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Translate to Arabic
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It didn't really get anywhere, and then the Rodney King incident happened, and people thought, OK, if you have a camera in the right place at the right time, or, perhaps, the wrong time, depending who you are, then you can actually start doing something, and campaigning, and being heard, and telling people about what's going on.
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ูู
ุฃูุตุฏ ุญูุงู ุฃุจุนุฏ ู
ู ุฐููุ ูุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุญุตูุช ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุฑูุฏูู ูููุบุ ูููุฑ ุงููุงุณุ ุญุณูุงูุ ุฅู ูุงู ูุฏูู ูุงู
ูุฑุง ูู ุงูู
ูุงู ุงูุตุญูุญ ูู ุงูููุช ุงูู
ูุงุณุจุ ุฃู ุฑุจู
ุง ุงูููุช ุงูุฎุทุฃุ ูุนุชู
ุฏ ุนูู ู
ู ุชูููุ ุนูุฏูุง ูู
ููู ูู ุงููุงูุน ุจุฏุก ูุนู ุดุฆุ ูุงูุชุธุงูุฑุ ููุชู
ุณู
ุงุนูุ ูุชุฎุจุฑ ุงููุงุณ ุจู
ุงุฐุง ูุฌุฑู.
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Translate to Arabic
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So, WITNESS was started in '92 and it's since given cameras out in over 60 countries.
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ุฅุฐุงู ููุฏ ุจุฏุฃุช ููุชูุณ ุนุงู
92 ููู ู
ูุฐ ุฐูู ุงูุญูู ุฃุนุทุช ูุงู
ูุฑุงุช ูู 60 ุฏููุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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And we campaign with activist groups and help them tell their story and, in fact, I will show you in a moment one of the most recent campaigns, and I'm afraid it's a story from Uganda, and, although we had a wonderful story from Uganda yesterday, this one isn't quite so good.
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ููุญู ูุชุธุงูุฑ ู
ุน ู
ุฌู
ูุนุงุช ุงููุดุทุงุกุ ููุณุงุนุฏูู
ูู ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ูุตุตูู
ุ ููู ุงูุญูููุฉ ุณุฃุนุฑุถ ุนูููู
ุฎูุงู ูุญุธุงุชุ ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุชุธุงูุฑุงุช ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉุ ูุฃุธู ุฃููุง ูุตุฉ ู
ู ููุบูุฏุงุ ูุจุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ุฃููุง ุดุงูุฏูุง ูุตุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู
ู ููุบูุฏุง ุจุงูุฃู
ุณุ ููุฐู ุงููุตุฉ ููุณุช ุฌูุฏุฉ ููุบุงูุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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In the north of Uganda, there are something like 1.5 million internally displaced people, people who are not refugees in another country, but because of the civil war, which has been going on for about 20 years, they have nowhere to live.
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ู ูู ุดู
ุงู ููุบูุฏุงุ ููุฌุฏ ุญูุงูู ู
ูููู ููุตู ูุงุฒุญ ุ ุฃูุงุณ ูู
ููุณูุง ูุงุฌุฆูู ูู ุจูุฏ ุขุฎุฑุ ููู ุจุณุจุจ ุงูุญุฑุจ ุงูุฃูููุฉุ ุงูุชู ุชุฌุฑู ูุญูุงูู 20 ุณูุฉุ ููุณ ูุฏููู
ู
ูุงู ููุนูุดูุง ููู.
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Translate to Arabic
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And 20,000 kids have been taken away to become child soldiers, and the International Criminal Court is going after five of the leaders of the -- now, what's it called?
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ููุฏ ุฃูุฎุฐ 20ุ000 ุทููุงู ููุตุจุญูุง ุฃุทูุงูุงู ู
ูุงุชูููุ ูู
ุญูู
ุฉ ุงูุฌูุงูุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ุชุชุนูุจ ุฎู
ุณุฉ ู
ู ุงููุงุฏุฉ ู -- ุงูุขูุ ู
ุงุฐุง ุชุณู
ูุ
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Translate to Arabic
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I forget the name of the of the army -- it's Lord's Resistance Army, I believe -- but the government, also, doesn't have a clean sheet, so if we could run the first video.
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ููุฏ ูุณูุช ุฃุณู
ุงูุฌูุดุ ุฅูู ู
ูุงูู
ุฉ ุฌูุด ุงูุฑุจุ ูู
ุง ุฃุนุชูุฏุ ููู ุงูุญููู
ุฉ ูุฐููุ ููุณ ูุฏููุง ุณุฌู ูุธููุ ุฅุฐุงู ููุง ุดุบูุชู
ุงูููุฏูู ุงูุฃูู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Even today life is difficult.
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ุงูุญูุงุฉ ูู ุงูู
ุนุณูุฑ ููุณุช ุณููุฉ ุนูู ุงูุฅุทูุงู. ุญุชู ุงูููู
ูู ุตุนุจุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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We stay because of the fear that what pushed us into the camp ...
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ุฅููุง ูุตุจุฑ ูุฃู ุงูุฎูู ุงูุฐู ุฏูุนูุง ุฅูู ุงูู
ุนุณูุฑ...
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Translate to Arabic
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still exists back home.
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ู
ุง ูุฒุงู ูุงุฆู
ุงู ูู ุจููุชูุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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Man: When we were at home, it was Kony's [rebel] soldiers disturbing us.
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ุญููู
ุง ููุง ูู ุจููุชูุงุ ููุฏ ูุงู ุงูู
ุชู
ุฑุฏูู ููุงุฌู
ูููุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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At first, we were safe in the camp.
