
Cancrum Oris.
1. Describe a bad case of cancrum oris,
the different positions in which it may
commence, the treatment applicable,
what deformities may result, and methods
of removal.
Carbuncle.
1. Describe the usual course of a car-
buncle, constitutional conditions which
favour its formation, its appearance,
symptoms, ordinary site, pathological
nature, and surgical treatment.
Caries.
1. Enumerate the symptoms and dan-
gers attending caries of the four upper
cervical vertebras.
2. Describe the local appearances and
treatment of caries of a tarsal bone.
3. Mention the modes by which caries
of the temporal bone may prove fatal.
4. Describe the causes, symptoms, con-
sequences, and treatment of acute caries
of the lower dorsal region of the spine ?
5. State the circumstances under which
recovery may take place, and the patho-
logical changes accompanying recovery.
Cartilaginous.
1. At what period of life are cartilagin-
ous tumours most frequent ?
2. Describe their internal structure.
3. In what situations are they found ?
4. To what changes are they sub-
ject?
Cataract.
1 . What is a cataract ?
2. Mention the various kinds of cata-
ract ; and give the usual diagnostic
characters of each.
3. Make a list of the instruments and
materials for the first dressings required
for cataract.
4. Describe the extraction of cataract
by the flap operation.
5. State the usual conditions under
which the different forms occur.
Colotomy,
1. Describe the several steps in the
operation of colotomy.
2. Describe the nature, seat, diagnosis,
of the diseases which may render the
operation of colotomy expedient.
3. Describe the relative anatomy of
the parts concerned in the operation.
Congenital.
1. State the different forms of con-
genital malformation, or defect in the
lower bowel, which cause difficult evacua-
tion, or complete obstruction to the dis-
charge of faecal matter.
2. Mention the plan of treatment to
be adopted in different cases.
3. Describe any necessary operation.
4. Describe the congenital malforma-
tions of the brain which are perceptible
externally, and their diagnosis from
SURGERY.
95
Congenital —continued.
other surgical affections with which they
might be confounded.
5. What are the symptoms of congeni-
tal syphilis, and what is the treatment in
an infant '.'
Cornea.
1. Contrast vascular opacity of the cor-
nea; orpannus,with interstitial keratitis.
2. Describe ulceration of the cornea :
what are its causes, complications, and
results ; and how is it to be treated.
3. Describe the treatment of a pene-
trating wound of the cornea.
4. What consequences are likely to
ensue from the impaction of a fragment
of iron in the cornea ?
5. How would you treat such a case ?
Curvature.
1. What is meant by acute angular
curvature of the spinal column : its
causes, symptoms, pathology, treatment,
and results ?
Cystitis.
1. What are the symptoms of chronic
cystitis, and condition of the urine in it ?
2. What is the cause of its alkalinity ?
Cysts.
1. Classify the serous cysts that occur
in the groin.
Degeneration.
1. Describe the structural changes that
occur in the arteries, in the various forms
of degeneration to which they are liable ;
and explain the influence of these changes,
when advanced, upon the circulation.
Deligation.
1. By what mechanism is the supply of
blood sent to a limb after deligation of
the main trunk ?
Dislocation.
1. Describe the ordinary symptoms of
dislocation of the head of the humerus,
downwards and inwards.
2. State particularly the symptoms on
which you would chiefly rely for diagnosis
in old as well as in recent cases of such.
•!. Describe the injuries of the elbow-
joint which are liable to be confounded
with a dislocation.
4. Enumerate the structures surround-
ing the shoulder-joint, and describe how
they are affected in the different disloca-
tions of the head of the humerus.
5. Describe the various forms of dislo-
cation of the hip-joint.
Ectropion.
1. What are the common causes of
ectropion and entropion ?
Ectropion — continued. .
2. Describe the operations for their
relief.
3. What is ectropion, and its effects
upon the eye 1
Emphysema.
1. How is emphysema produced : the
signs, and the treatment ?
2. What is emphysema, and the causes
of it when occurring in surgical practice ?
Enchondroma.
1. What is enchondroma ?
2. Describe the general and micro-
scopical characters of enchondroma, or
cartilaginous tumours; in what struc-
tures they usually occur, and the treat-
ment to be adopted in particular cases.
Epiphora.
1. Enumerate the causes of epiphora ;
and mention the appropriate treatment.
Epistaxis.
1. What are the chief circumstances
in which epistaxis occurs ?
2. Describe the best corresponding
means of treatment.
3. Describe the operation of plugging
the posterior nares in a case of epistaxis.
Epithelioma.
1. Describe the local appearances and
treatment of epithelioma.
2. In what situations and tissues it
usually occurs.
Epulis.
1. Describe the pathology, symptoms,
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of
epulis.
Erysipelas.
1. What is erysipelas ?
2. Describe the forms of erysipelas.
3. Distinguish between erythema and
erysipelas, as to causes, symptoms, and
course.
4. Describe the distinguishing features
of (1) cutaneous erysipelas, (2) cellulo-
cutaneous, and (3) cellular ; with the pre-
ventivemeasures, and curative treatment.
5. Mention a drug which seems to have
a specific influence over the poison of ery-
sipelas.
Erythema.
1. Give the characters of the spots in
erythema nodosum.
2. Situations in which they appear.
Excising.
1. Describe accurately, step by step,
the operation of excising the shoulder-
joint, by a single linear incision.
2. Name the several structures divided.
3. What muscles and other structures
96
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Excising — continued.
divided by the ordinary method are left
undivided when the same operation is
performed sub-periosteally ?
4. Describe the operation of excising
the elbow-joint by a single straight in-
cision in the ordinary method.
5. Name the anatomical structures,
not cut in excision of the joint, which
would be divided if amputation were
performed a hand's breadth above the
joint instead.
Excision.
1. In what cases are excisions suitable?
2. In what cases of injury and disease
should excision of the elbow-joint be
performed ?
3. How much should be removed?
4. Describe the operation by a linear
incision.
5. Enumerate in their proper order
the parts divided in the operation.
Extravasation.
_ 1. Describe the local and constitu-
tional symptoms which would be present
in extravasation of urine into the
perineum.
2. State the direction in which the
extravasation would extend, and the
reasons.
3. Explain how the perineal fascia
limits extravasation of urine in certain
directions, and permits it to spread in
others.
4. What treatment should be adopted
in such a case ?
5. Mention the diseases which may
produce extravasation of urine.
Eye.
1. Explain the way in which the eye
is enabled to see objects at different
distances.
2. Give the method by which the
range between the nearest and most dis-
tant points of distinct vision may be
determined and expressed.
3. Describe the methods of detecting
simulated blindness of one e3Te.
4. What are the consequences of injury
of the eye and its vicinity from lime, and
how are they to be treated ?
5. Mention and explain the normal
and abnormal conditions of refraction
met with in the human eye.
Eyeball.
1. Describe the circumstances under
which you would remove the eyeball, and
the mode of performing the operation.
2. Mention, in order, all the structures
Eyeball— continued.
which must be divided in excision of tht-
eyeball.
Fatty.
1. In what situations are fatty tumours
found ?
2. Give their diagnostic signs and
treatment.
Femoral.
1. How would you compress the com-
mon femoral artery with your finger ?
2. Mention the branches by which the
collateral circulation would be carried on
after ligature of the femoral artery.
3. What is a femoral hernia ?
4. Describe the ordinary characters of
a femoral hernia of moderate size.
5. Mention the general symptoms and
local signs of a case of strangulated
femoral hernia.
Fibroid.
1. State the method of diagnosis be-
tween a cancerous and a recurring fibroid
tumour, before and after removal by an
operation.
2. Give the results to the patient, local
and general, to be looked for after the
removal of those growths respectively.
Fingers.
1. In endeavouring to save a portion
of the injured fingers, will the saved
portion interfere with the important
movements of the uninjured ones ?
Fistula.
1. Describe the symptoms of fistula in
ano, its morbid anatomy, and varieties.
2. What is the best method of laying
it open ?
3. Mention the structures which must
be divided in the operation for fistula in
ano.
Foreign Body.
1. Give the signs indicating the pre-
sence of a foreign bodyin the air-passages.
2. Mention the diseases resulting from
the presence of a foreign body in the
windpipe.
3. Why should not a foreign body be
expelled through the same arjerture by
which it has entered ?
4. Describe the probable course and
termination of a case when a foreign
body is retained.
5. State how you would proceed in
attempting to give relief.
Fracture.
1. Describe the principal forms of
fracture of the patella, their symptoms,
the processes for their repair, and the
SURGERY.
97
Fracture — continued.
several appropriate modes of treat-
ment.
2. Enumerate the various muscles, and
describe their respective actions, by which
the deformity witnessed in fracture of
the neck of the femur is probably
t ' 1 1 1 i
3. Mention the signs of fracture (1)
extra-capsular ; (2) within the capsule ;
probable result of the injury, and the
treatment.
4. Enumerate the various muscles,
and describe the respective actions by
which the deformity witnessed in fracture
of the lower end of the femur, immedi-
ately above the condyles, is caused.
5. State Sir James Paget's views of
the mode of union in simple fracture.
Fractured.
1. How may the patella be fractured ?
2. Describe the principle of the treat-
ment of this injury, and the various
appliances used.
3. How do these fractures unite ?
4. On what does the subsequent effi-
ciency of the limb depend ?
5. What would be the symptoms in a
patient who has fallen head-foremost
downstairs, and is supposed to have
fractured the fifth and sixth cervical
vertebrae, producing complete pressure
on the cord ?
Fractures.
1. Describe minutely the method of
treating fractures of the shaft of the
femur by the extension-pulleys, and
give your views as to the comparative
advantages of that method and treat-
ment by the long splint.
2. Mention the different simple frac-
tures which occur at the elbow and at
the superior radio-ulnar joints.
3. State the diagnostic symptoms and
treatment of each.
4. What are the complications of
compound fractures that may render
immediate amputation necessary ?
Ganglion.
1. Describe the different forms of
ganglion of the wrist, their diagnosis,
and treatment.
2. How do bursal tumours differ from
ganglion ?
Gangrene.
1. Describe the symptoms of traumatic
gangrene following compound fracture
of the leg, and what treatment should
be pursued, local and constitutional.
Gangrene — continued.
2. Why may gangrene attack an ex-
tremity? , . ,
3. In what consists the analogy be-
tween a case of dry gangrene and one of
sen llo ?
4. By what symptoms may gangrene
of the foot, the result of embolism, be
diagnosed from senile gangrene?
5. State in what respects the treat-
ment would differ in each.
Glaucoma.
1. Describe the distinguishing charac-
ters of glaucoma, the three forms of it,
including those observed within the eye
with the help of the ophthalmoscope ;
also the morbid changes in the structure
of the eyeball, and the effects on vision.
2. State the appearances and symptoms
which enable a surgeon to distinguish a
case of cataract from one of acute glau-
coma, and its treatment.
Gonorrhoea.
1. At what time after infection does
gonorrhoea generally commence ?
2. What is the .seat and nature of
that disease ?
3. What are its effects in mild and in
severe cases ?
4. What is the appropriate treatment
in different cases ?
5. What local mischief has been
ascribed to the arrestment of gonorrhoea
by copaiba ?
Granular.
1. Describe the nature and appear-
ances of the disease known as granular
eyelids.
2. What is the pathology of granular
conjunctiva ? Mention its causes and
treatment.
Granulations.
1. Describe the structure of, and mode
of healing by, granulations.
Gunshot.
1. Give a sketch of the various cir-
cumstances which affect the consequences
of gunshot fractures of bones, and of
wounds of joints of the extremities, under
ordinary conditions of warfare.
2. Mention the consequences which
these circumstances tend to produce.
3. Classify concisely the varieties of
gunshot injuries of the bones and articu-
lations of the lower extremities.
4. Give the distinctions and mortality
resulting from situation, kind of injury,
and neighbouring complications.
5. Specify the treatment of each
98 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Gunshot — continued.
variety : (1) amputation, (2) resection,
(3) conservation.
Hematocele.
1. What is a hasmatocele of the tunica
vaginalis testis ?
2. Give the morbid anatomy, diagnosis,
prognosis, and treatment of hsematocele.
3. In cases of htematocele, what cir-
cumstances would you consider justified
the performance of the operation of
castration ?
4. If subjected to incision, what are
the pathological changes which precede
the cure ?
Haematoma.
1. Mention Paget's account of the
mode of formation of haematoma.
Haematuria.
1. What are the causes of haematuria,
from surgical injuries ?
2. How would you diagnose the source
of the blood from the condition of the
urine ?
3. Prescribe an astringent mixture for
a case of hematuria.
Haemorrhage.
1. Describe the treatment for haemor-
rhage from a wound in the palm of the
hand.
2. Name the best means for arresting
haemorrhage from small bloodvessels re-
cently divided.
3. State the means of employing them,
and the cases to which they are severally
best suited.
4. Give the various modes of arresting
haemorrhage from an artery, a vein, or a
mucous membrane.
5. Describe the processes by which
haemorrhage from a completely divided
artery may be naturally arrested, and
those which follow the tying of an artery
so divided.
Hare-Lip.
1. Double hare-lip : how managed —
in two separate operations, or at once ?
When to operate ?
2. Explain the cause of the congenital
deformity known as hare-lip.
Hectic Fever.
1. Give a short description of hectic
fever.
Hernia.
1. Name the varieties of umbilical
hernia, and give the diagnosis of each.
2. What are the usual forms of hernia
in children, male and female ?
3. Enumerate the varieties of form
Hernia — continued.
which crural hernia may assume ; ac-
count for each anatomically, and likewise
minutely detail the different positions in
which the bowel may be strangulated.
4. Describe the difference between a
congenital and infantile hernia.
5. Describe a congenital hernia cerebri.
Hernial.
1. What is meant by incarceration, ,
and what by strangulation, of a hernial
protrusion ?
2. What are the signs of incarceration,
and what of strangulation ?
Hospital Gangrene.
1. What is understood by hospital
gangrene ?
2. Describe the causes, their modes of
action, symptoms, and treatment for the
arrest of hospital gangrene.
Hunterian Chancre.
1. Describe the charactersof Hunterian
chancre on the penis ;
2. Hunter's ulcer on the tonsil ; and
3. The character of the secondary
eruption, if not properly treated.
Hydrocele.
1. What is a hydrocele ?
2. Give some account of the varieties
of hydrocele.
3. What are the characters of the
fluids in (1) hydrocele of the spermatic
cord, (2) hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis,
(3) encysted hydrocele of the testicle and
epididymis ?
4. What is the treatment of hydrocele
in the infant ?
5. With what other tumours of the
scrotum might it be confounded ?
Hypermetropia.
1. A patient is said to have manifest
hypermetropia equal to l-40 : what do
you understand by this expression ?
2. State and explain the symptoms
which this condition gives rise to, and
how they are to be treated.
Incontinence.
1. What are the causes of incontin-
ence of urine, local, constitutional, or
accidental, and the measures to be
adopted for its relief ?
Inflammation.
1. Why have we a tendency to adhesive
inflammation in some cases, to suppura-
tive in others ?
2. What are the changes which take
place in the bloodvessels and their
contents as consequences of acute inflam-
mation ?
SURGERY.
99
Inflammation — continued.
3. What are the early • symptoms of
inflammation of the hip-joint ?
4. Describe the appropriate treat-
ment.
5. What are the different causes of an
inflammation of the tibia which may
end in abscess, caries, or necrosis of this
bone ?
Inguinal.
1. What is inguinal aneurism, and its
probable causes ?
2. Describe the several affections of
the inguinal glands connected with
primary venereal sores, and the treat-
ment proper for each.
3. Describe the cause of oblique in-
guinal hernia.
4. In a case of strangulated inguinal
hernia, state the symptoms which would
lead you at once to perform an operation,
and those by which you would be induced
to postpone it.
5. State the diagnosis between femoral
and inguinal hernia.
Insensibility.
1 . To what may insensibility be due ?
The diagnosis in the living adult.
2. How would you treat such cases
respectively ?
Intestinal.
1. State the various causes and forms
of internal acute intestinal obstruction.
2. Describe the symptoms which would
indicate the probable seat of the obstruc-
tion, whether in the large or small intes-
tine ; and the conditions which would
generally determine the nature of the
treatment, medical or operative.
3. Describe the post-mortem condi-
tions of the intestinal canal above and
below the seat of obstruction.
Iridectomy.
1. What are the morbid conditions in
which the operation of iridectomy is re-
cpjired ?
2. How would you perform the opera-
tion ?
_ 3. Explain the mode of action of
iridectomy in the cure of glaucoma.
Iritis.
1. What is iritis?
2. What are the varieties, diagnostic
marks and results of iritis, if it proceeds
unchecked by treatment ?
3. Describe the symptoms of the fol-
lowing forms: (1) simple idiopathic;
(2) serous; (3) suppurative; (4) syphi-
litic ; (5) traumatic ; (6) rheumatic.
Iritis — continued.
4. What treatment should be pursued
to arrest its progress ?
5. Mention the treatment to be adopted
in each kind in its various stages.
Knee-Joint.
1. Mention, in order, the parts which
would be divided in amputating through
the knee-joint.
2. State the general plan of treatment
to be advised in a case of a recently incised
wound of the knee-joint.
3. Describe the local signs indicating
an acute inflammation of a joint after
such a wound, the changes which occur
in and around the joint when the pro-
gress is unfavourable.
4. Describe the appropriate treatment
of such a case.
5. What are the consequences of a
wound of the knee-joint, and what
morbid changes may occur within the
joint from the injury ?
laceration.
1. What are the symptoms indicating
a laceration of the posterior tibial artery,
withotit external wound, in the upper
third of the leg?
2. Describe in detail what would be
the proper treatment of such a case ?
Lachrymal.
1. Describe the true lachrymal fistula,
symptoms, and the modes of treating it.
2. To what disease is the lachrymal
gland subject?
Laryngotomy,
1. Mention the varieties in the origin
and course of the blood-vessels, to be re-
garded in the operation of laryngotomy ?
2. Mention the cases in which you
would perform laryngotomy.
Larynx.
1. Describe the anatomical characters
of the various diseases of the larynx,
their diagnosis and treatment.
Lens.
1. Enumerate the dislocations of the
lens, their causes, results and treatment.
Ligature.
1. Describe the steps of an operation
for applying a ligature on an artery.
2. State the position in which you
would place the limb, extent, and direc-
tion of the incision through the skin.
3. Name the anatomical structures
divided, and to be avoided in its per-
formance.
4. If a ligature be placed around tho
brachial artery, by what vessels would
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
ttgatxao—continued.
the collateral circulation be carried
on?
5. Mention the circumstances which
require it.
lipoma.
1. Describe the characters of a well-
marked case of lipoma of the testicle,
and the treatment suitable in each of its
stages.
Lithic.
1. What are the causes assigned for
the redundancy of lithic acid in the urine ?
2. Sir B. Brodie's prescription in cases
of lithic acid deposits in the urine.
Lithotomy.
1. What are the chief causes of death
after lithotomy ?
2. In what cases of stone in the bladder
would you prefer lithotritv to that opera-
tion ?
3. State in their normal order the
parts cut through in performing the
lateral operation of lithotomy.
4. What blood-vessels are in the way
of the knife ?
5. How avoided ?
Lithotrity.
1. What are the accidents and risks
incidental to lithotrity ?
2. How are they to be avoided, and, if
they occur, how are they to be treated ?
Loose Cartilages.
1. What are the diagnostic symptoms
of loose cartilages in the knee-joint ?
2. What other diseased condition of
the joint jDresents similar symptoms, and
what is the treatment to be adopted in
each of these diseases ?
3. What are the characters of the loose
cartilages which occasionally form in
joints ?
4. Describe the train of symptoms
which the presence of one of these bodies
usually gives rise to, and the treatment
you would adopt.
5. Explain the origin of these bodies.
Lower Jaw.
1. In how many ways may the lower
jaw be dislocated ?
2. Describe the altered relations of the
parts when the dislocation is forwards.
3. Mention the muscles which are put
on the stretch by the displacement.
4. Describe the method of reducing
laxation of the lower jaw.
5. Describe the operation for removal
of one half of the lower jaw, mentioning,
in order, the structures divided.
Medical Regulations.
1. Name the books and registers which
the Medical Regulations require to be
kept at every regimental hospital, by the
M.O. in charge.
2. Name the regulation contents of the
box of apparatus for the treatment of
fractures and the reduction of disloca-
tions supplied to regiments.
3. Mention the names of the different
diets in the scale ordered by the Medical
Regulations.
4. State the composition of any one of
them.
5. Name the several kinds of hospital
equipment and transport laid down in
the Army Medical Regulations for time
of war, and the proportion of each allotted
to a battalion 850 strong.
Mercurial.
1. Describe a case of mercurial
erythismus.
2. Name the authority who first
described that affection.
3. Give an outline of the general treat-
ment you would have recourse to in
mercurial erythismus.
4. Mention the cases in which you
would employ mercurial fumigation.
5. In what diseases do you usually
have recourse to mercurial treatment ?
Morbus Coxse.
1. Describe the successive pathological
conditions in morbus coxa, from its com-
mencement to its termination in spon-
taneous cure.
2. What dislocation does this disease
of the hip-joint resemble ?
3. What kind of anchylosis will pro-
bably ensue ?
Mortification.
1. Define the term mortification.
2. State how mortification of a part
may be produced.
3. How should it be treated ?
4. When you should, and when you
should not, amputate in mortification ?
5. Describe the different forms of
mortification, their signs and progress.
Muscse Volitantes.
1. What ophthalmic pathological con-
ditions give rise to the symptoms usually
designated muscse volitantes ?
2. State how these diseased conditions
are to be severally distinguished from the
physiological muscoe volitantes, occa-
sionally noticed in perfectly healthy eyes.
Musket-Ball.
1. A musket-ball in passing through a
SURGERY.
101
Musket-Ball— continued.
limb pushes aside without penetrating its
main artery ; name the several dangerous
consequences which may result from this
accident.
Myeloid.
1. Describe the characters of a myeloid
tumour.
2. Describe the local appearance and
symptoms of myeloid disease.
3. Mention its microscopic character.
4. State the treatment, and the pro-
bable result.
5. In what tissues, and at what period
of life, does it occur ?
Myopia.
1. State the nature of the defect myo-
pia, any ascertained causes, or objective
signs of its existence.
2. How is the imperfection of sight to
be remedied ?
Nffivus.
1. Name the varieties of nsevus as de-
veloped in the integument.
2. In a small nasvus on a child's face,
what plans of treatment have been recom-
mended ?
3. Describe minutely their special ana-
tomy, and appropriate treatment.
Necrosis.
1. What is necrosis ?
2. Describe the usual symptoms of
necrosis of the first phalanx of a thumb
or finger, the pathology, and the treat-
ment you would adopt in its several
stages.
3. In what bones is necrosis most fre-
quently met with ?
4. What are the conditions, local and
general, commonly observed in a case of
acute necrosis of the tibia ?
5. Describe the usual results of such
an attack, and the treatment to be pur-
sued in its various stages.
Nodes.
1. Why are nodes rare in infancy ?
(Edema.
1. Give the morbid anatomy, causes,
diagnosis, and treatment of acute oedema
of the glottis.
CEsophagotomy.
1. Under what circumstances has ceso-
phagotomy been performed ?
2. Describe the operation, and mention
the parts with which the operator is con-
cerned.
(Esophagus.
1. What are the various causes, symp-
toms, different forms, and treatment
(Esophagus — continued.
of each form of stricture of the oeso-
phagus ?
2. How would you distinguish them
clinically from one another ?
Onychia.
1. Mention the different forms of
onychia.
2. Describe the characters of onychia
maligna, and its treatment.
Operation.
1. In the event of a patient refusing
to submit to an operation, what course
should a surgeon pursue ?
2. Should an operation be performed
during the continuance of shock ?
3. Describe the operation by which the
bones of the wrist and carpal joints, in-
cluding the heads of the metacarpal
bones, may be removed without wound-
ing any large bloodvessels or nerves, and
with the least possible injury to other
structures.
4. What are the measures that a sur-
geon should adopt in order to prevent the
occurrence of a fatal termination in the
cases in which air has been accidentally
introduced into the veins during an
operation.
5. Describe Chopart's operation through
the tarsus, and the relative position of the
various parts cut through in this amputa-
tion?
Ophthalmia.
1. Describe the symptoms of purulent
ophthalmia in infants, the morbid con-
ditions of the eye to which it may lead,
and the treatment usually advisable.
2. Describe ophthalmia tarsi, and its
treatment.
3. At what age is pustular ophthalmia
most frequently met with, and what is the
treatment ?
4. Give the pathological anatomy,
symptoms, and treatment of strumous
ophthalmia.
5. What are the symptoms of phlycte-
nular ophthalmia?
Ophthalmoscope.
1. Give an account of the appearance
of the fundus of the healthy eye, as ob-
served with an opthalmoscope ; and of
any^ morbid changes occasioning blindness
which you may have seen by the aid of
the same instrument, with their treat-
ment.
2. State what you know about the
direct and indirect methods of examining
the eye by the ophthalmoscope ; particu-
102 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON TEE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Ophthalmoscope — continued.
larly mention how the two methods of
examination are conducted, and the
effects of each as regards the appearance
presented to the observer.
3. Describe and explain the appearance
of the normal healthy fundus oculi, as
seen by the ophthalmoscope in a blonde
individual.
Optical.
1. What are the optical effects pro-
duced by removing the crystalline lens, as
in an operation for cataract, according
as the eye operated upon has been pre-
viously emmetropic, myopic, or hyperme-
tropic ?
2. State the conditions upon which
myopia, presbyopia, and hypermetropia
respectively depend ; and describe the
optical appliances needed for correct
vision in either case.
3. Explain the manner in which the
spectacles with convex lenses, in the
optical and ophthalmoscopic case, are used
for determining degrees of myopia and
hypermetropia.
4. Give examples illustrative of their
mode of application to 'the purposes just
mentioned.
Osteitis.
1. Give the anatomical characters of
the form of osteitis which results from
exposure to the fumes of phosphorus.
Osteo.
1. Describe the nature, effects, and
proper treatment of osteo -myelitis after
gunshot injuries of long bones, or of
amputations consequent upon them, and
the reasons for your practice.
Ozcena.
1. What are the symptoms and causes
of ozcena, at what period of life is it most
frequently met with, and what local treat-
ment should be adopted when general
measures fail to relieve it ?
Palate.
1 . Explain the cause of the congenital
deformity known as cleft palate, in-
cluding its varieties, and the treatment
suitable for each.
Palmar.
1. What treatment would you adopt in
a wound of the deep palmar arch ?
2. Describe the disease termed con-
traction of the palmar fascia.
Paracentesis.
1. Name the conditions following in-
juries to the chest which render theopera-
tion of paracentesis thoracis necessary.
Paracentesis— continued.
2. Give an account of the circum-
stances which would determine in your
mind the proper period for its perform-
ance.
3. Describe accurately the proper way
of performing the operation.
4. What are the indications for the
necessity of performing paracentesis peri-
cardii ?
5. What symptoms would demand
paracentesis abdominis, and how would
you perform the operation ?
Periostitis.
1. Describe the local symptoms of
acute periostitis ; state the possible re-
sults on the bone affected ; mention the
treatment in its various stages, and at
what period of life it usually occurs.
Phagedenic.
1. Describe the local conditions of a
phagedenic or sloughing sore on any part
of the body, the general condition of a
patient affected by such a sore, its usual
progress, and the treatment to be pursued.
2. Describe the characters of the edges
of granulation and discharge of a phage-
denic ulcer.
Pharyngotomy.
1. State the object of the operation of
sub-hyoidean pharyngotomy.
Phimosis.
1. What operations would you resort
to to remedy the evils attending on a
phimosis.
2. Give your opinion of the relative
merits of the two operations.
3. Describe the affections known as
phimosis and paraphimosis, explain their
causes and possible consequences, and
state their treatment.
Phlebitis.
1. Distinguish between idiopathic and
traumatic phlebitis.
2. Give the pathology and treatment
of traumatic phlebitis.
Phlegmonous.
1. Describe the causes, local condition,
and general symptoms of a case of phleg-
monous erysipelas of the forearm, and
state the local and general treatment of
such a case.
2. Describe the local symptoms which
precede and accompany the formation of
phlegmonous suppuration.
Polypi.
1. What diseases may be mistaken for
polypi of the nose ?
2. Describe the various polypi of the
SURGERY.
103
Polypi — continued.
nose and its communicating cavities,
whether of a mild or malignant cha-
racter.
3. What is the structure of ordinary
nasal polypi ?
4. From what parts do they usually
grow ?
5. To what inconveniences do they
give rise ?
Popliteal.
1. Describe the symptoms of popliteal
aneurism.
2. "What are the different modes of
treatment in popliteal aneurism for its
arrest ?
3. Give the conditions' which justify
amputation of the limb in a case of
popliteal aneurism, and the dangers after
amputation.
4. What fluctuating or fluid swellings
may present themselves in the popliteal
space ?
5. Describe their characteristics, and
state briefly the treatment appropriate to
each.
Presbyopia.
1. Show how, when presbyopia exists,
its degree and the means of correcting it
are to be ascertained.
2. Name the conditions giving rise to
presbyopia.
3. Explain how glasses remedy it.
4. What is the difference between
presbyopia and hypermetropia ?
5. A patient is affected with hyper-
metropia and presbyopia : explain the
principles on which you would proceed
to ascertain the presence and degree of
each of these affections.
Primary Syphilis.
1. Describe the ectrotic treatment of
primary syphilis.
Prostate Gland.
1. What are the diseases of the pros-
tate gland, the symptoms and treatment
of each disease ?
2. Describe the early symptoms, con-
sequences and treatment of enlarged
prostate gland in an old man.
3. Describe the pathological changes
which they produce in the urinary organs
generally.
Psoas Abscess.
1. Describe the symptoms in a case of
psoas abscess ; its diagnosis, the treatment
to be pursued, and the probable result.
2. What post-mortem conditions would
be observed in a fatal case ?
Puncture.
1. In a case of puncture, both of a
large artery and its contiguous vein, what
is the treatment to be adopted in the
case of each vessel ?
2. By what process does nature effect
it as regards each vessel ?
3. Describe the conditions which may
probably ensue from a puncture of the
femoral artery in the middle of the thigh.
4. What steps should be taken in the
case of accidental puncture of the humeral
artery ?
5. Describe the treatment to be pursued
in a case of punctured wound, with
copious haemorrhage, in the palm of the
hand.
Pus.
1. Does serum effused from whatever
cause into a serous cavity ever become
pus ; whether the cavity communicate
with, or is shut off from, the external air ?
2. Does the formation of pus in a
serous cavity take place with equal
readiness in a shut as in an open cavity ?
3. State the chemical, physical, and
microscopic characters of pus.
4. What are the local and constitu-
tional symptoms and indications of the
formation of pus ?
Pyaemia.
1. Give an account of pyaemia, as a
complication of gunshot wounds, in mili-
tary hospitals, mentioning in your reply :
(1) the classes of wounds which appear to
be most liable to the supervention of
pyaemia, and the probable explanation of
this special liability; (2) the train of
symptoms by which it is usually ushered
in and accompanied to its termination ;
(3) the circumstances in campaigning
which favour its development; (4) the
means of prevention ; (5) the treatment.
Eanula.
1. Give the nature, symptoms and
treatment of a case of ranula.
Reparation.
1. State the method of reparation of
a (1) long bone, in a case of simple frac-
ture ; and the same in the case of
(2) muscle ; (3) tendon ; (4) skin ; (5) mu-
cous membrane; (6) serous membrane;
(7) nerve, transversely divided.
Retention.
1. What are the most common causes
of retention of urine in the child, in the
adult, in the old man ?
2. Mention the most eligible treatment
to be adopted according to each cause.
104 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Retinitis.
1. Enumerate and describe the dif-
ferent forms of retinitis.
Rheumatic.
1. Describe the symptoms of chronic
rheumatic arthritis of the hip-joint.
2. Describe the pathological changes
of structure to which it usually leads in
any joint so affected, and the treatment.
Rickets.
1. Describe the abnormal conditions of
the skull which result from rickets.
Rifle-Balls.
1. Mention the principal kinds of frac-
ture of the femur caused by rifle-balls
and shell-splinters, their occasional com-
plications, the influence of the seat of
injury, the treatment to be pursued in
eachv
2. What are the series of symptoms,
local and general, which may be expected
to occur when a lung has been penetrated
by a rifle-ball, and the treatment to be
adopted ?
3. Describe the natural process of the
cure in a case of recovery.
4. Name the various accidents which
may arise out of a wound of this nature
and delay the cure, or induce a fatal
result.
Rifle- Bullet.
1. A man was wounded by a rifle-
bullet, which entered at the anterior
margin of the deltoid muscle and passed
out behind the shoulder ; in its course it
comminuted the head, as well as an inch
and a half of the upper extremity of the
humerus : (1) state what treatment should
be pursued in such a case, and what
would be the probable result ; (2) de-
scribe the characteristic features of a
gunshot wound inflicted by a rifle-bullet
at high speed, and explain the causes
to which they are due.
Rifle-shot.
1. A soldier is wounded in the upper
arm by a rifle-shot, and the (1) humerus,
(2) radius and ulna are fractured ; what
conditions of injury would induce you to
amputate the limb ?
2. State your reasons for considering
amputation necessary when the condi-
tions exist which you have named._
3. Assuming a case of comminuted
gunshot fracture of the (1) humerus,
(2) radius and ulna, in which you decide
to try and save the limb, what will be
your course of treatment ?
4. What various complications may
Rifie-Shot — continued.
arise in the course of the treatment of
such a case, and how may they best be
guarded against ?
Rupia.
1. Describe the symptoms of rupia,
the usual cause of the eruption, and the
treatment for its relief.
Rupture.
1. What will be the symptoms of rup-
ture of the urethra ?
2. What treatment should be adopted
in such an injury?— (1) partially lace-
rated ; (2) completely torn across.
3. What is the usual condition of the
urethra subsequently ?
4. Describe the symptoms of rupture
of the intestine, the result of a blow or
fall, and state under what conditions such
a rupture might possibly not prove fatal.
5. From what sources may the extra-
vasated blood have been derived in
rupture of the urethra ?
Ruptured.
1. What would be the symptoms of
ruptured brachial artery, the result of
direct violence, without an external
wound, and the treatment in such an
injury ?
2. Describe the symptoms and the
treatment to be adopted in a case of
ruptured intestine, the result of external
violence, without external wound.
3. What pathological conditions would
be observed after death ?
4. Describe the symptoms of a case of
ruptured kidney, diagnosis, prognosis,
treatment to be pursued, and the results
that may ensue.
Sacro-Iliac.
1. Name the diseases of the sacro-iliac
joint, their diagnosis, and treatment.
Sarcoma.
1. What are the histological features
of sarcoma ?
2. What is the definition of sarcoma ?
3. Specify the points of distinction
between carcinoma and sarcoma.
Scalds.
1. Describe the characters, the local
and constitutional treatment, of scalds.
2. Give the treatment of scald of the
glottis.
Scar.
1. Describe the formation of a scar.
Scirrhous.
1. By what external symptoms may a
scirrhous tumour of the breast be distin-
guished ?
SURGERY.
105
Scirrhous — continued.
2. Under what circumstances would
an operation for its removal be advis-
able?
3. Describe the microscopical charac-
ters of scirrhous.
4. How are scirrhous and medullary
cancer distinguished in the livingsubject ?
5. How is chronic ulceration of the
breast distinguished from scirrhous ?
Scrofulous.
1. Describe the symptoms of incipient
scrofulous disease of the hip-joint.
2. In what structures does the disease
commence ?
3. What are the progressive changes
which occur when the disease runs its
course unchecked ?
Shock.
1. What do you understand by the
terms shock and collapse ?
2. State the symptoms of each, and
explain how they are induced.
3. Give short illustrative cases, and
point out the treatment you would adopt.
Sight.
1. Show by what means the defects of
long sight and short are respectively cor-
rected.
Sinus.
1. Define a sinus, and explain what
are the obstacles to its healing.
2. Describe the various modes of treat-
ing a sinus under different circumstances,
and give your reasons for adopting any
particular method of treatment.
Spina Bifida.
1. What is spina bifida ?
2. Why is spina bifida most frequent
in the lumbar portion ?
3. What are the effects usually pro-
duced by it ?
4. Give the treatment.
Spinal.
1. What are the conditions which
have been observed in fatal cases of
spinal concussion ?
2. Compare the symptoms of spinal
concussion with those due to fracture
accompanied by complete division of the
spinal cord.
Squinting.
1. Describe the operation for the cure
of squinting.
Stabbed.
1. A man is stabbed between the fifth
and sixth ribs on the right side : what
would be the evidence, physical and
general, that the costal pleura had been
Stabbed — continued.
perforated— that the lung had been in-
jured ?
2. Describe the treatment of such acase.
Staphyloma.
1. What is staphyloma ?
2. Mention its causes, pathology, and
treatment.
3. What condition of refraction is
generally found associated with staphy-
loma posticum ?
Stiff Joint.
1. What are the usual conditions of
joints, which are said to be stiff, after
strains or other mechanical injuries ?
2. What steps ought to be taken to
prevent these conditions ?
3. When they have occurred, what are
the most effective modes of removing
them?
Strabismus.
1. Mention the different forms in
which strabismus is met with, the causes,
and the treatment where a surgical
operation is not required.
2. What is the principal cause of
convergent strabismus, and why is it
impbrtant that the operation should be
performed at an early age ?
Strangulated.
1. In a case of strangulated hernia, in
which the swelling has been removed by
the taxis, but the strangulation still con-
tinues, state what may be the causes of
the continued strangulation, the circum-
stances which would influence your judg-
ment as to its nature, and the operation
to be resorted to in different cases.
2. Describe the symptoms which would
lead you to suspect the existence of a
strangulated hernia, and the characters
which such a tumour would present.
3. What objections have been urged
against the operation for strangulated
hernia, without opening the sac ?
4. State the local and general symp-
toms of a stoangulated hernia in the
inguinal canal, and describe the operation
for its relief.
Stricture.
1. Describe the principal changes,
morbid appearances, usually met with in
the urethra, in the bladder, and in the
kidneys, in a case of long-standing or-
ganic stricture of the urethra.
2. Describe the treatment which your
observation and experience would lead
you to adopt for the relief and cure of
permanent stricture of the urethra.
V
106 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Stricture — continued.
3. On what morbid changes may stric-
ture of the rectum depend ?
4. Describe the diagnostic characters
of each variety, and its appropriate
treatment.
5. What difficulties and complications
may occur in, and follow after, the treat-
ment of organic stricture of the urethra
by gradual dilatation ?
Structures.
1. What anatomical structures are
divided in a section of the upper arm
three inches above the elbow-joint?
2. What structures are divided in
cutting off the hand by a section through
the radio carpal articulation ?
3. What structures do you divide' if
you take away the foot by a section
through the ankle-joint ?
4. Name the muscles, arteries, and
nerves which would be divided in circular
amputation in the middle of the thigh.
Suppuration.
1. What is suppuration ?
2. Under what circumstances of injury
of the head is suppuration within the
skull likely to take place ?
Synovitis.
1. What are the causes of acute
synovitis of the knee-joint ?
2. In synovitis of the knee-joint, what
structures restrain the swelling in certain
parts of the joint ?
3. Mention the signs and symptoms
by which it is characterised.
4. State how you would treat it.
Syphilitic.
1. Describe the symptoms, the morbid
anatomy, diagnosis, prognosis, affections,
most likely to be confounded with
syphilitic sarcocele.
2. Give an outline of the treatment.
3. Describe the general appearances
of an ordinary syphilitic sore, its period
of incubation, and subsequent effects on
the body.
4. Mention the different forms of
secondary syphilitic eruption.
5. How would you diagnose hereditary
syphilitic struma from the non-syphilitic,
and how would you treat a case ?
Talipes.
1. What is talipes equinus?
2. What structures are in fault in that
deformity ?
3. State in detail the treatment to be
pursued to effect a cure.
4. Name the muscles by which the
Talipes — conti7iued.
deformity is produced or maintained in
each.
Testicle.
1. State the various swellings near the
testicle, and how distinguished.
2. What are the symptoms of cystic
disease of the testicle, and the appear-
ance of the part on section ?
3. Name the distinguishing signs of
syphilitic testicle under the following
heads : (l)age ; (2) history ; (3) general
health ; (4) progress j (5) pain ; (6) sur-
face; (7) consistence ; (8) testicle affected,
one or both ; (9) epididymis ; (10) glands ;
(11) termination ; (12) weight ; (13) veins
of scrotum ; (14) fluid in tunica vaginalis ;
(15) curability by treatment.
4. Name the distinguishing signs of
cancerous testicle under the same heads.
5. Name the distinguishing signs of
tubercular testicle under the same heads.
Thigh.
1. A man was wounded on the inside
of the upper part of the thigh with a
knife ; the external wound soon healed ;
shortly afterwards an arterial thrill was
observed in the large veins in the im-
mediate neighbourhood of the wound.
Describe what had taken place, and the
treatment to be adopted in such a
case.
Throat.
1. If the throat be cut across between
the os hyoides and the thyroid cartilage
down to the vertebrae, what pa rts would
be divided, and in what order ?
2. Describe the treatment to be pur-
sued in a case of cut throat, when the
trachea or larynx has been laid open ;
the complications likely to arise in such
an injury, the prognosis, and (when fatal)
the causes of death.
Thyroid.
1. State the diseases of the thyroid
gland, and give the appropriate treat-
ment for each case.
Tinea.
1. Describe the appearances, progress,
and consequences of tinea tarsi, its patho-
logy, and treatment.
Toe-nail.
1. Give the morbid anatomy, causes,
and treatment of ingrowing toe-nail.
Tongue.
1. What are the symptoms of acute
inflammation of the tongue ?
2. State those demanding active sur-
gical interference.
SURGERY.
107
Tongue — continued.
3. Enumerate the circumstances under
which it occurs.
4. Describe the diseases which affect
the tongue, and state the treatment you
would adopt for each of them.
Tonsils.
1. Describe the diseases of the tonsils
in children.
2. Mention the causes of their frequency.
3. State the effects, immediate and
remote, of their enlargement.
4. Point out the best local and consti-
tutional treatment of diseased tonsils.
Tracheotomy.
1. Make a list of the instruments and
materials for first dressings, required for
tracheotomy.
2. Describe the operation of tracheo-
tomy, and mention the dangers incident
to its performance.
3. Describe all the varieties in the
origin and course of the bloodvessels to
be remembered in performing the opera-
tion of tracheotomy.
4. State the principal points to be
attended to in performing it for the re-
moval of foreign bodies from the air-
passages ; nature and form ; loose or
impacted.
5. How is the opening to be kept
pervious to admit air ?
Traumatic.
1. Up to what period of life can a
traumatic separation of the epiphyses
occur at the lower end of the femur ?
2. What are the morbid appearances,
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in
such cases ?
3. Give a description of the course
usually followed by traumatic tetanus
when it supervenes on a gunshot wound.
4. What is understood by the terms
trismus, emprosthotonos, pleurosthotonos,
opisthotonos 1
Trephining.
1. What are the conditions which
render trephining necessary ?
2. Write a list of all that should be
prepared for the performance of tre-
phining.
3. Give the method of performing the
operation, with the local and general
treatment of the patient up to a favour-
able or fatal issue.
Tumour.
1. Mention the most common tumours
within the scrotum that |you have met
with.
Tumour — continued.
2. State how you would diagnose each
of those.
3. Describe the treatment which you
would adopt in each case, your reasons
for adopting such treatment, and the
result which you would expect that it
would effect.
4. State the characters, structural and
vital, which distinguish malignant and
benign tumours.
Ulcer.
1. What is an ulcer ?
2. Nature of the disease termed warty
ulcer of the penis ?
3. Describe the different forms of ulcer,
the characteristic appearances of each,
and the treatment required.
4. Describe the characteristics of the
chief forms of ulcer affecting various
parts of the mouth, and their treatment.
Ulceration.
1. In what does ulceration essentially
consist ?
2. State the phenomena of ulceration
of the skin, and describe the process by
which the ulcer is healed.
3. State the symptoms of ulceration
of cartilage in the knee-joint, the changes
which it undergoes in the process, and
the treatment of that disease.
Union.
1. Describe the process of tmion by
the first intention, and of union by second
intention.
2. Write what you know about recent
improvements in the treatment of wounds,
particularly those for preventing the oc-
currence of suppuration, aud obtaining
union by the first intention.
Urethra.
1. What are the symptoms of a com-
plete transverse laceration of the urethra
in the perineum ?
2. How would you treat the injury,
and what would be the most probable
results ?
Urinary.
1. Why does urinary infiltration not
occur at the neck of the bladder ?
2. Describe the local and general
symptoms, pathology, and treatment of
a case in which urinary infiltration super-
venes upon an abscess in the perineum
connected with stricture of the urethra.
Varicocele.
1. Describe varicocele.
2. Give the predisposing causes, and
diseases resembling varicocele.
7—2
108 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Varicocele —continued.
3. By what signs is varicocele of the
spermatic veins distinguished ?
4. Describe the operations proposed
for the cure of varicocele.
Varicose.
1. Describe the nature of varicose
veins, the causes which may have pro-
duced them, and the consequences of that
condition as affecting the lower limb.
2. Mention the modes of treatment
for the cure of varicose veins.
3. State the merits and demerits of
each of them.
4. With what diseases associated ?
Venesection.
1. Describe the steps of this proceed-
ing (venesection) at the fore part of the
elbow.
2. What points have to be kept in
view as regards the arterial and venous
circulation of the forearm when the
bandage is applied above the elbow ?
3. What purpose is aimed at in causing
the patient to grasp an object tightly
with his hand ?
Vertebra.
1. Describe the symptoms and course
of a case of scrofulous disease of the
upper cervical vertebra.
2. At what period of life does it
usually occur ?
3. What are the pathological changes
observed after death ?
Vision.
1. How is vision adjusted to varying
distances ?
2. Describe and explain the different
conditions of vision which follow the use
of atrophine when employed so as to
produce paralysis of the accommodatory
function, according as the eyes thus acted
upon are emmetropic, myopic, or hyper-
metropic.
3. How are the several defects of
vision depending upon faulty refraction
distinguished from those dependent upon
an insufficient power of accommodation ?
Vision — continued.
4. Explain the principles upon which
the diagnosis of emmetropic, myopic, and
hypermetropic vision, by means of a con-
vex lens, is founded.
Whitlow.
1. How many kinds of whitlow are
there?
2. How are they distinguished ?
3. How are they to be treated ?
4. What are the pathological change*
which occur in whitlow ?
Wound.
1. Describe the characters of a wound
inflicted during life, and produced after
death .
2. Describe the local and general treat-
ment of a lacerated wound of the scalp ;
give the distinguishing marks of common
and erysipelatous inflammation attending
such an injury.
3. A man has a penetrating wound of
the chest and lungs : mention the com-
plications that may arise in the progress
of the case, and the treatment you would
adopt.
4. Describe the wound which is usually
made in a suicidal attempt to destroy life
by cutting the throat with a razor.
Wounds.
1. Name concisely the leading charac-
teristic features of the various wounds —
viz., incised, punctured, gunshot — caused
by the implements of warfare, and their
general treatment.
2. Emunerate the dangers tobe dreaded
in lacerated wounds.
3. State the causes of death in cases of
lacerated wounds.
4. Describe generally the antiseptic
treatment of wounds as practised by
Professor Lister.
Wry Neck.
1. In what cases of wry neck is sub-
cutaneous section of the sterno mastoid
suitable ?
2. State the different causes of wry
neck, with their diagnosis and treatment.
ZOOLOGY.
X.
ZOOLOGY.
Actinia.
1. Describe the structure and repro-
duction of actinia.
Alternation.
1. What is meant by the term alterna-
tion of generations ?
2. In what groups of animals does it
occur?
Amoeba.
1. Describe the anatomical and physio-
logical characters of an amoeba.
Amphibia.
1. Describe the respiratory apparatus
of amphibia.
2. State the subdivisions of the am-
phibia.
3. What are the leading subdivisions
of the anurous amphibia ?
Animal.
1 . What are the primary groups of the
animal kingdom, and the classes of which
they are composed ?
2. What are the most striking differ-
ences between animals and plants ?
3. Give the dentition of the following
animals : cat, dog, horse, sheep.
4. In what characters of structure and
function do plants and animals agree ?
5. Describe the chief modifications of
the organs of respiration in the different
classes of animals.
Apes.
1. What are the principal features
which distinguish the skeleton of man
from that of the higher apes ?
Aphis.
1. What are the peculiarities in the
reproductive process in the genus aphis ?
2. To what class and order does the
genus aphis belong ?
3. Give its distinctive characters and
habits.
Articulata.
1. Describe the respiratory system in
articulata.
2. Enumerate the articulata used as
food.
Aves.
1. Enumerate the orders of the class
aves.
Aves — continued.
2. Give the principal characters of the
class aves.
3. Mention some of its most abnormal
members.
Batrachians.
1. Describe the principal modifica-
tions of the respiratory apparatus in
batrachians.
2. Describe the metamorphosis of tail-
less batrachians.
Eats.
1. Describe the history and characters
of the bats.
Beaver.
1. What is the area of distribution of
the beaver ?
Bee-hive.
1. Describe the economy of a bee-hive,
the differences between its inhabitants,
and their mode of increase.
Bird.
1. Mention the principal peculiarities
in the skeleton of a bird compared with
that of a quadruped.
2. Describe the principal modifications
of the respiratory apparatus in birds.
3. Give the mechanism of the flight.
4. Describe the peculiarities in the
structure and habits of birds.
Blood.
1. Mention the distinctive peculiarities
of the blood in birds, fishes, and reptiles.
2. Describe the course of the blood in
these classes.
Bone.
1. State how you would distinguish
the bone of a mammal, bird, reptile, and
fish.
2. Compare the bones of the hind-leg
of the horse with those in the ox.
Carnivora.
1. What relation have the teeth of
carnivora to the nature of their food ?
Cephalopoda.
1. What are the characters of cephalo-
pods ? and state their distribution at the
present time and at former periods.
2. Why placed highest amongst inver-
tebrate animals ?
110 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Cestoid.
1. Name the cestoid worms known to
infest man, and state what you know of
their development and history.
Cetacea.
1. What are the distinguishing cha-
racters of the group cetacea ?
Cheiroptera.
1. What are the primary divisions of
the cheiroptera ?
Cilia.
1. Describe cilia, and the phenomena
of ciliary motion.
Cirripidia.
1. Give a general account of the struc-
ture and mode of development of the
cirripidia.
2. Describe the organisation of the
sessile and pedunculate cirripidia.
Coelenterata.
1. Give the characters of the class
coelenterata.
2. Mention its primary divisions.
Crustacea.
1. Describe the general structure of
the class Crustacea, and those of its prin-
cipal modifications.
2. Describe the arrangement of the
nervous system in Crustacea.
3. Explain the respiratory apparatus
in Crustacea.
4. What are the distinguishing cha-
racters of pcecilopod crustaceans ?
Darwin's.
1. Give Darwin's theory of natural
selection.
Distoma.
1. Describe the anatomy of the dis-
toma hepaticum, and give an account of
the life-history of one of the trema-
todes.
Earthworm.
1. Explain the structure of the earth-
worm.
2. Describe the segmental organs of
the earthworm.
Echinodermata.
1. Write a brief description of the
several vascular systems in the echino-
dermata.
2. Enumerate the principal groups of
the echinodermata.
Edentata.
1. Describe the chief features of the
organisation of the edentata, and give
an account of their geographical distri-
bution.
Egg.
1. Describe the sources and the mode
Egg — continued.
of formation of the yolk, the white, and
the shell of a bird's egg.
Elephant.
1. What is the area of distribution of
the elephant ?
Entozoa.
1. What are the distinctive characters
of entozoa ?
2. Enumerate the species under the
organs they principally affect.
Equus.
1. What are the essential characters
of the genus equus ?
2. How many species are known in a
wild state, and where are they found ?
Eye.
1. What are the chief modifications of
the eye in the different parts of the animal
kingdom ?
2. Give an account of the structure of
the eye in birds.
Fauna/
1. Give a general account of the fauna
of Asia.
2. What are the most remarkable
characteristics of the fauna of Australia ?
3. What are the most characteristic
features of the fauna of Africa ?
4. What is the general nature of the
fauna of the Parmian strata, and what
physical conditions does it bespeak ?
5. Give an account of the present state
of our knowledge regarding the Cambrian
fauna of Britain.
Feather.
1. Describe the structure and mode of
development of a bird's feather.
Fecundation.
1. How is the process of fecundation
effected in fishes and insects ?
Fishes.
1. Describe the modifications of the
respiratory apparatus in fishes.
2. What are the principal subdivisions
of the class pisces ?
3. Mention examples of fishes belong-
ing to each group.
4. Give their principal distinctive
characters.
5. Describe the organ of hearing in
fishes.
Fowl.
1. Describe the digestive canal of the
common fowl.
2. Describe the structure of the gizzard
in a domestic fowl.
3. What is the nature of the hard
palate of the domestic fowl ?
ZOOLOGY.
Ill
Frog.
1. Give an account of the development
of a frog.
2. Describe the heart and circulation
in a frog.
3. What changes take place in the
circulating organs during transition of
tadpole into frog ?
4. Describe the scapular arch and
sternum of a frog.
Gasteropods.
1. How is the function of respiration
performed in the case of the air-breathing
gasteropods.
2. Give a short account of the nature
of the alimentary canal in gasteropods.
Gills.
1. Compare the form of the gills in
the lamprey, shark, and salmon.
2. What is a gill, and what is a lung 1
3. What use do they fulfil ?
4. Are they ever combined in the
same animal ?
5. Give an example.
Guinea-worm.
1. Describe the structure, develop-
ment, and mode of reproduction of the
guinea-worm.
Heart.
1. Describe the chief modifications of
the structure of the heart in animals.
2. Describe the differences in the form
and structure of the heart in a cartila-
ginous and in an osseous fish.
3. Describe the mechanism of the
heart in a turtle.
Helix.
1. Give the principal characters of the
genus helix.
Herring.
1. Give an account of the herring
family, and notice the species that are of
the most importance to man.
2. Describe the digestive canal of a
herring.
Horn.
1. How does the horn of an ox differ
from the horn of a deer ?
Human Race.
1. Enumerate the principal varieties
of the human race, state their distinctive
characters and geographical distribu-
tion.
Hybernation.
1. What is meant by hybernation?
2. In what animals does it occur, and
what functional conditions do they pre-
sent during it ?
3. How is it explained ?
Hydrae.
1. Describe the modes of reproduction
in hydros, inclusive of their structure.
Hydrozoa.
1. Describe fully the anatomy, his-
tology, and development of any member
of the class hydrozoa.
Hymenoptera.
1. By what features is the order
hymenoptera characterised ?
Infusoria.
1. Describe the organization of the
infusoria, and their relations to other
animals.
2. Describe the phenomena which ac-
company the congregation and the fission
of the higher infusoria.
Insecta.
1. Give the distinguishing characters
of the class insecta, with the leading
characters of the orders.
2. What are the principal modifications
of the mouth of insecta ; of the respira-
tory apparatus in insecta ; and of the
nervous system in insecta ?
3. What are the principal distinctive
characters of the classes of insecta ?
4. Describe the organs of circulation
of insecta.
Insectivora.
1. Give an account of the organization,
and point out the affinities of the insec-
tivora.
Insects.
1. Give an account of the metamor-
phosis of insects, and point out its chief
differences in the different orders and
parts of the same order.
2. Give examples of the orders.
3. How is respiration performed in
the larvae of those insects which inhabit
water ?
Invertebrata.
1. What are the principal distinctive
characters of the classes of invertebrata ?
2. Describe the various modifications
of the organ of vision in the invertebrata.
3. Give an account of the auditory
organs of the invertebrata.
4. Trace the gradual development of
the liver through the principal series of
invertebrata.
Lamellibranch.
1. Describe the gills of a lamellibranch.
2. What is the crystal style of a
lamellibranch ?
3. With what other structures would
you homologate the gill of a lamelli-
branch mollusc, and why ?
112 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
Leech.
1. Describe the circulating system of
the leech.
2. Describe its mouth and digestive
system.
3. To what class of animals does the
leech belong ?
4. Where is it chiefly obtained from ?
Lion.
1. What is the area of distribution of
the lion ?
Lobster.
1. Describe the nervous system of the
lobster.
2. In what respects chiefly does a
lobster differ from a beetle ?
3. Describe the organ of hearing in
the lobster.
4. How does the embryogeny of the
crab differ from that of the lobster ?
Mammals.
1. Give a sketch of the geographical
distribution of some of the larger divi-
sions of mammals.
2. Enumerate the principal aquatic
mammals, stating their chief peculiarities.
3. Describe the chief modifications of
the structure and development of the
teeth in mammals, and give the general
characters of the dentition of the several
orders.
4. Enumerate the principal genera of
mammals indigenous to the British Isles,
referring each to its order.
5. Give an account of the structure of
the internal ear in mammals.
Marsupials.
1. What is the geographical distribu-
tion of marsupials ?
Microscopically.
1. How can you distinguish micro-
scopically a piece of wood ; bone ; claw
.and bone of bird ; horn of ruminant ;
shell of a lamellibranch ; tooth of mammal ?
Mollusca.
1. Give the distinctive characters of
the class mollusca.
2. Define the orders of the class mol-
lusca, and give examples.
3. Describe the respiratory system in
mollusca.
4. Describe their organ of hearing.
5. What classes of mollusca possess an
odontophore ?
Nautilus.
1. Contrast the structure of the am-
monite and the nautilus.
2. Compare the gills of the nautilus
with those of argonauta.
Ophidia.
1. Describe the poison apparatus in
ophidia.
Optic.
1. What are the positions of the optic
lobes in the brains of the perch, frog,
alligator, turkey, and mouse ?
Organism.
1. How can you discriminate original
from adaptive characters in any onan-
ism?
Pachydermata.
1. Give a short account of the larger
pachydermata.
Primates.
1. Give a classification of the primates.
2. Give their essential distinctive
characters, and their geographical distri-
bution.
Protozoa.
1. What is the primary classification
of protozoa ?
2. What is the work of the protozoa
in rock-building ?
Pseudopodia.
1. What is the nature, and what are
the functions of pseudopodia ?
Quadrumana.
_ 1. What is the geographical distribu-
tion of the quadrumana ?
2. Into what groups are the quadru-
mana divided ?
Reptilia.
1. Describe the respiratory apparatus
of reptilia.
2. Give the plan of circulation in the
reptilia.
3. State the subdivisions of the true
reptilia.
4. Describe the cervical region of the
vertebral column in reptilia.
Rhizopod.
1. Describe a rhizopod.
Rodents.
1. What relation have the teeth of
rodents to the nature of their food ?
Rotifera.
1. Give an account of the rotifera.
Round-worm.
1. Describe the general structure of
the round-worm.
Ruminantia.
1. What are the distinctive and dental
characters of the order ruminantia?
2. Describe their digestive apparatus.
3. What is the structure of the horns
of the different genera of ruminantia ?
4. Describe the act of rumination, and
the principal modifications in the struc-
ZOOLOGY.
113
Ruminantia — continued.
ture of the digestive organs presented in
the class.
Salpa.
1. Give an outline of the structure and
life-history of a salpa.
Sea-Urchins.
1. Describe the sea-urchins.
2. To what class and order do they
belong ?
3. Describe the shell or test of a sea-
urchin, with its appendages.
Silk.
1. What animals produce silk ; and by
what organs is the silk formed ?
Skeletons.
1. Compare the skeletons of a duck,
hawk, pigeon.
Snail.
1. Describe the organs of circulation
of a snail.
2. Describe the respiratory organs in a
common snail.
3. Compare and contrast the structure
of a whelk with that of a snail.
Spermatozoa.
1. What animals have motionless
spermatozoa ?
Sponges.
1. State what you know of the repro-
ductive processes in sponges.
2. How are sponges characterised
structurally 1
3. What reasons are urged for placing
sponges among the coelenterata ?
4. To what division of the animal
kingdom do sponges belong ?
Spontaneous.
1. What is meant by spontaneous
generation ?
Star.
1. Describe the locomotive apparatus
of a common star-fish.
2. Describe the structure of an ordi-
nary star-fish, under the following heads :
Star — continued.
(1) the alimentary system ; (2) the water-
vascular system ; (3) the nervous system ;
(4) the reproductive system.
Stomach.
1. What is meant by a simple, a com-
plex, and a compound stomach ?
Taenia.
1. Describe the structure and develop-
ment of the genus taenia solium — tape-
worm.
Thread.
1. What is the structure of a thread-
cell?
2. What is the highest group of
animals armed with a thread-cell ?
Tiger.
1. What is the area of distribution of
the tiger ?
Tunicata.
1. Give the characters of the class
tunicata.
2. Contrast a bryozoon with a tuni-
cata.
3. Describe the nervous system of a
tunicata.
Vermes.
1. By what characters are vermes
divisible into groups larger than classes ?
Vertebrata.
1. Give the distinctive characters of
the five classes of vertebrata.
2. What classes of the veretebrata
have quadrate bones ?
3. What are the chief peculiarities of
the structure of the vertebral columns in
the different classes of vertebrata ?
4. Describe the structure of the heart
in vertebrata.
5. Give an account of the principal
modifications of the respiratory apparatus
in vertebrata.
Vultures.
1. Give an account of the peculiarities
of the vultures.
THE END.
LUfcllE, TINDAUL, AND COX, 20, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.
|
The 11th century BC started the first day of 1100 BC and ended the last day of 1001 BC. The events below may have happened in this century.
Events
1089 BC: Melanthus, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 37 years.
1069 BC: Ramses XI dies, ending the Twentieth Dynasty.
1068 BC: Codrus, legendary King of Athens, dies in battle against Dorian invaders.
1050 BC: Philistines capture the Ark of the Covenant from Israel in battle. (Approximate date)
1048 BC: Medon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years.
1046 BC: King Wu of Zhou becomes first king of the Zhou Dynasty.
1042 BC: King Cheng of Zhou succeeds King Wu as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China,
1039 BC: Neferkare Amenemnisu, king of Egypt, dies.
c. 1020 BC: Destruction of Troy VIIb2.
1026 BC: Saul becomes the first king of the Israelites.
1020 BC: King Kang of Zhou succeeds King Cheng as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China.
1012 BC: Acastus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 36 years.
1003 BC: David succeeds Saul.
1000s BC: Earliest evidence of farming in the Kenya highlands.
c. 1000 BC: Latins come to Italy from the Danube region.
1000s BC: Phoenician alphabet invented. |
<p>I'm using the Marketpress plugin in Wordpress that has been customized to allow multiple items to be added to the cart with a single click. My problem is on this <a href="http://simplygreatresumes.minnebyte.com/job-seekers-add-on-services/" rel="nofollow">page</a></p>
<p>The 'add to cart' button displays in Chrome just fine, but fails to display in IE. I believe the problem is in this area </p>
<pre><code>if($(".mp_button_addcart").length){
if($('body').hasClass('page-id-1563') || $('body').hasClass('page-id-391')){
console.log('show');
$('.page-bkp-frame').last().append('<input style="display:block" class="total_adddcart" type="button" name="addcart" value="Add To Cart >>" onclick="javascript:addcart_all();" >');
}else{
$('.mp_button_addcart').show();
$('.chk-addcart').remove();
$('.mp_buy_form').attr('style', '');
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>Any help is greatly appreciated.</p> |
<p>I know that the presence of the more view controller (navigation bar) pushes down the UIView by its height. I also know that this height = 44px. I have also discovered that this push down maintains the <code>[self.view].frame.origin.y = 0</code>.</p>
<p>So how do I determine the height of this navigation bar, other than just setting it to a constant?</p>
<p>Or, shorter version, how do I determine that my UIView is showing with the navigation bar on top?</p>
<hr>
<p>The light bulb started to come on. Unfortunately, I have not discovered a uniform way to correct the problem, as described below.</p>
<p>I believe that my whole problem centers on my autoresizingMasks. And the reason I have concluded that is the same symptoms exist, with or without a UIWebView. And that symptom is that everything is peachy for Portrait. For Landscape, the bottom-most UIButton pops down behind the TabBar.</p>
<p>For example, on one UIView, I have, from top to bottom:</p>
<p>UIView – both springs set (default case) and no struts</p>
<p>UIScrollView - If I set the two springs, and clear everything else (like the UIView), then the UIButton intrudes on the object immediately above it. If I clear everything, then UIButton is OK, but the stuff at the very top hides behind the StatusBar Setting only the top strut, the UIButton pops down behind the Tab Bar.</p>
<p>UILabel and UIImage next vertically – top strut set, flexible everywhere else</p>
<p>Just to complete the picture for the few that have a UIWebView:</p>
<p>UIWebView - Struts: top, left, right Springs: both</p>
<p>UIButton – nothing set, i.e., flexible everywhere</p>
<p>Although my light bulb is dim, there appears to be hope.</p>
<hr>
<p>Please bear with me because I needed more room than that provided for a short reply comment.</p>
<p>Thanks for trying to understand what I am really fishing for ... so here goes.</p>
<p>1) Each UIViewController (a TabBar app) has a UIImage, some text and whatever on top. Another common denominator is a UIButton on the bottom. On some of the UIViewControllers I have a UIWebView above the UIButton.</p>
<p>So, UIImage, text etc. UIWebView (on SOME) UIButton</p>
<p>Surrounding all the above is a UIScrollView.</p>
<p>2) For those that have a UIWebView, its autoresizingMask looks like:</p>
<pre><code> —
|
—
^
|
|
</code></pre>
<p>|—| ←----→ |—|
|
|
V
The UIButton's mask has nothing set, i.e., flexible everywhere</p>
<p>Within my -viewDidLoad, I call my -repositionSubViews within which I do the following:</p>
<p>If there is no UIWebView, I do nothing except center the UIButton that I placed with IB.</p>
<p>If I do have a UIWebView, then I determine its *content*Height and set its frame to enclose the entire content.</p>
<pre><code>UIScrollView *scrollViewInsideWebView = [[webView_ subviews] lastObject];
webViewContentHeight = scrollViewInsideWebView.contentSize.height;
[webView_ setFrame:CGRectMake(webViewOriginX, webViewOriginY,
sameWholeViewScrollerWidth, webViewContentHeight)]
</code></pre>
<p>Once I do that, then I programmatically push the UIButton down so that it ends up placed below the UIWebView.</p>
<p>Everything works, until I rotate it from Portrait to Landscape.</p>
<p>I call my -repositionSubViews within my -didRotateFromInterfaceOrientation.</p>
<p>Why does the content height of my UIWebView not change with rotation?.</p>
<p>From Portrait to Landscape, the content width should expand and the content height should shrink. It does visually as it should, but not according to my NSLog.</p>
<p>Anyway, with or without a UIWebView, the button I've talked about moves below the TabBar when in Landscape mode but it will not scroll up to be seen. I see it behind the TabBar when I scroll "vigorously", but then it "falls back" behind the TabBar.</p>
<p>Bottom line, this last is the reason I've asked about the height of the TabBar and the NavigationBar because the TabBar plants itself at the bottom of the UIView and the NavigationBar pushes the UIView down.</p>
<p>Now, I'm going to add a comment or two here because they wouldn't have made sense earlier.</p>
<p>With no UIWebView, I leave everything as is as seen by IB.</p>
<p>With a UIWebView, I increase the UIWebView's frame.height to its contentHeight and also adjust upward the height of the surrounding UIScrollView that surrounds all the sub-views.</p>
<p>Well there you have it.</p> |
Uttar Pradesh (, ) is a state in northern India. For short, people call it UP. Lucknow is the capital city of UP.
The population of the state is 199,581,477 (census 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other state of India. It covers an area of 93,933 mi² (243,286 km²). It is bigger than the United Kingdom but smaller than Guinea. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the North Indian zone.
Geography
Uttar Pradesh has a long border with Nepal to the north. Next to it are also the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. There are two geographical main regions:-
The larger Gangetic Plain in the north: it includes the Ganga-Yamuna Doab; the Ghaghra plains; the Ganga plains and the Terai. It has highly fertile soils and flat topography. There are also many ponds, lakes and rivers.
The smaller Vindhya Range and plateau region in the south. There are hills, plains, valleys and plateau. It is harder to get water.
Divisions of Uttar Pradesh
Agra Division
Aligarh Division
Allahabad Division
Azamgarh Division
Bareilly Division
Basti Division
Chitrakoot (Dham) Division
Devipatan Division
Faizabad Division
Gorakhpur Division
Jhansi Division
Kanpur Division
Lucknow Division
Meerut Division
Mirzapur Division
Muradabad Division
Saharanpur Division
Varanasi Division
Climate
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is mostly subtropical. However weather conditions change a lot depending on where one lives and the season.
Temperature: The average temperatures vary from 12.5–17.5°C (54.5–63.5°F) in January to 27.5–32.5°C (81.5–90.5°F) in May and June. The highest temperature recorded in the State was 49.9°C (121.8°F). It was at Gonda on May 8, 1958.
Rainfall: Rainfall is between 1,000 and 2,000 mm (40–80 inches) in the east and between 600 and 1,000 mm (24–40 inches) in the west. Most of the rain is due to the southwest monsoon. It lasts from June to September. Consequently, floods are a problem during those seasons. They badly damage crops and property.
Droughts: They occur when the monsoon does not come in the usual season. It leads to crop failure.
Snowfall: In the Himalayan region of the State it usually snows from 3 to 5 metres (10 to15 feet) between December and March.
Transportation
Airways: The state has four important airports and 23 air strips. They are in Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi. Lucknow is the biggest and most important airport of the state.
Railways: Almost all the major cities and even some smaller cities are linked. The state has the largest railway network in the country. Its total length is 8,546 km (2006). It has the sixth largest railway density.
Roadways: The state has the largest road network in the country. The biggest is Maharashtra. There are 31 National Highways (NH). In total they are of 4,942 km (8.5% of total NH length in India). It has the seventh highest road density in the India (1,027 km per 1000 km2 in 2002). It also has the largest surfaced urban road network in the country (50,721 km, as on 2002). Cities of Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Allahabad, Varanasi, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Noida, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Mathura, Agra and Ghazipur are connected to many National Highways.
Waterways: The river Ganges - from Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) to Haldia (West Bengal) - has been declared as National Waterway (NW)-I and 600 km of the total NW-I lies in Uttar Pradesh.
Provincial symbols of Uttar Pradesh |
Jean-Denis Bredin (17 May 1929 – 1 September 2021) was a French attorney. He was known for being the founding partner of the firm Bredin Prat. He was a member of the Académie française. He was elected on 15 June 1989.
Bredin died on 1 September 2021 in Paris, aged 92.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
French lawyers
Writers from Paris |
An examination (exam) is a test. Many things may be examined, but the word is most often used for an assessment of a person. It measures a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness or ability or standing in some other topic. It is a set of questions designed to measure those things. Examinations change and evolve. They have been used since ancient times.
In its widest sense, to examine is to look at something very carefully, perhaps to find the cause of a problem. Someone who is ill may need to go to a doctor for a medical examination. A mechanic may examine a machine to find why it is not working properly.
In education an examination is a test to show the knowledge and ability of a student. A student who takes an examination is a candidate. The person who decides how well the student has performed is the examiner. An examination may be a written test, an on-screen test or a practical test. Examples of a practical test may be: driving a car, speaking a language, playing a musical instrument and doing a scientific experiment. An on-screen test is a test which uses the computer.
If the candidate is successful he will have passed the examination. If he is unsuccessful he will have failed. In some cases it is possible for a student who has failed to take the exam again another time.
A student who passes an examination may get a certificate or diploma. Some certificates are professional qualifications, allowing the person to do a particular job, e.g. plumber, teacher, doctor, lawyer.
References
Education
Tests |
Augusto Ernesto dos Santos Silva (born 20 August 1956) is a Portuguese sociologist, university professor, and politician. He has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the António Costa cabinet since 2015. He is a member of the Socialist Party.
Silva was also the Minister of Education from 2000 until 2001, Minister of Culture from 2001 until 2002, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 2005 until 2009 and Minister of National Defence from 2009 until 2011.