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ูู ุงูุจุฏุงูุฉุ ููุง ุขู
ููู ูู ุงูู
ุนุณูุฑ.
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Translate to Arabic
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But later the government soldiers began mistreating us a lot.
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ููู ูุงุญูุงู ุจุฏุฃ ุฌููุฏ ุงูุญููู
ุฉ ูู ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ู
ุนุงู
ูุชูุง ุจุดุฏุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Jennifer: A soldier walked onto the road, asking where we'd been.
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ุฌูููุฑ: ู
ุดู ุฌูุฏู ุนูู ุงูุทุฑููุ ูุณุฃููุง ุฃูู ููุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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Evelyn and I hid behind my mother.
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ุชุฎููุช ุฃูููููู ูุงูุง ุฎูู ุฃู
ู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Evelyn: He ordered us to sit down, so we sat down.
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ุฃูููููู: ููุฏ ุฃู
ุฑูุง ุฃู ูุฌูุณุ ูุฐุง ููุฏ ุฌูุณูุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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The other soldier also came.
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ูุฌุงุก ุงูุฌูุฏู ุงูุขุฎุฑ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Jennifer: The man came and started undressing me.
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ุฌูููุฑ: ุฌุงุก ุงูุฑุฌู ูุจุฏุฃ ูู ุฎูุน ู
ูุงุจุณู.
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Translate to Arabic
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The other one carried Evelyn aside.
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ูุญู
ู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ุฃููููู ุฌุงูุจุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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The one who was defiling me then left me and went to rape Evelyn.
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ุงูุฌูุฏู ุงูุฐู ูุงู ูุฏูุณูู ูุฐูุจ ูุฅุบุชุตุงุจ ุฃูููููู.
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Translate to Arabic
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And the one who was raping Evelyn came and defiled me also.
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ูุงูุฌูุฏู ุงูุฐู ูุงู ูุบุชุตุจ ุฃููููููุ ุฌุงุก ูุฏูุณูู ุฃูุง ุฃูุถุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Man: The soldiers with clubs this long beat us to get a confession.
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ุฑุฌู: ุงูุฌููุฏ ุจูุฑุงูุงุช ุจูุฐุง ุงูุทูู ูุถุฑุจูููุง ููุญุตูู ุนูู ุฅุนุชุฑุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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They kept telling us, "Tell the truth!" as they beat us.
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ููุฏ ุธููุง ูุฎุจุฑูููุงุ " ููููุง ุงูุญูููุฉ!" ุจููู
ุง ูุถุฑุจูููุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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Woman: They insisted that I was lying.
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ุฅู
ุฑุฃุฉ: ููุฏ ุฃุตุฑูุง ุนูู ุฃููู ุฃูุฐุจ.
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Translate to Arabic
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At that moment, they fired and shot off my fingers.
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ูู ุชูู ุงููุญุธุฉุ ุฃุทูููุง ุงููุงุฑ ุนูู ุฃุตุงุจุนู.
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Translate to Arabic
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I fell. They ran to join the others ... leaving me for dead.
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ููุฏ ุณูุทุช. ุซู
ูุฑุนูุง ููุฅูุถู
ุงู
ููุจููุฉ...ุชุฑูููู ููู
ูุช.
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Translate to Arabic
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Peter Gabriel: So torture is not something that always happens on other soil.
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ุฅุฐุงู ุงูุชุนุฐูุจ ููุณ ุดูุฆุงู ูุญุฏุซ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนูู ุฃุฑุถ ุฃุฎุฑู.
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Translate to Arabic
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In my country, it was -- we had been looking at pictures of British soldiers beating up young Iraqis; we've got Abu Ghraib; we've got Guantanamo Bay.
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ูู ุจูุฏูุ ููุฏ ูุงู -- ููุฏ ุดุงูุฏูุง ุตูุฑุงู ูุฌููุฏ ุฅูุฌููุฒ ูุถุฑุจูู ุดุจุงุจ ุนุฑุงููููุ ูุฏููุง ุฃุจู ุบุฑูุจุ ูุฏููุง ุณุฌู ุบูุงูุชุงูู
ูุ
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Translate to Arabic
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I had a driver on my way to Newark Airport, and he told me a story that, in the middle of the night, 4 a.m., he'd been taken out of his home in Queens -- taken to a place in the Midwest, that he was interrogated and tortured and returned to the street four weeks later, because he had the same -- he was Middle Eastern, and he had the same name as one of the 9/11 pilots,
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ููุฏู ุณุงุฆู ุนูู ุทุฑููู ุฅูู ู
ุทุงุฑ ูููููุฑู. ููุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑูู ุจูุตุฉ ุฃูู ูู ูุณุท ุงููููุ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุตุจุงุญุงูุ ููุฏ ุชู
ุฃุฎุฐู ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจูุชู ูู ููููุฒ -- ุชู
ุฃุฎุฐู ูู
ูุงู ูู ุงูู
ูุฏ ููุณุชุ ูุฃูู ุชู
ุฅุณุชุฌูุงุจู ูุชุนุฐูุจูุ ููุฏ ุนุฏุช ุฅูู ุงูุดุงุฑุน ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูุน ูุงุญูุงูุ ูุฃูู ูุงู ูุฏูู ููุณ -- ููุฏ ูุงู ู
ู ุงูุดุฑู ุงูุฃูุณุทุ ููุฏูู ููุณ ุงูุฃุณู
ูุฃุญุฏ ูุงุฏุฉ ูุฌูู
9/11ุ
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Translate to Arabic
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and that may or may not be true -- I didn't think he was a liar, though.
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ูุฃูู ุฑุจู
ุง ูููู ุฃู ูุง ูููู ุตุงุฏูุงูุ ููู ุฑุบู
ุงู ุนู ูุฐุง ูุง ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃูู ูุงู ูุงุฐุจุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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And, I think, if we look around the world, as well as the polar ice caps melting, human rights, which have been fought for, for many hundreds of years in some cases, are, also, eroding very fast, and that is something that we need to take a look at and, maybe, start campaigning for.
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ูุฃุนุชูุฏุ ุฃููุง ุฅู ูุธุฑูุง ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ูุถูุงู ุนู ุฐูุจุงู ุซููุฌ ุงููุทุจููุ ูุฃู ุญููู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุงูุชู ูุงุชู ุงููุงุณ ู
ู ุฃุฌููุงุ ูุนุฏุฉ ู
ุฆุงุช ุงูุณููู ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุญูุงูุ ุฃูุถุงู ุ ุชุชุขูู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉุ ูุฃู ุฐูู ุดุฆ ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูููู ูุธุฑู ุนููู ูุฑุจู
ุง ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅูุงู
ุฉ ุญู
ูุงุช ูู.
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Translate to Arabic
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I mean, here, too, one of our partners was at Van Jones and the Books Not Bars project -- they have managed, with their footage in California to change the youth correction systems employed, and it's much -- much -- I think, more humane methods are being looked at, how you should lock up young kids, and that's questionable to start off.
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ุฃุนููุ ููุง ุฃูุถุงูุ ูุฃุญุฏ ุดุฑูุงุฆูุง -- ูุงู ูู ูุงู ุฌููุณ ูู
ุดุฑูุน ูุชุจ ูุง ุจุงุฑุงุชุ ุงูุฐู ุฃูุงู
ููุ ู
ุน ุจุตู
ุงุชูู
ู -- ูู ูุงูููุฑููุงุ ูุชุบููุฑ ุฃูุธู
ุฉ ุชุตุญูุญ ุงูุดุจุงุจ ุงูู
ุนู
ูู ุจูุงุ ููู ุฃุณุงููุจ ุฅูุณุงููุฉ ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ ููุบุงูุฉ ูู
ุง ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุชู
ุงููุธุฑ ุฅูููุงุ ููู ููุจุบู ุญุจุณ ุงูุดุจุงุจ ุงูุตุบุงุฑุ ููุฐู ุจุฏุงูุฉ ู
ุดููู ูููุงุ
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Translate to Arabic
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And as the story of Mr. Morales, just down the road, excuse me, Mr. Gabriel, would you mind if we delayed your execution a little bit?
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ููู
ุง ูู ุงูุญุงู ูู ูุตุฉ ุงูุณูุฏ ู
ูุฑุงููุณุ ููุงู ูู ูุงุฑุนุฉ ุงูุทุฑููุ ุนุฐุฑุงู ุ ุงูุณูุฏ ุบุงุจุฑูุงูุ ูู ุชู
ุงูุน ูู ูู
ูุง ุจุชุฃุฌูู ุชูููุฐ ุญูู
ุฅุนุฏุงู
ู ููููุงูุ
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No, not at all, no problem, take your time.
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ูุงุ ููุณุช ู
ุดููุฉ ุนูู ุงูุฅุทูุงูุ ุฎุฐูุง ููุชูู
.
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But this, surely, whoever that man is, whatever he's done, this is cruel and unusual punishment.
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ููู ูุฐุง ุจุงูุชุฃููุฏุ ุจุบุถ ุงููุธุฑ ุนู ู
ู ูู ุงูุดุฎุตุ ุจุบุถ ุงููุธุฑ ุนู ู
ุงุฐุง ูุนูุ ูุฐุง ูุญุดู ูุนูุงุจ ููุณ ุฅุนุชูุงุฏูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras, and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. Thank you.
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ุนูู ุฃู ุญุงูุ ูุงูุช ููุชูุณ ุชุญุงูู ุชุณููุญ ุงูุดุฌุนุงู ู
ู ุงููุงุณ ุงูุฐูู ูู
ุนุงุฏุฉูุ ูุถุนูู ุญูุงุชูู
ูู ุฎุทุฑุ ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุจุงููุงู
ูุฑุงุชุ ูุฃุฑุบุจ ูู ุฃู ุฃุนุฑุถ ุนูููู
ุงููููู ู
ู ุฐูู. ุดูุฑุงู ูู.
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PG: WITNESS was born of technological innovation -- in a sense the small, portable, DV cam was really what allowed it to come into being.
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ูููุฏุช ููุชูุณ ู
ุน ุงูุฅุจุชูุงุฑ ุงูุชูููุ ุจู
ุนูู ุฃู ุงููุงู
ูุฑุง ุงูู
ุญู
ููุฉ ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉ ูุงูุช ุญูุงูุ ุงูุดุฆ ุงูุฐู ุฃุชุงุญ ููุง ุฃู ุชุชุญูู.
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And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world, so that groups can communicate much more effectively, campaign much more effectively, but now we have the wonderful possibility, which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it, because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us.
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ููุฏ ููุง ูุฐูู ูุญุงูู ุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ูู
ุจููุชุฑุงุช ุชูุฑุณู ุฅูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุจุญูุซ ุชุณุชุทูุน ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุงุช ุงูุชูุงุตู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ููุงุกุฉูุ ุชููู
ุงูุญู
ูุงุช ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ููุงุกุฉูุ ููู ุงูุขูุ ูุฏููุง ุฅู
ูุงููุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุ ุงูุชู ุฃุชุงุญุชูุง ููุง ุงูููุงุชู ุงูู
ุญู
ููุฉ ุงูุชู ุชุชุถู
ู ูุงู
ูุฑุงุช ุจุฏุงุฎููุงุ ูุฃููุง ุฑุฎูุตุฉุ ูู
ุทููุฉ ุงููุฌูุฏุ ูุชุชุญุฑู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูู ูู ุฃูุญุงุก ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ููู ู
ุซูุฑุฉ ููุบุงูุฉ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุง.