References
1956 births
Living people
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese scientists
Sociologists
Academics |
<p>I am trying to debug an existing Android app that uses tensorflow-lite to detect objects. The app implements the tensorflow library like below :</p>
<pre><code>implementation('org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite:0.0.0-nightly') { changing = true }
implementation('org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite-gpu:0.0.0-nightly') { changing = true }
implementation('org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite-support:0.0.0-nightly') { changing = true }
</code></pre>
<p>But examples I have found online for object detection, have implemented tensorflow-lite in the following way :</p>
<pre><code>implementation 'org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite-task-vision:0.2.0'
</code></pre>
<p>My questions are:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>What is the difference between using the nightly snapshot and the "normal" library. From what I can gather online, the nightly build is an experimental branch and may contain bugs? I'm just confused about this because the existing app does not contain a reference to sonatype maven repository, which I understand was required to get the nightly builds to work in the app.</p>
<pre><code> allprojects {
mavenCentral
maven {
name 'ossrh-snapshot'
url 'http://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots'
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>My second question is what does this do line do : <code>{ changing = true }</code> ?</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>PS: We are using our own custom trained model/tflite.</p> |
Arved Birnbaum (1962 – 24 October 2021) was a German actor. He was known for playing Max Riemelt's earth senior in Dennis Gansel's vampire thriller/drama We Are The Night. He played over 60 roles in movies and television, beginning in 1999. He was born in Forst, Germany.
Birnbaum died on 24 October 2021 in Cologne, Germany at the age of 59.
References
1962 births
2021 deaths
German movie actors
German television actors
German stage actors |
Dardenac is a commune. It is in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde |
Girl Meets World is an American coming of age sitcom. The show first aired on Disney Channel on June 27, 2014, and ended on January 20, 2017. It followed the premiere of the Disney Channel Original Movie, Zapped. Girl Meets World is a sequel to the sitcom Boy Meets World. The original show aired on ABC in its TGIF block from 1993 to 2000. On August 6, 2014, Girl Meets World was renewed for a second season by Disney Channel.
Plot
The show follows Cory and Topanga Matthews' daughter Riley (Rowan Blanchard) and her best friend, Maya Hart (Sabrina Carpenter) as they go through the challenges of life as they start seventh grade. The show also features their classmates Lucas (Peyton Meyer) and Farkle (Corey Fogelmanis), and Riley's younger brother Auggie (August Maturo). The show is set in New York City where Cory and Topanga moved to in the Boy Meets World series finale.
Series overview
Awards and nominations
References
Other websites
2010s American television series
2014 American television series debuts
American sitcoms
Disney Channel shows
Television series about families
Television series by Disney
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs |
\
In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined for the unit hyperbola rather than on the unit circle: just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the hyperbola.
Hyperbolic functions occur in the calculations of angles and distances in hyperbolic geometry. They also occur in the solutions of many linear differential equations, cubic equations, and Laplace's equation in Cartesian coordinates. Laplace's equations are important in many areas of physics.
The basic hyperbolic functions are:
hyperbolic sine "sinh" (),
hyperbolic cosine "cosh" (),
from which are derived:
hyperbolic tangent "tanh" (),
hyperbolic cosecant "csch" or "cosech" ()
hyperbolic secant "sech" (),
hyperbolic cotangent "coth" (),
corresponding to the derived trigonometric functions.
The inverse hyperbolic functions are:
area hyperbolic sine "arsinh" (also denoted "sinh−1", "asinh" or sometimes "arcsinh")
area hyperbolic cosine "arcosh" (also denoted "cosh−1", "acosh" or sometimes "arccosh"
and so on.
The hyperbolic functions take a real argument called a hyperbolic angle. The size of a hyperbolic angle is twice the area of its hyperbolic sector. The hyperbolic functions may be defined in terms of the legs of a right triangle covering this sector.
Hyperbolic functions were introduced in the 1760s independently by Vincenzo Riccati and Johann Heinrich Lambert.
Definitions
There are various equivalent ways to define the hyperbolic functions.
Exponential definitions
In terms of the exponential function:
Hyperbolic sine: the odd part of the exponential function, that is
Hyperbolic cosine: the even part of the exponential function, that is
Hyperbolic tangent:
Hyperbolic cotangent: for ,
Hyperbolic secant:
Hyperbolic cosecant: for ,
Useful relations
The hyperbolic functions satisfy many identities, all of them similar in form to the trigonometric identities.
Odd and even functions:
Hence:
Thus, and are even functions; the others are odd functions.
Hyperbolic sine and cosine satisfy:
the last of which is similar to the Pythagorean trigonometric identity.
One also has
for the other functions.
Comparison with circular functions
The hyperbolic functions represent an expansion of trigonometry beyond the functions defined on unit circle. Both types depend on one argument, either circular angle or hyperbolic angle.
Since the area of a circular sector with radius r and angle u (in radians) is r2u/2, it will be equal to u when r = . In the diagram, such a circle is tangent to the hyperbola xy = 1 at (1,1). The yellow sector depicts an area and angle magnitude. Similarly, the yellow and red sectors together depict an area and hyperbolic angle magnitude.
The legs of the two right triangles with hypotenuse on the ray defining the angles are of length times the circular and hyperbolic functions.
Relationship to the exponential function
The decomposition of the exponential function in its even and odd parts gives the identities
and
The first one is analogous to Euler's formula
Additionally,
Related pages
e (mathematical constant)
Trigonometric functions
References
Other websites
Hyperbolic functions on PlanetMath
GonioLab: Visualization of the unit circle, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions (Java Web Start)
Web-based calculator of hyperbolic functions
Functions and mappings
Trigonometry |
Jonathan James "Jon" English (26 March 1949 – 9 March 2016) was an English-born Australian singer, songwriter, musician and actor. He was an early member of the band Sebastian Hardie. He played the role of Judas Iscariot in the Australian production of the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar in 1972. He also performed in Gilbert and Sullivan's operettas The Pirates of Penzance, The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore from 1984. He also acted in a number of television series. As a solo singer, his best known songs were "Turn the Page", "Hollywood Seven", "Words are Not Enough", "Six Ribbons" and "Hot Town".
English was born in Hampstead, London. He moved to Sydney as a child in 1961. He had four children. He was a fan of the Parramatta Eels.
English died from an aortic aneurysm caused by surgery problems on 9 March 2016 in Newcastle, New South Wales. He was 66.
References
Other websites
1949 births
2016 deaths
Actors from London
Actors from Sydney
Australian comedians
Australian guitarists
Australian movie actors
Australian rock singers
Australian songwriters
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New South Wales
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
Deaths from surgical complications
Musicians from Sydney
Naturalised citizens of Australia
People from Hampstead
Singers from London
Writers from Sydney |
A dodecagon or 12-gon is a shape with 12 sides and 12 corners.
Regular dodecagon
All sides of a regular dodecagon are the same length. Each corner is 150°. All corners added together equal 1800°.
Area
The amount of space a regular dodecagon takes up is
The variable A represents the area, and the variable a represents the apothem.
Perimeter
The perimeter of a regular dodecagon is
The variable P represents the perimeter, and the variable s represents one side.
12 |
The Topkapı Palace is a palace in Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey. Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish means the "Cannongate Palace". It was built in 1465. The palace was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire. It was turned into a museum at the request of Turkey's first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1924. It was built on the acropolis, the site of the first settlement in Istanbul. The palace has an very good view of the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara. The palace is surrounded by 5km of walls. It has an area of 700,000 sq. m at the tip of the historical peninsula.
First Court
The First Court (or Alay Meydanı) spans over the entire Seraglio Point and is surrounded by high walls. This court was also known as the Court of the Janissaries or the Parade Court.
The main gate is called Bab-ı Hümayun, simply the Imperial Gate. Apart from the Topkapı Palace, the First Court also contains the old imperial mint (constructed in 1727), the church of Hagia Eirene, the Archeology Museum (constructed during the 19th century) and various fountains, pavilions (for example, the Çinili Pavilion, or Tiled Pavilion) and gardens (including the Gülhane Park, the old imperial rose garden).
The Çinili Pavilion (1472) has many superb examples of Iznik tiles. It now houses the Museum of Islamic Art.
The Fountain of the Executioner is where the executioner washed his hands and sword after a beheading. The Fountain of Ahmed III is an example of Rococo work.
The huge Gate of Greeting (Bab-üs Selam) leads into the palace and the Second Court (Divan Meydanı).
Second Court
The second court is a park surrounded by the palace hospital, bakery, Janissary quarters, stables, the imperial Harem and Divan to the north and the kitchens to the south. The kitchens today contain one of the world's largest collections of Chinese blue-and-white and celadon porcelain, valued by the sultans because it was supposed to change color if the food or drink it contained was poisoned.
The Divan Salonu, or Imperial Council Chamber, was where the sultan's counselors and functionaries met to discuss the empire's affairs. The Sultan could overhear from a concealed grille.
Third Court
Beyond the Gate of Felicity (Bab-üs Saadet) is the Third Court which is the heart of the palace, a lush garden surrounded by the Hall of the Privy Chamber (Has Oda) occupied by the palace officials, the treasury (which contains some of the finest treasures of the Ottoman age, including the Sacred Trusts), the Harem and some pavilions, with the library of Ahmed III in the center.
The Treasury holds some of the most famous and spectacular jewels in the world, including the famous Topkapı Dagger. In 1747, the Sultan had this dagger made for Nadir Shah of Persia, but the Shah was assassinated before the emissary had left the Ottoman Empire's boundaries and so the Sultan retained it. There are three large emeralds in the hilt and the sheath is worked with diamonds and enamel. This dagger was the subject of the famous film Topkapi.
The Harem was home to the Sultan's mother, the Valide sultan; the concubines and wives of the Sultan; and the rest of his family, including children; and their servants. There are approximately 300 rooms (though only about twenty are open to the public), and the Harem housed as many as 500 people, which sometimes amounted up to 300 women, their children, and the eunuchs.
Many of the rooms and features in the Harem were designed by Sinan, a famous architect of the Ottoman Empire.
The Pavilion of the Holy Mantle holds the cloak of Mohammed, his sword, his teeth, his beard, and other relics which are known as the Sacred Trusts. Even the Sultan and his family were permitted entrance only once a year, on the 15th day of Ramadan, during the time when the Palace was a residence. Now any visitor can see these items and many Muslims come on pilgrimage for this purpose.
Related pages
Ottoman architecture
Dolmabahçe Palace
Topkapi manuscript
Islamic architecture
Gülhane Park
Other websites
Official website in English
Bilkent University web site Floor plan of Topkapı Palace
Topkapi Palace Audioguide visit map Audioguide Seslirehber Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace photos
palaces
Buildings and structures in Turkey |
Polignano a Mare (; Barese: ) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy, located on the Adriatic Sea.
References
Other websites
Official website
Towns in Italy
Settlements in Apulia |
<p>Here is the layout of an example Class, can someone guide me on what's best practice when creating a subclass of NSObject?</p>
<pre><code>class MyClass: NSObject {
var someProperty: NSString! = nil
override init() {
self.someProperty = "John"
super.init()
}
init(fromString string: NSString) {
self.someProperty = string
super.init()
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>Is this correct, am I following best practice here?</p>
<p>I wonder if I'm correctly setting up the initializers (one that sets the string to a default, and one which I can pass in a string)?</p>
<p>Should I call <code>super.init()</code> at the end of each of the initializers?</p>
<p>Should my more <strong>specific</strong> (the one that takes a string) initializer simply call <code>self.init()</code> at the end rather than <code>super.init()</code>?</p>
<p>What is the right way to set up the initializers in Swift when subclassing <code>NSObject</code>? - and how should I call the super init ?</p>
<p>This question (albeit in Objective C) suggests you should have an init, which you always call and simply set the properties in more specific inits: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2026914/objective-c-multiple-initialisers">Objective-C Multiple Initialisers</a></p> |
Neoptolemos (or Latin Neoptolemus) is a person in Greek mythology. He is an important person in the Trojan War.
Neoptolemus was the son of Achilles and Deidamea. He was needed to win the Trojan War. He killed King Priam and Astyanax, sacrificed Polyxena to his dead father Achilles, and took Helenus and Andromache with him as slaves.
He was later killed by Orestes because he was going to marry Hermione, who Orestes wanted for himself.
People in Greek mythology |
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A dollhouse (or doll house) is a toy home made in miniature. Dollhouses have been mainly for children. Making and collecting them, however, is also a hobby for many adults. In the United States and Canada, the term dollhouse is used. In the United Kingdom, the term doll's house is used.
Early dollhouses were seen more than 400 years ago as baby house display cases in Europe. Smaller dollhouses that looked like real houses on the outside appeared in Europe in the 18th century.
Early dollhouses were hand-made. After the Industrial Revolution and World War II, doll houses were mass produced. They became more standard and cost less to buy.
Mass-produced dollhouses include those related to the Barbie doll.
One famous dollhouse is Queen Mary's dollhouse. It took four years to build. Another is Colleen Moore's dollhouse. It took seven years to build.
References
Toys |
<p>I want to insert current time in database using mySQL function NOW() in Codeigniter's active record. The following query won't work:</p>
<pre><code>$data = array(
'name' => $name ,
'email' => $email,
'time' => NOW()
);
$this->db->insert('mytable', $data);
</code></pre>
<p>This is because CodeIgniter’s ActiveRecord class automatically escapes the input.</p>
<p>The following works fine, by calling set() and passing peratmeter FALSE, so that it doesn't escape the NOW().</p>
<pre><code>$data = array(
'name' => $name ,
'email' => $email,
);
$this->db->set('time', 'NOW()', FALSE);
$this->db->insert('mytable', $data);
</code></pre>
<p>However, my question is that is there any other way than this? For example, if i can use somehow use by adding everything in the data array only?
For example, something like:</p>
<pre><code>$data = array(
'name' => $name ,
'email' => $email,
'time' => NOW(), FALSE
);
</code></pre> |
Zumbrota is a city in Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the North Fork of the Zumbro River. The population was 3,252 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Minnesota |
Heraclion is the biggest city of Crete. 132,000 lived there in 2001 census. Heraclion is in the north of Crete. It is near Knossos, the ancient capital of Crete and the center of Minoan civilization. Heraclion has a big harbor which it connects Heraclion with continental Greece. Heraclion has a hot summer Mediterranean climate.
Places of interest
The most interesting sight in Heraclion is the Venetian square with a marble fountain. Venice ruled Heraclion from the 13th to 16th century. There are still many important monuments from this time. The medieval fort in the town is another important sight. The fort was built by Arabians, Byzantines, and Venetians while each group ruled the city.
Cities in Greece
Crete |
Geraldo Humberto Flores Reyes (9 December 1925 – 17 February 2022) was a Guatemalan Roman Catholic prelate. Flores Reyes was born in Guatemala City, Guatemala. He became a priest in 1949.
Flores Reyes was titular bishop of Nova Caesaris and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Altos Quetzaltenango-Totonicapán, Guatemala, from 1966 to 1969. He later was apostolic administrator of the Apostolic Vicariate of Izabal, Guatemala from 1969 to 1977. He also was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verapaz, Guatemala from 1971 to 2001.
Flores Reyes died on 17 February 2022, at the age of 96.
References
1925 births
2022 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
People from Guatemala City |
Civil Contract (, , ՔՊ, KP, often shortened to Քաղպայմանագիր, K'aghpaymanagir) is a centrist political party in Armenia. It was created in 2013. They are currently the majority party in the National Assembly.
References
Armenia |
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que eomponen aqueixa eol-leceiói
Oàrlos Bonaventura Àribau.
Joseph Sol y Padris.
Francisco Permanyèr.
Josepa Massanes.
Pere Mala.
Joaquim Rubió.
Joan Vinadèr.
Manuel Milà.
Joaquim Roca y Cornet.
Joan Cortada.
Jaume Balmes.
Víctor Balaguer.
Guillem Forleza.
Miquel Anton Martí.
Adòlfo Blanch,
luissebi Pascual.
Salvador Estrada.
Bonaventura Pons.
üàmaso Calvel.
Pere Gras.
Francisco Morera.
Isabel de Villamartin.
Francisco M uns.
Mariano Aguiló.
Tomàs. Aguiló.
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A LA JOVENTUT CATALANA.
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del arbre corpulent la verda fulla,
que si, tira, despulla
al camp l'ivern, y res no vol salvarne,
vè après la primavera,
y, renaixènt la forsa amortiguàda,
apareix la verdor allre vegada.
Bè pot, aterradòra,
bramar la tempestat que roda vaga,
y fins la veu sonora
apagar del aussèll que lluny s'amaga:
lo vent après se gira;
torna í5 brillar lo cel en sa hermòsura,
y a cantar l' aussèll torna per la altura.
Ditxòsa es la esperansa,
que de tot ser creat manté la vida !
per tu jamay se cansa
lo trist, a qui la sort, cruel, olvida:
pertot lo sol se mostra,
— 12 —
y, al) sa claror, que en tòl se reverbera ,
r home, l'aussèll, lo camp y lòt espera.
Així mateix se gosan
los reyalmes y estats que glòria claman;
los pobles, que no osan
fèr reviurer encarerbè qu'èlls aman:
així, mirant son arpa,
qu'est.i polsosa, l' trobador somnia,
pensant poder cantar en millor dia.
Mès, ay!... hi ha una terra,
a qui abans la csperansa may dèixaba,
a la que, en pau y en guerra,
sempre 1' llorer de glòria rodejaba;
un jorn fuji sa estrella,
tapa un núbol lo sol qu' èra sa vida ,
y sobre Is' llorers secs queda adormida.
Si algú vol visitaria,
jo l'guiaré, valent, per la sendèra;
si algú vol saludaria,
jo r portaré hòn reposa sa bandera;
qui sospiraria intenti...
en això jay! pèr guia no m' esculli:
sa guia serií l'foch qu'en son pit bulli.
Regió sembla escullida,
hòn lo Senyor sembrà per lòt grandesa;
son camp, frondós, convida;
com manlèils, de sos monts cubreix la altesa,
la aigua, la sal, la nèu,
y, de columnas plé, un d' alt s'ostènla,
quel' palau deMaria representa.
També la mar altiva
— \ó —
liesa las plaljes de eixa terra vella ;
mès, à l'òna qii'arriba,
i oh fills! no pregunteu l'historia d'èlIa,
que fóra sa resposta,
iraurer de sí fragments de glòria antiga,
y escupirlos al front del qui la osliga !
Fugiu del mar, íugíu !
si son bram escollabau en nit quieta,
un eco fort y viu
os semblaria, veu en plors desfeta,
que, en vostre accent parlantne,
os diu : — i Lo català hòn es ?. . . aliòn ?
cuatre segles que l'crido y no mVespon !! —
Fugiu, donchs, de las platjes,
y al cor veniu d' aqueixa hermòsa terra :
veureu bonichs vilatges,
y un castell en lo cim de cada serra,
lèmplesque maravellan,
lòml3as hòn hi ha los héroes de sa historia,
y en cada pedra un monument de glòria.
Ja sè que, en sa presencia,
transportantvos al goig de edats passadas,
trist plant, sens resistència,
fareu per lantas cosas olvidadas;
mès ^lo plorar qu' importa,
si r sol del patrio araòr la anima inflama,
y reviu 1' esperansa ab viva flama?
Tal llum hermòsa y pura
forsa os dara per contemplar gustosos ;
veyènt que sempre dura
lo que fòu gran, llavors mès valeròsos
— \'i — '
puhlicarho voldreu,
y, dant al propi accent sa valentia,
despertareu la terra que dormia.
Porta, donclis, prest la lira,
nou trobador que en somnis bells espèras,
y alegre ja respira,
que consol podrà's dar a tas quinièras:
jo t' contaré una historia :
tu portarme podnis, en pagodcMIa,
un cant de ton país, una flor bella.
Veniu, sí, tòl.s, veniu !
los que habitau las planas dilaladas,
losqueconlcnts viviu
a prop de las montanyas elevadas,
veniu, plens de esperansa,
y vostre cant escoltarà agraida
la pàtria, pus en ella veu sa vida !
DoFARULI,.
ADVERTÈNCIA.
I'
L• OBJECTE d' aqueix llibre es sols donar un testi-
moni del nou esperit literari que alènta al país, pe-
ra fèr reviurer en èll la llengua de sos antichs hé-
roes. La col•lecció, per tant, es escullida de entre
los mòlts que escriuen ja en català; mès, prenèntla
com à preludi de lo que ab temps podrà ésser, no
deurà estranyar lo lector si troba alguna petita di-
ferencia entre 1' modo de escriurer d' uns y d' al-
tres, com la observarà també entre lo nostre català
y lo usat per los poelas mallorquins que han con-
tribuit à la realisació del pensament.
Lo sistema ortog^àfich que generalment se ha se-
guit es, no obstant, resultat de comparacions ab es-
crits de bona època, y, per consegüent, lo mès ec-
— 8 —
zacte pera poder fícsar las ínflecsíòns, confusas per
mòlts en los signes, de nostra llengua, com se veu-
rà per lo reduit us de la ç, empleada sols en certs
casos, y la adopció de la z per espresar la s dòlsa
entre consonant y vocal (tretze^ eczacle, hròn-
zo, etcj.
Lo contengut en èix volum se repartirà ènlre
varias seccions que s' denominaran: — Palria. —
Sentiment. — Romansos. — Amor. — Religió. — Tri-
but.— Passatemps. — Llengualjeantich. — ; seguint
après una llista dels títols corresponents à las com-
posicions de cada autor, pera major comodilal.
J
OM)
DEDICATÒRIA
DEL COL•LECTOR AL PUBLICAR LA OBRA.
Al temps passat Una llàgrima.
A^Pi"esènt Un sospir.
Al esdevenidor Una ullada.
B.
^MiiiM«iiy^-
— n —
é: MA BàMMA^
A Dèu siau, turons, per sempre a Dèu siau,
0 serras desiguals, que, allí en la pàtria mia,
Dels núbols e del cel de lluny vos distingia,
Per lo repòs etern, per lo color mès blau !
A Dèu, tu vell Monseny, que, des ton alt palau,
Com guarda vigilant, cubert de boyra e nèu,
Guaytas per un forat la tomba del Jueu, (1)
E al mitg del mar inmens la mallorquina nau !
Jo ton superbe front coneixia llavors.
Com conèixer pogués lo front de mos parents ;
Coneixia també lo só de tos torrents,
Com la veu de ma mare ó de mon fill los plors.
Mès, arrancat desprès per fats perseguidors,
Ja no conech ni sent com en millors vegadas ;
Axí d' arbre migrat a terras apartadas,
Son gust perden los fruyts e son perfum las flors.
^Qué val que m' haja tret una enganyosa sort
A veurer de mès prop las torres de Castella,
Si r cant dels trobadors no sent la mia orella,
(1) Montjouicb de Barcelòua.
— Í8 —
Ni desperta en mon pit un generós recort?
En va é mon dols pais en alas jo ra' trasporl,
E veig del Llobregat la platja serpentina,
Que, fora de cantaren llengua llemosina,
No m' queda mès plalier, no tinch altre conorl.
Plííurae encara parlar la llengua d' aquells sabis.
Que ompliren 1' univers de llurs costums e Uèys,
La llengua d' aquells forts que acataren los rèys,
Defengueren llurs drets, venjaren llurs agravis.
Muyra, muyra l' ingrat que, al sonar en sos llavis
Per estranya regió I' accent natiu, no plora,
Que, al pensar en sos llars, no s' consum ni s' anyòra.
Ni cull del mur sagrat las liras dels seus avis.
En llemosí sona lo mèu primervagit,
Quant del mugró matern la dòlsa llet bebia,
En llemosí al Senyor pregava cada dia,
E canticlis llcmosins somiava cada nit.
Si, quant me trobo sol, pari' ab mon esperit,
En llemosí li pari', que llengua altra no sent,
E ma boca llavors no sab mentir ni mènl,
Puix surten mas rahòns del centre de mon pit.
Ix, donchs, per expressar 1' afecte mòs sagrat
Que puga d' home en cor gravar la ma del cel,
0 llòngua à mos sentits mes dòlsa que la mel,
Que m' tornas las virtuts de ma inocònta edat.
Ix, é crida pel mòn, que may mon cor ingrat
Cessard de cantar de mon patró la glòria ;
E passia per ta veu son nom e sa memòria
Als propis, als estranys, d la posteritat !
AtlBAl'.
ém
— 25 —
en los goigs, en I' amor,
sempre has estat de mos desitxs fogòsos,
nineta ab qui partia la esperansa,
partia 1' mèu temor.
Entre Is' esclaus que besan tas cadenas
y sols viuen per tu, sempre anhelaba
tots mos dias passar,
y r port deixant de Ihígrimas piadòsas,
sens tempestat, dels morts a las serenas
tòmbas joyòs baixar.
Mès, la enveja, com vent que al arbre roba
sos rams y fruit, dispersa ma pregaria,
y s' fa de brònzo 1' cel !
Fins al estrem 1' amarch del calzer proba
ma íínima sens conssol, del Ham ferida
que r fat llansd cruel !
Ay ! que I' melós accent casi no sèoto
qu' un temps me conssola, noyet encara,
y amor també m' jura !
Sols novas caras veig, cors durs sols trobo !
Dòlsos recorts, sentidas trobas mento
de mos plahers en va !
Mitx morta flor de son bon clima treta,
pastor en temps de fret, marí sens vela,
sens niu perdut aussèll,
en lo desterro n' es lo trist poeta,
que lluny 1' objecte n' lè, Dèu dels seus himnes,
del seu somni mès bell.
Oh arpa, a Dèu!... d' èix salzer dorm penjada,
fins que clement ; ay ! de ma sort esquinse
lo cel lo núbol fòsch,
— 24 —
y llavors ; ay! de nou, cantars de festa
seran los tèiis, liermòs fent la tonada
de ma cabanya 1' bosch.
VlKlDÈR.
AL MEDITERRANEO.
iQüé volen dir, oh mar, tas ònas escumants,
cuant, tas platjas^atènt ab ròncas^rmonías,
aixècas-fins al cel,salvalges slnfonías,
de accènts^de9Coneguts,y misteriosos cants ?
De nit, cuant lo mon dorm, y cuant la lluna encesa
paseja per lo cel son lluminós fanal,
jo vinch, lo cor ferit de dol y de tristesa,
las frescas a buscar corrent ton arenal.
Dalt d' una roca dret, com guayta en sa torratxa,
tas brisas de consol jo vinch ú respirar,
y ra' plau «i fe sentir per 1' arenosa platja
himnes eterns d' amor tas ònas rodolar.
Y m' plau trobarme sol, que en mitj de lo infinit
las fibras de mon cor per tots sos porós gosan,
y al descubrirme V front, en mos cabells deposan
la pluja de sos plors, las brisas de la nit.
Y m' plau llavors seguir lo curs de las historias,
y evoco dels passats las sòmbras elocuònts.
— 25 —
y m' sembla allí sentir llurs fets y llurs victorias
narradas per ta veu ab rugidòrs accents.
Cuant la boira t' cubreix ab sos obscurs turbants
umplint ta inraensitat de singulars aròmas,
I no veus vagar, oh mar, ènire tas fòscas bròmas,
dels héroes catalans las sòmbras arrogants?
De son sudari blanch ocults entre los pleclis
los liéroes que, sent morts, sòn vius en las historias,
van a' buscar de nit los llochs de sas victorias,
mesclant ab 1' uraca sos plors y sos gemechs.
Y los suspirs ells sòn que 1' aire porta ufa,
que tots sentim passar entre lo vent que plora,
cuant, per lo espay, del Ham la llum enlluernadora
la fosca de la nit ensenya al uraca.
Oh mar, en los recorls que ab lo tèu nom pregònas,
de memorables fets consagras un tresor;
pel' poble català cada una de tas ònas
amaga entre sos plechs lòta una historia d'or.
Mirantme à ton mirall, son vol ma fantasia
aixeca per lo espay, del aire als suaus embats,
y ab veu de patrio amor suplint la poesia,
los liéroes de la mar jo crido à mos costats.
Lo rèy Jaume es aquell. Salut, salut, En Jaume,
del poble ensalsadòr, terror del sarrahins:
tos fets vull recordar de honor y glòria: plaume
cantar ton nora, gloriós fins en remots confins.
— 20 —
Lleó brau d' Aragó, afila ja tas garras:
perquè Is* fassas cristians t' espèran los Balears:
com vidre trencaràs sas còrvas cimitarras,
y temples y ciutats faràs de sos aduars.
Saot elegit de Dòu, al veurer tas galeras,
los moros fugiran com vol dispers d' aucèlls,
ta planta arrugarà los draps de sas bandcras,
y al trouo pujaràs de tres tribus guerrèras,
tres prínceps sarraliins servintte de escambèlls.
Aquell es Pere 1' Gran. Sicilià ja 1' espera
per entregarli V guant del noble degollat.
Sumís óbreli pas, oh mar, íi sa galera,
que, cuant ha nascut èll, lo tèu senyor ha nat.
ÈU es qui dominíí lo inmens orgull de Fransa ;
èll qui al papa digué: « — Puig no m' vols acatar
«com .i llegitim rèy, jo t' juro que, en venjansa,
« m' acalaràs un jorn, al ovirar ma Uansa,
« com ú pare de rèys, com a senyor del mar.»
Aquell es En Alfons. Del pont de sa galera
íí sa Lucrecia veu, de amor reina altanèra,
de la lluna en los raigs son languimènt banyant,
per sobre so'n coll blanch sa negra cabellera,
sos fils de ébano fi llustròsos deslligant.
Dexííuloque joyòs avuy jugue ab lo amor.
Si es galan en la mar, héroe seni en la terra :
lo joch d' amor d' avuy, demà serà de guerra :
soldat serà demà, si avuy es amador.
— 27 —
Demà veur.i ú sos peus a Nàpols Y altanèra,
y sa diadema d' or se cenyirà a son front ;
y, al alsard' Aragó la federal bandera,
lo aclamaran los seus, y lo admirarà I' mòn.
De una galera en lo alt, com dominant los mars,
jo a un home veig blandir son flamejant esquerro,
jo r sento murmurar son rònch Desperta ferro,
que'sjo esperó de honor dels braus almogavars.
Es un senzill soldat, fill brau de la marina,
avuy aventurer, príncep y duc demà ;
si de palla en un jas son front avuy reclina,
de púrpura en un llit demà descansarà.
Que al esténdrer sa ma, de Dèu com un flagell,
caurà sobre l' Orient, que tant domini abarca,
un vol de almogavars, que d son potent monarca
son trono arrancaran, son ceptre y son mantell.
Per ell, tan sols per èll tindran una nació
los néts de Berenguer d' Orient en las arenas ;
per èll, tans sols per èll las barras d' Aragó
tendran per pedestal las cúpulas de Atenas.
SediuRogèrdeFlor.— ^Yaquèliï-iquines aquell?.
Es un altre Roger. Roger, jhonor y glòria !
Roger de Lauria, T fill mimat de la victorià,
iquin trono ha vafgut raay lo pont de ton vaixell?
Cojn de Venècia I' ducs, per novia has pres la mar;
te mima com amant ; sas ònas rumoròsas
— 28 —
com un ramat de xays se l' obren al passar ;
de son espay inmens las bolras misteriòsas,
de ta mirada al ilam, com vels teus esquinsar ;
sas fèras tempestats sòn brisas deliciòsas
que vénen de ton front los Ilors í5 acariciar.
Tilú del mar, los mars somesos d la llèy
jamay te han vist vensut. Gom à grans d' uns rosaris
lu saps esparramar las flotas dels contraris ;
y fòu un rèy per tu trenta vegadas rèy.
Los segles ab amor ton nom repetirà'n.
Ta glòria es inmortal : com lo infinit inmensa ;
ta fama cantaran las arpas de Provensa ;
corònas per ton front las verges teixira'n.
Rogòr, Roger lo gran, tu còntas mès victorias
que delicadas flors no conta un aromòr.
Tu mateix has perdut lo compte de las glorias,
y rèy ó príncep no Ms per no volerho sèr.
Mèntres trepitjo V mon la planta d' un humà',
mèntres estigué V cel brodat de estels de plata,
mí'Utres tinga lo sol son globo de escarlata,
y arenas tinga I' mar, y 1' mòn tinga endemà,
y vol tinga lo auccll, ton nom etern viurjí.
Primor que lo icu nom, que lot lo mòn acata,
primor que lo tèu nom, lo mon se enfonzara. —
Salut, hérocs del mar ! Dèxdu que ma mirada
vos veja à lots passar òntre la boira alada,
deia glòria encorvals sota lo inmens botí.
Salut, brau Requesens, honor de nostra armada
de Lepanlo en lo mar; salut, Vilamarí,
en Nàpols vencedor; y a tu lanibé, Moncada,
lo Neptú calala, flagòll del sarrahí !
— 29 —
Oh tu, Pere Martell, pilot afortunat;
oh tu, Ramon Marquet, de fama tal que espanta,
que sols te detingué de anar íí Terra santa
la que assota tas naus furiosa tempestat;
Oh tu gran paladí, valent Conrat de Llansa,
que i Tunes vas guanyar y n' feres ton palau,
dominant de son rèy l'orgull y la esperansa
y a ta ramèra un jorn donanllo per esclau;
Y vosaltres, Mallol, Ripoll, y Sinisterra,
Entença, Santa Pau, de vostra tomba eixiu;
en las alas del vent que passa a rans de terra,
héroes grans del passat, honiens eterns, veniu !
Veniu, veniu solcant la inmensitat del mar.
Vull véureus reunits ; vull véurer agrupada
dels héroes la nació, y ardènta ma mirada
un poble de gegans de un raig vol abarcar!
Que jo, que tinch, oh mar, de ton recort esment,
al veurer que Is' ingrats tos bells llorers esfullan,
bàtrer sento mon cor hòn sols los recorts bullan,
bullir sento en mon front lo forn del pensamèi
Nostre passat gloriós cert jorn un rèy treni
com tu à la platja veus trencar 1' òna escumosa,
mès puig torna al instant mès brava y orgullosa,
i qui sab si un jorn també com ella tornaríi !
Ta grandesa mirant, oh mar, y ta braVur^,
plé de efusió mon cor saluda als navegants.
Los qui ferms en sa fe, serens, la ma segura,
dins sa closca de nou passejan ta planura,
per forsa han de ser braus, per forsa han de sèr grans!
Per forsa han de sèr braus. Una anima esforsada,
una anima de foch deu batrer dins son pit.
lldU,
èi*^
— 50 ~
tenim per sol lo mar, per volta la estrellada,
tenint per passejar lo vol de sa mirada
lo n)ar, lo cel, lo espay, lo inmens del infinit.
Per forsa han de sèr grans. Guant T uracà Is' acòssa,
tranquils dins de sa nau accèplan lo combat.
Senten brunzir lo vent que son velam destrossa,
senten passar lo Ham que Is' pals del barco abat,
y, cara ú cara ab Deu, que Is' mostra ja la fossa,
contemplan ab orgull fugir la tempestat.
Guant tas ònas com monts veig aixecar airadas,
cuantlas sènlo bramar, oli mar, ab ròncas veus,
jo en las esposas pens' y niares desoladas,
y sempre vaig llavors, ab fe, las mans plegadas,
de la Rògna dels cels a agenollarme als peus.
Qu' es ella lo esperit de la misericòrdia,
lo port del desdixat, lo estel dels caminants,
la font dels amors san^s, lo sol de la concòrdia,
lo bàlsam del consol, lo amor dels navegants.
Y prega mon trist cor pels' pobres que navegan,
que fan cara, en sa nau, al tònips mès borrascòs,
que dels seus infanlòns lo esdevenir enlrègan
al paviment flotant de un mar revolt, furiós.
Mar de ma terra, a Dèu ! Jo tornaré derad,
y parlarem los dòs de las passadas glorias.
Si ab veu de tempestats me cònlas tas historias,
ab cants de patrio amor ma veu te respondríí.
Mar de ma pàtria, .1 Dèu ! Lo sol que naix, al bardo
fa la platja fugir. Demà vindrà de nit.
Guarda tu tos recorts com mon amor jo guardo :
mon amor lò de ioraens lo que tu de infinit ! , . ^ jj^
— D< —
Affiòr sant del país! Lo Has que a èll me aferra,
cada dia es mès grand, puig cada dia creix.
Jo visch de mon amor a ma adorada terra,
com viu cualsevol fruit del arbre que 1' nudreix.
Si tos héroes son grans, lo mèu país es bell.
Tu m' contaràs dels teus los fets y las proèsas,
y jo t' contaré, oh mar, sa glòria y sas grandèsas.
Tu d' ells me parlaràs y jo t' parlaré d' èll.
Y r aire de la nit se emportarà al passar,
com dòs perfums del mar que en V aire se evapòran,
com dòs acordes veus que, cuant se uneixen, ploran,
lo cant del trobador y 1' bram inmens del mar.
fiAL\GUÉH.
LOS CANTS DEL LALETA.
Jo vull cantarte, oh llengua llemosina,
ravdòlsa llengua, amada,
que es català mon cor y no ifenenspreny,
y èll se inspirà en tos cants, llengua divina,
com se inspirà al estèndrer la mirada
sobre lòblanch front del nubulòs Monsenv;
, Jo vull cantarte, ó dòlsa pàtria mia,
ab tas salvatges serras,
ab tos inmensos boscos de verdó',
Y ab tos torrents de màgica armonía,
y ab los recorts de mil gloriosas guerras
que han vist lo Monserràt y I' Canigó.
- 32 —
Mès en mos pobres cants, pàtria adorada,
no ohiràs las armonías,
tan tendras altre jorn, del gay sabé';
ni en mi veuràs la inspiració sagrada
de Jordis, Bergadans, Marclis y Garcías,
dols Aribau y deliciós Gaytc.
No l' parlaré, oh ma llengua, com mos avis,
tan pura, tan hermòsa ;
serd ma veu de un tendre infant lo crit; j /
però encara que tosca de mos llavis
surtis, ma pàtria es mare generosa
y al tendre infant li donarà son pit.
Jo buscaré en los recòns
de estàs antígas montanyas,
las tradicions misteriòsas,
las mòs senzillas baladas;
y de castell en castell,
y de cabanya en cabanya,
ajiiré com trobador,
penjada l'arpa íí la espatlla,
dòixant anar aqui un lay,
y allí un recort «i ma pàtria.
Jo m' inspiraré en los boscos,
al ric, ric, de la cigala,
ó a la vora de un torrent
ahòn se precipita l'aygua,
y all.1, en lo cim d' algun puig,
ó en la fatigosa platja,
sentiré l' jugar del vent
ab las cordas de mon arpa.
— 53 —
com los crits dels mariners,
com de algun pastor la gayta.
Mès, al arribar cansat
à un castell de vella fabrica
^quin alcait me obrirà allí?
^qui ha de escoltar mas baladas,
sil' castell ja estarà' obert?
;si no lli haurà en ell una anima,
y espantaré als esparvers,
ab mos cantars y ab mon arpa ?
Però nó : en sos murs antichs,
que blassòns sòn de ma pàtria
los millors, haig de sentarme ;
allí sas glorias passadas
cantaré, y pot sèr se axèqui
de alguna fossa olvidada
algun antich caballèr,
que m' agraesqui mos canlichs !
Blanch.
ADÉU A HIALLORCA.
(mallorquí.)
Sent el cor que ja no alena
ab la forsaab quealenaba:
es gel de mort dins mas venas
sent que ma vida s'acaba.
Veix que aviat deixaré el mòn,
mès, fret, abans de romandre
— 54 —
vuy cantíl' deniunt ma fossa,
girats mos uys vers ma pàtria.
Terra hermòsa hòn he nascut,
per qui he plorat mòllas lUgrimas,
jo t' dich adéu pera sempre,
adéu, Mallorca estimada !
Jo volia que s' meus óssos
guardats per tu descansassen :
la sort me dóna altra fossa,
fossa hòn no geuen mos pares.
Adéu jo t' dich, ; oh Mallorca!
persaderrèra vegada....
mès cuant m' hajen soterrat
jo vendré a veurct' encara.
Vendré íí veuret' com un dia
cuant tot sol jo men anaba
íí alenar 1' aire del cel,
ó ;í la Seu a ajonearme.
Bres de pau de ma infantesa,
llit, après, hòn anyoraba
r amor quel cor no tenia,
V amor que había somiada.
Terra d' hort y penyalas,
per la mar enrevollada,
jo aniré a ton puig mès alt
per veuret' tota plegada.
Jo aniré a trol3ar sa fossa
hòn soterraren mon pare...
per s' abrassada de mort
que ell, morint, medemanaba.
AaÉR.
— 35
RECORDS DE LA PÀTRIA-
Guant de secrets pesars, que sobre 1' cor gravitan,
irresistible impuls m' arrastra sol al camp,
errant y capficat, antichs records s' agitan
dins de mon pensament que vola delirant.
Del infinit espay las sempre obertas salas,
com un torrent de llum, recorre ab un moment,
y fa ressucitar ab sas robustas alas
las horas que han caigut à la tomba del lèmps.
D' un panorama vast, que sols troba eczistencia
allà en lo mon ocult del sentiment humà',
me formo la ilusió, y ab tanta vehemència
com si m' ferís als ulls tòt lo que m' ha passat.
M' abstrech de lo present, sens veurer lo que miro,
Uansat ja 1' esperit al camp dels meus records ;
d'angustial' pit cubert, profundament suspiro,
y m' pujan fins als ulls las llagrimas del cor.
Y van apareixent las sòmbras tan volgudas
de pares y germans, d' amigas y d' amichs,
qu', en lo llit de la mort ja fa fèmps ajagudas,
fugiren d' aquest mon, com los seus esperits.
Losdiasqu' han volat, com losaussèllsque emigran
cuant bufa 1' vent del Nort, embaixadòr del fret,
recordo ab amargor, y al veurer que trasmigran
sense may mès tornar, m' arrancan nous gemèchs.
Jo hò donaria tòt, fins ma futura vida,
per un dia tan sols dels que ja veig tan lluny ;
per una hora no mès de aquella edat garrida,
— 56 —
que íòu tan diferent de la que tinch avuy.
;Qué s' es fèl aquell lèmps, en que la mèua mare
tenia que sortir cent voltas al balcó,
dièntme qn' èra tart, que ja venia 1' pare,
y jo, d' enjugassat, me feya sempre I' sòrl?
^Qué s' es fèt aquell lèmps de lliris y de rosas,
que, sense mals de cap, la terra m' èra un cel,
que, com un aussellet, no veya may las llosas,
y, atènl .-i lòl reclam, may m' espantaba V vesch?
^Qué s' es fèl aquell lèmps, que, l' cor ple d' espe-
ra nsa,
y d' ilusiòns lo cap, lo mon èra un jardí,
y, abella de sas flors, volaba sens tcmplansa
del arbre dels amors al arbre dels amichs?
^Aliòn hi lià un torrent, una liorla y una vinya
que no sia record de mas felicitats?
;Ja dins la població, ja fora ú la campinya,
quin goig bi h;i en lo mòn que jo no hage apurat ?
iHermòsa joventut ! ; dorada primavera!
tu ja no tornar.is ab tas flors y tos vcrts,
que, com se perd en fum cremada y fusa cera,
així tu t' has perdut per l' infinit desert.
De penas y treballs llarguíssima cadena,
de cops y contratemps embolicat texit,
mos passos han llansat ;í una allunyada arena,
que no vaig trepitjar cuant del bressol eixí. umi-i
Sèmpre I' pais nalal memorias me desperta ;
lo pensament hi fuig com un aussèll al bosch,
cuant troba sa presó per un descuit oberta,
y r vigilant instint li diu qu' axèqui I' vol.
Com si la vida fòs un circul que s' acosta
— 57 —
per I' un y V altre estrem, desde 1' principi al fi,
axí que linch mès anys, niès trista pena m' costa
no veure' l' sol y 1' cel del meu liermòs pais.
Hi penso dia y nit: recordo las planuras,
las vinyas y torrents, lo pont del Escorial,
la mina y son molí, los valls y las alturas,
las hortas de Miró, la font dels Capellans.
Recordo las custums, lasfèstas y capèllas
de barris y carrers cuberts de blanchs llansols,
los balls, jegants y fochs, los cossos y badèllas,
lasmascaras, los jèps, los mascles y los trons.
Recordo los passetjs, y de Santa Marina
la festa popular que, per las tradicions,
venera, tots los anys, de la Verge divina
.i una pastora fièl la antiga aparició.
Recordo del seus fills la intrèpida bravura,
la sòlida honrades de lots los naturals,
de ninas del raèu cor la gràcia y hermòsura,
y Is' inocènts plahèrs que ab èllas he gosat,
Y mès que tot això — y es lo meu gran martiri —
tinch sempre al pensament la hermita del Roser,
ahòn gosan tots junts la pau del cementiri
mos pares y germans, que no veuré may mès !
Al milj del gran brojit, que .i Babilonia iguala
la vila de Madrid, ressona en mi una veu,
que r cor apesarat com un perfum ecshala,
y m' diu ab sort murmull « ^cuanl tornaràs a Reus?»
Ja m' cansa l' resplandòr de las estèrils glorias,
que sempre he desitjat ab inquietut febril,
y encare qu' en relleu porto al escut victorias,
lo flam de tal passió ja s' va tornant caliu.
— 38 —
Jo ja no veig al inòn com V he vist altres dias ;
las ninas dels mous ulls de prisma ja han mudat ;
me rich de mi mateix, de mòltas lontcrías
que he pres en altre lèmps per cosas mòlt formals.
Los seductors llorers qu' en mos polsos verdejan
ja no òmplan del mòn cor 1' abisme sempre buit,
y m' burlo dels ximplets qu' ab ràbia me is* envejan,
creyènt que sempre es foch lot lo que dóna fum.
Ay ! Dèu los fassa bons a tots los envejoses
de posicions brillants, que no veuen per dins !
perduda la ilusió, si fossin generosos,
la enveja en pietat deurian convertir.
Los homens sòm tots boigs, patim tots de locura:
jo no conech ningú que no n' tinga un arrel ;
sèr menos ó mòs foll, veus aqui la cordura:
de loco portal' nom lo qui n' es ab estrem.
iDetènta pensament! aquest camí abandona;
no t' deixis arrastrar de sentiment tan trist:
al home la rahó lo Dèu del cel li dóna,
perquè subjecti à fré son estraviat magí.
Si r cel en sos decrets escrit tè qu', algun dia,
al mèu pais natal jo torni al fi de lot,
jo sè que sufriré mortal melancolía,
veyènt que no hi ha res del qu' altre lèmps hi fou.
Buscaré companyòns de ma primera infància,
y amichs ab qui he passat ma alegre joventut ;
mos pares buscaré; dins de ma pobre eslancia
buscaré mos germans, y no hi hauni ningú !
Tòt estard mudat! veuré mil caras novas ;
per mòlts demanaré y m' respondran « sòn morts ! »
y, doblegat al pes de tan terribles probas.
— 39 —
com si fos foraster, m' he de trobar tot sol !
Me n' aniré tòt trist per sitis solitaris,
y sota un oliver, ó al marge d' un canya,
ab la amargura al cor y fent mil comentaris,
comensaré sofrint y acabaré plorant.
Per mès atormentar ma anima aflijida,
visitaré aquells llochs aliòn mès he viscut,
y cridaré, alocat, que tornin a la vida
las sòmbras dels que allí passaren ab mi junts.
Y ningú ra' respondrà ! L' aire mateix que m' sent
se trobarà ferit de una estrangera veu,
y fugirà de mi per poch que 1' atormenti,
com espantaUaussèll que I' tiro del niu treu.
Mès ;qué es lo queestich fèni? Lo cap mebull, y sento
que perdo la rahó, que 1' cor se m' oprimeix.
^Perquè ab tan trist color las cosas me presento,
y als sufrimènts actuals agrego Is' venidèrs?
^Quí sap lo que serà cuant veigi jo ma terra?
; qui sap si hi trobaré, mès que penas, consol?
Perquè m' tinch de donar tant de martiri y guerra,
per incidents incerts de capritxosa sort ?
Deixem llargas al temps ; armem nos de paciència;
fèm us deia rahó que Dèu nos ha donat;
que si es mal lo camí de la humana ecsistencia,
ab tristos pensaments pitjor se ns' posarà.
Mata.
— Ai) —
A BARCELÒIVA.
Al contfiïnplar.í ma pàtria
algun temps tanensalsada,
yenesljòrn tan olvidada,
llansa mon cor un sospir;
que en sos vells marlets no hi ílotan
jalasbarrascatalanas,
ni ensasaltasbarbacanas
nostre accent se fa sentir.
ia sols ressona pe'ls ayres
lo crit de la centinèila
dat pe'ls soldats de Castella,
no r desperta calala;
que fins l'accènt de la pàtria
se prostituí en sa terra,
aquell accent qu' en la guerra
à tothom feu iremol.i'!
íQué s'han fòt, oh Barcelona,
tas galeras celebradas,
que, abgallardelsadornadas,
lallaban l'òna iriíinfniiïs ;
tas galeras poderusas,
que a la mar llòy imposaban,
y de lUmys lerras tornaban,
plenas d'ory de diamants?
^Qués' hafèt lo lèu poder?
^qué s' ha fèt ta independència?
— 4Í —
Pot sèr ú un' altre potencia
iio vengueres, sens ruhòr...
Ah ! no tant... que nostres pares,
braus, sos drets tots defensaren,
y ab sa noble sang sellaren
la tomba de nostre honòr.^
íMès de tos fets tan gloriosos
quina memòria consèrvas?
Tots mirem entre las lièrbas
la llosa delconcellèr!
En ta catedral hermòsa,
qu' es dels segles maravèlla,
res s' hi troba que ú Castella
diga:~aqui jauFivallèr!
Com si no tinguèsses glorias,
vas a capta rnc d' estranyas !
com si t' faltèssen hassanyas,
podrir dèixas ton blassó,
sens considerar, oh ingrata,
que cuant tos héroes moriren,
los cossos tan sols rendiren,
mès no las animas, nó !
Pus si. lo temps de la glòria
per alguns ha passat ja,
no deus tu may olvida'
los recorts de tos llorers,
ni despreciar la corona
de fets que a ton cap cenyiren,
cuant de glòria t' revestiren
los filis dels grans Berenguèrs.
íQué dirias d aquells héroes,
— 42 —
que de pdginas de glòria
ompliren la tua historia
ab llurs armas, ab llurs Uèys,
si dintre de tas murallas
le demanaban, irats,
un lloch per jaurer honrats
tos concellèrs y tosrèys?
« Alsat, oh Barcelona ! àlsat !
Prou has estat vensuda y humiliada.
Mira que una corona
millor que la perduda
se reserva encara al català »
Que si en la guerra ton renom s' ofusca,
pots brillar en recorls, Barcino hermòsa:
no Is vulgues sepultar baix una llosa,
que lo lèmps de las glorias tornard.
Pascual.
SENTIDIÈNT
— 45 —
&4 mL•^BA'Em
i Oh ! dòlsa soledat de mòlts fugida,
y per mi ab tantas veras desitjada!
si, al mitx de sa jornada,
ab fresca sòmbra ú reposar convida
al cansat pelegrí font regalada,
no li dòn 1' alegria
que sent, veyèntse ab tu, V anima mia.
Dèixam gosar aquí de tas dulsuras,
dèixme ascoltarlo misteriós llenguatge
de tantas criaturas,
que al Senyor Deu rendeixen homenatge.
L' home, qu' es fèt à sa divina imatge,
irracionals y mudas
las diu, y sòn mès qu' ell regonegudas.
i Oh hermòsa matinada ! ♦
Entre sòmbras encare 1' mon dormia.
May de vetllar cansada,
la lluna, ab ulls de mare enamorada,
mirantlo, apareixia
tardés a despertarlo,
permès allarga 'I' gust de conlemplarlo.
Benehidas estrellas
que semblant espectacle ns' anunciaban.
— 46 —
No es mòlt, si algunas d' èllas,
per poderlo gosar, se ressagaban,
quant tòles d' una ú una sen' pujaban
à esperar novas ordres del Senyor,
de qui reben son brillo y resplandòr.
Y arc i com tòt retorna ú nova vida !
com tòt als raitgs del sol ixènt se banya !
de Guants colors vestida
desperta s' la montanya,
y apartant de son front la boira humida,
sobre un pla de verdura
s* aixeca, qu' es mirall de sa herniosura !
Lo síílzer dins las aiguas cristallinas
de son follatge contemplant la gala,
sa gralitut ab llarchs sospirs ecshala,
cuant sent lliscar la brisa matutina,
que suaument r inclina,
y' 1 torna a alsar, y, ab moviment dolsíssim,
li fa fèr reverencias al Altíssim.
Gentil y riallera,
tanta canya de perlas adornada
per la fresca rosada,
desplega^murmurant sa cabellera,
qu' es pompa y ornament de la ribera,
y al Criador acata,
fína pluja Uansant pe'l vent de plata.
Covert lo riu d' escuma
com un caball de guerra,
dès qu' ha vist sortí' 1' sol dalt de la serra,
saltant de timba en timba apar que fuma;
y del mòn las entranyas
— 47 —
remou, portant la veu de las montanyas.
Saltant los aussellets de rama en rama,
pujan a veure' l' llum que Is'enamòra,
ab veu clara y sonora
donant gracias d Dèu que tant los ama;
y r rossinyol, al saludar 1' aurora,
ab cant mès apassible,
corona aquest concert indefinible.
Ronca mès lluny, del mar en las cavernas,
la tempestat que 1' bras de Dèu enfrena:
però mansa y serena,
gronxantse 1' aigua en sas presons eternas,
juga en la platja, y besa sa cadena,
com preganlli qu' aturia,
ab forta valia, sa indomable fúria.
Y mèntres tots los sers vos glorifican,
y ab tantas veus no apresas
ensalsan y predican
las divinals grandèsas,
sols jo sò mut, Senyor: tantas bellèsas
tenen sellat monllabi....
i fèu que, al manco, mon cor sempre os alabi!
Permanyér.
— 4S —
wmTJk 39 3& my^*
Pus que lo sol sen' v;í, monarca ricli y pródich,
íí donar a altres móns la llum, lo goig, la vida
dèsde son carro d' or ;
pus que la pols de llum, rastre de son passatge
selia perdut per l'espay, y la sòmbra m' convida
ab sa tristesa, oii cor:
pus que en aquí'ix instant, ni tòt llum ni tot sòmbra
nostre esprit, com lo cel, se cubreix de tristura
y misteri ab lo vel ;
y veu al traves d' èll brillar mòs bella y clara
la llum de veritat, com tras la boyra oscura
brilla mès clar lo estel;
oh cor, dols instrument que troba sempre V a'nima
templat, ja en los de dol, ó ja en los de alegria,
al lo de sos ca mars,
plega per un moment tas alas mitg gastadas
buscant la dilxa, flor qu' en òix descrlno s'cria,
y t' diré mos pcsars.
Ay! no es cert, ob mon cor, que aqueixa hora tan
trista.
— 49 —
te parla sols de mort, dedupte, y,— cosa estranya! —
al escoltar sa veu,
sents un alé de fret gelarte tela a tela,
semblant al vent sutil que vè de una montanya
embossadaen la nèu?
No es cert que al mateix lèmps que '1 cel s' umpla de
sòmbras
y se ns' cubreix lo front de arrugas mès espessas,
concert misteriós!
com vòlan los vapors entorn las serras altas,
sens que vol» prop lèu, ple de santas trislèsas
un núvol vaporós?
Es que tu, com l'esprit, com lo jorn, en tal hora
sentim que s' pert un raigs del jorn de la existència
en r horissó sens fi.
Es que, com l' astre rèy, leuim nostres crepúscols,
que ns' roban los colors, que ns' roban fins la essència
de las flors del matí.
;0 sinó, qué s' es fèt aquella edat primera,
rica en jochs innocents, aquell jorn de la infància
ple de angélichs concerts,
en que s' passa jogant devant de tants misteris,
com jogant ab lo esfing, mul y sense fragància
passa r vent del desert?
Qué s' es fèt aquell front, sempre pur y llis sempre,
com r òna de un estany hòn lo cel se retrata
y del vent al abricli?
— 50 —
Aquell cor, vas que Y cel, com ú las flors de perlas,
umplia sols de amor; lo cor, mirall de plata
en paissaljes richi'
La inocencia, vestit que embelleix y que abriga,
y que, blancli com la neu, se dcsvancix com ella
al primer vènl impur,
que s' es fèt? ay ! buscar son rastre buscar fora,
desprès de haber passat, de una nina mòlt bella
la sòmbra sobre 1' mur !
Y es que arri va un moment en que las flors primèras,
y aquells jardins vermells en que, com papallònas,
al saltar del bressol,
passarem ènlre joclis, lo lèmps secar debia;
es que de aquella edat, riu de iranquilas ònas,
pondrers' debia 1' sol.
Y aquell sol se posa', y nasqué un alba nova, •,
y après d' ella un nou jorn, rich també en paisatges,
en colors y perfums;
y al calor de aquell jorn l' infant passà i sèr home,
la ponsèlla .1 sèr flor. I' esprit rich en imatges
•i sèr sol rich en llums.
Ay ! com aquella edat, oh cor mèu, èra hermòsa!
Com lo viurer es dols quant cada jorn nos porta
un vol de il-lusiòns;
de iMusiòns. aucèlls d' alas lornassoiadas,
que vénen cada instant dol cor devant la poria
d cantar llurs cansòns!
- 5^ -
Comfis bella la edat en que la poesia,
y la glòria y Y aniòr, verges que 1' cel anyòran,
pus sòn fillas del cel,
cada una en nostre cor carinyòsa derrama,
per cada afany que Is' ulls en plant convertit plorao,
una gota de mel!
Mès ay! hòn sòn, oh cor, 1' amor que èra ta vida,
aquell goig de llegir en V ull que amant nos mira
lo goig de un altre cor,
aquells dòlsos moments en que sense parlarse
los pits, cordas iguals de una mateixa lira,
se diulien son amor?
Mès ay ! hòn sòn, oh front, de glòria Is' dòlsos somnis,
diadema de llum que fa del frònl que abriga
un geni, un semi-Dèu?
La freda realitat cambia de una bufada
en rugasde dolor aquella llum amiga,
tòt aquell foch en nèu !
Hòn sòn aquells concerts que la musa ns'cantaba ;
los rims, flors del talent, que viuhen de deliris,
com las flors de aire y sol ;
los rims, bàlsam del cor, la lira, urna divina
hòn lo esprit, per mòlt grans que sien sos martiris,
trova sempre un consol ?
Hòn sòn? — Ay ! preguntàu hòn sòn las flors verme-
llas,
los núvols de colors, lasalas matisadas,
los rius, cintas de argent.
— 52 —
que pintaban poch h.i los mònls, las planas, l' ayre,
y os dir^n que gelós lo sol las ha borradas
al fugir a occident.
Oh ! tòtalló ha passat, com passaran sens dupte,
los goigs graves y purs de la bellesa santa,
alba de un jorn sens fi,
com los niívols del cel, los arbres y las vilas
passan correm devant del mariner que canta
sens mirarlas fugi".
Y aquells jorns ja se han post, com se pondràn mòlts
altres,
y vogarem sobr' ells, ja en calma, ja ab oratge,
fins t1 trovarla mort,
com marí que no sent, grònlxantsc en las onadas,
que cada una que mort escursa son viatje, ^
l'empenya versió port.
Fins .i trovar la mort, occident de la vida,
crepúscol misteriós, per una part lòt ombra,
per altre part tòillum:
alba de un jorn etern per 1' esprií, llum divina,
nit fosca per lo cos, que com no es mès que sòmbra,
se devaneix com fum !
Kuitiú.
LO NÈT DEL ÚLTIM CONCELLÈR.
— A Dèu, mon fillel, a Dèu.
Bésam la ma y vès al llit;
mes abans, pel' pobre avi
lo parenostre has de dir.
La avieta una rondalla
ten contarà'... Bona nit !
— No tan deprcssa, mon pare;
esperat un poch aquí.
— Cansat estar.is de córrer
perla fira. ..Dorm tranquil!
— Per la fira de Sant Jordi ?
Qué he de estar ! . . . en ella he vist
un caball y un caballèr
tot d' or y plata vestit,
portant en la ma una espasa...
sí, una espasa... qué^bonich !
— Ditxòs recort ! diu lo pare
mirant al cel y com trist;
y après, contemplant al noy
anyadeix : — Ditxòs instint !
— Ah ! perquè suspira?, pare?
— Perquè no ten vas al llit.
— Ja hò faré, mès vull que la avia
no m' conti avuy lo de ahir.
La rondalla deia santa
massa vollas la he sentit.
— Doncs quinas rondallas vols?..
— 54 —
— Góntam allò que als veliins
alguna volia, a pleret,
te he sentit contar...
— Que dius !
allò, fill, no sòn rondallas ;
sòn...
— Quésòn? Cóntamhò, si.
Cónlam allò dels soldats
que entraban de mil en mil,
que saltaban lasmurallas,
que en terra qucian ferits....
Pcirlam d' aquella bandera
que brodat tenia al mitx
una santa Eulària hermòsa...
Parlam d' allò que Is' amidis
del avi, ab unas espasas,
van fèr cuant tu òras xicli...
Còntam, sí, còntam ([uí èra...
qui èra 1' avi, qui?...
— Xitü
— Perquè m' fas callar, mon pare?
— Perquè somnis fa tenir
dolents parlar de batallas.
— Pus jo sempre y cada nit
altre cosa no somnio.
— Es cert?
— Sí.
— Ditxòs instint !
torna íi repetir lo pare
besant al front de son fill;
no vulgues sèr, no, soldar,
— 35 —
que fan mal als noys petits.
— SÍ,pa^e?..y•^«^l^^"^^^'^'^"•
nols'nlatan?...JohesenUtdlr
que aquells bons amichs del avi...
— Calla, eallaül' pare diu,
tapant la boca al infant;
pensa sols en serafins,
pensa en sants...
— Es veritat !
diu lo noy pujant al llit.
Cóntani, pare, lo que saps
d' aquell sant que es tan bonicli,
d' aquell que dalt de la gòrfa
amagat sempre tenim;
d' aquell que al mitx de la galta
lèuna piga com jo tinch...
Oh ! no es veritat que m' semblo
ioa aquell sant?..
— Y mòlt!., si, si
suspirant esclama 1' pare
y abrassant al noy petit.
— Cónlamhò ! torna l' infant;
cóntam qui èra... qui, qui?...
Eslanguapo, tanhermòs!
Va lot de vermell vestit,
y gorra també vermella
porta al cap. Me sembla, sí,
queseríarèy óducb...
— No, fillet, no van aixis.
Dorm, y d' èll no parlis raay.
— Perquè, pare?.. Y com se diu?
— 56 —
—Se diu... se diu... — Diipia T pare
pera satisfer al nin,
cuanl la vMla avia indiscreta,
acostantse al nòl felis,
suspensa en l'ull una llàgrima
que r cor li envia enternit,
li diu a la orella: —Aquell
es r avi que se t' morí.
—Aquell avi de la espasa ?
— ÈII maièix. Mòs, calla... xit !
No contis may a ningú
que així pintat l' liages vist.
— Y perquè? Que m' matarian
los soldats?
— Pot sèr que sí.
— Sòn dolents, no, avia meva?
— Qui sap....
— Are sò petit,
mès cuant seré gran, os juro...
— Calla y dorm.
— No vull dormir
si no m' parlan de batallas.
— Ja ten contaré.
— Sí?
— Sí.
— Doncs així, veniu, avieta,
y aneu, pare... Bona nit!
— a Una vegada èra un rèy . . . »
— L' altre ja comènsa així.
— 57 —
— a ...Èra un rèy que anaba a' misa... »
— Yà la guerra?
— No. «...Una nit... »
— U...na nit... murmura Y noy,
ja ab los ulls enterbolits;
u...na...nit... sol... dats... ba... tallas..
r a...vi...de... ver...mell... ves...tit..,
L' avia ana baixant la veu ;
lo noy se posa arrupit,
feu un badall, y, ja quiet,
tot murmurant se dormí.
Sortí llavors lo bon pare,
junt ab la avia, pensatiu,
y digué dèsde la porta:
— Sentireu !Qué podrà dir
mon fill íi sos nets, senyora,
si r recort li prohibim
del que fòu pare d son pare?
— No t' espante això, mon fill,
pus si bè los noms s' olvidan,
ja s' herèda l'esperit,
y lo que V net are ignora,
ton renèl ho podrà dir.
— Deixem, doncs, que dormi I' noy,
fins que 1' sol torni ab son brill !
BOFARULL.
AL IIPRÉ DEL 6ENIR&LIFE.
Cuant dòlsa melancolía
dona ta sòmbra galana,
arbre pic de |)oesía,
(|ije Is' amors d' una siiltana
mal protegires un dia !
Guants arabes arrogants
mirares dèsde ta copa,
montant ardents alasans,
y formant guerrera tropa
volar al camp dels cristians !
Y à batalla aterradòra,
ab mòlta confusió y brega,
fièros Uansarse à tothora,
deixant regada la vega
de sang espanyola y mora.
Y are tornant victoriosos,
cuberls de enemiga sang ;
are mirant congoixòsos,
bruts y arrossegats pel' fang
sos pendòns antes gloriosos.
Tu plorabas sas tristors;
com gosabas dels festins,
cuanl, retornant vencedors,
rendianse en tos jardins
;í sos plahers y als amors.
Eran tos jardins llavors
— 39 —
dels rèys granadins la joya,
liòn, al perfum de las flors
y en los brassos de una noya,
lòt olvidaban sos cors.
Guantas graciosas morenas
en lo safreig hòn le veus
banyaren sas negras irenas!
cuantas, sentantse a tos peus,
donaren tregua íí sas penas !
Y d' amors cuantas promesas
oires ! De rèys galans
cuants juraments y finèsas !
Dels trobadors qué bèlIs cants
plens d' imatges y tendrèsas !
Sempre rodejat d' hurís,
ornament d' aquests palaus,
te veias en tòmps felis:
y eunuchs y negres esclaus
guardaban est paradís.
Tu vegères com la lluna,
ab sa palida claror,
fou a la Reina importuna,
y eclipsa ab son resplandòr
de Aben-Amet la fortuna.
i Perquè no ocultares be
ab ta sombra protectora
al mès galan caballè',
y a la mès hermòsa mora
que en aquests jardins visqué?
Veurer fònch també ta estrella
— 60 —
del moro I' dol y la afronta,
cuant lo pendó de Castella
tremol.i, ab lo Tanto-monta,
sobre la torre vermella.
Vegères dels castellans
goigs y festes tòl-arreu ;
y als abatuts mahometans
de genolls devant la creu
hòn morí V Dòu dels cristians.
Ay ! i qué s' fèu tanta hermosura !
tanta gala del Orient I
la arabesca arquitectura !
lo saber de aquella gènl !
Tant sols sa memòria dura!!
Dels palaus no mès ruinas
contemplas are ab tristesa,
que ja sas fòrmas divinas
se han perdut, sa gentilesa
y sas labors peregrinas !
No busquis are en Granada
sos palaus, sas torres mil,
que, al véurerla abandonada,
ab greu la rega V Genil
baixant de Serra -Nevada.
Mira sols los camps vehins
sempre cuberls de verdors,
regats en tots sos confins,
plens sempre de fruits y flors
en sos horts y en sos jardins.
Los sigles per tu han passat
— 61 —
donant-le caràcter trist:
tu dius al hoíne admirat,
cuantas grans cosas lias vist,
cuantas gènls l' han visitat.
Se complau!' enteniment
mirant ta forma robusta:
de tu no s' alluny la gent,
sens que íí ta olorosa fusta
anles arrenqui un fracmènt.
Y si r temps te respecta
volent pagarle un tribut,
del home l' destrueix la ma,
que es del home 1' cor aixut
y son instint destrossa'.
Guant dòlsa melancolía
dóna ta sòmbra galana,
arbre ple de poesia,
que' Is amors d' una sultana
mal protegires un dia!!
Sol t Padbis.
62 ^.
AIS lÈUS ESTIMATS FlllETS ADOPTIUS.
LA FLOR DEL CEL.
Iiislrnéix al lèu lill y serà ton consol y forma-
rà las delicias de la ànima.
- LI. dels Prov. C. XXIX. V. 17.
Fill mèu, si ton esperit poseheix la sabidurla,
mon cor se regositjarà ab lo tèii.
-D. C. XXHI.v. 15.
Dónam, fill mèu, lo teu cor, y ficsa tos ulls eo
mos camins.
— D, V. 2G.
Jo, infants mèiis, com vosaltres,
en ma trista horfandal,
iroví un' altra mareta
com en mi liabeu trobat.
Mes ella era una santa
lòta amor y virtut,
jo.... sò poc, y això encara,
sols a ella es degut.
ÈUa, mènlres cremaban
los buscalls dins lo foch,
y la nèu tapissaba
los carrers floch i\ floch,
Sobre lo ascó asseguda
de la fumosa llart,
y en sos genolls mirantmc
al amorós esguart.
— (i5 —
En llibres grocs de fora
y morenos de dins,
estampas me mostraba
de sants y paladins.
Narranlme fets pasmòsos
de gents de gran valor,
que ignots móns conquistaren
en honra del Senyor ;
0 casos admirables
de doncellas é infants,
a qui Deu dona forsa
per derrocar gegants.
També la trista historia
del Redenlòr Diví,
y llur misericòrdia
y caritat sens fi.
Y mentres de aqueix modo
m' ensisaba, fiUets,
ascalfanl carinyòsa
ab sas mans mos ditets ;
Y mon front ab sos Uabis,
y mon pit contra el seu,
lo modo me ensenyaba
de beneir a Deu.
i 0 vespres de ignocencia !
^ Com tan prèsl heu fugit?
Vostra memòria encara
umpla de goig mon pit!
i Avia mèua estimada !
jMon conort, mon estel,
premi trobia en la glòria
— 64 —
lo vostre amorós zel !
En una d' èixas vetllas
que ab afany previsor,
de sas puras doctrinas
me domí lo tresor.
De una flor misteriosa
lals cusas referí,
que vull, fills, rcpetirvos;
ascolteu, digué així.
Detras de aqueix espay blau
que anomenam firmament,
ahòn telo Oiiinipotènt
lo sèu lluminós palau,
Campeja una rara flor
olorosa, tendra y pura,
de virginal hermosura,
de indefinible color;
May la musliga lo oratge
ni lo sol que la illumina,
gòtas de gràcia divina
refrescan son ven fullatge.
. Los àngels tenen per galas
àdornarse ab sas ponsèllas,
y ab la pura esencia d' èllas
/r W perfumar sas blancas alas.
% 5 A voltas ricas llavors,
per los sants esprits mogudas,
davallan del cel caygudas - ,
sobre M mòn, vall de dolors. i»it)iq
— 65 —
Mès locan en pedrega!,
ó en corrompuda fanguèra,
ó en terra que degenera
llur origen celestial.
Si per cas ne grilla alguna
dins fresca aubaga florida,
y allí la saba de vida
brota al raig de amiga lluna.
Troba com vehins fatals
las raspòsas cabellòras,
dels ars, de las romaguèras,
y feridors penicais.
Que, apenas del vent las ònas
los brots de la planta grònxan,
ab sas espinas ja trònxan
las ponsèllelas rodònas.
Y una tras altra, al embat
de las punxadàs danyinas,
cauen las fullas divinas
de llur tronc miix destrossat.
Sola y sens forsa I' arrel
dintre la terra s' podreix;
la planta.... la flor pereix....
mès la essència turna al cel.
Si lo nom no has conegut
de flor que tant enamora,
sapigau, filla, en bonhora,
eixa flor es... la Virtut.
Y llur grana celestial
si arrela en anima pura,
dóna en brot de mès frescura
— 06 —
lo fruit del aniòr filial..,.
Cuanl en la terra un fill bó
als pares humil serveix,
en la planta del cel creix
un nou y esplendent botd.
Mès si algun, com monstruo ingrat,
no atén al qui deu la vida,
la flor queda esmortuida
com hòrbaseca del prat.
Guant al bon fill adormeix
lo postrèr repòs dels sants,
grupo de esperits brillants
del empíreo descendeix,
Y volant per son entorn
ab rams de la flor sagrada,
pujan al cel coronada
1' anima que surt del mon.
i Nèteta mi'va amorosa !
Tu tens, filla, un pare amai;
guanya de la eternitat
eixa corona preciosa.
■ Perquè diu lo manament
de la eterna Omni potencia :
Als que f han dat la ccaistencia,
honraràs percnnemènl.
Aixis, fills, las doctrinas
de l'Anciana ascoltí.
j Dòu sab ab quin respecte
y fervor las creguí !
Deu sab los sacrifissis
— 67 —
que al paternal voler,
fiu ab cega ternura
cumplint lomèu deber;
Mès, noys mèiis, jo no penso
que fiu cosa de mès,
jay de mi! per un pare,
tüt es poc, mòlt es res !
Féu lo mateix vosaltres,
horfanels estimats,
puig tant vos idolatro,
i fills, no m' sigau ingrats !
Jo, dèsde que nasqueren,
vos dòn saba y consell,
jo os abrigo ab mas alas
com als seus fills 1' aucèll ;
Jo ab maternal ternwa
en vostres ulls me mir,
jo rich si vos veig riurer,
jo, cuant planyiu, suspir.