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And so, the dream is that we could have a world in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort has a chance of getting their story uploaded, being seen, being watched, that they really know that they can be heard, that there would be a giant website, maybe, a little like Google Earth, and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going,
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ููุฐุงุ ูุงูุญูู
ูู ุฃู ูุณุชุทูุน ุงููุตูู ูุนุงูู
ุงูุฐู ููู ุฃู ุดุฎุต ุญุตู ูู ุดุฆ ุณูุฆุ ู
ู ูุฐุง ุงููุจููุ ูุฏูู ุงููุฑุตุฉ ุจุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ูุตุชูู
ู
ุญู
ููุฉุ ูุชู
ู
ุดุงูุฏุชูุงุ ููุชู
ุฑุคูุชูุงุ ูุฃููู
ูุนูู
ูู ุญูุงู ุฃูู ูู
ูู ุณู
ุงุนูู
ุ ูุฃู ุงูุนุงูู
ูุตุจุญ ู
ููุนุงู ุฅููุชุฑูููุงู ุถุฎู
ุงูุ ุฑุจู
ุงุ ู
ุซู ุบูุบู ุฅูุฑุซุ ููู
ููู ุงูุชุญููู ููู ูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุญูููุฉ ู
ุง ูุฌุฑูุ
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for the world's inhabitants. In a way what this technology is allowing is, really, that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face, that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS or who's being beaten up, for the first time, and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture -- if we can move that into these sort of fields, I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways.
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ููู ู
ุฎูููุงุช ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุจุทุฑููุฉ -- ู
ุง ุงูุฐู ุชุชูุญู ููุง ูุฐู ุงูุชููููุฌูุงุ ุญูุงูุ ุฃู ููุงู ุงููุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงูู
ุดุงูู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ูู
ูู ุฃู ููุงุฌููุง ุงูุจุดุฑุ ูุฃูู ูู
ูููุง ุญูุงูุ ุฑุคูุฉ ู
ู ูู
ูุช ุจุณุจุจ ุงูุฅูุฏุฒุ ูู
ู ูุชู
ุถุฑุจูุ ูุฃูู ู
ุฑุฉุ ููู
ูููุง ุณู
ุงุน ูุฐู ุงููุตุต ุจุทุฑููุฉ ุซูุงูุฉ ุงูุชุฏููู -- ุฅู ุฃู
ูููุง ุงูุชุญุฑู ููุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู ุงูู
ุฌุงูุงุชุ ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃูู ูู
ูููุง ุญูุงูุ ุชุญููู ุงูุนุงูู
ุจุดุชู ุงูุทุฑู.
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There could be a new movement growing up, rising from the ground, reaching for the light, and growing strong, just like a tree. Thank you.
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ูุฏ ุชููู ููุงู ุญุฑูุฉ ุญุฏูุซุฉ ุชูู
ูุ ุชุชุฑุนุฑุน ู
ู ุงูุฃุฑุถุ ุชุตู ุฅูู ุงูููุฑุ ูุชูู
ู ุจููุฉุ ุชู
ุงู
ุงู ู
ุซู ุงูุดุฌุฑุฉ. ุดูุฑุงู ููู
.
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<reviewer href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/1020352">Thu-Huong Ha</reviewer>
|
<reviewer href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/321965">Mahmoud Aghiorly</reviewer>
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<translator href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/612126">Carolina Montero</translator>
|
<translator href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/122540">Anwar Dafa-Alla</translator>
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</doc>
|
</doc>
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<doc docid="25" genre="lectures">
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<doc docid="25" genre="lectures">
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<url>http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_baraniuk_on_open_source_learning</url>
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<url>http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_baraniuk_on_open_source_learning</url>
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<keywords>talks, business, collaboration, culture, education, global issues, library, open-source, technology</keywords>
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<keywords>talks, business, collaboration, culture, education, global issues, library, open-source, technology</keywords>
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<speaker>Richard Baraniuk</speaker>
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<speaker>Richard Baraniuk</speaker>
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<talkid>25</talkid>
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<talkid>25</talkid>
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<title>Richard Baraniuk: The birth of the open-source learning revolution</title>
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<title>ุฑูุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงููู: ูุดุฃุฉ ุซูุฑุฉ ุงูุชุนูู
ู
ูุชูุญ ุงูู
ุตุฏุฑ</title>
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<description>TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript: In 2006, open-learning visionary Richard Baraniuk explains the vision behind Connexions , an open-source, online education system. It cuts out the textbook, allowing teachers to share and modify course materials freely, anywhere in the world.</description>
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<description>TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript: ููุถุญ ุงูุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุจุฌุงู
ุนุฉ ุฑุงูุณ ุฑูุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงููู ุงูุฑุคูุฉ ุฎูู ูุธุงู
ู ุงูุชุนููู
ู ุงูู
ุจูู ุนูู ุงูุฅุชุตุงูุงุช ุ ุฐุง ุงูู
ุตุฏุฑ ุงูู
ูุชูุญ ุนูู ุงูุฅูุชุฑูุช. ุฅูู ูููู ู
ู ุงููุชุจ ุงูู
ุทุจูุนุฉุ ููุชูุญ ููู
ุนูู
ูู ุชูุงุณู
ูุชุนุฏูู ุงูู
ูุฑุฑุงุช ุงูุชู ุชูุฏุฑูุณ ู
ุฌุงูุงูุ ูู ูู ู
ูุงู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
.</description>
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I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance with all the things that have been talked about the last two days.