Jo, en cambi, no os demano
sinó un poquet de amor,
y r amable respecte
tribut de un noble cor.
iAmaume, donchs, amaurae
sense interès mesquí,
ab tota la puresa
del precepte diví!
Amaume com deuriau
del mateix modo amar
als qui, al darvos la vida,
ab dol vos van deixar !
Y puig com ells vos dòDO
vida, ternura y pau,
i fills del mèu cor ! amaume,
y íí Dèu per ells preg^u.
Aixís de la fortuna
tingilu lots los favors,
aixís la glòria humana
vos rendeixi sos llòrs ;
Aixís la virint sacra
vos cobreixi ab son vel,
y ab la ílor misteriosa
vos premie un jorn lo Cel.
M." J.' Massares.
QVIl^ZE ANYS!!
Ditxòsa edat de quinze anys,
bella edat dels somnis d' or,
en que bat conlònl lo cor,
y r cap no sospita enganys !
Fresca com la matinada
de primavera, en que brilla
la pintada francesilla ^í tiol
ab perlas de la rosada ;
Y r camp tapissat de ven
se sonriu al eixí' 1' sol,
donant vida l'rossinyol
absos cantars al desert.
— 69 —
En que, al brillíí' 1' resplandòr
abque V sol al mòn encanta,
r home, r animal, la planta
no respiran n)ès que aniòr.
Aixís èts fresca y hermòsa,
i oh edat en que l' juvenil
ardor, ab son foch sulil,
tòt just inflamarnos osa !
Tòt .i quinze anys enamora,
no s' coneix del mòn lo fel,
tòt creyem que tè d' un cel
la hermosura encantadora.
Si r mòn te dona festins,
d' or y esmeraldas lo veus,
trovant estesas als peus
califas de llessamins.
Vist lo mòn dèsde l' portal,
un paradís nos presenta
de plahèrs, galas ostenta
de bellesa sens igual.
Y dels plahèrs y las galas
mès alia, res mès veyem:
I qué mès desitjar podem
al desplega' V cor sas alas?
^ Y perquè habem de buscar
lo que mès alia se tro va?
^ Acas tòt lo temps no ns' roba
la ventura del gosar?
Deixem per los pensadors
filosofar sobre I' mòn;
averígüen ells si sòn
— 70 —
los seus goigs enganyadors.
Mès en dins no penetrem
de lo que 1' cor nos lialagn,
y, abans de lèmps, de la Maga
la verga no irossejém.
I Si ab prodigis se ns' encanta,
hem de pensar en ruinas?
^Habem de buscar espinas
cuanl flors trapilja la planta?
Al comensar de la vida,
en gosar pensem tan sols;
ab prematurs desconsols
no amarguem la edat florida.
^Y r goig sempre durar.í
que tant nostre pit conmou ?. . .
A això r temps, que corre jjrou,
massa prompte hi respondrà.
No vinguis, temps, presuròs
als quinze anys a Fèr ofensa;
respecta la edat que pensa
que en lo mòn tot es liermòs.
Ditxòsa edat de quinze anys,
bella edat dels somnis d' or,
en que bat content lo cor
y r cap no sospita enganys !
Sol Y Padbis.
— 1\ —
(mallorquí.)
No ploreu, no ploreu, mares,
si s' moren es vostros nins,
ponsèlletas que s' esfloren
antesque s' puguen obrir;
que r bon Jesús las trasplanta
à un terreno mès felis
hòn no hi ha perill que s' secan :
s'uy de Dèu las fa florir.
S' aubat duen ú San Trülo {i)
dins un baulet garrit,
forrat de lama de plata,
veteljat de galó fi ;
lloba y rnquetet en randa,
va vestit de Sant Lluis;
xinetla color de rosa
y un hermòs lliri en els dits ;
pipèllas mitx aclucadas,
íí sa boca un dols sònris,
com si dins es bres dormia
engrònsat per xerafins.
Guant sòn en el cementeri,
el rodetja gran gèntiu :
(i) Lloch liòn hi hà lo fossar de Palma.
— 72 —
sas donas es frònl li besan,
es front de lliri mòstí.
Tòl es plors ú dins ca' sèua,
sa mare s' eslremordí
com va veurer que sen duian
lo sèu fill, lòt son ecsis !
De tant plorar fatigada,
tots es seus membres cròxiïs,
lòtas sas forsas perdudas,
poc cl poc se condormí.
En es ple estaba sa lluna,
era en punt.í mitja nit,
cuant de repònt se desperta:
que la cridaban sentí.
Sentí una veu melodiosa
mòlt delicada y sulil,
que dòlsa, dòlsa sonaba
dins son cor adolorit.
— Aixúga s' teus uys, ma mare,
(aquella veu d' amor diu,)
alégret, queare es un àngel,
es un àngel es tèu fill.
Com s' uliim perfum que ccsala
s'asutzena en es jardí
cuant baixa de sas montanyas,
s' ivern de boiras vestit;
així s' animcta mèua
des cos innocent surti:
i cuant delitós, mare dòl^a,
va essèr mon derrèr sospir!
En el cel tinch pare y mare,
per germans es xeratins:
los lèus plors, ma mare, aixúga,
qu' es un àngel lo tèii fill. —
No ploreu, no ploreu, mares,
si s' moren es voslros nins,
ponsèlletas que s' esfloren
antes que s' pugnen obrir;
que r bon Jesús las trasplanta
a un terreno mes felis,
hòn no hi ha perill que s' secan:
s' uy de Deu las fa florir.
FoKTEZi.
A iNi NQIY DllïRMnT.
Dorm, infant dels cabells d'or,
en ton bressol dorm tranquil,
que ta dolsura infantil
contempla agitat mon cor.
Baixat fa are i)0chdel cel,
encare ab ííngels somnias,
sens sospitar que amares dias
guarda per tu 1' mòn cruel.
Tòtset' presenta brillant;
ni un recort te fa entristir ;
ni un núbol lo esdevenir
— 7i —
mostra d los ulls, bon infant.
Tòt a la ditxa t' convida;
despert, dormint, sempre gosas:
cubert de clavells y rosas
veus lo camí de la vida.
Per tòt trovar flors creyem
de aquesta vida <i la entrada,
mès, al mitx de la jornada,
espinas no inès irovem.
Pobre noy ! Passan los anys
de la nostra edat primera,
y al mès íelis desespera
lo raòn ab sos desenganys.
Guant lo calor juvenil
foch encendrà dins tas venas,
penas tindrà, no mès pcnas,
ton cor are tan tranquil.
Posaràs en r amor fé, ,|g j|
y enganys rebríís del amor;
que en lo mòn volgué 1' Senyor
que ditxa no hi pugui habé' !
Sí acís creus en la amistat,
te trahiran los companys:
sempre trovanís enganys,
hòn busquis felicitat.
Ni la glòria, ni la ciència,
ni la mateixa virtut
dard ton cor la quietut
lograr.in en sa impotència.
Entorn de tu miraràs,
y en lo mòn te veuràs sol:
dels teus semblants un consol
no esperis, que no '1 tindràs.
Al passar tan trist la vida,
dira's ^nias ditxas liòn sòn?
no hi ha ditxa en aquest mòn:
aquest niòn tòt es mentida.
Ay ! si ab ma seca y nevada,
te toca al fi la vellesa,
veuràs cuanta es la tristesa
al acabar la jornada.
Pobre noy ! lo dols son n's
are en tos llavis retrata
una idea que te es grata,
dient .1 tòtsqu' ets felis.
Si en est mòn has de probar
deia desventura l'fel,
; perquè no tòrnas al cel,
ab tos ííngels a gosar?
0 al menys, no despertis may
d' aquest somni venturós,
en que creus volar ditxòs
ab los íingels per I' espay.
Dorm, infant dels cabells d'or,
en ton bressol dorm tranquil,
que ta dolsura infantil
contempla agitat mon cor.
Sol t Padbis.
— 76 —
MtlSICA.
(MALLORQUf.)
Oh üèu nièu, Dèu mèu, jo sent
aviiy de s' anima es so,
com una música plena
qui s' aixampla dins mon cor.
Y m' sent sallengo travada,
y es ma veu un eco mort
qui sentí' aufegat sols deixa
d' es rayodel cel eslró.
Lo dols nàixer de s' ambat,
cuant comènsa jí sortí' es sol,
sa veu del mòn que' s desperta
y d sa veu del cel respon.
S' aire qu' es blats amoxòna
y sa fuya ú s' abre mou,
que s' en entre i sa garriga
yjamèga dins es bosch.
Que del riu xarra ab las canyas
y ablo riu, com qui radol,
fins que' s confon ab es vent
que fa a la mar sort renou.
Y sa veu dès de capvespre,
— // —
la creació cuant ja s' adorm,
com una verge resant,
tanca es uys a poch à poch.
Y es silenci de la nit
cuant lòt calla, y s' aigo s'mou
de la mar sens fèr remo,
y el cel mira al mòn com dorm.
Tòt això son armonías
que s'aplegan dins mon cor...
y m' sent sa Uengo travada
y es ma veu un eco mort.
Jo sent r anima tancada
dins la presó de mon cos.
Com aquell qui 1' bè somia
y fè' l'bè ab V amor no pol.
Y ab lo riu de la paraula,
cuant vol sortir lòl d' un cop,
as' sèu pas troba un avencli
hòn cau jamègant de dol.
Oh anima mèua tancada,
cuant sortiràs de mon cos?
cuant podràs deixarle anar
de ta música ab lo so?
Ton aufeg are m' fatiga,
alenar no m'dèixa l'cor.
— 78 —
tu veus es cel, y a l' espay
aixecar no pots ton vol.
D' Eternitat sons l'oratge
cuant r Etern es vònis conmou,
veus son Ham que al cel clarelja,
veus son rayo y sents son tro.
Sas munfanyas esbaltidas,
cora tremola 1' mòn de por,
d' es penyals s' enderrocani,
r abisme abaix qui respon.
Luego V cel com s' ennigula,
la pluja al mòn negar vol,
s' inflan torrents, baixan ricras,
deixant petjades de mort.
Y íí la fi com tots s' espassa,
com altre pich surt es sol,
com cau de sas fuyas d' abre
gota a' gota es derròr plor.
Oh anima mèua tancada !
cuant sortirà's de mon co§ ?
cuant podràs dòixarte anar
de ta música ab lo so?
Avi li.
— 79 —
OBRÍILI AL TROBADOR.
Jo us' cantaré, si us' plau,
damas, arraas, amor,....
Negra es la nit y l' llam ja serpenteja :
obríuli al trabadòr.
De araòrs vos cantaré cdntiga trista,
del foch al r^splandòr,
Negra es la nit y Is' trons me persegueixen,,
obríuli al trobador.
Jo adormiré tas penas,
si en ta cambra t' rodeigen, mon senyor.
Negra es la nit; cauen geladas gòtas,...
obríuli al trobador.
Jo us' cantaré del Dèu de las alturas
la magesíai y amor,
Negra es la nit, ia tempestat comènsa :
obríuli al trobador.
Sento fret en mas carns ;
dàume per mos cantars pa y escalfor
Negra es la nit; sento Is' torrents com braman,.
obríuli al trobador.
Baxa'u lo pont, castellà,
lo del castell alraenat.
— 80 —
y us' dara mès sons ma lira
que ramòrsla tcmpeslat:
baixaulo scnjòr, baixa'ulo,
que m' destrossa 1' Iiuraca,
y un trobador es un liome,
y un home sols es de fang,
y r fang, senyor, no es cap roca,
cap roca del Monserrat. •
Jo vaitg ;í la cort, hon compte,
a la cort vaig .í cantar:
si mos cants oliir voleu,
baxíUi lo pont, castell;!,
y'os dani mès sons ma lira
que ramòrs la tempestat.
Jo us' cantaré si us* plau,
damas, armas, amor,
Negra es la nit y la tormènta m'maia :
obríuli al trobador!
BUNCH.
DNA VISITA ALS HORTS.
(mallorquí.)
Ja tèng tantas fiiyas negras
en el llibre del ii.cii cor;
la Mort ab llelras de Ibígrimas
escrits mi tè tants de noms,
— 8» —
que en las ciutats dels qui viuen
anyòr las ciutats dels morts,
pues coneg pe' Is cementeris
mès gènl qu' en els altres llochs.
Entre sòmbras dels qui foren
a ple y sossegat em trob ;
entre trossos de mortayas,
cabeis que guaytan a flochs,
ossos negres, closcas blancas,
fustas forradas d' escot,
y llosas que íi ningú enganan
adulant en lietras d' or.
EI paratge de las fossas
y del oblit, el camproig,
es lo que cerc primé' a un poble
lo dia que hi entr' de nou ;
perquè al mitg de creus y tòmbas
a r eternitat m' acost,
y veig millò' qué ra' rodetja
si entre el mòn y el cel me pos.
Oèsd' infant jo mir la lòmba
sens pipòlleijar de pòr,
y à la Mort com à una mare
que Is* fills amorosa adorm.
Perquè la Fé m'ha dit sempre íj,
I»
— gl —
qiie inès enllà d'aquèll clot
hi hú un paratje aliòn s' eslinia
abmès puresa y mès foch.
Mès avuy vos fas visita
perquè es el dia dels Morts,
y sè que la vostra festa
la us' alegra es nostro plor.
Y també perquè vuy veurer
si el cor s' avesa an el Uocli
liòn s' ha de i)odrí' y fèr cenra
amagat dins eualre posts.
Sent que fas olor de terra,
sènl que la mortaya m' vol,
y que res nat de la vida
dona alegria ;í mon cor.
Sí, que pochs dias in' espèraii
dalt del puig liòn surt cl sol :
r astre de la mòua vida
a un ters de carreras' pon.
Com apag lo llum el vespre
mortaya m' sembla el llansol,
sènl els fuslòrs qui planetjan
yd'un baul clavan las po^is
Com que lluny senliga un c:iveg
que per mi dóna gran cops,
— 85 —
y mas jermanas que resan,
tayant y cosint son dol.
Cada hora una veu m' avisa
qu'en resi' esperansa pos,
:y s' despedeix cada dia
mon esperit de mon cos.
Aquest del llim de la terra
a la terra ja fa goig,
s' altre ja axarapla sas alas
per axectí' amunt son vol.
Dèu fassa que jo cuant miiyra/
com un infant que s' adorm,
muyra donant T arreveure
xelèst y alegre ú tothom ;
besant estret un Sant-Gristo
en brassos de gent qui plor,
y veyènt àngels qu' allunyan
r esperit mal que s' acost;
Tòt sovint de las pctjadas
dels amigs sentí' I' renou,
y cuant s'en vajan em deixen
oracions, sospirs ó flors ;
els salms que resa l' Iglèsia j goíi94 »
vèngan a guardarme el so^ v^íosi no<í
— 84 —
y els parents vèngan ú absoldre
cum jo pe* Is passats he absolt.
Entre tant, fills de la terra, *
dormiu bè y guardauine lloch :
I no s' ver, morts, que cuant me dugan
entre voltros fret y grog,
conversarem, farem í^stas,
farem processons y jochs,
com fèis tots plegats els vespres,
si s' ben fòsch v es fossèr dorm?
I No 's ver que cuant del judici
el crit dins el vas retron,
enllà tirarem las ilosas ;
y si Dèu mos mira ab goig,
veurem llevonses com moreu
la terra, estrellas, y el sol,
y riguènt com esglayada
la Mort mateixa se mor?
Per ara, fills de la terra, ''>* MT
dormiu bè, y guardaume lloch ;
veníume a sortí' a camí
cuant no piiga di' el mèu cor :
€ Per los cossos qui sofriren
bon remey y bon repòs :
— So-
per las .inimas que amaren,
llum eterna, etern consol.»
M. ACDILÓ.
A%^ ^itl&i,
SONETO.
Estels que aparexeu cuant mort lo dia,
misteriosos fanals del Dèu del cel,
ab la llum que teniu trenqueu lo vel
que mon destí cubreix y la sort mía.
Doneu a mon trist cor llum de alegria;
per sempre desterreu son amarcli fel;
que jamay la desditxa mès cruel
sembrar puguia de Il.igrimas ma via.
Mès i ay ! que es mòlt semblant nostre destino:
vosaltres rodeu sempre per mirar
lo sol que resplandeix rich y divino ;
y jo may la ventura qu' imagino,
per mès que rodia ; trista ! puch trobar,
puig es va com vosaltres quant camino.
I. UE VlLLAMAItriN.
— 86 —
tk F0)N1 mi ARREL
Estan tòtas alurdidas
las Ninfas del Cardenòr
liel' riúdo que en sí poria .4
1' exfircit del Prciendònt,
(|ue lia invadit lo territori
de Segarra y Lliisancs,
amcnassanl «i Manresa,
y sobre olla s' dirigeix.
No s' oueD CQ sas ribèras
las cansòns que en altre tèuips
los paslors, ab alegria,
cautaban sens cap recel.
Retirats .í la ciutat
no gosan exí' ;i passeig,
ni arribar al Mas-Suanya
ni menos al Mas-Ollòr.
\o passan de Coll-Manresa,
que fora tcntar .-i Dèu,
tement alguna emboscada
per los vols del Rajadell.
Se entretenen fènl corònas,
però las fan de xiprer,
per no liaber pogut cullir
las rosas de aquells lorrï'nts,
las que han estat irepitjadas
per tants soldats insolents,
quedant per esta vegada
— 87 —
sense flors aquell jovent.
Las fonts ploran de tristesa
al veiir&r la poca gent
queíí sos raudals se encamina,
quant antes, alegrement,
los rabadansy pastòras
acudian a tropèll,
per probar las suas aignas
frcscas casi com la nèu. .
De lòtas, la mes desertabiüD phh
miro la font del Arrel,
la que frecueniaba mòlt
un pastor galao y bell,
y allí, desprès de la brena,
la gaita tocaba aquell,
atraient ab sa armonía
a lots los simples aussèlls.
Orféo ab sa dòlsa lira
sèmblaba en mitg de tots ells,
escoltant lòts embobats
los trinos del instrument.
Desprès de ciiatre locatas,
sollaba,sa dòlsa veu, í^cííud zíú
y en monosüabas rinias
expressaba Is' sentiments.
Los rossinyols, de que abundan
los jaccMiins del torrent,
callaban per escoltar
las gracias de sos accents ;
y lasoloròsas murtras,
las violas y clavells,
— 88 —
doblegantse, daban mostras
y senyals de agrahimènt.
Y ab repicaniènt de mans
altres pastors companys seus
li donaban lo bon prou
per estimularlo mès.
Oh dias aquells felissos,
que, ab actes tan innocents,
així r pastor se distreia it
dels cuidados de mès peslióJ »tl
Oh ! si Is' tornabam a veurer n
libres de la guerra cruel -
ab que s' desola la pàtria
per los mateixos fills seus,
allí r pastor tornaria, '
que novascansòns aprèn
per diverlirse .1 la sòmbra
de aquells regalats llorers. ' '
Allí altra volta seria
lo puesto ahòn, sens desdeny,
lo pastor de Sobra-roca
cantaria dòlsamènt
las cuitas y los cuidados
que ha passat en aqueix temps,
retirat dins demurallas
ab alarmas y iropòUs.
Y la font altre vegada
tornaria d un mut la veu,
yls' aussèlls li donarian
per sa part lo parabé.
— 89 —
HIOl^ NOU AMOR.
Cuant inir' brillar los negres
ulls de ma hennòsa nina,
y los sospirs jo sènlo
que sa ensisèra boca IR-ns' al cel,
encara m' enamora
sa figura divina;
mes en mon cor no s' troba
lo foch d' altres vegadas, sinó gel.
^Qué s'es fèt dels aròmas
y fullas matisadas,
lo vert de las lierbelas
que reflecteix en la corrent del riu?
Passaren, y s' perderen
com en la mar llauradas,
com r aussellet que deixa
la brossa abandonada del sèu niu.
Al nàixer del' aurora,
ans cada matí eixia
dalt d' una montanyeta
per veure' V sol dins de la mar sortí'
Sa rossa cabellera
com fils d'or estenia
i hermòsa, mòlt hermòsa
í'ra llavors la terra pera mi ! ! !
— 90 —
Arc la llum tranquiln
d' un bell eslel me mira, -ív»*
y cada nit se iroban '
mos ulls al) lo sèu? uIU plens de triélòr.
Y es que son raig benigne
passejar sol m' ovira,
y lla'grima ardoròsa
arrancarme la forsa del dolor !
Sí, sol, are sospiro
com lòrtola perduda
que crida cada dia
al sèu amat, y V sèu amat no vé.
Y miro eixir la lluna,
que fa son camí muda,
ploranlnc la rosada,
perquè son aymadòr ella perdé.
Sígasme, doQchs, amiga,
per sempre, lluna bòlla;
que en ton amor jo trobi
.1 mas penas amargas grat consol !
Ycada nit al vóurens,
ma bèn amada estrella,
d' amor parlarem sempre,
tu per calmar tas penas, jo mon dol.
Mvits.
— Oi —
(MAUonQuí.)
AL MEU BON AMICH G. R.
Oh bèn liaja, nit callada,
bèn liaja l'augusta ma,
que r lèu mantell va broda,
ab esla rica estrellada !
Com per entre lo fuyalje
los russinyols amagats,
fan sentir dins lo boscatje
dòlsos canlars regalats;
Axí Is' ííngels del Senyor
per ènlre Is' estels guaitant,
sasarpas d'or puntetjant,
inmens himna alsan d'amòr.
El gran Kèy de las aíturas,
dèsde son palau gloriós,
ascolta r cant melodies
de las sèuas crialuras.
D'estels per la galania
que lo blau xelest platetjan,
plena d'angels que l' rodeljan
alsantli ensens d'armonía,
Treu lo sèu cap etcrnal,
— 92 —
qu'espergeix goig inefable,
y sonriu ab care afable
el Rèy dels cels inniorlal.
Y las falaguèras plòmas
dins las fuyas mou l'ambat,
y uinpl' lo mòn endormiscat '" -^^
de fresciira, sons y aròmas.
Per los valls, y Comellas,
revestits d'òmbra sagrada,
y pe' Is buits dels penyal.is
de corona plateljada ;
Per lo tremolech ramatje
de verdura llac csies,
sona musica sauvatje
que silvèstra himna ú Dèu es.
Cada brot d' estels ardent,
cada vall d' olor, florit,
cada prat de flors vestit,
alaba al Omnipotent.
Oh bèn haja, nit callada,
la ma augusta que t'cria,
y à tota anima endolada
per consol te regala !
Trobador de cor mostí,
flor silvèstra sens rouada
entra cspioas aíicada
— 95 —
da sa vida en el camí;
Plaume cuant la nil estén
son dossé de doraàs blau ;
cuant l'alé de Dèu ensèn
las estrellas ; moll me plau
Al cel ple de dòlsa llum
l'abatut front axecar:
yènlre sòmbras exalar
de gratltut mon perfum.
FOUTÉZA.
MUSICA PERDUDA.
IMITACIÓ DE N. MARTIN, "^f^
!')q<;'jt) >üïíi íh'uÍ 'h
(mallòíqüí.) :f ]>;
mini >()ív . if!
Sas mès dòlsas melodíasí'yp "^'^^
que canta es dols rossinyol,
las canta en sas nits de lluna
cuant ningú 1' sènl dins es boscb.
Es nom mès dels que ressona
de gentil verge en es cor,
el diu cuant ningú I' ascòltav''^'
y es de s' estimat es nom. ■^''■> í*^"-
íouoa h
S' himne mès dols de ma lira,
no s' es qu' agrada a tothom : -^
— 94 —
sino s' que mon cor suspiràiv • > i *.
y no surt may de raon cor.
KoRTK*.
A
CARITAT. •:'!r.'í
(nauobquí.)
Llarjja es la nit pel' qui vetia,
curta es la nit pel' qui dorm,
Üèu mos do dias alegres,
D^u mos dò a la nit bon ^C| ^ j |f
Sia r mòn un llit de ploma
liòn s' adormi ab pau el cor, ,, ,
d' hòn mos desperti a la vida,
al matí, la llum des sol.
Mirem es cel d' hòn mos mira
Dòu que s' camps cubreix de flors,
y íí Deu preguem : si:$Vmps,*ian,
naixeran un altre cop^,- i- .. • -v-t
Féiui ques' veynat es bon dia .
mos torn d' amich sempre ab goig:
es bò que s' fa a la riquesa íü {
d' alegria en lèmps de plom. •- i\
Qui ha fèt hò no esta eo es ntòn^
may està en es mòn lòl sol:
si no troba amichs hòn va,
en du sèujpre un dins son cor.
Demà ho es qui avuy no es horfe,
— 9o —
son las penas com la mort:
cada hii troba sas sèiias,
y tots hem' mesté consol.
De las penas de la vida
sols una no tò conhort :
ay d' aquell qui a ningú estima,
ay de qui a ningú bè vol !
Fills de Dèu, germans de vida,
y germans també en la mort,
qui fèr bè avuy no ha pogut,
en far.i demà si pot.
Llarga es la nit pel' qui vetla,
curta es la nit pel' qui dorm.
Dèu mos dò dias alegres,
Dèu mos dò a la nit bon so !
Amkií
íl.O
::í
AMOR.
— 99 —
Lk FLOR GULLIiH^.
Ni de la nit la ferèsa,
ni del ivern la fredor,
ni la son, ni la tristesa
deté r pas al trobador,
pus res li causa peresa,
com pugui fèr un cant bell
ala rosa del castell.
Ab tal pena, 1' pensament
sènl encara mòlt mès viu,
pus va sol mòlt mès content,
mirant, ab la lluna, 1' riu
que r fret ha cubert d' argent:
així avansa y no reposa,
fins que descubrex la rosa.
Del castell lo nom ignora,
mès de son nom no s' en cura;
sols, arribant a la vora,
cuant r olor suau l'atura,
llavors, de alegria plora,
y ab son arpa catalana
canta .i la rosa galana.
Mès, ay ! — ^quí cuida a' la rosa ?
tòt cantíint pregunta un dia;
cada volta es mès bermòsa
y mès grat V olor que envia.
— 400 —
Alguna ma carinyòsa
sens dubte la cuidad...
Ditxòsa sia la ma ! —
A pesar d' aquell recel,
lo cantor que la admíraba,
dirijint son cant al cel,
sa hermòsura ponderaba,
pregant que ni l' fret, ni 1' gel
may cap dany poguèssen fèr
a la reina del roser;
Que s' veigès ben saludada
dels aussèllets que, en son vol,
saben cantar dòlsa albada,
y r animés la rosada
que cau ans d' eixir lo sol,
pus axí millors serian
las ponsèllas que vindrian.
Lo trobador que fa 1' cant
alsa poc la veu allí,
per no donar, ab son plant,
celos al senyor vehí
que es del oastòU habitant.
Si r senyor la flor veigès,
ja no cantaria mès!
Entre 1' bosc un resplandòr
avuy r anima d cantar ;
si pren 1' arpa l' trobador,
no para de caminar
fins que arribi prop la flor.
i Prou mira l' llum resplandènt,
mès la olor. . . ja no la sent !
— \0\ —
Alsant lo cap, aturdit,
mira al elevat castell,
aliòn nou cant ha sentit,
y descubreix dintre d' èll
la claror que ans ha seguit.
— i Ay, mon Deu ! ^.com cantaré
si ahòn es la rosa no sè? —
Llavors, ja sense consol,
se posa r arpa .1 la esquena,
y sen entòrna tòt sol;
y pus ha tingut tal pena,
ja per may mès cantar vol.
i La ma ha cullit, primer que èll,
la roseta del castell !!
BúFARDLL.
i Perquè avuy sòn eternas las horas
que passaban poch ha tant deprèssa,
y dels cels y dels camps la bellesa
vuy no etxisa mon cor com ahí?
Sens color y sens vida los mira
mon trist cor qu' una espina traspassa,
com de boyras V aixam que lluny passa
& amagarse dels raigs del matí.
;Perqu' èix cor que poch ha s' esponjava
y d' alegre n' lo pit no cabia,
— ÍÜ2 —
com sas alas sacut d' alegria
d la veu de sa esposa 1' moxo,
encongit y aprelal no osa mourers'
en lo fondo del pit àliòn respira,
mòs cobarl que V aussèll cuanl se mira
en las unglas d' acer del falcó?
Ay de nií, que pe'ls' cors es V ausencia,
com lo gel de la nit per las rosas,
ú qui r pondrers' un sol besà bermòsas
y ja mústias las besa allre sol !
Ay de mi, que dos cors que s' esliraan
sòn dos rams qu' en un arbre units cròixan,
y dos rams axí units i ay ! s' esquèixan
si apartaries per forsa se Is' vol !
Jo d' un àngel d' amor baix las alas
recoslava mon front de poela,
y al besarme en lo front ma nineta
vols d' imatges baixavan llaugèrs.
Cuant licrmòsa in' semblava al miraria
al través de sas alas la vida ;
y cuant fàcil ab èllas, querida,
conquistar de la glòria Is' llaurèrsl
En son cor, com en 1' òna tranquil*
se dibuixan las cosas mès bèllas,
jo trovaba los cels, Lis estrellas,
y los camps, y los monts mòs brillants :
ple de llums, ple d' olors tòt ho veya;
ple d' encants pera mi 1' mòa estaba ;
— 405 —
rnès qu' estrany, si llavors ho miraba
per un cor també rich en encants?
Ah ! no mès, ah ! no mès de T ausencia
ab lo fel mos jorns tristos amargues !
Ja no mès, àngel mèu, ay ! allargues
d' anyoransa lo dol que m' consum !
D' èix desert, en que viu, la tristesa
oprimeix mon esprit que t' adora ;
mon esprit, oh mon cel! que t' anyòra,
y sols viu de tos ulls en la llum.
Torna, donchs, a mon cor que ab sas telas
un dosser a ton cor li prepara.
Si la vida es en ditxas ja avara,
i perquè al viurer las ditxas robar?
Torna a mi, y al cenyirte ab mos brassos,
com al tronch T eura verda s' aferra,
^no es cert que ja mès en la terra
de mon cor te voldràs separar?
Rl'BIÓ.
— Í04 —
CAIVT DE AMORS.
^Hónt podré jo trobar niogun abrich
pus sò forsat eD sola vos amar;
amor se vol vers m( mostrar inlch
tenint mon cor ja secb de suspirar?
Ja no pucb més ni sè més desitjarl
Pere Serxtí.
Trobadors, los qui un dia embriachs de glòria
cantareu la victorià,
<le damas favorits en corts d' amor;
Ausias March lo diví, Jordi lo noble.
Febrer, cantor del poble,
deixííurae 1' arpa de las cordas d' or :
r arpa divina ab que V amor cantareu
y un dia acompanyareu
de las damas las veus angelicals,
r arpa de que vibrar fòrcu un dia
.1 torrents 1' armonía,
vencedors coronats delsjochs florals:
deixaume eixa arpa! Vull cantar la hermòsa
mès fresca que la rosa
que galana s' ostenta en lo jardí,
mès bella que una nit suau, placentèra,
de dòlsa primavera,
mès bella que V estel del dematí.
— ^0D —
No es mès esbelta, nó, que sa cintura,
la palma que frescura
y ombra dóna al alarb en lo desert ;
ni que sa veu, que es d' una lira enveja,
dels aucèlls, que lo vent del bosch oreja,
mès hermòs y mès dols es lo concert.
No estima tant la bulliciosa abella
íí r encesa rosella
de qui en un bes d' amor xucla la mel ;
no estima tant la llibertat un poble,
ni sos blasons un noble,
ni estiman tant los angelets lo cel;
com jo estimo íi la nina seductora,
de tots mos pensaments reina y senyora,
que, mès que un trono, un temple tè en mon cor,
cuant, plena d' abandono, enamorada,
sanegra cabellera deslligada,
cau en mos brassos suspirant d' amor.
Rodejííumede pòmas oloròsas!
de cansòns amoròsas
féume sentir los seductors acorts !
Genis alats del bosch, ninfas calladas
dels rius y las cascadas,
donàume un llit de flors per mos amors!
Y tu que regnas en mon cor, senyora,
nineta encantadora,
port de ma vida, de mon fat estel,
— Í0« —
escolta la canso que jo suspiro,
si enamorat deliro
mirantme de tos ulls en lo pur cel.
Ton nom me diu lo vent que mou lleugèras
dels òlras las cabellòras,
ton nom me diu corrent V aigua del riu :
èls tu ma sola glòria y mon contènto,
y tòt rumor que sento,
ton nom, nineta, ton dols nom me diu.
Tè de ton nom las llelras adoradas
mon pensament grabadas,
com ta imatge grabada esta en mon pit;
que sempre ab tu, senyora y reina mia,
jo penso cada dia,
jo penso y jo somio cada nit.
La ciutat per las planas abandona ;
vínaab mi! Una corona
de rosa y gessamí jo t' texiré.
Serds dels camps la reina seductora,
y jo als teus peus, senyora,
r himne sant dels amors entonaré.
Oh ! vína, vína ab mi ! Lo camp convida,
y allí, sol de ma vida,
jo t' faré un niu de ílors, jo, ton vassall;
un niu de amor entre las flors, madona,
com lo sultà no V dóna
à la nina millor de sòn serrall.
— m —
Y si dels richs envejas las moradas,
las fèstas encantadas,
las perlas, los diamants, las joyas, 1' or,
jo tincli raès fèstas que ells y niès grandèsas,
jo tinch mès que ells riquèsas,
y no sò sinó un pobre trobador.
Mos jardins sòn los prats y las montanyas,
mos palaus las cabanyas,
hòn viuen la pobresa y la virtut,
hòn troba 1' cor, ferit d' amor y pena,
la pau dòlsa y serena
que dònan lo repòs y la quietut.
Mas fèstas sòn del cel la galanura,
dels boscos la hermòsura,
los camps daurats al apuntar lo sol,
las frescas salzeredas hòn s' amaga
y enamorat divaga
lo trobador del bosch, lo rossinyol.
Mas fèstas sòn també, fèstas hermòsas,
las trobas armoniòsas
dels aucèllets que cantan sos amors,
y mos diamants las gòlas de rosada
que r alba regalada
ecstèn cada matí sobre las flors.
Oh ! vína ab mi, d' amor la raès garrida.
Jo vull passar la vida,
de desitj suspirant, d' amor planyent ;
_ ^08 —
jo vull morir besant tos mórbits brassos,
que de mon cos sòn llassos,
Irobas cantant en tendre languimènt.
Cíínten altres del or y las grandèsas
las frívolas bellèsas,
que no m' han d' arrancar ni un sol sospir :
jo vull tan sols viurer per tu, senyora,
y al arribar ma hora,
puig d' amor he viscut, d' amor morir.
Jo vull tan sols que grabe una ma amiga
sobre ma tomba, una inscripció que diga:
<tHic jau de Montserrat lo trobador :
un Uor volgué per símbol de victorià,
mès, si en va l' llor òll demana a la glòria,
r arrancíí al menys del arbre del amor. »
Baugoéi.
AínORS Ql]E lOATAN.
(fantasIa.)
La /"/or.— ^Perquè, hermòsa, m'has privat
dels besos del sol ardents,
de las caricias dels vents
dels cants del aucèll amat?
^Perqu' en èix gerro daurat,
fret com sens amor un cor,
— Í09 —
tens presa íí eixa trista flor ?
^Es algun crim nàixer rosa?
La nina. — Oh! nó; mes, si ètstan hermòsa
^com vols que no t' tingué amor ?
^Com vols que, veliènte tant pura,
deixas tacar ta diadema
per la pols que tòt ho crema,
dels cuchs per la baba impura ?
^Com podia ma ternura
contemplarte sens dolor
morir del fret al rigor ?
Jo t' guardo perquè t' adoro.
La flor.— Mes, si lluny del jardí m' moro
^qué m' importa ton amor?
V aucèll. — Llibre y ditxòs èra ahí,
y volant de rama en rama,
ja cantava .i la qui m' ama,
ja als primers raigs del matí.
Perfums me daba l' jardí,
aygua Is' rius y 1' sol calor.
^Perquè, donchs, en grillòns d' or
ma ditxa has tornat, ingrata?
La nina. — ^Si èts tan hermòs, si es tan grata
ta veu, vols no t' tingué amor?
Vols que t' vege en aspre niu
mitj gelat per la rosada
d' hivern, y en la mitgdiada
cremat pel' sol de 1' estiu?
— \{0 —
lEn lo bècli del falco altiu
6 en las mans del cassadòr
vols que t' plora mon trist cor?
Estimo tant ta bellesa !
V aiicèll. — Mès, si m' moro de tristesa,
i que m'importa ton amor?
Lanina. — Es, mamaré, tan galant
lo jòvonet que m' adora!
Es tan dols cuant m' enamora !
Es tan trist d' amor son cant !
En son ample front brillant
lluu del geni la claror:
^perquè, donchs, ab tan rigor
tancas mos balcons y rèixas?
La mare. — Si òts tan bella, no mcreixas,
ma filla, que t' tinga amor?
íNo mereixas que gelosia
guarde fins dels raigs del sol
ton front hòn no ha pres lo dol,
ton bell cor d' àngel, liermòsa?
^Que no gose ab tu, com gosa
r avaro ab son rich tresor,
sent de ma vida la flor?
Perquè t' amo t' tinch guardada.
Lanina. — Mes, si m' moro d' anyòrada,
qué m' importa ton amor?
Rubió.
i\\ —
jTORI^AU!
Stelia de Dio che con il chiaro albore
spunlasli in qucsla notle oscura.é bruna.
— Marino.—
Plaume cantar en llengua castellana,
plaume també cantar en llemosí,
plaume oir lo soroll de la fontana,
plaume r cant del aucèll en lo matí;
plaume vèurer lo sol cobert de grana
naxer alia del sol en lo confí ;
però, mès plaume, celestial senyora,
vostra mirada que mon pit anyòra.
Desitj' per respirar un cel inmens ;
vull monts coberts de neu, vull nits d'estrèllas,
vull camps de ílors y de bellèsas plens,
vull rius furiosos, tempestats, centèllas ;
vull la ramòr sentir de mil torrents;
vull véurer, Dèu, las vostras maravèllas...
pus vull encara poch, senyora mia:
vull oir, sí, la veu que un jorn oia.
Tornau, senyora, tornàu,
y la vida m' donareu,
puig si axí morí' m' dexau,
quant darme vida volgau,
ja sens vida m' trobareu.
— \\2 —
lQ[ié us' fèu vostre amant, senyora?
Digíu, senyora, ^qué us' fèu,
que vostre pit no 1' anyòra?
i Ay ! si sabeu que us' adora
es pocli lo que vos sabeu ?
^Qué hi ha per mi sens aquella
que son pit me descubrí
ans de partir a Castella?
jo no sé viurer sens ella,
y ella ^sab viurer sens mi?
i Ay I ab vòs me semblarian
eslas serras mes hermòsas;
las nits de lluna scrian
mès puras, puig cubririan
nostras citas amoròsas.
Vida tindria mon pit;
no cabria en ell mon cor,
y encara que fòs de nit,
may lo veuriau dormit,
puig no dorm may mon amor.
i Qué ! i no us' recordau, senyora,
del tòmps en que ft'ya gala
mon cor, que sempre us' adora,
de fèrvos mès seductora
la veu de una humil cigala?
Torn£Íu, senyora, tornau
— 445 —
y la vida m'donaréu,
puig si axí mori' m' dexau,
quant darme vida volgau
ja sens vida m' trobareu.
BlAItCB.
iPlORA, META, PLORA !1!
Plora, nineta, plora
la mort d'un cor novell ;
si mon cor no t'adòra
ja passaràs sens èll.
; Ah ! èra un jorn , j bon Dèu ! j quin jorn aquell !
Ploraba una donzella
perquè la sort iraidòra
anaba pròmte a separarme d'èlla !
Y lu, perquè mon cor ja no t'adòra,
ploras també com ella...!
Mès si ploras com ella j plora, plora !
Sento l'tèu plany humitejar ma ma,
com sentia llavors,
ab febre abrassadòra
•humitejar mon front sos febles plors !
Y tu, perquè mon cor ja no t'adòra,
ploras també ab sos plors 1
Si ploras ab sos plors ; ay ! ; plora, plora !
— ÍU —
Jo he vist lliigrimas tantas
caureruD jorn per mi,
que lu ja no m'espantas
si t'veig plorar axí.
La que mon cor adora,
ploraba ab mon trist plany,
i qui sab si d l'altra aurora
sen' reya del engany?
íNo veus com no suspiro
cuant sento tos gemèchs?
íTon plany no veus com miro,
com miro ab ulls tan sechs?
Plora, nineta, plora,
la mort de un cor novell:
si mon cor no t'adòra
ja passards sens èll.
BUNCH.
A UNA SENYORETA.
(àWACBBÓSTICA.)
Gentil com la palmera
que s' gronxa en lo desert,
cuant al matí 1' aurora
la bressa ab son alé,
cuant, Uensant la rosada
que sas palmas cubreix
en gòtas d' or y plata,
— 443 —
saluda al sol naixent.
Hermòsa cora lo cisne,
que sobre un coll de nèu
alsa l'cap de noblesa,
nadant en vast safreig.
Aixís gentil y hermòsa
volgué formarte Dèu,
que, al darte de la palma
la gràcia y moviment,
del nevat coll del cisne
te dona I' esbellés,
yl' dols mirar de un ííngel,
y lo sonrís del cel.
Sol y Padris.
ROSADA DE LLAGRIMAS.
Bella es la bella que mon cor adora,
bella com la ilusió que enganya al noy,
bella com 1' aucellel que en lo niu plora
la mare que ha fugit al sòu amor.
Bella es la bella que mon cor ansía,
rosa nascuda en lo jardí del cel,
que cuant al cor lo sèu perfum m' envia,
lo cor s' en puja fins als peus de Dèu.
Bella es la bella que la vida m' dóna,
cora la dona a las flors la llum del sol ;
y si del sol no porta la corona.
— \H —
ja tè com èll la cabellera d' or.
Com al pulsar las cordas delicadas
un so s'en porta, jemègant, lo vèot,
cuant .i mos ulls arrivan sas miradas,
s' en porlan lo mèu cor ; ay del cor mèuí
i Ay del cor mèu ! que la passada glòria,
en milg de son dolor, ha enlluernat,
puig un recorl dormit en la memòria
desperta trist lo be perdut plorant!
Lo bè volgut de la lernura mia
que avuy descansa alia... prop de la font,
de la font que jemèga nit y dia,
imatge dels gemòchs de mon dolor.
Daume per èll las flors de la enramada,
daume las flors que rega 1' Francolí,
lo riu tranquil de la corrent callada
que Is' peus de ma ciutat besa al morir.
Jo sò r arbre que s' alsa solitari
entre las rocas del cremat desert:
als capritxoses colps del aire vari
lo ramatje caigut anant movent,
tristas las fiillas sòn que I' vent belluga,
tristas las fullas sòn que al aire vaD,
tristas las fullas sòn que l' frel arruga
y s' en porta, bramant, la tempestat.
' Aqueix vent que passa ple
de las olors delicadas
de las rosas amagadas
en las brancas del rose',
i ay, hermòsa del mèu cor !
— ÍI7 —
ja no ns' diu que las floretas
estan enamòradelas
y ns' convidan al amor!
Del vent la pura arnionía
que, passant perlamontanya,
en fresca agradable banya
r aire de la nit sombría,
ja no m' porta en mon camí,
arrancat a ta bòqueta,
un mòt de la cansòneta
que m' dirijías a mi!
Ja no van aucèlls cantant
de ta casa per la vora ;
sols la tórtola que plora
va al sèu estimat buscant.
Ysos sospirs que al mèu cor
portan la melancolía
te dihuen, hermòsa mia,
los desiljs del mèu amor.
De tu n' fèya mon consol
y has passat, ; oh vida mia !
com papallona de un dia,
com fÇfinsesilla d' nn sol.
Has passat, ay ! has passat
com caiguda fulla morta,
que ningú sap hòn la porta
lo vent de la tempestat.
Quedo cort) pedregós camp
sota un cel cobert de dol;
he pres per claror del sol
lo que èra la llum del llamp.
Sobre ta tomba gelada
los noys y fer.in clotels,
hòn a beurer la rosada
baixaran los aucèllets.
Y del estiu en los dias,
raòs amargas que lo fel
hi beuran llagrimas niias,
per porlartelas al cel !
MOBÍRA.
Qúmj^m Q^iM íjjj'• 2jgp rHMiim• iflC^»--
Jo tincií una caseta
propet del riu,
allí, si véns, Nineta,
férem lo niu.
Dels teus amors, liermòsa,
y Is' mous amors,
veuràs lo niu ditxòsa^
cobert de flors.
La tenen enramada
rosas, clavells,
y dalt de la teulada
cantan aucèlls,
y i las brancas s'enfilan,
y allí, amagats,
— 4Í9 —
passant lo cant, refilan
enamorats.
Las fonts que r jardí règan
no tè ningú...
Las tórtolas gemègan
com tu, com tu...
Y en las nits de ferèsa,
veyèntse sol,
va cantant sa tristesa
lo rossinyol.
Si vols venir, Nineta,
ab tujojunt,
pujaré ab la barqueta
riuet amunt ;
y aniràs, cuant cansada
tornis del vall,
en la barca, sentada,
riuet avall.
Si vols venir, Nineta,
jo t' cantaré
aquella cansòneta
que t' fa plahe' !
Esp^ran ja goijòsas
veuret' aquí
tasgermanas, lasrosas
del mèu jardí.
;Qué fas, pobre rosella,
— 120 —
en lo secjí ?
Si la pesada rella
no l'ha mort ja,
veuràs que al raitg te esfullas
del sol ardent,
y s' en porta tas fullas,
bramant, lo vent.
Colors y alegria
queDèu i' ha dat
te Is' robarà algun dia
l'ivern gelat...
Quen' vcurei'jo no tardi;
éivern, estiu,
serél'abrich que l'guardi,
la aigua del riu.
MonÉBi.
(bECORT d' una i^IGA.)
iTe n' recordas, Narcisela,
deia nit de Sani Joan?
vam' saltar la muralleta
per anar ;i colli' un ram.
i Te n' recordas que l' teniam,
Narcisela, sota l' llit,
— n\ —
per saber si l' trobariam
íí lendem;i tòt florit?
Cada flor de la rameta,
cada flor èra un galan
que trovabam, Narciseta,
en la nit de Sant Joan.
^Te recordas com baixabam
tòt a poch a poch del llit,
per sentir com nos cantaban
caramèllas de la nit?
^Te recordas com obriam
poch íí poch lo finestró,
per veurer si coneixiam
quicanlaba la canso?
Ab silenci y mòlta manya
obriam la finestreta,
y a la punta de una canya
véyam una sistèlleta.
Sistèlleia que ns' pujaban,
pujaba plena de flors,
trèyam las flors, y posabara
regalos pe'ls' cantadòrs.
Cintela de seda blava
à un galan li vaitg donar:
dalt de la canya volaba
— Í22 —
com si à mi volgués tornar.
'»'
Cinta de las mès hcrmòsas
ab que lo cos me cenyí,
i ay cinteta ! ; cuanlas cosas,
cuantascosas saps de mi !
Te n' recordas, Narciseta,
que, anant ;í festa major,
èllportaba una cinteta
yjo portaba una flor?
La cinteta un temps fòu meva,
èll me la va demanar ;
la flor liabia estat seva,
jo la habia de guardar.
Ballant un dia en mal hora
la cinteta li caigué;
èll diu que la balladora
de l'armilla li prengué.
Y per mès desditxa mia, "^
també s'va perdrer la flor:
ballant aquell mateix dia
me la prengué 1' ballador.
^Com reclamar la cinteta
si la flor no li puch dar?
Ay! ditxòsa, Narciseta,
que no has anat <i ballar!
MORÉIA.
— 423 —
(mallorqo(.)
Espòs meu tu qui m'eslimas
en s' ardor que jo t' eslim,
perquè s' uys te Uagrimetjan?
perquè vas tan pensatiu?
Per ésser tots dòs dilxòsos
lluny des raòn tots dòs vivim :
sí sòm jo sa tèua glòria,
perquè t' veig tan afligit?
— Si es ver qu' èts sa mèua glòria
perquè t' allunyas de mi?
perquè t' en vas tòla sola
a plorar devora s' riu?
— M' has vista tu que ploraba?
No n' fassas cas, no : jo' slich
devora tu tan contenta !
Yo sòm en tu tan felis !
— Em dius tu qu' èts venturòsa
y ploras mentras m' ho dius?
— Espòs meu, si tu sabèsses
• lo que tan me fa patir !
— Si sabèsses quina pena
tè es mèu cor tan oprimit!
— Un any fa que mos casarem.
— El faríí demà matí.
— Guant sortiam de 1' iglèsia
— 424 —
ple de goig sentia es pit,
y toparem una vèya
asseguda en es camí.
Tothom diu qu' es una bruxa
que tè pacte en s' inimich,
y s' acoslíí, y a sa oreya
axó no mès cm va dir:
« Abans de qu' es sol se ponga,
conta sas flors des jardí. »
— Y cuantas flors hi trobares?
— Trescèntas sexanta cinch.
Cada dia Is' lie contadas
y m' tremolajjan es dits,
y una flor, la mès hermòsa
em faltaba cada pich.
— No sabs tu que hi ha un astroleg
que fa mòlt de temps que viu
dins una torre esfondrada
d' aquell castell tan antich?
Guant sortiam de I' iglèsia
s' acosta devora mi,
y ab una veu mòlt profunda
em dona aquest sol avís : *
« Contaràs bè sas estrèllas
en punt de sa mitja nit.»
— Y cuantas estrèllas veres?
— Trescèntas sexanta cinch.
Cada vespre Is' he contadas
plorant casi com un nin,
y s' estrella mès hermòsa
em mancaba cada pich.
— 425 —
Mira r cel qu' esta de negre,
míral' que demà matí
no tendríí ja cap estrella.
— Ni cap flor tendra s' jardí!
T. Aguiló.
CASTICH DOLS.
Al peu de finestra gòtica
de oloròsfestó guarnida,
cuant la lluna a amors convida,
cada nit un trobador
daba al aire ab sa arpa tremola
cantars tendres a sa nina,
que en la finestra s' reclina
per sentir son aymadòr.
Una nit, ab la lliira tremola
dels estels vetlla la hermòsa :
no sent cap troba amorosa :
lo trobador no ba vingut.
En va espera ; 1' son domínala,
ajusta la finestreta
del palau, y en sa celdeta
telo somni a amor vençut.
Per los carrers de la vila,
que tranquila
— 426 —
un piu no deixa sentir,
sol un trobador suspira,
y una lira,
una lira fa brunsir.
De una gorra la cigala,
que en cada ala
de una hermòsa 1' nom dii escrit,
cualen lo cel una estrella,
brilla bella
de la lluna a un raig petit.
Endormiscada una nina
sereclina
en la finestra que ha obert:
mitj abrigada la esquena ,
ni s'remena,
y l'cap porta dcï^cubert.
Sa cara entre flors blanqueja,
causa enveja
dels estels al lluent mirar.
Y un vent, que al arbres desfulla,
vcy li embulla
las trenas que li fa alsar.
Es baixa la finestreta,
mòlt baixeta,
y s'hi enfila l'irobadòr;
y la gorra, que en Tolosa
guanya airosa,
— \21 —
posa sobre Is' cabells d'or.
Ella sent que l'írònt 11 pesa,
y ab llestèsa
la ma al cap porta al instant.
Mitj espantada s'desperta,
y en la oberta
finestra mira al amant.
Amor y rubor batallan,
però callan
los seus llavis de carmí,
que l'galan a baix se tira,
y sa lira
deixa amorosa senti'.
Però, com no pot la hermòsa
vergonyosa
perdonar lo atreviment,
ans de comensar la troba,
axis proba
son noble ressentiment:
— Jaqué fins aquí pujares,
y tocares
las rosas de mon fcstó,
eixa gorra envellutada,
que has guanyada,
que has guanyada m' quedo jo ;
y en castich de la tardansa,
per vènjansa,
— Í28 —
de r que tn' feres esperar,
sentir tas trobas y lira
vol ta Elvira
fins que 1' sol isque del mar. —
Calvet.
JLIiAGRIMAS
DE LA VIUDESA.
LAMÈNTOS.
Puig en Iloch lo bè trobau,
Ploràu ulls meus, plordu.
Qui podríi darine consol
en ma desditxadasort?
ay! inexorable mort,
com has apagat mon sol!
perquè me has cobert de dol?
perquè me has robat la pau?
Plordu ulls meus, ploràu.
Aquell bè que tant amava,
aquells ulls que m' davan vida,
aquella ROSA exquisida
que tòt mon ser perfumava,
— V29 ~
al cop de la dalla brava
mústiga y pansida cau.
Plor du ulls meus, ploràu.
En qué para mon araòr ?
en qué la boca de mel
que lo dols néctar del cel,
destil•lava dins mon cor?
Aixut esta son licor !
Llabis meus, aixuts estau !
Ploràu ulls meus, ploràu.
Aquell pit agraciat
que en mitg de sa blanca neu
encenia dins del mèu
lo ardor mès enamorat,
esta rugós y morat,
sens humor, sech com un clau !
Ploràu ulls meus, ploràu.
Ja no abrassaré may mès
la delicada cintura
que, en lo plé de ma ventura,
mefèu ditxòs en excés.
Quin fat volgué que caigués
r arbre de ma trista nau ?
Ploràu ulls meus, ploràu.
Entranyas enamoradas
que nudríau ab sahò
mon rebrot, mon segon jó.
— uo —
contèntas y regaladas,
perquè, perquè mès vegadas
mon sèr no regenerau ?
Plordu ulls meus, ploràu.
Ay de mon bè y de mon mal !
ay tomba gelada y trista !
tòt ho robas de ma vista
sots èix marbre sepulcral.
Ja ditxa buscar no m* cal,
que dins de tu tota jau.
Plordu ulls meus, plordu.
Tòl lo mòn est^í cobert
de negras òmbras per mi :
eclipsat mon serafí,
ma llum per I' espay se pert.
Qué fareu en èix desert,
puig en Uoch lo bè trobau?
Plordu ulls meus, plordu.
AL MIRALL.
Tu que m' feres ser gelós
y m' robavas sa bellesa,
perquè ab mi tanta cruesa ?
Tórnamela generós.
Jo t' estimo carinyòs,
car dins de tu la vegi :
— \z\ —
jo també la disfrutí ;
sígasme, donchs, complacènl:
ensényamela un moment,
y muyra desprès aquí.
AL COXI.
Aquí sa galta liermòsa reposava
com en lo prat la flor de priíuavera,
r ébano de sa fina cabellera
sobre eixa blanca tela resallava,
Aquí son Uabi sobre T mèu sèUava
una amistat per sempre duradora,
aquí sa boca candida y sincera
tòt lo sèu cor dins de mon cor vessava.
Coxí ingrat, confident de sa hermosura,
com sofrires que p;ílida y iransida
patís en tu mateix llarga amargura,
y sobre tu mateix queda's rendida?
6 no recordes may ta gran ventura,
ó arrepentit retórnali la vida.
LA SOLEDAT.
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs I e plora.
— \Ó2 —
Respon .1 mon plant
dòlsa vida mia,
mira ma agonia,
mógat mon qiicbrant :
sens lu no reposa
èix cor que t' adora :
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
Contempla mon niu
fret y desolat,
trist y ressecat
com rostoll d' estiu
dès que no se hi posa
ta ala encantadora.
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora .
Ala matinada
prou busc' ansiós
del bèch carinyòs
r ardènta besada ;
trob' brossa raspòsa,
palla freda y fora.
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
V alba del matí
ja no fa brillar
lo pintat collar
de ton pit diví : ,
— ÍÓ5 —
com nit tenebrosa
ix per mi I' aurora.
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
Èix òlm esta sech
puig r éura li manca :
brota cada branca
un sentit gemèch
que, ab veu llastimosa ;
esclamaa tòt'hora:
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
Torna a mos arruUs,
lórna, vida mia ;
Uansan nity dia
llíígrimas mos ulls.
Sens tu m' es penosa
fins I' aura sonora.
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
No véns, amor mèu?
ni en selva ni vall
sento lo metall
de ta dòlsa veu.
Pena congoixòsa
que mon cor devora !
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
- Í34 —
Quin poder cruel
detura ton vol?
qui cobreix de dol
lo mèu cor fidel ?
quina m.1 envejosa
ma ditxa desflora?
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
Mès, ay desditxat!
En èix herm que he vist?
sota xiprer trist
de sòmhra rodat
una freda llosa?
Sort meva traidòra !
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plora.
Ja no vull fugir
del trot matador :
piadòs cassadòr
vínam a ferir :
júntam abma hermòsa.
Beneida V hora ! !
Tórtola amorosa
ton espòs te plom.
— 455 —
A LA PINTA.
Pèssa de marfil brunyit
que ab sa ma, joyòsa y tièssa,
semblavas tòl d' una pèssa
sens juntura ni afagit,
per ma fé, esiich aturdit
que t' hajas desencolai:
mès ay ! ma sort t' ha tocat :
jo y ella fèyam un tòt;
se desprengué, dona un bòt,
y ja sols sò una meytat.
A LA FONT
hòn lo Autor vegé per primera vegada
à la que après fòu sa muller.
SCIiZIIiliA MAaBACIO.
Para lo tèu curs, oh font,
que vull conlarte mas penas
mòlt mès duras que las venas
d' eixa roca que t' fa pont :
no demanes aigua al mont,
que aumentaré ta corrent
— 436 —
fent ab mos ulls un torrent
dellagrimasdestil-ladas
mès puras que las nevadas,
mès claras que 1' firmament.
Aquella nimfa divina
que en ton marge conegui,
blanca com lo gessamí,
tendra com la clavellina,
mès tendra, sensible y fina
se paga de mos amors :
sens desdenyòsos rigors
mas caricias accepta,
y mos purs favors paga
ab altres castos favors.
Enamorat yagrahit
ama venturòsa estrella,
mení la casta donzella
fins al altar benehit. .^
Allí me jura son pit
pura fé per sempre mes.
Moncorjoyòs en excés
logra la ditxa mòs alta,
cregut que ja res li falta
yquetòtlo mòn sèu es. «
En sos brassos disfrutava
la glòria dels serafins,
de sos llavis purpurins
lo sabròs nèctar xuclava,
sobre mon pit palpitava
son pit amant y gosòs,
derramant entre tots dòs
— 457 —
tal delícia en cada abras
que no ho potcompendrerpas
qui no haja estat venturós.
Entre ternura y ardor
se ns' encengué un viu desitg
de véurer créixer al mitg
un rebrot de nostre amor:
prest 1' àngel consolador
satisfèu ganas lamaoyas,
puig, sens novenas estranyas,
fèu que ma gentil meytat
sentís un sèr animat
que habitava en sas entranyas.
Llavors la nostra alegria
puja fins al cap de munt,
esperant lo felíspunt
que isquès à la llum del dia :
sols allí se dirigia
nostre cuidado total,
y ja gosavam cabal
avans^e temps y sahó
lòta la satisfacció
del dols títol paternal.
Però la sort envejosa,
cansada defèrnosbè,
capgirar lo gust volgué
en aflicció congoixòsa ;
desplega dins de ma esposa
cert mal que secret tenia,
quetraidòr la consumia,
y ma ROSA regalada
— 438 —
se vegé prest agostada
per terrible malaltia.
Qui pot contar del lormènt
que patia la inclemència?
qui pintar la paciència
d' aquell «ingel innocent ?
qui dirà mon sufrimènt
al contemplar sa tortura?
Lo meu cor ple d' amargura
se partia en mil pedassos,
quant sostenia en mos brassos
la descarnada hermosura.
Recolsat en lo coxi,
li donava aquell consol
que mon pit cobert de dol
nó m' sabia dar a mi,
y mon amant serafí
ab caricias me pagava
lo cuidado que m' costava ;
y la liabia de deixar
pera sortir a aixugar
la llàgrima que m' rajava.
Lo sol íinia son torn
deixantme agafat al llit:
allí m' tenia la nit,
allí m' trobava lo jorn;
y la nit fèya retorn,
y m' trobava alii clavat,
abatut, desesperat,
no podent raès resistir
à la forsa del patir
— ^59 —
de ma adorada raeytat.
Ay! foren vans mos afanys,
vans los esforsos del art,
puig avans de lèmps lo part
vingué completant mos danys.
Sentiments vius mòlt estranys
llavors lo meu cor sofrí :
r esposa patint, y allí
nostre fill que ja vivia ;
mes fòu goig sens alegria,
puix a poch de nat morí.
Après d' èix cas desastrat
passí algun temps en balansa
entre temor y esperansa,
dubtós, incert y agitat:
jacreya mon bè salvat,-
ja creya tocar la mort.
En mitg de tormènt tan fort
y congoixa may sentida,
ja renunciava à la vida,
ja esperava millor sort.
Però la sort enemiga
resolgué fèrme infelís
y enviar al paradís
à ma mal-lograda amiga :
la mort ab sa dalla antiga
se presenta executora,
y al moment que arriva I' hora
de donar lo cop feròs,
tallí lo íil preciós
de ma esposa encantadora.
— uo —
Y ja sols me queda dol,
lldgrinias y sentiment,
y un amorós pensament
que ha de durar com lo sol.
Per fi de mon desconsol
contemplo una sepultura,
hòn trobaré ma ventura
que se lia reduit ,1 cendra,
puig aquella íinima tendra
a fins la carn trob.l dura.
Allí van los meus amors,
allí va lo desitg mèu.
Oh font, no t' s;ípiga greu
de anar a regar las flors
que naixen als rodadòrs
d' aquella tomba adorada;
y si t' manca tal vegada
prou aigua por ta corrent,
mos ulls te daran aumènt
ab U.igrima destil•lada.
Sempre que ab ta corrent mansa
passar.is aprop d' allí,
repetéixli en nom de mi
amor y fé y esperansa :
júrali que la tardansa
de juntarmi me desplau:
en mon nom dónali pau,
salúdala compassiva
dièntli ab ternura viva:
Slgat la terra suau.
— ^41 —
EPITAFI.
En èix sepulcre tancat
jau la meytat de mon sèr:
dònali pau, passatger;
t' ho prega l' altra meytat.
ALS ADORNOS.
Qué sou, fútils adòrnos de metall,
que habeu quedat del bè que tant amí?
qué sòu vosaltres, robas de drap fi
que lo mòn se adquireix ab tan treball?
tristos recorts, inútil encenall
de la divina imatge que adorí
que la mort destructora consumí
y queia terra guarda allií devall.
Acíís deuré pagarvos ab amor,
com a reliquias de lamaMograda,
los quilats que aumentau a mon dolor?
No es vostra ma lernura : reservada
eternament la tè dins de mon cor
r imatge viva allí mateix grabada.
— 442 —
LOS RECORTS.
Donchs lo mèu fat cruel est.*! complert!
donchsen nit eternal
linch de plorar aquell traspàs fatal
que m' condemna íí sèr sol en vast desert
hòn mon amor se perl!
Tristos recorts dels dias de ma glòria,
per pietat caliau,
que lo gelós tormènt me redoblau
quant assíduiïs porlau a ma memòria
de mos amors V historia.
Perquè fèrme present y mès present,
oh veritat funesta !
lo bè que sols en trist recort me resta?
Mógaus .1 compassió mon sentiment,
mon amorós lament.
La llum del jorn me mostra à lòt arreu
de son peu la piijada.
En tòt indret qucm gir, miro pintada
la cara divinal del àngel mèu
que tan fel is me fèu. .-^í.,! -
Lo mónl, la vall, la vinya pampolòsa
retratan ma esperansa
de quant buscava en dias de bonansa
— 445 —
entre mitg de son vert ma flor herinòsa,
ma delicada JIOSA.
En lo tron del Etern ressona encara
aquell benéfich si
ab que son llabi dols vota per mi
amor perpetual, fé pura y clara
jurada al peu de 1' ara.
Oh cabanya felís que la cobrires
en lo nupcial jorn,
quant los beneits amors rodant en torn,
tu lo vel virginal li recullires
y en mon flam 1' oferires.
Jo veig en tas parets fumar l' incens
que son sagrat pudor
ab mi crema sobre 1' altar d' amor,
y entre delíquis de ventura plens
ubriacd mon sens.
Ènlre las fòscas òmbras de la nit
se pinta à ma presencia
de nostres cors ardents la competència.
Com ona alborotada bat mon pit
punyant contra lo llit.
Sento sonar aquella veu melosa
que a mon cor dona vida :
y s' anima en ternura derritida
. 7
— \u —
en repelirme amor etern se gosa, iiVi
amor fins ala llosa. ^ „.i
Jo sento palpitar son cor de foch, ;
y anelant de desitg
assalto la distancia de entre mitg,
y mon inflamat llabi ja descloch,
y jasabírca toch. \.i[
Oh somni dols ! La veritat molesta i
me roba ta ventura,
y m' enfònza de nou en la tristura,
y tapa ab negre vel y mà funesta uj
lo sol plaer que m' resta. -mu flà x
De cop devant mos ulls fa convertir
lo trono de ma glòria
en un llit de dolor ; cruel memòria !
hòn mon bè exala lo derrèr sospir :
yja sols vull morir. . »
LA FÉ.
Mirant los raigs de lluna platejada, ;
mon cor ardent se llansa
en un mar d' esperansa,
y dèsde aquella tomba venerada
vola <1 r alta morada
hòn en glòria inmorlal mon bè descansa.
Lo Has de flors que nostres cors lligava
r Etern lo beneía :
rdmprerse no podia
quant la mort ab ma freda 1' afluixava;
però no l' deslligava
puig èra cast amor qui 1' estrenyia.
Prest serà, dins la tomba funeral,
sa cendra preciosa
ab ma cendra confosa ;
però mon esperit llibre, inmortal,
deixat lo llot carnal,
volarà als brassos de la casta esposa.
Allí renovarem lo bes sagrat
ab gust que sempre dura :
y en eterna ventura
estrenyeré aquell cor enamorat,
dels àngels envejat,
envejat, sí, de tota criatura.'
Cantaran mos amors los serafins,
los benaventurats,
los Chorsy Potestats:
y ab sas alas estesas Querubins
taparan los confins
d' un talam de plaers ja may probats.
Allí cambiarém novas caricias,
y sempre, y sempre raès,
y no tindrà desprès
10
— 446 —
r inefable inmens temps de mas delicias,
ni quedaran resquicias ^
de la pena cruel que pass' adòs.
Perquè en aquesia vall de plani y dol
encara me delinch?
Ja cinch Uunas, ja ciuch
he vist passar en èix desert tòt sol.
Mès veig obrir lo pol,
y la sento que ui crida. Sí, ja vincb.
Haiití.
ROraANSOS,
aoaminofl
— 149 —
RICART LO COR DE LLEÓ.
Mòlt val unida a un cor gran
una may vensuda espasa ;
mès hi híí rischs dels quals mès qu' ella
als braus la prudència salva.
Ab poclis dels seus paladins
Ricart, lo ròy de Bretanya
ú guerreijar s' en vingué,
a guerreija' en la crosada.
Encara que rèy, de ferro
sòn del cap al peu sas arraas,
y en senyal de dol tots marxan
a' peu per la terra santa.
Pocbs sòn, mès un cor de lleó
bat debaix llurs creus de grana,
y ay dels qui probar voldran
com las llurs espasas tallan !
Un jorn, mès eran de mil
los descreguts, que mal hajan,
qu' en lo rèy Ricart y Is' seus
probar volgueren llurs llansas.
— 450 —
Y si bè Is' dond Dèu forsa
per sostenir la batalla
mès temps, fòu perquè mòs gran
fòs dels infiels la raatansa.
Y ho fòu tant, que bè sab Dèu
que dels bons crosals ja estaban
cansadas de segar vidas
y de rèbrer colps las armas ;
Y que de aquell ball de mort
mès rastre al fi no quedava
que un núvul de corbs en 1' aire
y un gòrch de sanch en la plana.
Ricart sortí del combat
ab la corassa herissada
dedarts, y delelmals peus
tenyit de sanch musulmana.
Y dèsde aquell jorn las moras
als nins que ploran espantan
dient :— que vè l' rèy Ricart ! ~
y al moment los infants callan.
Del seus la mort al saber
gran fòu del Solda la ràbia.
Tant lo missatjèr tremola
que apenas s* entènt sa parla.
— Quants èran los de Mahòma?
— \o\ —
lo Soldà li preguntaba.
—Mil y mès.— Quants los de Cristo?
—Ricart, y Is' de sa mainada.
—Quant temps los meus combateren?
—Fins que la mort los segaba.
■ — Com als infiels no cansaren?
--Lo rèy Ricart may se cansa.
Guerreijarem com lleons,
mès Ricart lo de Bretanya,
no obstant que à peu combatia...
— A peu tan gran rèy... Oh, basta !
Juro a Alií que V rèy Ricart
no ha de tornar íí sa pàtria ;
murmurava, y en sos ulls
un raig brillà de esperansa.
Ricart à peu ? Per Mahòma
que qui esperons daurats calsa,
y cenyeix corona d' or,
y porta la creu de grana,
A peu no ha de guerreijar
sobre eixa arena que abrasa,
quant un soldà lè de sòbras
los caballs que à Ricart faltan.
Al rèy Ricart portareu
lo mèu caball de batalla,
— 152 —
y li direu que desitjo
rompre', ab èil la primer Uansa. —
Prest los misatjèrs arriban
hòn lo rèycrosat estava.
— Rèy Ricart, lo rèy Ricart,
óu del Solda 1* embaixada.
Que per lo jorn del combat
los primers colps te demana,
'y acèples, axí Al.i t' salve,
lo sèu caball de batalla ;
Pus no es just que A peu guerreije
sobre eixa arena que abrasa
qui corona d' or cenyeix
y dorats esperons calsa. —
Lo Cor de lleó es discret,
y pus sab que cap V infàmia
en lo cor d' un enemicli
de son Dèu y de sa rassa,
Que cavalque .i un sèu joglar,
que tè per nom Blondel, mana,
y que lo caball enseje
que lo Soldíi li regala.
lo
Sense posar en lo estreb
peu Blondel, en èll salta,
— 153 —
raès no bè cabalca en èll
quant desbocat se dispara.
Y tant lo caball corria,
à pesar del fré que banya
ab sanch, que .1 poc lo joglar
devant del Solda arribava.
— En mala hora, aquell li deia,
vingué lo rèy de Bretanya,
pus lo que en esfors li sobra,
en manyós y astut li manca. —
YBlondelli responia :
— però en hora mòlt mes mala
lo Solda fia en caballs
que al mateix que Is' cria enganyan.
En caballs que no coneixen
si r que fatiga sa espatlla
es lo rèy que fa las guerras
ó r joglar que se las canta. —
Si del Soldà la vergonya
fòu gran, mes ho fou sa ràbia ;
si gran de Ricart la ira
ho fòu mòlt mèsla venjansa.
Tant que si tres cors com èll
hagués tingut la crosada,
~ Í54 —
no profanarian tiirchs
de Jesús la tomba santa.
Mès es lo cert que Ricart
tornat no haguera .1 sa pàtria,
desprès de oui()lir de son noin
de Jerusalem las planas.
Si à mès d' unir a un cor gran
una may vensuda espasa,
no hagués tingut la prudència
que al brau de tans perills salva.
Rouó.
SEIPRE L' MAL TROBA 8EÜIEY.
Dintre del bosch, en celada,
íí caball espèran quiets,
cuatre cents francesos braus,
de foch y de vida plens.
Tòt dret cap A Besalú
caminaba l' senyor rèy,
rodejat de bons amichs,
de forts y braus cavallers,
portant en la mi\ V falcó
per si passaban aussèlls,
solasantse, divertintse,
y de tòt pesar distret.
— Anau, anaii, bona tropa,
deia als seus almiigavèrs,
anau a cercar pel' bosch,
cuanten lo camp no hi lia res.
Jo seguiré 1' dret camí:
mes avant ja ns' trobarem.
Guerra a tòt conill que s' mogui :
tractéulo com a francès.—
Y fent dar salts al caball,
volar fèya 1' espcrvèr,
tòt cantant cansòns d' amor,
y com un juglar rient.
Èra causa de tal goig
lo triunfo que I' bon Marquet
habia hagut en la mar,
r estol de Fransa desfent.
Qui pert en la mar sas naus,
poch en terra podrà fèr,
que prou feina tè en guardarse;
y aixís ho pensaba 1' rèy,
repetint ab confiansa:
— sempre V mal troba remey; —
mès cada volta que ho deia,
contestaba un amich sèu :
— Remey troba sempre 1' mal,
mès cap remey es complert ! —
Mentre així s'alegraba
lo vencedor,
sonà per la pineda
— Í5G —
un gran remor.
Èra un crit dat de prompte,
uníínim, viu,
que s' dilalaba abforsa,
corrent com riu.
No èra un j desperta ferro !
d' almugavòrs,
que r rèy bè ho conegiièra
y Is' caballèrs.
De francès tampoc èra
tan ardent cfit :
prou tè que fèr en Roses,
muty contrit.
— ^Novetat tan estranya,
donchs, quéserd?
diu lo rèy tòt miranlne
al qui prop va.
— Cap remey es complert !
l'altre respon :
qui es lo francès no ignora
ja tòt lo niòn.
— ;Y aquí que hi buscaria?
— No bo sé:.. .no ho sé!
— Sia, doncs, lo que s' vulguia,
sols vingué en bè. —
Resolt lo rèy parlaba,
com sempre ho fa,
mès del amich lo dupte
al cor li va.
Del cap los ulls li saltan,
tòt pensatiu,
— ío7 —
cuant un donzell li crida :
— Senyor, sentiu? —
De caballs numeròsos
un fort trepitj
bèn prop ja ressonaba
del bosch pel' mitj.
Mès que l' trepitj, s' ascòlta
ja estrany parlar.
— Oh ! sí ! sòn gent de Fransa :
no s' pot dubtar.
— Qué fem?.., Qué füm ? esclaman
los cabal! èrs;
sòm pochs y sense tropa
d' almugavèrs !
— Cridaulos ! diu En Pere.
— Pitjor serà ! —
Al crit, mòlt mès deprèssa
lo francès va.
Los pochs qu' al rèy segueixen,
de tòi en tòt,
indecisos se miran,
sens dir un mòt.
— Qué fèm? — tòrnanadir;
cuant de repènt
ja Is' diu la polsaguèra
que es prop la gent.
— iSabeu qué fèm? esclama
lo rèy llavors ;
poseu la ma en la espasa,
y en Dèu los cors. —
Lo falcó llensa En Pere
— 458 —
que duia al bras,
y .i dalt d' un arbre 1' tira,
trencant lo Has;
se senya, trau la espasa,
crida j Aragó !
y al camp valent se llansa
com un lleó.
— Are veureu, amichs,
cridaba 1' rèy,
si Is' mals, per mals que sian,
iroban remey ! —
Prop sòn ja uns y altres,
bèn prop son ja;
ja s' veu bèn be la cara
del que vè y va.
— Ja l' veig, compte de Nívers !
En Pere diu.
— Mèu èts, lo rèy En Pere,
ó mort ó viu ! —
No bè r compte anomena
al de Aragó,
obren pas los francesos
al brau lleó.
Al colp primer que dóna,
lo compte cau ;
r oriflama francesa
per terra jau.
Un donzell que seguia
dels catalans,
veyènt caurer al compte
— 459 —
li posa mans ;
mès, en lloch de acabarlo,
en tal embull,
en sa pressiòsa espasa
solsficsíi r ull.
Pobre donzell ! sa enveja
pagà aviat,
que un caballèr de Fransa
r ha degollat.
Lo rèy veyènt tal cosa
esclama fon :
— Ay Dèu ! viu es lo compte
y r donzell mort!! —
Al caballèr que escapa
veu per avall :
sos ulls mòlt bèl'seguian....
mès no I' caball !
Trencada lè la brida
i oh desconsol !
en va 1' rèy I' esperona :
córrer no vol.
— i Tindré mort vergonyosa?
i oh sort cruel !
ma espasa a ningú arriba!...
ajúdain, cel!
^Seracertqueno hi hage
remey cabal?...
Oh ! no ! que sempre s' troba
remey peV mal. —
Una ma sent que ajunta
llavors la brida :
— iCO —
es i sí! un almiigavèr
qui li ha dat vida.
Ja r fort i desperta ferro !
se du pel' camp :
torna 1' caball a córrer:
va com un llamp.
Empunya V rèy la massa,
y al caballèr,
que no ha perdut de vista,
mata certèr:
tal colp lo rèy donàli
en lo capell,
que persasdòsorellas
sortí r cervell.
Com lleó per la plana
va r rèy altiu :
ni un sol francès ne deixa
en terra viu.
Ja bèn salvada 1' honra
es d' Aragó :
hòn almugavèrs èntran
ningú hi pot, nó.
Goijòs en sa venjansa
llavors lo rèy,
diu : — Ah ! sí ! sempre s'iroba
pel' mal, remey !
Ja acabada la batalla,
replegats los caballèrs,
alsat lo camp ab ganancia,
y Is' almugavèrs contents ;
— \6\ —
lòt aixugantse 1' suor
de son front lo senyor rèy,
y sacudiíilse la roba,
plena de sang de francès,
pregunta a aquells que 1' rodeijan :
— ^Sabríeu dirme, amichs meus,
are que tòt ha passat,
qui es la causa d' aqueix fèt ?
Donaba ja colps ma espasa,
que r crit que ns' ha tret de seny
duraba encara y heu* vist
que r contrari no ha dit res...
^Creyeu si un altre emboscada....?
— Quisab... — digué uncaballèr;
cuant avantsantne resolt
un almugavèr, rient,
ab lo ferro de sa ascòna
presenta als peus del gran rèy
penjada una grossa llèbra,
y d' èix modo li digué :
— Lo crit de | desperta ferro !
sols en la guerra serveix.
Aquí, rèy, teniu la causa,
aquí r culpable veyeu
que ns' ha fèt sèr cridadòrs :
per ell ne sortí 1' francès
deia celada en que estaba,
y us' moguéreu vòs per èll.
— Donchs, dónali llibertat,
ja que ns' ha fet guanyar Dèu ! —
respongué 1' rèy, desUigantne
11
— Í62 —
la Uèbra, que fuig corrent.
Y al cel los ulls ya ficsaba
per donar gracias, cuant veu
que son falcó li lornaba,
porlantli pres un aussèll.
Veyènt llavors tanta gràcia,
plora de goig lo bon rèy,
y dirigintse als aínichs,
sa míícsima repeteix:
— per mòs que Is' mals sien mals,
sempre s' troba un bon remey!
— Pregúntaho, digué llavors
r amicli que ho conlradigué,
als francesos que allí jauhen,
sota Is' caballs, morts y frets.
BOFARDIX.
(Per cantar ab la música de la balada montaDyesa
«FAUaiMS DE CENTÈLL•AS.»)
Un noy es En Jaume,
no lè dinou anys,
y ^ sa veu tremòlan
. los forts capitans.
Surt de Barcelona
la reina dels mars,
— 463 —
y drel íí Mallorca
navegan sas naus.
Allí hi ha un rèy moro
assot dels chrjslians,
y péndre'n venjansa
D. Jaume jura.
Y que per lasbarbas
lo lè d' agafar,
de genolls posantlo
à sos peus reals.
Van ab èll sos nobles
que no 1' dèixan nia'y,
iròpas guerrejadas,
valents catalans.
Los vents bèl' ajudan
las vclas inflant:
la Reina dels àngels
del Fill ho logra.
Vehuen ja a Mallorca,
país ple d' encants,
y allí desembarcan
peons y cavalls.
Los moros guerreixan,
que sòn bons soldats,
y vehuen cadenas
d' En Jaume en las mans.
Las llansas, las flètxas,
coltells y punyals
las mallas foradan
ala mort fent pas.
Lo jove D. Jaume,
— Í64 —
com Dèu dels combats,
romp, talla, dcstrosa
cuant trova al devant.
Topa ab lo rèy moro,
ja r ha desarmat,
lo cull per las barbas
y r fa agenollar.
Y alsa la bandera
de barras de sang,
y sobre Mallorca
la fa tremolar.
Sol y Padbís.
LI GOMIPTESAII URGELL.
RèyEn Jaume.— Pertot sona» las campanas;
per lòt cridan | visca I' rèy !
menos en una ciutat,
la ciutat de Balaguer;
fins qu' ella m' rebi y s' obligui,
content del lòt no estaré:
fins que son senyor me parli,
no escoltaré a ningú raès.
Guillem. — jOiunos, rèy d' Aragó;
vos ho prega un noble y vell,
amparo de una donzella
pobre en bens y rica en drets !
R. J. — No escoltaré, fins que m' parli
— \6o —
lo senyor de Balaguer.
Un dels brills de ma corona
es la espasa del de Urgell.
G. . — Oíunos! pus qui us' demana
tal senyor y compte n' es,
que d mostrarvos vè la espasa,
lo sol brill que manca al rèy.
R. J. — ^ La espasa dels Armengols?
Entreu, En Guerau, entreu.
G. — No s' diu En Guerau lo compte.
R. J. — Amich Cabrera us' diré.
G. — Ni es Cabrera ni es Guerau:
estan sols compte d' Urgell.
R. J, — ^Balaguer est.'í rendida?
G. — Nó ! que un iraidòr la sosté,
lo que ha pres a eixa donzella
ventura, salut y bens.
j Recordéus, rèy d' Aragó,
cuant éreu infant no mès,
de la amiga ab qui partireu
la vostra vida inocènt!
Si empunyeu aquesta espasa,
vos escoltarà lo cel;
lo iraidòr se humillard;
lo just cobrarà son dret;
brillarà vostra corona,
y sereu rèy verdadèrü
R. J. — Per boca del cel tu parlas !
G. — Mon plant vos ho dirdbè.
Guillem senyor de Juneda
tè gran confiansa en Dèu.
— \m —
R. J. — Ton nom y ta cabellera
me causan inmens plahíír,
ómplan de foc lo mèii pit,
yaclaran mon pensament.
Avansau, bella senyora,
que qui sòu ja regonech;
companyòna de ma infansia,
veniu, per mès que ploreu,
pus al véureus també ploro
de goig... y plorem lòts tres!
Lo rèy li besa las mans ;
ella besa al rèy los peus;
y las mans y Is' peus dels dòs
mulla ab son plant lo bon vell.
Ja empunya lo rèy la espasa;
ja d caball corre lleuger,
mèntres la donzella espera
y la consola Guillem.
G. — i Mès, ay ! . . . ja tocan campanas,
^sera que ns' ba oit lo cel?
Alsauvos, senyora mia;
ja no deveu plorar mès.
En Guerau perdó us' demana,
y pren 1' b:íbitde templèr;
fuig del mòn veyènt sos érros;
lo sol ja brilla en Urgell;
la còmptesa n' es còmplesa...
y r rèy entra en Balaguer !
BOFARDLL.
— ^67 —
•
BAIiADA.
Set patjes acompanyat!
mès ay ! al aymadòr
que va a trobar sa nina
mès ay ! prop de la font.
Del castell de son pare,
mès ay ! que n' es aprop,
cap a la font s'en baxa
mès ay ! Na Meliòr.
Un dia, cuan baxaba,
mès ay ! troba lo cos
de aquell que tan volia
mès ay ! estès y mort.
Nafrat de set feridas
mès ay ! sobre del cor,
nafrat ab las set Uansas
mès ay ! dels set traïdors.
Ja n' cau V amoròseta
mès ay! sobre del cos.
Na Melior es morta,
mès ay ! Dèu la perdó.
— Í68 —
íQué n' locan las campanas?
Mès ay! tocan ú morts:
Na Meliòres morta,
mès ay ! Dèu la perdó.
Al castell se l'enduan
mès ay ! ab professo :
portan dòs creus de plata,
mès ay ! tres gonfanòns.
Que volen soterraria
mèsay ! Na Meliòr,
al castell de son jtare
mès ay ! dins un vas d'or.
Las robas y las fustas
mès ay ! blancas ne sòn,
blanquela n' es s;i cara,
mès ay ! també las flors.
La morta cuan la passan
mès ay ! prop de la font,
à tòtson cos n' hi agafa
mès ay ! gran tremolo!
MiLA.
— ^G9 —
ANY 993.
I.
— i Sortiu, lo gran caballèr,
lo que hermòs séquit porteu,
lo que per gala mostreu
la vostra cara altanèra,
sens que may ab la visera
la salvau, ni la cubriu:
I Sortiu !
^Qué fèu, Compte y Soberíí,
derrèra de èfxas almenas?
^ Esteu fabricant cadenas
per los valents d'Almansòr?
^Perquè a posarlas, senyor,
fora del n)ur no veniu?
i Sortiu !
Vòs, que porteu en l'escut
de sang fèt uariu vermell,
^ teniu pòr que mon broquèll
al tal riu deixi secat,
perquè en èll porto pintat
una flama de foc viu?
i Sortiu !
Dòs voltas aquíhé vengut
— no —
y i Barcelona lié guanyat,
però dòs també lie deixat
la presa que ab sang comprí;
mès no serà aquesta així,
pus victorià r cor me diu.
i Sortiu !
Si alguna trama inventeu
mèntres eix silens moslrau,
per cert que vos enganyau,
pus sols vull combat ;i mort;
així, donclis, sortiu d' eix fort
y batalla preveníu.
i Sortiu !
Dòs dias fa que us' espero
y r sol d'avuy casi es posi
sens que hageu. Compte, respost ;
mès si r pit callar us' vol,
jo us' jur que, ans de eixir lo sol,
demíí, sabré hòn Borrell viu.
i Sortiu! —
Trista, bèn trista estaba Barcelona
sense r Compte que, ecscls, la gobernaba,
mèntres r infame moro rodeixaba
los murs que li servian de corona.
Ploraba la ciutat lòla afanyòsa
oint lo rept cruel del Serralii,
y veient que Borrell no estaba allí
mès trista se posaba y congojòsa.
De la vida, aburrida, y trist lo cor,
no veient à Borrell obrir la porta.
— ni —
coraensaba la gent <1 no sèr forta,
desespero sentint, ràbia y dolor.
— íQiié s' feu de nostre pare? deia l' poble:
tardansa tan fatal casi ns' espanta.
í Torneu, noble senyor, dèixéu íí Ganta,
y ú. mostrarnos veniu vostre cor noble ! —
Mès d' Ganta ni novas, ni un espia
arribaba tan sols íí la ciutat ;
tòt pel' dur Almansòr èra parat,
pus ningú per son cerc passar podia.
Y r poble s' adormia sens consol,
y r moro adelantaba sas trinxèras,
ysols, per resistència, Uaslimèras
veus oia de dins plenas de dol.
En tant, una persona, anima bella
que del cor de Borrell èra senyora,
lluny veient de la pau la dòlsa aurora,
la gran ciutat vetUaba com estrella.
Apenas en V ocíis la llum daurada
del sol fonèntse anaba, la Còmptesa,
afanyòsa seguint la fortalesa,
se n' pujaba a la part mès elevada.
Miraba 1' camp del moro en 1' orient,
la sòmbra, al nort, del Compte que venia,
son pais en llevant fosc distingia,
y la enemiga nit en 1' occident.
Del primer veia prop ja la victorià ;
del segon no íiaba en la tornada ;
del paishòn nasqué s' veia privada,
y en la fosca fugir veia sa glòria.
i Una nit... ! trista, negra y sense lluna,
— n2 —
de aquèllas que jelar fan V esperit, *
sens que del cel en lo mantell pulit
brilli ènlre sa blavor estrella alguna ;
nit de dol y de calma, la nit fera
mateixa en que son rept fèu Almansòr,
dient de Barcelona al gran Senyor
que del mur no se estès ja mès derrèra ;
aquella nit valenta la Còmptesa,
també èra en la atalaya al moro oint,
los mès tristos combats del cor sufrlnt
moguts per lo còraije y la tristesa.
Ènlre almena y almena 1' cors tenia,
del Serrahí escoltant lo rept fatal,
descansant lo sèu front sobre un punyal,
que ú cada mòt del moros' commovia.
Sa caballèra dor' penjaba .i fora,
semblant, cuant bellugar la feia 1' vent,
herba que, sens cultiu allí creixent,
la seca 1' sol, del mur en una vora.
Quieta y sola en tal llocli, cada vegada
que r moro « j Sortiu ! » deia amenassant,
Ludgarda horrorisada, Is' ulls tancant,
treia un sospir de sa anima apurada.
Però al fi acaba 1' umro son discurs,
deixant los seus furors per una altra hora,
y llavors animanlse la senyora,
parl.i, donant al cor y a la veu curs.
Al cel se dirijian sos clamors,
que brillar un estel fèu en tal punt,
únic que llum donaba ènlre 1' conjunt
dels astres que en la nit sòn vividors.
— ns —
— i Oh tu, estel, que dins del cor
ta llum penetrar me fas,
digas a mos plors hòn vas,
y ells parlaran ab 1' amor;
r amor me treura 1' dolor,
y, en calma tan placentèra,
jo ,t' jur, estel, que quimera,
no tindré ja dins mon pit,
y t' diré tota la nit,
qu èts r únic rèy d' esta esfera !
Mon esperit calma, estel,
y de Borrell en las mans,
à Ganta y a Ruvirans
fes caurer, perdent l' infiel.
Ab ta gran llum, desde 1' cel,
enlluerna al Serrahí,
y obrint tos raigs fins aquí
pas .i Borrell, mon afany
fés cessar, y sense dany
fés que 1' vegi prop de mi ! —
No pugué la Còmptesa parlar mès
pus se habia apagat la llum hermòsa,
y aquella fosca trista y horrorosa
en son cor se posa com un dur pes.
Abatuda caigué... y son punyal,
de sa ma desprenèntse, ab gran remor
salta en lo vall, fent créurer a Almansòr
qu' èra tal colp de guerra una senyal.
— i Dormiu, gran Muhamad ! lo sentinella
digué al Hagib, veyèntlo en peu, despert ;
Ja vijilo, senyor....
— Í74 —
—Qui es lo que pert
lo repos de mon camp? Qui 1' atropella?
— Fragments foren del mur que s' esmoròna.
— iCau lo mur, bon musií? oh. qué alegria.
Presagi dols es lo que Al;í m' envia !
No importa que m' desvetlli Barcelona,
pus que dem.i en lo llit de son senyor
me refaré del somni que lié perdut;
mès.... ;Ay de tu, ciutat, cuan ajagut,
tranquil dins de tos murs, dormi Almansòr !
II.
Esperant lo dia 1' moro
per guanyar la fortalèí»a,
pensant que dins de ella estaba
lo que de tal senyor era,
é ignorant qne en Ruvirans
en persona íès la guerra ;
ènlre la quietut del poble
y los plors de la Còmplesa,
vingué lo dia de nou
a donar llum a la terra;
lo sol comens.i .1 jugar
per entre Is' monts de Favencia ;
Barcelona, 1' aflijida,
ú posarse torn;í alegra,
y per mirar sa senyora
— no-
de tal hora la bellesa,
obrí los sèiïs ulls de foch
y r cap alsa de la almena.
Apenas mira en lo camp,
cuan una gran polsaguèra
repara entremitg dels arbres
que tota la plana cèrcan.
Bultos veia entre aquell nubol,
y entre Is' bultos la presencia
distingia d' uns guerrers
que corrian a gran pressa.
Entre ells un conjunt de llansas
veia brillar com estrellas,
y en èllas clavats pendòns
y dintre dels pendòns Uetras,
dient en los uns; Victoria,
y en altres: al moro guerra.
Seguian de cinch en cinch
al Compte Borrell, que Is' mena,
portant en la m^ 1' capell,
y esforsantse en la carrera,
los caballèrs, plens de pols
y ab las armas de sang plenas.
Mòlt gran èra la alegria
que tenia la Còmptesa,
mès, se comensa à amargar,
al véurer la gran filera
de moros que se estenia
per lo camp de dreta «i esquerra ;
y a fèr un senyal anaba
perquè 1' Compte estès alerta.
— 476 —
cuan i Dèu del cel ! los seus ulls
ja no veiguèren hòn era
ni r Compte, ni Is' caballèrs,
ni Uansas, pendòns ni llelras,
y sí sols de pols un núbol
que llavors mès gros se veia.
Almansòr, ab sos soldats,
pic de ràbia y de destresa,
se acababa de llansar
sobre la gent de la terra,
ab un ccsércit tan gran,
que com l'altre set ne feia.
Tan sols los grans bots de Uansas
y lo xiular de las flòlxas,
mesclat ab los crits de mort
y paraulas llastimèras,
èra r únich que arribaba
de la senyora en la orella,
que caigut de nou habia
desmayada tras la almena.
Èntremifg de tal dolor
sentí una veu la Còmptesa
que, dèsdelovall del mur,
deia de aquesta manera:
— Sòmbraque bas trencat lo]somni
del gran senyor que ns'goberna;
sòmbra que may bas respost
a lo que Almansòr te deia
cuan reptaba a lon senyor
— \n —
acusantli sa peresa ;
sòmbra que no has volgut dir
del compte Borrell las trètas,
y al Hagib has enganyat,
callant que ta fortalesa
sense rèy ni cap estaba;
jo t' dono avís, que mòlt certa
es la victorià que, en Ganta,
guanya alií lo que tu espèras;
mès també i' dich, sòmbra estranya,
que la guarnició valenta
que han vensut eixos cinch cents
que veus ab Borrell al frènta,
avuy ha de ser venjada
per lo que temps h.i que t' repta ;
y a bèn segur, mala sòmbra,
que eixa cohort de noblesa,
que mostrant lo cap venia,
ni sòmbra serà prest de ella,
pus a saludar sos caps
marxan cinch cèntas ballestas. —
Al sentir èixas rahòns
tan de terror y sang plenas,
horrorisantse Ludgarda,
aparta sa cabellera,
y, arrosegantse pel' mur,
contempla, dèsde la almena,
à aquells cinch cents ballesters
que, corrent ab Uaugerèsa,
al combat se dirijian
ab una negra bandera ;
i2
— 478 —
al arribar prop del cual,
jirantse ibt de repènla
Tadalil•iue Is' dirijía,
amenassíí ab la ma dreta
ú la ciutat desdilxada,
Uansant, ab ràbia y ferèsa,
un Ay ! amenassadòr,
que repetí la Còmptesa
ab un altre Ay ! de aflicció,
que dona cayènt en terra.
lli.
L' alba èra ja, y la Còmptesa
no cessaba de plorar,
dèbil, sens poder jirar
lo cap per véurer sa gent,
cuantl' agut y fort xiulet
de una ballesta traidòra
alsarla feu, sens demora,
per véurer son moviment.
jAy Dèu ! èra una ballesta
que, del camp del Serrahí,
dirijida anaba allí
ab acert lo mòs cabal,
portant agafat en ella
i' hermòs cap de son marit,
de sang tòt ple, mès cenyit
— 179 —
ab sa garlanda còmplal.
— i Borrell ! — esclama Ludgarda ;
y com si encara sentit
tingués lo cap, tòt seguit
un vol per 1' aire dona ;
y per trobar hòn anaba
a' parar sa direcció,
ab gran precipitació,
del mur Ludgarda escapd.
En la plassa 1' poble estaba
De San Just y San Paslòr,
ple de admiració y dolor
mirant lo cap de Borrell ;
aquell cap tjue, ja sens la arma,
muUaba ab sang catalana
las mans de la soberana
que abrassada estaba ab èll.
Al Senyor del cel, postrat
feia r poble rogativa,
demanant que mès esquiva
ja no se Is' mostres la sort ;
y cada volta que I' cor
iíson Dèu, pur, se elevaba,
per lo mur un cap entraba
d' un altre caballèr mort.
ja entraba una testa blanca,
arrugada y venerable ;
ja entraba lo cap afable
ab cabells d'or d' un garsó ;
ja r cap, ab cara barbuda,
— Í80 —
d'un adult de fort talanl;
ja un cap sense j)el, mostrant
de sos anys la duració.
Un munt devant de la iglòsia
se veia de caps tallats
y de llagrimas mullats
dels que òran enderredòr;
dels fills, dels pares y esposas
que, al parent penssanl difunt,
rejislraban lo trist munt,
un cap buscant ah dolor.
Cinch cèntas ballestas èran
las que entrat pel' mur babian,
las que al lloch se dirijian
hòn caigué 1' cap sobera ;
y cinch cents los caps queabèllas
també entr-ren plens de sang,
tallats per lo dur alfang,
del Hajíb moro tird.
Pobre Ludgarda 1 Qué fas?
no t' queda ja altre remey
per donar 1' últim servey
ú ta inocènta ciutat,
que agafar ta noble espasa,
y prepararte ah Uestòsa
i detenir la ferèsa
del moro desenfrenat.
i Jay corrèrenü... Dirijils
per la Còmptesa valenta
— \s\ —
que, en la ma, portabíwal frènta
lo cap d' aquell que esliniíí,
al portal prest se llansaren,
com a lleons verdadèrs,
per fèr contra als ballesters
que trencant 1' es taba n ja.
Mès... i Verge pura ! al donar
la Còmptesa I' crit valent
de guerra, un espès torrent
de moros obrí I' portal ;
y Is' pochs heroics catalans
que, al véiirer tal, se avansaren,
baix r alfang lo coll doblaren
ab la Còmptesa real.
— ;Ay!—à\^né al morir Ludgarda,
ab lo cor ple de dolor ;
— íAy!—ó\§ué V poble ab horror,
al pérdrer son esperit;
y Almansòr, des son caball,
fènl ab son bras amenassa,
y al llarch corrent de la plassa
que habia per blanc servil,
respongué als ays de tristesa,
mostrant sa arrogància mora,
ab sa veu alerradòra,
ab un altre— /^y.'—venjadòr ;
y passant ab son caball
per demunt dels caps tallats,
se dirijí ab sos soldats
al palau del mort Senyor.
— -182 —
IV.
I «
^ Quina es eixa ciutat lan quieta y tfista
que de Hixein lo pendó en sos murs ostenta?
i Es, pot sèr, Barcelona la valenta
la que se m' mostra humil devant ma vista?
^Perquè tan muda estàs? Com es que, esquiva,
tens los temples tancats y a ton pur Dèu
ni incens, ni llum consagras, ni una veu
fas sortir de ton pit ab ànsia viva ?
i Qui t' assota ab lan dur é injust dolor?
i Perquè tens sang? Perquè ni un iAy! ecshalas?
— Perquè ha perdut lo català sas galas,
y en lo llit de Borrell dorm Almansòr.—
BorAROu.
lAS DOJiZEllAS DE BAGA.
I.
Prou habia fèt lo compte
Ramon Berenguer lo quart,
volent deixaries dominis
de vils sarrahins purgat,
puig la conquestas heróicas
de vilas tant principals
— i85 —
com Tortosa, Llèyda, Fraga,.
y Ortogesa, llur afany
aumentaren cada dia.
Al bon Compte li sab mal
que s' diga de sa persona,
que no ha sabut acabar
als que ab la llèy de Dèu faltan
y profanan llurs altars,
fins que al fi, de sa esperansa
logra, actiu, irobarne 1' cap,
plantantne dintre Siurana,
últim castell mahòmeta,
las temudas barras rojas,
que per tols los llochs hòn van
dèixan la victorià escrita,
ab Uetras que sòn de sang.
Però, al niitg de sas victorias,
li queda una pena gran !
Una nau sens banderolas,
que aparque la escup la mar,
ancla en lo port de Salou
una nit y d' amagat,
pera sortir ans de dia,
com vergonyós que fa mal.
Vergonya se n' dóna 1' Compte
cuantla veu cap alia hòn va,
que la nau es catalana,
y en lo comptat català,
las naus, las pèdras, las rocas
ni un sol jorn se han humiliat,
y are la nau va a humillar«e.
— Í84 —
per mès que al Compte sap mal !
mès si la nau iguay! s' humilia,
no s' penseu pas, no, que ho fa
perquè un deslionròs delicte '-
vol de nit eczecular ;
que r intent que la mou are
de heroisme tè grant part,
puig, son delit refrenanlne,
quant valentia ha mostrat,
v.i dreta al rèy de Granada,
de nit acolxant lo cap,
pera oferirli, ab tristesa,
aquell present regalat
de cent donzellas hermòsas
que hònran de Bag;i los camps,
las que han volgut j ay ! donarse
voluntarias, en rescat
de aquí?ll que es la millor glòria
dels Pinòsos afamats;
del mès bèil y mès airòs
dels cavallers catalans ;
del que roba, ab sas miradas,
los tendres cors inflamats
de las mès castas ninetes
de Barcelona y del pla ;
del que es valent en la guerra,
y hom de consell en la pau ;
del que ab son prudent imperi
lins refrena Is' temporals,
quant, fènlnc montanyas de aigua
de las ònas de la mar.
— 485 —
y, iraitanlne la impotència
dels arcàngels rebelats,
volen, com la de Dèu eixos,
la llum del sol apagar ;
de aquell que n' es la mà dreta
del bon Berenguer lo quart,
r almirant de Catalunya,
lo mòlt noble Galceran,
que ha perdut en Almeria,
ab pena, sa llibertat,
si bè regant ab sang mora
de la Bética los prats.
II.
Mèntres tant plora Favencia,
y mèsque plora, sanglota,
que de Galceran la ausencia
Jo cor li arranca, ab vehemència,
desfet en sang gota a gola.
Plora, perquè al mès volgut
dels cavallers catalans,
mira lluny pres y vensut,
quant sos fills ja han abatut
lo poder dels africans.
Quant flota ja en Almeria
lo roig escut del Pelòs
que, ab Navarra y Senyoria
— Í8G —
de Gènova, neausilía
lo de Castella famós.
Plora, perquè dos vells ploran
de son fill lo caiitivcri,
ptiigno essent èst jaun misteri,
voldria, puig no l' ignoran,
per sas llagas un cauteri.
Mès lo que aumí^-nta sos plors,
y la tè mès afligida,
no sòn pas los vins dolors
de aquells que perden la vida
per lo fruit dels seus amors ;
Que si En Pere Galceran
yBerengnela Moncada
perden un fil!, tal vegada
per èll, al) gust, donaran
altres sa fillïi estimada.
Revenia en plors, si ! pus veu,
que cèntninas debon tall,
van à aumentar lo serrall
de un rèy malahil de Dèu,
y que alravèssan ja 1' Call ;
Que per las liortas caminan
del gloriós Sant Bertran,
y que, calladas com van,
se descubreix que adivinan
— -Í87 —
los treballs que passardn.
Jtfès, ^qní son èixas ninetas,
que, sens conèixer lo vici,
van a' un segur precipici,
que, si bè las te inqniètas,
no las trau del sacrifici?
I Qui sòn ?. . . Sòn las de Bagd
que r cautiveri, ab dolor,
veuen del sèu bon senyor,
y saben que V salvarà
aquesta proba d' amor.
Lo rèy moro de Granada,
que à Galceran tè cautiu,
entre altres presents, escriu,
que vol, puig aixis li agrada,
de cent colòmas un niu ;
Puig que essent de tant gran preu
lo cavaller que tè pres,
deslliurarlo no T pot res
tant, com cent verges de nèu,
que es lo que èll estima mès.
Los de Baga ho lian oit,
y sas fillas ofereixen,
y no hi ha pòr de que s' queixen
èllas, que guarda son pit
i guay ! la fe ab que se ennobleixen.
— <88 —
Per só las tristas ninetas,
que no coneixen lo vici,
caminan al precipici,
que si bò las lè inquictas,
no las trau del sacrifici.
III.
Llarga ha sigut la jornada :
dos dias lia que caminan,
lòtas à peu.
Tarragona Is' dóna entrada,
y ni xichs ni vells atinan
qué es lo que s' veu.
^Ahòn aneu, irislas ninetas,
per est camp acompanyadas
de tanta gent,
que apar n)ès que sòu viudetas,
segons estau traspassadas
de sentiment?
jGuay ! si sòu las que en Granada
lo rèy moro las aguarda
per son serrall,
no acabeu vostre jornada,
doneu la volta esta tarda
cap per avall !
Donéula, jo vos ho prego.
— Í89 —
que es de mès preu vostra honra
que Galceran,
y veu mòlt bè 1' que no es cego,
que allí troban la deshonra
quantas hi van!
Ja sè que la fe vos guarda,
que tòtas, una per una,
creyeu en Dèu,
y que si T martiri tarda,
que vinga, ab vèu importuna,
demanareu.
Mès i guay ! lo cor vos enganya ;
vosaltres sòu inocèntas,
filletas, sí :
tè r nostre enemich gran manya,
é infesta a las mès valèntas
ab son verí.
Que allí vergèrs vos espèran,
regats per mil fonts de plata,
del cel mirall,
y mil llums que s' reverbèran,
entre seda y escarlata,
dins bell serrall.
Allí, en lloch de las baladas
que escoltabau agronxantvos
en vostre bres,
altres, de mèa regaladas
— i90 —
VOS las cantarcín, donantvos
dulcíssim bes.
Allí en banys que sòn de marbre,
r aigua que guarda la essència
de eslranyas flors,
ahòn la rama s' veu del arbre
que enlluerna ab la influencia
de mil colors;
Ninetas |guay! se us' espera,
fèntvos vostres llits de boda
entre verge rs,
mèntres que espessa palmera
prompte a cubrir se acomoda
vostres plahèrs.
Allí en dulcíssims abrassos,'
nuas y mostrant al aire
èix pit de nòu,
del moro rèy en los brassos,
lo olvit no lardar.í gaire
de nostre Dèu.
; Guay ! no hi aneu d Granada,
que '1 rèy moro vos aguarda
per son serrall !
No acabeu vostra jornada !
Doneu la volta esta tarda
cap per avall !
— \d\ —
Mès las ninas gallardas
no escòltan tals consells,
y à Salou se encaminan
ab lo cor ple de fe,
sens que impressió las causen
los gemèchs de la gent;
cuant de repènt descobren
que vénen dos romèrs.
Las ninas los conlèmplan,
ells las mi ran també,
mès turba ts uns y altres,
llarg temps no s' diliuen res.
Perúllim, quant ells veuen
que, ab dolorós accent,
tota la gent gemega
que 1' números cortetg
forma de atiuèllas ninas
hermòsas com un cel,
lo que mès noble sembla
dels dòs vinguts romèrs,
vol descubrir la causa
de tant gran sentiment,
y enterat ab prestesa
de aquell portentós fèt,
ne arranca un sentit giscle,
y, ab conmogut accent,
diu:_-No vajau, ninetas,
a pérdrer lo joyèll
de la honra, que una nina
es lo que lè en mès preu ;
puig lo cautiu insigne,
— Í92 —
per qui tal acte heu fèt,
ab Suil, com ull inn^nanim,
y com èll presoner,
admirant vostras obras,
se postra a vostres peus. —
La gent tota tremola,
no creyònt lo que veu.
i Si seni una mentida
lo que ha dit lo romèr?
i Ah ! nó, que en Sant Esteve
creu èll singularment,
yen Sant Dionis creu l'allre
que ab èll est;iba pres;
y perquè als dits sants pregan
en la presó, ab gran fe,
de la presó los traiien,
fent per ells un portent,
y al camp de Tarragona
los trasladiïn mòlt prest,
hòn los pastors los tallan,
qucn' tenen sentiment,
los ferros y cadenas
que Is' lligan mans y peus.
Per só, are, que a las verges
han trobat, que per ells
la vida mès que T honra
volian donar prest,
al seus sants patrons pregan,
omplerts de agrahimènt,
de las puras donzellas
agenollantse als peus,
— 193 —
faènt de la sua cara
dellíííírimas dos rèclis.
IV.
Las ninas ja sòn casadas
ab los que un temps las rondaban
mès d' una nit,
que encare que èran lionradas,
r amor las alorraentaba
dintre son píi.
i Amarg degué ésser per èllas,
mòlt amarg, que no se apura
tan gran dolor,
ab amor, y essent donzellas,
pérdrer, ab sa honra pura,
son amador !
jPero dols, de gran dulsura,
disolts los núbols que apila
un temps son fat,
fòu, ab amor y liermòsura,
passar iguay ! la nit tranquila
prop son amat !
Mòlt dols, sí, perquè ab riquesa
los plahèrs de aquesta vida
van a passar ;
puig, per preu de sa puresa,
15
— Í94 —
los Pinòsos gran partida
los van donar.
Ab cent mil dòblas las dotan,
y ab vestits que sòn hermòsos,
verts y vermells ;
y Is' amants, que aixis las notan,
las firan, mòlt mès gojòsos,
brillants joy ells.
iGuay ! Sia la enhorabona,
ninas, que sòu tan hermòsas
com sòu leals ;
que r llaüt se m' desentona,
y de Galceran tres cosas
vull dir cabals.
Lo cavaller insigne,
lo intrepit Galceran,
agrahit de Sant Esteve,
que es patró de Baga,
un vot tractant cumplirne,
que, en las presons estant
de Granada la mora,
li fiu, trist y humiliat,
pregantli que 1' iraguèra
de allí, y en llibertat
lo retorn.is bèn pròmte
;isa pàtria natal,
ú Bagí se encamina,
y una hora y mitja abans
— 495 —
de que arribés al poble,
qnal iglèsia veu ja,
baixa mòlt adeprèssa,
del sèu briòs caball,
y ab tòt de sèr qui èra
senyor tant principal,
de genoliòns per terra
y sens donar un jay!
caniina fins al poble,
y de allí, fins a entrar
dins mateix de la iglèsia
ahòn Sant Esteve hi ha.
Desprès la iglèsia dota,
mostrantse liberal,
abla milat dels délmes
que sol allí cobrar;
y Suil que ab èll estaba
en las presons tancat,
per Sant Dionis que adora
ne va fèr altre tant,
dotant la sèua iglèsia,
que en son castell esta
ab las Uanas que s' trauen
d' un números remat.
Ab lo qual un y altre
van al mòn demostrant, >
que quant la fé es bèn pura
y r cor no se ha tacat,
los que al cel ab fé pregan
podran patir llargs anys,
mès no faltarà un dia.
— Í96 —
en que r cel llastimat,
en aquest mòn y l'allre
borrantlos los pecats,
torne l' infern en glòria,
y en bons tols los sèiïs inals.
Ghas.
LA MIORf DEL GMALLÈR.
(mallorquí.)
— Don Anfós de Castèll-negre
^d'ahòn vè ab son patje n'Uch?
— Vò de dar una batalla,
y la sèua host ha perdut.
Per mès qu' èll 1' encoretjava,
sa gent esglayada ha fuyt.
Torna ab la veu escanyada,
y ab son llarch montant esmús.
Son cavall blanc vernicyetja,
tòt son vestit sang escup ;
mal fat diiya a la batalla,
y els inimicbs l'han retut.
— Ja que no he mort a espasadas
veng aquí a morir d'enutx;
— 497 —
fésme estendre' la pell d'ònso,
per capsal pósey l' escut.
Cura a mon cavall las nafras,
y servit d' èll si s' que n' surt ;
mès menart' en que no l' senti,
qu' en eguitiar m' escarruf.
Tòt sol déxa m' à la tenda ;
moriré cridant Jesús,
com moren frares y donas
demuntsos llits ajeguis...
En ésser mort, pren mas armas,
dúlas a mon fill menut...
diríís a la sèua mare
que s' pos dol, mès no com muir. —
. Tòt lo vespre de defora
n' Uch, fènlli canal els uys,
va guayta' al de Castèll-negre
que, de la febre en es bull,
Croxintli sas dents de ràbia,
y s' armadura ab sos punys,
— Flastomat sia el camp, deya,
hòn quedar mor no he pogut!
Cuani per hòn veya mès massas
y els cops èran mès fexuchs,
— 498 —
hi he alsat la mèua massa
y lo mèu cavall hi he duyt;
Entre els cops que rebotavan
com rebota cl calabrux,
en va a las destrals al aire
he arrambat io'cap desnú.
No m' trobar^in las arpèllas
èDtre Is* morts a caramull :
en el camp de la batalla
no ha quedat per nií un lloc buyt.
Bèn sortals mos companyòns !
dels valents no n' roman un ;
tots han mort demunt sa sella,
y jo mesquí en el llit muir ! ' .-uf»
Dèu no ha volgut queguanyassem,
ni que morís ha volgut,
perquè visquem, d' hora en hora
lo mèu afront sobreputx. > ,SíUp
Alès, cap cavalle' ha de veure
que a tal jòu mon coll arruf ;
fret m' en dur;ín de ma lènda,
no viuré com un paruch. —
Corns y atabals tocan diana,
los cavalls donan bramuls ;
— \9d —
com en 1' auba no s' axèca
don Anfós deu sèr difunt.
Lo sèu patje entra a la tenda,
y r troba estirat y mut,
sobre 1' pit sa llarga espasa,
besant mort la creu del puny.
M. Aguiló.
DESTRUCCIÓ DE SENAQUERIB.
(traducció de byron.)
Com llops sobre V pastor vingué 1' Assiri,
é Israel tremolant al cel cridaba ;
com vel cubria al sol la polsaguèra,
y r trepitx de la gent al tró sèmblaba.
Brillan ab 1' or y púrpura sas íilas,
y com estels lo ferro de sas llansas,
cuant, de nit, sobre V lac de Galilea,
en lo mirall de 1' aigua se retrata.
All.'í, al ca'urer lo sol, ab sas bandèras,
n' es com fuUas del bosch la gent armada,
cuani r estiu de verdor vesteix los arbres,
y moul' embat joyosamènt sas ramas.
Mès, sèmblan al matí, estant sens llustre,
mústichs omplint la ensangrentada plana,
à las fullas que Is' vents d' ivern furiosos
arrancaren, pel' Uòt arrossegadas.
— 200 —
Ah ! sobre V enemich vingut habia
estenent IMngel de la mort sas alas,
sos fronts suats batent, llevant sas vidas,
ab lo cop destructor de sa bufada.
Dormían !.. Frets; pesats sos ulls torníren ;
una vegada mòs sos pils encare
bateren tots inflats..! desprès, inmoble
en sas venas la sang queda glassada.
Per terra los caballs, oberts los nassos,
sens per això ecshalar orgull ; las plantas,
com las rocas baludas per las ònas,
dels morts ab la brumèra blanquejaban.
Sens moviment, estès, fret y sens vida,
junt al caball lo caballèr n' eslaba,
de la rosada sobre '1 front lasgòlas,
de pols cubertas y de sang sas armas.
Las tèndas sens brogit, los elms per terra,
lo ferro lluny de sa trancada llansa,
sens moure' V vènl per 1' ayre las bandòras,
loclarí sens la veu que V animaba.
Trencats ab trossos mil de Baal los ídols,
las columnas dels temples arruinadas,
d' Assur las viudas iristemènt gemègan,
ab lo mantó de dol tòtas tapadas.
Y r poble d' Israel, triunfant, ne mira
lo poder dels gentils, V orgull, la ràbia,
com nèu dels monts d' Adonaí, a la vista,
fosa lòt d' un plegat sens cop d' espasa.
VlMADÉR .
— 201 —
Ja que escoltar ningú m' vol
y de guerra tothom parla,
Concellèrs, guardeu ma lira,
y en son lloch dàume una espasa.
. — De Mallorca sò vingut
en una barca dauraria,
portant per guia la lluna,
y per timó la confiansa.
Mirant a aquella, de 1' isla
lo passat temps recordaba,
cuant En Jaume d' Aragó
aumentíí 1' nom de sa casa.
jLluny fugian mos accents
mèntras mon barquer remaba!
Arribant íí Barcelona,
y al véurer sa ampla muralla
plena de gent que corria
sentí umplirme de goig l'anima,
pensant que ja no s' perdria
lo fruit del cant que cantaba.
jMès en va V so de ma lira
puja al cel del cant en alas :
ningú escoltar aquí w' vol
y de guerra tothom parla.
— Qué es lo que miro, bon Deu!
tothom corre y tothom clama ;
— 202 —
per tòt caballs y soldats
tapan lo pas al qui passa ;
menestrals armats de picas,
caballèrs que al poble i)arlan,
uns fèntse llènguas del Príncep,
altres parlant en veu baixa,
y entretant, pel' niitg del curs,
crusan ja rojas gramallas,
ja trompetèrs que estordeixen,
ó ja del Veguèr las guardas
que, cridant fort [Via fora !,
fan llum ab ensesas matas
al que la Constitució
del Prínceps diu ab veu alta.
i Per Deu que las sangs me bullan,
cuant lo so de las campanas
sento brunzir d' un plegat !
^Qué sení això? Dèu me valga !
Qui crida, rahó li sobra:
anem, donchs, hòn tothom marxa:
quordéu, Concellèrs, ma lira,
y en son lloP/i dàume una espasa.
En Bernat de Marimon,
armat de perpunt y llansa,
en lo balcó del Consell
guarda dòs bandèras santas ;
la de Santa Eulària es l'una,
la dels mercaders es V altra,
y, al mitg. En Joan Dezpl.i,
concellòr en Cap, Iii parla.
— Viva r Príncep!— diu lo poble,
— 205 —
y v<1 acostantse à la taula
lo jovent per allistarse
y marxar a la batalla.
— Jo també m' allistaré,
dic entre rai, però m' falta
saber quin es aqueix dret
que íí una tothom reclama. —
Mèntres pensaba en això,
Marimon crida en veu alta,
posant la ma sobre un llibre
que r dit concellèr aguanta.
— Sobre los sants evangelis
faig sagrament, que la causa
defensaré del bon Príncep,
que r rèy Joan desampara. — '
— Jo, en nom del Senat y 1' Poble,
per enemich de la pàtria
declaro al rèy don Joan ;
diu lo concellèr. j Alarma!
General, preneu l'ensenya
de nostra patrona santa,
y sagrament també al poble
preneu, que armat vos aguarda. —
— Ara veig, digui llavors,'
veient com tothom juraba,
perquè escoltar ningú m' vol
y de guerra tothom parla !
— No sembla cert lo que m' còntan!
Arribarà tanta infàmia...!
0 r rèy don Joan es cego,
ó no es pare del de Viana,
— 204 —
que, <i sèrho, no negaria
lo dret ú aquell que 1' reclama.
Si r Príncep no succelieix,
llavors lo successor falta
Mòs, iqué sento!... ^qné pregònan?...
jPot sòr sònnovas infainias!...
^Encara no est;i contenta
la vergonya soberana,
que al Diputats catalans
trenca la paraula dada,
envestint a Balaguer,
y apresonant sa prossapia...?
Prou!... prou ! Res mòs vull saber ;
jvia íí Balaguòr!... Alarma !
Desd' are sò ja soldat
del sagramental que s' alsa.
Aclamem per rèy al Príncep,
y caigui r caduc monarca.
;Via a fora ! Dèsde avuy,
ja r coblejadòr no canta:
guardeu, Concellèrs, ma lira,
y en son lloch dúume una espasa.
BoPAROLL.
&4 ^iw imat3^tit4,
A un tir del riu Llobregat
que al mar troba V seu repòs,
— 205 —
diu, no sè si es veritat,
hi liabia un castell famós
en un temps de llibertat.
Lo rèy don Jaume passaba
per las murallas un dia,
y dèsde allí contemplaba
1' aigua del riu com corria,
y al pescador com pescaba.
La ment delConquistadó'
grans ideas asaltaban:
volia alsar lo pendó
quels catalans empunyaban
per r honra de sa nació.
Cuant una veu mòlt potent
per complet lo distragué,
y trencant lo raig del vent,
al Conquistadó' digué
ab firmèsa y lentament.
«Rèy don Jaume, als catalans
estimas ab hidalguía;
ells de tu n' estan ufaus ;
mès vindrà un lleó cert dia
que grills posarà à sas mans.
Y la Catalunya hermòsa,
que valor sempre acredita,
conforme s' farà espayòsa,
— 206 —
sen ir.'í tornant petita
per una opressió angustiòsa.
Y mòlts segles passaríí
entre disgusts y ènlre penas;
los seus llors contemplarà
rodejats per las cadenas
que trencarlas no podrà'. »
Callíí la veu de repènt,
y r gran Rèy, ple de tristesa,
diu queliaix.i diligent
del' alt de la fortalesa,
y enlr.1 en lo sèu aposènt.
Allí devot se postr.1
devantla Verge Maria,
y ab lo cor li demana
que no vingués aíjuèll dia
que la veu profetisà.
Que Is' catalans estimats,
desprès qu' èll lo mòn deixés,
per un rèy fòsscn manats,
que Is' seus fuèros respectés
y adoradas llibertats.
I. ÜE VlUAMARTIN.
— 207 —
Li CAMBRA DEL MAL US.
Ninetas del Ampurda,
veniu a propet del foch,
fugiu de la tremontana
que brinca Is' arbres del bosch,
recullíu vostras ovellas,
portéulas à casa tost,
puig ja tremòlan de fret
y de oir la veu del llop.
Veniu, ninelas, veniu,
veniu .i propet del foch,
que us' vull contar una historia
la mès estranya del mon ;
jo us' jur que us' dara plahèr
encara que us' dònguia pòr,
puig es veritable historia
que passa en estos contorns,
mès vella que eslas alsinas,
mès trista que un feble plor,
però tan certa, íi fe mia,
com ara llampega y plou.
Veniu, ninetas, y oigííu
la historia de estos contorns.
— 208 —
II.
De cap vespre era ja ; l' sol acababa
de traspassar lo pich de Rocacòrva,
y las ninctas pessigant lo c.inem,
fèyan rajar lo fil de la filòsa,
de las nianadas de caballs y ovelias
seguint las trepitjadas polvoròsas.
Baixaba l' estorlich sobre las aiguas
del Ter, deixant anar veus inisteriòsas,
y reunits los aucèlls al cim dels arbres
esperaban cantant las negras sòmbras;
en tant que una niaynadade donzellas,
morenas com la Verge, y tan hermòsas,
entre alegres y trislas se apartaban
de San Martí lo poble, que reposa
entre turons, que de Ampurd;! en la plana
bonichs grupos limitantla fòrman.
Ninas, mòlt ninas apareixen unas,
y del gipó en la màniga no porta
cap d' èllas la sivèlla platejada
ab que se distingeixen las matrònas.
Sols una n' hi ha que, ab plors y desmayantse,
caigut lorèt, las cinlas descompostas,
camina, s' para, y senglotant ab pena
la cara s' tapa y lo desmay li torna.
Ella es la que, tan sols, porta en la mdniga
del breu gipó sivòlla blanquinosa,
ella es la que faldillas mes brodadas
y sabatas ab flochs mès gayas porta.
— 209 —
— i Ay ! lasseta de mi ! digííu, companyas,
i quina es la llèy que aquest suplici m' dona?
contristada pregunta la nineta;
iperqué m' llevau, ingratas companyònas,
dels amorosos brassos de mon Jaume,
quant que sò sa muller no bè fa un' hora?
^Es que la primer nit de maridada
deu ésser pera rai la mès paorosa ?
|Ay! perDèu, mas amigas, vos demano,
per la Mare de Dèu de Rocacòrva,
que m' tornau a ma casa y a mon Jaume,
ó morta m' trobareu demà íí la aurora. —
Axí parla, mès tòtas sas companyas
ab llagrimas li tòrnan la resposta,
y, encara que .1 plaret, llurs passos guian
al gran castell feudal, de odiosa historia.
Quant alia lluny, sense camí ni via,
saltant marges ab planta valeròsa,
seguint a la afligida comitiva,
furiós un jove y decidit se acosta.
Penja al detras sa llarga barretina,
ab r ample manta lo sèu cos embòssa,
y aprèta Is' punys, y Is' llabis se mossega,
y ara salta un turó, y ara s' enfònza,
y entre Is' cabells, que descuidats li vénen
3 sòmbrejar sa cara misteriosa,
brillan dos ulls ab infernal mirada,
que foch respiran y vènjansa bròtan.
Ja tòt plegat, devall de un òlm se atura,
y pert las forsas, y ab lo tronch s' apoya,
puig ja r pont del castell devallat èra,
— 2\0 —
y al mitg del pont, d' un caballèr la sòrabra
se avansaab nnòit orgull, y testa aguarda
la sens consol y desgraciada esposa.
Arriba aquesta ja, de las ninetas,
en brassos desmayada y com ú morta,
y r caballèr prenèntla en los seus brassos,
li dóna una mirada codiciòsa,
y ab ulls frenétichs, contenintse apenas,
deixant lo pont, dins del' castell s' enfònza.
III.
Ja Is' estels del firmament
ab sos signes caprilxòsos,
senyalaban misteriosos
mitja nit ;
y r vènl en la salzereda
ab crit funest gemègaba,
y r aucèll se despertaba
espaorit.
Del riu la freda ramòr
tant misteriosa se oía,
que r ay etern parexía
de un amant;
y r llop cridaba en la plana,
brillants sos ulls com estrellas,
y r oian las ovellas
tremolant.
li
— 2\\ —
IV.
En una cambra reduida,
lan sols d' un llit ocupada,
y a la tremolosa llum
de una llàntia que se apaga,
dos sòmbras se distingeixen,
dos sòmbras com dos estatuas:
la una n' es de un caballèr,
de una nineta n'es 1' altra,
la una mostra en sos vestits
riquesa y noblesa de armas,
y en son rèt y en sas xinelas
diu que n' es pagesa 1' altra...
La mes gran vesteix de dol,
y de festa la mès baixa,
mès tinch per mi qu' es aquesta
la que va mès endolada,
segons de genolls, pareix,
sanglotant, que dóna 1' anima.
Estirat tan alt com es,
y en la porta de la cambra,
clavar caballèr la vista
sobre la hermòsa esposada,
y fent sonà' Is' esperons
impacient, encreua ab ràbia
los brassos contra son pit,
y axí, al fi, furiós esclama :
— i Quiets tu, dèbil criatura,
que ni tems la raia sanya
• — 2J2 —
ni pensas que almèii fort pit
blanir no 1' poden las llagrimas? '
I Qué creus tu que a uion voler
pugucoposarse? T' enganyas,
criatura, si has pensat
de ton dol fèr contra mi armas.
Mia has d' ésser ans las sòmbras
de la nit no fugin. Alsat,
y a ton senyor lo que deus
li dona, hermòsa vassalla,
puig bè pots darte de grat,
quant sabs la sort que i' aguarda.
Àlsat.
—^ Perdó!
— i Alsat '.—crida
furiós, pel' bras cslirantla ;
cuant, per dctras, ma fornida
lo tira de la dalmatica,
y en lo pit del caballèr
tres voltas lo punyal clava;
mès i ay ! que V castell s' enfònza
cobert de fum y de flamas!
V.
Ja del alba vingué
la blanca llum serena,
y r sol se aparesqué
del mont en la carena.
Cantant la cogullada,
— 2Í5 —
cantant lo rossinyol,
la llum enamorada,
lo resplandòr del sol
saludaban ab festes y consol.
VI.
Digau, digau, donzellas
del plíí del Ampurda,
las de morena cara,
las de amorós esguard,
I perquè no il-luminan
del sol los primers raigs,
las murs, meriets y torres
del gran castell feudal?
^No es veritat, donzellas,
que ahir al despertar,
de roja llum banyaban
del sol los primers raigs,
las puntas de las torres
del gran cartell feudal?
i perquè dohchs no las veig
are pel' cim dels arbres aguaitar?
;Ay! qu' esla nit un sómnit
ra' ha esdevingut estrany,
com hora de agonia,
com sòmbra de un finat.
Jo he vist à mitja nit,
cuant dormen los mortals,
— 2M —
delcellomanicllnogre
d' estrellas espurnal,
descòrrer per ma estranya
com pavelló Ural,
y un nou cel aparèixer
tòtroig, tòtfoch, tòtflam.
Jo he vist d' est cel, donzellas,
rail raigs de í'och baixar,
baixar sobre la terra,
sobre r caslòll feudal...
iAy! perquè, donchs, sas torres
no veig pel' cim dels arbres aguaitar?
Vejéulo allí, donzellas
del plcl del Ampurda,
las de morena cara,
las de amorós esguard,
vejéulo, lo castell,
nostre castell feudal,
ni pedra sobre pedra
lo cel l'hi ha deixat.
Y sota sas ruinas
sota eixos murs malvats,
^trovan repòs los cossos
dels pobres desposals?
Sí, que tan sols la sòrabra
del que fòu son lira,
a mitja nit se aixeca
«iperdó per la mia daima!» & cridar.
Rlínch.
— 245 —
EN GlIIllEH DE IIIIOTCADA.
I.
Gom en Guillem de Munlcada
no n' hi ha cap sota 1' sol :
si no porta al front corona,
val imperis son bras fort ;
sempre es derrèr en fugir,
lo primer en donar cops,
y en tant estima sa honra,
que per ella ho dóna tòt.
Temps feia que per montanyas
caminaba trist y sol,
de cortesanas envejas
apartant son noble cor.
A son Compte volgué véurer,
y íí son palau, pesaròs,
se dirijí undemalí,
cregut de trobar consol.
— ;Quí sou lo bon caballèr?
li pregunta son senyor,
donantli la ma d' amich
y prendat de son bell port ;
si íí la cara I' honra sembla
mòlt honrat sereu ;qui sòu?
— Sò En Guillem, lo de Muntcada,
calumpniat per mala sort! —
Al oir tal nom lo Compte,
— 24ü —
deixa la mú del rich-hom,
y li diu : — Pus, atrevit,
pujareu fins hòn viscli jo,
de ma casa y de ma terra
sortiu ans que sia fòsch.
— Deshonrat partiré. Compte!
trist En Guillem li respon.;
y pus sens honra me n' vaig,
senyal que aquí queda ab vòs.
Gnardiíu ma honra, bon Compte,
que la vostra guardo jo !
II.
Galopant lo de Muntcada,
va per Catalunya sol,
fins que a la frontera arriba
del reyalme d' Aragó.
Sa honra deixa en derrèra
y s' mira burlat en tot!
Guant arriba prop de Fraga
sa trislòsa rcb consol,
pus creu que allí una nova honra
podrà conquistar bèn tost.
Lo ròy d' Aragó batalla
ab los sarrahins iraidòrs,
y al oir lo de Muntcada
de la pelca 1' clamor,
trayènt sa invencible espasa
corre ardit y ple de foc.
2\1 —
Finí la batalla prèst
que Is' sarraliins èran mòlts,
y entre la sang ofegat
se perdé 1' rèy d' Aragó.
Si burlat fòu una volta
En Guillem, are ho es dòs,
pus per mès que V cos arrisque
no li arriba may la mort,
y mèntres sos companys jahuen,
èll, retirantse ab uns pocs,
lè que dar a Saragossa
la noticia d' aquell dol.
III.
Passats ja alguns anys habian,
tenia Aragó rèy nou,
rèy que cambia la cogulla
per la corona ab dolor.
Lo rèy tenia una filla,
que èra hermòsa com un sol.
Lo pare tornar volia
a vestir lo sayal tòsc,
y tots sos vasalls temian
lornarse a quedar de nou
sense rèy y sense cap.
— 218 —
pus no quedaba varó
y èra h reina nineta.
Llavors, convcnintse tols,
digueren : — niès val casaria
ab algun rèy poderós.
— ;Quí serà? lòls pregunlaban ;
^quísení?— cuant, ple de goig,
s' alsíí En Guillem dcMunlcada
yesclama: — Ja l'diré jo!
Es un príncep jove y brau, ^
dels mes discrets que tè T mon,
vehí de nostra comarca,
y de son poble amador.
Lo Compte de Barcelona
pot ser bè rèy d' Aragó.
—Visqué Ramon Berenguer !
contestaren los barons ;
la Reina sia còmptesa :
lo Compte rèy y senyor!
IV.
En son trono estaba V Compte
ab lo mantell que dur sol,
portant al cap la garlanda
y en la ma lo ceptre d'or,
pera rébrer la embaxada
que li envia Aragó.
Ab sa derrèra esperansa
parlaba En Guillem llavors.
— 2Í9 —
cregut que ab tal fèt tendría
sa honra reparació.
— Gran Compte de Barcelona,
si rèy de Aragó sèr vols,
pren per esposa a sa reina,
pus ho espera I' regne tòt. —
Pasraaty fret En Guillem
queda, al veurer que ni un mòt
surt de la boca del Príncep;
y concentrant son dolor,
diu entre sí : — Tres vegades
ja ab aquesta burlat sòü
Dèu vol que ma honra s'mori...
mèsvalguèra morir joü! —
Creyènt que, íí pesar dels anys
que ja han blanquejat son front,
conegut lo habia l'Còmpte,
trist li parla així y resolt:
— No m' mireu, senyor, íí mi;
mir^u al regne que us' vol,
mirau la sort que us' espera,
y responéume, senyor!
— Ton desig conecli, bon vell,
per mès que ignore ton nom ;
diu lo Compte, sens conèixer
qui èral' embaixadòr.
ü' Aragó no vull sèr rèy,
pus, essèntho, dels menors
fóra, com tu pots compèndrer,
cuant are ènlre Is' comptes sò
pot sèr lo mès gran que s' troba,
— 220 —
lo primor compte del mòn.
— Tresvoltas, lòrna Guillem,
ab aquesta burlat sòü!
— Y perquè? 1' Compte pregunta.
— Perquè perdí mon honor,
deixanllocn vostre palau,
y buscant per Aragó
la ocasió de recobrarlo
ó en la vida, ó ab la mort,
y ni en la vida he pogut,
ni en la mort trobí consol !! —
Regonexònt lo bon Compte
al vell que plora llavors,
saltant del trono hòn esiaba,
oberts los brassos de goig,
corre .i abrassar a Guillem,
y li diu: — Césse ton dol!
Si tres voltas te ha burlat
la falsa y traidòra sort,
aquesta volta recobra
lo que t' costa tant d' esfors.
•Tu has guardat. Guillem, ma honra,
mòs la teva he guardat jo,
pus tos enemichs moriren
pagant sa calumpnia fort.
De Aragó vingué la reina,
que jo seré son espòs :
regiré ab ella sa terra,
però dirmcrèy... may! no! —
— No importa ; diu En Guillem,
veyènt sa altesa de cor ;
— 221 —
tos fills senín còmptes-rèys,
si tu dir te rèy no vols.
Vostra honra es, senyor, la oiia ;
fills lo Dèu del cel vos dò',
pus d' ells ser.in los nièus fills
lo que es En Guillem devòs.
Guant en batallas vencian
los còmptes-rèys d'Aragó,
cuantla desgracia Is' feria,
cuant venjaban un afront,
cuant gosaban en sas fèstas,
cuant èra son derrèr jorn,
sempre prop d' ells se trobaban
d' En Guillem los successors;
guanyant, los Muntcadas vius,
perdent, los Muntcadas morts.
BoFAnuu.
M^RIA, POBRE llARE!!!...
Mòlt aprop del Ter vivia
una mare tota amor ;
viuda ! que un jorn ; ay ! había
perdut la prènda del cor :
prènda cent voltas plorada,
cada hora, cada instant,
v al cel en va demanada :
— 222 —
la trista, 1' estimd tant!...
ab sa pena y amargura
de la vida en milx del mar,
creya sasortménos dura
podenlnesola plorar;
y la modesta cabanya
testimoni del passat,
y la font (jue de una canya
queia mansa en mitx del prat,
y Is' arbres que sòmbra Is' dííren
mira plena de tristor,
y las flors que junts regííren
murmurant cansòns de amor.
Prop de la porta sentada,
bressolaba ella a sòn fill,
sola esperansa deixada,
de son espòs trist espill.
Al Dòu del órfans pregaba
per èll al caurer lo sol,
y una llàgrima rodaba
per sos vestits plens de dol.
Ploraba, pobre Maria,
pobre mare, pobre cor !
yl' infant s' en adormia
contemplanlla ab ulls de amor.
Pobre mare ! Is' jorns volaban
com los núvols van pel' cel,
y eixos jorns li preparaban
esdevenir bèn cruel,
que al deixarlo lo sèu pare
— 223 —
li llegarà horrible mal,
font de plors nova à sa mare,
de dolor greu nou raudal.
Y la tardor s' acostaba
ab son alé envenenat,
y la selva s' despuUaba
al impuls de un vent glassat.
Guant trist, Senyor, deu ser per una mare
veure' morir lo fill que tan s' adora,
sens ovirar estrella salvadora
ni en mitg de fosca nit un dèbil llum.
Com per lo alarb errant y solitari,
que perdut del desert en la planura,
cava de son camell la sepultura,
mort per lo ardent alé del simoún ;
y no tè altre camí, cap esperansa
per surtir de aquell mar inmens de arena,
r única la contempla morta, oh pena!
sol deu morir y mort, qu' escrit esta.
Pobre Maria ! pobre cor de mare,
cuant y cuant ne fa 1' cel ú ton cor guerra !
un angelet quedabat' en la terra
y vas à perdrel' . . . Dèu ! per èll pietat! ! ! . . .
Vingué un jorn quel' vent enviaba
xiulant son alé glassat,
y la montanya assotaba
— 224 —
avisant la tempestat.
Los núvols pel' cel corrinn
com un fantasma infernal;
del mar las aygigs bullian
estrellantse en lo arenal,
yrecniantnc raslrèras
tornant la barra a embestir,
esciipint las calavèras
de cent mnrisclis al fugir.
Èra una nit horrorosa ;
la nòu ú flochs devallant,
daba una forma espantosa
al bosch qu' anaba abrigant.
De tant en tant enlliiernaba
de algun Ham lo rcsplandòr,
y un tro tras èU rodolaba,
omplintne lo cor de pòr.
Per r .Inima adolorida
plena de amor maternal,
eixa nit, nit malehida,
èra una nitbèn fatal.
Prop d* un llit ahòn son fill malalt dormia,
polida, trista y los sous ulls en plor,
veiUaba tòt resant, pobre Maria !
resant a Dòu, que veya son dolor.
Píílida, trista, que mòlts jorns passarà
prop de aquell llit de dol y sufrimènt,
y afanyòsals' progressos contemplarà
— 225 —
del mal que traballaba sordamènt.
Y en plors la pobre mare s' ecsalaba
en mitgde tanta pena y desconsol,
y del cor fel y sanchli regalaba,
que ab los plors barrejada qiieya al sol.
Com la dòlsa palòma abandonada,
alcomensarlo jorn, dintre son llit,
per son company, y prest acongòixada
tornar lo veu traidoramènt ferit;
y dintre 1' niu que abans la festejaba
recull, la trista, son derrèr sospir ;
també V fillet que alií son front bèsaba
en sos brassos Maria 1' veu morir.
Pobre fill! pobre noy de hermòsa cara,
blanca com los Uansols de son llitet !
gelosa de ta mare, sort avara
ha volgut de tu fèrne un angelet.
Comuna flor que arrebassà la rella
cuant comensaba 1' calis verge a' obrir,
cuantcomensaba a sèrla mara vella
del prat, enviantli 1' aire arcjènt suspir;
com aucòUet que lluny de qui 1' adora
comensa a divagar ab llibertat,
y r atravèssa fletxa voladora
ensangrenlant cruel lo pit nevat ;
axí r infant que mira èUa afligida,
tendra floreta d' esplendent color,
cuantcomensaba a ríurerlila vida
trencada fòu à mans del llaurador.
Pobre mare ! cuant trist èra
15
— 226 —
asislir íí eixa agonia,
y per la volta poslrèra
contarnelos sospirs de son fillet.
Y saberlio, y gota à gota
apurarlofel del calzer,
veure' on fi sa ditxa tota
evaporarse allí pochà poquet;
sens trobar, oh sort contraria !
cap remey aquí en la terra,
y sabent que sa pregaria
no habia de pujar, no, fins ^ Dèu ;
que marcada èra la hora
de sa vida en lo relloije,
y al acostarse 1' aurora
r cridard la mort ab ronca veu.
<Jo donaré, murmuraba,
mos cabells, tòtas mas galas,
la cabanya que m' quedaba,
mos bons, en fi, Senyor, per mon infant;
jo faré penitent vida,
fins per ^11 daré la mòva...
Preneu de ma sanch sens mida,
y moriré cantant vostre nom sant!»
Mès ay ! la pobre mare en va ploraba,
en va desviar volia V cop fatal,
que mentre ella pregaba, ressonaba
de una campana, lluny, toch funeral.
Y en tant del fill 1' animela
del fanch impur s' apariaba.
— 227 —
y Maria s' desgnrraba
ab sas unglas lo blanch pit,
y à voltas amòròseta
ab dòlsos noms lo cridaba,
desprès se desesperaba
revolcantse per son llit :
ella veya quel' fill se li moria
y la trista qiié fèr, ay ! no sabia ! ! ,
De cop la pobre mare que, plorosa,
seguia aqueix terrible agonisar,
li veu obrir los ulls, y carinyòsa
mirada dins los seus se va d estrellar.
Y com llàntia de un temple, al acabarse
lòt entorn de sa vida lo licor,
va morint pocli a pocli, y ans de apagarse
ne llansa un sol instant viu resplandòr ;
un moment fins à Dèu son cor elòva,
y allargant a sa mare sos brassets,
à Dèu ! li diu, ;í Dèu mareta meva !...
y puja al cel portat pe'ls' angelets.
Un ay ! mès verdadèr que veritat mateixa
llansa, pobre Maria, rònch de dintre son pit,
y resumint en èll sas penas y sa queixa,
caigué, besant son fill, com morta sobre l' llit.
Plora, pobre mare, plora,
r animeta que al cel vola ;
plora, quel' plorar consola
— 228 —
y mès llibre s' fa V respir.
Ay! es tart ; al cor sensible
revenlat 1' ha pena tanta,
y ab un riure' que m' espanta
y ab ulls sechs mira ú son fill.
Ni un singlot, ni una pregaria
de sa boca s' escapaba
Boja la pobreta estaba !
boja, oh Dèu ! boja de amor !!
Y sortint de la caseta,
solta al vònt la cabellera,
Víí per bosch y la pradèra
demanantlo à crits per tòt.
Fa dos anys que la trobaren
morta sobre de una llosa,
y dessota avuy reposa
ab son fill y son espòs.
Caminant, prop d' ella aturat ;
com jo, dígas ; pobre mare !...
prega .1 Dèu per ells si òts pare,
y una llàgrima Is' hi dòn'.
QUIÜTANA.
— 229 —
SA G(»iTESSf^ HE f lüliRIC'
(mallorquí.)
Recòlsada a sa finestra,
que dóna enfront des camí,
lòta sola guaita y plora
sa Còntessa de V^Uric.
Bè tè que plorar cuant pensa
qu' encesa guerra civil
de dol vesteix sas persònas,
y de sang rega s' pais.
Cada dia hi ha batallas,
hi ha incendis cada nit,
y es Conte es home que sempre
cerca es lloc de mès perill.
Però encara major pena
esta covant dins son pit:
un mès fa que ni noticias
ha rebudas des seu fill.
Y èras' únich que tenia!
r estimaba ab un etcis,
que cent anys de purgatori
per èll haguera siifrit.
Un dia sabé son pare
que, à pesar de s' odi antich,
festetjaba sa jermana
d' un cap de s' altre partit ;
y ple de ràbia paraulas
— 230 —
mòlt amargas li va dir,
l'enjcg.i des son castell
fins y tòt lo iiialehí.
Sa Cònlessa en va ploraba,
èll en va s' mostra sumis:
de brònzo èra s' cor del Conte,
de brònzo èra y no cedí.
Es fill abrassii sa mare,
desesperat va partir:
DÍngú d' èll n' ba duitas novas,
ningú diu que i haja vist.
Mènlres fnntque sa Còntessa
llamenta succés tan trist,
de sas tròpas victoriòsas
sent sa bulla y es trapitj.
Es ulls plorosos s' axuga,
que ha de rebrer son marit,
y, niès que essèrho, temia
mostrarli qu' èra infelis.
Guant tots dòs plegats estaban,
y èll anaba a referir
sa batalla que ha guanyada,
entra un page que li diu:
— Senyor Conte qu' hem' defèr
des presoners que tenim ?
— Cap de Dèu ! quina pregunta !
Sabeu cuants sòn? — Trenta cinch.
— Cercííu trenta cinch ansinas,
cercííulas rans des camí,
an.lu all.1 hòn venen cordas
y compréune trenta cinch. —
— 254 —
Y mèntras tant qu' axó deya
tira en terra uns cuanls florins;
no s' es page qui Is' aplega,
qui Is' aplega s' es botxí.
SaCòntessatremolaba,
y girantse mòlt humil
digué: — Perdon.iulos, Conte,
per araòr des nostro fill.
—Sabeu senyora qu' a Judas
no r perdona Jesucrist?
Sa sort de Judas espera
íí tots los meus inimichs. —
Des cap d' unas cuantas horas,
y un poch entrada sa nit,
ab so Conte y sa Còntessa
sopaban es seus araichs.
Un dèlls estòrat esclama :
— Gust de sang deixa aquest vi ! —
Es altres d' aisó s' espantan;
es Conte d' això s' en riu.
'Pero axuxí veu qu' un jove
sen' entra sènsa permis,
daves sa taula s' acosta,
y seny as li fa ab so dit.
Ab sa cara lòta blava,
escabeyat, mal vestit,
no crech que 1' pogués conèixer
ni sa mare que I' parí.
Callaba com una estàtua,
ab sa ma duya un vencis,
y per tòt escoli mostraba
— 232 —
senyals de que ja ha servit.
Devanlaíiiiòlla figura
ja tothom s' cstremordí:
ningú tastar res gosava,
ningú tenia apetit.