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ุฃูุง ุฑูุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงููู. ูู
ุง ุฃุฑูุฏ ุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนูู ููููุงู ุงูููู
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุฑ ุงูุชู ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃู ููุง ุตุฏู ูุจูุฑ ู
ุน ูู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูุชู ุชู
ุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนููุง ูู ุงูููู
ูู ุงูู
ุงุถููู.
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So many different points of resonance that it's going to be difficult to bring them all up, but I'll try to do my best.
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ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูููุงุท ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ุงูุชู ููุง ุตุฏู ุงูุชู ุณูุตุนุจ ุฌู
ุนูุง ุณููุงูุ ูููู ุณุฃุญุงูู ุฃูุตู ู
ุง ุฃุณุชุทูุน.
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Does anybody remember these?
|
ูู ูุชุฐูุฑ ุฃู ู
ููู
ูุฐูุ
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OK, so these are LP records and they've been replaced, right?
|
ุญุณูุงูุ ุฅุฐุงู ููุฐู ุณุฌูุงุช ุงููุชุจ ููุฏ ุชู
ุฅุญูุงููุงุ ุตุญูุญ.
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They've been swept away over the last two decades by these types of world-flattening digitization technologies, right?
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ููุฏ ุชู
ุฅุณุชุจุนุงุฏูุง ุฎูุงู ุงูุนูุฏูู ุงูู
ุงุถููู ุจูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู ุชูููุงุช ุงูุชุณุทูุญ ุงูุฑูู
ูุฉุ ุญุณูุงู.
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And I think it was best witnessed when Thomas was playing the music as we came in the room today.
|
ูุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃููุง ูุงูุช ู
ูุญูุธุฉ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุงู ุชูู
ุงุณ ููุนุจ ุงูู
ูุณููู ุฃุซูุงุก ูุตูููุง ููุฐู ุงููุงุนุฉ ุงูููู
.
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What's happened in the music world is there's a culture, or an ecosystem that's been created that, if you take some words from Apple, the catchphrase -- that we create, rip, mix and burn.
|
ู
ุง ุญุฏุซ ูู ุนุงูู
ุงูู
ูุณููู ูู ุฃู ููุงู ุซูุงูุฉ ุฃู ูุธุงู
ุจูุฆู ุชู
ุฅุณุชุญุฏุงุซู ุจุญูุซุ ุฅู ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุนุถ ุงูููู
ุงุช ู
ู ุขุจูุ ูุฃู ุงูู
ูุทุน ุงูุฐู ูุตูุนูุ ูุฌูุฒูุ ูู
ุฒุฌู ุซู
ูุญุฑูู .
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What I mean by that is that anyone in the world is free and allowed to create new music and musical ideas.
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ู
ุง ุฃุนููู ุจุฐูู ูู ุฃู ุฃู ุดุฎุต ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุญูุฑู ูู
ุณู
ูุญ ูู ุจุตูุน ู
ูุณููู ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ูุฃููุงุฑ ู
ูุณูููุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Anyone in the world is allowed to rip or copy musical ideas, use them in innovative ways.
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ู
ุณู
ูุญ ููู ุดุฎุต ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุฃู ูุฌููุฒ ุฃู ููุณุฎ ุฃููุงุฑุงู ู
ูุณูููุฉุ ููุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ุจุทุฑู ู
ุจุชูุฑุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Anyone is allowed to mix them in different types of ways, draw connections between musical ideas, and people can burn them or create final products and continue the circle.
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ู
ุณู
ูุญ ููู ุดุฎุต ู
ุฒุฌูุง ุจุดุชู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู ุงูุทุฑูุ ููุฑุณู
ูุตูุงุช ุจูู ุงูุฃููุงุฑ ุงูู
ูุณูููุฉ ูุงููุงุณ ุงูุฐูู ููุณุฎูููุง ุนูู ุงูุฃูุฑุงุต ุงูููุฒุฑูุฉ ุฃู ูุตูุนูู ู
ูุชุฌุงุช ู
ููุง ูุชุชูุงุตู ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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And what that's done is it's created, like I said, a vibrant community that's very inclusive, with people continually working to connect musical ideas, innovate them and keep things constantly up to date.
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ูู
ุง ูุนูู ูุฐุง ูู ุฃูู ุตูุนุ ู
ุซูู
ุง ููุชุ ู
ุฌุชู
ุน ูุงุจุถ ุจุงูุญูุงุฉ ู
ู ุฃูุงุณ ูุนู
ููู ุจุงุณุชู
ุฑุงุฑ ูุฑุจุท ุงูุฃููุงุฑ ุงูู
ูุณูููุฉุ ุฅุจุชูุงุฑูุง ูุงูุฅุจูุงุก ุนูู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ู
ูุงูุจุฉ ู
ุน ุงูุญุฏุซุ ุญุณูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Today's hit single is not last year's hit single.
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ุฃุบููุฉ ุงููู
ุฉ ุงูููู
ููุณุช ูู ููุณ ุงูุฃุบููุฉ ููุนุงู
ุงูู
ุงุถูุ ุญุณูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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But I'm not here to talk about music today.
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ูููู ูุณุช ููุง ููุญุฏูุซ ุนู ุงูู
ูุณููู ุงูููู
.
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Translate to Arabic
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I'm here to talk about books.
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ุฃูุง ููุง ููุญุฏูุซ ุญูู ุงููุชุจุ ุญุณูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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In particular, textbooks and the kind of educational materials that we use every day in school.
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ุจุงูุชุญุฏูุฏุ ุงููุชุจ ููู ุฃููุงุน ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุชุนููู
ูุฉ ุงูุชู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ูู ููู
ูู ุงูู
ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Has anyone here ever been to school?
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ูู ุฐูุจ ุฃู ุดุฎุต ู
ููู
ุฅูู ุงูู
ุฏุฑุณุฉุ
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Translate to Arabic
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OK, does anybody realize there's a crisis in our schools, around the world?
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ุญุณูุงูุ ูู ูุฏุฑู ุงู ู
ููู
ุฃู ููุงู ูุงุฑุซุฉ ูู ู
ุฏุงุฑุณูุงุ ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ
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Translate to Arabic
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I'm not going to spend too much time on that, but what I want to talk about is some of the disconnects that appear when an author publishes a book.
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ุขู
ู ุฐููุ ุญุณูุงูุ ูู ุฃุถูุน ููุช ุทููู ุญูู ุฐููุ ููู ู
ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนูู ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฅููุทุงุน ุงูุฐู ูุธูุฑ ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุดุฑ ู
ุคููุงู ูุชุงุจุงู
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Translate to Arabic
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That in fact, the publishing process -- just because of the fact that it's complicated, it's heavy, books are expensive -- creates a sort of a wall between authors of books and the ultimate users of books, be they teachers, students or just general readers.
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ูุฐูู ูู ุงููุงูุนุ ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููุดุฑ-- ููุท ุจุณุจุจ ุญูููุฉ ุฃููุง ู
ุนูุฏุฉุ ุฅููุง ุซูููุฉุ ููุฐูู ูุงููุชุจ ุบุงููุฉ ุงูุซู
ู-- ุชุตูุน ููุน ู
ู ุงูุฌุฏุงุฑ ุจูู ุงูู
ุคูููู ูุงููุชุจ ูุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู -ุงูููุฑุงุก- ููุฐู ุงููุชุจุ ููููู
ุงูู
ุนูู
ููุ ุงูุทููุงุจุ ุฃู
ู
ุฌุฑุฏ ุงูููุฑุงุก ุงูุนุงุฏููู.
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Translate to Arabic
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And this is even more true if you happen to speak a language other than one of the world's major languages, and especially English.
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ููุฐุง ุฃูุซุฑ ุฅูุทุจุงูุงู ุฅู ููุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ูุบุฉ ุชุฎุชูู ุนู ุงููุบุงุช ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ุงูู
ุนุฑููุฉุ ูุฎุตูุตุงู ุงูุฅูุฌููุฒูุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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I'm going to call these people below the barrier "shutouts" because they're really shut out of the process of being able to share their knowledge with the world.
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ูุณุฃููู
ุจุชุณู
ูุฉ ุฃุคูุฆู ุงููุงุณ ุชุญุช ุงูุญูุงุฌุฒ ุงูุฑุงูุถุฉุ ูุฃููู
ู
ุจุนุฏูู ุญูุงู ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนู
ููุฉ ุฃู ููุฏุฑูุง ุนูู ุชูุงุณู
ู
ุนุฑูุชูู
ู
ุน ุงูุนุงูู
.
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And so what I want to talk about today is trying to take these ideas that we've seen in the musical culture and try to bring these towards reinventing the way we think about writing books, using them and teaching from them.
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ููุฐุง ู
ุง ุฃุฑูุฏ ุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนูู ุงูููู
ูู ู
ุญุงููุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุฑุ ุญูุซ ุฃููุง ุดูุฏูุงูุง ูู ุงูุซูุงูุฉ ุงูู
ูุณูููุฉ ููุญุงูู ุฌูุจ ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุฑ ุชุฌุงู ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุจุชูุงุฑ ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุงูุชู ูููุฑ ุจูุง ุญูู ูุชุงุจุฉ ุงููุชุจุ ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง ูุงูุชุนูู
ู
ููุง.
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So, that's what I'd like to talk about and, really, how we get from where we are now to where we need to go.
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ุฅุฐุงู ููุฐุง ู
ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนูู ูููู ูู
ูููุง ุงููุตูู ู
ู ุญูุซ ููุจุน ุงูุขู ุฅูู ุงูู
ูุงู ุงูุฐู ูุฑูุฏ ุงููุตูู ุฅูููุ
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Translate to Arabic
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The first thing I'd like you to do is a little thought experiment.
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ุฅุฐุงูุ ุงูุดุฆ ุงูุฃูู ุงูุฐู ุฃุฑูุฏ ูุนูู ูู ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุตุบูุฑุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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Imagine taking all the world's books.
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ุญุณูุงูุ ุชุฎูููุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูู ูุชุจ ุงูุนุงูู
.
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OK, everybody imagine books and imagine just tearing out the pages.
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ุญุณูุงูุ ูููุชุฎูู ุงูุฌู
ูุน ุงููุชุจ
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Translate to Arabic
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and imagine digitizing them and then storing them in a vast, interconnected, global repository.
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ููุชุฎูู ุฃููุง ู
ุฒููุง ุงูุตูุญุงุช. ุฅุฐุงูุ ุชุญุฑูุฑ ูุฐู ุงูุตูุญุงุช ูุชุฎูููุง ุฑูู
ูุชูุงุ ุญุณูุงูุ
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Translate to Arabic
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Think of it as a massive iTunes for book-type content.
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ุซู
ุชุฎุฒูููุง ูู ู
ุฎุฒู ุนุงูู
ู ู
ุชุดุงุจู ุงููุตูุงุช. ููุฑูุง ุจูุง ุจุฌูุงุฒ ุขู ุชููู ุถุฎู
ุ ูู
ุญุชููุงุช ุงููุชุจ.