Esglayada sa Còntessa
tòl d' una perdé s' sentits,
y tremolant també es Conte
crida: — Qué cercas aquí? —
— Que m' compreu aquest dogal,
que ja mès no V necessil,
y en tendreu si altra vegada
fèis penjar un altre fill.
T. ACDILÓ.
(MALLOnODl.)
Hi había un gran senyor
qu' habitaba es sòu castell,
y a la vila, no lluny d' èll,
hi vivia un llaurador.
Una filla aquest tenia
blanca y rossa, jòva y bòUa :
es senyor perdut per ella
s' abrassaba nity dia;
pues per lòt aquell contorn
— 255 —
no se troba cap fadrina
que tenga cara mès fina,
ni qu' ab mes graci s' adorn.
Cada volta que èll los veya,
son amor li pònderaba,
y ella lòt d' una s' tòrnaba
com la grana de vermeya.
Y si li diu que 1' adora
y daves ella s' acosta,
no reb may altra resposta :
— Vòs sòu Conte y jo pastora.
— Pues per tu pasto m' faré ;
de grandesa ja estich fart.
— Ay Conte, qu' heu' vengut tàrl:
un altre es meu cor ja lè. —
Es Conte fora de sí
s' amaga dins un torrent,
y cuant ja no passa gent
se planta s* mitg des camí.
Poch despuès veu comparèixer
un jove que s' en venia:
èra os jove qu' èll volia :
es rencor V hi fèu conèixer.
— Mira, li diu, tu m' fas nosa ;
ó tu m' matas ó jo t' mat' :
un des dòs d' aquest combat
en jeura devall sa llosa. —
Y s' espasa li ofereix
qu' èll no vol de cap manera,
però es Conte s' desespera
y ab sa daga I* envesteix.
— 234 —
Es combat acaba prònle;
aquell jove don.1 un crit,
perquè s' tèin que dins es pit
li afica sa daga es Conte.
Y antes de caure' n' es fang,
sa sang que li ratja em|)ara,
y an es Conte per sa cara
lira un glop d' aquella sang.
Es Conte la se fa neta
en sas aygòs d' es torrent,
y an es mort lo du rebèni
a enterrar dins una plèta.
Tres ó cuatre nits despuès
s' en entra a ca sa pastora,
que s' seu estimat anyòra,
y res sap d' aquell succés.
Y com la veu tota sola,
y com la veu tan liennòsa,
y com la veu dcsdenyòsa,
s' enardeix, é s' cega é s' vola.
L' agafa per sa ma blanca,
dins un cuarto la se n' dú,
y, ab cor tan ardent com du',
sa porta des cuarto tanca.
— Estimat mèu, ajudem ! —
sa pobre pastora crida;
y cau, tot d' una, 'smòrtida,
y de cuant passa no s' tèm.
No s* tèm qu' un fantasma blanch
s' en entra y as Conte mira,
y ab ma tota d' os li lira
—• 255 —
per sa cara un glop de sang.
No s' tèm que, 'storat y fret,
es Cònle fuig al moment,
y corre an aquell torrent
com un cèro mort de sed.
Però n' va s' renta sa cara,
en va fònch es seu trebay;
londeraa dins un miray
tacada la s'veu encara.
Dins un cuarto se tanc;í,
y, A las fòscas y tòt sol,
ni una finestra obrir vol,
ni un des pa'ges deixa entra.
Y cuant es ja bè de nit,
an es torrent s' en devalla,
y s' renta, y s* renta, y calla,
y s' en torna an es sèu llit,
Y cuant ja qu' es auba creu,
sols obri una retxillèra,
devant un miray espera
y sa sang encara veu.
Y axó passa cada dia,
y tots diuen que s' amor
ha causat an es senyor
una 'stranya malaltia.
Y de set anys per espay
cada nit sacarà s' renta,
y cada auba li presenta
aquella taca s* miray.
T. AcniLd.
— 256 —
LA PA8TORA AIIIPURDAIVESA.
UNA HISTORIA d' AMÒR.
Com flor que viu ignorada ,
y creix entre mitg d' espinas,
y sas galas purpurinas
solament fereix lo sol ;
Daldeta la ampurdanesa
vejetaba ab sas ovellas,
y sols reya ab lo bel de èllas
y dels aucèlls ab lo vol.
Sota de un arbre sentada,
blanca filòsa en la esquerra,
mirant las òmbras que en terra
dibuxa r ramatge espès ;
sas ovellas pasturaba,
que ajugassadas corrian
per los prats que se extenian
baix lo cel ampurdanés.
De sa infansia en sos anys tendres,
abriga passió senzilla:
est amor y amor de filla
de aquest fals mòn conegué.
Y r liòrba flecsible y verda,
la veu d' aigua bullidòra,
las flors, lo cel y 1' aurora
l'amòr i Dòu li encengué.
Si entre penyas esquerdadas
bramaba l' tró en tarde obscura,
— 257 —
y del cel en la negrura
de foc brillaba un serpent;
sos blanclis genolls en la terra
posaba, y la lluminària
guiaba pura sa plegaria
fins al Dèu Omnipotent.
Guant lo riu de lluny sa cai^a
veya, ó son trepitg sentia,
aigua neta prevenia,
" deixant en terra lo fanch;
en blanch marbre transformaba
son peu y sa pantorrilla,
y sa nineta que brilla
se enmiraliaba en 1' estany.
Al passar, 1' herba s' doblega
baix lo pes de sa espardenya,
que, ab vermella veta, ensenya
Daldeta lligada al peu.
Mès prest tornaba a atxecarse,
que lleuger lo peu tenia,
y dols com lo vent sentia
I' herba lo trepitjar sèu.
Sas ovellas la estimaban
com una mare ó germana :
de los seus llavis de grana
prenian tòlaslo pa.
Y per èllas mès dòlsa èra
la fulla ab sa ma arrencada,
que r herba fresca y plantada
que mòurer un ventet fa.
Una gosseta axerida.
— 238 —
pigallada, pelitela,
ab cua cargoladeta,
èra per gust son mastí ;
perquè iio V necessilaba,
puig ab sa mirada sola,
si la ovella no tremola,
torna al menosal camí.
Tots los matins, de sa casa
cuant doraba las finèstras
dels Pirineus en las crestas
la enlluernadora rojòr,
ab sa blanca caputxela,
ab sa íilòsa camina,
y ^ la font v.i liòn se pentina
sas ircnetas de fils d* or.
Y cuant lo sol ja fujia
donant lloc a las estrellas,
s'en tornaba ab sas ovellas
cap d la casa pairal.
De sa mareta en la falda
a vegadas s' adormia,
y èUa gustosa servia
d sa filla de capsal.
Una nit, nit d' estiu en que la lluna
passejaba sas galas per lo espay,
y com captius monarcas las estrellas
victoriosa ong.inx.-í en carro triunfal ;
en que entera brillaba la sua cara
sens aparèixer núbols pel' devant,
que son untat papé ab sa transparència
— 259 —
deixa véurer confús lo llum detras ;
en que las casas y arbres estiradas
y negras feya veurer en lo pla ;
Daldeta, la sua mare y altres donas
assentadas niiranlla en un terrat,
contaban terroríficas rondallas
de bruxas, de fantasinas y gegants;
y paraba sos cantichs la granota,
y son rich ! rich ! lo grill de tant en tant,
per escoltar los cuentos de las vèllas
ab que niès espantosa la nit fan.
Assustada Daldeta, de sa mare
en cadira mès baixa al dret costat,
pensant ab sa cabanya y sas ovellas
sobre sos dos genolls s' endormisca'.
A un petit moviment de sa mareta
involuntàriament alsa lo cap,
y a una vella, ab un rét que las arrugas
tapaba de son front la mejòr part,
de una antiga rondalla que narraba
èixas solas paraulas escoltà :
a Escribia tranquil dins de sa estancia,
cuant sentí obrir la porta ;
y s' queda en lo llindar ab arrogància
la sòmbra de la morta.
— ;Qué vols, digué llavors, embolicada
persona que aquí l' ficas?
Encara que ma llansaestà penjada,
mon bras val per cent picas. —
— 240 —
Lo espectre donjí un pas ; al Compte nòmbra;
son abrich desembossa;
y en la porta divisa en Uocli d* una ombra,
calavera espantosa.
Veu al través dels ossos en la esquena
lo sòu mantell que oneja,
tan negra com la sang que en cada vena
del Compte serpenteja.
Cada punt que s' belluga la fantasma
cruix tota sa ossamènta.
Èix so trencat al Compte valònt pasma;
la sang li glassa ardènla.
ÈUa ú passos contats envers la taula
va arrossegant la roba :
vol èll parla' y li falta la paraula
cuant ja al costat la troba.
Com mosca que, agafada en la trenyina,
fugir de allí procura,
yburlantsen la aranya ú ella camina
ab pausa, y la assegura ;
axis lo Compte, en va, de la cadira
vol axecarse prompte ;
mès lo espectre ab encesos ulls lo mira,
y agafa la nuí al Compte.
— Tu, de la esposa, que en la tòraba obscura
descansaba olvidada,
has ofès. Compte, diu, la part mès pura,
d' ella mès apreciada ;
tu, tu, entremitj de impúdicas hermòsas,
que en ton amor cregueren.
■^ 24Í —
y en sos brassos las ans guardadas rosas
de lluTs \irluts perderen ;
de la que agenollat, un dia, jurares
i sas plantas amaria,
sa memòria y sa tomba profana'res
fent gala de ja odiaria ;
y ta llengua infernal insulta sa honra,
y en tos moments lascius,
la.cridabas vingués ab sa deshonra
un instant entre Is' vius,
per ab ta espasa miijpartir sa sòmbra,
y no deixar res de ella ;
aquí la tens, y aquí ta esposa t' nòmbra.»
Y alsada en sas canèllas,
«^Tremòlas? li digué, i Perquè tas galtas
are s' descoloriren?
^Perquè à buscar la llansa y darts no saltas
que tants cents ne feriren ?»
Daldeta de sí paoruca
no volgué raès escoltar,
y se lapd las orellas
ab lo raspòs devantal
de sa mare, y esparoguida
queda tapada del cap.
Seguia r cuènto la vella,
la noya no n' fèya cas,
y per distraurers' volia
ab sas ovellas pensar,
però sempre la fantasma
ic
— 242 —
se li posaba devant.
Si cantaba endormiscada
per altre cosa somniar,
sos cants delicats paraba
la fantasma .1 son devant.
Si aplicaba la ma als ulls
esforsantse en no mirar,
entre las clètxas dels dits
veya 1' fantasma devaol.
Si la falda comensaba
de sa mare a mossegar,
revolcantse estemordida,
veya 1' fantasma devant.
Volia ríurer divertida
fins sos llavis esqueixar,
però en mitg de sas riallelas,
veya V fantasma devant.
De una capella vehina
lo so d' animas baix.i
y abandonaren las vèllas
lo clar de lluna y terrat, n
A sa estancia la Daldeta
ab sa mare se encamina,
mès distreta ella no atina
lo que esta sa filla inquieta.
Sempre mirant en detras,
sa sòmbra llarga la espanta ;
y sols apunta la planta
cuant donar intenta un pas.
— 245 —
Se despedeixen las dòs,;
deixa en son cuarto la filla ;
mès ella de la faldilla
li estiraba encara un tros.
— Qué fas ? sa mare digué.
Sembla que tens pó' eixa »it?—
— i Si dormir en vostre llit
me permeièsseu ! — Perquè ? —
— No sè, mare, lo que ra' pasa;
la rondalla tal espant
me ha donat, que veig devant
la fantasma, y que m' abrassa.
— Fantasmas? noi' fassan pó' ;
no penses may veure' n' una:
ja que fa bon clar de lluna,
deixo obert ton finestró;
perquè si en la obscuritat
llumenetas descubrias,
certa estich que cridarias
com si t' liaguès agafat.
Dòrno, puig, tranquila, Daldeta.-
Donanllila bona nit,
dèixíí à sa filla en lo llit
y ella ajusta la porteta.
Mès Daldeta no dormia,
perquè li trencaba T son
de la sua infància pura
un sensible y trist recort.
Llavors recordaba a Artur,
aquell noy de cabell ríxs.
— 244 —
ab qui del pit de sa marc
se partia Is' dòlsos glops.
Llavors vingué a sa memòria
la trista conversació
que tingueren ab Artur
sota de un arbre frondós,
ans de partir de sa dida,
que ab la llet li dóna 1' cor.
Llavors sentí las paraulas
que lo fraternal amor
que unia las dòs criaturas
dicta a la boca del noy :
— ADèu, Daldeta : me dihuen
que dòs germanas tinch jo,
mès encara que no ho sias
te estimo mès que a las dos.
A Dèu : quant vajes pe' Is' camps
guardant ovellas ó bous,
pensa que may l' abandono,
pensa que també allí sò.
Jo cada any diré a ma^mare
que m* dòxe veni' a aquest Uoch,
y si un any en venir tardo
conta que ja seré mort.
Y si ja mès no puch veurel*,
Daldeta meva, en est mòn,
prega à Dèu que m' vulla al cel
hòn tu hi tens un segur lloch. —
Vuit anys Artur hi ana,
vuit anys pel' juny calorós,
per visitar las suredas
— 245 —
y los róurers y las fonts,
sent en est lèmps ab Daldeta
deia casa los pastors.
A la vila s' en tornaba
cada isliu colrat del sol,
flach l'as úllimas vegadas,
que enneuleix sempre lo amor.
Al fi conegué sa mare
que si al juny tardaba V noy,
DO èra per véurer la dida,
ni per rébrer sos patòns,
pus tenint los seus i podria
buscar un llavi mès dols ?
i Ay ! tenia catorze anys,
y comensaba una flor
.1 obrir allíí en las montanyas
de una ponsèlla Is' colors,
y aquell amor de germans
se convertí en altre amor.
; Per la Daldeta tardaba
també à eixir del juny lo sol !
Però un estiu ; quin estiu
fòu per ella tan penós !
De sos camps ja los esplèts
tira à terra 1' dallador,
y no vingué T sèu Artur ;
passa r juny ; passa l' juriol ;
y lo agost, y lo setembre
multiplicaren sos plors;
y pass.1 un any; no vingué
Artur; ne passaren dòs;
— 246 —
y tres; y cualre, y cinch anys.J
Daldela jal' creya mort.
Aquella nit capficada
ab la espantosa visió,
pregaba pel' pobre Artur
que imagioaba en un ciot;
mès tement que, cual fantasma
abrigada ab un Uensol,
com la dona de aquell compte,
sortis en lo quarto fosch,
(encara que 1' estimaba,
li espantaba tal visió,)
tapantse bè ab la robeta
en lo llit arronsa V cos.
S' adorm al fi, però V somni,
ni dormint li dòn' repòs.
Guant se retirà sa mare
deix-l obert lo finestró;
la finestra èra corcada,
de vidre n' hi havin un tros.
Èra una nit del estiu,
y com enèllasUur vol
prenen las ratas penadas
que fugen de la claror,
unadeèllas, qual sageta,
pel' forat del finestró
penetrd de la pastora
en lo retiradetUoch.
Daldeta .i Artur somniaba
que li apareixia mort,
recordantli la promesa
— 247 —
que U jurà en sa edat d' or.
Lo animalet per lo cuarto
donaba diferents vols;
y com treya la Daldeta
de èntremitj de son Uensol
una galta lan rojeta
com de la llar lo tió;
en una de sas voladas
ab r ala li don.i un colp.
que fou del somni de ArtoT
per ella V trist epiloch.
Se desperta espavorida;
mes tot li semblaban morts,
tot fantasmas, calavèras,
lòt espanlòsas visions.
Volgué cridar, mès sa llengua
li queda lligada al coll.
En va se atxèca del llit ;
en va pica ab lo puny clos
la paret de son capsal,
perquè sa mare allí dorm.
Però, ròncaba la vella,
sent tants sos bufets y rònchs,
que de sa espantada filla
ofegaban los forts col ps.
Desvetllada, mitja nit
passa sens arrancà'l' son.
Encara algú nas estrellas
ab llur petita claror
estaban aguardant V alba
que es precursora del jòm,
— 248 —
que èUa, saltant de son catre,
com si r abrich donas pòr,
en un moment se vestí
y en la finestra pren llocli.
Allí lo vent, que portaba
dels camps las graias olors,
la frescor de la rosada
y los trins dels rossinyols,
toca dòlsamènt sa cara,
fins que apareguéren grochs
los alts cims del Pirineu
ab la vinguda del sol.
Prengué llavors sa filòsa,
y ab sas ovellas pel' mont
se passeja, fins mirar
r ombra que fèya son cos
cuant de sa casa pania,
en contrarki direcció.
Mès Daldeta l' jorn passa
sempre ab son Arlur pensant;
y si en la nit lo somnia,
també 1' miraba devant
mentre l' remat pastura.
Besaba 1' arbre frondós
que ab sos rams la sotapluja,
y que, en dia tempestuós,
espanlats irovantse Is' dòs,
los resguarda d' una pluja.
Ella besaba Is' rosers
que clavaren llurs espinas
— 249 —
de Artur en las mans tan finas,
cuant prenia dels talls verts
llurs rosetas purpurinas.
Ploraba sobre l' turó
per hòn agafats lliscaren ;
pel' prat hòn se passejaren,
y Is' paratjes hòn la fló',
de llurs tendres anys passaren.
L' aigua de la font que un dia
sa boca seca muUaba»
y sa gran set apagaba
si r vaset Artur omplia
sota del raig qíie manaba;
Ja lo calor que en sa galta
li doní d' Artur lo amor,
y que de vermell esmalta
de son cutis la finor,
no apaga ab lo doll que salta.
i Oh ! èra llavors tan hermòsa
ab lo color de sa cara,-
que si una fulla de rosa
en sus galtetas posarà,
prest fugiria gelosa !
Però era tart. L' horissònt
estaba ja colorat;
lo sol tapat per un mont,
y ella s' veya casi en front
de sa casa ab son remat.
Y saltabanlas ovellas
los marges, rocas y rèchs,
— 230 —
perquè deliraban èllas
de llurs fillcls los gemèchs
apagar ab llurs mamèllas.
A la porta del corral
véyense Is' anyells reunits,
blanchs com la nèu y axerits,
ansiant s' obris lo portal,
sols per.amorrarse als pits.
Belaban allí detras ;
y las niares contestaban,
y 4 la porta se agrupaban,
y unas sobre altres saltaban
pensantse no tenir pas.
Y cuant lo retxat obriren,
s' hi fic.íren tòt plegat,
y als anyellets repartiren
ab la Uèt lo que cullíren
de las hèrbas que lè V prat.
Mès, en tanta confusió
ells erraban llurs marelas,
xuclaban lo dols mugró,
y encara que R)s mès bo,
buscaban llurs tnamMletas.
Detenirlas no podia
may ab sos crits la pastora,
y mès tari sempre venia,
perquè sols de lluny seguia
lo remat que pe'ls' fills plora.
Sola per un camí estret,
ab sa blanqueta filòsa,
anaba Daldeta hermòsa,
— 251 —
pensant ab lo ròs noyet,
cuant sent una veu melosa.
Ella la veu conexia;
•se gira en aquell moment;
mès i cuant sorpresa estaria,
cuant a Artur veu que venia
tras d' ella alegre corrent !
Sèr sa fantasma imagina,
■ que, deia tomba hòn jau,
per martirisar la nina
fugi, y clavant se complau
en son cor una altra espina.
Èll li corria al detras :
— Daldeta?— deyaab grans crits;
però ella perdé Is' sentits;
saltaba margens de un pas,
sens mirar si èran petits.
Atravessaba Is' barranchs;
dintre dels rèchs se tiraba;
lo delit ja li faltaba,
y glassàntseli las sanchs,
de caminar la privaba.
Caigué estirada llavors :
del noy la vista la esglaya,
que mirant estès son dors
sobre un puèsto ple de flors,
corre, pensant que s' desmaya.
Mès, vegènt que s' dirigeix
Artur volant cap à ella,
ab sas mans sa cara bella
oculta s' y lant pateix,
— 252 —
tant la visió la atropella,
Que las gotas de snòr
per sa cara se li escampan ;
reina en son cor la fredor,
y es tan intensa la pòr,
que tols sos membres se enrampan.
Al miraria en tal estat,
Artur plora per la nina,
y i una fonteta vehina
và .i buscar, desesperat,
aigua fresca y cristallina.
La tira al front cuidadòs;
la aguanta be entre sos brassos;
y sentint que s' mou son cos,
ab sos patòns y abrassos,
vida li dóna amorós.
Guant de son desmay tornd,
— ^Encara estàs, digué, aquí? —
jFuig, fantasma, fuig de mi! —
Y r galant li contesta:
— ^A Artur li respons axí?
No sò, Daldeta, fantasma ;
sò Artur ú qui altres vegadas
li donabas abrassadas....
jY are sa vista ; ay ! te pasraa !
^No sòn de amor mas miradas? —
— lY ets encara V mateix tu?
Dígasme ^ Artur no es mort? —
— i Oh, cuant fatal la mia sort!
i Guant vinch a veure' t*, algú
ja t' ha robat lo tòu cor! —
— 255 —
ÈUa r regoneix llavors,
yals oberts brassos se llansa
de Artur, que, ab dòlsos plors,
veu renaixer sos amors,
veu renaixer sa esperansa.
— No m' culpes, no, Daldeta, si lardaba,
li diu Artur, ab amorosa veu :
no dq' culpes, no, si 1' cor que t' adorava
tant de temps estigué lluny del cor lèu.
No m' culpes, no, si dès que de ma dida,
de son costat T últim estiu parlí,
he passat tristament cinch anys de vida,
y en veure' t' j ay! cinch anys, cinch anys tardí.
jCuant he patit, Daldeta, de tos brassos
sens poderhi tornar tan allunyat !
jCuant he patit! ma mare ab sos abrassos
may ha pogut curar mon cor llagat.
jCuant he patit! en va ma germaneta
ab son amor buscaba m' un consol :
sols donarme 1' podia la Daldeta,
y faltantmc, m' faltaba 1' mateix sol.
Si tu d' amor, Daldeta, una guspira,
com jo per tu, una flama has alentat;
si tu, ab amor, à Artur, que are t' mira
ausènt una. vegada r has mirat ;
si tu, ab amor, recreabas sa memòria,
com èll de tu guardaba amants recorts,
menyspreant d' aquest mòn la vana glòria,
perquè en èll no hi trobaba tos amors;
Sabs qué es patir ausènt del que s' adora;
— 234 —
sabs qiié es patir del aymadòr ausènl;
sabs qué es patir, com jo, de la ayinadòra
recuUir sas miradas no poguent.
Sabs qué es patir, sens rébrer la alenada
de qui lo nostre cor tè dintre I' sèu ;
sens axugar lo plani de la estimada,
sens escoltar armónica sa veu.
Dòs que i)artí, Daldeta, en un col•legi
fins are m' han tingut tancat cinch anys;
dès que partí no volen que jo t' vegi:
lenirme lluny de tu sòn llurs afanys;
dès que partí, del mòn en lo desvari
busquí si n' trovaria una com tu ;
llurs amors ni' oferian al entrarhi,
mes, agradables com lo tèu ningú.
Mès, ja mon cor volgué róinprer la valia,
que tant temps I' lia tingut apresònat;
mès, ja mon cor, que las passions acalla,
son amor no ha volgut veure' acallal.
Y aquí mon cor .-í repetirte torna,
que per tu sòn encara sos suspirs,
y ab la puresa que tos ulls adorna
desitja una vegada que lo mirs'. —
— i Ah, mon Artur, responli la Daldeta:
pren naon cor, pren ma vida, prénme à mi !
i Ah, mon Artur, tancada en ceida estreta,
veyèntle mort, passar mos anys pensí !
jAh, mon Artur, jo t' am'!— Puig d ma dida,
respon Artur, anem : vull-la abrassa';
y si al que dona llt: «oi donar vida, ;
per esposa sa filla donari. —
CUTKT.
— 255 —
(mallorqoí.)
— Ahònt t'en vas gelat de fret
per ffiuntanyas y barranchs?
ahònt t'en vas, si tè l'hivern
s'alé de vida gelad ?
Vés a la vila: jo t' trob
de fatig s' alé trencad,
y sa roba ab que t' vesteixas
d' aquet fret no t' pot guardar.
Sens color sas tèuas galtas,
tu tremòlas, ahònt t' en vas?
A sa garriga esmortit
ningú t' podria aixecar.
De fruit y fuyas ets abres
hey trobaràs despuyats,
y de s' oratge à redós
no t' podràs en lloch posar.
Y si tens sed, sols sas aigòs
calant de sa nèu beuràs ;
que gelan es moll d' ets ossos,
sa sed en lloch d' apagar.
Torna, infant, torna enderèra
que íí sa garriga t' perdràs ;
baixa a la vila, créume
vína ab mi, t' pendré sa mà.
— Mòlta mercè, bon Senyor,
— 256 —
per lasèua voliinlad;
mòs íi la vila no y pucií
no y puch encara lòrnar.
Jo n' vènch ara y hey tenia
mòlt mès fret qu' aquí no n' fa :
alld y tènch mare malalta
qu' ha dòs dias no ha menjat,
alia y tènch germans petits
que no poren caminar;
tremolant are Is' he deix
d' es fret que dóna sa fam.
Jo he rodat lòla la vila,
tothom m* ha dit : Deu t'ampar!
No' y trob llenya per fèr foch,
ni tampoch res que menjar
Oh! a la vila fa mès fret
mòlt mes fret qu' aquí non' fa.
En es bosch he vist coloms,
coloms sauvatges volar:
mòltas vegadas p'es abres
per cassar nius m'he enfilad :
jo veuré si algun n'y trob
6 un colom si hey va a posar.
Heyh;í llenya ;í sa garriga,
hey hà brancas y bordays
qu' ha esbaltit lo sec oratge,
y en feré un feix per cremar.
Foch y menjíí' així duré,
duré a ma mare y germans...
are a la vila ab mans buidas
hey hauria de lòrnar.
— 257 —
— Bon allot, y a sa garriga
com tòtsol arribaràs?
si esmorlit ja estàs de fret
y tens es peus miix gelats?
— Dins d' es pit jo sent encare
un focií qu' escaufa ma sancb,
sent una veu dins mon cor
qui puja é m' diu, all.i dalt.
— Benehít sias, atlot,
per ta mare y tos germans !
AUKK.
LA NOTA FUGITIVA.
ROMANS ESCRIT EN DIALECTE MILANÈS
TOMÀS GROSSI.
TRADUCCIÓ, QUE FOU DEDICADA AL AUTOR.
I.
^Perquè los plors, perquè m' vol amagar?
i ay mareta ! ja ho sè, moriré així :
per Dèu del cel qu' a tots ha de salvar
no se me n' vayge, no, quedes aquí.
No m' vulguia en tal moment abandonar ;
si vol plorar, millor, plorarà ab mi ;
plori, sí, no hi fa res, aixis veuré
que vostè es mare sempre, y que m' vol bè.
17
— 258 —
II.
Prou concch j ay de mi ! mare estimada,
la pietat del sèu cor, sa bondat pura,
sè qu' es mare, y que dech sèr perdonada
puig sempre de voslé sòm criatura.
Séntes aquí, y la gràcia demanada
a la mare de Dèu de la Amar^^ura,
no me la nèguia, no, en I' últim dia:
sols un pató demano en 1' agonia.
III.
Me record que cuaD era jo ooyeia ^
{ i oh lènips afortunat, com èls fugit ! )
fòncli la nina del ull de la marela,
sempre anaba agafada al sèu vestit :
ella hauria donat per safiileta
la sua sancli, V alé, lo cor, lo pit.
^Y com sò pogut jo. Senyor Dèu mèu,
olvidar tòt d' un cop tant amor sèu ?
IV.
; Olvidar tant amor! ; Com hopuchdir!
no cregui mare, no, que 1' he olvidal.
Sisabèstòtcuantjo he degut sufrir,
las penas y treballs que m' han passat !
Si fins ara he callat, ans de morir
ho ha de saber, vull dir com es estat.
Séntias demuntdel llit, al raconet,
sí, li prometo, parlaré aplaret.
— 259 —
V.
No tinguin pòr, de lòt daré rahó,
sens allerarme gens li contaré ;
deixem parlar, y asséntias al cantó,
si m' puch desahogar m' adobaré ;
aixís... dónguiam la ma, hi faré un pató.
jMíí beneida.... ! Sí, m' consolaré
locantla, y me dara mès esperit
per dirli los treballs que sò patit.
VI.
D' un coronel pot sèr record tindrà,
amich del bon Pèret, que fòu aquí
una volta, y tòtliom lo pondera
per hermòs, fins vostè m' ho digué a mi ;
portaba dòs venèras.... Sí, serà....
Aquell mateix, se deya Lluis, sí, sí;
pues bè, ja fèya un any, sinó passaba,
d' amagat de vostè, que m' festejaba.
VII.
Un dia no hi hagué que no V tingués,
sota r balcó hònt m' estaba a treballar,
ni nit que ab una senya no vingués
sota de la finestra .1 conversar,
ni cita le doní que la perdés
bè podia fèr vent, plóurer, tronar ;
ploraba tòl jurant que m' amaria,
y que ab rai dins poch temps se casaria.
— 260 —
VIII.
I Ay mareta ! d' amor jo m' abrasaba,
bè sap Dèii si m' hi hauria ab gust casal ;
mès la gran pena qu' a vostè causaba
que jo marit prengués que fòs soldat
me fèu sufrir callant, puig esperaba
que lòt, lo temps ho hauria acomodat :
y rumiant lo mateix de nit y dia,
sens may resoldrer res me consumia.
IX.
Cuan tolle tolle arriva i V improvís
qu' íí Rússia tòt 1' exercit ha de anar;
llavors fòu cabalmènt cuan lo Lluis
fèrse amich de Pèret va procurar,
lo cual aqui vingué, y me don.i avis
(puig èll ni del carrer pogué parlar)
ab termes generals que V mateix dia
per orde superior se marcharia.
(M' aparençarà un somni). Jo m' quedí
allí mateix de cop com trastocada,
mès sabent de cap-vèspre que d' aquí
ja la Guardia real se n' èra anada,
parar lo cor de batrer prèsl sentí
veyèntme d' èll per forsa separada :
passí la nit en brasas sospirant,
apretant lo coxí, sempre plorant.
— 2(H —
XI.
Anaba a la finestra, al puntl' obria
sèmblantme que m' hagués algú cridat,
estaba alerta allí, mès no sentia
ni un xit, tothom dormia reposat.
Un raig de lluna clara relluia
demuni lo llit de llagrimas mullat,
y a raullarlo lòrnaba lo mèu plor,
apretant lo coxí contra mon cor.
XII.
Morirme ja creguí, y sols desitjaba
que fòs bèn aviat per no penar:
vosié, prou me n' record, me preguntaba
cada dia a dinar y en lo sopar
perquè tan poch ó casi res tastaba :
jo escusantme ab la gana de menjar
passaba Is' dias consumintme, sols
per no dirli la causa de mos dols.
XIII.
Mès la tercera nit ab lo faticli
cansada de plorar, m' endormisquí:
veig que vè esperverat lo mèu amich
armat, m'agafa, y diu : «Segueix ab mi
sinó m' passo » . D' espant no sè V que m' dich,
lo sèu pit amenassa 1' ferro fi,
vull detenir son bras, però mès llest
diu, desempellegantse : «Resol prest *.
— 262 —
XIV.
Grocli, y agitat dcvant de mi l' tenia
leri, leri, per darsc una punxada;
me vestech, no sè tióni sò, 1' acer lluia,
baixo darrera d' èll desfrotorada ;
la porta obra d' un còtxo, ni' espenyia,
ra' ajuda ja ;i pujar, la cama alsada
ja tinch.... llavors desjjcrto, no sò al llit,
me Irovo al camp, so sola, y es de nit.
XV.
Me giro esparníjuida, y frech à frech
la tempestat tenia, fòya vent;
la gran fosca, los trons, y lo llampech
aumèntan mon terror: per mès tormènl
un llamp sei^uit d' un iro mòlt fort y secli
la casa nostra iluinina al moment,
y m' fèu véurer tan clar com .i mitg dia
lo quarto dins del cual voslé dormia.
XVÍ.
Aquell cop, miirc meva, m' v,i .iiiirdir,
lo cor se m'arrancaba, y plons lonia
dell.igrimas los ulls, ni ja cruxir
sènlo lo vent, ni lo llaiii[u'i'h lluia.
D' esma, y cap endarrera per obrir
Palpant busquí la porta.... jo volia
tornar ;i ca-a . . . . ; Verge do Pietat !
lo pany de cop tòt sol s'èra tancat.
— 2f)3 —
XVII.
Fins als ossos m'enira I' fret de la mort,
se ni' glassa la sanch tota, no hi sentí;
lo cor que fins llavors baté tan fort
para de cop, ni respirar poguí.
Miraba sens remey ma mala sort,
pérdrer lo Lluis, saberse tòt al fi...
yen tal moment d'infern.... ; Jesús Maria!
fiu lo gran pas fugint de casa mia.
XVIII.
Tòt dret m' encaminí cap a Moro
discorrent entre mi que lo Lluis
cap a Rússia ab tres dias, de facció,
que hagués fèt camí mòlt èra precis.
<:Com r aconseguiré? si podré jo....?
iqué faria si al fi 1' aconseguís?
;presentarmi, parlar, y dir qui sia ?
i una donzella honesta gosaria?
XIX.
De Guardias en lo cos Pèrel serveix,
y per aquesta part se n'ana ahí;
cuan marcharen se deya m'apareix
que fèyan nit avuy dins de Treví :
aniré a casa d'èll ; ; Ay ! no ho mereix;
pe 'Is' Sans li pregaré que m' tinguia allí.
jÈll m'estimaba tant! S'enternira,
y mon estat a llàstima I' mourà.
— 204 —
XX.
Dit, y fèt.... arriví just al moment
que s' fèya dia: ma ànsia demana
,à un xicot que veigí per accident
si a casa d'un sèu oncle capella
Lluis s'òra allotjat, y èll complassènl
cap allí lòl seguit m'encaminíí :
à mon germà hi troví, y agenollada
que no m'deixas li precli desamparada.
XXI.
^ Quina cosa no fèu lo bon Pèret
per iríiurerme del cap tal disbarat?
prega, plora, m'estreny la ma 1' pobret,
la besa, y a Milan bèn aviat
diu me convé tornar pel' camí dret
puig véurer mes lo Lluis es cas negat:
nota una meva ullada, y ab horror
veigé lo desespero de mon cor.
XXII.
Bèn content de saber èll sol lo dany
y esperant pos.is seny lèmps ;i venir,
(perquè no m' conegués cap sèu company)
de roba d' èll malèix me fèu vestir
com si fòs un criat, ó bè un estrany.
Marcharcm cuan fòu 1' hora de sortir
quedant ja convingut ènlre lots dòs,
.1 ningú descubrirme fòs qui fòs.
— 265 —
XXIII.
Com de fet que ningú va sospitar
y vent en popa lòt llavors anaba ;
mès no ra' podia jo tranquilisar
pus del gran cop de cap me recordaba :
de nit creixia mès lo mèu penar,
íí cada instant sentia que m' tapaba
pensant en lo desfici que tindria
vostè, que la sort mèua no sabia.
XXIV.
Cuan cent horas ja lluny fórem, jo vas
escríurerli a vostè lòt lo passat
perquè mon desatino perdonas
y noticia adquirís del mèu estat :
mès las cartas, no sè per quin acàs
segurament se hauran estraviat,
puig en tòt aquell temps, ara he sabut,
que noticias de mi may ne han tingut.
XXV.
Corrent a martxes dobles veus prenia
en cada llogarret hònt arrivaba :
«^un cos aixís y aixís passat hauria? »
(en lo cual cos lo mèu Lluis anaba. )
Vuy fií tres dias, dòs, deyan, mitg dia
que aquí fòu allotjat... Ja, ja m' trovaba
prop a véurerlo d' un íí altre moment,
y goig sentia, y pena, y plé, y tormènt.
— 266 —
XXVI.
i Ay marela estimada ! no pucií dir
que d' arribar prop d' èll me n' alegras,
puig decli assegurarli sens mentir
que lo que desitjal)a no lio sè pas ;
volia, com vull ara, prèsl morir
sols per poderlo véurer, y en tal cas
me volia, plorant, desesperar
per la pòr de lenirlo que trovar.
XXVII.
Així entre 1' esperansa ylo tormònl
patint com si estigués deinunt d'espins,
y pitjor que no estan segurament
los lladres, presidaris y assassins,
una tarde cuan nit se eslaba fent
arrivam à un poblel, en los confins
de Rússia, hònl mos cstaba ja esperant
lo cos de que he parlat mès endevant.
XXVIII.
A prop de mon germà .i caball m' cstaba,
cuan veig hu que besanllo 1' abrass.i :
jDèu mèu ! de coronel vestit anaba,
ab r als.'ula y ab 1' ayre èll me sèmbijí ;
se gira... es èll, ja dupic no m' quèdaba,
tremolí, no hi veigí, 1' cor .se m' glassíí :
pego un bòt de caball lòt do seguit,
y r estrenyo bòn fort contra mon pit.
— 267 —
XXIX.
Los plors, lo tremolo, 1' abatiment
m' ofegaren la veu de tal manera,
que res no poguí dir enterament.
Llavors temps de pensar tinguí sisquèra
lo disbarat (jue fèya en tal moment,
conegui r precipici, y endarrera
un pas doní, las mans deixant anar,
y allí mateix de j)èdra m' vaig quedar.
XXX.
Mon germà que vegèra ma figura,
per trííurerme, fingí, de aquell embras,
que de cop li ocurria una premura
y m' digne que a servirlo m' despachíis ;
1' entenguí, y .1 caball ab gran soltura
ab un bòt vaig saltar, y girant ras,
la brida deixo anar, pego espuelada,
y m' poso a galopar desatinada.
XXXL
La fosca, lo no haber jo parlat res,
y lo vestida anar de tal manera
feren que sospitar tampoch pogués
lo mèu Lluis que jo fòs la que m' era.
Fòu lo Pèret tant prompte per demés
no sabent cap hònt jo tirar poguèra,
queempescantse una farsa, conseguí
sortirsen, y atraparrae pel' camí.
— 268 —
XXXII.
Los dòs cossos llavors en una armada
s' uniren per fèr cara als enemichs.
jCuantas vollas de lluny, com encantada
miraba del Lluis los trajos riclis!
lo vcya ab lo cap baix, y apesarada
la vista, caminant entre 'Isaniichs
sens badar may la boca en lòt lo dia.
« Tal volta pensa ab mi »... jo dlscurria.
XXXIII.
Èntr' altres linch present un demalí
que venint de Smolensco lo Pèret,
tirantme la casaca vingué .i n)i
dièntme m' reliras per un ratet ;
ni temps de dar un pas ja no tinguí,
cuan veig de sopelòn lo mèu Lluiset :
lo cap vaig abaixar: j mare estimada !
figuris com quedí tota gelada.
XXXIV.
De costal se posaren, jo darrera
seguia com si fòs un llur criat,
se besaren, y units de esta manera
llur conversa entaularen aviat.
Cuant lo Lluis parlaba de mi èra,
del amor que ns' liabiam ja jurat,
de la mòlta tristesa que palí,
perquè llavors se creya lluny de rai.
— 269 —
XXXV.
Y seguia plorant : « Jo sòm aquí,
y ella ènlre tant jqui sap!... Si mòlt convé
ha mudat de pensar. » — «Èts prop de mi,
estimat mèu, repara si t' voldré :»
un no res se n' falta com no ho digui
sènsa pensar, i Debia ? Jo no ho sè ;
a lo menos al mitg de son penar
li podia est consol tan dols donar.
XXXVI.
t
N' obstant me continguí. Jamay parabam
d' anar sempre endevant; I' ayre gelat,
lanèu, lo glas, aixís com caminabam
sèmblaba qu' aumentassen: ni ciutat
al camí, ni al contorn jamay trovabara,
ni alberch, ni res que lòt no fòs cremat:
veyèntho de dalt baix tòt conmogut,
la fi del mòn sèmblaba liaber vingut.
XXXVII.
Tallat èra I' camí, arbres geyènt,
sulsits los ponts, dels rius 1' aigua fugia,
los camps tots arrasats, y en tal moment
ni una veu, ni un estrèpit se sentia
que senyal donas d' anima vivent;
sols al Cciurer las casas fum sortia,
y de flamas se veyan las onadas
entre runas fugint a grans glopadas.
— 270 —
XXXVIII.
Ferralge pe' Is' caballs ja no s' irovaba,
allòtjamèiu, recapte per ningú;
la civada, lo blat tòt s' abrasaba
en magatzems, v sens que hi fos algú :
dormiam sobre 1' glas, sols se donaba
mitja galeta al dia per cada hu;
queyan morts los caballs, queya la gènl,
de fam, misèria, fret, y cansament.
XXXIX.
Cuan <i tal punt lo mal crescut ne fòu
se digué no quèdaba altre esperansa
que arrivar a quartèls dintre Moscou
hònt menjar trovariam y bonansa;
no cal dir com tal nova «i tothom mou
ni abquin delit alli la gent s' avansa:
ab menos de tres dias se ne ana
prop de Moscou lo exersit, y acamp.i. ij i< ,.1
XL.
Devant de 1' cnemich fórem per dar
una batalla y tòt pendia d' ella.
Per forsa lo Pèrel me feu anar 1
ab los bagatjes, falo y la gent vella ;
los cabells de mon cap vas arrancar
quèixantme amargament de tal estrella;
crido, ploro, seguirlo vull al foch,
raès no hi valen los crits, los plors tampocli
— 21\ —
XLI.
Jo li deman' ( lòl fèntli una abrassada)
qu'èll ni Lluis s'arrisquian al combat.
«Bè, me respongué, bè, Isabel amada.»
Lo beso.... l'uliim cop que T sòm besat:
anaba a parlar mès, cuan de llamada
íeu lo timbal lo loch apressurat,
•salta d caball, y jo me desmayí,
y no sòm sabut mès que n' fòu de mi.
XLII.
Cuan torní del desmay, de lluny se oia
brunzir la bala, y íèr son tro V canó ;
mil veus, una pregaba, altra gemia,
timbals, caballs, clarins fèyan un so
confús que sens s' entèndrer se sentia
y fèya horror a un temps y compassió ;
si miraba endevant no s' veya llum
per un negre y espès núvol de fum.
XLIII.
i Verge pura ! ^Que n' es de mon germà
y de mon estimat? ; Oh Dèu piadòs !
allí entre mitg... aquèllas veus d' alia',
aquells gemèchs pot sèr son d' un d' ells dòs.
Al ocórrermeaixó m' amag' de pla
darrera un carro, cobro lomèu cos
ab las motxillas ; per no oir mès crits
me tapo las orellas ab los dits.
— 272 —
XLIV.
Comensaba .i enfosquir cuan ascoltí
que la nostra victorià se cantaba ;
refiadaab tal nova, me girí
y un carro tras del altre desfilaba.
Esperant que Pèret vingués allí
d' aquell siti mateix no m' bellugaba :
tothom èra a Moscou, jo m' consumia,
passaban lioras, y èll jamay venia.
XLV.
Ab las mans «i la cara en terra seya
los colzes als genolls, xiulaba V vent
per èntrc mos cabells, y portar creya
cada bufada un dolorós lament,
una fúnebre veu que horror me fèya
y ra' sèmblaba la seva : al firmament
also Is' ulls, no hi h<i lluna, tòt es dol,
per tòt es negra nit de pol a pol. — i^^
XLVI.
Pèret ! Pèret ! cridaba, mès la veu
se perdia en los camps, sens may sentirse;
sols trovaba mon cor per tòt arreu
motius de sospitar y esparoguirse ;
un vol de corbs passaba, y si no s' veu
de la fosca entre mitg, pot distingirse
de las alas remor, los crits de mort,
que fan lo mèu terror sempre mès fort.
— 275 —
XLVII.
M' also, vaig cap Moscou, puig esperaba
que allí lo mèu germà m' aguardaria.
Poch d poquet la lluna ja s' alsaba;
dins de mon cor la sanch se retenia,
perquè per tòt arreu hònt trapiljaba
altra cosa que morts no descubria,
trossos d' armas, curenyas y bandèras,
caps, brassos, colls tallats de mil manèras,
XLVIII.
Cuan un llampech de prompte me ferí
y me vingué aquell altre recordant
que a la seva finestra jo vegi
de mon fugir en lo terrible instant:
ni un estel en lo cel llavors lluí.
M' aparegué en la lluna sanguejant
un núvol roig, aliònt vostè ploraba,
y la sanch deraunt mèu me degòlaba.
XLIX.
Callaba lòt: al fi de la campanya
sentia un crit, que m* traspassaba V cor,
avanso, y trovo un gos que llest s' afanya
llepant la viva sanch d' un hom que mor ;
jau davall d' un cadàver que li banya
la cara de sangueiij, mès èll llavor'
d' aquí y d' alia s' procura bellugar
per traurersel de sobre y respirar.
18
— 274 —
L.
Lo cadàver que sobre sí tenia
estaba sense cap, y ensangrentat;
miro r desola, y veig... ; Jesús Maria !
Color, vestit... m' arrinao al sèu costat:
Lluis es ; lo cabell al cap sentia
(mèntres Uansaba un crit) tòt erissat,
dessòbre d' èll caiguí de tombollòns;
r abrasso ab forsa, y li faig mil palòns.
LI.
Li sento batre' I' cor, m' agenollant
esqueixo mon vestit pera faixar
la ferida, per hònt s' esta escolant, . fe gup
tan fonda que fins V os li fa mostrar ; U
alsa los ulls llavors, y sospirant -;
me coneix, fit à fit rae v.1 mirar, ..qa 'tf
y fent mitja rialla, sobre I' cor
posa la meva ma, V estreny, y mor.
LIL
Lo cor ja no li bat, ja no respira ; ; :>
vull alsarme de cop, mòs tropessí ,-^
ab un cap que sens cos per terra gira.
L' esperit que m' quedaba reculli ;
observo r cap... de sanch tòt brut se mira,
mòs la cara no obstant li distingí.
^Y si fòs aquell cap del germ.i mòu ? ;,
; Rèyna del Àngels ! miro, èra lo sèu.
— 275 —
LIII.
Allí quedí com ximple y alelada,
sens poderme girar, ni fèr un crit;
mesèmblaba que eslés endormiscada
ó somiant tal volta dins lo llit:
me desmayí, y a 1' alba fuy trovada
estesa al mitg de terra sens sentit;
casi morta a iMoscou me trasladaren
sènsadonarmejocuan mi portaren.
LIV.
Estiguí d' aquell modo prop d' un mès,
y cuan íí recobrarme comensaba
dalt d' un carro m' troví, d' entre Is' demés
del' exercit vensut que retiraba;
y fòu com he pogut saber desprès
que aquell general vell que aquí posaba,
en lo camp de batalla m' va trovar,
y com voslé veigéme fèu portar.
LV.
Per miracle de Dèu sols arriví
seca com una sòmbra, ja m' veigé :
ja s' recorda que traurerme d' aquí
furiós lo papay de ferm volgué,
però voslé apiadada lo reduí >, ;
oint la veu del cor que li digué :
es filla, es l' Isabel, es la sanch mèua,
olvidis lòt, sò encara mare sèua!
— 276 —
LVI.
Ja fa un any que en lo llit jo sepultada
deprèssa m' vaig fonent de dia en dia,
prima com un lluquet me sò tornada,
y per moments espero la mort mia.
^Veu aquest mocador, mare estimada?
que al) mi V fès enterrar desitjaria,
es del pobre Pèret, y esta espurnat
ab la derrèra sanch de mon amat.
LVII.
Cuan IKIgrimas tinguí, jo 1' ne xupaba
plorant de nit y dia demunt d' èll :
i ab quin consol aquella sanch miraba
enrogirse, y reviurer! ab iropèll
mil y mil voltas tèbia la besaba,
senlintme esborronar tota la pell,
pus me sèrablaba vóurer la sanch lòta
remóurerse, y bullir gota per gota.
LVIII.
Mès ara que ja gens no puch plorar
y los ulls se m' enfònzan, me conforta
sobre mon cor podermel apretar
y estrènyer fins .i tant que seré morta,
j Ay mare ! por lo mòlt que m* v;í estimar,
per lo dolor terrible que sòporla,
posem cuan m' liauré mort (que prest ser.i)
est mocador vostè ab sa pròpia mà.
— 277 —
LIX.
DÓDguein, perDèu, mareta, aquest consol,
que los ulls tancar puga ab santa pau.
( j Ab santa pau ! ) ; Ay ! tinch un desconsol.
Encara hi h.i una cosa que m' desplau,
que perdònarme lo papay no vol,
puig beneliir sa filla no li plau.
Si aquesta gràcia sols puch conseguir,
ja no desitjaré mès que morir.
CoRT/iDA.
LAMENTS D' UN EXPÒSIT.
FRAGMENT.
Clamar sentí una veu
tan dòlsa, que m' robaba
los sentits del cor mèu :
com si partís del cel se derramaba,
y ab armoniòs murmuri axis parlaba :
« Sers que sentiu de una aniòròsa fletxa
penetrar lo fibló al mitg del cor,
y ab vostre plant los ulls bròtan copiosos
perlas nascudas entre amants recors;
— 278 -
Animas qu' eczalau castas essencias,
suspirs sempre apenals, may de consol;
suspirs que del Irist cor la vida Uansan
com llansa 1' vent 1' aroma de las flors ;
Sèrsconlrislats, venia !.. Veniu, que trista
r anima mia, morta de passió,
las llàgrimas dels ulls que d' amor ploran
beurd goijòsa com vital licor.
Los i ays ! que troban eco se suavisan,
lo dolor qu' es contat es menos fort,
las penas que sentim, si altres las sèntan,
penas menos amargas, Dèu mòu, sòn.
Veniu, cors aflij^its! que ja os espera
lo mèu cor jay ! curiit per afliccions :
per èll sereu la llum de la esperansa ;
per èll sereu com per la terra 1' sol.
Jo os contaré de ma ignorada vida
lo amarch camí, cruel, tempestuós;
que r combat del mèu cor es mès terrible
que las ònas del mar, que V llamp, que l' Iró.
Oraplíulo ab vostre amor de mès dulsuras
que número d' estels divisa 1' mòn,
que grans d' arena hi h.i del mar al fondo,
que en las alas del vènl lamentacions.
No ra' dexéu olvidat, sers amorosos,
aneguéu ab carinyo los meus dols,
que un diluvi no basta al que d' expòsit
la marca rellueix sobre 1' sèii fròni.
Tòt es per mi desert, tòl trist, lòt negre;
res me dóna plaher, m' afligeix tòt,
ly com no sèr axis, si entre Is' meus brassos
— Í79 —
no hi trobo may la mare del mèu cor?
; Y com no sèr axis, si ènire la massa
de sers felíssos que conté aquest mòn,
al mitg de tant bullissi, de tant fausto,
sempre, sempre, Dèu mèu, jo m' trobo sol?
No he rebut de una mare las caricias,
ni d' ella me ha adormit una canso,
ni r calor del sèu pit me ha donat vida,
m may me han dispertat los seus patòns.
; Ahònt èls, dòlsa mare, que iio còrras
a imprimí' Is' llavis de tòn fill al front?
i Per mi no hi ha un semblant ahòn no t' busqui,
y sempre indiferents los trobo tots!!..
Del camp la solelal prench per alivio, ,
fugint del mòn ingrat y bulliciós, -viqví td^
y allí, en la inmensitat, que a Dèu revela,
pel' lluminós espay te busco jo.
Te veig brotar del raig de las estrellas,
sento eczalar ta veu del mitg del bosch,
jo t' veig flotar de I' aura entre las alas,
jot' sento palpitar dintre 1' mèu cor.
Los llassos y guirnaldas que Y cel forma
ab nubols diamantints contemplo jo,
y entre Is' cambiants que moslran sas juguinas,
estatich veig lo tèu semblant hermòs.
Èts raès brillant y hermòsa que I' aurora
cuant, obrint del Orient lo seus balcons,
perlas y aròmas bulliciosa llansa
al sacudir sa cabellera d'or.
Èts esbelta y gentil com las palraèras,
alegre com de 1' alba la claró'.
— 280 —
mès dòlsa que la mel, mòs que 1' almibar,
mès pura que la llum del mateix sol.
Sòbre la terra de ginòUs me postro....
al cel mon esperit also ardorós ! . . .
Mès jay! bufan los vents, los núbols fugen,
y entre Is' sè'us plechs, las mèvas ilusiòns.
Jo als arbres del desert per tú pregunto,
y fort plant dels meus ulls llanso copiós,
cuant son ramatge, que los vents assotan,
sols me respon xiulets desgarradòrs.
Jo pregunto al aussòll que distret canta
acariciat del bàlsam de las flors,
y espantat de ma veu, sacut las alas,
y suspèn lo sèu cant armoniòs.
Per tu pregunto a las crèspadas ònas
cuant rompen son cristall de mil colors
sòbre la fina platja, y ab ternura
acarícían mos peusab son rumor.
Mès jay! lo mòu desitg es sòmbra vana,
las ònas arrebatan ma ilusió,
y al fondo del sèu llit se me la emportan,
fugint ab tristas veu ;, plenas de horror.
I Dèu mèu. Deu m;:u ! ^Qué ha fet 1' anima mia
que r Univers per ella s' mostra sòrl?
Sò la flor inocènt que he nascut ()ura,
y fulla a fulla m' destrueix tothom.
Veniu, cors apenats, tan sols vosaltres
del mèu cor cibuaréu las afliccions :
per èll sereu la llum de la esperansa ;
per èll sereu com per la terra 1' sol.
Veniu, veniu !.. Però, (Dèu mèu ^qué miro?)
— 28i —
també 1' vostre carinyo es ilusió....
També de mi fugiu com secas fuUas
quel' arbre del raèu cor llansa del trònch.
Y tòt per mi es desert, tòt trist, tòt negTe,
res me dona plaher, m' afligeix tòt,
I y com no sèr axis, si entre Is' meus brassos
no hi trobo may la mare del mèu cor?
Per rai no hi ha esperansa, no hi ha vida,
no hi ha amor, no hi ha mòn !.. Mès jay ! Senyor,
perdona a un delirant, puig tu existeixes,
y existint tú, existeix ja tòt lo mòn.
Tu que radiant de llum al mèu cor baxas ;
tu per qui I' mòn es mòn, tu que ho èts tòt,
seríís per mi la llum de la esperansa,
seràs per mi com per la terra l' sol.»
TRIBUT,
TVaiflT
285
Miréula allí, arrimada
com un aussèll à qui del fret guaria
bella rama algun dia,
pel' furor del oratje arrebatada,
y que, baix altre rama acònsolantse,
mira ab amor la que 1' salva primera,
y en la segona aconortat espera.
Miréula, com donzella
que maridada fòu per sa ventura,
y que, al mirar sa estrella,
sent que en son pit constant y viu li dura
lo recort de la casa liòn fòu nudrida,
y, fent mescla d' amor y d' anyòransa,
s' alegra y plora a un temps en sa mudansa.
Jo, sí! també la miro,
pus de poder miraria Y dret me sobra,
y mirantla sospiro,
y, com pera cridaria, que se m' obra
sento la boca, d' alegria plena ;
mès, guardant la paraula, sols la clamo
del cor ab lo llenguatje en que m' inflamo.
— 286 —
Filla meva siguères,
y mès que .1 cuanlas n' he perdut l' estimo,
perquè sempre visqueres
en temps felis de ma passió al arrimo,
perquè èts de las perdudas la derrèra,
y perquè m' tens, pot sèr, de amar mès ganas
que las que un dia foren mas germanas.
Mos Comptes valeròsos
de un rèy àrab sentiren las riallas,
y à la mar presuròsos
corrèren, revestits ab duras mallas ;
al rèy trobaren, .i sa gèni vencereu,
y, prenènlli lo trono y la corona,
lo portaren en triunfo íí Barcelona.
Fundaren ab tal presa
un nou regne que abans no poseian ;
la casa aragonesa
coroníí als que d' infans lo nom tenian ;
dels nous rèys t' esculliren per delicia,
y, de llavoiBpalsant la vista ufana,
te vestires ab pompa mès galana.
En tos jardins, que reian,
fòu gronxat de la estirpe mallorquina,
per la fresca vehina,
lo bressol noble en que Is' infatitòns jeian,
y si un mot en sos somnis d' or llensaban,
Mallorca ! sols sortia de sos llavis,
junt ab los noms dels còmptes-rèys sos avis.
— 287 —
Escullintte per grada
que obria 1' pas del Aragó i la terra,
un temps en que olvidada
fòu de son rèy per estranjèra guerra,
vingué d' Elna V Pastor brau a ma porta
A esperar al ingrat, y, ans que entrarà,
son olvit recordali cara à cara. ( 1 )
Ja abans j oh temps! unida
A ma forsa ta forsa que una èra,
fòu lluny de tu expel-lida,
del Aragó ab la federal bandera,
]^ francesa oriflama, que atrevèntse
A orejar per tos plans, mès que resolta
tingué, a tos crits, que dar à Fransa volta.
Perdónam, filla meva,
si Is' temps recordo de comuna glòria ;
es ma sang la sang teva :
culpa sols, donchs, à ma constant memòria.
(1) Aludeix al monarca Alfons V de Aragó, lo cual habia es-
tat mólls anys en Itàlia per rahó de guerras y de altres causas
que à éll convenian, oividantper tal motiu la mare pàtria, y dei-
xanlla enmans degobernadórs. Veyènt los catalans que no tor-
naba, reuniren corts en 1454, y 1' bisbe d' Elna fòu 1' encarre-
gat de contestarà la proposició, (ó discurs de la Corona que di-
riam enllenguatje modern, ) en cual rahonamènt tragué 1' bon
prelat tòt son saber y sa enerjia , pronosticant y dolèntse ai mateix
temps, pera que lo monarca reparàs son olvit , y s' fès càrrech de
las llàgrimas que, pe* Is' ulls de son representant, derramaba 1'
Principat.
— 288 —
Sempre la bona mare es indiscreta,
mès proba sempre qu' es mòlt bona mare,
si al fill pondera V honra de son pare.
Ja veig que l' dono pena, " '
pus, mirant lo vestit que deus poriarne,
vacil-las poc serena
ènlre mirarlo ú èll ó Is' nlls tancarne.
A Provensa has mirat? perquè la miras?
Germanas tens, ja ho sé ! que a mi m' deixaren,
mès fugiren à temps cuanl s' escaparen.
Lluny son recort descansa,
mès tu íls diferent d' èllas, qu' en la hora
de ma postrèr bonansa - ' ' -•
presenciares mon mal, de mi ú la vora.
Tu no pols de ta historia la gran llibre
llegir jamay : tancat deus conservarlo,
ó que s' esfulle per òli sol deixarlo.
.IJO
Los sospirs que tu eczalas
cap à mitg dia 1' Tech al marlos porta ;
y al nort, ab morlasalas,
cau ton accent de S;ílses.i la porta; ,,;
y si en tal cas procuras esforsarte,
passant lo Narbonés, al Loira arriba,
mès allí s' peri pus 1' altre part l' esquiva.
Ton castellet m' ascòlta ^^"^
é, innocent, de mon plani y masparaulas
es r únic que, tal volta,
— 289 —
sen riu prenèntlas tòtas com íí faulas,
pus veu que, encare que son llibre s' trenqui,
fullas te escritas que pel' vèrit no cauen :
las tòmbas ficsas hòn tos consols jauen.
Una volta, vehina,
(qu' èix nom te daré sols ja dèsde are,)
volguí, abespressióftna,
de mon amor y dul parlarte encare,
per si s' aumènta aqueix ó 1' altre passa ;
però no ho faré mès.. ! Perdona, amiga,
si una volta m' mogué una passió antiga.
Jo quedaré contenta
com presoner que veu passar sa esposa,
y, encare qu' esta ausènta,
sols en véurer sa sòmbra riu y s' gosa...
Com un amant jeiòs qu' en 1' aguaytpena,
dèsde r Voló t' aguaitaré dèsd'ara, •
ficsos mos ulls en la joyòsa cara.
Jo escoltaré com trenca
í' aire francès del Rosselló la parla,
mèntres ma forsa arrenca
la gràcia castellana, sens miraria.
Veuré com bregas, pugnas y gemègas
del mateix mal en que 1' flamenc s' apura,
si bè r flamenc tè prócsima la cura.
Y ja sia qui t' guarde
gall ó matròna ó bè 1' àguila altiva,
19
— 290 —
al cliurer de la tarde,
d' allí t' contemplaré ah ànsia viva :
d' allí veuré 1' estrem d'or y de perlas
que fòu lallat de mon manlèll de grana,
y que ú un d' altre color are engalana.
D' allí jo l' faré senya,
per si jamay ton pont servir devia
pera passar la ensenya
contraria del sossègo del Mitg dia.
D' allí, sí, t' miraré : tu també míram...
y si vè r cas que 1' honra ns' divideixi,
corria 1' Pirene y separats nos deixi.
BOFAIOLL.
IIMIPROVIISAGIO
i Com ton poder va passà' !
i Oh baluart del feudalisme !
sol, cònlòmplas mòlt temps ha,
com roda fins al abisme
lo que r temps desmorona.
Tu nos rccordas la glòria
— 291 —
de aquells comptes soberans,
que, auxiliats dels catalans,
conseguiren que la historia
irasladés sos fets brillants.
Contemplaba ab alegria
ta vista dominadora
r artifici y la porfia
que la sanya destructora
dels sarrabíns contenia.
Y ton zel ja preparaba
mil corònas de llorer,
y tas portas franquejaba
al esforsat caballèr
que pàtria y Dèu defensaba.
Al present, d plant y dol
ton silenci nos ecscita :
are abandonat y sol,
no tens niès per qui t' visita
que del passat lo consol.
Torroella, vila vella,
ab tos murs mès vèlIs quetú,
vila vella ab ta pobresa,
vila vella ab la quietut.
— 292 —
ab los carrers solitaris,
ab tas casas y ab tos murs,
y ab tòn castell qiie l' domina,
y ab ton riu que l' don' tribut.
^Perquè, vila, ton castell
sembla que l' mira ab trist ull?
^Es que no l' veu com te veya?
Mès i com llavors lo veus tu ?
Que si negra te has tornada,
i òll lo lèmps ja V ha retut,
y si tos murs ja no l' valen
i de qué li valen sos murs?
Si dels lòus en las tronaràs
ja no hi guaytan los trebuclis,
ni tens bandera en las torres,
nien ton portal hi h;í ningú,
dígasmc, donchs, i(V est castell
quanta gent guarda los murs?
^ quins centinèilas te guaytan
delr.is dels marleis romputs?
equina senyera en sas torres
sos plechs desplega ab orgull,
y ahòn la veus en cap ironèra
sols una espasa que lluu?
^Qui us' ha fèt, donchs, tant gran tort,
V vila, .llòn castell y a tu?
^ Quina m.i las sèuas portas
y las tèuas ha romput?
Tu m' ho diràs, riu que corres
a sas plantas ajegut,
ó tu tal volta, montanya
— 295 —
gegantesca de Bagú ;
mes lo riu murmurant passa
devall de sos olms groxuts,-
y corre al mar que 1' espera,
y fins me sembla que m' fuig :
y la geganta montanya,
com un colós abatut,
pintant son front en las aiguas
del mar s' estén alia lluny ;
y com si r pes de tants segles,
i pobre mont! Y hagués retut,
pareix que m' diu : — ^Quí es que torba
dels que han estat la quietut? —
Los arbres cuant se manejen
me dihuen ab trist murmuU :
— Vés d cantar, pobre jove,
de la ciutat ènlre 1' bruit,
que aquí ab lo vent que ns' abrasa
y ab lo sol que ns' dóna llum,
y ab r aucèllque sempre ns' ama,
y dels camps ab los perfums,
ni volem tas arraonías,
ni las noslras sòn per tu.
Vésten, vésten, pobre jove,
no ns' lòrbis ab ton murmuU. —
; Ay ! y un suspir se m' arranca,
y a una altre part giro Is' ulls,
cuant al veure' ab sas ovellas
un rabadà al cim d' un puig,
corro y li dich : — Tu 1' historia
sabràs de eixos murs caiguts ;
— 294 —
d' aquell castell solitari,
cóntam, dígam, ^qué n' sabs tu? —
Y òll mirant lo (jiie li mostro,
y tornant a mi los ulls,
me diu : — Pas re. — Y desas cabràs,
corròntnc delras, me fuig.
Quedat, donclis, quedat, oli vila,
y tu castell, com sòu, muts,
ab r historia misteriosa
que m' callan los vostres imii...
Jo r riu deixaré ab sos arbres,
los drbresab son murmull,
lo rabadà ab sas ovellas,
la montanya de Bagú,
y tornaré, pobre jove,
de la ciutat entre 1' bruit,
per no esiòrbar ab mos cants
dels qu' han estat la quietut.
IkA^cii.
\ LA MEMÒRIA
DE JOSEP SOL Y PADRIS,
atsessinat «nSansio dia 2 de Juliol do 1855.
Ab Uagrimas d' amor y d' amargura
que mon trist cor m' envia,
biiscan, en va, mos ulls d' amistat pura
— 295 —
la grata imatge que Is' alegra un dia.
Del temple hòn brillaba mòs galana
la porta de lluny miro,
mès r íímbit veyènt fòscli, de mala gana
a un altre estrem mos ulls plorosos giro.
No ploro, no, perquè I' camí conèixer
no sè ja en mon desfici :
es perquè 1' brill no s' pot fer ja aparèixer,
per mès que al temple m' doni en sacrifici.
Fugiu de rai, recorts esplendorosos
que ans me alimentareu ;
fugiu, sentiments grats y generosos
que fins aquí mon esperit poblareu !
fugiu, pus que si vius os conservarà,
perdria ma firmèsa,
a ma vista 1' recort prest encegarà,
lo sentiment daria al cor ferèsa !
Mès ay ! ^qué n' trech d' així buscar amparo
per lo perill combatrer,
si r mal de que jo m' dolch no tè reparo ?
si, abatèntse I' amich, jo m' dech ab.itrer?
Oh ! si al menys axí fèntho, a nova vida
pogués, sòmbra, tornarte!
prest la mia per tu fora cedida,
sols un minut tingués pera besarte.
No hi ha remey ! Deixéume, donchs, que plori ;
que r dols recort m' encegui ;
que, no poguent mirar, al menys anyòri,
y sial' plor 1' afany que tenir degui !
Aislat y sens mès llum queia mia pena,
mon esperit delira,
— 296 —
y sols la sòmbra veig, grata y amena,
que, ab sa noblesa, alegra al qui la mira.
Ja la contemplo acariciant, benigna,
del vell que Y fill espera
lo nevat front; ja contenint, mòlt digna,
r alé de Roma que a la pàtria altera.
Ja goijòsa la veig y oberts los brassos
cuant d' ausencia retorna,
com dóna y reb de cada amich abrassos,
que si Is' reb grats, mès grats encare Is' torna.
Ja, en soledat, la miro com, serena,
la catalana lira
pulsa, deixant de goig 1' .inima plena,
cuant, ascoltant son cant, gosa y admira.
No puch mès ja ! Vensut per la ficsòsa
del pensament que m' mala,
iqué podré fòr per tu en ma tristesa?...
seguiré l' sentiment que m' arrebata?
Oh, sí ! d èll invoco : lu del temple
ahòn jo m' encamino
la deital has de sèr: tu bon eczèmplc
al sacerdot inspiraràs y lino.
Ascóliam, donchs, cuant à tos peus me postro,
per mès que m' debiliti
lo trist recort, pus prou valènl me mostro,
cuant, devant tèu, m' inspiro en aquest sili.
De ta ira, en venjansa, un Ham dispara
contra I' que, ab mà atrevida,
osà de la amistat la sòmbra cara
cubrir ab sang, de dins son cor sortida ;
mès, la venjansa que son nom reclama
— 297 —
^ran sia, y com de guerra :
gran, com lo buit que indicar.í su fama:
gran, com la taca que ha cubert sa terra !
BOFARULL.
A LA HIEMOiRIJI^ DE MA MARE.
Canet laba, et mortui resurgent
incorriipti... Ubi enim est, mors,
victorià lua?
i.* ad Cor. vers. 45.
Fònch un lèmps per mi felis
qu' èra mès dols a mon cor
que la rosada a la flor,
que r víurer del Paradís
als arcàngels del Senyor.
Purs èran mos jorns y clars
com sòn en la primavera ;
de la vida en la sendèra
jo may trovaba pesars,
que la mare Is' ne traguèra.
Núbol ni boira entelar
osaba la dilxa mia :
la boira s' desvaneixia
de la mare al dols mirar :
confiïs lo núbol fugia.
i Com passaba los moments
— 298 —
de la mare als peus senlat
y en sa falda V cap posat !
enveja fèya als presents
ma iumcnsa felicitat.
De la mare en la virtut
palpitaba 1' pit llavor' ;
son ull feria mon cor :
jo entraba en la juvenlut,
ple lo cap de somnis d'or. ^ j ^l
Somnis no mès ! de seguida,
se convertiren en dol :
passaren, com en juliol,
flor que una nit lò de vida,
ques' mustii^a eixint lo sol.
La estrella de ma ventura
prompte comcnsa ;i llanguir ;
los raigs d' or y de salir
de cruel fat a la llèy dura,
trist de mi! veigí exlinjir.
Per los dolors combatuda
postra s' ma mare en lo llit ;
la lòs que obria son pit
èra una sageta aguda
que m' tenia I' cor partit.
Ab ternural' assistí.
que èra mòlt gran V amor mèu ;
però èra mès gran lo sèu !
Mústichsjals' ulls fics.'í en mi
cuant r ;iuiiiiaeiureg;i ;i Üèu !
Dèsde aquell fatal moment
foren mos plors d' amargura
/<i-:^
— 299 —
sepulcre de ma ventura :
consol en va amiga gent
dar cl mas penas procura.
Perden las flors son perfum
separadas de la planta,
y r rossinyol que ns' encanta,
pel' foch privat de la llum
trist sempre y pesaròs canta.
De la mare separat
seré la inodora flor;
seré r rossinyol cantor,
gemegant de llum privat:
mos cantars seran dolor !
La mare veig en lo mòn,
la mare als peus de la creu,
la mare veig tòt arreu...
mare! mare !!... Ay ! no respon
sa veu a ma trista veu !
Oh ! no t' riguis, Mort, de mi
ab sarcàstica rialla :
are es teva la batalla,
mès abans que arribi 1' fi
trencada veuràs ta dalla.
Que deia trompeta al so
los morts ressucitaran
incorruptes, y al devant
seuran del que cria l' tro :
tas victorias, Mort, qué s' fan?
Sol t Padris.
— 500 —
(dedicada a un auicii. )
Una nit en la platja
seniat, jo conlèmplaba
com la trèmula lluna reflectia
sa platejada cara
sobre V mar ;
Com sobre las rojencas
teulas se bellugaba
son raig qu' una de l' altre dividia.
A semblant vista, estíítich
vaig quedar.
Llavors sentí en lo aire
remor ple de dòlsura,
paregut a la veu misteriosa
de las ninfas que parlan,
pres un riu ;
0 bò al sospir que eczala
la tendra criatura
cuan dorm al pit de mare carinyòsa,
que, sospirant, —-jo l' amo,
jo t'am'; — diu.
Èra que dirigia
sas quòixas de tristesa
lo melancólich astre à las ònadas,
— 301 —
als arbres, a las fullas,
íí la font,
Dient: — Ja que desperlas
admiràu ma bellesa,
y us' fan móurer las mèuas alenadas
cuant entregat al somni
jau lo raòn;
Vosaltres qu' ensisòras
sentiu en vostres caras
lo bes acariciant del vent jugaire
qu' s mou ab la rosada
del matí;
A vosaltres jo estimo,
que sòu d' amor avaras,
y que si permeteu qu' us' toque 1' ayre
es perquè jo mateixa
li digui.
;No es ver, que com la mare
que Is' seus infants festeja,
y per darlos la vida s' trau la vida
posantsels ab ternura
sobre 1' pit ;
Que en lo bressol, cual 1' òna
del riu que s' balandreja,
no Is' deix', fins que tranquila y adormida
sen va besant sa cara,
sen va al llit ?
:Quejo, del Sol que us' roba
— 502 —
ab un sèu raig 1' aroma,
pintadas flors y vermellencas rosas,
ab mon dalé y frescura
vos lo torn'?
^Qne jo us'estènch la capa
d* una mullada broma,
cuant las músiigas fiillas vos tè closas
per son calor impiiro
tòt lo jorn ?