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Translate to Arabic
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And then take that material and imagine making it all open, so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it.
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ุซู
ุฎุฐูุง ุชูู ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ูุชุฎูููุง ุฃู ูุฌุนููุง ู
ูุชูุญุฉุ ุจุญูุซ ูุณุชุทูุน ุงููุงุณ ุชุนุฏูููุงุ ุงููุนุจ ุจูุงุ ุชุญุณูููุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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Imagine making it free, so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge, and imagine using information technology so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it, on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years.
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ุชุฎูููุง ุฌุนููุง ู
ุฌุงููุฉุ ุจุญูุซ ูุณุชุทูุน ุฃู ุดุฎุต ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงููุตูู ููู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ูุชุฎูููุง ุฃููุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ุชูููุฉ ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุจุญูุซ ูู
ูููุง ุชุญุฏูุซ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุญุชููุงุชุ ุชุญุณูููุงุ ูุงููุนุจ ุจูุงุ ุจูุชูุฑุฉ ุฒู
ููุฉ ุจู
ุณุชูู ุงูุซุงููุฉ ุจุฏูุงู ุนู ุงูุณููุงุช.
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Translate to Arabic
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Instead of editions of a book coming out every two years, imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.
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ุญุณูุงูุ ุนูุถุงู ุนู ุชุฃุชู ุงูุทุจุนุงุช ูู ุณูุชููุ ูููุชุงุจุ ุชุฎูููุง ุฃููุง ุชุฃุชู ูู 25 ุซุงููุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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So, imagine we could do that and imagine we could put people into this.
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ุฅุฐุงูุ ุชุฎูููุง ุฃู ุจุฅู
ูุงููุง ูุนู ุฐูู ูุชุฎูููุง ุฃููุง ุฃุณุชุทุนูุง ูุถุน ุงููุงุณ ุฏุงุฎู ูุฐุงุ ุญุณูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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So that we could truly build an ecosystem with not just authors, but all the people who could be or want to be authors in all the different languages of the world, and I think if you could do this, it would be called -- I'm just going to refer to it as a knowledge ecosystem.
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ุจุญูุซ ูู
ูููุง ุญูุงู ุจูุงุก ูุธุงู
ุจูุฆู ู
ูููู ู
ู ููุณ ููุท ุงูู
ุคููููุ ููู ูู ุงููุงุณ ุงูุฐูู ุจู
ุณุชุทุงุนูู
ุฃู ูุฑุบุจูู ูู ุฃู ูููููุง ู
ุคูููู ุจูู ุงููุบุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููุนุงูู
ุ ูุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃูู ุฅุฐุง ุฃุณุชุทุนุชู
ูุนู ูุฐุงุ ูุฃููุง ุณุชุณู
ูุ ุญุณูุงูุ ุณุฃููู
ุจุชุณู
ูุชูุง ุจูุธุงู
ุจูุฆุฉ ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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So, really, this is the dream, and in a sense what you can think of it is we're trying to enable anyone in the world, I mean anyone in the world -- to be their own educational DJ, creating educational materials, sharing them with the world, constantly innovating on them. So, this is the dream.
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ุฅุฐุงูุ ููุฐุง ุญูุงู ุงูุญูู
ูุจุทุฑููุฉ ู
ุง ุ ุงูุฐู ุชุณุชุทูุน ุงูุชูููุฑ ุจู ูู ุฃููุง ูุญุงูู ุชู
ููู ูู ุดุฎุต ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุฃุนูู ูู ุดุฎุต ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ููุตุจุญ ุงููุงุนุจ ุงูู
ุงูู ููุชุนููู
ุ ุตูุน ู
ูุงุฏ ุชุนููู
ูุฉุ ุชูุงุณู
ูุง ู
ุน ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุงูุฅุจุชูุงุฑ ุงูู
ุชูุงุตู ุญูููุง. ุฅุฐุงู ููุฐุง ุญูู
.
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Translate to Arabic
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In fact, this dream is actually being realized.
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ูู ุงููุงูุนุ ูุฅู ูุฐุง ุงูุญููู
ูุชู
ุชุญูููู ุงูุขู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Over the last six-and-a-half years, we've been working really hard at Rice University on a project called Connexions, and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk is just tell you a little bit about what people are doing with Connexions, which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday, where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world.
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ุฎูุงู ุงูุณููุงุช ุงูุณุช ููุตู ุงูู
ุงุถูุฉุ ููุฏ ุนู
ููุง ุจุฌุฏ ูู ุฌุงู
ุนุฉ ุฑุงูุณ ูู ู
ุดุฑูุน ูุณู
ู ุชูุงุตู "Connections"ุ ูุฐุง ูู
ุง ุฃุฑูุฏ ูุนูู ูู ุจููุฉ ุญุฏูุซู ูู ุฃู ุฃุฎุจุฑูู
ููููุงู ุญูู ู
ุง ููุนูู ุงููุงุณ ู
ุน ุชูุงุตูุ ุงูุฐู ูู
ูููู
ุงูุชูููุฑ ุจู ูู
ุทุงุจู ูุญุฏูุซ ูููููุงุณ ููุฑูุจูููุช ุจุงูุฃู
ุณ ุ
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We're working on the open-source tools and the content.
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ุญูุซ ูุนู
ููู ุนูู ุชุตููุน ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุตูุจุฉ ูุฌูุจ ุงูุชุนููู
ุฅูู ุงูุนุงูู
.
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Translate to Arabic
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So, that's sort of to put it in perspective here.