^No es cert que si furièntas
se alsan las ònadas
de la mar, ab lo foch que las ensèn,
y la mortesparraman
entorn sèu;
Que apenas se descobrcn
y veuen mas miradas,
llur fúria aterradòra van perdent,
y tranquilas escòltan
h mia veu?
Dormiu, donchs, mèntres duri
la nit ma protectora,
ònas del mar, del camp floretas bèllas,
que jo amorosa us' miro
dèsde r cel.
Dormiu, mèntres jo sola
regni en 1' espay, senyora
de las brillanls, mès trémiilas cstrellas;
dormiu, que jo us' cubreixo
ab mon vel.—
— 505 —
Aixís finí ; y 1' aubada
dant terme a V armonía
que, sentida en un somni m' recrearà,
me dissipa bèn prompte
est consol.
Y en mitx d' esplendents núvols
m' aparagiiélodia,
cuant, de fochs rodejada la sua cara,
entre vapors y glòria
nasqué I' sol.
Ml'ns,
De la adversitat, nineta,
los mès desfets temporals
baten mon front de poeta,
portantme a carrera feta
lòta una pUija de mals.
Per ells las ramas trencadas
del arbre de mos amors
jauhen per los camps llansadas,
conservant, per estimadas,
fresquetas algunas flors.
Un pomet de tòtas èllas
ne faig pera tu, ja ho veus ;
— 3üi —
y si qu' es poch això creus,
mira que aqucslas flors bòllas
sòn del cor los suspirs meus.
De aquestas flors capritxòsas
corona fès per lon front,
que seràs, si te las posas,
maravella de aquest mòn,
gentil ònlre las hormòsas.
Y si per cas las olòras,
sentiràs, ab sa fragància,
de plaers llarga abundància,
plaers que fins vuy tu ignoras,
mòlt mès vius que Is' de la infància.
Sí, que èllas sòn, jo l'ho dicli,
tota la ditxa abreviada
del mòn, en locuras rich,
de ma juventut daurada,
que m' roba lo temps inich.
Sòn lo gust dols, csiremat,
que sènl nostre tendre cor
cuant, guiat per un bon fat,
creu, tal volta, en lo favor
de aquest mòn va y encantat.
Los inflats somnis de glòria
sòn, del amor la impaciència,
y sòn la enganyosa historia
— 505 —
de un temps de fe, de ignocencia,
que ns' fatiga la memòria,
Sòn la pura senzillesa
ab que correm desvelUats
delras de goigs estremats,
que, al robarnos la puresa,
nos dèixan los cors llagats.
Sòn las citas misteriòsas,
sòn las frases de lernura
que de bòcas candòròsas
Uiscan i Dèu mèu! voluptuòsas,
al milj de la nit obscura.
Ysòn, nina, en conclusió,
las flors que mon cor te dóna,
de las fonts de ma ilusió
gòtas, que un temps foren òna
en los mars de la passió .
Mústigas sòn tòtas ja;
mes si en aqueix front de nèu
posartelas no t' sab greu,
frescas las veuràs demà
embellint lo semblant tèu.
Guardatelas, donchs, ben bè,
y mira que aquest present
te r faig, perquè l' mèu intent
es que trobes de flors ple
20
— 506 —
del raòn 1' ample paviment.
Guardatclas, y ah afany
conserva sa frescor pura,
que es pera lu do gran guany ,
puig mústigas, per lon dany,
tenen punxas de amargura.
Que si r misleriüs espill
de nostra ilusió ircncam,
liòn jòvcs ab fe ns' mi ram,
de pérdrer correm perill
los béns do que abans gosam.
Gra
M> íSSSSSJílSÏ'Ü' &SliSÍF®a
D. JOAQUIM ESPALTER
Gracias te dòo', Pintor, de qui 1* pinzell
ficsa en lo drap ma imatge fugitiva ;
gracias to dòn', Piniòr, puig que per èll
peri temps, pert mort sa forsa destructiva.
En va del lòmps se escorrerd 1' arena,
y .'í son compàs se escorrer.i ma vida ;
on va del temps perseverant faèna
— 507 —
arrugarà ma pell tersa y unida.
En va la edat ab sa nevada acció
blanquejarà mas barbas negras ara ;
en va la edalapagarà 1' caló',
de mon mirar groguejarà ma cara.
En va la mort ab dalla carnicèra
tallar voldrà de aquesta vida 1' fil ;
en va la mort ab ma corcada y fièra
llensar del iiiòn voldr;i m' en pols sufil.
Per ton pinzell en colossal batalla
vensut lo lèmps se trovara y la mort ;
per ton pinzell se trencarà la dalla,
caurà à tos peus lo lèmps qu' es menos fort.
Per ton enginy cauran las blancas alas
ab que los anys se llensan per 1' cspay :
per ton enginy als inmortals m* igualas:
igual als deus, no moriré ja may.
Ah ! si m' fòs dat ab menys tremolós bras
dels trobadors la lira sostenir !
ah ! si 'm fòs dat ab pols segur y audas
sas cordas d' or ab valent mà ferir !
Per mos canlars propis y estranys deurian
de ta amistat conèixer lo valor;
per mos cantars los venidèrs sabrian
la gralilut que anima lo meu cor.
Que no prelèncli que pnguian de la historia
grabar mos dits en fullas d' or ton nom ; p
que no pretènch fèr in mortal ta glòria,
que, ja inmorlal, ta glòria es per tothom.
La m el an eòlica nina
que, sentada prop I' estany, ..ímIíüí. i v.
— 508 —
lo bòU pais examina,
y r cap sobre 1' pit inclina
com si plorés un engany ;
Y r gran Moisès transportat
per cíngels purs en lo cel,
que conlèmplan irradiat
lo front d' aquell cor sagrat
que sostenen en un vel ;
Y Santa Ana la gloriosa
que a la Verge, hermòsa y pura,
llissòns donant carinyòsa,
la m^ en sa espatlla reposa
y s' complau en sa heruiòsura ;
Y r peó que fatigat
s'apoya sobre la llansa,
guardant lo camp hòn confiat,
prop del focl) mitx apagat,
r exercit tranquil descansa ;
Y la passièga que bressa
son infant en lo bressol,
sota r arboreda espessa
del passeig, que no atravèssa
ab sos raigs ardents lo sol ;
Y Is' gaiters napolitans ;
sas paisanas ensisèras ;
y Is' atrevits catalans
que, ab donas, baixan galans
de Garraf las coslas fièras ;
Y en la barca V Salvador
predicant als fariseus ;
y r andalús picador,
— 509 —
burlant del toro l' furor
que en va forseixa íí sos peus ;
Y la Verge inniaculada
contemplant son fill etern ;
y Is' dimonis que, agafada,
a r adúltera casada
s' emportan dret al infern ;
Y En Berenguer Cap d' estopa
ab sa cort sortint à cassa,
qu' en lo bosch, lluny de sa tropa,
ab lo fratricida lòpa,
que, inhuma, r pit li traspassa;
Y son cadàver trobat
pe' Is' criats y sa comitiva,
que, ab capas amortallat,
cl Girona es trasladat
y d sa catedral arriva,
Hòn cau mort lo seu falcó,
y r clero, inspirat del cel,
a son germà, ab veu de tro,
pregunta com lo Senyo'
íí Cain: «^Hòn es Abel? »
Cuadros sòn que inmortal fan
al pintor que Is' dona ú llum;
pinturas sòn que viuran
lo estragòs furor burlant
del lèmps que tòt ho consum.
Colocat ja, Espalièr, dalt de la glòria
en alas de ton geni transportat,
recorreràs la catalana historia.
— 510 —
y Is' héroes reviuran del Principat;
los homens reviuran que en l;i memòria
dels pobles y dels rcys s' han conservat,
los gestes revinr.in d' aquMla íil•nl
que domin.i en Alhenas y AL:ri-(•nt.
Per Roger pintanis en (irecia encesos
los vaixells (jue 1' portaren a sa platje,
y Is' aïrats almogàvers, fons y entesos,
que vèncer juran ó morí' ah coratje ;
pintar.is als Pisans y Genovesos
en las aiguas vensuls ah gran carnatje,
y com r alat lleó que 1' mar domina,
devant de nosires naus lo front inclina.
Tu pintaràs del Ròy Couquistadó'
las fòrmas colossals y ardents miradas,
al combat conduint son cscuadró
de caballèrs, sas tròpas òrdenadas,
empunyant en la dreta lo pendó
que tè en camp d' or d'un rèy cruftnts ditadas,
y dels murs trcinnlaiiilo (mi la eminoncia
de la gentil Mallorca y de Valencià.
Un poble pinlar.is que desarmat
se presenta a son rí'y que vol fèr guerra :
lo poble que de Uòys fòu despullat
armas no vol, y sa justicia aterra ;
durament lo Ròy Pere allissònal
los furs renova que llensa per terra,
qu' es «i son cap fexuga la corona
si a duria no T ajuda Barcelona.
Tu pintaràs de Blasco de Garay
r atrevit admirable pensament,
— oM —
que de la mar pretén crusar 1' espay
sens las velas indócils qu' òmpla 1' vent;
r aigua y lo foch, que amidis no fòreo may,
forsa d servir plegats a' son intent,
y, precursor dels sabis que are sòn,
martxa tres segles al devant del mòn.
Tu pintaràs a Fivallé' inmortal
que del rèy exigeix ab enteresa
lo respecte a la llèy, que per igual
.i los vassalls obliga y a Sa Altesa,
y al monarca enujat que s' posa mal
assisteix ab llèaltat barcelonesa,
que avant que tòt pe' Is' catalans la llèy,
y desprès d' ella lo respecte al Rèy.
Tu pintaràs del Príncep de Viana
lo saber, los treballs y los dolors,
del pare perseguit, de la inhumana
madrastre sucumbint a los furors :
no en va pretén 1' audàcia catalana
venjar 1' agravi que rebé en sas còrls,
mès, cuantlo poble llibertat alcansa,
mort en 1' hereu la flor de sa esperansa !
Pintaràs d' Ali-Bey los llarchs vialjes
que r Àsia crusa y 1', Àfrica atrevit,
als prínceps enganyant y als salvatjes,
del profeta Mahòma nèt finjit.
Tu pintaràs mil altres persònatjes
que, ab fets preclars, lo mòn han aturdit...
Ditxòs pintor que tens en ton poder
la glòria del pais que ns' dona V sèr !
Sol t Padris.
— 312 —
LO BRESSOLEl.
(A la mare de A. B. nascut en primer de setembre de 1858.)
No es r ombra dòlsQ
de fresca molsa
hòn dorm 1' aiicèll
lloch tantameno,
com n' es lo seno
d' èix bressol bell.
No mou las rosas
sempre olòròsas
tant bè lo vent,
com mous, mareta,
eixa barqueta
hòn dorm ton nen.
Guàrdal gelosa :
fèsli en sa hermòsa
galta un pató,
y al cel eleva
' sovint la teva
tendre oració.
Pus Dèu nos deixa,
en proba, en èix;i,
terra de dol ;
— ó\ó
y en mar salvatge
en mitg I' oratge
corre 1' bressol.
Prega, ó al contrari,
lo brau corsari
que s' diu la mort,
ton nen pondria
y r portaria
bèn lluny M port.
TlSADÉR.
A UN XIPRER.
(SALLOHQUÍ.)
Perquè i' crearen, oh abre,
sens ombra, ni fruit, ni flor?
^has nascut sols per fèrpòr,
de vora tòmbas de niabre?
Tòt abre qu' engròns 1' oratje
bat sos rams fent dols renou,
mts lo tèu negrenc fuyatje
jamèga si l' vent lo mou.
Si Is' pàmpols verts se balliigan,
si s' va engronsant el lloré',
— 31 J —
si Is' embats en l»s flors jugan,
y r esperansa s* en vé ;
Com un llamp fuix y s' esborra
tòt pensament de conorl,
guaytant tú, farèsta torre
de la ciutat de la mort.
A cada poble l' he visi
ú las portas del fossa' ;
diguem, ccntinèla trist
qucls' difunts te fan guarda',
iPerqu' es que sempre en els punts
te posan mès solitaris,
y vius sentint las pregaris &
que rcsan an els difunts?...
Oh! ja ho se... perquè ta rel
mostra an el cos el sòu llit,
mèntras que l' trònch com un dit
senyala .i 1' anima 1' cel.
M. AooiLé.
— 513
lA CREU ROJA DE SABOÏA.
(DEDICADA A VÍCTOR MANUEL. )
Símbol del amor de Dèu,
per èll escullida joya,
sobre un pendó lii h,1 una creu...
I Vents de Itàlia, desplegueu
la creu roja de Sahoya !
; Fill del màrtir de Oporto, Dèu te crida !
; Dèu ho vol ! \ Dèu ho vol !.. La causa es santa.
Ta espasa es entre tòlas la escullida...
i Que veja 1' mòn rendida
r àliga dels dòs caps sota la planta !
i Dèu ho vol ! Fill de un màrtir, ta bandera,
puig abun símbol sant Dèu te 1' ampara,
desplega al vent guerrera...
Per dar ombra a las tòmbas de Novara
los Uors pots fèr renaixer de Pesquièra.
Tòn sol nom, que ab veu baixa y a la orella
se diuhen los llòmbarts, febrils de ardor,
tòn nom, tòn hom, de llibertat estrella,
de tot un poble fa bullir lo cor,
— 516 -
com fa bullir la sanch de una donzella
y cstreméixer son cos un bes de amor.
I Qué espèras ? i Per qué la llansa
no llueix a la llum del jorn,
que es ja lo jorn de espèransa?.. .
i No hi ha res al lèu eniòrn
pera cridarte vènjansa?..
Y qué, ^no t' diu res lo ardor,
raig de foch, que en tòn frònl notas?.
Es que en ta corona d* or
hi h^ gòtas de sanch. Sòn gòlas
de sanch de mdrlirs, senyor !
Eixa corona preclara
que avuy lo lèu front ampara,
per podérlela cenyir
tòn pare la va cullir
d' ènlre la sanch do Novara.
Una derrota de glòria
en tòn cap la va posar.
Aèllat' deus y a la historia,
i Bè la pots asegurar
ab palmas de la victorià !
Parlen al lèu cor los crits
que Uansan, entre agonías,
dels Uòmbarts esclaus los pits,
ja que èts lo prouiés Messías
per los pobres oprimits.
— 517 —
Sías entre ells vencedor,
y seràs lo escullit seu :
sías, ab la fe del cor,
de tòn pare venjadòr,
sent lo venjadòr de Dèu.
Y si acas, — per lo trist fat,
que vol lo lior de la glòria
sempre ab sanch de héroes regat,
al negarte la victorià,
teesculleix la llibertat
pera sèr lo m.irtir sèu,
síaho sens obrir los Uabis,
que no en va, sagrat trofeu,
en lo pendó de tos avis
Dèu ha posat una creu.
Los diassòn arribats
que marcan las profecías.
Porta à Milan tos soldats,
que tu èts lo promès Messías
, per lo poble dels llòmbarts.
Símbol del amor de Dèu,
per èll escullida joya,
sobre un pendó hi ha una creu...
iVènis de Itàlia desplegueu
la creu roja de Saboya !
La hora ha sonat. Lo dia
que dèixe de imperar en Llombardia
— 518 —
del auslríach la llèy,
tòn cor senlir.is b.ílrer de alegria,
desterrat de Jcrsey (1).
A tu lambé, tarabé la Ilaüa t' crida.
Ab lo cor ulcerat,
passejaràs ta vista dòlòrida
per las rui'nas de aquell sol sagrat,
y veuràs que ha perdut niès que la vida
lo poble que ha perdut la llibertat.
Del Adigi los salzers y Is' desmays,
balancejanlse ah tendre llanguimènt,
ombra daran plasèol
als dos Víctors, dòs rèys que sòn tocays :
lo ungit deDèu, lo ungit del pensament.
Y si al anar a darli ton auxili,
trobas tan sols la mort ab semblant fièro,
sufréixla sens temor ni desespero : i /[
morir.is en la pàtria de Virgili,
com Byroii va morir en la de Homèro.
No es morta, nó, la Itàlia. Ja realsan
los seus fills son valor. Perduda joya,
volen avuy la llibertat que cosalsan.
Adalit de Saboya,
^qué fas en ton palau ? j Los morts ja s' alsan !
(1), Víctor Hiigf.
— 519 —
^No veus eixos criisals ? i Qué mès espèras ?
«NouGodofredo, — l'cridan ja, — ^ qué fera?»
Portals, pues, a Milan baix las bandèras,
que Milan es avuy Jerusalem .
Los dias sòn arribats
que anuncian las profecías.
Porta d Milan tos soldats,
que lu èts lo promès Messías
per lo poble dels Uòinbarts.
Símbol del amor de Dèu,
perèll escullida joya,
sobre un pendó hi ha una creu....
i Vents de Itàlia, desplegueu
la creu roja de Sabó va !
Balagiiéb.
( Dedicada als bons patricis.)
Llansat de la cort ingrata,
ycscupit per tòt arreu,
temps ha qu' un paslòr recorre
de la Espanya los deserts.
Per sa cara acòngòixada,
sola platejats cabells,
corren arrugas profundas
— 520 —
mès de penas, <iuo de lènips.
Lo peu que calsa espardenya
tè un cert aire de discret,
^y qui sal) si la samarra
abriga un cor caballèr?
Fèt, segons sembla, joguina
de forts y contraris vents,
no lè repòs en cap banda,
en ningun llochest;i bè :
tan pròmte salta la serra,
tan pròmte baixa al torrent;
ja s' veu scnlat per las rocas,
ja en las rocas no s' hi veu;
are los ulls clava en terra,
are los encasta al cel :
la tomba busca en la una,
y en 1' altre mort ó remey.
No falta qui V tè per sabi,
ni tampoch qui per demèni,
qui com a un màrtir io busca,
qui lo fuig com a Lusbel.
Sota un salzer solitari
tè lo pobre son jassel,
que ab las aiguas dels seus ulls
ha fèt tendre y ploraner.
Abrassat ab son vert trònch,
com lo màrtir ab la creu,
certa tarde tenebrosa
d' una tempestat cruel,
ploran los dòs a porfía,
y ploran los dòs arreu :
— 524 —
r un ab Uagrimetas d' aigua,
r altre ab llagrimas de fel.
— No ploro, diu lo pastor,
perquè de tants amichs meus
no m' queda mès qu' un trist salzer
que reculli mos gemjchs;
no ploro tampoch la pompa
de la cort y sos festeixs
qu' en mi tan al viu retratan
aquest jas y aquestas pells ;
no ploro menys la memòria
de lo que deuria sèr,
si no desfèssen los homens
lo que fa V Omnipotent;
no ploro, no, la samarra
qu' en lloch de mantó vestesch,
ni lo gayato qu' empunyo
en lloch de bastó de rèys ;
no ploro, en fi, las injurias,
ni la misèria en que ra' veitg,
ni la pèrdua d' una esposa,
ni la fam dels meus fillets,
ni r deshonor de mas fillas,
ni r garrot que m' han promès :
plant mès alt y mòlt mès digne
es lo que l' cor me parteix.
Ploro per ma cara prènda
qu' es mon ídol y mon sèr,
ploro per la meva mare,
ploro sempre, y ploraré ;
ploro, perquè abandonada
21
— 522 —
ú la mercè de mil vènls,
no tè pilot que la guie
en milg d' un naufragi cert,
ni sab la brúixula hòn para,
ni troba bons mariners,
ni coneix qui mal li vol,
nitampochquili vol bè.
Ploro, perquè de senyora
de dòs móns que arriba i sèr,
en r un seia desprecía,
en r altre se la escarneix,
y la bandera de glòria,
que may post lo sol vegé,
los estrangers li fan mofa
y trapiljan pe' Is' carrers.
Ploro, perquè la veilg llibre
en hermòs tros de paper,
mèntres gemega la pobre
lligada de mans y peus,
mèntres los fills que 1' adulan,
dantli noms que no sòn res,
la dèixan sens una joya,
y nua de pel a pel.
Oh mare, mare de penas !
Qué s' es fèt ton gran poder,
si en la terra no tens homcns,
si en la mar no tens baixòlls?
De qué t' val sèr soberana
y la taula de tos drets,
si no tens un fill que sapie
la taula de sos debers,
— 523 —
si en ta casa no pols víurer,
si en la estrangera mòlt menys,
si en aquella no tens crèdit,
y si en esta èts per demés?
La Monarquia t' despulla,
tremoles al» lo progrés,
y lo picot te socaba
de Prudliòn y de Cabél?
Ahòn sòn los teus Pelayos?
Qué tens de Colo' y Cortés?
Qué s' han fèt los fiels Gonzalos ?
Los bons Guzmans qué s' han fèt?
De tants fills que bè t' servian
ab son front y ab son contèll,
los que no ha mort la venjansa,
ploran com jo en lo desert,
i Qué pochs sòn los que t' estiman !
i Qué pochs los homens de pes !
La major part son fillastres
sense cor y sense fe :
trossos van fent del tèu mantó
com del de Christ' los jueus,
algunsper la sua codicia,
y tots per lo sèu poch seny.
Y plora r agricultura,
y gemega lo còrners,
y r indústria se ns' abrasa,
y r iglèsia se n' va al cel,
y lo poble, que esperaba
felicitats íí millèrs,
en mitg de somnis daurats
— 524 —
badalla de fam y set.
Qui poguèra, mare mia,
en tan critlch desconcert
trobar lo capdèll de Dédalo
per tr.iurer t' ;í camí dret,
per guarirte de tas llagas,
per renovar ton poder,
per reconquistar ta glòria,
per fèrte lo que pots sòr ! !
La sanch que corre en mas venas
seria un peiit present,
y mòlt mòs petit encare
d' un pastor 1' amor y zel ;
perquè no salva a la mare
de alguns fills lo cor sincer,
si los mès, per sa desgracia,
son venjatius y cruels.
Perdut perquè t' vcitg perduda,
sens forsas y sens habers,
no m' queda mòs que I' gayato
y lo cor que t' dono ab èll,
un cor que may goigs ni penas
han pogut fèr mentider,
may s' ha vengut al favor,
may ha temut al poder,
may ha volgut la venjansa ,
may ha adulat a son Rèy,
may ha trahita son Poble,
ni may s' ha obert als diners.
Ab est cor ple d' amarguras,
però de Uissòns també,
— 525 —
pren logayato, senyora,
si no vols relliscar mes.
No V pintan falsos bernissos,
ni r embòlican papers,
mès no l' torsan I' injuslicia,
las faldas, ni 1' interès ,
que, encare que, loscli de sobre,
no sie fusta del temps,
mès dur es que 1' mateix brònzo,
y flecsiblecuand convé.
Jove y vell en la desgracia
no tremola per cap vent,
ningú se V pren per sa ma,
sinó que I' dóna la Uèy:
ab las dos caras de Fano
niay ha jugat brut paper,
si vol guerra, diu que guerra,
si vol pau, pau diu també.
Gayato sempre d' olvit,
may de venjansa cruel,
al error sempre perdona,
del malvat may precindeix :
ba'culo dols per los bons,
bastó fort per los dolents,
plora cuand pega al rcbelde,
y riu si r veu penitent;
baculo per lo sant temple,
fora del cual no hi ha res,
y bastó per la canalla
que no tè Uèy ni tè Dèu ;
baculo per la ciència,
— 526 —
per r indústria y lo coiners,
y bastó pe' Is' que irafican
ab ta sanch y ab ton diner ;
bàculo per lo Dèu Marte
que ton nom y honor sosté,
y bastó, si lo sacrílech
may tas bandèras traheix ;
bdcuio per la Deèsa
que la juslicia manté,
y bastó per son ministre
si en pul)lic!i encant la ven ;
b.lculo pera la imprènta
que vol llibre l'pensament,
y bastó per la malvada
si llibertina s' vol fòr :
baculo per lo bon súbdit
que al Gobern sempre obeeix,
y bastó per lo rebelde
que no tè ni vol gobern ;
baculo, en fi, per tòt home
que s' aculli baix ton vel,
bastó per. dins y per fora
contra 1* que ataque tos drets.
En aquest cor y gayalo
tens, mare, dòs amich fiels,
tens lo bon cor de Minèrva,
y lo gayato de Dòu ;
si valor has per alsarlo,
dlsal bè y de bona fe,
que si contònl veu lo poble
bras y cor al mateix temps.
— 527 —
s' hi abrassaran amigas
las engrunyadas serpents,
y deixaran sa nialicia,
y despullaran sas pells,
y prenent alas de Fènix
que renaix de sí malèix,
daran honor .i la mare,
y a sos fills glòria y plahèr;
la llibertat ser.i santa,
la felicitat un fèt,
la gran bandera temuda,
y florits arts y còrners,
are t' cinyes la corona,
are t' poses rèt vermell (1).
Plorem entretant, mon s.ílzer,
plorem los dòs, sí, plorem ,
tu ab tas llagrimetas d' aigua,
yjo ablas mias de fel ;
tu, perquè trobas ta ditxa,
jo, perquè may la tindré ;
tu deixaràs lo tèu plant,
jo no r deixaré may mès.—
Aixis deia 1' bon pastor,
mèntres en fort plant desfet
lo retrato de sa pàtria
tenialí son cor estret.
(1) Ab eixa expressió no entén lo aatór fer ia apologia de nia-
{nn gobern en particular, si solament indicar la idea de que tots
los gobernsEòn estats y poden ser bons, sent bons també los go-
bernants, las lleys y los costums.
— 528 —
Los ays que ab son plor llensaba
conmovian 1* univers,
y l'eco de sa amargura
rodaba lo firmament ;
las rocas se mitgparliaD,
piuaban los aucèllels,
fins enternidas las fèras
volian Ileparli 1' peu.
Tòtse rendia ú son plant,
y tòt ploraba ú sa veu ;
mès lo pobret no capia
que predicaba en desert !
Pons t dk Füsteb.
A LA RIERA DE CORNET.
PROP DE MANRESA.
Ab los palòns de 1' aurora,
cuan tòt recobra sa vida,
y lo sol obra d bon hora "
la flor trista y encongida,
del vèntet la brisa sana
juga ab tas aiguas d' olor.
Corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del mèu cor.
— 529 —
La posturèra ciiareta
se rènta en tos cristalls bells ;
.1 prop tèu, sobre 1' hèrbeta
s' adormen també Is' aucèlls,
y a la nil V hermòsa Diana
se jau en ton llit de flor.
Corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del meu cor.
En tas ayguas cristallinas
las flors s' lii poden mirar,
cuan las tórtolas vehinas
hi venen a refrescar;
tu règas la canya vana,
com règas lo présec d' or.
Corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del meu cor.
May ton bressol ha infectat
de la cort 1' ayre dolent,
ni may las guerras lurbat
ta platejada corrent,
raèntres la locura humana
nos fa ttemòlnr de pòr.
Corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del mèu cor.
Loshomens de aquestas serras
bons germans tòis volen sèr,
y s' matan sovint ab guerras
per son gran Dèu, lo diner,
que al pobrissó mort de gana
may I' ha buscat lo rencòr.
Corre, corre per la plana.
— 530 —
rièreta del mèu cor.
En èxaplor.iira serra
no podem trobar la ditxa,
perquè Dèii posà en la terra
per r home int^rat la desditxa;
sols en la ribera ufana
tòt es goig de bo .1 mülòr.
Corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del mèu cor.
L' amor en nostre cor obra
un sol dia, un y no mès,
que apenas son llibre s' obra,
se r tanca per un maymès.
Ja que com a dols demana
lo que al fi serà dolor,
corre, corre per la plana,
rièreta del mèu cor.
En ta tranquila frescura
no escòltas mès que armonía,
lo tèu cel es la verdura,
y la molsa ta ambrosia;
rodant ta vora galana*
lo papelló t' fa 1' nmòr.
Corre, córrc per la plana,
rièreta del mèu cor.
Ay ! riera de dòlsura,
si un dia en tasaiguas beu
la qu' es, per ma desventura,
blanca y freda com la nèii,
diga i abans .i l' ingrata
que tu consolas mon plor.
— 531 —
Corre, corre, oygua de plata,
córrc, riiiet del mèu cor.
POKS T DE FUSTEB.
( A mon amich lo pintor M. )
Temps ha que t' espèraba
fonèntme d' impacient :
qui espera desespera,
això tulio saps mòlt bè.
Agafa, donchs, la senda
y anem a gosar prest.
La primavera aguaita
y r cel esta seré :
pera córrer mòntanyas
are es lo millor temps,
pus mentre l' camp verdeja,
los cims guardan la nèu.
Si r gel d' ells nos aparta,
al pla ns' en baixarem :
si fa caló' en la plana,
cap dalt hi haurà vent fresc.
Prepara ta cartera,
tos llapis y papers.
— 552 —
y r cor lambé prepara,
pus, de enlussiasme ple,
;i dòIl vessarà prompte
inspiracions del cel.
Al peu del Tibi-dabo
fa una hora que t' espòr' :
pujém prèsi d la punta :
per ella comensém.
Veuràs córrer dos rius,
com corren dòs serpents,
yen mitgdel un y l' altre,
jaguda d nostres peus,
la eslensa Barcelona,
cuberia per un vel,
que r sol pel' mig esquinsa
cuant ja elevat se veu.
Mira alia /i las espatllas
tòt aislaty esbelt,
y, com joguina liermòsa
que d' ornament serveix,
com mostra sos pin<iculs
lo Montserrat inmens.
Observa all.i entre boiras
quina montanya s' veu :
ab sa blancura sembla
un cisne gè^antesch.
No tardarem .i anarhi.
Per rai n' es lo Mònseny
la terra somniada,
lo paradís complert
qu' artistas y poetas
— 555 —
se fòrman en la ment.
La punta n' es nevada,
lo vall frondós y vert,
per tòl aigua que salta,
per tòt r eco se sent,
per tòt se descubreixen
cops-d'-ull, per hòn se pert
la vista ènlre arboredas
de grossos castanèrs,
per entre Is' cuals refilan
infinitat d' aucèlls.
Allí conexeras
si estònior que, ab diners,
se n' va a Suissa per véurre
lo qu' en sa casa lè.
Aneu, riclis, a Suissa :
jo m' en vindré .1 Mònseny.
Si t' plauen las cascadas,
pintor, anar podrem
també a la inès hermòsa,
mes grossa que s' coneix ;
a San Miquel del Fay,
hòn salta un riu inraens,
formant, entre mòntanyas,
un Has d' aigua corrent.
Allí no treguis, no,
cartera ni pinzells,
pus tanta maravella
nos' pot copiar bè,
ni hi ha pintors que pugnen
pintar lo qu' allí s' veu.
— 554 —
Tòtfèut estàs partidas,
veurds cuant trobarem !
iglesias bisanlinas,
abandonats teinplets,
cuals murs 1' cura atrevida,
com un mantell, cubreix ;
mil gótichs monasiirs
en llochs los mès amens,
mostrant, entre sis ruinas,
del art lo mèrit cert.
Ripoll y San Cugat,
la joya del Vallés,
ser.1n, si m' has de crgurer,
los que escullim primers.
Per cualsevol cantó
qu' enfilis, amicli meu,
podríís trobar bellòsas
hòn contemplar podrem.
No m' parlis de Cardona,
qu'es joya sense preu.
Cuant prop de sas mònlanyas
arribis, veuràs bè
que es la naturalesa
r artista mès perfet,
qu' allí n' es la matèria
objecte y motllo a un lèmps.
Demana lo que vulguis
a aquell salat taller,
columnas, archs, cimboris
imatjes de tots sers,
arbustos, vasos, llantias
— 555 —
per la salina fets.
Ananlne capaFransa,
també pujar podrem
dalt delas Guillerías,
qu' heroich teatro es,
palau tòt fèt de rocas
y laberint inmens,
hòn se troban gran salas,
planas com lo palmell,
rodadas de turons
com igualats merlels.
Allí no cal que pintis,
allí jo cantaré
los triunfos gloriosos
tinguts en altre temps,
cuant dèsde sas alturas
xafaren al francès.
TJn goigbèn al contrari
serà, si may anem
a visitar las planas
inmensas del Urgell.
Allí no veuràs rocas,
tan sols veuràs lo cel,
qu' en 1' horissó s' ajunta
ab lo sembrat estès
com una igual catifa
del un al aUre estrem.
Après veurem íí Llèyda,
veurem a Balaguer,
recorts de guerras tristas,
recorts de fèt? cruels,
— 536 —
de prínceps sens fortuna
per defensar los drets!
Tornant per Tarragona
cuant visitar podrem !
En la capital rònega
veur.'ís qiié hermòsos rèsts!
Comènsan ja en la via
que ú ella dirigeix.
Per sota 1' arc de Barà
hem' de passar primor,
deixant dels Scipiòns
la torre a unestrem.
Après, entrant ú dintre,
veur.ls per tòt arreu
memorias mès que antigas
per plassas y carrers.
Aquí parets romanas,
allí monuments celis,
y líipidas y frisos
non vulguis allí mes.
Pecat fóra allí sènlhi,
no anar també ;í la Seu,
à contemplar goijòsos
lo "mèrit qu' ofereix.
Veurem allí i don Jaume,
que Dèu salvar volgué,
fins mort, de entre Is' altres
qu' en pols foren desfets.
Llàstima que no I' guardi
un llit mès propi d' èll !
Partint de Tarragona,
— 557 —
de pas visitarem
lo pont de las Ferrèras,
que pasma .i aquell qui V veu,
y mèscuant surt lo sol
que r mostra trasparènt.
Descubrirém ja pròmte
lo campanar de Reus,
pilar que al raig del camp
s' alsa orgullós y dret,
y que, absa llarga sòmbra,
r agulla n' apareix
que marca en un rellotje
de sol la hora qu' es.
Tirant desprès amunt,
nos atraur.i Poblet;
mès ay ! ^qué hi hem' de véurer
ni en èll ni eu Santas Greus?
Buscant per entre pèdras
que remourà lo peu,
pot sèr que tan sols óssos
croxits descubrirém !
Allí, si m' has de créurer,
amich pintor, val mès
no anarhi cuant lo sol
ne brilla al mig del cel,
pus que veuriam massa,
y al cor no li convé.
Serà millor, si t' sembla,
triar un temps esprès,
cuant fassi lluna clara,
cuant xiuli un poch lo vent,
22
— 358 —
a r hora en que las ólibas
ne surten de cubert.
Llavors serà :í propòsit:
axí lo mal intern
veurem tan sols íí bulto ;
axí menos desRit
nos semblard I' mausóleo
y sos adornos bells,
y én ilusió fantàstica
gosant r enteniment,
veurà passar las sòmbras
d' aquells magnànims rèys,
qu'allí tranquils jagueren,
fins que la mà cruel
de pobles mès que b.irbaros,
(que tuy jo conexem, )
iniciïs los trossejaren.
Mal haja qui Is' fa bè !
Los trossos de columnas,
de arcadas los fracmènts
nos semblaran estatuas
ab mantos fins als peus ;
se ns' figuraran lòmbas
en terra Is' capitells,
y r ferro que s' desgafa
tòt tort, al ulls pot sèr
se ns' presentar;! cczacte
com lo fort bras d' un rèy,
lo bras del ròy En Pere,
del rèy del Punyalet ;
y fins veurem corònas
>- 559 —
mirant als esbarzers,
qu' en sas parets tant creixen
com la mina creix.
Mirant tal espectacle
fera en lo bosch lo vent
humanas veus qu' imitin
los cants d' un altre tèraps,
y r òliba ab sos jiscles
farà Is' reals gemèchs.
Oh, sí! veuriís la lluna
com nos consola bè,
com entremitg del mal
nos dóna un goig inmens.
Abans que l' sol ne surti
d' allí ns' en tornarem,
y a Prades sens demora
farem lo camí dret.
Veurem allí Is' altars,
que solen dir la gent
parlant de sa mòntanya,
y altars sèmblan a fe,
pus escarpada y dreta
per tòlas parts se veu,
y costa tant pujarhi,
y ab tant perill s' enpren,
que a cada pas s' en troba
clavada alguna creu,
recort sant, però trist
d' algun desgraciat fèt.
Per això dehien antes,
y es un proverbi vell.
_ 5-ÍO —
« A Prddes niay hi vages
si no lio has menester. »
Ditxòsos si r retaule
del temple s' conservés,
hon hi \\à tals mnravelias,
([uc solen dir també
que, cuant mès temps se mira,
mòs novetat s' hi veu.
Si anem cap a Ciurana,
preparat, pintor, bè,
que, anant per la mònlanya,
cuanl l' ho pensarà's menys,
veuràs un precipici
íí vora dels lòus peus,
ahòn la ferradura
encare s' hi coneix
del caball d' una reina
que lo saltrf lleuger.
Per fi de tanta cosa,
y de admiració plens,
cansats de pujar serras,
de pérdrer nits y lèmps,
però, sempre ab la enveja
de retornarhi prest,
pervéurer nostres fills
sentint ja un viu anhel,
a casa tornarémsen ;
mès, antes del regrès,
la última visita
convé que Is' dòs faem,
que anem a Montserrat,
— 541 —
y que ns' postrem als peus
de la Verge morena
qu' alegra Is' pits dels fièls.
De allí, sí, que, pintor,
no t' vull parlar de res,
pus poch favoriria
ni al lloch, ni a tu mateix,
cuant tot lo mòn admira,
y sab lo que es aquell,
y cuant tu saps, amicli,
lo que Montserrat es.
Anem, donclís, sens tardansa,
anémsen, amich, prest.
Al geni dels passats
un homenalje fém.
Vejíim lo mòn del art,
vejara l'obra deDèu,
y, ab la Naturalesa,
al home, sí, admirem.
Dèu fassi que, al tornar,
portem salut y pler.
Anem a las mòntanyas,
anem al camp, anem !
BoFAniJr.1.
— 542
(balada).
(En l' dlbumde donya Dolors Galaup.)
i Qué liermòsa que es, oh ninas, la costa catalana
mostrant en nit de lluna sas Ijortas y sas flors,
veyènt com en sas plaljas se romp 1' òna galana
de perlas incruslada, prenyada de rumors !
Oh costa catalana, ribèras deliciòsas,
pobladas de planuras, de flors y de rosers,
mesclant, entre las brisas que passan rumòròsas,
del mar ab los aròmas l' incens del taronjèrs.
Oh costa de ma terra, per mi font de dòlsura,
; qué nits tinch jo passadas sèntat en tos esculls,
foragitant alegre mas horas de amargura,
per tos espays immensos al passejar mos ulls !
Tas platjas me recordan las nits embalsamadas
que al pit dònaban forsa y al pensament soport...
Recorts tristos y dòlsos, flors ; ay ! ja desfulladas,
seréü, mentres jo visca, la vida del mèu cor.
Èra una nit. Jo miraba
las clarasònas del mar,
recordant los mariners,
que, ajegutssòta dels pals,
la claror del alba espèran
per véurer hòn sòn sos llars,
— 545 —
al dibuxarse atrevidas ,
en lo pur vel del espay,
las enmarletaJas crestas
del liistórich Montserrat.
—A ballar, ninas, digué
una veu a mos costats,
la nit es fresca y hermòsa,
com hermòsa nit de maig. —
Y à la llum de las teyèras,
que reflectia lo mar,
ab aplauso de las ninas
improvisaren un ball.
Una n'hi habia.... j qué hermòsa!
tota vestida de blanch,
en sos cabells una flor,
en sa cintura un Has blau.
Lo blancor de lo sèu front
èra de escuma de mar:
cada Ham de sa mirada
valia tot un serrall.
Èra un angelet del cel,
y a cada volta del vals,
com un colom fugitiu
joia miraba passar.
Per dònarli un bes d' amor
un rèy hauria donat
sos vassalls y sa corona,
sos tresors, y sos palaus.
i Qué hermòsa la noya blanca !
i Qué hermòsa en la nit de maig,
al voltejar per la platja
— 544 —
èntre las alas del vals,
donant, per jugar, al aire
llassos blaus y vestit blancli !
i Ay ! Y ballaba, ballaba,
ballabasèns descansar,
y la nit èra mòlt fresca,
y no paraba lo ball,
y lo vent del Nort venia
rasant las aiguas del mar.
Ja r sol cubria la lerra
ab sòn rich mantell daurat,
y per la platja rodaban
or fòs las ònas del mar.
Jo la arena passejaba,
a la noya recordant,
la nineta de la nit
tota vestida deblanch,
cuant una veu me digué,
sonant trista als meus costats :
— ^No sabsquí ha morlèix matí,
del sol .i lo primer raig?
La nina, la noya blanca,
la que ahí ballaba V vals. —
(Ay! èra morta, èra raorla,
morta la nina del vall,
la que per un bes d' amor
podia à un rèy demanar
sos vassalls y sa corona,
sos tresors y sos palaus !
La enterraren a la nit,
tota vestida de blanch;
— 545 —
en sos cabells una flor,
en sa cintura un Has blau.
Vestidela per la festa
la baixaren al fossar.
Sota un síílzer la enterraren
à la nineta del vall ;
sota r Síilzer de la costa
las «willis» la trobaran.
Oh costa catalana, ribèras deliciòsas,
pobladas de planuras de flors y de rosers,
mesclant, entre las brisas que passan rumòròsas,
del mar ab los aròmas 1' incens dels taronjèrs.
Tas platjas me recordan las nits embalsamadas
que al pit dònaban forsa y al pensament soport.
Recorts tristos y dòLsos, flors jay ! ja desfuUadas,
sereu, mèntresjo visca, la vida del nièu cor.
Balaguer.
Horas tè 1' cor que, en soledat hermòsa,
rebuU en mil dòlsuras ;
en qae, tancats los ulls, lo cap se gosa,
(1) Se compongué esta poesia cuani Barcelona se preparaba
pera fer la ceremonia de recepció de las cendras de Capmany, que
Tingueren de Cadiz.
— 546 —
buscant recorts de palrias avenluras.
Axis ú mospesars consol dònaba
la memòria de un dia,
en que per lòtFavencia se admiraba,
cuant sènlo que mon front un vent feria,
Estènch llavors ma vista <1 nostres terras
y a las olas galanas,
y sento prest 1' olor de nostras serras,
y la frescor de platjes catalanas.
iQuésera?oh!ja ho veig: are consento,
perquè en temps avisada,
ma anima se omplia de contònto,
gosantse sols en glòria ja passada.
De ma pàtria vè 1' goig que are en rai obra,
pus ella es que m' convida,
per véurer a Barcino com recobra
i un sabi fill que mòlt la estima en vida.
No hi fallaré! y si en mon dòis presagi
un plant fort jo sentia,
guardarlo vull perquè a son peu se n' vagi,
cuant lo saludi la persona mia.
Capmany! Capmany! ton nom abgust pregona
qui t' dóna y qui t' espera :
tols per ta sòmbra fan una corona
entretexida ab flors de Espanya entera.
Permet en ton arribo, oh sòmbra amada,
que t' rendesqui homenatje,
mostrant lo que sentí, cuant avisada
fòu la nova a mon front, de ton vialje.
Tu èts lo dit que nostra rica historia
guiares per salvaria.
— 547 —
a ton pais honrant ab una glòria,
que enveja 1' estranjèr al contemplaria.
Tu has fèt saber lo que Barcino èra
en sas arts sempre ufana,
los triunfos que guanya nostra bandera,
y r poder de la llengua catalana.
Tu, imitant los exemples que trobares
de nostra independència,
alia enCadiz ta veu ab foch alsares,
cridant : guerra a la gdl-lica llicencia !
Per axó no èts tan sols un car objecte
de la gent catalana ;
èts un iman de universal afecte,
un monument etern de glòria hispana.
Mèntres t' espero, en ilusiòns estranyas,
crech véurer reviseu da
de mil castells la sòmbra en las mòntanyas,
que t' aguayten per véurer ta vinguda.
Yal mitj del mar també m' figuro alsadas,
heralts sent en ta via,
las galeras, de glòria carregadas,
que Aragó en sos combats enfonza' un dia.
Corre, donchs, corre ! mès no tardes ! vína,
que ma ilusió m' exalta,
y t' vull cantar. Qu' èts prop ja vaticina
bè lo mèu cor, pus que de goig me salta.
Mès ay ! Podré cumplir, si jau ma lira
abandonada en 1' aïri de la historia ?
Oh ! sí ! pus qu' es ta sòmbra qui m' inspira :
pronunciaré Capmany, y tindré glòria.
liOFARULL.
— 518 —
A lA llENGUA CATALANA.
Sota del vòU Pirinéu,
la raòntanya de dòs caras,
que .í Fransa ab la de nèu mira,
y ab la de mel .i la Espanya ;
en la vall dels rossinyols,
de las fonletas geladas,
de las ribas de gra d' or,
y dels formatjeisde plaïa;
trista viu una j)astòra
tant modesta com galana,
que si no s' veu perseguida,
casi plora abandonada.
Encara que porta rèt,
y la espardenyeta calsa,
ablo gipóde vellut,
y la veta .i mitja cama,
no li faltan bons vestits,
nigracias tampoch li faltan,
ni Is' recorts d' amidis fiéls,
ni r amor de las mòntanyas.
No es de las que per son tall
al primer cop d' ull agradan,
però penetrantli al pit,
bèn coneguda y tractada,
niès que galana pastora,
es una dama qu' encanta.
D' un mateix bressol eixils.
— 549 —
la estimo inès que jermana,
y abella vaitg .i passeitg,
y ab ella passo las tardas,
rient del liome infelis
las polílicas patranyas,
y plorant d' ulls y de cor
las desgracias de la Pàtria.
Encara que per lo mòn
corre valguda sa fama,
si bè per mòlts deprimida,
si bè de pochs ensalsada,
may vol dirme lo sèu nom
per mès esforsos que fassa,
no sè si de avergònyida,
ó de massa recatada.
ün dia qu' estabam sols,
contemplant una cascada
qu' èntremitg de sas escumas
tira brillants en lloch d' aigua;
mèntres mirabam a Deu
en lo sol que n' aixugaba
las Ucigrimas de sa filla,
que, de dolor ó de ganas,
n' habia Uansat un riu
en aquella matinada ;
repetintli mos desitgs,
mon amor, y mas pregarias,
me dispensa carinyòsa
eixa dòlsa confiansa.
—Per mès que m' vejes pastora
sobre una roca sèntada,
— 350 —
ab mocadòret íil cap
y la fandilleta blava,
encara tinch los vestits
de cuan de senyora anaba,
los pergamins de còmptessa,
y mantó de sòberana.
De mòlts sempre pretenguda,
de ningú may trepitjada,
la noblesa m' oscribia,
los poelas me canlaban,
me predicaban los bisbes,
y na* respeclaban los papàs.
Los richs-homs, que de algun temps
sembla que m' giran la cara,
merendian los genolls
y las mòvas mans besaban;
y jo firmaba las paus,
y llèys èran mas paraulas,
y per mi manaba 1' rèy,
y ab mi dònaba embaixadas,
y en lòt y per tòt me deian
la reina de la comarca.
Axis passaban los temps,
y axis centurias passaban,
fins un dia que, no sè
si per ma sort ó desgracia,
la mia amistat volgué
una hermòsa castellana,
pura com un serà fi,
tendra com infantils Ihígrimas,
noble com la cort del rèy,
— 55Í —
y dòlsa com melmelada.
Cuberta de grans tresors,
de magestat y elegància,
a la llum dels seus brillants,
coronada de esmeraldas,
la estrenyí, mès qu' en mos brassos,
en mas fogòsas entranyas ;
y allí li doní patòns,
allí r omplí d'abrassadas,
allí reina per llarg temps
la princesa de las gracias.
Mès ay! pobreta de mi!
i Que jo llavors no pensaba
vingués un dia també,
{corn ha vingut pla bè massa)
queab negras ingratiluts
me pagas las abrassadas,
me robas los meus amors,
me deixas tota eclipsada,
y íí forsa de mil afronts
me portas a la mònlanya.
— Perdona, bella pastora,
si, interrompent las desgracias,
una pregunta t' fa 1' cor
per eixir de pena y ànsia.
Ser.i cert que vulgas dir
ab tas paraulas amargas
que en la cort dels Berenguèrs
goberna una Castellana ?
— No m' queixo, pastor, d' axó,
ja queDèu axis ho mana.
— 352 —
y qu' ènlre damas rivals
sempre guanya la mès giiapa ;
mòsjaque alabanlla ab gust,
y besantla sòberana,
veitg que sempre fiiitg de mi,
y m' tracta coirt a vasalla,
me desterra de sa cort,
y no m' vol en las grans salas,
y fins en publichs consells
me priva de la paraula,
6 per matarme íí pesars,
ó perquè moria afròntada,
es per só, lo bon pastor,
que m' trobas aquí sentada,
ab mocadoret al cap
y la fandillela blava ;
y ja que anyèllets pastura
la que un dia mana escuadras,
no vulgas saber lo nom
de la reina abandonada.
—Quant mès abatuda i' veil^',
mès de saberlio tinch ganas,
que encara que aniicli pastor
y ab la cabellera blanca,
sembla que m' dóna lo cor
tm crit de nobla venjansa,
al véurer fills y vassalls
que axí abandònan ta causa.
— Mòlt cert es que ab mos tresor*
podrian bè defensaria,
i mès tu no sabs lo que pot
— 555 —
la hermosura castellana !
Per ella mòlts m' han deixat
com a tòntay malgirbada;
unsmeparlan ab disgust,
altres ab la cara baixa,
y alguns pochs que de fidels
sempre m' protèstan ab cartas,
me motejan tòt sovint,
y lo que mès sento encara,
me posan noms que no linch,
y galasenmatllevadas,
sent axis que de las mèvas
ne tinch prou, si bè las gastan.
Sols del fabril Llobregat
en las voras enramadas
canta pura, alt yjoyòsa
una dolcíssima gaita
de mos vassalls lo poder,
dels meus fills nobles hassanyas,
la dòlsura de ma veu,
y r valor de mas plòmadas.
i Oh ! gaylèr que t' tinch al cor!
i Oh ! bon gaytèret de V anima !
Content sempre ab mon amor
y ab la corona que t' guarda,
Dèu te doni imitadors
com ja crech qu' algun n' aguaita.
—Retira, hermòsa, la veu
que d' amor se t' ha escapada,
perquè si are no fa mòlt
sentia crits de venjansa,
23
— 534 —
veitg que V jelós cscorsó
rosegant va mas entranyas,
ja que sens forsas ni veu, *
ni ab la ajuda de la gaita, 'i
no puch sèr lo tèu amant,
ni cantar tas alabansas.
— No serias dels primers
que dama y corona guanyan,
si traballa ab zel lo cor,
y la voluntat no falta;
perquè mòlt fa aquell que vol,
y mòlt podi lo qui dcsraaya ;
mes tòt bo fan cor y zel v
cuan los dos ab gust traballan. ^
— Si los cants surten del cor,
y lo zel fa la tonada,
ab la voluntat que t' tincb
podria dircosas altas;
^mès com cantarà un paslòr
si no lè veu ni lè flauta, '
que casi no pol xiular,
ni sab fèr sonà' ura canya?
No veus gelats mos cabells ?
— Jo te n' daré d' or y plata.
— Y si vull entra' en torneiig?
— T' armaré d' espasa y llansa.
— Y si parlar tinch al Rèy?
— Pren lo mèu respecte y gràcia.
— Y si tòt això no es prou ?
— Aquí lèns tòtas inasgalas.
—Alia vaig, donchs, gran senyora.
— 555 —
all.1 vaig ple d' esperansas,
ja que ab tas joyas me n' duch
las nou uiusas replegadas.
Incansable trompetèr,
vaig a publicar la fama,
del Tordera fins al Cinca,
dèsde la serra a la platja,
per lo salat Cardener
y la cèquia nianresana,
que de tos antichs brillants
porta la llum ea sas aiguas. (i)
Y fins que veja per tot
las glorias reconquistadfis,
no tornaré satisfet
à besar las tèvas plantas.
— Mès no abans que plèyt homatje
me jures com es usansa,
y deu fèr tòt caballèr
cuant pelea entre dòs damas
que li daran mil pesars,
si la mort antes no 1' dalla.
Conegut tinch ton valor,
y sè la teva constància ;
mès en tòt lance y perill,
en torneitg y en gran batalla,
me juras sèrme fidel?
(1) La ciutat de Manresa sufrí un entredit per rahó de sa cè-
quia, quecesà ab la vinguda de tras iluuisque, partint de Montser-
rat, se posaren en lo convent del Carme, ahòn se venera com à
miracle.
— 536 —
— T' hojur per Dèu y tacarà.
— Y si un dia t' veus trahit ?
— Per só brilla aquesta espasa.
— Ysi la batalla ports? •
— Ningú véns la teva llansa.
— Y sila justícia l' pren?
— Jo tinch segura ta gràcia.
— Y si l' mofan pe'ls' carrers?
— Son massa hermòsas tas galas.
— Y si la gràcia no l' val,
ni la espasa, ni la llansa,
y l' encanta en son palau
\2ihomcSL castellana?
— Humil li besaré 1' peu, "
y fidel seré à ma dama .
— A Dèu, pus, bon caballèr.
— A Dèu, còmptessa bisarra.
— ÈU coròne ton valor. ' '
— Y tu lo front de qui l' ama.—
Dos boras fèya que V cor
y lo mèucaball trotaban,
no sè si tras de la glòria,
6 perquè tras la dèixaba,
cuand al sentiment agu'l
d' una mòlt forta cspuelada,
grupas girà tòt rodó
y me tornd ala cascada,
ahòn encara la trobo
que sasUagrimas rèntaba.
—Perdó, li dich, pel' caball,
si r caballèr no I' alcansa,
— 557 —
tornant ab ànsia als teus peus
per la joya que li falla,
si vols sia bèn rebut
deia caballèra banda.
Guant ènlre en noble torneitg,
ó surta de gran batalla,
^a qui darè lo mèu cor,
y la corona guanyada?
íQuin nom tindrà mon escut?
i Qui serií la meva dama?
— Si lo nom has menester
de la Reina abandonada,
digas qu' èts lo paladí
de la llengua catalana.
Pons T dk Fustek.
A SALOU.
Com en lo prat se jau 1' ordi
al pes de la pedregada,
als cops de ma sort airada
cau mon cap sobre mon pit,
y en lo abatiment que m' postra,
olvidant lo que m' rodeja,
per antichs móns se passeja
llibre mon pur esperit.
— 558 —
Llavors, en aquestos horas
de dòlsa melancolia,
present veu V anima mia
tòt cuant en altre tèinps fòu,
y m' porian estàs memorias,
que ingrat nostre segle olvida,
devantma vista atordida
iguay ! ta grandesa, Salou.
Llavors los brins descubrexo
de ta corona de glòria,
que hermòsejan de ta historia
las pajinas sens igual,
que èts lo vergèr aliòn floriren
las llavors que 1' Orient cria,
per fòr de la Espanya un dia
nou paraís terrenal.
Veig de Tubal la fanoilia,
mès que en barcas en canòas,
à Dèu enviant u)il lòas,
à tas platjas arribar;
porció escullida de un poble,
que, 4 impuls de la ma divina,
parteix la mar argentina
y vè la Espanya ;i poblar. *
Veig las flotas enramadas
de repúblicas altivas
y lliberals, que captivas
fan d las altras nacions,
— 359 —
y mès que això veig encare,
los procónsuls cobdicioses,
los generals valeròsos,
y Is' Cessars y Is' Scipiòns.
Y en la platja y ta pedrera
mos ulls fragments descubreixen
de épichs cants, en que s' Ileigeixen
los fets de aqueix poble brau,
que tanca tota la terra
desa íiliga dins las alas,
y avuy perdudas sas galas,
rèy destronat, es esclau.
Escolto las tristas quèixas
de las ònas solitarias,
las misteriòsas pregarias
ab que canta V mar tos dols,
cuant, vensut lo roma imperi
per la host d' Atilafèra,
ni una nao vè a ta ribera,
que abans poblabaa estols.
Veig com parteixes tas penas
ab la ciutat de Tiberi,
y com ella V cautiveri
sufreixes de estranya gent,
<jue en va pretén envejosa,
ocultar vostre noblesa,
los llòrs de vostra grandesa
altiva espargint al vent.
— 560 —
Mès també miro com t' alsas,
Salou, y olvidant tas penas,
teatro fas tas arenas
de espectacles sorprendènts,
cuant reculls I' host valeròsa
que En Jaume à Mallorca envia,
ab que '1 poder desafia
dels serrahins insolents ;
Cuant ja los cants anticipa
de la victorià esperada,
ta mar, que brama agitada
per los desfets temporals,
que dels elements en guerra
sols la robusta armonia
veus que pregonar podia
d' En Jaume Is' fets inmortals.
Y miro tristas com grònxan
las ònas la nao que un dia
degué portar d Almeria
cònt ninetas de Bagd,
(jue preu del rescat de un noble
tenen que fèr sa honra pura,
perquè la luxúria impura
ho vol de un ròy mahometd.
Y un jorn que brill.1 mès que altres
detras la tempestat fera,
un vol veig en ta ribera
de colòmas com hi van,
— 561 —
que colòmas mòlt bè sèmblan
per puras y per senzillas,
las que hermosísimas fillas
sòn del marqués de Almasan.
Y contemplo èntremitj de èllas,
als cors portant la alegria,
al jocós Vicents García,
al cantor sempre festiu,
que mèntres que trist arrastra
de pesars llarga cadena,
porta per cubrir sa pena
una careta que riu.
Avuy has perdut lo ceptre
de ta grandesa passada :
ta corona esta trencada,
esqueixat tens ton mantell,
que ton port are visita,
enlloch de flotas famòsas,
en las nits tempesluòsas
solitari algun vaixell.
Avuy com abans no escòltas
dels mariners la alegria,
las naos fan pel' mar sa via,
y nos' recordan de tu,
los trobadors ja no t' cantan,
ni Is' capitans te enalteixen,
ni tos fets se refereixen,
olvidats ja, per ningú.
— 562 —
Tan sols dislrau ta tristesa,
y lo tèu dolor mitiga,
lo dols amor de una amiga
pera tu sòmpre mès viu,
lo araòr que Keus te professa,
y que l' demostra gojòsa,
cuant corre .i ta platja hermòsa
las tardes tòtas de estiu.
Tardes, Dèu mèu, de bullici,
que avuy que I* cap me blanqueja,
las recordo ab pura enveja
dels que n' poden disfrutar,
de los que, joves encare,
sense recorls dels que matan,
perla nina que idolatran
fandelsèu cor un altar.
Salou, Salou, acontentat
ab estàs tardes dilxòsas,
en que sèmblan mès liermòsas
las tendres ninasde Reus,
cuan, embullada la trena,
nereydas mòlt mès que donas,
en la escuma de tas ònas
vénen a renlarse Is' peus.
Acontentat ab las citas
y ab los recorts que en to dèixan,
y ab los suspirs ab que esquèixaa
r aire que bufa del mar;
— 563 —
y si això no t' acontenta,
pensa que tal volta un dia,
lo temps de ta nombradía
tornarà V mòn a admirar.
Que mèntres que de ma pàtria
no t' falte la amistat pura,
pots somiar ab la ventura
que recordas ab suspirs,
que naos mercants dura encara
al nou mòn, y si hi híi guerra,
vindran a atronar la terra
de altra balandra los tirs.
Gius.
UN SOMNI.
(Composició dirigida à moD amicli L. )
Ahunt se vulla tenen hèch las ocàs.
Befrà de la llèngaa catalana.
Los raigs ardents del sol de agost rostian
las tendras fullas del fniitèrs frondosos,
y mústigas las flors dels prats vistosos
ni mica de fragància despedian.
— 564 —
Ni esfors per móurer las caigudas alas
dins de las ramas rap aucèll tenia ;
sos bèchs eslaban muls, y sols se oia
lo tan molest zicli zich de las cigalas.
Un baf ingrat dels recremals rostolls
pujaba ja, y lo ambient sufocant feya;
ni un cuch arrossegant per teira s' veya,
y bullian los tèrbols aiguamolls;
tíuant, cab al fondo de un torrent dellèrme
de Llivia, un jove de estatura brava,
moll de suor, assedegat, baixaba,
ferit del dèu cèguet, que inay va inerme.
Crusaba una escopeta sas espatUas,
cubertas de una prima blusa roja;
de son pulit sarró, fel de íiloja,
pènjaban dòs perdius y cuatre guatllas.
Propel de un bosch, cullint timó y berbena,
sentia sa tardansa certa nova :
sas galtas Oran rosas de una loya,
y una rotllana d' or sa rossa trena.
Jamay Murillo ab son pinzell diví
logrà donar, en lo mès viu transport
de son ingeni, brillantor tan focl,
tan dols misteri als ulls de un querubí.
Mòlt fíicil èra péndrer per poncèlla
de encès clavell que s' va badant, sos llabis,
propensos à llansar aquells agravis
que mès avivan 1' abrasant centella.
Un cosset ;igil de color de pansa,
i sa cintura esbelta pintat queya,
la que com tendre jònch vinclarses' veya
— 565 —
si s' movia al compàs de airosa dansa.
Ja ovira al cassadòr ; la inquieta cinta
del pit revela 1' balimènt del cor;
baixa la vista a terra, y lo rubor
de púrpura sa bella cara tinta.
Arriba V jove ; embadalit la mira,
s' assenta ab ella en una garba de ordi,
y un ofegat suspir serveix de exordi
à aquesta arenga que 1' amor li inspira:
— Preciosa perla, si de lluny poguèsses
llegir r angustia que mon cor rosega,
quant mon colze ab lo tèu brasset no frega,
no crech que entranyas de foguèr tinguèsses.
^No veus esta grogòr de mon semblant,
estàs nllèras, estos ulls mitj morts?
Sòn las resultas dels tormènts tan forts
que passo cada nit per tu vetllant.
iPer qué jamay per ta brunyida galta
rodola ni una llàgrima sisquèra?
^Qué val que tingas lo pamet de cera,
si tens de cèr Ió cor, la pitjor falta?
Desplega, pues, tos fins corals, liermòsa,
pària, decreta, y dónam' esperansa. —
Y aquí ella, ja enternida, se abalansa
perdarli V primer bes, però no gosa.
Y de seguida la mòsseta trònya
se grata I' coll, y, ab un graciós sonrís
torcènt lo cap, exclama : — Mon Lluís,
tota tremolo... jo me n' dòn' vergonya. —
Arrebatat de goig òll, sens espay,
brillant sos ulls com dos vermellas brasas.
— 366 —
se llansa cego .i arreplegar lasbasas
del joch que pensa haber guanyat, inès ; ay!
Que un bras robust, eixit de la malesa,
ab tanta forsa pel' clatell lo arrapa,
que ja li sembla que I' estreny la grapa
de un òs difòrme, desitjós de presa.
Un rac de dents y un esbufech d T hora
son tímpano han rascat, y tòt seguit,
com tro espantós de tempestat de nit,
ressona pel' torrent est crit : jTraidòra!
La tendra noya, :i qui un mortal esgla j| ligsll
de un cop dissipa tan sabròs deliri,
blanca se torna prompte com un lliri,
y sobre 1' herba cau en fort desmay.
Glassat de pòr lo ardent amant, la cara
gira, y veu pasmat la ràbia impresa
en la fatxa de un rústich, que la encesa
vista clavada en ella manté encara.
De un brinco s' desfà de ell com de una palla;
la lluènta fulla de un punyal prèsl nota;
agarra ab fúria sa escopeta, vota,
alsa las barras llest, y... ; ahur, batalla!
Que, despertantme a temps, vegi ab no pocas
ganas de ríurer que éra somni va,
al pas que m' recordí de aquell refrà :
« Ahòut se vuUa lènen bèch las ocàs. »
— 567
(A una Doya malalta.)
^ Saps que vol dir eixa maró qu' ombrívola
crèix dins ton cor, y tremolo y desfici,
oh noya, t' fa patir?
L' ofech qu' escursa tas voladas d' àliga,
r angunia greu que glassa ton judici
^saps lu que volen dir?...
^No es cert, oh verge, qu' en la nit cuand sópitas
las gents s' adormen y ton prech distraurer
no poden llurs sorolls,
d' un viu fatich vensuda per la carrega,
dèixas deprèssa l' llit y vens íi caurer
en terra de genolls?...
^No es cert qu'.í voUas de coèntas llagrimas
trobant omplerts los ulls rogenchs que s' mouhen
sens aclucarse may,
surts a palpèntas de la cambra rònega,
cercant en las congòixas que t' commouhen
remeys à ton esglay?
Yls' remeys trigan ! D' aquest mòn las térbolas
corrents se n' duhen ab sos bulls y òiiadas
la pau de ton esprit.
;Res no preveus, sentint la xuta y 1' òliba
que, roèntres velllas, cridan amagadas
en lo teulat humit?
— 3«8 —
i Ay ! prou entens aquèixas veus feréstegas :
bè saps que l' jorn de ton breu fi s' acosta,
puig Deu ja ho lè resolt.
Bè ho fas conèixer, cuand si t' diem «ino témigas»
Rius ab tristor y' ns dònas per resposta,
— Ja no puch víurer mòlt! —
Qu' èts tu un capoll mustiat abans de rómprerse.
Èts un aucèll a qui en son niu ofega
r arsura del estiu....
i Pobra ponsèlla de las fullas mústigas !
i Trist moxó que abrusat son coll doblega
ans de sortir del niu!
lY farà Dòu que tan aviat tu mórigas,
tu qu' encara Is' amors en ta edat tendra
compéndrer no has pogut ?
^Faraqu' arribin tants afanys a pérdrerse,
tos plors sens aixugar, y s' tornin cendra
los somnis qu' has tingut?
Sí que ho farà; mès gens de greu no t' sàpiga.
Rialla de consol nasqui altra volta
en tos llabis de neu,
perquè del cos trencant la closca brévola,
gust millor trobaràs y ditxa mòlta ^
dins lo regne de Deu.
Aixeca r front, puig tu no deus abiítrerlo,
y de prompte esqueixant boiras y bròmas,
ulla r diví palau;
— 369 —
lo lloch veuràs qu' en miig sa cort lluidíssima
Dèu t' ha apariat ab tous coixins de plònias,
com dols bressol de pau.
Bèo hajis tu queia malura y trapola
fugint dels hómens, conduhiras llaugèra
ta nau lliscòsa a port;
y lluny del mòn y sa ferèsa rústiga,
en una font beuràs, font falaguera
del mès suau conort.
^Pots voler mès? Cauràs com cau I' alfàbrega
pel' vent batuda, com 1' alosa en I' arbre
que Is' Hams ban desbrancat:
mès sens vincle l'esprit també ha de véurerse;
sisquèra quedi 1' cos blanch com lo marbre,
com lo marbre gelat.
Llavors, cuand pujis ja per' sèrneíncola,
fèt ton derrèr badall, ahòn goig sens terme
tindràs, guany d' aquest dol,
ab planis l' anyorarém d' ànimas órfenas
ym' vindrà 1' víurer mès enuig a fèrme,
captiu vehèntme y sol.
Roca.
U
— 370 —
(Poesia que I' aulòr dedica à son bon amich
D. Saltador Estrada.)
Es ja cap <i la vesprada,
vesprada de un jorn de mars:
núvols corren |)er lo cel,
del cel amagant lo blau,
y sòn núvols que amenassan,
amenassan tempestat.
Ja lòt pren un color trist,
color tris mòntnnyn y pla,
que la negror de las serras,
de las serras baixa als camps,
y r vent passa per la plana,
per la plana desbridal,
los arbres mès corpulents,
mès corpulents fènl vinclar.
Una noya v;i corrent,
corrònl a través la vall;
perlas destil-lan sos ulls,
sos ulls cansats de plorar.
Troba la noya un pastor,
un pastor ab son ramat
que deprèssa v.i fugint,
fugint de la tempestat.
—Moreneta del Masnou,
moreneta, Dèu te guart.
;Ahòn vas per aquest camí.
— 571 —
per aquest camí tan tari?
— Digaume, bon pastoret,
pastoret lo del ramat,
^n' hauriau vist ma corona,
corona de lliris blanchs,
que he perdut a nit passada,
à nit passada en lo ball?
—Sí que la he vist, moreneta,
raoreneta, Deu te guart.
La porlaba un caballèr,
caballèr que he vist passar,
penjadeta de la sella,
de la sella delcaball.
Moreneta del Masnou,
iay! iay! j ay!
Fulla caiguda del arbre,
ja al arbre no pot tornar.
— Bon pastoret, aixís Dèu,
Dèu vos guarde de tòt mal,
com me digau cap ahòn,
cap ahòn I' heu' vist marxar.
— Riera amunt y tòt deprèssa
tòt deprèssa se n' ha anat,
clavant l' esperó en lo ventre,
en lo ventre del caball. —
Y la noya riera amunt,
riera amunt va caminant.
Ja-n' arriba prop del riu,
prop del riu arriba ja,
y allí troba a un pescador,
ú un pescador assentat.
— 572 —
— Bon pescador, aixís Dèu,
Dèu vos guarde de lòt mal,
in' habeu vist a un caballèr,
caballèrensoncaball,
que por(aba ma corona,
corona de lliris blanchs?
— Sí que r he vist, moreneta,
raorenela, Dèu te guart.
Al passar vora del riu,
vora del riu se ha parat,
y r he vist que ta corona,
corona de lliris blanchs?
ha despenjat de la sella,
de la sella del caball,
y tòt rient òll à 1' aigua,
èll a r aigua la ha tirat.
— ^Nom' diriau, pescador,
pescador, per caritat,
com podria ma corona,
ma corona recobrar?
— Ja se r ha emportada 1' aigua,
r aigua del riu cap avall.
Cosa que cau en lo riu,
lo riu la porta a la mar.
Moreneta del Masnou,
iayia}! jay!
Fulla caiguda del arbre,
ja al arbre no pot tornar.
— Malehitlo caballèr,
lo caballèr deslleal,
que me ha robat ma corona,
— 575 —
ma corona sens pietat.
Al saberho, mare meva,
iraare meva! ploraràs,
perquè als brassos de mon pare,
de mon pare respectat,
jo no puch sens ma corona,
sens ma corona tornar. —
Yla noya s' llansa al riu,
al riu, que va rodolant,
y las aiguas se la emportan,
se la emportan riu avall.
Cosa que cau en lo riu,
lo riu la porta a la mar.
Fulla caiguda del arbre,
ja al arbre no pot tornar.
Moreneta del Masnou,
iay! jay! jay!
BiLACnÍR.
(mallorquí.)
Mare mèua, mare mèua,
en el mòn no tinch conhort,
iquí m' tornarà 1' alegria,
r alegria de mon cor?
Tèmps^ passat, cuant la tristesa
m' aufegava ab dol de mort,
per consol tenia Ikígrimas,
are m' falta aquest consol.
— 574 —
Temps passat de V esperansa
1' ^ngel .1 aixugar mos plors
venia en els uys besantine,
venia ab l' amor del cor.
Avuy no V veig à mon àngel,
mon sol d' amor ja s' ha post...
mare mèua, mare mèua,
tench mon cor lòl ple de dol.
L' espay cubert de tenebra
veig que m' senyala dissort...
i perquè t' aturas, ma vida,
si he d' anar sempre tòt sol?
Mort feriàta, mort ferèsia
per qui en el mòn viu ab goig,
no m' girasavuy s' espatla,
mirem de cara y de prop...
Mare mèua, mare mèua
perquè ploran per mon dol?...
per aixugar nostras llngrimas
haurd alegria mon cor!...
AaiR.
I tk SENIOIRETA R. J.
(míixorqdí.)
Trenta anys de penas ha sigut ma vida
Bregant ab la tristesa de mon dol,
— 375 —
Y avuy niirantme ab iiys d' amor t' he vista
Com si ja may hagués de v'íure' sol.
Mon cor esta lòt ple de ton imatge
Miranlme ab uys d' amor com m' has mirat,
Amor mèu de mon cor, jo espèr' que sempre
Me guaiti així ton cor enamorat.
Ma juventut passada m' sèmble un sómit
De mort, de que m' despert per respira',
Mon cor en mitx del aire de la vida
Ja no tèm la dissort de 1' endemà.
La vida avuy per mi de nou comènsa.
Trenca l'auba d' un dia ple de llum.
Veig axecarse 1' mòn de las tenèbras,
Sent d' una verge creació 1' perfum.
Veig devant mi 1' Eternitat que s' obre
Plena de goig d' amor perquè tu hi èts
Niguls de pena que mon cor cubriau,
Anau pel' sol de mon amor desfets!
Ambr.
A LA CONSAGRACIÓ
DEL
Bisbe de Canarias.
Encare de ternura
Llcigrimas dòlsas de mos ulls caigudas
— 376 —
Baixan al cor, que dupta en sa ventura
Si dels ulls ó del cel ne son vingudas :
Encare remogudas
Als fervoroses cants que Dèu inspira,
De aniòr muUan també santa cadira,
No del tòt convensudas
Si la ma del amicli que jo estrenyia
Es la ma del Ungit que m' beneía.
iNo èra duple del cor! I^-
Èra r dalé mateix ab que besaba «^
En la amorosa m.i lo anèU de honor
Que del pobre l' socors m' asseguraba :
Èra perquè locaba
En la sagrada m.i, fa poch ungida,
Lo bon cor del Pastor que dona vida
Al remat que ploraba
La mort d' altre Pastor que salvo V treia
De las garras del llop, que sang li feia.
i Sentiu la veu sonora,
Que en lo temple de Siòn roda sagrada?
Es la del Sant Esprit que un Lluch implora
Per prònda de la fe que tè probada :
Es la veu desitjada
De santa caritat que d tols nos jura ;
Es la veu del sèu cor, la flama pura.
Que en èll sempre avivada,
Y en bressol innocent felis nascuda,
Serà la llum de pau, sempre volguda.
jlslas afortunadas!
Mès fortunadas vuy, que 1' altre dia.
Ja que podeu besar las trapitjadas
— 577 —
Del sagrat humil peu qu' es vostra guia ;
Canteu santas baladas,
Mèntres plorant estich la despedida
Del venerat Paslòr que Y cel ja crida
A vostras enramadas:
Oh ! sí, canteu ; que sols en vostra ditxa
Tè sa pàtria 1' consol de tal desditxa.
Pons t de Fostéi.
(Ed 1' (ilbam de mon estimat condeixeble D. Joseph Anloa
Baímaoya.) l
Set anys hi ha que la Ciència, formant ditxòsos
llassos,
fèu de cincuanla jóvens un circul de germans.
Sèt anys hi ha que igual via segueixen nostres passos :
sèt anys que en dòlsa estreta s' uneixen nostras mans.
Sí. Com germans quedarem aixís que en lo col-
legi
d* una tendència sola nudrirem tòtsT ardor.
Y aixís vivim encara sèos que minvat se vegi
del primitiu carinyo lo venturós tresor.
Y es d' admirar? Juntantmos en las matèixas
aulas ;
— 578 -
d' uns professors mateixos oint plegats la veu ;
saborejant <1 una y en las matèixas laulas
lo pa d' aquell estudi qu' al home l' fa mitg DèiJ.
I Podiam no estimarnos ? Janiay : lo temps que vola
en cada jorn feu créixer d' est vincle lo poder,
y r lleis ab que ns' unirem al frecuentar 1' escola
un nus estret es are que ja no s' pol desfer.
Mès prop se troba 1' dia en que fortuna airada
per sempre Is' uns dels' altres allunyarà als amichs :
y suspendrem, dònantmos la última abrassada,
V intimitat que es filla de vincles tan amichs.
Desprès i lòts nosaltres ;quí sap lo que ns' espera
ni quin camí hem' de péndrer ni ahòn hem' de fèr
cap !
j Pot sèr caurem sens forsas en u)itg de la carrera,
sens que arribar a terme poguem ! Sols Dèu ho sap!
Coín fullas dispersadas pel' vent jquina espargida
hi haurà dels condeixèbles per varietat de llochs!
mòlts en ciutats grandiòsas buscant inquiets la vida ;
de regiments y armadas seguint lo curs no pochs;
Alguns — com tu — ab la flama d' un enlusiasuae
noble,
llansantse <i llunyas terras en voladora nau ;
altres — com jo — reclosos en un racó de poble,
ab Dèu y la familia vivint en santa pau ;
— 379 —
Y en tot arreu sol•lícits, hòn fassi un remey falta,
de nostra mare-ciencia portantmos com bons fills,
socors tindrà en nosaltres I' humanitat malalta,
desafiant contagis, desatenent perills.
Mès per això en lo fondo del cor sempre indelebles
guardar sabrem, en proba de verdadèrs companys,
1' amor y la memòria dels jòvens condeixèbles
ab qui plegats visquérem, visquérem sí, set anys.
Al menys de mi t' ho juro. D' Amèrica als paissos
anàrten' vols en busca d' anomenada y sori :
jo m' quedo aquí, mès sigan funestos ó felissos
mos jorns, may en la vida perdré lo tèu recort.
Un dia si ac.is lòrnas íí visitar 1' Espanya
y l'buf de sort inquieta a Llèyda t' condueix,
vine mon pit a estrènyer, vine sens pòr, Balmanya,
podríís llavors conèixer que sempre sò I' mateix.
Boca.
LO PENITENT.
(A )
Un dia Monljouich per lo fexuch aplech
de sos antichs dolors rompent sa última roca,
— 380 —
de sa glassada boca
exhalaba un inraens y fúnebre geraèch.
Qual si fòs lo lamènl d' una mortal ferida
que la anguslia no pot totalment arrancar,
lo vell volia cridar
y lo dol à la veu destorbaba la eKida.
Mès com tòl sentiment lo mitigan los plors,
íí la fi, tremolant, sortí un trencat accent,
com crit de penitent,
quan tòrnan del pecat los farèstechs recorts.
— Oh renegat de rai ! clamaba lo caduc;
botxí desaforat de mas propias entranyas,
que conto mas hassanyas
sols per lo mal que faig, y que fèr bè do puch !
Oh, mal haja 1' malvat que de mon sort priraèr
m' ha, sens remordiment, desnaturalisat,
y tres cops mès malvat,
puig d' un siti diví 1' infern ne volgué fèr!
íFavencia mal parada, esclava, qui l' diria
quan devota pujant nia costa dura y seca,
com lo turch .i la Meca,
de galas respiandènt y de santa alegria,
venias a implorar mercès d' un dèu fictici
dins ma volta, que d' or esmaltada lluia;
ay trista ! qui t' diria
— 384 —
que hauria jo de sèr ton negre precipici ?
Véurerton ull lan viu me sembla, ques' complau
contemplant ab quant brava y digna raagnitut
mon front pareix segut
sobre lo movil fluix de ton hermòs mar blau ;
quan arè, si per cas se trova en mi clavat,
al véurer ma troncra à son pit apuntada,
d' ira tota exaltada,
ab concentrada veu diu dins del cor: Malvat !
Lo Jove de Scipió, de Cèsar, d' Hamilcar,
lo Jehova potent de Salomó l' inmens,
entre núbols d' incens
tronaren per llarchs anys en mon brillant altar.
Per los ànguls retorts de ma nao sumptuosa
cantichs de glòria santa y fervent ressonaban,
y los cors s' inflamaban
sols de divino amor, font de calma gojòsa.
Y are...yare... oh vergonya! tant vilment trocat
me miro a tots moments, il-lota mercenari,
íèt rabiós incendiari
del sèr de ma substància, ab tal pompa elevat.
Per disculpar tan vil, tan execrable error,
r amor propi vol dir, perquè en èll tòt mal grilla,
que de ma trista filla
me trobo are eresit en valent defensor.
— 582 —
Defensor! y quan, donchs, mon zel 1' ha defensada?
fòii contra 1' Sarrahí que, durant setanta anys,
la tingué en sospafanys
ab ferro, foch y sang vilment a garrotada ?
Fòu en la etat mitjana, hòn, sens cor ni valia,
mudant d' amo y senyor, presa sempre y represa
per la forsa ó sorpresa,
de socòs mon esfors per ella res servia ?
Fòu en lo mes y un any que, sens algun descans,
ella fòu a Felip tan aspre y dura guerra,
que se n' qued.i la terra
sens fruit, sens goig ningú, sens honra y sense mans?
Fòu en fi, qoan lo Corsa, afectant proiecciíí
sordamènt ocupa ma funesta ironèra,
y clav<i sa bandera
sobre l' asta fatal de ma alta lòrre ?. . . ah, níJ ?
Oh! fòu, sí, sempre, sempre quan vingué lo cas
de llansarli ab furor argòllas odiòsas
y llamas espantòsas,
y son solar hermòs deixarlo sec y ras.
Per fèr al despotisme un triunfo brillant,
y son impuls matar per noblellibertat,
llavors jo he defensat
ma filla? Nó, nó, may: sò n* V eneraich mès gran !
Oh quan lo dia ditxòs ser^ que deslliurada
. — 585 —
de mon feròs domini y de mos adherents,
lluny de ma garfia y dènls,
podrà' als* impulsos seus permetrer lliura entrada?
Estenènlse llavors fièra y majestuosa,
son cèrcol agrandat fèrtil sempre y pompós,
Llobregat y Besos
veuria sèrpejar dins son ària radiòsa ;
y jo íí temple tornat, tal com un dia fiu,
temple d' indústria, d* arts, y de virtut corona,
fóra de Barcelona
lo talam mes brillant, raès radiòs, mès viu.
Pronostich forlunat que mos dols abalansa !
Y mèntres tant ^qué Is' resta à mos cruels dolors?
ay! sols rèstan los plors,
bàlsam amarg y cru de tan dòlsa esperansa. —
Cessa' aquí lo lament, y la mòntanya tota
un terremoto sort y Uarch fèu retronar,
y se sentí la mar
per sas ònadas dir lo dol que tenia sota.
Dèsde llavors, Passant, si ascòltas algun dia
de las rocas sortir un jiscle que t' acora,
es lo caduc que plora...
í*lany son fat desastrós... prega y ab Deu confia.
GlR0NELL4.
— 584 —
A Bil^ MARE Y k UN &I)IICH.
De esta vida la mar enérgich recorrent,
mòlt cruas tempestats han assotat ma nau;
comènso ú flaquejar, amichs, ab Dèu siau!
Casi sempre he tingut contraria la corrent.
Si dols es navegar ab permanent bonansa
bèn lluny de lòl escull per las movònts plannras,
en temporal seguit la mar sols te amargaràs,
y ja de millor temps no linch gran esperansa.
A respirar me n' vaig los aires de raòntanya
que refrescan lo esprit y calèntan lo cor :
bàlsam no he conegut que calme mon dolor
com lo suau parfum dels pins del la Cerdanya.
Plaume serras amunt anar pel' Pirinéu
fins alia ahòn fan niu las aligas potents,
ahòn se veuen clars dels rius los naixements,
ahòn lo escèptic fret llansason dubte y creu.
Ahòn veig Canigó, Puig-mal y Puig-peric,
aquest frontòrejant ab terra degviscòns :
me acuden tants records y tantas tradicions
la mirada extènènt del un al altre pic !
Y es que aquestos alts cims casi iguals de nivell,
de un cataclisme antich evidents testimonis,
— 585 —
si ocupan als infants ab sabats y dimonis,
cosas mòlt mès formals diuhen a jove y vell.
Tè desde 1' cap de Creus al Finisterre escrita
en crestas y faldars la vasta cordillèra
de memorables fets sa historia verdadèra,
per honra del pais y I' poble que I' habita.
Mare, ciian èra noy, me parlabau de entradas
de exèrcits enemichs , de moros, de francesos:
lo fill vos escoltaba ab los ullets encesos,
de nostre llarch hivern en la^llargas vetlladas.
Los germanets.ab mi atents també escoltaban,
y així, mare, de vos bèn petiiets ja oirem
lo que mès endevant en llibres tots llegírem
cuantde historia y de fe lletrats nos ensenyaban.
Ditxòs es aquell fill que per mestre primer
la mare pót tenir de un cor tan generós ;
jo may he conegut mès noble sèr que vos ;
ho dich ab tòt orgull, ma mare es mon piaher.
He tractat en est mòn à homens ilusirats,
íísabis en tots rams, en arts de pau- y guerra ;
algun viatge he fèt per fora de ma terra
y fullejat volums dels mès acreditats;
Mès lo saber millor, oh mare venerada,
ab justícia ho dech dir, de vòs lo tincb rebut ;
sempre m' habeu donat exemples de virtut;
— 386 —
jamay de son camí vos he vist apartada.
Poch val lo lèll parlar sobre cosas de Deu,
si r cor esta replè de pobres vanitats,
poch val que un capità anime .i sos soldats,
si devant I' enemich desanimat se V veu.
Vòs en la adversitat sabeu mostrarvos forta
y no us' ensuperbiu per favors de fortuna ;
la ocasió de fèr bè vos par sempre oportuna,
car la cristiana fe may fònch en vòs fe morta.
Enemiga mortal de tota hipocressía,
vostre cor es lo llibre que mès estimat linch,
noblesa viva hi veig cuan prop de vòs jo vinch,
llibre ple de moral, de amor y poesia.
Tu que sabs dels humans los mès recòndits fins,
Senyor omnipotent ! perdónam las liansadas
que de esta mare al cor ingrat jo tinch clavadas:
a voltas alguns íills sòm pitjors que Cains!
De ma mare al costat ja sempre mès vull víurer
y per sempre fugir de las brillants ciutats ;
tant de brugitno es bo per caps mòlt delicats,
ú mès que dèsde allí pót 1' amistat escríurer.
Víctor, me tens promès venir à ma cabana
cuan r oreneta vè que hi nia en un reco :
podnís véurer Capsir, Conflent y Rosselló,
y junts recorrerem la conca ceretana.
— 587 —
Allí caminaràs per tan sagradas valls
com sagrada es per tots la vall asturiana :
bè sab també com jo ta musa catalana
que allí abundan records dels mès nobles treballs ;
Que allí hi ha' puras fonts de glòria y patriotisme;
que allí 1' aigua dels rius murmura independència ;
que allí se feren forts, negant la obediència
al invasor alarb, guerrers plens de heroisme;
Que allí boscos y ports y rocas y colinas,
torrentèras, toròns, lòt te faríi memòria
dels lleons catalans que obtingueren victorià,
intrépits batallant contra gents sarrahinas.
Vína y, Conflent avall, seguint del Tet la vora,
t' ensenyaré Ri.i, nom que t' farà estremir,
y a la dreta deixant I' umbrívol Vallespir,
entrarem en Ria per meditar una hora.
Y veurem si en Ria trobam un anticuari
que sapia que per temps allí un gran caballèr
tingué son fort castell, y fòu Wifred Primer,
•dels soldats del Koran alerradòr contrari.
Y allí ferém los dòs pregaria fervorosa
demanant al Etern que ns' dò lo sagrat foch
de que estigué animat lo senyor d' aquell llocb
contra los enemichs de nostra pàtria hermòsa.
Mès, prest voldra's fugir de allí, bon trobador ;
— 388 —
la veu del vell Wifred le semblar;í que sènls
y ab lo de imperi diu : «Jove, aquí perquè vèosT
«Essènl cronista tu, no t' infundeix rubor?
« Venir a visitar mos primitius dominis,
« ahòn es estranger un fill de Barcelona?
«Bèn pròinpie fuig deaquí, Conflènlprèsi abandona:
'( te prego que may mès per estàs parts caminis.
«Sòn terras per mon bras en altre lèmps guanyadas:
«Dèu sab si n' hi calgué d' escampamènt de sanch !
« sanch meva y de mos braus, mès un gobern de
« fanch
^ are fa doscèr.ts anys las ha desaraparadas.
« Aqi'í devant esta de l'osselló la plana,
<■< com sèuiprc de hermòsura esta lòla radiant;
«(tants combats que costa, quéseha fètèix diamant?
« caigut n' es igualment de la corona hispana. »
Víctor, tu sentiràs una veu pareguda
à la que jo te dich, donanlle pena doble,
nostra llengua pensar com parla esl mateix poble
desprès de tant de temps que la terra es perduda. .
Qué hi farem, pobre amich ! dura es la sort dels
fílls
de axiquidas nacions que un dia foren grans,
que tinguí ren bons rèys, llustres capitans,
guanyadors de rèalmes y amadors de perills.
— 389 —
Pero, poch valen plors ; y toca als palriotas
predicar fe, treball, y constància y honor,
ressorts los mòs vitals per dar ver esplendor
y libres liomens fer de tants remats de il-lotas.
Ja deus estar tu fèt .i tota desventura,
puig tant has meditat baix 1' arbre de la Creu ;
cantor de Montserrat, celebra al Pirinéu,
que no tot seran crits de dol y de trislura.
De glòria hi aura accents. Si vènsíi estàs mòntanyas,
un home encare fort nos servirà de guia,
sab bé tols los camins, de nit tant com de dia,
y ab èll visitarem las pastorils cabanyas.
L' home que jo t' vull dir, senzill y bondadós,
es mon pare estimat, que sufrint si vaig sol
als fragbsos deserts, es per èll un consol,
cuant vaig .1 selvajar, qu' anem sempre los dòs.
Mon pare es arbre vell pe' Is' vents mòlt combatut,
no obstant, encare a peu jornada fa seguida ;
r aire del Pirinéu allarga, es cert, la vida,
pero la allarga mès 1' aire de la virtut.
Allí, Víctor, veuràs d' aigua inmensascòncadas,
deposits naturals per aliment dels rius,
• estanys mayaixugats per los ardents estius,
y de lleugers isarts veurem també manadas.
A dalt dels Alps, amich, te semblarà queestigiies:
— 590 —
hi ha congèstas de nèii y llampas grans de gel,
silenci, majeslat, esplendidíssim cel ;
tòt le mourà .í pensar : vína bèn llest, no trigues.
Bòcas te ensenyaré de volcans apagats,
titànics pedregals de granit lo niès fort,
plantas per la salut y plantas per la mort,
que lo mal y lo bè per tòt estan mesclats.
• Del glòbo pensar.isen los sacudimènts,
que també tò los seus com las nacions humanas :
així cisnes llatins, ab frases soberanas,
li han dat un esperit ó sia una gran mtna (1) .
Estgiobo encara tò las entranyas calèntas,
y si s' v;i refredant, es cert mòlt lentament:
allí de lòias parts veuràs acudir gènl,
que va a curar sos mals en vivas fonts bullèntas.
Sobre algun roch senlal ó bò sobre V herbeta,
d' Andorra en los alts pics los ulls fixar podràs;
Víctor, segur eslich que saludar voldràs
las hislóricas valls de la Republiqueta.
Si lo anarhi te plau, passar pols per Carol,
altre vall que tampoch es areja de Espanya,
es vall de riènts prats com tants ne tò Cerdanya,
en lo bell temps llorits y amals del rossinyol.
(1) Spiritus iníus alií, totamque infüsa per arlus
mensagilal mókm, el magno se eórpore múce/. — Vibcili.
— 59Í —
Are parlan de límits ; veuràs si es bèn estrany
que lo angost de Carol sia terra estrangera ;
sembla mès aviat que es terra presonera,
com altres, però avuy... pertany aqui pertany.
En ella fònch nascut un ínclit publicista,
òliba, del qui veig per nostres escriptors,
que èra pe' Is' catalans lo príncep dels doctors :
tractà del dret del fisc com eminent jurista.
Cosas hi ha en lo mòn que arrancan ays del cor!
si un Òliba en sa vall are de nou sortis,
apendria a llegir en llengua de Paris,
lo que tant afligeix íí un laietà cantor. (1)
Y fóra del oracle en políiich saber (2)
lo que en astronomia ha sigut de Aragó :
de rassa catalana nascut en Rosselló,
de sa glòria tan gran lo gal n' es heretèr.
Se diu si CarlloGran, l' home dels pars de Fransa,
atravesant est vall son nom ja li donà,
com se conta igualment que per Andorra entrà
son fill Lluis venint à nostra desUiuransa.
Si Dumas te ha lentat à fèrla guerra al òs,
(i) Alusió al discurs sobre la llengua catalana compost per
mon amicli D. Antoni de Bofarull.
(2) Antoni Oliba ó Oliban nasqué en lo lloch de Porta, en lo
Tall de Caro! ó Querol, com escrihuen altres. Sasobras foren publi-
cadas à principis del sigle xrii.
— 592 —
en selvas d' andorrans encara viu tal fera :
es fiícil projectar lo plan de esta cassèra,
plaer mòlt seductor, si bè que perillós.
Mira si tindrà camp ta rica fantasia !
vibrant de ton llaui las cordas per sí solas,
accents dards al vent tu que pe' Is' espais vòlas
del patriotisme sant, de la alta poesia.
Dèsde lo mateix punt del que ú Andorra veurem,
6 del peu de una font, que n' hi h.i .i centenars,
veuràs puntas de mònls del comtat de Pallars,
y de ton adalil ensemps platicarém.
Estigueres, amicli, per cert bèn inspirat
cuant pensares cantar al compte valerós ;
ton Amor à la pàtria es lo joyèll preciós
que jo miro ab mès goig en ton front laureal.
Aquell Hugo Kogèr, que per sos compatricis
estats y sanch don.i, heroic lluminar,
per fi troba un cantor dispost ií celebrar
son nobilíssim pit, sos rares sacrificis.
Per las selvas errant ab T'animo ocupat,
encontrarém també venerats santuaris,
casi lòts de la Verge, y en llochs tan solitaris
plauen los sants alberchs al home fatigat.
Refugis seculars, de independència temples
són los monts Pirineus; cada roca es aliar.
— 593 —
en que la pàtria fe quiscun pót avivar,
dels avis recordant los inmortals exemples.
De las Verges del P]rm las plícidas capèllas
per mi sagraris sòn de aquells temples tan grans;
de Espanya y Fransa junts hi pregan catalans,
en lo mateix parlar de las edats ja vèllas.
Dèu é idiÍMna iguals sòn ; puja un perpinyaiés,
y .1 la Mare y al FUI invoca en català,
llengua del mallorquí, llengua del valencià',
parlant en suma tots com lo barcelonès.
Guant del campanaret a la hora vespertina
per tòt lo bosch sagrat van espargintse Is' sons,
també ferém los dòs las nostras oracions,
y en la capella entrant, direm : Salve Regina !
Pobre del qui no sab I' orar cuant fortifica !
Treguéu del cel a Dèu, de tenèbras y horrors
la pàtria s' cubrira, y, espavorit llavors,
fins Robespierre dirà : tan sols Dèu vivifica!
Anant per aquells colls un mati bèn seré,
pót sèr descubrirém, dèsde un punt elevat,
los dòs gegants centrals, Montseny y Montserrat :
devant sos capsab gust també m' inclinaré.
Cuan del anyoramènt lo fret sentis venir,
ó cregas que la sang tens prou oxigenada.
— 394 —
te n' tornaràs avall, al pou aiire vegada,
a exprémer lo cervell... per promptamènt morir.
CüTCHET.
2 GUAL ES TA PÀTRIA TROBADOR?
( DBDICADA A UN AMICB. )
SONETO.
Son cel es blau, son mar es transparent,
cent rius amplíssims murmurant la mullan,
jamay sas serras del verdó' s' despullan,
ni r sol li nega I' sèu esguart ïiènl ;
mònis lè que, altius, tocant lo firmament,
la nèu del cel en lo sèu fròn^ recuilan,
torrents furiosos qu' entre rocas buUan
llensant la espuma en sa febril corrent;
son aire es pur, las selvas perfu.uadas
al pla li envian sa esquisida olor ;
sa fama es gran, sas gestes celebradas,
y Is' ulls de sas ninetas plens d' amor ;
fa per armas de sang cuatre ditadas ;
son nom son nom escrit esl;i en mon cor.
Blanch.
— 593 —
A LA MEMÒRIA DEL INCLIT RÉY
Àb motiu de la trasladació de sos rèstos al sump-
tuós sepulcre construit en la iglèsia catedral de
Tarragona (1).
SOXETO.
Augustas cendras que en sepulcre digne
prop de sis sigles en Poblet jagueren,
^cóm mudas se quedaren cuant reberen
lo escarni cruel de un populatgc indigne?
^Cóm los forts brassos de eix guerrer insigne
rail micas als sacrílegos no feren,
al vandalos moderns que en poch tingueren
al rèy mès brau, raès just y mès benigne?
Recobren son repòs en regia tomba,
ja reparada lal afrènta grave;
de nou la Fama, que sos fels esbomba,
sobre sa llosa est e|iitafi grabe :
«Son geni fèu vasalla íí la Fortuna,
y son alé entela a la Mitja Lluna.»
Estrada.
(1) En la anterior poesia del Sr. Estrada, titulada UN
SOMNI, en lo vers que coménsa « Un cosset 051/ » (pag. 564 ) me
prengué la llibertat de suslituir aquest adjectiu à la paraula móno
que antes hi habia posat 1' aulòr; mes, com cregués dit senyor
que jo no habia acertat en la sustitució, me crech també en lo
— 596 —
A FRANELIN.
SONKTO.
Naix ííliga Franklin, y sens tardansa
en alas de son geni sobrepuja
las altas eminencias, puja, puja,
y al sol, mirant de fit à fit, se atansa.
Ni à detenirlo un breu instant alcansa
sostre de núvols ja prenyals de pluja
de llamps, que 1' cel, cuant de repènt se enuja,
contra la terra espavordida llansa.
Dèu de son trono de diamant observa
la extrema audàcia de èix terrós de argila ;
y, com si li seinblns que ja se enerva !
sa omnipoiencia eternament iranquila, ^
solta per últim ú la mort, que brava
sas còrvas unglas en lo pit li clava.
EntADi.
deber de satisferlo, consignant en la primera composició «na qae
desprès de aquella se ha imprès, la deguda esmena, pera eo-
oeíxemeDt dels lectors.
_ 397 —
A MOiN ÍNTIM AMICH
DOti ÜIANÜEL ORTIZ DE LA VEGA,
ah motiu de la sensible mort de una filla sua de tres
a7iys de edat, esdevinguda lo dia primer de
febrer de 1859.
SO.NETO.
La calma, caramich, ton pitrecóbre:
ísca lo sol tras tempestat que brama :
ja al dols consol que 1' amistat derrama,
eixa porta embarrada pel' dol obre.
^De santa fortalesa ser.i pobre
lo lince filosop de extensa fama
que veu bèn clar que en lo mundà diorama
sols sembla negre lo dolor per sobre ?
Punxas tan sols en est trist vall tu veyas
cuant ton cor a la filla en va cridaba :
bermells los ulls de taüt plorar, tu seyas
junt a son llit, que blanch cendal tapaba...
Vetllar lo son etern de un àngel creyas,
jy est iíngel prop de Dèu volatejaba 1
ESTIUDA.
— 598 —
m GAÏALA SN L' ALTMA Ml MÜCÏÏ,
desprès de la heroica resistència fèla d las tròpax
francesos lo dia 14 de juny de 1808.
SO.VKTO.
Al cim d' un escarpat turd del Bruch
est.i un colrat y bèn fornit pagès,
la barretina de gairell, encès,
la manta al coll, y al bras un gros trabuch.
Contempla uf.í com lo gabaix feixuch
que acaba desufrir un nou revés,
ensenya los talons camps .i través
ab mès llestòsa que un isart porucli.
Remena 1' cap, y lòt mirant de tort,
al fi desplega ab un sonrís altiu
sos llabis, negres d' escapsar bèn fort
plüchs de cartutxos, Uansa un voto, y diu:
— Vínga En Botella ab tòt 1' exèrcit sèu :
pel' coll del Bruch tan sols hi passa Dèu.—
Estrada.
RELIGIÓ.
.oii^iocaH
> _ 40) —
A LA VIRGE DE MONTSERRAT.
Verge santa de amor, patrona raia,
dels pobres y afligits guarda y consol,
mès pura que la llum cuant naix lo dia,
raès hermòsa que 1' cel cuant surt lo sol;
tal com &e veu a 1' àliga orgullosa
en la roca mès alta fer lo cau,
tu la serra mès alta y mès hermòsa
vasescullir per fèrne tòn palau.
Reina dels cels, Mare de Dèu, perdona
si fins avuy no t' dediquí un recort:
sols cuant veu son vaixell presa de V òna,
buscan los ulls del navegant lo port ;
sols cuant se veu en la presó angustiòsa
sa llibertat recorda lo catiu ;
sols cuant la tempestat brama furiosa
r oreneta se acull dins lo sèu niu.
Jo vinch, com lo catiu entre cadenas,
un consol à buscar per mon dolor.
jLos plors mon front han arrugat! jLas penas
rae han ;Mare meva! rosegat lo cor!
Com soldat que, fugint à tota brida,
las armas va per lo camí Uansant,
axis jo pel' camí de aquesta vida
ú trossos lo mèu cor he anat deixant.
Verge de Montserrat, casta madona,
perla de las mòntanyas y dels cels.
— 40t —
ú qui is' àngels per fér una corona
arrancaren del cel un puny de estels;
ta grandesa, Senyora, no repare
si avuy te parla en calaix ma veu,
quel català es la llengua en que ma mare
lïie ensenya un jorn ix beneliir «i Dèu.
Ta imatge en los palaus y en las cabanyas
se veu, voltada d' or com un joyèll ;
tothom vol visitar èixas mòntanyas,
que son de tas espatllas lo mantell.
Ton nom invoca, ó santa Verge pura,
r orfe ferit de'pena y desconsol,
tòn nom la mare ensenya a la critura
cuant la adorm carinyòsa en lo bressol.
jCuan dols es lo tèu nom! Tota la terra
cants te eleva ab accent adolorit,
que ton nom es, ó Verge de la serra,
dels estranys y dels propis benehit.
Ton nom recordan, ciian lo vent estalla,
los qui perduts caminan per la mar;
ans de afilar son ferro en la batalla,
invocaba ton nom 1' almogavar.
Ton nom, un jorn, fòu lo esiandart de glòria
que de la glòria nos mostra V camí,
y fòu ton nom lo crit de la victorià
que en Nàpols aixeca Vilamarí.
(Hermòs èra aquell tèn»ps? Hermòs de veras!
cuan èra Catalunya una nació!
cuan, rèinas de la mar, nostras galeras
passejaban las barras de Aragó!
Cuan tu, Reina del pla y de las mòntanyas,
— 403 —
de genolls postrats veyas als teus peus
los rèys que, drets, ú cent nacions estranyas
postradas veyan de genolls als seus!
Y no es estrany que per ta honra y glòria
unesca dos recorts ab Has de amor,
que unida estd a la teva la sua historia
y escritas sòn las dòs en lletras d' or.
k fe que èran brillants los temps gloriosos
en que Is' Peres, los Jaumes, los Ramòns,
dictaban llèys, monarcas poderosos,
fins del remot Orient a las regions.
Mèntres Valencià y las Balears, salvadas,
se veyan llibres ja dels sarrahins,
lo pendó de las barras veneradas
veyan triunfar los mès remots confins.
Senyors del mar los catalans, a ratlla
tenir sabian lo enemich pendó,
y ni Is' peixos passaban si en sa espatlla
no portaban las armas de Aragó, (i)
Dels soldats catalans las allas proesas
èran tan claras com del sol la llum :
desfèyan las armadas gcnovesas
com prest dissipa 1' hurac.í lo fum.
Aterrada Venècia Is' contèmplaba,
Nàpols losdaba sòs jardins de flors,
la Calabria als seus peus se agenòllaba,
Sicilià Is' proclamaba sos senyors.
Lo almogavar a foch, .í sanch y a' ruínas
(1) Parauias de Roger de Lauriu.
— 404 —
entríí un dia 1' Orient abrasadòr:
contemplaren los tiirchs sas conciibinas
en los brassos folgar del vencedor.
Caigué Consianiinopla, caigué Atenas,
cuant sen tiren lo ferro despertar,
al grèch y al turcli cargaren de cadenas,
que èra allí lo sol rèy 1' almogavar.
Per jas a son caball, mòltas vegadas
èll donà de grans prínceps los mantells,
del richs palaus dels turchs fèu sas moradas,
y sas mes(iuitas convertí en tinèils.
i Honor al català ! Si sas galeras
recorrian del mar tòt lo contorn,
sos aguerrits exercits sas bandèras
passejaban triunfants per tòt lo mòn.
Y tu llavors, ob Verge de victorià,
lo tèu nom sempre veyas invocat,
que Is' catalans anaban à la glòria
cantant lo Virolay de Montserrat.
La mòntanya en que vius, també en son dia
fòu lo baluart del poble català;
delsarralií la ferma valentia
jamay tas brenyas escalar gosà.
Y en temps ja mòs cercans, pochs anys fa apenas,
cuant lo crit de la pàtria independent
ensenyar al francès fèu las cadenas
per contestar al toch de soraalèn,
los nostres se aimigaren en tas bronyas,
lo pendó de la pairia enarbolat,
y llavors foren, Montserrat, las penyas
lo temple de la santa llibertat.
— 405 —
Mont deia Verge, en tos recorts jo miro
que unidas van la llibertat, la creu,
dòs símbols sanis que jo f primer admiro :
r amor dels pobles y 1' amor de Dèu.
La llibertat ! la creu ! símbols dels pobles,
V una es lo esprií de Dèu, 1' altre es sa mort ;
r una es 1' aspiració del homens nobles,
y dels homens cristians T altre es lo port.
La llibertat ! la creu ! sobre las tumbas
dels cristians marlirs.jauen sos pendòns ;
de Roma en las obscuras catacumbas
confonguèren per sempre sos blassòns.
Castas verges de amor, santas germanas,
iguals en tòt, grandèsas y poder,
sòn dos ricas poncèllas que, galanas,
nutreix la branca de un míitèix roser:
Inspiran tòtas dòs sentiments nobles,
inspiran tòtas dòs glorias y amors,
que r una es la religió dels pobles,
y r altra es la religió dels cors.
Oh ! jo us' conech, mònlanyas regaladas;
recorts de glòria, y pera mi de amors,
que sent jo tòt petit, mòltas vegadas
vinguí a la Verge a coronar de flors.
Jo èixas serras conech, jo sè sa historia,
jo recordo que un dia la he narrat;
si glòria me dona, tua es la glòria
jo sò lo trobador de Montserrat.
Guant naix del sol lo pabelló de grana,
com si volgués donarle un bes de amor.
— 400 —
la mònlanya vesteix y la eni,';ilan;i
ab sòn ropatge de diamants y d' or.
Y en los rochs van, contònis de veure' I* dia,
a restregar son hècií las pardak-ts,
y lays y serventesis de alegria
cantar en coro sènis als aiicèllets.
Y cuan la fosca can sòlire la plana,
de ton temple en la nau la Salve sènls,
y al cel se eleva T oració cristiana
entre núvols de aròinas y de encens.
Postrat me tens devant la glòria teva :
fugint lo mòn y sas miserias vinch :
contémplam als teus ()eus, Mareia meva...
i Me sento mal lo cor, ferit lo lincli!
Ja que tu sabs donar, ó Verge pia,
cants als aucòlls, arònias ;i la flor,
^no trobaràs, oh santa mare mia,
un bíilsam de consol ()er mon dolor?
Mòltterrible es la penaíHKí m'destrossa:
un momònt do repòs may lie tingut:
^serd precís que baxe jo a la fossa
per encontrar la pau y la quietut '/
Sòn tan sols per la febra que m' devora,
brasas de focli mos ulls de tant plorar.
Dígasme per pietat, Reina y Senyora,
I lo repòs que desitjo, m' pots donar ?
Jo sè que aquí han vingut rèys y princesas,
y en cambi del consol que Is' doni Diu,
de joyas te han cubert; I' ory riquèsas
ells han fèt plóurer de ton trono al peu.
Mès jo iqué C donaré. Verge adorada.
— 407 —
sinó sòmès que un pobre trobador?
Mas joyas sòn mos cants: pren. Mare anfiada,
de mos cantars lo que faré millor.
Y cuan arribe de la mort lo dia,
lo dia del repòs pel' desterrat,
à consolarlo vina en sa agonia,
.ingel de Catalunya y Montserrat.
fiALACC!:!-,
HIMNE.
JESU CORONA VIRGINUM.
(traducció. )
Jesús que de Verge pura
nàixer volguéreu aquí,
sens deslluslrar la hermòsura
de la estrella del matí :
Cenyit de glòria admirable,
al cor de verges brillant
las donau premi inefable
de sa puresa constar.l.
Èllas ab casta alegria
lliri sèrabran oloròs,
— 408 —
y ab dulcíssima armonía
canlan himnes al Espòs.
Dign.iuvos oir propici
noslras súplicas. Senyor,
que ni 1' pensament del vici
contamini nostre cor.
Digan glòria eternament
justos y íingels en son cant :
glòria al Pare Omnipotent,
glòria al Fill y Esperit Sant.
BklMES.
EN OBSEQUI
lE iOSTRA SENYORA DIE LA GLEBA,
dèsde son santuari.
I.
^Qué foren los deserts y las campinyas,
los monts altíssims y profundos valls.
Verge del bell amor. Mare divina,
font de dòlsura, Reina relesiial,
sènl la vostra presencia soberana
que ns' recorda de Dòu la inmensital?
— -Í09 —
Èll òmpla la obra sua : sa grandesa
extènt, omnipotent, per los espays,
vola en alas del vènl, y lo sèu trono
del mòn visible sobre 1' sol posa. ,
Mès vos per lòi arreu reproduida,
com amorosa mare dels mortals,
donau vida y consol als que us' invocan,
y lòtas las angòxas miligau.
Ymèntres Dèu, tronant sobre dels núbols,
de sa justa venjansa llansa 1' llamp,
postrats devanl de vòs en vostra ermita,
cuberts ab vostre mantó maternal,
os invoquem com fills fan à sa mare,
y vòs fèu allunyar la tempestat.
II.
Quant r home ja caigut, divagant cego,
la justa idea de son Dèu perdé,
per instint de son cor tenir volia
alguns númens propicis cerca d' èll.
Y per só omplí sa fantasia baixa
d la naturalesa de mil sers,
als cuals, en sos dolors ò en sas desditxas
.1 lòtas horas invocar pogués ;
per só pobla de satiros las selvas,
de faunos las mònlanyas y deserts,
de ninfas las florèstas oloròsas,
de nayades las fonts, los rius de deus,
y fins dins del umbral de sa morada,
los penatesy lares mantingué.
— A\0 —
Mès, tal (iesilj, necessitat tan forta
sols Dèii mateix podia satisfer,
y dòsde 1' piml en que baix.í ;í la terra ,
dissipa estos fantasmas del infern,
y, com noy en los brassos de sa mare,
ab infantil candòr se ns' ofereix.
III.
Oh dias de ventura! oh temps ditxòs!
en que inocònts los homens y senzills,
com de son aliment, de la fe pura
se sabian feüssos mantenir!
Lo cel remuneraba llur fe pura,
tantas imatges vostras descubrint,
que los nostres passats salvar voli;uèren
de mans infièls en dias de perill.
Mil bells y grats miracles rodejaban
al olvidal recinto y escondit :
ó era una candoròsa pnstorcla,
ó un animal a (pii Dèu daba instint,
qui senyalaba l' lloch y llum de glòria,
ó angelich cant cridaba al poble humil.
Oh Verge ! Y quina prònda n)òs preciosa
trobar podian vostres dòlsos fills,
que una imatge adorada de sa mare?
; Podian desitjar trc>or mès rich ?
Vòs eslaban entre ells en vostra imatge,
y ells ostenian prompte en sos perills.
— 411 —
IV.
Qué vèii sèr aquell griípo que s' descobre,
y va venint per ènlre aquell turó,
y los pendòns que ondt'jan ènlre Is' ;írbres?
Ressonan per los aires com un cor
las préces santas que la Iglèsia enlòna,
cuan se invoca dels sants la protecció.
Rompen la martxa los sagrats ministres
vostra efígie portantcom un tresor,
y honiens y donas en pausadas filas
van seguint ab silenci religiós.
Vénen, Maria, a vostre santuari
ab tota la ternura de llurs cors,
óà regoneixer consegiiidasgracias,
ó a demanarvos, Verge, tems favors,
perquè féreu cessar plaga maligna,
ó la sèquia qui ho perdia tòt,
ó perquè esta comarca desolaba
horrible peste derramant la mort.
Quant del Fill descargaba lajusticia,
trobaren en la Mare compassió.
Oh ! de cuanls pobles sòu. Verge, acatada !
de cuants prechs heu rebut lo encens mès pur !
cuants tristos han trobat en vòs amparo !
cuantsculpats gràcia ! cuants malalts salut !
Ja ab timbre de la G/efca proclamada,
« _ 442 —
nou sigles os han visi en aquest punt
derramant beneficis y finèsas,
abalint dels infièls lo fer ortjull,
donant del cel la saludable pluja,
destruint de la mon l' imperi cru,
curant dolencias de .iniuias y cossos,
perills terribles fent fuii[ir bèii lluny !
i Guants trastorns habeu vist dèsde aqueix trono
afligir als mortals ! Y de cuants ulls
heu axugal las ll.ígrimas, oh Mare !
Dissipeu del error lo baf im|)ur ;
féu que en estàs comarcas venturòsas
jamay se ecli|)si de la fe lo llum,
y que Is' cors que en la terra així us' venèran,
gosin de la inmortal bealitul!
Roca y CoRNin'.
La nèu tapa la terra,
la nit lo espay cubreix,
a la boira en gebrada
lo vènt-nort converteix ;
Un sepulcral silenci
regna per la ciutat;
tòtdorm... tòt nó, no dormen
Dèu y la Caritat.
— 4Í5 —
No dorm lo sacerdoci
que, de! humú bè en pro,
fins ú la mort se llansa
ab santa abnegació.
iOhiu de cercans passos
rumor apressurai?
^sentiu èix so mei;íl-licli
vibrant y acompassat?
^.Sentiu èix cintich grave
queavansa pressuròs!
tòt la presencia anuncia
de Dèu tòt poderós.
Lo cant mès prop ressona;
lo so vibrant segueix;
lo Sagrament Santíssim
devant nostre apareix.
iGlorificat ne sia
aqueix diví Senyor,
que vè dels seus ministres
mitj ocult sobre V cor!
Nostres alberchsobrímli;
llansém flors a son pas;
il•luminem sa ruta
ab nostra fe vera's.
Mès com la negra culpa
tan a obscuras nos tè,
supléscan llums terrenas
las flamas de la fe.
Van per tòt llocli seguinilo
com un cel estrellat
lo exliausto llum del pobre,
— 41-i —
los blandòns del magnat.
Aquí cst.i... prosternémnos,
los ulls impurs lanquém;
no alsém la vista a I' Arca,
perquè cegar podem.
Puig cuanl Déu de sa glòria
los raigs vol ociíliar,
ni lo vel que Is' circumda
som dignes de mirar.
jSenyòr! jSenyòr! ja sento
lo vostre intlux... — Paniu.—
Mon cor liuniil vos crida,
^per (jué no 1' e^coliau?
^Aliòn anau, Senyor, vòs que en la glòria
un imperi teniu sense confins,
y lo poder de vosira pura essència
adòran extasiats los sorafiíis?
Vòs que (ionau al uracà la forsa,
y en un carro de fucli airehatal
recorreu los espays y obriu los núvols
quecnlranyan rugidòra tempestat.
Immortal l\èy del cel, Sol de grandesa,
de la humana maldat reparador,
;los vostres dons de gràcia salvadora
a qui portau tanliumilmènt, Senyor?
;,Aliòn anau joh Mageslat suprema!
que, obrintse los porials ú vostre pas
de tants alberchs y lanls palaus uiagníllchs
que us' brindan ab amor, no hi enlrau pas?
Al senlirvüs los fiòls, per honòrarvos
— 415 —
il-luniioan los Uoclis per hòu passau,
ab llums que brillan en la nit obscura
com los ulls dels serpents suriint del cau.
Tols los punts militars vos glorifican,
honors prestantvos com a Rèy dels rèys,
y us' rendeixen sas armas victoriòsas
los paladins que imposan al raòn llèys.
Mès vos passau, Autor de cels y terra,
y correu adalat íí concedir
lo sant descans a una anima penada
que avuy voleu premiar en vostre empir.
Y segueix la sonora campaneta,
missatgera ignocònt de amor y pau,
alegrant lo esperit del qui en Dèu fia,
y estremeixènt lo cor del vici esclau.
Al metàl-lich avís, s' obre la porta
de obscura y miserable habitació,
ahòn sospirs desgarradòrs ressonan
y los últims gemèchs de V aflicció.
Guants de dolors, miserias y agonia,
ocupan junts èix tetrich aposènt,
ahòn penetra la bondat Divina
per donar recompensa al sufrimènt.
Aquí lo fret ab son rigor tortura
y r aire que s' respira es infectat;
lo mur tapissa molsa salitròsa,
lo peu rellisca en fetid \ humitat.
Aquí jayènt sobre asqueròsa palla, •
de la existència lo dolor poslrèr
sufreix un trist, al ci.al lo mòn olvida,
un germà nostre, un pobre jornaler.
— 410 —
Prop del sèu jas ires [>elils infants ploran,
sens mare, sens parents, sense consol.
— jQuí lis' amar.i, fillets! son pare exclama ;
jQuí tindrà compassió de voslre dol... ! —
—Miserere, Dèu, mèu, canta en la porta
lo apòstol de Jesús ab dòlsa veu.
— Sí, respon lo malalt, \ misericòrdia
tingau de ells y de mi. Senyor mon Dèu ! —
Calla lo trist perquè son Dèu arriba,
dissipant del alberch la obscuritat:
tòt respira consol, grata esperansa :
devanl la mort brilla la eternitat.
;0h si pogués ma lira religiosa
ensalsar ab lo foch de un sant esprit
lo gran, sublime y divinal misteri
de nostra religió prop de aqueix llit !
i Si pogués repetir una per una
las paraulas mès dòlsas que la mel
que lo ministre infiltra en aquella ànima ,
per tants y tant^ dolors digna del cel !
jSi dable fòs compéndrerlo misteri
de bondat y clemència singular
que al Criador uneix ab la criatura,
y al pecador en àngel pót tornar...!
Mès callem, y adorem, front contra terra,
acatem lo prodigi gloriós
que al abatut aixeca y al fort postra,
premia al humil y abat al orgullós .
Puig ja lo moribund la eficàcia
sènl del « postrèr consol » ja sent la fe,
la esperansa y lo amor, fruits de la gràcia
— 417 —
que sols lo unit ab Dèu dins del cor tè.
Ja ab menor sentiment als seus fills mira,
y ja proròmp ab menos aflicció.
— Quíus' dara amparo, fills! — La Providencia,
respon lo sacerdot; Dèu, Dèu y jo...-^
Y altra volta la clara campaneta,
inanimat heralt de un Dèu de pau,
alegra lo cor just que en èll confia,
y estremeix al inich del vici esclau.
Novament fora portasy finèstras
guspireja dels llums lo resplandòr,
com los cuquets fosfórichs que rellúen
per los jardins en vespres de calor.
Y mèntres per lo trànsit salmodía
lo ministre del cel ab to fervent :
— Te alabant, Dèu excels, y ah fe inmutable
teconfessam Senyor Omnipotent; —
Y mèntres Jesucrist entra en son temple,
circuit de prestigi y raagestat,
entra en lo cel una anima joyòsa,
y adopta tres fills mès la Caritat.
M.* J.* Massànks.
UN MÀRTIR.
^Qui serà aquest que, ènlre axecadas llansas,
gens alteradas sas faccions camina,
27
- 4Í8 —
y que no atina que Is' lleons lo guaylan
famolencs lòls?
^Per qué indecís assegurar en terra
nos' veu sa planta, que .i la tomba 1' guia,
y la alegria en sa mirada lànguida
deixa brillar?
Es un cristià : las ovaladas gradas
de Las Arenas que romandre* ns' Nímes
volgué, sublimes, las ovira plenas
de gòm a gòm.
Veu en las rèixas agarradas fèras;
que llurs genyivas fan sagn.i'en lasbarras,
mentre, ab llurs garras forcejant, procuran
sortir per èll.
Sent la impaciència, que als gentils devora
per veure' en trossos la llagada esquena,
que en cada vena ells inhumans obriren
un dòU de sanch.
Mès la esperansa, que 1' martiri dóna;
la fé, que I' cor en los seus salts alènta, '"'-'''
la d' èll aumenta per finir sas penas,
partir del mòn.
Sa tinima al Cólgota un moment transporta,
y entre dòs lladres colocat divisa
al que sumisa tè la mar, y al astres
dona r impuls.
De las espinas punxagudas c;iurer
veu de suor gòtas ab ta sanch rajadas,
y foradadas sas dòs mans divinas
pernosireamòr.
Per só content èll lo martiri espera;
— 4i9 —
y mes goijòs enlregad sa vida,
que una ferida defensant la pàtria
rebrà r valent.
En cada gota de sa sanch contempla
alsarse un m<irlir, y las auras puras
altres criaturas respirar cuan dòne
r últim badall.
En los llindars del cel un munt de núvols
veu, hòn voltejan, ab pintadasalas,
senzillas galas de bellesa célica,
■ los angelets.
De arpas las cordas celestials brunzeixen,
y entonan cantichs al Senyor de glòria,
que la cridòria dels gentils ofegan,
al menys per èll.
Una corona que texí Maríaí ^.
y groga palma, que li porta amiga,
son cor artiga per volar a rébrerla
de sa alba ma.
Y com soldat que la bandera porta,
que íí son cadàver loenemich sols pilla,
la creu senzilla del seus dits sens vida
no deixa may.
Mes i ay ! ja cruxen forrallats y portas,
y ab penjant llengua tigres y pantèras,
fent polsaguèras, ab lleons se tiran
, tòtasalmilj.
La espessa boira que ab llurs peus axècan
tapa lo màrtir, que postrat murmura:
— j Oh Verge pura ! perdonàu llur culpa :
i jo los perdó! —
— 420 —
Lo sol amaga sas daiiradas galas:
negre lo cel son bell safir trastorna,
yubacas torna las pobladas gradas
d' hòn ix un crit.
Tórtola blanca de llur centre vola,
toca los núvols, entremitj de èils passa,
y negra glassa la celeste esfera
de nou cubreix.
Calvbt.
L' EMNE DE LA VERGE.
ODA SAGRADA.
Prop del bressol, la Verge
en vida aixís cantaba,
ab una veu mòs dòlsa que la mel;
y r cor sagrat callaba
no movent mès sas alas,
cuant fèya I' cant dormir al nin del cel.
— Dorm mon tresor, ma vida,
y cubresque ab sas plòmas
ton fròn rosat un somni lleugèret;
y a la mare enlernida
per un instant no miris,
que m' fas fóndrer lo cor ab ton ullet.
— 421 —
Me lè lo cel enveja
cuaDttu m' rius, fill, mirantme,
mès bonich que 1' eslel del (lematí:
las flors que 1' vent oreja
com tu i oh mon fill! no creixen
tan bèllas del Edèn en lo jardí.
Cuan dòlsamènt reposa!
Com sos llavis sonriuen!
Gom mos amors redobla son alé !
Sembla una fresca rosa
qu' un bàlsam dols exhala!
Perdónara... mès un bes jo t' donaré. —
Y al deposar Maria
un bes en lo dols front
que, com iman, lo llavi fa acostar;
dels àngels la armonía
s' entén de nou pe' Is' aires :
la Verge plora y deixa de cantar.
VlNADÉR.
A&Af Smd^g Í43S1SSÍSÍS4,
PREGARIA.
Jo, Rèyna, vos salud' que íí tanta altura
sòu, pres del Sol, la mès brillant estrella;
— 422 —
acatament vos dò' per Santa y bella,
y vos ador' pus que sòu Verge y pura.
Canlan los serafins vostra hecraòsura
celestial, en cors armoniòsos;
los homs aquí, postrats y fervoroses,
vostre pietat publican y dòlsura.
V àncoTSí sòu de nostra esperansa :
iQüi es que a vòs pregant, Mare amorosa,
cuan la tristor dintre son cor se posa,
algur: remey, algun consol no alcansa?
^Quí es que ab vòs pensant cuan l' alegria
òmpla son pit de goig y de tendresa,
y agraïment mostrant per tal finesa,
no sent mès pler que lo que ja sentia?
De cuanta es la bondat que aiesora
vostre voler envers qui passa pena,
y posa ab vòs sa confiansa plena,
també n' tinch jo una mostra, oh Senyora.
Mon pensament batut un jorn estnba
y ple mon cor d' enuig y de amargura ;
per alentam', preciosa una figura
los vostre gest creguí que me mostraba.
Restí admirat, pus òra una donzella
de dols mirar, qu' en son frònl candorós
J
— 425 —
ne porta escrit vostre nom gloriós ;
y al véurerla, amor sentí per ella.
Sèmblansa tè de la vostre puresa,
sèmblansa tè de la vostre hermòsura ;
per só la vull ab ecsès de ternura,
per só r adòr' de respecte ab grandesa.
L' àngel guardià, cuan ne vol de mon pit
arrancar prest innoble sentiment,
son aire pur, sa bella forma pren,
y així de cop se mostra a mon esprit.
Això dich jo, perquè si ab ella pens'
sento al moment un delit tan suau
y cast ensemps, que tòt altre ne trau,
fora del cor, que de impur tinga gens.
Així com sol que eixint brillant, hermòs,
alhorissònt, dissipa encontinènt
los núvols que lo blau del firmament
entelaban, turbant lo sèu repòs.
jRèina del cel! vòs que estau prop hFont
de tòt lo bè, donéume generosa
de ditxa un pocli, de glòria alguna cosa,
per oferir íi aqueix àngel del mòn.
jMare de tots ! ab vostre poder féu
que d' ella prop ne passe aquesta via ;
— 424 —
qu' en lo mal pas puga sèrli la guia,
y apartar lluny lo quedanye son peu.
Fins que arribant al terme d' est camí,
vinguem lots junts hasta las vostras plantas
à cantarvos, desprès de gracias tantas,
loòrs eterns, agraimònl sens fi !!
SlTJAR.
A LA VERGE DE LA MERCÈ.
AGRAHIMKM'.
Del lloch mès pur que dins mos ulls se guarda,
d' allí hòn mès libre lo mèu cor respira,
llagrimas y sospirs sortiu al hora
per saludar al sol que ns' dóna vida;
libres y purs sortiu, pus qui us' reclama
tè per essència y porta en sa divisa
la puresa mès nítida y mès tersa,
junt ab lo mòt de llibertat invicta.
Deixdume plorar, sí, deixííu que plori,
que així mon cor mès librcmènl respira:
aiiis es com mon cor y mos ulls parlan
cuan del mès noble sentiment s' ecscilan.
Los plors de dol mès matau cuant mès creixen,
y Is' plors d' amor sòn plens de cobardia:
— 425 —
sols del agrahimènt las vivas llagrimas,
cuant mès abundan, ab mès goig animan.
Allà en lo temps felis de ma infantesa
cuan encare innocent mon cor dormia,
ine esplicaba ma mare ab dols llenguatje
la sens igual puresa de Maria;
y, al consolarme de una frívol pena
la paciènta domèstica, enternida,
mès de una volta, en lloch de sas rondallas,
fets de pobres cautius me referia.
Així aprenguí à buscar per advocada
à la Verge del cel; aixis las fibras
mès sensibles del cor sempre dolèntse,
a amar la llibertat fort m' empenyian.
Y cuan ja home, en mos desiljs d' apéndrer,
m' inspira viu amor ma pàtria antiga,
(per lo cual al Senyor rendeixo gracias, )
los primers sentiments foren sens mida.
^Y com no serho, Verge soberana,
si, après de sèr ma cristiana guia,
veia en vòs la patrona de ma pàtria,
de la que en llibertat fòu la mès rica?
Sia qui s' vulla 1' mal que la apurara,
cuan Catalunya algun temor sentia
de que son benestar sufrir poguèra,
vòs èrau son consol, sa medicina.
Vòs íí sos rèys y héroes la victorià
donareu sempre de llorers cenyida;
vòs al poble de pestes presservareu,
vòs, sí, ab la llibertat li dareu vida.
íY jo que tinch fe y crech en vostra gràcia,
— 426 —
jo que amo delirant la pàtria mia,
jo que en la llibertat un besant miro,
.i qui millor, en mas cruels fatigas,
poguèra jo acudir que .1 vòs, Senyora,
d vòs que de mercès sòu santa mina?
En la edat mès florida y desitjada,
cuan r home tè mès forsa y alegria,
ple d' ilusiòns lo cap y de focli 1' anima,
perdí la llibertat per ma desditxa!
Perdí la lliliertat, pus no la gosa
que la salud perd jove !.. així cautiva
ma anima sufrí entre estèrils ll;igrimas,
entre suspirs que al cor mès oprimian!
Poch òra lo consol de sers piadosos
que, ab generositat mes que infinita, .
sostenian mon front en la desgracia,
àngels que, en la amargura, Dèu envia.
Per ells mès que per mi patia sempre :
tristas far.tasmas la mia ment omplian
los recorts del passat per agradables,
r imatge del futur per fosca y trista!
y ni un camí m' donaba la esperansa,
y casi conformat ab la sort mia
sufrintanaba V pes de ma cadena,
cuan me donareu vòs mercè divina.
Recobrant la salut com per miracle,
alegre al cel jo diriji la vista,
y, cercant de mon goig la única causa,
devant mos ulls os desRcobri enseguida.
Vostra fas preciosa veigí, oh Reina,
que al i nfelis retorna la alegria.
— 427 —
la benèfica ma que clavats guarda
tants besos de persònas agrahidas.
Libresòja! digui llavors ab iriunfo,
pus dels cautius la mare m' reanima :
per ella, sí, que es mare de ma pàtria,
podré cantar sa llibertat fugida ;
per èlla, 1' arpa que polsosa jehia
podré agafar de nou ; mès, en tal ditxa,
perdona si I' cantar primer que entona
lo redimit cautiu no te 1' dedica.
Pobre es mon arpa per cantar tas gracias:
deixa que ab èlla de ma pàtria antiga
cante sols los recorts, que bè cantarlos
puch, si èts tu, iMare, la que I' cant m' inspiras.
Altre deber jo tinch envers ta imalje,
cuan sento que mon cor bat sens fatiga:
lo cautiu redimit sols deu plorarne:
réb, donchs, mon plantd' agrahimènt, Maria.
No importa que 1' senyal del ferro guardi,
veyènt (jue la cadena no m' domina ;
basta que ni recort mos fills conserven
del cautiveri que amarga mos dias.
Així ho creu qui de goig derrama llagrimas,
qui sols per tu ab llibertat respira ;
mare de las mercès, mare dels libres,
mare de Catalunya, mare mia,
al esclau català que agrahil plora,
a tas planlas rendit, oh Verge, mira,
enfònzat lo sèu cap baix de la terra,
elevat lo sèu cor al cel que l' libra.
UorARDLL.
— 428 —
mt LLÀGRIMA Ei LO CALHRI.
Plora, plora, cor mèu,
del primer Rèy la magestat ofesa,
ullrajada vilment, íinà escupida
del ingrat poble seu, '
que, hidropicli de rencòr, boitg de ferèsa,
jura la mort de qui li dóna vida.
Plora del fals amor la fe mentida,
que dins los rams de llor y de olivera
amaga la cicuta verinosa
per qui li porta amicli la pau ditxòsa,
en pago del afront que se li espera.
^No sents del regicida rebumbori
lo decret espantós, lo crit de mori^
Mori també ressona
en lo cor de un consell ple de venjansa,
que, lluny de refrenar la negra injuria
que ja la gent blassòna,
al poble desbocat la brida Uansa
perquè del crit fatal cresque la fúria.
La justícia tremola dins sa cúria,
vergònyant de temor, sense cap forsa ;
apesarat lo jutge en sa cadira,
mènlres al poble plau, ralió no mira,
y víctima del fat que sa m;i forsa,
dèbil firmant la mort de la inocencia,
escriu que mata al Rèy en la sentencia.
La veu que la pregona
— A29 —
de la funesta trompa eixir no gosa
a publicar la mort que tòt hom crida.
Encara ella no sona,
en va tremènda-Ihim y sanguinòsa
dóna r sol ; en va la lluna aturdida
sancli també plora ; y la terra partida
crema y cruix dolorosa y venjadòra
baix los Hams fulminants que V cel li tira.
De còlera inflamat, y prenyat d' ira,
mofa r furor la escena aierradòra,
y borratxo de goitg, perdut lo tino,
escup al Rèy, y besa al assessino.
Y de son Rèy renega
ab brutals mots la llengua viperina,
que en la divina cara insults vomita,
mèntres de sanch la rega
la corona infamant que l' front barrina.
Fins del mateix sufrir I' odi s' irrita,
y cop a cop, y befa a befa excita,
y a cada nou gemèch nova tortura.
Ni una llàgrima cau ! Ni un ay! ressona
per un Rèy innocent que .i mils los dóna
al ingrat botxí, que Is' tormènts apura,
y que caigut veyèntlo, y mort de pena,
r arrastra com a gós per la cadena.
^Quét' ha fèt, pàtria ingrata,
perquè tingas avuy sols improperis,
per qui ahir prou palmas no trobabas?
Poch ha entre rams de plata
l'exallabas Senyor de tóis imperis ;
vil y pesada creu are li clavas
— 430 —
sobre espaillas que sòn de cops ja blavas.
iNo l' recordas, cruel, del Jusl qu' un dia
ton plor besaba ab llabis amorosos,
y curaba de gusl los fills leprosos,
y daba vida als moris, y als vius beneía?
i Una dona tant sols, una y piadosa
li aixuga al pas sa cara llastimosa !
Guant mès inexorable
la deixa lo dolor al drap impresa,
per record sempitern de rnssa impía,
mès la turba implacable
se rebeja feros en la sanch presa
del salvador cabell, que, pocb habia,
sobre lo sagrat front com or lluía :
y mès li dona insults y bastonadas
al màrtir abatut, que sense forsa
ja no pot ab la creu, per mes qu' esforsa
aturdil delsrenèchs y bofetadas.
;Perqué li prens, Simón, si I' benefici
ha de fèrli apurar tòt lo suplici?
Del Gólgota en la serra
cuan la turba lo veu, mès s' enrabia
perquè no tè per èll prou temps y penas.
;Nor veyeu ja per terra,
escarni dels sayòns que, en creu innpía,
tirant van de son cos, fets unas hienas?
No sentiu dels martells cops a dotzenas
que sobre Is' peus y mans lo cor enclavan
del sempre amorós Fill que per tots prega,
de la Mareinfelis que al peu gemega,
perquè en lo cor del Fill lo seu li clavan ?
— 451 —
Cuan mès lo poble ingrat tormènts li dóna,
mès de gust en la creu èll lo perdona.
Y alsant lo cor al cel,
vers la terra del crim son front abaixa,
y desanch sobre d' ella un Ham cargola.
Pasmatlo poble infiel
sota del tro horrorós que del alt baixa,
si no crida perdó, plora y tremola
cuan la terra íí sos peus obre la gola.
La fosca creix, soròlla la móntanya,
y ab sos cruixits la creu que may enganya,
a Dèu mort y penjat al món presenta.
Plorem, fills d' Israel, qu' èll també plora
del home per qui mort la fe traïdora.
Pons y de Fustéb.
CRÒNICA IL-LERDÉSA.
Dedicada à Don Víctor Balaguer.
Noys y noyas que graciòsos
ab encesos fanalets
en la vetlla d' aquest dia
— 452 —
voltau plassas y carrers,
y .i Sant Jaume fuu obsequis ■ '
sas capèllas recorrent
entre collas que respiran "
gran gatzara, gran |)lahèr; ' '
Veniu aquí una estona ;
senténvos aquí uns moments :
dels fanalcts la usansa
vull dirvos jo de hòn vè.
Sabreu perquè al Apòstol
tal fòsla avuy li fèm....
Venín, veniu y us' contaré una historia
que a tots ha de agradarvos: escolteu.
Uu temps hi hagué del mcn en la carrrèra,
lèmps mòlt copiós d' iniquitats y danys :
r home perdut del vici en la ceguèra
víctima fòu de corruptors enganys.
Sumit lo mòn en vergonyós cinisme,
sens fre donat a il-lícltas costums,
prompte ú rodar se veya en son abisme,
puig que del cel faltabanli las llums.
Dèu se n' dolgué. Per dispensarli ajuda
de Verge nat li concedí ;i son Fill.
En gran perill veigéla j^ènl perduda
y èU la tragué d' aquell inmens perill.
Vivint esclau salva una rassa esclava :
vida li obrí morint clavat en Creu.
Si r mal csprit al mòn encadenaba,
-— 455 —
llibre r deixíí la sanch del Fill de Dèu.
Al propagar resolts la bona nova
de pau y amor que Is' confia Jesús,
dotze homens sols, mès fets a tota proba,
deixaren braus al univers confús.
D' un foch diví per la suprema gràcia
il•luminats sos purs enteniments,
son códich santab zel y ab eficàcia
prompte ensenyar lograren a las gents.
Y ho feren tots ab rasgos indelebles,
del vil tira sufrint persecucions;
que de Jesús com verdadèrs deixebles
no Is' daban por suplicis ni presons.
Mès que V lleó valents en la pelea,
mès que 1' anyell humils en son obrar,
la santa Llèy del Marlir de Judea
feren del mòn en tòtas parts triunfar.
Un d' ells, cual nom posar aquí complaume,
rich en fervor y de coratge ple,
un d' ells, qu' avuy anomenam Sajít Jaume,
als espanyols per predicar vingué.
Sa heroica veu de Catalunya Llèyda
fou la ciutat primera en escoltar....
;0h! qui ab un to mès gran que I' de la Eneyda
triumfo semblant pogués sn\[n cantar !
Mès süccehí per voluntat divina
que al arribar de nit a la ciutat,
en son taló s' clava Jaume una espina
28
— 454 —
y en sanch a dòU senlí son peu banyà^."-'
Y per seguir, sent la ferida obstacle
del sani varó lo comensal camí,
propici Dèu permetigué un miracle
que del treball tragués al peregrí.
Àngels del cel ab llum sens fi baixaren
que rodejant sol•lícits al romèu,
à desclavar la i)unxa li ajudaren,
llibre quedant de tòl dolor son peu.
Y devant d' ell al proseguir sa via
anaren tots fins qu' arriví d son Uoch,
fèntli una llum mès clara qu' al mitg dia
no es la del sol cuan llansa raigs de foch.
Dèsde llavors, hòn tingué llocb aquMIa
angelical pasmòsa aparició,
lo poble fiel ú Jaume una capella
volgué erigir, nòmbrantlo son patró.
Y en r altre llocli que l' Sant com d posada
vingué ú buscar en la mateixa nit,
Llèyda li lò capella igual fundada,
sens cííurer may sa devoció en olvit.
Y dèsde llavors també
fòu costum tradicional
en lo dia de San Jaume
fèr lo poble fèstas grans,
y en una capella y altra
al Apòstol obsequiar,
en memòria de la espina
— 453 —
qu' en son taló s' enclava.
Y dels jíngels a sèmblansa
que vingueren de lo alt
a fèrli llum y ,i alentarlo
y a restanyarli la sanch,
es us també que en la vetlla
surtin los noys a voltar,
portant fanalets encesos
y tots de papers pintats.
Y es cosa a fe qu' il-lusiòna
véureren la nit brillar
al traves de cent colors
grochs y roijos, vers y blaus,'
las hermòsas lluminarias
d' aquells herraòsos fanals
qu' encenen los noys alegres
sens descuidarsen cap any.
Una vegada tan sols,
aquest sigle al comensar,
cuand de llegiòns esirangèras
lo poble fòu dominat,
un altiu gobornadòr
ab capritxoses afanys
volgué esborraine de Llèyda
costum tan inmemorial,
mès foren vans sos dcsitgs,
y sos decrets foren vans,
puig pe' Is' carrers y las plassas
los xichs no poguent anar,
en los balcons y finèstras
surtiren ab sos fanals.
— 456 —
com en prolèsta solemne
per tal estil conservar.
Y al any següent ja tornaren
à córrer per la ciuiat
ab los fanals de colors
com se fèu en altres anys, •
com lio fèu vosaltres are,
Doys y noyas, los qui aoau
de r una ú altra capella
rendint fesleijos al Sant.
Y féiilio sòmpre aixís, fills de ma Pàtria,
los que esta vetlla ab fanalets sortiu ;
aquest record no dexéu may que s' perdi,
puig de records un poble també viu.
Ab cínich esclafit algun incrèdul
se burlarà tal volta de aquest us :
mès per sempre vosaltres manteníulo,
y r ríurer despreciéu d' aquell il-lus.
Y puig vos trasmeteren vostres pares
tal usansa dels seus com rich llegat,
als vostres fills vosaltres en son dia
també ensenyéula ab entusiasme grat.
Qu' aixis semblansa d' àngels en la terra
ja sereu tots per mès complaure' à Dèu,
y al cel pera pujar, d' ella al sortirne,
alas d' àngels en premi trobareu.
Boca.
Àl•l —
LA REDEMPCIÓ.
SONETO.
Ja r agonia al Redemptor rodeja ;
son pil abiílta lo panteix, y 1' tapa;
ni un i flí/ ! de queixa de son llabi escapa
raènlres blasfemo lo sayó 1' moteja.
La pura sanch que lentament goteja
de sas ferldas sens igual, se empapa
dins de la terra que oscil•lant destapa
lo cap de Adam, que descarnat blanqueja.
Baptisme de divina sanch esborra
r antiga taca de aqueix craneo fràgil ;
y son llinatge esclau, de la masmòrra,
romput lo cep satanicli ja, surt íigil
per remuntarse al cel, que ab goig lo mira,
al pas que Llucifòr rcvènta d' ira.
ESTIIADA.
— 438 —
i JESÚS HA Í(ICÍR^!
SONETO.
iQüé ha fèl, Jerusalem, la inica rassa?
i Lo vel del temple esqtiínsase en dòs trossos!
j dèixan las tòmbas venerables cossos !
i de cop al sol enfòsca negra glassa !
(Enlluernan scrpejant llampechs sens tassa,
seguits del espeiech de trons tan grossos,
quepòr infiltran fins al moll dels ossos!
I arbres y penyas lo uraci arrabassa !
— Ha mortalNasareno. — ; Ali, qui no estranya
que no s'enfònze I' mòn si Dèu espira !
^Te n' rius, impía, entre rosech y sanya?
^Quí sinó un Dèu ab tal ternura mira
à sos irats butxins y per ells prega,
«perdona, Pare, à aquesta turba cega? «
EsTBiDA.
— 459 —
LA. PASTÒRETA,
O LA PÉ8TE DE REUS DE 159!^.
[Fragment de un drama histórich).
Vas de misericòrdia,
consol dels afligits,
del poble Is' mal sentits
curau, perquè ab vos fia.
Jo avuy vos ho demano,
com vòs veyeu plorant,
ab lo àngel esciamani :
Dèu vos salve Maria.
i
Los prechs que vos envio
ab gust sèaculliréu,
que may sufrir podeu ^
prop de vòs cap desgracia,
y per só arrepentint
lo pecador, Senyora,
vos repeteix cada hora
que sòu plena de gràcia.
Que lo poder vos sobra
per fèr ab grant prestesa
de aquest mòn de tristesa
lo cel mès gloriós :
ningú un moment ho dupta,
— 440 —
pus saben bò, marcia,
que per sèr tan perfeta
lo Seyiyòr es ob vds. ^
Ió malalt que gemí'ga,
y busca 1' (juc s' ofega
en vòs port aniòròs ;
y os diuen un y altre,
ab irasports d' alegria;
; r estrella sòu del dia
y beneita sòu vòs.
Que un temps, cuan ]a cubria,'
del jorn fent nit obscura,
aquesta terra impura
dels mals del mòn las onas,
per remey dels fills d' Èva
fóreu no en va escullida,
persèr la benehida
entre tòtas las donas.
De aquestos fills, Senyora,
que sens vòs scniirian,
cuan sens fe moriíian,
d' esperansa 1' cor buit ;
y are ab lo foc encesos
de vostre amor, creuran,
que del ventre èix sant
i y beneit es lo fruit.
— u\ —
Derramau, donchs, raareta,
las gràcils que esta vila
aguarda poch tranquila,
al mitj d' afanys y entre
ànsias, que, agrahida,
lo fruit ab vòs, Senyora,
benehira tòi' hora
i ay ! del vostre sant ventre.
Féuho, que jo senzilla,
d' amor lo mèu cor ciègo,
veheu com vos ho prego
ab trist accent confús.
Féuho per las tres horas
que sufrí d' agonia
lo vostre fill, Maria,
idolatrat Jesús.
GHAS.
PASSATÈniPS.
•CiiJroíflL A AJScíA^
— «5 —
10 PASSATÈJIPS DEL TEMPS PASSAT (I).
íQué s' es fèt aquell temps que dols passaba,
ninetas del iiièu cor?
Temps que sens temps ab son alé sèmbraba
tòtas sas galas d' or.
iQüé s' es fèt aquell temps que 1' cor volia
solament temps passa',
y ènlre Is' plechs d'aquell temps, lo temps corria
que may mès tornarà?