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ูุญู ูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฃุฏูุงุช ู
ุตุฏุฑ ู
ูุชูุญ ูุงูู
ุญุชููุงุชุ ุญุณูุงูุ
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Translate to Arabic
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So, create.
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ุฅุฐุงูุ ูุฐูู ููุน ู
ู ูุถุน ุงูุชูุฌู ููุง.
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Translate to Arabic
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What are some of the people that are using these kind of tools?
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ุฅุฐุงู ู
ุงุฐุง ููุนู ุจุนุถ ุงููุงุณ ุงูุฐูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ูุฐุง ุงูููุน ู
ู ุงูุฃุฏูุงุชุ
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Translate to Arabic
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Well, the first thing is, there's a community of engineering professors, from Cambridge to Kyoto, who are developing engineering content in electrical engineering to develop what you can think of as a massive, super textbook that covers the entire area of electrical engineering.
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ุญุณูุงูุ ุฃูู ุดุฆ ูู ุฃู ููุงู ู
ุฌุชู
ุนุงุช ูุฃุณุงุชุฐุฉ ุงูููุฏุณุฉุ ู
ู ูู
ุจูุฑูุฏุฌ ุฅูู ูููุชูุ ุงูุฐูู ูุทููุฑูู ู
ุญุชููุงุช ููุฏุณูุฉ ูู ุงูููุฏุณุฉ ุงูููุฑุจุงุฆูุฉ ูุชุทููุฑ ู
ุง ูู
ูููู
ุฅุนุชุจุงุฑู ููุชุงุจ ุถุฎู
ููุบุงูุฉุ ุญุณูุงูุ ุงูุฐู ูุบุทู ูู ู
ุฌุงูุงุช ุงูููุฏุณุฉ ุงูููุฑุจุงุฆูุฉ
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And not only that -- it can be customized for use in each of their own individual institutions.
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ูููุณ ุฐูู ููุทุ ูู
ูู ุชุฎุตูุตูุง ููุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูู ุฃู ู
ู ุงูู
ุคุณุณุงุช ู
ููุฑุฏุฉ.
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If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out -- a private music teacher and mom from Champagne, Illinois, who wanted to share her fantastic music content with the world, on how to teach kids how to play music -- Her material is now used over 600,000 times per month.
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ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงููุงุณ ุฃู
ุซุงู ููุชู ุฌููุฒ ู
ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงูู
ูุณููู ุงูุฎุงุตุฉ ูุงูู
ุฑุจูุฉ ู
ู ูุงู
ุจุงูุฌููุ ุฃูููููุ ุงูุชู ุฃุฑุงุฏุงุช ุชูุงุณู
ู
ุญุชููุงุชูุง ุงูู
ูุณูููุฉ ุงููุงุชูุฉ ู
ุน ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุญูู ููููุฉ ุชุนููู
ุงูุฃุทูุงู ูุนุจ ุงูู
ูุณููู. ูุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ู
ุญุชููุงุชูุง ุงูุขู ู
ุง ูุฒูุฏ ุนูู 600ุ000 ู
ุฑุฉ ุดูุฑูุงู.
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Translate to Arabic
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Tremendous use.
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ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ู
ุฐูู ููุบุงูุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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In fact, a lot of this use coming from United States K-12 schools, because anyone who's involved in a school scale back, the first thing that's cut is the music curriculum.
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ูู ุงููุงูุนุ ุงููุซูุฑ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงุช ุชุฃุชู ู
ู ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉุ ุนุจุฑ 12 ู
ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูุฃู ุฃู ุดุฎุต ุถุงูุน ูู ุชุนูู
ุนูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู
ุฏุฑุณุฉุ ูุฃู ุฃูู ุดุฆ ูุญุชุงุฌู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ููุฌ ุงูู
ูุณููู
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Translate to Arabic
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And so this is just indicating the tremendous thirst for this kind of open, free content.
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ููุฐุง ููุท ูุนูุณ ุงูุชุนุทุด ุงููุงุฆู ููุฐุง ุงูููุน ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุชููุงุช ุงูู
ุฌุงููุฉ ุงูู
ูุชูุญุฉ.
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Translate to Arabic
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A lot of teachers are using this stuff.
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ุงููุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงูู
ุนูู
ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก. ุญุณูุงูุ ู
ุงุฐุง ุนู ุงูุชุฌููุฒุ
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Translate to Arabic
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What about ripping? What about copying, reusing?
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ู
ุงุฐุง ุนู ุงููุณุฎุ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุ
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Translate to Arabic
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A team of volunteers at the University of Texas at El Paso -- graduate students translating this engineering super textbook ideas.
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ูุฑูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุชุทูุนูู ูู ุฌุงู
ุนุฉ ุชูุณุงุณ ุฅูุจุงุณูุ ุทูุงุจ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนููุง ูุชุฑุฌู
ูู ุฃููุงุฑ ูุฐู ุงููุชุจ ุงูููุฏุณูุฉ ุงูุถุฎู
ุฉ
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Translate to Arabic
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And within about a week, having this be some of our most popular material in widespread use all over Latin America, and in particular in Mexico, because of the open, extensible nature of this.
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ูุฎูุงู ุญูุงูู ุฃุณุจูุนุ ุงูุญุตูู ุนูู ูุฐุง ูุตุจุญ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูู ุฅูุชุดุงุฑ ุงูุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูู ูู ุฃู
ุฑููุง ุงููุงุชูููุฉ ูุชุญุฏูุฏุงู ูู ุงูู
ูุณููุ ุจุณุจุจ ุทุจูุนุฉ ุงูู
ูุชูุญุฉ ุงููุงุณุนุฉ ููุฐุง.
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