(1) No deu eslranyarse que en tal secció, que compren la part
satírica y jocosa, sia esta tan reduïda, sent així que es en lo genero
que mes se ha escrit durant aquest sigle, però, sense ser enemich
de dit genero, ni dels que I' cultivan, dech manifestar, que no he
fet esforsos pera presentarne grans mostras, per considerar que
son abús es lo que ha fet càurer mes en ridícul la llengua catala-
Bu. Aixís he tingut la mira que las composicions escullidas sian
de aulòrs que no se hajen dedicat exclusivament al tal genero, y
que antes bé, com se podrà véurer en las demés seccions, hajen
aprofitat la llengua catalana pera espresar sentiments nobles y
generosos. De manera, que lo dar jo a llum estàs composicions de
passatemps, fins se pot considerar com una llibertat que m'
prench, convensut de que sos autors las compongueren perquè no
passassen del circul de la amistat, y, sobretot, sense pretensions,
a pas que no s' retragueren de dar à llum las altres en que s'
trasllueix la elevada idea que Is' guiaba. Crech que Is' lectors se
faran carrech de aquesta opinió filla de mon convenciment, en de-
fensa de la caal no m' faltan armas de bon tremp que esgrimar, y
armas queson, ans que tòt, cortesas, circunstancia sens la cual
seria innoble tòt combat. — Nota del col-Iectòr.
— 446 —
i Ay ! si del temps passat sols la raeinoria
lo apesarat cor sent,
recordem aqiièll lèmpsde dòlsa glòria
per pasalèmps present.
Ninetas mèuas, qui pogués vuy dia
al temps de juventut
torna', ab sos balls, y fèslas, y alegria :
jay, felis temps perdut !
lQ\ié se han fet los plahèrs que may morian
de aquell tòmps de quinze anys,
sense lèmps per pensar que arribarian
del temps los desenganys.
^Qué s' es fet aquell temps que a un it'inps jugabam
tots devall d' un sauch,
y prenent temps, fuigiam y ns' buscabam
al tòmps que deiam : cuuuc ?. . .
Tòlas a un lèmps os veia jo amagadas,
volent ;í un lèmps fugir,
y d la de menos lèmps, mòltas vegadas
daba lèmps per sortir.
Perquè al poch temps de córrer, fatigada,
deixés que la atrap.is...
i Ay lèmps que entre Is' meus brassos la he mirada,
ja may mès tornaràs !...
i Quin lèmps, quin lèmps! ; Sabeu cuan me lli-
gabau
als ulls un mocadó',
y ènlre un rotllo que a un lèmps saltant formabau,
os embesiia jo?
^ Sabeu que un dia, al lèmps de allargà' Is' brassos
per cenyir vostre cos,
— w —
posareu, mòlt íi lèmps, devant mos passos
un ninot espantós,
Y al temps de subjectarlo, com ja veieu
lo mèu desitg burlat,
jay, ximpletas, quin ríurer, quins crits fèieu
cuant vaig sèr destapat !
Fatigats de tant temps de saltri' y ríurer,
sobre d' un camp de flors,
que r temps ab sa verdor feia reviurer,
deixabara ana' Is' cors.
L' aròraa dels rosers que ns' rodeijaban,
lo perfum dels clavells,
los cristalls de las fonts que murmuraban,
y r trinar dels aucèlls,
A un temps formaban dòlsas armonias,
sens dol ni contratemps :
regaladas y puras fantasías
de nostre passatemps.
Entre cuentos y jochs y endevinallas,
passaba l' lèmps ufa ;
lo joch dels disbarats, cuantas riallas
cuants jíscles os fèu da'.
Cuan la lletra E apurabam, ; ay, ninelas !
lo vostre pensament
os daba íJncants, Enganys, Esperansetas, c< f^c
y may Enteniment.
Temps de algun dia ;ay temps! si are tornessis
ab tos jardins de flors,
y al cel 1' anima mia trasportèssis
al mitg del meus amors.
Per bèn passat daria 1' lèmps de penas
— T48 —
que desprès he tingut...
Tòrn.iu, lèinps deliciós, auras serenas
de aquella juventut.
Mès calleu, fiels recorts... Veniu, ntnelas,
que r tòinps no passa en va ;
veníucom aquell temps tan biiillòseias,
veníulo .i record.!'.
Jo us' contaré los balls y la hermòsura
det temps de carnaval ; ,i;p
aquell gosar sens tèinps y sens mesura ii»b
de aquell temps celestial. ' !
May teniam prou lòmps ! Lo temps passaba
entre suspirs d' amor,
y Is' ulls de la nineta que triscaba
derritian lo cor.
La música vertia absa ternora
de armonia torrents,
prestant, al temps que al moviuiènt locura,
iocura als pensaments.
Las màscaras cridaires rcbullian __^„
ab brojit deliciós,
y Is' cors dintre del pit d' auiòr bulliaa
tòt a un temps : temps dilxòs.
Y han passat ja los lèmps de nostres dias
ab sos jardins de flors,
y han fugit j ay ! las nostres alegrias
y han vingut los dolors.
Lo que fóreu un temps no sòu, uinetas ,
tòtas teniu marit,
y ab los íiilets al bras os veig tristetas,
ple de pesar lo pit.
— 449 —
Recordeu aquell temps de nostre glòria
que r temps no passa en va ;
recordeu aquell lèmps en la memòria
que may mès tornarà.
Fonts.
Èra unatarde. Opaca columna de vapor
la atmosfera cubría,
y en sòrabras se tornaban la gala y resplandòr
del moribundo dia.
Finaba octubre. Inquietas las olas rebullir
sentíanse del Segre.
(1) En aquesta composició bilingüe ó, mes ben dit, de doble
llengua, pus se pót llegiren català y en castellà, se poden deduir
dos coses, à saber, la semblansa de llenguas que procedeixen de
un orijen comú, (y que en temps passat se poden baber semblat
mes,) y, encert modo, la influencia castellana en lo llenguatje
vulgar modern. Per tal motiu , lo lector podrà tol-lerar algunas pa-
raulas, ben pocas, que r autor ha introduït en sa composició,
sols admeses per are en lo llenguatje parlat, y que si be no se ad-
metrian en lo llenguatje literari ó escrit, se poden tol-lerar en est
cas, per respecte als esforsos del ingeni.
Se ha adoptat en dita composició la ortografia catalana, y, per
consegüfint, pera llejirla en castellà, basta sols que 1' lector doni
l'so ó forsa de n à la ny, y que constantment pronuncií com*
forta ó castellana sempre que trobi aquesta lletra, ja sia senzilla,
ja doble.
29
— 430 —
Ni en selvas ni en ahuras venia a refluir
ningun rumor alegre.
Pòmpas que la campinya vestian de verdor
al aire dispersaban
las turbulèntas furias del Bóreas deslruclòr,
que intensas rebramaban.
Sobre una alliva roca que circumvala fièl
la corredora linfa,
sent^base, oprimida de una amargura cruel,
desconsolada ninfa,
Ninfa que en sí atesora las galas del abril,
de una blancura tanta,
que la del alba eclipsa, de seductor perfil
que aldescubrirlo encanta.
Allí estií, y embargada en èxtasis esta'.
La vista eleva, mira
fatídica torraènta que a desplegarse v;í,
y trèmula suspira.
Suspira, y luegoesclama — «Senyor, sumo Senyor,
revoca lacondena
quea batallar me obliga. La vida es un dolor :
probarlaes una pena.
« Los dias entre angustiasse passan. Del mortal
;quésòn las alegrías?
— 431 —
si alegres se colòran, de sòmbras al igual
disípanse los dias.
«Una existència estèril ^a qué guardaria, a qué,
Senyor, si es tan amarga ?
Estèril es la mia y i ay ! de ella no sabré
sufrir la enorme carga.
« Me cansa íí rai la vida. Gauliva de. un pesar
cruel que me devora,
desesperada ansío morir y descansar.
^No sonar.i la hora?
« Miro las bruscas oias del Segre bullidòr
que estréilanse en la arena
y d sucumbir iujpulsan. La vida e^^ un dolor :
probarla es una pena.
a ^No he de morir? La fúria fermenta sobre mi
de pròxima borrasca...
Gracia, Senyor, ú horrènda vaa sepultarme aquí
i Ay ! la poslròra basca 1 » —
Tal clama convulsiva la incògnita al sentir
airada la tormènta ;
que de secretas ansias no aiina a resistir
la còlera violenta.
Y pugna entre las iràs que arrebatadas van
a destruir la plana...
l'So acudir.i à salvaria la /"e',celèste iman
del anima cristiana ?
— 432 —
Oh! sí. La Providencia no es sorda, nó, al claníiòr
de la que gràcia implora ;
y maternal amparo dispensarà y favor
à aquella pecadora
Tras la borrasca torna la atmosfera A brillar
tranqiiila y despejada ;
y logra la criatura fé y calma recobrar,
y espera ! — Esta salvada.
Roca.
DESCRIPCIÓ Y ALABANSA
DE LA VIDA CAMPESTRE.
t
COMPOSTA EN MONOSÍLABOS.
Lluny tòs y mòcs, que ú fèr vinc
lo cant do 1' Mas ( i ) d xichs trots;
y si r cap per-vers jo tinch,
han de ser curts lots los mots,
(1) Nom de las casas de camp en Catalunya.
— 455 —
com dòs y ires ne fan cinc.
Oh car Mas, tu no tens preu,
tu vals mès per mi que l'or,
de gent en tu no se n' veu,
per so t' vi.ll de mès bon cor,
per mès, Mas, que tu no èts mèu.
No pot sèr vist d' un cop d' ull
lo gust ab que visc tan gran
en lo Mas, y per so vull
fèr, si sè, de tot un plan,
y ha de sèr ab sols mitx full.
la so dret al cant del gall ;
fas mos precs a mon bon Dèu ;
y lot prest ne prenc un lall,
y ab lo gòs, qu' es .1 prop mèu,
men' vas jo cap a la vall.
Ei ! li dic: a poc, a poc...
si sènls res al camp ó al jas,
lèn bèn ferm, turc (4), com un roc,
que per cert, si vè lo cas,
ja hi sò jo que he de fèr foc.
Es de jorn que vaig al riu,
y un gros barb ix ab un am :
lòt de pas ne trec un niu
si jo r veig íí dalt d' un ram
y los vells me fan piu, piu.
. Cuan fuig lo Sol, ja me n' vas
dels plans, del mont y del bosc,
y al cant dels grills en lo Mas
(1) Nom de un gòs de cassar.
— 454 —
ab tòt gust, ans de ser fosc,
no fent fret jo sop' al ras.
En est lloc un |)lat de cols,
ab porc fresc y vi de llèy
lè tan gust, que ni tan sols
lo mès bò que s' trau al Rèy
no li sab tan bè, si vols.
En tant, veii; que vè lo Jep{i)
no fent cas de res del mòn,
y* m fa part de lo que reb
en viy gra, y me vela son
ab lo suc tan bo delsep.
No sòn las nou de bon tros
que jo ja me n' vas al llit ;
jau y dorm tan be lo cos,
que no sè si sò d la nit,
6 si al llií sòm un ó dòs.
Y lo sol no ix de bon xic,
que r cel ab son blanc y roig
del llit me ireu, yjo dic:
si en est pis se SL'nt tal goig,
que deu sòr à dalt, jo l' flic.
Y un poc ans del fi de I' any,
cuan lo temps no es cru de I' tòl,
veig los tits (com trasd' un pany)
si, ab lo vesc, qu' es dalt del brot,
ne cau cap per lo sèu dany.
Poc sè de la sol, fa, ré,
y si m' |)lau, al Mas, ó al vall,
(1) Nom del masover del Mas guanya, prop de MaureM.
ú al torn de 1' òlm, si 1' cas vé
de que Is' noys han de fèr ball,
lo grall toc', que 1' sac no n' sè.
Jo no ho dich per fèr lo boig:
en lo Mas may hi sò trist;
se fa en èll lo groc bèn roig,
fort lo flac, que jo ho he vist,
fins los vells fan salts qu' es goig.
En lo Mas se sent lo tort,
lo gaig y lo bram del ruc ;
se ou lo gall, si gruny lo porc,
que val mès qu' Is' ays del Turc
y los tirs del Rus tan fort. (1)
Èll es cert que 1' vent hi es fi,
qu' en son temps bon fret hi fa,
se veu gel, y blanch lo pi;
mès tòt lo dit val un gra,
pus tinch alls, porch y bon vi.
Totes dols, no res de fel
ni de plors hi híí en est lloch;
s' hi cull pa, vi, carn y mel,
peix, llet, ous, y tòt es poch
si a la font vas de la Rél. (2J
Oh font, si un hom de tu beu,
prest fas fam y fuig lo mal;
y si prop de tu se seu
ab plat ple de talls, fas tal
(I) Eslcant se compongué durant la última guerra dt russos
ij lurcs.
(í) Nom de una font del Mas. — Y. pàg. 86.
— Am —
que fins un mut trau la veu. (1)
De cort y gent de grans tons,
balls, punts, jocs, jo no n' fas cas,
pus ells per mi no sòn bons:
en los pins y seps del Mas
sols te gust y ple lo Pons.
Ab mon cant tan tòsc y gros,
oh bon Mas, jo t' dich à Dèu ;
si vincmès, hem'de sòr dòs,
que r sèr sol me sab mòlt greu,
y lusabsquivullquehifòs.
Si res mès vull dir de nou,
la ma trèm, y T vers no surt;
jo crec, doncs, que n' he fèt prou,
que tras tant verb y nom curt
tinc lo cap mès gros qu' un bou.
Poss.
LA MALVA.
Sobre la cual se vegé obligat V autor a improvisar.
iPensas que per fè' algun vers,
un hom se inscriu en lo gremi,
cora pel' pago del còrners.
(1) Un qae había perdut la veu, la recobri.
— 457 —
y que, sens fèrli un mal ters,
se li pot enviar apremi?
Apremi! Com qui no hi toca!
Los empleats del gobern sòn
homes per iraurens' la moca,
y arrancar d' arrel y soca,
ab apremis, lòt lo mòn.
Y com all;i, al' oficina,
escanyan la gent per broma,
si se Is' tors la barretina,
apremi !... y si algú rundina
lo baldan d' un cop de ploma.
Apremi ! Vej;ím per qué :
apremía I' burinot,
perquè li escrigui a Perièr
un flor, y eslich, no sè,
per enviarli un escardot.
No fora pólvora en salva;
massa s' podria punx.1';
com no mès sò un mosca balba,
val mès enviarli una malva,
que al mèu geni millor va.
Y no es un regalo xich
lo regalo d' una malva:
es digne d' un bon amich.
Cúll-la, puig pots, sens fatich,
y sabs que 1' ocasió es calva.
Flors trobaràs mès bonicas,
que l' trastornaran lo cap,
flors mès galanas, mès ricas,
mès, en son tòt y en sas micas,
— 458 —
Útils com la malva, cap.
Si r Senyor l' envia mals
per probarle la virtut,
ciian tu traclis de suals',
veur.is que, entre las cordials,
la flor de malva es salut.
Per reblandí' una durícia,
y endolcir lòt mal, fins V asma,
deus confessar, en justícia,
que es la cosa mès propicia
de malvas un cntaplasma.
Los seus perfums son enganys
per las parts mès delícadas.
jCuan bè produheixen sos banys!
No fassis mals ai)aranys
de las malvas, si i' enfadas.
Bona es la flor, com la fulla :
a la malva res igual i ;
si a un nen lo ventre s' embulla,
te donaní, y uo per bulla,
un tronc per [)0sarlí cala.
Ponderin altres la rosa;
altres cantin lo clavell :
per lòl liòn la malva s' posa,
si trobas milió' altre cosa,
pots planlarlela al clatell.
insta, si vols, ab apremís,
que ab los apremís no t' salvas;
encara que ab ells in' exprèmis,
sols te enviaré, y no l' cremis,
flors, fullas y troncs de malvas.
SoltPjidris.
459 —
A UN AIICH ARTICULISTA,
PERO NO DE FONDO.
Alabani, amich, al.ibam,
sinó m' quedaré com sò!
Tu que t' tractes ab lo poble,
y que tens lo fèije gros
^qué t' costa fèrme esqueneta
perquè m' conegui 1' gran mòn?
Jo prou recordo Is' consells
del que m' donaba llissó,
però aquell home ;í I' antiga
encare no hi veia prou.
€ Pera sèr alguna cosa,
deia, se ha de saber mòlt. »
Blasfèmia (ju' insnite al sigle,
pus tothom es bo per tòt :
la proba esta en que I' bon home
morí pobre en un reco.
No sè r mèu cap hòn arriba,
però sí crech que com jo
o' hi híí mès de mil dotzenas
que passan per filòsofs,
per sabis universals
y per persònas de pro,
que parlen de guerra y música,
química, navegació,
— 460 —
filolojía, heràldica
y de cuant parlarse pót,
sense que aíjuesta gimüaslica
de cervell los canse, nó.
Però jo dech confessarho:
lo cas es que per mès cops
que doni als llibres, per mès
que vulgui fèr lo doctor,
veig que si algú no ni' ajuda
may agafaré bon nom.
Jo prou voldria sèr serio,
y sèr un poch misteriós,
però jqué! la llengua m' tènta,
parlo franch, y ho perdo tòt.
Tant que han forjat los gabatxos,
y no han sabut los ximplots
inventar alguna m.iquina
pera fèr sa bis en gros.
De las lletras no m' en parlis!
La literatura s' mort
escanyada per la garra
dels inhumans editors;
son terreno es invadit
per paletas sense front,
y lo qu* es piijòr, amich,
que tu, sense saber com,
los recomanas y ensalsas,
deixant enderròra Is' bons,
y disfrassant malament
als mals ab casacas d' or.
Ja sè que no linch diners
— Jí&\ —
(y es cosa que mòlt me cou)
ni perasèr numismatich,
que faria un poch de bo,
si lu fèsses lo que deus ;
ja sè que des que no sò
alia en ma rònega terra
rèy de cègos, va pitjor
pera mon nom y ma fama,
pus en la ciutat del Born,
per la abundància de víures
cap parròquia es celòs ;
mès, iíí tu qué t' costaria,
ni que sia a poch a poch,
darme ajuda en tal apuro
ab un adjectiu ó dòs?
Podrias comensar bè,
y luego fèr un va y tòt.
Oh temps, temps ! quin temps aqueix!
Maleliida ma ambició,
malehida ma franquesa,
y, encare mòlt mès qu' això,
ho sia la confraria
que per confrare no ra' vol.
Pera fèr bè la comèdia,
no ns' queda ja altre conort,
que probar de tocà' V bombo,
ja que toco 1' violòn.
Agafa r estil que vulguis ;
proclama, per Dèu, mon nom,
y tràctam... com .1 las píndulas
de Holoway ó Morrissòn !
— 4H2 —
Espero, donclis, que feras
per mi lo que fa tothom.
Alabain, aiDÍch, al;íl)am,
si no m' quedaré com sòü
EN LO ALBUH DE D.' ffl. DE V.
^•Versos demanas, Manuela,
per un àlbum hòn ha escrit
lo bo y millor de Madrit?...
Fresca est.is si altre candela
no lèns per anar al llit !
Si no escrich mès que bambòllas,
dirme podr.is que sò ruch ;
jo serio escriurcr no puch :
no es bufar y fèr am|)òllas
fèr versos que linguian such.
Abaixo m' sembla, minyona,
si Dèu no hi posa la m.i,
(|ue sens vers mèu surlir.i
ton àlbum de Barcelona,
que no raja d' hòn nò hi ha.
— 465 —
Prou m' aprèto la m.í al front
y apoyo 1' colze en la taula...
però, ca ! ni una paraula
digna de ton àlbum, hòn
no s' hi tol-lèra cap maula.
Com linch de fèrlio no sè !
Tant m' òmpla la pipa 1' joch,
qu' estich per tirar al foch
los llibres, ploma y papé',
y no fèr versos en lloch.
Si sabessis com esticli
ab lo viatge amòhinat,
lindrias de nií pietat,
y haurias a ton amich
de tant apuro lliurat.
La una in' vè: «portam un vano;»
la altra: «mucadòrs, barrets,
ollèras, llibres, xiulets...»
^Penseu que sò algun gitano
ó algun marxant de Ihiquets?
Y corre pel' passap.ort ;
despedéixte dels amichs...
això sí que son fatichs :
jo no sè com no m' han mort
a encaixadas y pessichs.
Ay, Manuela, no puch mès
y caich rendit al sofà !
Tu a la vida m' pots torna':
séntat al piano y fés
ta dòlsa veu ressona'.
Aquella veu sens rival
— 464 —
del mateix cel envejada,
que Dèii, per gràcia extremada,
te dona, penjue I' morlal
r ascollia ab boca badada.
Jo no sè pas dalt del cel
los àngels com cantar.in;
però si bè com tu ho fan,
beneit sia Gabriel
entonadòr del cor sant.
Madureira, T gran cantor
per qui Dèu s' entusiasmaba,
iqué es .i prop tèu ? es un raba.
Cuan tu cantas, al Senyor
li cauhen tres pams de baba.
Si això no tè such ni bruch,
y no t' agrada tampoch,
tira esta fulla ab un roch
al mar, que no sò tan ruch
que m' enfadi per tan poch.
Sol t PioRis.
— 465 —
EN 10 WGRUffl (1)
Pel' cap de ningú ha passat
pensament tan aturdit.
Un àlbum negre has armat!
Posat, Ton, las mans al pit,
y confessa qu' èts un gat.
Un pensament tan estrany,
èxit d' un cap sense seny,
del cervell d' un cap cigrany,
no passarà sens un reny
de ton amich y company.
Un àlbum negre ! Carau !!
això es obra d' un jueu,
es un desordre, es un frau,
es dir qu' es negra la nèu,
es pintar nano a San Pau.
Un nígrum no es mès que rònya,
es la essència de la tinya,
sols tenirlo pot un trònya,
ó bè un cego que no hi guinya.
(1) En lo nígrum, al revés dels àlbums bón no hi ha mes qu'
ulabansas, sols s' hi permília escriurer picardias. Juscpb Sol lo
ioaugurà en ocasió que 1' duenyo del llibre paUa una enfermetat
uerviòsa.
50
_ 4Gtí —
ó un home sense vergonya.
No pensis qu' el Dèu de Isaach
deixi impune tal renèch ;
enviar;í del cel un drach,
sens fèr cas de ton gemèch,
per donaria un cop de sach.
Jo no m' guardo res al pap,
y t'juro, ú fe de Joseph,
que n' has arrancat bon nap :
mentre has armat ta! julep,
s' ha tornat blanch lo tèu cap.
Coménsa a ensulivd' 1' glop,
y no l' amaguis al cup
perdeslliuraríe del llop,
que si la bilis escup,
te deixar;! com un xòp.
Conténtat ah 1' èntretoch,
que no t' dich cuanl dirte puch ;
mès, si m' apurasun poch,
i' etzibaré tal retruch
que t' quedis mès mort qu' un roch.
La teva vista ja diu
que de plats n' has trencat prou.
Gréume ; fès lluny de aquí 1' niu,
que pót empaitarte 1' bou,
y baixa mòlta aigua al riu.
Y r emplaslra del clatell
que t' tè enrabanat lo coll ?
si are sols t' alsa la pMl,
te xuclarà fins al moll,
y t' deixar.1 fèt un vell.
— 407 —
Y cuan siguis vell xaruch,
cargolat com un pessich,
si r cor te rosega V cuch,
pensaríís en ton amich,
qu' escriu sense such ni brucli.
Ab això, Antonet, quielut,
y no m' agafis lo bòt,
que ja veus que no sò aixut ;
y t' ho xarraria lòt....
Donchs, gubernarshi. Salut!
Sol t Padms.
1^ m\ MUNDRU.
SONETO.
íRenègas, Lluch, de nostre pare Adam
perquè sa forta propensió al Uepura
portíí per consecuencia lo costum
de traballar per no morir de fam ?
i No veus que lo iraball es lo reclam
de la virtut, y que esta es lo perfum
que erabalsama la vida, que s' consum
com tèya a qui lo vent assota I' flam?
^No veus que tant lo rèy com lo vassall
— 468 —
penan si lo esperit no gira actiu
sobre los pols, lo son y lo traball?
^No veus que 1' oci es lo foment mès viu
del negre tedi, y que en aquest trist vall
per sèr íelís se lia de olvidar que s' viu i'
EsTniDA.
4 w^ ^^luoirsanro•»
SONETO.
Al fort impuls de juvenil frisansa .
sa musa parí un drama tan canyiula,
que lo vèntel que I' públicli fa cuan xiula,
mortals barretas li causa, y no es xansa.
Foll de ràbia, s' fèu crílich per venjansa
de tòt entén, y a tòl autor que piula
la pell li lleva ab càustica manxiula,
y ven per sèu lo que s' publica en Fransa.
Ja may sa cara verda esta de filis ;
y tan la enveja li consum lo fetge,
que sols verí segrega en llocb de bilis,
mal que no cura ni 1' mès sabi metge,
Amicli lector, si l' trobas, los ulls Llpat ;
no t' cègue algun esqui tx de aqueix cal.ipat.
ESTIAÜA.
— 469 —
A UN GiEiPERUT
PRECIAT DE ENAMORADÒR.
SONETO.
^Noveus, Anton, aquell malfèl trompitxo
que, mès que de home, de camell lè fatxa?
pues sa motchllla eterna no 1' empatxa
per fèr 1' aleta .1 cuantas pot lo bitxo.
Si solta algun epigrammatich ditxo
cuant burla fa de lòia agena tatxa,
la noya que I' escolta, se emborratxa
de amor per èll, y no es estrany capritxo.
Que est nou Cupido, com no es mica totxo,
jafèoi lo entremaliat, ja lo santutxo,
en tots los cors intrépit obre bretxa.
Y inay, per falta de armas, esta mòtxo,
que son gèp, gros com popa de falutxo,
es lo buirach liònt porta tanta fletxa.
Estrada.
— 470
A una senyora dita Alberta, felicitüntla per sos
dias y comolantla en lo sentiment de férseli je-
suïta un... que tenia, anomenat
A mòlts mils almenla'
un porlènto peregrí
fèu un home tòt diví
ab cinch peixos y poch pa.
Es cert que Is' multiplicà
en caniilat infinita,
mès no diu la sacra cita
que un peix hi pogués haber,
que en lo temps vingués .1 sèr
un hermano jesuila.
Un peix tenia al bartrol
que seria dels lliscans,
pus li ha fugit d' entre mans
dèixantla plena de dol.
Ay, viudeta sens consol !
y perquè tanta ternnra ?
Aqueix mal ja no te cura :
y que acas perquè un peix fuig,
— 47Í —
ha detenir tal enuig
que no tinga altre ventura?
Dona vista A un pobre ciègo
en cert lèmps d' un peix lo fel,
y per medi de Rafel
n' eixí un casament luego ;
mès, Vostè, tenint apego
a un peix que no es del mar,
ha quedat sense casar,
sens ganya, escata ni greix,
ab la canya sense peix
y ab sols ulls pera plorar.
Aléntias, no obstant, senyora,
celebri ab goig Sani Albert,
y no tinga lo capvert
ja que es mala pescadora :
fora llanto, peca fora ;
rails plers tinga en aquest dia,
que si un peix ab lino y guia
sa companyia ha deixat,
Alberta, es perquè ha trobat
altre millor Companyia.
Poss.
— 472 —
DESGRACIAS DEL CASSADOR DE AüCÉllS.
Passarèlls!... Jo t' flich quin vol!
com cent reir.'is caüéu.
Cuan vosaltres tornareu
ú fé que farà bon sol.
Ja tòrnan ; fan lo revol
y vénen per la ma dreta.
Dóna la munta!... mès dreta ;
ala, tira, que ja hi sòn.
Alia víi.... Mal liaja 1' mòn !
Se m' ha romput la maneta.
Tons t de Fl-ster.
LO CASSADOR NOVELL.
Al cap de munt d' aquell faitg
un aucèll sembla que hi veitg,
que, encare que negre y llèitg,
figura mès gros qu' un gaitg.
— 475 —
Tot arrupit me n' hi vaitg.
Li úro.... Xach! jo m' enuitg;
prench la escopeta d' En Puig,
torno a apuntarlo al bell mitg,
de plòraas faitg un esquitg,
V r aucèll encara fuitg.
Pons y de Fcster.
(f un espanyol català, contra Is' catalans mal cas-
tellanisats.
En Uoch de buscar bon mestre
que en castellà parli al noy,
pren la moda per sistema
r especial D. Anton,
y en castellà vol que parli
ab criadas y ab tòt hom....
Los fills que lingan tals pares,
no seran mals traductors.
Pera dònarse mès to,
un minyó del Priorat
diu que no se li recorda
lo parlar en català,
aleganl per gran motiu
— 474 —
que ha estat en Itàlia un any,
y així en castellà .i lòthom
parla sense pietat.
;Qué tal farà ab òixa llengua,
si ha olvidat la natural?
En Jaumet Taula, que n' èra
rata de barco cuan noy,
fèu fortuna en las Americas
y s' và vestir de senyor.
Cuan ha tornat à Calella
l' indiano poderós,
ha dit que del català
no n' conservaba recort,
y en proba, que fins traduit
ha portat son propi nom.
Are s' diu Don Santiago
de Mesa, uiès, per això,
no cregueu qu' èll s' ho escrigué,
pus may ha sabut la 0.
Quina llàstima que tornin
catalans de tan gran cor!
Vol descendir de Waraba
don Sebastià,
y arc, al passarse noble,
s' ha fet donar
un títol en que csplica
que n' èran ja
sos avis en Segarra
senyors feudals;
— 475 —
mès alpensarsel' títol,
no ha calculat
qu'es un nom de Castilla...
Quétal?qué tal?
Content estiga 1' home,
lo demés ray.
EPITAFIS.
Jau aquí un representant
de un partit que mana un dia.
— Com tantas caras tenia,
no li trobaren devant.
^ Aquí tota glòria acaba:
lo Mariscal D. Sever,
ab la creu de Calatrava,
tussó d' or, Càrlos tercer...
— Mès pesantas las portaba
la nació ab tal cavaller.
Dessota esta llosa esta
loquímich D. Juan de Roscas
— 476 —
la elèctrica llum busca.
— Volgué als demés enlluerna' ,
ycU se ha quedat a las fòscas.
Aquí jàuhen dòs barbers.
— Poch valen : per dòs un vers?
Aquí estd lo cos sencer
de un gitano, que vivia
ab la dòlsa companyia
dels íills, del ase, y muller.
Ells ab sentiment cruel
pregan per s' anima en pena.
— Ja t' torraràs be la esquena :
brams d' ase no van al cel.
Jau aquí un Hibre-cambista
espanyol, y dels entesos.
— 0 èra venut als inglesos,
ó èra un gran contrabandista.
Morir volgué en Catalunya
aquest notable milort.
Fòu amich de Lord Jon Rússell,
de Ragland y Palmerslon. * > <ií^
— Si al vent no dònansascendras
tinch pòr de revolució.
Aquí jau Kobber dentista
dels de mès fama en son temps.
— 477 —
— D' aquest sí que me n' alegro:
no n' veurem tants sense dents.
«A la memòria del dncle
que r cel gosa, sos nebots. »
Y en la tomba dòs estatuas
que estan fent lo ploricó!
—Veureu que llurs plors no hi bastan,
y fan plorar dòs ninots.
Tapa eixa llosa lo clot
hòn hi descansa un empleat.
— Anem : aquest li han portat
perquè hi tè d' haber de tòt.
Calvet.
LLENGUATJE ANTICH.
— 48J —
CARTA DEL RÈY EN JOAJí I.
A P. ÇA-COSTA,
son escriba de ració é conseller (1).
Plasèr nos fèu vostra letra
é r ardit que ns' trameté.
La que are vos escrivim
es per dirvos, que huy mateix
rebrà En Galceran Dortigues,
per una altre, manauiènt,
que us' faça procuració
bastant, pus que axí convé,
cl véndrer del patrimoni
tan que s' liaie, fins facets
complits deu milia florins :
dòs mil per acorrimènt
de la rèyna de Sicilià
é la infanta que ab ella es.
(t) Lo conteugut de eixa poesia es purament historich, pns es
la extracció, ó mes be traslació , de diferentas noticias esparji-
des entre las mòltes cartas qae s' troban en los Selles secrets de
Joan I, guardats en lo Arxiu de la corona de Aragó, especialment
en los de número 1952, 1953, y principalment de 1954, de manera
que, Uejintlos desprès de haber llegit la carta, se pot tenir lo goig
de anar descubrint y contemplant la veritat dels fets historichs
que s' menciònan, ab la mateixa fraseolojia antiga en que s' tro-
ban escrits, y sols ab la petita diferencia qne exijeix la forma poè-
tica.
31
— VÍ82 —
pus soferen gran fretura ;
é Is* vuit mil, ja ho conexeu,
los trametrem à Cerdenya.
Tracteu ivarçòsaiiiènl
é cuiteu les dites vendes
si estimau ú vostre rèy,
é avantatge 6 desvantatge
per Nos, amich, no y guardets,
pus hi entrevènga la carta
perpelual de gràcia. Adés
d' altre afòr volem parlarvos,
é es que Roma ns' trau de seny,
que en lo fèt del matrimoni
faedòr, si plaurà íí Dòus,
entre Yolant nostra fila
é Loys que es de Nàpols rèy,
no vol mirar lo Sant Pare
que no ha acostumat jamès
Daragó 1' casal donar
ú cap filla de sos ròys
en exovar, ées axí,
cinquantè mil lliures: cent
trenta milia florins
d' or Daragó, axó vol èll.
Es lo Sant Pare en tal obra
mijançanl é entrevinènt,
mòs lo vezcòmte de Roda,
nostre car cosí, es qui deu,
junt ab mossèn Eymerich
de Centelles, fèr lo fèt.
Quatre mil florins nos costa,
— 485 —
pus d' ells 11* han de fèr present,
si bè que ab secret e astúcia,
al cardenal de Vivers.
Al regraciar sa obra,
li trametem deius plec
cinch letres, las quals estan
menys de sobrescrlt, perquè
èll las drecia als cardenals
que li serà vijares.
^E a pesar de tants esforç,
é de tants escrits après,
creuriau que no hem' pogut
lograr lo bisbat Durgèli
per lo bon Tomàs Olzina,
nostre confesòr de lèmps?
Pel' sagristà de Mallorques
la tal provisió s' ha fèt ;
mès, no hi fa ; la bisbal taula
consignarà, com creem,
rendals milia florins d' or
al dit Tomàs, fins que Deus
cessar fasse algun bisbat
deçà mar, é atorgament
baia de pla en pla de Roma.
Ènlre clergues é juhèus
cregau que foll nos tornam.
En Vich hi ha lo cavaller
Andreu Puig, que contra 1' bisbe
ha aixecat lo somatènt,
saquejant lòt son palau.
En Barcelona es mòlt mès ,
— 484 —
pus lo bisbe contradiu
é fa contradir als seus
.í pagar en las deniandas
que manam generalment
essèr fètas per la fèsla,
que tan necessària es,
de nostra coronacirt ;
é sobre açó, no res menys,
contra nostres deputats
ha fèt fèrenantamènts.
Ofensa es esta que lòrna
de Nos en mòlt gran menyspreu ,
de la dignitat rèyal
en perjudici evident ,
derogació es de costum
usitada de lònch tòmps
per nostres predecessors,
may contradits en tal fèt.
Mèsja sab nostre algutzir
ròyal En Pere Febrer
com lia de explicar al bisbe,
(pus ho comanam .1 èll,)
nostra letra de creença.
De certa ciència volem,
dintre 1' espay de deu jòms,
que r bisbe élo qui com èll
se rebella a nostre honor,
perturbant nostres afers,
de la nostra senyoria
sia èxit de mantinènt,
pus d' ella cap, rèy é príncep
— 48S —
et senyor nos ha fèt Deus,
é si sòn dins atrobals,
un bell castich ne farem.
També altres clergues recusan
i nostre rèyal porièr
de nos satisfer les dècimes
que r Sant Pare resolgué
atorgarnos per dòs anys,
mès nostre enginy sab remey :
si la comissió menaça,
pus volenteròsamènt
pagaran spaòrdils,
mas sens ferirlos en res,
que ns' desplau que nul hom sofri,
si s' regonex innocent.
Per so se posan irats
los que fan mal als julièus,
que nostra justícia es recta,
é aquell que la fa, la reb.
Un eximpli en los domesticlis
de nostra cambra os darem,
pus prengueren de la aljama,
d ops del palau del rèy,
algunes robes de lit,
que hem' manat se tornian prest,
castigant als robadors
é als robats tornant lo sèu.
Entre los jueus hi ha
homens com altres també,
que luny de essèr fatiguats,
blandits deurian essèr.
— /ise —
Per Nos pochs hi li;í com Gresques,
r aslrolich perpinyanés
de casa nostra, que sols
noslèixa persa muller
que tenia en Avinyó,
mas perquè no s' lunyi, iiavem
manat que sa esposa vingué,
éaxíja may no I' perdrem.
Diran que Alatzar Irlluf
se escusa de que no lè
lo crucifix ysloriat,
que en un drap de raç se veu,
locual de nostra capella
èra abans; mòs pitjor es
que guardi EnJoi)ande Muntròs
nostra corona, la que
volem que ans de Tots Sans
sia quitada : tan prest
com la recobreu, sens falla
enviatslans de continent.
Nou cònts florins Alatzar
per quedar béns' ha bestrets,
encara que assegurança
ha pres en nostres joyèlls.
Tres coses are ns' faiigan :
la coronació una es,
la traslació faedòra
de nostre pare a Poblet,
é la salut del delfí,
si be de ella poch se n' lèm
Francesch Conill nostre físich.
— 487 —
Perla primera fareu
saber al comte de Prades,
que r cavall de pel d' argent
de que tan curós esta,
6 V cossèr que poseéix,
sens igual, de pel baix negre,
pera tal festa esperem.
Ja ns' piau I' altre den Pinós,
lo qual que es per altri creu,
mès per altri, bèn cert sia
no r desencavalcarém.
En Garcia, lo company
del archabisbe, nos lèx
una mula de pel baix
escur, quaix negre ; é al rèy
de Castella hem' demanat,
fa poch, dòs rocins genets,
que sien d' Andahicia.
Lo mul gris que es den Jenèr
serà a ops de nostres andes,
que en tal festetx sòn de mès.
Cotas no ns' en mancaran,
mès per la rtillòr temem,
pus lo brodadòr se quèixe
é diu que no tindrà temps,
perquè no ha rebut En Tosto
1' or de Xipre: si arribes
lo brodadòr de Brabant,
tòt això no fóra rès,
é si r pintor Jaco Tuno,
que a la Varna demanem,
— 488 —
sabés sortir de Paris.
No obstant, si no s' enllesteix,
portarem la que ns' envia,
é esta ja en nostre poder.
En Lluis de Montegaudio,
marexaiit del Papa, ó bè
una hopa de xamellol
que brodà En Cupí fa un mès;
sinó, una de las altres
tres hopes que ns' estan fent
de escarlata de Bruxelles,
color morat ó vermell,
ó bè de drap florentí,
anomenat clar burèll,
que tindran mil cinch cents dorsos,
per fòrro, de vayres bells.
i Qué bè ab lal roba aniria
una àguila d' argent
daurada a ops deia fuseta!
Encercdts quin fóra I' preu.
Sol un ornament nos manca
que r de Roda busca adés ;
nostre cosí l' rèy de França
la empresa enviarnos deu
ques' diu del cèrvo volant,
é que Nos portaria hem'
per amor sua, pus Nos
la del àguila també
li darem, perquè la portia
per nostra amor, pus convé
fèr véurer qiie n' hi ha ènlre abdòs
— 489 —
mès que no s' cuyden la gèni.
Veéts nostra pena primera:
per la segona us' preguem
que regonegats de nits,
vos solé lo pus secret,
si r cors del rèy nostre parc
put encara, é 1' estament
en que s' troba, perquè al vint
del pus prop mès de jenèr
se ha de trasladar sens falla.
De tòt ço que es menester
à aquella solemnitat
apercebiscatsvos bè,
é rametiatsnos irellat
de la ordinació que beu' fèt,
perquè siam assabentats
Nos él' abat de Poblet.
Féu que bon recapte dò
a tòt ço lo tresorer.
La salut del primogènit
es lo que ns' fa pensar mès,
car no s' es prou bè sentit
la nit que passada havem.
Volem, donchs, que irametats
una carrega de pèx,
ab algú de vostre ofici,
al bon prior et convent
de la Cariòxa, a Terraça,
encarregant preguen Déus
perla salut del delfí,
é que sia lo pus prèsl :
— 490 —
ó hi tramelréts de recaple,
ó hi aniréts vòs mateix.
TaDt amam a nostre íill,
que buscam tòl son plalièr.
Portauli, si llòst est;í,
lo desitjat taulerét,
é i niès de això, una altre cosa:
una ballesta volem,
ab arch de dòs pahns é mig,
é lo íibrer que sia fèt
per sos fets é ses mesures,
ab senyals rèyals en èll,
ab vires, é ab matraçes,
é enviíítsli de continent.
Oh ! pel' dia de Nadal
un gran vestit li hem' promès,
drap de seda domasquí,
blau ó tcnat, ó bè vert,
ornat ah cent vayres grisos;
èEn Francesch de Vilardell,
argenter, nos trametr.i
per un de sos dexèblets,
dòs esmalts per pare é fill,
r un d' aur é 1' altre d' argent
r albaní que fòt li n' sia
lo cubreix nostre cofret.
Ans que sortiu de la còrl,
vos parlarem d' altre fèt :
vejclu si es satisfeta
laquitació é benifèts
als rainistrèrs ordinaris.
— m —
que en casa nostra sòn íleu.
Pere de Bas et son fill,
Johanoí, é altre que va ab èll
que s' diu Nicliolau dels órguens,
él' del arpa, Martinet,
ab Benditxo lo trompeta,
venen a vòs que Is' quitets
ço que ab albarans se Is' deguia,
es a dir, als dòs primers
solament llur quitació ,
éals altres vestits a mès,
que seran, segons Uibrea,
fets de drap blanch et vermell.
Espatxàulos, que prest puxen
tornar a nostre servey.
No pensets per açó, no,
que r nombre dels ministrcrs
haiam Nos multiplicat,
car Gaiter, Canche et Jaquet
havem manat raure' ja
del libre, al posar aquells.
Oper estos ó per vòs
féu que En Duran, 1' argenter,
envihi prest los esmalts
que li comanam d' argent
et de fayçó, pus encare
En Pifet ni cap lo tè
dels altres que l' acòmpanyan.
Ab lo que trobareu pler
serà en sentir a Everlí
é als dòs companyòns que ab èll
— 492 —
hem' retenguls prop de Nos,
com òra abans Colinel.
Lo primer tenia 1' duch
Dostarixa «i son servey,
mès, per tal com un y altre
tenen gran fama deessòr
los millors minisirèrs que liaia
en lo mòn, per ço Is' volem.
Preguntàho .i qui conega
lo que de bons minislrèrs
es la aptesa é suficiència.
Lo rèy de França fa temps
que ns' demana si prestarli
lo dit Everlí volem :
ja ho fariam, si sabèssem
r acuUimcnt queli faès,
car no voldriam jamay,
é es nostre vijares,
que s' diga hi haje en lur art
qui millor pogués haver
que Nos minisircrs tan aptes.
Si us' parlam françòsamènt,
vos donarem la rahó
perquè ns' costa, é es que Is' rèys
de Castella el de Navarra
é r comte de Foix grans prcchs
nos feren, perquè Is' lexassem
al referit Colinet,
lo qual, junt ab Matadanca
se n' es anat i mès sabeu
lo fèt que abdòs nos jugaren?
— A95 —
À França fugiren prest,
hòn lo bon duc de Torena,
nostre cosí, Is' retengiié.
Den Matadança ho senliain
perquè, com ja vòs sabeu,
en cornamusa no hi ha
altre mès apte é entès.
Mès, den Colinet diguérem
«Nos nos flixarém bè d' èll,
pus mentre a Everlí tingam,
millor no gosa altre rèy. »
Lo de Foix, sabent que íí Flandres
a Everlí enviar volem,
perquè de novella guisa
vaige íi comprar esturraènts,
rail oferiments nos f;i,
pregantnos que, de present,
per son deport, alguns jorns
lideixam passar ab èll,
que èll nos trametrà Huelin
é Johan, los millors que èll tè,
si be ab esiurmènls vendran
de vella guisa. També
lo duch de Borgunya ns' diu,
portantne semblant intent,
que ns' lexara Johan del órgens,
lo germà den Gilabert,
lo que ab èll aportarà
son renombrat exaquiijr.
Guant siats a nostre costat,
de lòt açó parlarem.
— 494 —
Os farem los dcrrèrs càrreclis
ans que metam lo sagòU,
é après vos darem la paga
que tan justa merexeu.
Procuren que las dòs cotas
que promèlercm, d' açèr,
al ròy deTrimiccn, sian
de tota boça, perquè
volem sia V donatiu
que enviam a Al)dorramen,
digne com lo que ú la rèyna,
nostra companyòna, òll fòu.
Segons cert ardit, no ha en cor
encaro de com parer
lo de Ampurias, é en les forces
de son còmdat s' establex,
liòn tan com por.i s' defensa
deia execncióó procés;
mès de Catalunya ja
les hosts ajustar f;iróm,
sens contar dòs centes lances
que hem' soldejades, é après
sobre Castelló, en persona,
é sos pillarts é castells
hem' de anar, sens levar mà,
. fins que haiam eniegramènl
acabat ab lo rebelle.
Voldriam are saber
qué n' ha fèl Anton Jovals
dels llibres de son parent
En Ponç, pus li demanam
— 493 —
quins èran los esturmènls
que troba d' astrologia ,
si hi ha strelaus ó sperns,
quadrants, armèlles ó cafres,
lo que èll ja nos escojeis ;
mès dels llil)res no respon,
com tampoc hem' sabut res
den Pere Corts, lo maestre
en sacra pagina, que
guarda lo Valeri Maxim ,
qual libre escrit en paper
tenia den Pere Boyl
en prenda, pagant per èll
uns vint )• cinchüorins d' or.
Axí, donclis, no ns' oblidets,
ja que no podem lexir;
é a En Pere Palau direu,
linènt les claus del arxiu,
que vos dò, é la ns' trametréts,
la Bíblia antiga en hebraich,
é, envalopada é ab segell,
la col•loqui, é bèn ligada,
perquè no s' façia malvèr.
Quant vingam, nostra posada
no serà hòn vòs os penseu :
la rèyna estarà en la casa
den Batista, lo correu,
hòn sol posar larchabisbe
de Saragòça quant vè ;
lo delfí et les infantes
en las casas los volem
_ 490 —
den Míírgens ó Conamines;
el Nos preferim mòlt mès
estar als Preycadòrs,
^é no dirieu perquè? *
perquè allí sempre en la caça
domestica ns' delitem,
pus, tancats tots los forats
é albellòns, é .i mès .i mès
totes les finestres baxes
del ort, dintre d' èll y met
lo nostre compertidòr
de Caules ó Granollers
lébres vives que caçam ;
é fins, si en lo viver
no hi h;í pèx viu, n' hi fòm métrer
pus també hi trobam plazer.
Mès no os aprcsets cncare
eixa vegada, perquè
de la gl.inola ns' guarim,
que en Barcelona sabem
es ja r mal epidomial.
Fugiu, fugiu, amich, d' èll,
que, ab èix motiu, sens escusa
ni triga venir deveu.
Veniu, que Is' dias que ns' rcslan
los podréts disfrutar bè,
pus tenim ja preparat
un plan de caça mòlt bell,
é tots junts, creéts, Ça-Gosla,
qu' hem' de passar bè lo temps.
Lo cervo havem den Simón,
— 497 —
é r den Ferrères també,
la dayna de la Dreçana
els faysans den Figueret.
Nostre car frare lo duch
deMontblanch nos ha trames
dos cans sorguins, que no hi sòn
en tòt França mès laiigèrs,
é una dotzena escullida
de Saragossans coltells ;
corns de muntèr sòn sens nombre,
é d' un cert nebot havem
dòs alans bells com sos noms:
r un Amadis, 1' altre Ogèl;
alans é alanas no n' faltan,
é giiardam dòs grans lebrèrs
de Castella, que En Queralt
nos prestarà. En Bonèll
ha temprat é mès íí punt
son falcó, é aport lo sèu
En Salvador; é 1' Durrea
portarà los seus garcets,
que afaytats sòn à perdiu,
é a la garza, é juntab ells
lo bon falcó pelegrí
den Bertran, que es agronèr ;
é del begué de Villenes
de grossa presa n' havem
un astor qiie es bo à corp ;
altres que van volentèrs
al milà ó arpèlla, é mòlts
3S
— 498 —
raudals d' ayre é grucrs,
grifauts, sacres, bons de grassa,
mallorquins, sors, lunicenchs,
é íi mès de lòls los falcons,
fins tenim astors norechs.
Sols de ribera ns' en manquen
que en França se troban prest,
é un n' liaguèrem si ça enrera
no r haguèssem Nos promès
al cardenal de Valencià,
per havernos fèt saber
que r onso, en nostre Rèyal,
é Is' cèrvos han pensat bè.
Lo falcó que Nos volriem,
é per qui escrites havem,
per la escarcèlla de Pisa,
Gènova é Flandres, al menys
vint lelres, es lo grifaut
blanc, r únich que axí s' coneix,
que tè lo duch de Borgunya,
nostre car oncle : mès lè
lo bon duc de sos barons
é sa terra sentiment
que r faran emperador,
é no pensa en altre res.
Veniu, donchs, prest, car En Pere,
veniu, é no vos torneis
com nostre amidi, 1' archabisbe
de Saragossa, que, dès
que es archabisbe, no es ja
caçador com altre temps :
— 499 —
veniu a fèr eixa caça,
que, al retornar, ja n' faréna
altre contra Is' que fautòrs
foren dels perseguimènts
que s' faèren contra iSos:
curt ha de essèr lo procés,
é mes curtes les enquestes,
mès la paga, ja ho veuréai.
No Is' han de valer filats
6 sendères als dolèns.
Os atènch ab cor d' amich,
é axi lo temps no alonguets.
Lo rèy de França a Bolunya
vaja per fèr tractament
de pau, é lo d' Inglaterra
entre, per èix fi, a Calés,
é r Darminia facial' sort;
Nos de guerra tractarem,
mès guerra tan agreable
que val mès que la pau d' ells.
Si no us' mou letra tan lònga,
pensarem que no ns' ameu,
pus en ella havem escrit
mès que no escrigué En Batet,
aquell que escribia Is' libres
al gran rèy En Pere Terç. •
Veniu, que 1' amich espera :
veniu, que us' ho mana 1' rèy.
—Dada fòu en Vilafrancha
que se n' diu del Penedès,
— 500 —
ú vint y tres de setembre,
mil tres cents vuytanta set.
— Lo RÈY JoHAN. — Dirijirse
aquesta letra se deu
& P. Ça-Costa, escribíí
que es de ració é conseller.
BOPARUU.
Fí.
RUBRICA ALFABÈTICA
DELS NOMS DELS AUTORS,
AB SAS COMPOSICIONS IIESPECTIYAS.
SEGOQNS.
Pàtria 15
Sentiment 43
Amor 97
Romansos 147
Tribut ; .... 283
Religió 399
Passatemps 443
Llenguatje antich 479
A.
ARIBAU, Bonaventura Carlos.
Ama pàtria 17
AGUILÓ, Mariano, ( Mallorquí J
Una visita als morts 80
La mort del caballèr 196
A un xiprer 313
— 502 —
AGUILÓ, Tomàs. (Mallorquí.)
Flors y estrellas 133
Sa conlessa de Vallric 229
Sa taca de sang 232
AMER, MiçueZ Ticíoria, (Mallorquí. )
ADèu íí Mallorca. '.' .^•:^?". ... 33
Música 76
Caritat. ............ 94
A un atlot 255
Soledat 373
Ala senyoreta R.J 374
^'
BALAGUER, Víctor.
Al Mediterraneo. 24
Cant de amors 104
La creu roja de Saboya 315
La noya blanca 342
La corona perduda 370
A la Verge de Montserrat 401
BALMES, Jaume.
Himne, Jesu Corona virginum. (Traducció. ) . 407
— 505 —
BLANCH, Adolfo.
Los cants del laletíí 31
Obríuli al trobador 79
iTornau! 111
I Plora, nineta, plora ! . 113
La cambra del mal us 207
Torroella 291
iCuales ta pàtria, trobador ? 394
BOFARULL, Antoni de.
Crit í la joventut catalana.— La esperansa. . 11
Lo somatènt 19
Lo nèt del últim concellèr S3
Laflorcullida 99
Sempre I' mal troba remey . . 154
La comptesa d' ürgèll 164
Borrell segon 169
Lo sagramental 201
En Guillem de Muntcada 215
Catalunya a Perpinyà 285
A la memòria de Joseph Sol y Padris, assessi-
nat en Sans lo dia 2 de juliol de 1855. . . 294
Viatge arlistich 331
Esperant à Capmany 345
A la Verge de la Mercè 424
Carta del rèy En Joan I d' Aragó a Pere Ça-
Costa 481
_ 504 —
c.
CALVET, Dàmaso.
Castich dols 125
La pastora ampurdanesa. — Una historia d'
amor 256
Un màrtir 417
Epitafis 475
CORTADA, Joan.
La noya fugitiva. (Traducció) 257
CUTCHET, Lluis.
A una mare y d un amich 384
E.
ESTRADA, Salvador.
Un somni 363
A la memòria del ínclil rèy Don Jaume lo con-
quistador 395
AFranklin 396
A moo íntim amich Don Manuel Ortiz de la
Vega 397
Un catal.1 en r altura del Bruch 398
La redempció 437
Jesús ha mort! 438
— 505 —
A un mandra 467
A un zoilo verinós. ........ 468
A un geperut preciat de enamòradòr. . . 469
F.
FOiNTS, Mariano.
Laments d' un expòsit 277
Lo passatemps del temps passat 445
FORTEZA, Guillem, (Mallorquí.)
L' aubatet. . ^ 71
Nit estrellada. ' 91
Música perduda, f Imitació deN. Martin) . . 93
O.
GIRONELLA , Antoni de.
Lo penitent 379
GRAS, Pere.
Las donzellas de Baga 182
Ama fillola 303
A Salou 3o7
Isabet Besora , la pastòreta. (Fragment d' un
drama) 439
M.
MARTÍ, Miquel Anton.
^lagrimas de la viudesa. — Lamèntos. . . 128
Al mirall 130
Alcoxí Í31
La soledat »
A la pinta 135
A la font hòn lo autor vegé per primera vegada
íí la que après fòu sa mullòr »
Epitafi 141
Als adòrnos »
Los recorts 14l|
La Fe 14^
MASSANES DE GONZALEZ, Maria Josepa.
Als meus estimats fillets adoptius. — La Flor
del cel 62
Lo postrèr consol 412
MATA, Pere.
Records de la pàtria 35
MILÀ, Manuel.
La font de Na Meliòr 167
— 507 —
MORERA, Francisco.
Rosada de Uagrimas 115
Desitg 118
Nit de Sant Joan 120
MUNS, Francisco.
Mon nou amor 89
Gelòsias de la lluna 300
P.
PASCUAL, Eusebi,
A Barcelona ,40
PERMANYÈR, Francisco.
La soledat 45
PONS Y DE FUSTER, Lluis Gonzaga de.
Lo plor del pastor 319
A la riera de Cornet 328
A la llengua catalana 348
A la consagració del Ilm. Sr. D. Joaquim
Lluch, bisbe de Canarias 375
Una llàgrima en lo Calvari 428
Desgracias del cassadòr de aucèlls 472
Lo cassadòr novell »
— 508 —
PONS, Bonaventura.
Descripció y alabansa de la vida campestre.
(Composta en moDosílabos.) 452
Décimas, a una senyora dita Alberta, felici- é
tanlla per sos dias, y consolanlla en lo sen-
timent de férseli jesuita un... que tenia,
anomenat Peix 470
?.,I.F,de,
Improvisació en lo castell de S. Vicens de Bur-
riana 290
Q.
QUINTANA, Albert de.
Maria, pobre Maria !! ! 221
R.
ROCA y CORNET, Joaquim.
En obsequi de Nostra Senyora de la Gleba, dès-
de son santuari 408
ROCA, Lluis.
Bona nova 367
J
— 509 —
Germandat 377
Los fanalets de Sant Jaume 431
Anima en pena 449
RUBIÓ, Joaquim, (Lo Gaiter del Llobregat.)
Posta de sol 48
Anyòramènt 101
Amors que matan 108
Ricart lo cor de lleó 149
S.
SOL Y PADRIS, Joseph.
Al xiprer del Generalife 58
Quinze anys 68
A un noy dormit 73
A una senyoreta . 114
Lo rèy En Jaume 162
A la memòria de ma mare 297
Al eminent pintor D. Joaquim Espaltèr. . . 306
La malva. (Sobre la cual se vegé obligat 1' au-
tor d improvisar.) 486
En lo íílbum de D.» M. de V 462
En lo nígrum de Bofarull 465
SITJAR, Joaquim.
A la Verge Santíssima. ...... 421
^^^^^ — !H0 —
ÍU V.
VILLAMARTIN, Isabel de.
Als estels 85
La veu profètica 204
VINADÈR, Joan.
A la pàtria, desprès de llarga ausencia.. . . 22
Destrucció de Senaquerib. (Traducció de
Byron.) 499
Lobressolet 312
L' himne de la Verge 420
La font del arrel 8(
» •
A un amich articulista, però no de fondo. . . 45£^^
Epígramas, d'un espanyol catalíí, contra Is' ca-
talans mal castellauisats 473
ERRATAS NOTABLES.
Pig.
Un.
Diu
Ha de dir.
21
10
enfonsa
enfònza
14
enfòntsantse
enfonzantse
23
15
conssol
consol
30
24
parlarem
parlarem
34
23
hort
horts
39
10
sent
senti
52
12
vogarem
vogarem
62
6
poseheix
posseheix
64
24
esencia
essència
126
4
brunsir
brunzir
131
9
resaltava
ressaltava
172
16
dor'
d'or
179
26
ja
Ja
197
22
mor
mort
257
8
ém'
, em
262
22
Palpant
palpant
263
19
marcharen
marxaren
264
22
Marcharem
Marxarem
267
12
despachas
despatxas
286
16
poseian
posseian
365
29
tremolo
tremoli
372
12
blanchs?
blanchs
374
19
nostras
vostras
395
24
prengué
prengui
402
13
critura
criatura
414
17
extasiats
extassiats
445
24
a pas
al pas
NOTA DEL EDITOR.
Veyent la bona acullida que han tingut los Troba-
dors NOUS, per part dels amants de las glorias litera-
rias calalanas, y desitjant aprofitar algunas novas
composicions mòlt dignes de varios aulòrs de la ma-
teixa colecció que no pogueren sòr inclosas en esta,
per la distribució que s' fèu en seccions, junt ab las
de altres poetas que no formaren part de aquella; se
donarà en seguida un nou volum, induint unas y al-
tres, ab la sola diferencia que no ser.i baix la direcció
del Sr. BofaruU.
Lo nou volum se publicarà baix las raatòixas con-
dicions que se anunciaren pera la publicació dels
Trobadors nous.
mtdtmüér Maner*.
.
PC Bofarull y de Broca, Antonio
3929 de
B57 Los trobadors nous
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
|
<p>I know Git aliases can be used with arguments <a href="https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Aliases#Advanced_aliases_with_arguments" rel="nofollow">Git Faq section "Git Aliases with argument"</a>.</p>
<p>But today I encountered an error. </p>
<p>Take an <strong>easy example</strong> which is <strong>not suitable for real use</strong>. If I make an alias like this:</p>
<pre><code>[alias]
lo = "!sh -c 'git log $1' -"
</code></pre>
<p>then I can use </p>
<pre><code>git lo file_a
</code></pre>
<p>to see the log of file_a.</p>
<p>But when I used "tab" to auto-complete the path, the following error occurs.</p>
<pre><code>git lo [tab]
</code></pre>
<p>error msg:</p>
<pre><code>sh: declare: `_git_{': not a valid identifier
</code></pre>
<p>It seems a bug in git-completion.bash. But I can't find where the `_git_{' is!</p>
<p>Also I find that in the error msg the quote mark around _git_{ seems strange.</p>
<p>BTW, my msysgit version is 1.7.6-preview20110708</p>
<p><strong>ADD:</strong></p>
<p>The other <strong>strange</strong> thing is, I searched <strong>all files</strong> under the dir of Git, find there is no file contains the string <strong>_git_{</strong>.</p> |
Iota (uppercase/lowercase Ι ι), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "i" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 10. Letters that came from it include the Roman I and Cyrillic І.
In mathematics, the lowercase is used to represent the inclusion function in set theory. The term "iota" is also used to refer to an infinitesimal amount or an insignificant quantity.
Related pages
I (letter)
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SULA AUSTRALIS, Gouid.
Australian Gannet.
Sula Australis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part VIII. p. 177.
Tr will be clear to every ornithologist that the present species and the Sula Bassana of Europe are repre-
sentatives of each other, and that they are destined by nature to perform similar offices, and to inhabit
corresponding zones of latitude in opposite hemispheres. Their habits, actions and economy are, in fact,
so precisely alike, that an account of one species is equally applicable to the other.
I found the Sula Australis generally dispersed over the seas washing the shores of Van Diemen’s Land,
but most numerous on the south side of the island. The Mewstone, the South Cape, the rock at the mouth
of D’Entrecasteaux’ Channel, and the low Actzon Islands were tenanted by hundreds during the period of
my visit in 1839, and it was also seen, but in less numbers, along the entire coast of South Australia.
Much as has been said respecting the natural stupidity of other species of the genus Suda, —Boobies as they
are called,—the present appeared to be the Booby “ par excellence,” as evidenced by the manner in which I
captured the specimens in my collection. Observing about fifty fine adult birds reposing on the flat top of
a low rock on one of the Acteeons, I directed my boatmen to row cautiously that I might endeavour to get
a shot at them; I was soon not only within range, but too near to use my large duck gun, loaded as it was
with cartridge and large shot; I determined therefore to take them on the wing as they flew from their
resting-place; judge of my surprise when I found that neither the near approach of the boat nor our
speaking to each other startled them in the least. Taking one of the men with me I stepped on shore and
approached the motley assembly, which was still sitting in close array on the rock, and which did at length
exhibit some degree of surprise and uneasiness at the intrusion, but even then was so little disturbed that
we succeeded in capturing five fine birds with the hand before the remainder had shuffled off to the
ledge of the rock and taken wing. Had this occurred at a breeding-place it would not have excited my
astonishment, for I was aware that the Sula Bassana would allow itself to be so taken at that period ;
but I did not expect that the present species would admit of being so captured while merely at rest:
much of this apparent stupidity may doubtless be attributed to the nature of the bird, but much was in
all probability attributable to the fact that their haunts on these islands had rarely been intruded upon :
boats the natives do not possess, and the visits of civilized man must have been few and far between.
Its food consists of fish of various kinds, which it: procures by plunging vertically upon them as they
swim near the surface of the water.
The sexes when adult are precisely alike in plumage; the young on the contrary, as is the case with the
European bird, differ greatly from their parents ; at first they are entirely dark grey, which gives place to a
beautifully mottled appearance, the head, neck and under surface having put on a white colouring with
blotches or traces of the dark grey still remaining, and the feathers of the upper surface having a triangular
spot of white at the tip of each; this style of plumage is gradually exchanged for the following, which is
characteristic of the adult.
Crown of the head and back of the neck beautiful buff; the remainder of the plumage white, with the
exception of the primaries, secondaries and four centre tail-feathers, which are fuliginous brown with white
shafts ; irides olive-white ; bill brownish horn-colour, slightly tinged with blue; space round the eye leaden
blue; bare skin at the base of the beak and down the centre of the throat nearly black; front of the tarsi
and toes sickly greenish yellow; webs brown.
The figures represent an adult and a young bird about two-thirds of the natural size.
|
<p>I have a db with addresses I need to display on a google map that would then add a marker to the map after the user has used the search form to search for the desired address. I have looked everywhere and I do not know how to link the google map to the db to show the address and display a marker. How do I connect the search form to query the db and then display it on a google map? I have researched static maps and adding markers but I cannot find how to do this. I have been searching for months and months and this is the final peice of info i need to complete this project. Can someonen please direct me or tell me how to do this? I would give my right arm for this information by now. Thank you in advance.</p> |
A non-Newtonian fluid is a thixotropic fluid which changes its viscosity when the forces on it change.
Other flow properties may also be affected. Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history. Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement. Many lubricants, ketchup, and oobleck. Also certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property.
The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior is called Newtonian fluids.
It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home. All one needs is water and cornstarch. Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water. That makes a non-Newtonian fluid called oobleck.
Related pages
Mudslide
Avalanche
Fluid mechanics |
Events of 1421
March 21 – Battle of Baugé. A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy.
May 26 – Mehmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Murad II.
November 17–19 – St. Elizabeth flood. The coastal area near Dordrecht in the Netherlands was flooded due to an extremely high tide of the North Sea. 72 villages were drowned, killing about 10,000 people.
John III of Dampierre, Marquis of Namur, sells his estates to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
The first patent is issued by the Republic of Florence.
In a theory proposed by Gavin Menzies, supposedly the year that Chinese explorer Hong Bao and Zhou Wen discovered the Americas, beating Columbus by about 70 years.
Births
July 25 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (died 1461)
December 6 – King Henry VI of England (died 1471)
date unknown
Sogi, Buddhist priest and Japanese poet (died 1502)
Agnès Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France
Ponhea Yat, ruler of the Khmer Empire (died 1467)
Deaths
January 21 – Niccolò I Trinci, lord of Foligno (assassinated)
March 22 – Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (killed in battle) (born 1388)
May – Balša III, ruler of Zeta
May 26 – Mehmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1389)
date unknown – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (born 1385)
References |
The Victoriaville Tigres are a Canadian ice hockey team. That began playing in 1982. The team currently plays in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. They play their home games in Victoriaville, Quebec at the Colisée Desjardins.
The team first started in 1986 and played in Longueuil, Quebec where they were known as the Longueuil Chevaliers. The Chevaliers moved from Longueuil to Victoriaville in 1987 and were renamed the Tigres.
The Tigres won the President's Cup in 2002. They also competed in the Memorial Cup finals in 2002 but lost against the Kootenay Ice.
Other websites
Official website
1982 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Quebec
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League |
Natasha Chandel is a Canadian actress and TV producer based in Los Angeles. Natasha is known for starring and directing the web series Mumbai Chopra: Misadventures of an It Girl. She was named leading Protégé for creativity by Lancôme Mille Femmes.
Career
Natasha was born in Sharjah, UAE. Natasha has worked as a producer for top networks such Maker Studios- Disney Digital Network, CBC, Rogers Television and MTV News. In 2016, she created and began hosting the dating podcast KINDA DATING, which has featured Sunny Leone, Laura Clery and Dr. Wendy Walsh. Natasha has also appeared as a leading actress in several TV series including Mumbai Chopra: Misadventures of an It Girl, The Can, The Mindy Project and M.V.P.
In 2014, she created, wrote and directed a branded web series The Can, which consisted of three episodes.
Filmography
References
Other websites
Canadian actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
<p>The setState function is not showing up and typing it properly isn't helping either. I want to use it in the InkWell onTap but its just not showing up! Any help please?<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/r0wqg.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here you can see what I am trying to say!</a></p> |
The Way, Way Back is a 2013 American comedy movie directed by Nat Faxon and Jim Rash. It was produced by Sycamore Pictures and Odd Lot Entertainment.
References
Other websites
2013 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
American independent movies |
Soral is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official Website
Municipalities of Geneva |
Maysville is a city in Iowa in the United States. In 2000, it had 163 people. Its geographical coordinates are . It has an area of .
Cities in Iowa |
<p>I am new to Linux programming I tried to compile a simple test construction. But I'm getting an error when compiling. Adding inc.c as well (in the app: line) doesn't work. How should I include the file correct?</p>
<p>Makefile:</p>
<pre><code>app: main.c inc.h
cc -o app main.c
</code></pre>
<p>Terminal:</p>
<pre><code>make
cc -o app main.c
/tmp/ccGgdRNy.o: In function `main':
main.c:(.text+0x14): undefined reference to `test'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [app] Error 1
</code></pre>
<p>main.c:</p>
<pre><code>#include <stdio.h>
#include "inc.h"
int main()
{
printf("Kijken of deze **** werkt:\n");
test();
getchar();
return 0;
}
</code></pre>
<p>inc.h</p>
<pre><code>#ifndef INCLUDE_H
#define INCLUDE_H
void test();
#endif
</code></pre>
<p>inc.c</p>
<pre><code>#include <stdio.h>
void test()
{
printf("Blijkbaar wel!");
}
</code></pre> |
Khudei or Khoodei () is a daily traditional Meitei Manipuri loincloth wear, worn by menfolk. It is also used as a cotton towel in some cases. It is a wraparound linen cloth.
This short woven cloth covers the body from the waist up to the knee portion. Generally, it measures around 3' x 8'.
Sometimes, it is folded and carried on the shoulders by aged men. It is worn like in the dhoti style.
Other websites
Khudei - long unstitched cloth
References
Meitei culture
Meitei clothing |
Mozilla can mean:
the codename for Netscape Navigator
the mascot and name of the Mozilla Foundation
the name of its now defunct Mozilla (web browser)
Mozilla software
It can also refer to the platform (“Gecko” and other things) on which these programs are built:
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Thunderbird
SeaMonkey
Camino
Mozilla Sunbird
Minimo
Flock (web browser)
Songbird (software)
Mozilla Foundation also makes Bugzilla. |
The Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue. It is in the Louvre, a museum in Paris, France. The Venus de Milo represents Aphrodite, the goddess of love in Greek mythology. The statue is made of marble and is 203cm high. It is believed to be the work of Alexandros of Antioch. The Venus de Milo was found on 8 April 1820 on the Aegean island of Melos. King Louis XVIII of France presented the Venus de Milo to the Louvre in 1821.
Other websites
Musée du Louvre – Louvre Museum : Venus de Milo
Controversy and politics over the sculptor's identity
Unusual Louvre Museum Image of the Venus di Milo.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek marble sculptures
Ancient Greek and Roman statues |
John Ben "Benny" Benson Jr. (October 12, 1913 – July 2, 1972) was born in Chignik, Alaska. When he was three years old, his mother died. His father sent him and his brother Carl to boarding school because Benny's father could not take care of them. Benny grew up in Unalaska and later in Seward.
Alaska Flag
Fame came to him from designing the Alaska flag. Benny was the winner of the contest run for Alaska students in grades seven to twelve in 1926. The Alaska Legislature adopted the design as the official flag for the Territory of Alaska on May 2, 1927. Later, the drafters of the Alaska constitution stipulated that the territorial flag would become the official flag of the State of Alaska.
References
People from Alaska
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1913 births
1972 deaths |
In music, the pitch of a note means how high or low the note is. In physics, it is measured in a unit called Hertz. A note that is vibrating at 261 Hz will be caused by sound waves that vibrate at 261 times a second. This will be Middle C on the piano.
Not all musical instruments make notes of a certain pitch. Many percussion instruments like drums, triangles and cymbals are instruments used for rhythms. They do not play tunes because they have no definite pitch (although often a definite pitch can just be heard when listening carefully.)
Some musicians have a sense of absolute pitch or pitch perfect. This means that they always know what note is being played, even without comparing it to another note. Having a sense of absolute pitch does not necessarily make someone a good musician, although it can be very useful.
There is evidence to suggest that well-known composers of classical music, such as Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart, and Bach, had developed and perhaps even mastered their sense of pitch.
Pitch is often confused with frequency. Frequency is used as a scientific means for measuring and changing sound and its possible pitches, though pitch is used to describe a more psychological.
Related pages
note (music)
musical notation
scale (music)
wave (physics)
Other websites
Pitch (music) Citizendium
Sound
Musical terminology |
Oak Park, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago. It is west of the city in the same county. About 52,000 people live there.
Ernest Hemingway was born there. Betty White was born there too. Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked there for a while. Some of his most famous houses and buildings were built there.
Cities in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois |
Kaibeto is a census-designated place (CDP) in Coconino County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,522 at the 2010 census.
References
Census-designated places in Arizona |
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London Olympics can mean:
1908 Summer Olympics
1944 Summer Olympics (suspended for World War II)
1948 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics |
Max Robert Engman (27 September 1945 – 19 March 2020) was a Finnish historian and translator. He was born in Helsinki.
Engman worked at the Finnish national archives in Helsinki from 1968 to 1973. He was appointed professor 1985 in general history at Åbo Akademi. His works focused in Finnish–Russian relations and the European empires.
He was known as a subeditor for Historisk Tidskrift för Finland from 1971 to 1982 and the journals editor in chief 1982 to 2000.
Engman died on 19 March 2020 in Helsinki at the age of 74.
References
1945 births
Historians
Translators
Editors
2020 deaths
Writers from Helsinki |
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